WO2017025650A1 - Method for producing three-dimensional items - Google Patents

Method for producing three-dimensional items Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017025650A1
WO2017025650A1 PCT/ES2015/070617 ES2015070617W WO2017025650A1 WO 2017025650 A1 WO2017025650 A1 WO 2017025650A1 ES 2015070617 W ES2015070617 W ES 2015070617W WO 2017025650 A1 WO2017025650 A1 WO 2017025650A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wall
mold
flexible
nature
pieces
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2015/070617
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Adrian HERNÁNDEZ HERNÁNDEZ
Original Assignee
Simplicity Works Europe, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Simplicity Works Europe, S.L. filed Critical Simplicity Works Europe, S.L.
Priority to PCT/ES2015/070617 priority Critical patent/WO2017025650A1/en
Publication of WO2017025650A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017025650A1/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/14Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles

Definitions

  • the present invention aims at a process for manufacturing three-dimensional articles, especially for the manufacture of three-dimensional articles that are externally limited by a layer of flexible nature, which defines the surface seen.
  • the process of the invention is carried out by means of a mold and counter mold between which a space is delimited with the shape of the article to be obtained, in which a first laminar wall is disposed, attached on the internal surface of the mold, of one or more pieces, which will constitute the outer layer of the article to be obtained.
  • the process of the invention is applicable to the manufacture of three-dimensional articles limited externally by a layer of flexible nature and provided with a rigid structure, such as for example seat furniture, vehicle dashboards, etc., or provided with a flexible internal structure and deformable, such as footwear, clothing and clothing accessories, caps, wetsuits, etc.
  • the traditional procedure consists in the assembly of a base or structure, preparation and arrangement on said structure of a covering based on an elastically compressible material, foam type , and finally the upholstery by means of a flexible sheet material, for example of a textile nature, leather, etc., generally based on pieces that are joined by seams.
  • a foaming material such as polyurethane
  • the article to be obtained is composed of laminar pieces that are arranged between the mold and counter mold, which are separated from each other by a distance approximately equal to the thickness of said sheet pieces, so that between consecutive pieces and the mold surfaces and against the mold, channels and volumes are determined in which a molten plastic material is injected, which serves as a means of joining the laminar pieces.
  • the procedure described is designed for the manufacture of footwear, bags, clothing and clothing accessories, etc.
  • a flexible sheet template can be used, on which the cut pieces are fixed, properly positioned, and then the template is fixed, by its free surface, on the surface of the mold.
  • the article to be obtained can also include a flexible laminar lining that is arranged on the counter mold and is fixed to the cut by the injected plastic material to join the pieces of the cut.
  • the chamber delimited between mold and counter mold is sized to house only the laminar pieces that make up the cut and at most a liner that will be attached directly to the internal surface of the cut, being therefore only applicable to the manufacture of articles delimited by a flexible wall, of relatively small thickness.
  • the present invention relates to a process for manufacturing three-dimensional articles that are externally limited by a layer of a flexible nature and that include a structure of a rigid or deformable nature, and is intended to achieve a considerable reduction in manufacturing times and costs, with respect to traditional systems, and in many cases also of reduction of weight and necessary materials.
  • the process of the invention comprises the preparation of a mold and counter mold between which a chamber or space is delimited with the shape or volume of the article to be obtained.
  • a first flexible laminar wall is prepared, consisting of one or more pieces, which will constitute the outer layer of the article to obtain.
  • This first laminar wall which may be composed of one or more pieces, is attached on the inner surface of the mold.
  • the facing surfaces of the mold and counter mold are separated a distance greater than the thickness of the first wall mentioned above, so that between said first wall and the counter mold an intermediate chamber is delimited into which it is injected a filling material, based on a material of a plastic nature, in a molten state, with the ability to adhere to the inner surface of the first wall and also with the ability to form a plastic foam, when solidifying, with an open cell structure or closed.
  • the first wall When the first wall is composed of several pieces, its placement on the surface of the mold can be facilitated by a flexible sheet template, on one of whose surfaces are fixed, in the position they must occupy on the mold, the parts that make up said first wall , and then the template is attached by its free surface, on the surface of the mold.
  • a second flexible laminar wall of thickness less than the width of the chamber delimited between the first wall and the surface of the counter mold can be arranged, so that between the first and second wall keeps the chamber in which the filler material will be injected.
  • This second wall can also be composed of one or more pieces and its assembly can be carried out in a manner similar to that described for the first wall.
  • the injected filler material can be formed by solidifying or curing a rigid or flexible and elastically compressible structure, adhered to the surface of the first and second laminar walls, and can also be breathable in nature.
  • the second and first laminar walls they will preferably be of a breathable nature, for example of a textile nature, of natural or artificial leather, etc.
  • the counter mold used in the process of the invention can be, like the mold, of a rigid or flexible nature, the counter mold being able to consist of an inflatable chamber, composed similarly to a float, and which upon reaching its maximum volume and swelling capacity reproduce the shape corresponding to the counter mold between which and the inner surface of the mold the chamber will be delimited with the shape of the three-dimensional article to be obtained.
  • the counter mold can remain inside the mold, once the filler material has been injected and solidified. In the event that the three-dimensional article is opened by one of its surfaces, the counter mold can be extracted through said open surface.
  • the positioning of the first chamber or its components on the mold can also be ensured by temporary bonding systems, for example based on adhesives, electromagnetic vacuum system, etc. Similarly, the positioning of the second wall or its components on the counter mold can be carried out.
  • FIG. 1 shows in vertical section the mold and counter mold for the manufacture of a three-dimensional article, such as a seat furniture.
  • Figure 2 is a vertical section of the first flexible wall, used with the mold of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 is a section similar to Figure 1, with the first wall coupled on the inner surface of the mold.
