WO2017003197A1 - 양극 활물질 입자 및 이를 포함하는 이차 전지 - Google Patents
양극 활물질 입자 및 이를 포함하는 이차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017003197A1 WO2017003197A1 PCT/KR2016/007000 KR2016007000W WO2017003197A1 WO 2017003197 A1 WO2017003197 A1 WO 2017003197A1 KR 2016007000 W KR2016007000 W KR 2016007000W WO 2017003197 A1 WO2017003197 A1 WO 2017003197A1
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- active material
- metal oxide
- positive electrode
- electrode active
- material particles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a positive electrode active material particles and a secondary battery including the same.
- the use range of the lithium secondary battery has been applied in a wide variety of fields. Recently, as a small lithium secondary battery, as a power source for driving portable electronic communication devices such as a camcorder, a mobile phone, a notebook PC, etc., a portable device requiring high performance is almost replaced by a lithium secondary battery and occupies a firm position as a power supply device. Doing. In recent years, the development of medium and large size lithium secondary batteries such as a hybrid vehicle (HEV) and an electric vehicle (EV) using these high power characteristics has been actively performed. In addition, as a power source for uninterrupted power supply, power tools, ships, satellites, military radios and weapons systems, R & D is actively conducted in Korea, Japan, Europe, and the US in relation to various application fields. It is becoming.
- HEV hybrid vehicle
- R & D is actively conducted in Korea, Japan, Europe, and the US in relation to various application fields. It is becoming.
- Lithium secondary battery is an energy storage device with high energy and power, and has the advantage of having higher capacity and operating voltage than other batteries, but due to such high energy, the safety of the battery is a problem, which may cause explosion or fire. have. In particular, in recent years, such a hybrid car has been in the spotlight, so high energy and output characteristics are required such safety can be seen more important.
- Korean Patent No. 10-1274829 provides a secondary battery having improved life characteristics. Specifically, an oxide is formed in a hydroxyl group (OH group) portion of a positive electrode mixture including a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder, and the oxide is formed to a thickness of 1 to 50 nm to provide a positive electrode.
- OH group hydroxyl group
- the positive electrode is coated with the metal oxide as described above, there is a problem in that the detachment and insertion of lithium ions are not free and the performance of the secondary battery is reduced.
- the present inventors found that while conducting research on a positive electrode active material having excellent safety and lifespan characteristics, a metal oxide made of low stability elements was embedded on the surface of the positive electrode active material, thereby providing an active chemically stable active material.
- the present invention was completed.
- Patent Document 1 Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1274829
- the first technical problem to be solved of the present invention is to make the positive electrode active material particles having improved stability and lifespan characteristics by preventing the side reaction by reducing the area of the lithium transition metal oxide and the electrolyte by embedding the metal oxide on the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide To provide.
- the second technical problem to be solved of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery, a battery module and a battery pack including the positive electrode active material particles.
- the present invention includes a core comprising a first lithium transition metal oxide and a shell surrounding the core, the shell is a form of the metal oxide particles embedded in the second lithium transition metal oxide, At least a portion of the metal oxide particles are exposed on the surface of the shell to provide positive electrode active material particles.
- the present invention is a secondary battery comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode is coated with a positive electrode mixture containing the positive electrode active material particles, the negative electrode active material containing the negative electrode active material and an electrolyte solution, a battery module and the battery comprising the secondary battery Provide the pack.
- the cathode active material particles according to the present invention a part of the metal oxide having low reactivity is exposed on the surface of the active material, thereby preventing side reactions between the transition metal and the electrolyte solution, thereby improving safety and life characteristics.
- the electrical conductivity of the active material is lowered, it is possible to maintain excellent stability even under high temperature and battery destruction.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the positive electrode active material particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a photograph of the positive electrode active material particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- Example 3 is a graph showing capacity retention rates of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 of the present invention.
- the terms “comprise”, “comprise” or “have” are intended to indicate that there is a feature, number, step, component, or combination thereof, that is, one or more other features, It should be understood that it does not exclude in advance the possibility of the presence or addition of numbers, steps, components, or combinations thereof.