  • Figure 4 is a section similar to Figure 3, with the filler material injected.
  • Figure 5 is a vertical section of the three-dimensional article obtained.
  • Figure 6 is a section similar to Figure 3, showing an execution variant.
  • FIG. 7 shows in plan the development of the cut of a shoe, obtained with the process of the invention.
  • Figure 8 is a section of the shoe cut, taken along line VIII-VIII of Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 is a partial section of the mold and counter mold, with the first and second walls, between which the chamber for the filling material is defined.
  • Figure 10 is a section similar to Figure 9, showing the composition of the flexible wall article between mold and counter mold.
  • Figure 1 1 is a section of the flexible wall article, obtained from the composition of Figure 10.
  • Figure 12 is a section similar to Figure 9, showing a possible variant of execution.
  • the process of the invention begins with the preparation of a mold and counter mold between which a space or chamber is delimited with the shapes and dimensions of the article to be obtained.
  • a mold (1) and against mold (2) are shown in vertical section, among which a chamber (3) is delimited, with the shapes and dimensions of the article to be obtained.
  • the mold (1) is composed of three pieces (4, 5 and 6).
  • a wall (7), figure 2, of a flexible nature, which will form the external surface of the article to be obtained is made.
  • This first wall can be composed of a single piece or based on pieces that join together.
  • the three-dimensional article (10), shown in figure 5, is obtained.
  • the counter mold (2) can be removed, or left inside to serve as a core support, as a rigid or semi-rigid armor.
  • the article (10) will include an external wall (7) of flexible nature, for example of natural or artificial leather, of a textile nature, etc., and between said wall and the core an intermediate padding (9), for example of an elastically compressible nature, which would provide the desired comfort and which in turn can be supported by the counter mold (2).
  • the first flexible wall (7) or parts that make it up can be fixed, by the surface that will define the surface seen of the article to be obtained, on a flexible sheet template (12), figure 2, which in turn will be fixed on the internal surface of the pieces (4-5) that make up the mold, to then proceed to the injection of the material that will make up the body (9).
  • the template (12) is separated, the surface of the external wall (7) being visible, generally made of leather or of a textile nature and which in any case can be formed by one or more layers
  • the use of the template (12) will facilitate the placement of the wall (7), from the pieces that compose it, which will be positioned on the internal surface of said template, with the butt edges and that will be fixed by the injected cellular material, such as polyurethane foam.
  • the mold and counter mold can also define between both holes or cavities intended to house auxiliary parts that will be at least partially occluded in the wall (9) of cellular material and that can serve as reinforcement, reinforcement, connection elements with other items , etc.
  • auxiliary parts can be achieved in the same wall injection operation (9), or by another subsequent injection operation.
  • the three-dimensional article (10) of Figure 5 may correspond to a seat furniture, a car dashboard or any other article that is externally limited by a wall of a flexible nature, supported by a rigid or semi-rigid internal structure that can be defined by the intermediate layer (9) or by the counter mold (2), in which case said intermediate layer can be elastically deformable, by compression .
  • the article to be manufactured can be of deformable structure, such as a shoe, a garment or clothing accessory, etc.
  • This cut, figures 7 and 8 is composed of a series of pieces (15) limited between separation lines (16), which will be arranged on a mold to constitute the first wall of the article to be obtained.
  • the pieces (15) can be positioned and fixed on a flexible sheet template (17), for example by means of an adhesive, with the surface that will constitute the surface seen in the manufactured article directed towards said template.
  • the pieces (15) can be butted, as shown in Figure 8.
  • the footwear to be manufactured is obtained by means of a mold (18), constituted by one or more pieces, and a counter mold (19), for example in the form of last, figure 9, among which a space or chamber that corresponds to the shoe cutting volume.
  • the template (17) with the cutting pieces (15) is arranged on the internal surface of the mold, forming together the first wall (20) of footwear.
  • a second wall (21) can be arranged on the counter mold (19) which will serve as an internal lining of the footwear and which may be constituted by one or more pieces.
  • the facing surfaces of the mold and against the mold are separated a greater distance than the thickness of the first and second walls (20-21), so that between said walls an intermediate chamber (22) is delimited into which a material of filling (23), figures 10 to 12, of a plastic nature, in a molten state, which has the ability to adhere with the pieces (15) of the first wall (20) and with the second wall (21) and which when solidifying forms a plastic foam structure, with open and / or closed cells, of a flexible nature, deformable by compression and preferably breathable.
  • the pieces (15) that will make up the cut and the inner wall (21) will also be flexible in nature and preferably also breathable, so that the whole of the cut (24) obtained for the footwear, formed by the pieces (15), material filling (23) and second wall (21) provide excellent adaptation and comfort features for the footwear user.
  • the second wall (21) constituting the lining can also be composed of pieces (25), whose separation lines (26) can coincide with the separation lines (16) between pieces ( 15) of the first flexible wall formed by said parts.
  • the filling material (23) may include stiffeners or other elements, as well as air chambers (28), figure 12, etc.
  • the pieces (15) of the first wall (20) will be of a breathable nature, for example of a textile type, just like the second wall (21) or pieces (25) that make it up, so that the wall assembly ( 24) obtained be also breathable and flexible.
  • the process of the invention allows obtaining three-dimensional articles limited externally by an external layer of a flexible nature, including a rigid internal structure, figures 1 to 6, or flexible, figures 7 to 12.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing three-dimensional items, by means of a mould (1-18) and a counter-mould (2-19) which define a space of the shape and volume of the item to be produced. A first flexible wall (7-15) is fixed to the inner surface of the mould, said wall being thinner than the gap between the facing surfaces of the mould and the counter-mould. A filler material is injected into the chamber (8-22) defined between said flexible wall (7-15) and the counter-mould (2-19), forming a rigid or flexible intermediate layer (9-23).

Description

PROCEDIMIENTO DE FABRICACIÓN DE ARTÍCULOS TRIDIMENSIONALES  MANUFACTURING PROCEDURE FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL ITEMS
Campo de la invención La presente invención tiene por objeto un procedimiento de fabricación de artículos tridimensionales, especialmente para la fabricación de artículos tridimensionales que están limitados exteriormente por una capa de naturaleza flexible, que define la superficie vista. El procedimiento de la invención se lleva a cabo mediante un molde y contra molde entre los que se delimita un espacio con la forma del artículo a obtener, en el que se dispone, adosada sobre la superficie interna del molde, una primera pared laminar, de una o más piezas, que constituirá la capa externa del artículo a obtener. El procedimiento de la invención es aplicable a la fabricación de artículos tridimensionales limitados exteriormente por una capa de naturaleza flexible y dotados de una estructura rígida, como por ejemplo muebles de asiento, salpicaderos de vehículos, etc., o dotada de una estructura interna flexible y deformable, como por ejemplo calzado, prendas y complementos de vestir, gorras, trajes de neopreno, etc. Field of the Invention The present invention aims at a process for manufacturing three-dimensional articles, especially for the manufacture of three-dimensional articles that are externally limited by a layer of flexible nature, which defines the surface seen. The process of the invention is carried out by means of a mold and counter mold between which a space is delimited with the shape of the article to be obtained, in which a first laminar wall is disposed, attached on the internal surface of the mold, of one or more pieces, which will constitute the outer layer of the article to be obtained. The process of the invention is applicable to the manufacture of three-dimensional articles limited externally by a layer of flexible nature and provided with a rigid structure, such as for example seat furniture, vehicle dashboards, etc., or provided with a flexible internal structure and deformable, such as footwear, clothing and clothing accessories, caps, wetsuits, etc.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
En la fabricación de determinado tipo de muebles de asiento, tales como sillones y sofás, el procedimiento tradicional consiste en el armado de una base o estructura, preparación y disposición sobre dicha estructura de un recubrimiento a base de un material elásticamente comprimible, de tipo espuma, y finalmente el tapizado mediante un material laminar flexible, por ejemplo de naturaleza textil, cuero, etc., generalmente a base de piezas que se unen mediante costuras. En otros casos, tales como la fabricación de salpicaderos para vehículos, se emplea un molde de inyección que copia en negativo la forma tridimensional del salpicadero y en el cual se inyecta un material espumante, tal como poliuretano, para obtener un cuerpo tridimensional moldeado. Paralelamente se cortan las piezas que recubrirán el salpicadero y se unen para confeccionar así una funda, con la cual se tapiza el cuerpo moldeado, utilizando colas para su adherencia a la pieza previamente inyectada. Por la PCT/ES2012/070139 es conocido un procedimiento de fabricación de artículos tridimensionales de naturaleza flexible, mediante un molde y contra molde entre los que se delimita una cámara con la forma y volumen del artículo a obtener. El artículo a obtener está compuesto a base de piezas laminares que se disponen entre el molde y contra molde, los cuales están separados entre sí una distancia aproximadamente igual al grueso de dichas piezas laminares, de modo que entre piezas consecutivas y las superficies del molde y contra molde se determinan canales y volúmenes en los que se inyecta un material plástico en estado fundido, que sirve como medio de unión de las piezas laminares. El procedimiento descrito está concebido para la fabricación de calzado, bolsos, prendas y complementos de vestir, etc. Para facilitar el posicionado de las piezas que conforman el corte puede utilizarse una plantilla laminar flexible, sobre la que se fijan las piezas del corte, debidamente posicionadas, y a continuación se fija la plantilla, por su superficie libre, sobre la superficie del molde. El artículo a obtener puede además incluir un forro laminar flexible que se dispone sobre el contra molde y queda fijado al corte mediante el material plástico inyectado para unir las piezas del corte. In the manufacture of certain type of seating furniture, such as armchairs and sofas, the traditional procedure consists in the assembly of a base or structure, preparation and arrangement on said structure of a covering based on an elastically compressible material, foam type , and finally the upholstery by means of a flexible sheet material, for example of a textile nature, leather, etc., generally based on pieces that are joined by seams. In other cases, such as the manufacture of vehicle dashboards, an injection mold is used that negatively copies the three-dimensional shape of the dashboard and into which a foaming material, such as polyurethane, is injected to obtain a molded three-dimensional body. At the same time, the pieces that will cover the dashboard are cut and joined together to make a cover, with which the molded body is upholstered, using tails to adhere to the previously injected piece. From PCT / ES2012 / 070139 a process of manufacturing three-dimensional articles of a flexible nature is known, by means of a mold and counter mold between which a chamber is delimited with the shape and volume of the article to be obtained. The article to be obtained is composed of laminar pieces that are arranged between the mold and counter mold, which are separated from each other by a distance approximately equal to the thickness of said sheet pieces, so that between consecutive pieces and the mold surfaces and against the mold, channels and volumes are determined in which a molten plastic material is injected, which serves as a means of joining the laminar pieces. The procedure described is designed for the manufacture of footwear, bags, clothing and clothing accessories, etc. To facilitate the positioning of the pieces that make up the cut, a flexible sheet template can be used, on which the cut pieces are fixed, properly positioned, and then the template is fixed, by its free surface, on the surface of the mold. The article to be obtained can also include a flexible laminar lining that is arranged on the counter mold and is fixed to the cut by the injected plastic material to join the pieces of the cut.