- Lithium transition metal oxide which is used as a positive electrode active material, is oxidized from Co +3 to Co +4 as the transition metal in the lithium transition metal oxide is oxidized at the positive electrode during high voltage charging (for example, when LiCoO 2 is used as the positive electrode active material). ) There was a problem of inferior reaction in electrolyte surface stability and lifetime.
- the cathode active material particle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a core including a first lithium transition metal oxide and a shell surrounding the core, wherein the shell is formed in which the metal oxide particles are embedded in the second lithium transition metal oxide. At least a portion of the metal oxide particles may be exposed on the surface of the shell.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the positive electrode active material particles according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- some number of metal oxide particles in the shell may be exposed to the surface of the shell, and specifically, at least a part of all metal oxide particles in the shell may be formed in the shell. It may be exposed outside the surface.
- Figure 2 is a photograph of the positive electrode active material particles according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, it can be seen that at least a portion of the metal oxide particles are exposed to the surface of the shell.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the positive electrode active material particles may be 5 to 25 ⁇ m, and the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the core may be 4 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the shell may be 100 to 300 nm, the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the metal oxide particles may be 5 to 200 nm.
- the shell is embedded with metal oxide particles having low reactivity with the electrolyte on the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide, since the portion of the electrolyte directly contacting the lithium transition metal oxide is few, the transition metal is oxidized to cause side reactions with the electrolyte. The problem that occurs can be reduced.
- the metal oxide is simply coated on the surface of the active material, there is a high possibility that the coating part is separated from the active material particles by physical impact or chemical reaction.
- the metal oxide since the metal oxide is embedded in the surface, it is possible to maintain a more rigid form than when the metal oxide is simply coated on the surface of the active material.
- the metal oxide exists in a state in which a part of the active material is exposed on the surface of the active material, the electrical conductivity of the active material can be properly adjusted, thereby ensuring safety at high temperature and battery destruction.
- heat is generated due to disconnection of the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the heat accumulates to generate shrinkage of the separator, and the area of the disconnection increases to ignite (thermal runaway). ) May occur.
- the anode and the cathode are disconnected, when the anode has a large electrical conductivity, a large amount of current flows at the moment of disconnection, and thus the heat generation becomes more severe, and thermal runaway occurs more quickly.
- the active material according to the embodiment of the present invention exists in a state in which the metal oxide is partially exposed to the surface, the electrical conductivity can be maintained at a low level, so that when the wire is disconnected, the current flows less and heat generation does not occur, resulting in thermal runaway. Since this can be delayed, stability can be improved.
- the thickness of the shell is less than 100 nm, since the metal oxide particles are exposed on the surface, a problem may occur in that the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode active material is lowered.
- the thickness of the shell is more than 300 nm, the metal oxide particles may be It may not be exposed to the surface of the shell may cause a problem that a side reaction between the electrolyte and the positive electrode active material occurs.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the metal oxide is less than 5 nm, since the metal oxide is embedded in the shell, the surface of the shell is not exposed, there may be a problem that a side reaction between the electrolyte and the positive electrode active material occurs. In the case of more than 200 nm, since the metal oxide particles are exposed on the surface, a problem may occur in that electrical conductivity is lowered.
- the first lithium transition metal oxide in the core and the second transition metal oxide in the shell are lithium-cobalt-based oxide, lithium-manganese-based oxide, lithium-nickel-manganese-based oxide, lithium-manganese-cobalt-based oxide and lithium-nickel
- the metal oxide particles may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , MgO, MnO, and ZrO, but the metal oxide is not limited thereto, and a metal oxide having low reactivity with an electrolyte may be appropriately selected. Can be used.
- the metal atoms of the metal oxide particles may be included in an amount of 0.01 to 1.0 at% based on the positive electrode active material particles, the metal oxide particles may be included in an amount of 0.03 to 2.0% by weight relative to the positive electrode active material particles.
- the content of the metal atoms may be measured by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP) or an X-ray fluorescence analyzer (XRF), but specifically, an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. It is preferable to use an analyzer.
- the content of the metal oxide particles may be calculated based on values measured by an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer.