En el procedimiento descrito la cámara delimitada entre molde y contra molde está dimensionada para alojar solo las piezas laminares que conforman el corte y a lo sumo un forro que quedará adosado directamente a la superficie interna del corte, siendo por tanto solo aplicable a la fabricación de artículos delimitados por una pared flexible, de grosor relativamente pequeño. In the described procedure the chamber delimited between mold and counter mold is sized to house only the laminar pieces that make up the cut and at most a liner that will be attached directly to the internal surface of the cut, being therefore only applicable to the manufacture of articles delimited by a flexible wall, of relatively small thickness.
Descripción de la invención Description of the invention
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento de fabricación de artículos tridimensionales que están limitados exteriormente pro una capa de naturaleza flexible y que incluyen una estructura de naturaleza rígida o deformable, y tiene por objeto lograr una considerable reducción en los tiempos y costes de fabricación, respecto de los sistemas tradicionales, y en muchos casos también de reducción de peso y materiales necesarios. The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing three-dimensional articles that are externally limited by a layer of a flexible nature and that include a structure of a rigid or deformable nature, and is intended to achieve a considerable reduction in manufacturing times and costs, with respect to traditional systems, and in many cases also of reduction of weight and necessary materials.
Según se ha indicado inicialmente, el procedimiento de la invención comprende la preparación de un molde y contra molde entre los que se delimita una cámara o espacio con la forma o volumen del artículo a obtener. Por otro lado se prepara una primera pared laminar flexible, compuesta por una o más piezas, que constituirá la capa externa del artículo a obtener. Esta primera pared laminar, que puede estar compuesta por una o más piezas, se adosa sobre la superficie interna del molde. As indicated initially, the process of the invention comprises the preparation of a mold and counter mold between which a chamber or space is delimited with the shape or volume of the article to be obtained. On the other hand, a first flexible laminar wall is prepared, consisting of one or more pieces, which will constitute the outer layer of the article to obtain. This first laminar wall, which may be composed of one or more pieces, is attached on the inner surface of the mold.
De acuerdo con la invención, las superficies enfrentadas del molde y contra molde están separadas una distancia mayor que el grueso de la primera pared antes citada, de modo que entre dicha primera pared y el contra molde se delimita una cámara intermedia en la que se inyecta un material de relleno, a base de un material de naturaleza plástica, en estado fundido, con capacidad de adherencia sobre la superficie interna de la primera pared y también con capacidad de formación de una espuma plástica, al solidificar, con estructura de celdas abiertas o cerradas. According to the invention, the facing surfaces of the mold and counter mold are separated a distance greater than the thickness of the first wall mentioned above, so that between said first wall and the counter mold an intermediate chamber is delimited into which it is injected a filling material, based on a material of a plastic nature, in a molten state, with the ability to adhere to the inner surface of the first wall and also with the ability to form a plastic foam, when solidifying, with an open cell structure or closed.
Cuando la primera pared está compuesta de varias piezas, su colocación sobre la superficie del molde puede facilitarse mediante una plantilla laminar flexible, sobre una de cuyas superficies se fijan, en la posición que deben ocupar sobre el molde, las piezas que componen dicha primera pared, y a continuación se adosa la plantilla por su superficie libre, sobre la superficie del molde. When the first wall is composed of several pieces, its placement on the surface of the mold can be facilitated by a flexible sheet template, on one of whose surfaces are fixed, in the position they must occupy on the mold, the parts that make up said first wall , and then the template is attached by its free surface, on the surface of the mold.
Según una posible variante de ejecución, sobre la superficie del contra molde puede disponerse una segunda pared laminar flexible de grosor inferior al ancho de la cámara delimitada entre la primera pared y la superficie del contra molde, de modo que entre la primera y segunda pared se mantiene la cámara en la que se inyectará el material de relleno. Esta segunda pared puede también estar compuesta por una o más piezas y su montaje puede llevarse a cabo de forma similar a la descrita para la primera pared. According to a possible variant of execution, on the surface of the counter mold a second flexible laminar wall of thickness less than the width of the chamber delimited between the first wall and the surface of the counter mold can be arranged, so that between the first and second wall keeps the chamber in which the filler material will be injected. This second wall can also be composed of one or more pieces and its assembly can be carried out in a manner similar to that described for the first wall.
El material de relleno inyectado puede conformar al solidificar o curar una estructura rígida o flexible y elásticamente comprimible, adherida a la superficie de la primera y segunda paredes laminares, pudiendo además ser de naturaleza transpirable. En cuanto a la segunda y primera paredes laminares serán preferentemente de naturaleza transpirable, por ejemplo de naturaleza textil, de cuero natural o artificial, etc. The injected filler material can be formed by solidifying or curing a rigid or flexible and elastically compressible structure, adhered to the surface of the first and second laminar walls, and can also be breathable in nature. As for the second and first laminar walls, they will preferably be of a breathable nature, for example of a textile nature, of natural or artificial leather, etc.
El contramolde utilizado en el procedimiento de la invención puede ser, al igual que el molde, de naturaleza rígida o bien flexible, pudiendo consistir el contra molde en una cámara hinchable, compuesta de forma similar a un flotador, y que al alcanzar su máximo volumen y capacidad de hinchado reproduzca la forma correspondiente al contra molde entre el cual y la superficie interna del molde se delimitará la cámara con la forma del artículo tridimensional a obtener. En cualquier caso, el contra molde puede quedar dentro del molde, una vez inyectado y solidificado el material de relleno. En el caso de que el artículo tridimensional vaya abierto por una de sus superficies, el contra molde puede ser extraído a través de dicha superficie abierta. El posicionado de la primera cámara o de sus componentes sobre el molde puede además asegurarse mediante sistemas de unión temporales, por ejemplo a base de adhesivos, sistema de vacío electromagnéticos, etc. De igual forma puede realizarse el posicionado de la segunda pared o de sus componentes sobre el contra molde. Breve descripción de los dibujos The counter mold used in the process of the invention can be, like the mold, of a rigid or flexible nature, the counter mold being able to consist of an inflatable chamber, composed similarly to a float, and which upon reaching its maximum volume and swelling capacity reproduce the shape corresponding to the counter mold between which and the inner surface of the mold the chamber will be delimited with the shape of the three-dimensional article to be obtained. In any case, the counter mold can remain inside the mold, once the filler material has been injected and solidified. In the event that the three-dimensional article is opened by one of its surfaces, the counter mold can be extracted through said open surface. The positioning of the first chamber or its components on the mold can also be ensured by temporary bonding systems, for example based on adhesives, electromagnetic vacuum system, etc. Similarly, the positioning of the second wall or its components on the counter mold can be carried out. Brief description of the drawings
El procedimiento de la invención podrá comprenderse mejor mediante los ejemplos de realización, no limitativos, representados en los dibujos adjuntos, en los que: The process of the invention may be better understood by the non-limiting examples of embodiment, represented in the accompanying drawings, in which:
- La figura 1 muestra en sección vertical el molde y contra molde para la fabricación de un artículo tridimensional, tal como un mueble de asiento.  - Figure 1 shows in vertical section the mold and counter mold for the manufacture of a three-dimensional article, such as a seat furniture.
La figura 2 es una sección vertical de la primera pared flexible, utilizada con el molde de la figura 1 .  Figure 2 is a vertical section of the first flexible wall, used with the mold of Figure 1.
La figura 3 es una sección similar a la figura 1 , con la primera pared acoplada sobre la superficie interna del molde.  Figure 3 is a section similar to Figure 1, with the first wall coupled on the inner surface of the mold.
- La figura 4 es una sección similar a la figura 3, con el material de relleno inyectado.  - Figure 4 is a section similar to Figure 3, with the filler material injected.
La figura 5 es una sección vertical del artículo tridimensional obtenido.  Figure 5 is a vertical section of the three-dimensional article obtained.
La figura 6 es una sección similar a la figura 3, mostrando una variante de ejecución.  Figure 6 is a section similar to Figure 3, showing an execution variant.
- La figura 7 muestra en planta el desarrollo del corte de un calzado, obtenido con el procedimiento de la invención.  - Figure 7 shows in plan the development of the cut of a shoe, obtained with the process of the invention.
La figura 8 es una sección del corte del calzado, tomada según la línea VIII-VIII de la figura 7.  Figure 8 is a section of the shoe cut, taken along line VIII-VIII of Figure 7.
La figura 9 es una sección parcial del molde y contra molde, con la primera y segunda paredes, entre las que se define la cámara para el material de relleno. Figure 9 is a partial section of the mold and counter mold, with the first and second walls, between which the chamber for the filling material is defined.
La figura 10 es una sección similar a la figura 9, mostrando la composición del artículo de pared flexible entre molde y contra molde. Figure 10 is a section similar to Figure 9, showing the composition of the flexible wall article between mold and counter mold.
- La figura 1 1 es una sección del artículo de pared flexible, obtenido a partir de la composición de la figura 10.  - Figure 1 1 is a section of the flexible wall article, obtained from the composition of Figure 10.
- La figura 12 es una sección similar a la figura 9, mostrando una posible variante de ejecución.  - Figure 12 is a section similar to Figure 9, showing a possible variant of execution.
Descripción detallada de un modo de realización Detailed description of one embodiment
El procedimiento de la invención se inicia con la preparación de un molde y contra molde entre los que se delimita un espacio o cámara con las formas y dimensiones del artículo a obtener. The process of the invention begins with the preparation of a mold and counter mold between which a space or chamber is delimited with the shapes and dimensions of the article to be obtained.
En la figura 1 se muestra en sección vertical un molde (1 ) y contra molde (2), entre los que se delimita una cámara (3), con las formas y dimensiones del artículo a obtener. En el ejemplo representado el molde (1 ) está compuesto de tres piezas (4, 5 y 6). En una segunda operación se confecciona una pared (7), figura 2, de naturaleza flexible, que formará la superficie externa del artículo a obtener. Esta primera pared puede estar compuesta de una sola pieza o a base de piezas que se unen entre sí. Con el molde y contra molde desmontados, la primera pared (7), debidamente conformada, se adosa sobre la superficie interna del molde (1 ). En este caso sobre la superficie interna del conjunto formado por las piezas (4 y 5) del molde. A continuación se posiciona el contra molde (2) y se cierra el conjunto con la pieza (6) del molde, figura 3. Las superficies enfrentadas del molde (1 ) y contra molde (2), entre las que se delimita la cámara (3), están separadas entre sí una distancia "D" mayor que el grueso Ή" de la primera pared (7). De este modo entre la primera pared flexible (7) y el contra molde (2) se delimita una cámara (8), figura 3, en la que se inyecta, figura 4, a través de conexiones no representadas, por ejemplo situadas en la pieza (6), un material de relleno de naturaleza plástica, en estado fundido, con capacidad de adherencia sobre la superficie interna de la primera pared (7) y que al solidificar conforma una capa interna (9) de soporte, a base de espuma plástica de celdas abiertas y/o cerradas, rígida o flexible. In figure 1 a mold (1) and against mold (2) are shown in vertical section, among which a chamber (3) is delimited, with the shapes and dimensions of the article to be obtained. In the example shown, the mold (1) is composed of three pieces (4, 5 and 6). In a second operation a wall (7), figure 2, of a flexible nature, which will form the external surface of the article to be obtained is made. This first wall can be composed of a single piece or based on pieces that join together. With the mold and against the mold removed, the first wall (7), properly formed, is attached to the internal surface of the mold (1). In this case on the internal surface of the assembly formed by the pieces (4 and 5) of the mold. The counter mold (2) is then positioned and the assembly is closed with the mold part (6), figure 3. The facing surfaces of the mold (1) and against the mold (2), between which the chamber is delimited ( 3), a distance "D" greater than the thickness Ή "of the first wall (7) is separated from each other. Thus, a chamber (8) is delimited between the first flexible wall (7) and the counter mold (2). ), figure 3, in which figure 4 is injected, through connections not shown, for example located in the part (6), a filling material of a plastic nature, in a molten state, with adhesion capacity on the surface internal of the first wall (7) and which when solidifying forms an internal support layer (9), based on open and / or closed, rigid or flexible plastic foam cells.
Una vez abierto el molde, se obtiene el artículo tridimensional (10), mostrado en la figura 5. Al estar el artículo (10) abierto por su base inferior puede extraerse el contra molde (2), o bien dejarlo dentro para servir como núcleo soporte, a modo de armadura rígida o semirrígida. Exteriormente el artículo (10) incluirá una pared externa (7) de naturaleza flexible, por ejemplo de cuero natural o artificial, de naturaleza textil, etc., y entre dicha pared y el núcleo un relleno intermedio (9), por ejemplo de naturaleza elásticamente comprimible, que proporcionaría el confort deseado y que a su vez puede estar soportado por el contra molde (2). La primera pared flexible (7) o piezas que la conforman pueden fijarse, por la superficie que definirá la superficie vista del artículo a obtener, sobre una plantilla laminar flexible (12), figura 2, que a su vez se fijará sobre la superficie interna de las piezas (4-5) que conforman el molde, para proceder seguidamente a la inyección del material que conformará el cuerpo (9). Al abrir el molde y extraer el artículo fabricado, la plantilla (12) se separa, quedando a la vista la superficie de la pared externa (7), generalmente de cuero o de naturaleza textil y que en cualquier caso puede estar formada por una o más capas. Once the mold is opened, the three-dimensional article (10), shown in figure 5, is obtained. When the article (10) is open at its lower base, the counter mold (2) can be removed, or left inside to serve as a core support, as a rigid or semi-rigid armor. Externally the article (10) will include an external wall (7) of flexible nature, for example of natural or artificial leather, of a textile nature, etc., and between said wall and the core an intermediate padding (9), for example of an elastically compressible nature, which would provide the desired comfort and which in turn can be supported by the counter mold (2). The first flexible wall (7) or parts that make it up can be fixed, by the surface that will define the surface seen of the article to be obtained, on a flexible sheet template (12), figure 2, which in turn will be fixed on the internal surface of the pieces (4-5) that make up the mold, to then proceed to the injection of the material that will make up the body (9). When the mold is opened and the manufactured article is removed, the template (12) is separated, the surface of the external wall (7) being visible, generally made of leather or of a textile nature and which in any case can be formed by one or more layers
El uso de la plantilla (12) facilitará la colocación de la pared (7), a partir de las piezas que la componen, que se irán posicionando sobre la superficie interna de dicha plantilla, con los bordes a tope y que quedarán fijados por el material celular inyectado, tal como espuma de poliuretano. The use of the template (12) will facilitate the placement of the wall (7), from the pieces that compose it, which will be positioned on the internal surface of said template, with the butt edges and that will be fixed by the injected cellular material, such as polyurethane foam.
El molde y contra molde pueden definir además entre ambos huecos o cavidades destinadas a alojar piezas auxiliares que quedarán ocluidas, al menos parcialmente, en la pared (9) de material celular y que pueden servir como armadura, refuerzo, elementos de conexión con otros artículos, etc. La inclusión de estas piezas auxiliares puede lograrse en la misma operación de inyección de la pared (9), o mediante otra operación de inyectado posterior. The mold and counter mold can also define between both holes or cavities intended to house auxiliary parts that will be at least partially occluded in the wall (9) of cellular material and that can serve as reinforcement, reinforcement, connection elements with other items , etc. The inclusion of these auxiliary parts can be achieved in the same wall injection operation (9), or by another subsequent injection operation.
En la figura 6 se muestra una disposición similar a la de la figura 3, pero estando el contra molde constituido por una bolsa (13) hinchable, de pared flexible, que al alcanzar la situación de máximo hinchado adquiere exteriormente la configuración deseada para el contra molde. En este caso una configuración igual a la del contra molde (2) de la figura 3. El hinchado de la bolsa (2) puede llevarse a cabo a través de conductos (14). An arrangement similar to that of figure 3 is shown in figure 6, but the counter-mold being constituted by an inflatable bag (13) with a flexible wall, which upon reaching the maximum swelling situation acquires the desired configuration for the counter outside. mold. In this case, a configuration similar to that of the counter mold (2) of Figure 3. The inflation of the bag (2) can be carried out through ducts (14).
Por lo demás, el resto de componentes y disposición de los mismos son coincidentes con los descritos con referencia a la figura 3 y están designados con las mismas referencias. Otherwise, the rest of the components and their arrangement are coincident with those described with reference to Figure 3 and are designated with the same references.
El artículo tridimensional (10) de la figura 5 puede corresponder a un mueble de asiento, a un salpicadero de automóvil o a cualquier otro artículo que esté exteriormente limitado por una pared de naturaleza flexible, soportada por una estructura interna rígida o semirrígida que puede estar definida por la capa intermedia (9) o por el contra molde (2), en cuyo caso dicha capa intermedia puede ser elásticamente deformable, por compresión. También el artículo a fabricar puede ser de estructura deformable, como por ejemplo un calzado, una prenda o complemento para vestir, etc. The three-dimensional article (10) of Figure 5 may correspond to a seat furniture, a car dashboard or any other article that is externally limited by a wall of a flexible nature, supported by a rigid or semi-rigid internal structure that can be defined by the intermediate layer (9) or by the counter mold (2), in which case said intermediate layer can be elastically deformable, by compression . Also the article to be manufactured can be of deformable structure, such as a shoe, a garment or clothing accessory, etc.
En el ejemplo representado en la figura 7 a 12 se trata de la fabricación de un calzado, cuyo corte, en desarrollo, se muestra en la figura 7. In the example represented in Figure 7 to 12, it is the manufacture of a shoe, whose cut, in development, is shown in Figure 7.
Este corte, figuras 7 y 8, está compuesto por una serie de piezas (15) limitadas entre líneas de separación (16), que se dispondrán sobre un molde para constituir la primera pared del artículo a obtener. Para facilitar esta operación, las piezas (15) pueden posicionarse y fijarse sobre una plantilla (17) laminar flexible, por ejemplo mediante un adhesivo, con la superficie que constituirá la superficie vista en el artículo fabricado dirigida hacia dicha plantilla. Las piezas (15) pueden quedar a tope, según se representa en la figura 8. This cut, figures 7 and 8, is composed of a series of pieces (15) limited between separation lines (16), which will be arranged on a mold to constitute the first wall of the article to be obtained. To facilitate this operation, the pieces (15) can be positioned and fixed on a flexible sheet template (17), for example by means of an adhesive, with the surface that will constitute the surface seen in the manufactured article directed towards said template. The pieces (15) can be butted, as shown in Figure 8.
El calzado a fabricar se obtiene mediante un molde (18), constituido por una o más piezas, y un contra molde (19), por ejemplo en forma de horma, figura 9, entre los que se delimita un espacio o cámara que corresponderá al volumen del corte del calzado. Sobre la superficie interna del molde se dispone la plantilla (17) con las piezas (15) de corte, constituyendo en conjunto la primera pared (20) de calzado. Por su parte sobre el contra molde (19) puede disponerse una segunda pared (21 ) que servirá como forro interno del calzado y que puede estar constituida por una o más piezas. The footwear to be manufactured is obtained by means of a mold (18), constituted by one or more pieces, and a counter mold (19), for example in the form of last, figure 9, among which a space or chamber that corresponds to the shoe cutting volume. The template (17) with the cutting pieces (15) is arranged on the internal surface of the mold, forming together the first wall (20) of footwear. On the other hand, a second wall (21) can be arranged on the counter mold (19) which will serve as an internal lining of the footwear and which may be constituted by one or more pieces.
Las superficies enfrentadas del molde y contra molde quedan separadas una distancia mayor que el grueso de la primera y segunda paredes (20-21 ), de modo que entre dichas paredes se delimita una cámara intermedia (22) en la que se inyecta un material de relleno (23), figuras 10 a 12, de naturaleza plástica, en estado fundido, que tiene capacidad de adherencia con las piezas (15) de la primera pared (20) y con la segunda pared (21 ) y que al solidificar conforma una estructura de espuma plástica, con celdas abiertas y/o cerradas, de naturaleza flexible, deformable por compresión y preferentemente transpirable. The facing surfaces of the mold and against the mold are separated a greater distance than the thickness of the first and second walls (20-21), so that between said walls an intermediate chamber (22) is delimited into which a material of filling (23), figures 10 to 12, of a plastic nature, in a molten state, which has the ability to adhere with the pieces (15) of the first wall (20) and with the second wall (21) and which when solidifying forms a plastic foam structure, with open and / or closed cells, of a flexible nature, deformable by compression and preferably breathable.
Las piezas (15) que conformarán el corte y la pared interna (21 ) serán también de naturaleza flexible y preferentemente también transpirables, de modo que el conjunto del corte (24) obtenido para el calzado, formado por las piezas (15), material de relleno (23) y segunda pared (21 ) proporcione excelentes características de adaptación y confort para el usuario del calzado. The pieces (15) that will make up the cut and the inner wall (21) will also be flexible in nature and preferably also breathable, so that the whole of the cut (24) obtained for the footwear, formed by the pieces (15), material filling (23) and second wall (21) provide excellent adaptation and comfort features for the footwear user.
Según se muestra en las figuras 1 1 y 12, la segunda pared (21 ) constitutiva del forro puede estar también compuesta por piezas (25), cuyas líneas de separación (26) pueden coincidir con las líneas de separación (16) entre piezas (15) de la primera pared flexible formada por dichas piezas. As shown in Figures 1 1 and 12, the second wall (21) constituting the lining can also be composed of pieces (25), whose separation lines (26) can coincide with the separation lines (16) between pieces ( 15) of the first flexible wall formed by said parts.
Una vez seco o curado el material de relleno (23) se procede a la apertura y separación del molde y contra molde, obteniéndose un artículo de pared compuesto flexible, según se representa en las figuras 1 1 y 12, procediéndose por último a la separación de la plantilla laminar (17), para quedar como superficie vista la correspondiente a las piezas (15), carente de líneas de costura, según se muestra en la figura 12. Once the filling material (23) is dried or cured, the mold and counter mold are opened and separated, obtaining a flexible composite wall article, as shown in Figures 1 1 and 12, finally separating of the laminar template (17), so that the surface corresponding to the pieces (15), lacking sewing lines, as shown in Figure 12, remains visible.
El material de relleno (23) puede incluir elementos rigidizadores o de otra naturaleza, así como cámaras de aire (28), figura 12, etc. Preferentemente las piezas (15) de la primera pared (20) serán de naturaleza transpirable, por ejemplo de tipo textil, al igual que la segunda pared (21 ) o piezas (25) que la conforman, de modo que el conjunto de pared (24) obtenida sea también transpirable y flexible. The filling material (23) may include stiffeners or other elements, as well as air chambers (28), figure 12, etc. Preferably the pieces (15) of the first wall (20) will be of a breathable nature, for example of a textile type, just like the second wall (21) or pieces (25) that make it up, so that the wall assembly ( 24) obtained be also breathable and flexible.
En definitiva, el procedimiento de la invención permite la obtención de artículos tridimensionales limitados exteriormente por una capa externa de naturaleza flexible, que incluyen una estructura interna rígida, figuras 1 a 6, o flexible, figuras 7 a 12. In short, the process of the invention allows obtaining three-dimensional articles limited externally by an external layer of a flexible nature, including a rigid internal structure, figures 1 to 6, or flexible, figures 7 to 12.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 . - Procedimiento de fabricación de artículos tridimensionales, especialmente de artículos tridimensionales limitados por una capa externa de naturaleza flexible, que comprende: one . - Method of manufacturing three-dimensional articles, especially three-dimensional articles limited by an outer layer of a flexible nature, comprising:
Preparar un molde (1 -18) y contra molde (2-19) entre los que se delimita un espacio (3) con la forma y volumen del artículo a obtener; Prepare a mold (1-18) and counter mold (2-19) between which a space (3) is delimited with the shape and volume of the article to be obtained;
Preparar una primera pared (7-15) laminar flexible, compuesta por una o más piezas, que constituirá la capa externa del artículo a obtener; - Adosar dicha primera pared sobre la superficie interna del molde (1 -18); Prepare a first flexible laminar wall (7-15), consisting of one or more pieces, which will constitute the outer layer of the article to be obtained; - Attach said first wall on the internal surface of the mold (1-18);
Caracterizado por que las superficies enfrentadas del molde (1 -18) y contra molde (2- 19) están separadas una distancia "D" mayor que el grueso Ή" de la primera pared (7- 15), delimitando dicha primera pared con la superficie enfrentada del contra molde una cámara intermedia (8-22) en la que se inyecta un material de relleno de naturaleza plástica, en estado fundido, que tiene capacidad de adherencia sobre la superficie interna de la primera pared y conforma al solidificar una capa intermedia (9-23) de material plástico compacto o foam. Characterized by the fact that the opposite surfaces of the mold (1-18) and against the mold (2-19) are separated a distance "D" greater than the thickness Ή "of the first wall (7-15), delimiting said first wall with the facing surface of the counter mold an intermediate chamber (8-22) in which a filler material of plastic nature is injected, in a molten state, which has adhesion capacity on the inner surface of the first wall and forms when solidifying an intermediate layer (9-23) of compact plastic or foam material.
2. - Procedimiento según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que sobre la superficie del contra molde (19) se dispone una segunda pared (21 ) laminar flexible, compuesta de una o más piezas, de grosor inferior al ancho de la cámara (22) delimitada entre la primera pared (15) y la superficie del contra molde (19), de modo que entre la segunda pared (21 ) laminar flexible y la primera pared (15) laminar flexible se delimita la cámara intermedia (22) en la que se inyecta el material de relleno compacto o foam que conforma la capa intermedia (23). 2. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that on the surface of the counter mold (19) a second flexible laminar wall (21) is disposed, composed of one or more pieces, of thickness less than the width of the chamber (22) delimited between the second wall (15) and the surface of the counter mold (19), so that between the second flexible sheet wall (21) and the first flexible sheet wall (15) the intermediate chamber (22) is delimited in which injects the compact or foam filling material that forms the intermediate layer (23).
3.- Procedimiento según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que el material de relleno inyectado conforma, una vez curado, un cuerpo de naturaleza rígida, al que queda adherida la primera pared laminar. 3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the injected filling material forms, once cured, a body of a rigid nature, to which the first laminar wall is adhered.
4.- Procedimiento según reivindicación 2, caracterizado por que el material inyectado conforma, una vez curado, un relleno flexible, elásticamente comprimible, al que queda adherida la primera y segunda pared laminares. 4. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the injected material forms, once cured, a flexible, elastically compressible filling, to which the first and second laminar walls are adhered.
5. - Procedimiento según reivindicación 4, caracterizado por que el relleno flexible es de naturaleza transpirable. 5. - Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the flexible padding is breathable in nature.
6. - Procedimiento según reivindicación 2, caracterizado por que la primera y segunda paredes (15-21 ) son de naturaleza transpirable. 6. - Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the first and second walls (15-21) are breathable in nature.
7.- Procedimiento según reivindicación 6, caracterizado por que la primera y segunda paredes (15-21 ) son de naturaleza textil. 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the first and second walls (15-21) are textile in nature.
8. - Procedimiento según reivindicación 5, caracterizado por que la primera y segunda paredes (15-21 ) son de cuero natural o artificial. 8. - Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the first and second walls (15-21) are made of natural or artificial leather.
9. - Procedimiento según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que el contra molde (2) consiste en una bolsa (13) hinchable de pared flexible, que delimita con la primera pared laminar flexible, una vez hinchada a su volumen máximo, la cámara intermedia (8). 9. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the counter mold (2) consists of an inflatable flexible wall bag (13), which delimits with the first flexible laminar wall, once swollen to its maximum volume, the intermediate chamber ( 8).
10. - Procedimiento según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que el contra molde (2) queda dentro del artículo tridimensional, como soporte de la capa intermedia (23) definida por el material de relleno inyectado. 10. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the counter mold (2) is within the three-dimensional article, as a support for the intermediate layer (23) defined by the injected filler material.
1 1 . - Procedimiento según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que el artículo tridimensional va abierto por una de sus superficies a través de la que se extrae el contra molde (2). eleven . - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the three-dimensional article is opened by one of its surfaces through which the counter mold (2) is extracted.
12. - Procedimiento según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por que la primera pared laminar flexible incorpora piezas o postizos, preferentemente de naturaleza transpirable. 12. - Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first flexible laminar wall incorporates pieces or inserts, preferably of a breathable nature.
PCT/ES2015/070617 2015-08-07 2015-08-07 Method for producing three-dimensional items WO2017025650A1 (en)

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