- the metal atom is less than 0.01 at% and the metal oxide particles are less than 0.03% by weight, the lithium transition metal oxide area that may cause side reactions with the electrolyte is increased, thereby reducing the lifespan and stability of the battery.
- the amount of the metal atoms is greater than 1.0 at% and the amount of the metal oxide particles is greater than 2.0% by weight, the electrical conductivity of the positive electrode active material may be lowered, thereby lowering battery efficiency.
- Method for producing a positive electrode active material particles comprises the steps of mixing a lithium compound and a transition metal compound, and firing to produce a lithium transition metal oxide (step 1); And a lithium transition metal oxide, a lithium compound, a transition metal compound and a metal raw material prepared in Step 1 at a weight ratio of 92 to 97: 0.5 to 2: 2 to 4: 0.5 to 2, and at a temperature of 550 to 850 ° C. Firing for 3 to 10 hours (step 2); may be included.
- step 1 is a step of mixing and baking a lithium compound and a transition metal compound to prepare a lithium transition metal oxide.
- the lithium compound and the transition metal compound may be used a lithium compound and a transition metal compound commonly used in the art for the production of a positive electrode active material
- the lithium compound is Li 2 CO 3 , LiNO 3 and LiOH
- the transition metal compound may use one or more selected from the group consisting of oxides, hydroxides, nitrates, chlorides, and carbonates of the transition metal, but is not limited thereto.
- the firing may be performed at 800 ° C. to 1150 ° C. for 5 hours to 20 hours.
- step 2 is a lithium transition metal oxide, a lithium compound, a transition metal compound and a metal raw material prepared in step 1, the lithium transition metal oxide, lithium compound prepared in step 1 , A transition metal compound and a metal raw material are mixed at a weight ratio of 92 to 97: 0.5 to 2: 2 to 4: 0.5 to 2, and calcined at a temperature of 550 to 850 ° C. for 3 to 10 hours.
- step 2 the lithium compound and the transition metal compound react to produce a lithium transition metal oxide, and at the same time, a metal oxide is prepared from a metal raw material, thereby preparing a shell in which a lithium transition metal oxide and a metal oxide are mixed.
- the shell can be manufactured to a thin thickness by limiting the weight ratio of the precursors to a specific value, the metal oxides may be left partly exposed on the surface of the shell.
- the lithium compound and the transition metal compound may use the compounds used in the step 1,
- the metal raw material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of carbonate, nitrate, oxalate, sulfate, acetate, citrate, and chloride of the metal.
- the metal may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Ti, Mg, Mn, and Zr.
- the weight ratio of the core, the lithium compound, the transition metal compound and the metal raw material of the step 2 may be 92 ⁇ 97: 0.5 ⁇ 2: 2 ⁇ 4: 0.5 ⁇ 2. If the weight ratio of the metal raw material is less than 0.5, since the diameter of the metal oxide is manufactured to be small, a problem may occur in that the metal oxide is not exposed to the surface of the shell, and if it exceeds 2, the cathode active material is excessively exposed to the surface of the shell. The problem may occur that the electrical conductivity of the. In addition, the firing of step 2 may be performed for 3 to 10 hours at a temperature of 550 to 850.
- the metal oxide When the firing proceeds at a temperature of less than 550 or less than 3 hours, the metal oxide is placed in the form of a coating only on the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide. Therefore, in this case, it is not possible to maintain a more rigid form than the form in which the metal oxide is embedded in the surface, and the surface resistance of the drawn active material may be too high.
- the firing proceeds at a temperature above 850 ° C. or for a time greater than 10 hours, the metal oxide is excessively diffused into the lithium transition metal oxide so that the metal oxide is not exposed to the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide. Therefore, in this case, the area where the lithium transition metal oxide reacts with the electrolyte may not be reduced, resulting in a decrease in stability and capacity retention.
- a positive electrode active material may be prepared so that the metal oxide is partially exposed on the surface of the lithium transition metal oxide.
- a secondary battery including a positive electrode to which the positive electrode mixture including the positive electrode active material particles is applied, a negative electrode to which the negative electrode mixture including the negative electrode active material is applied, and an electrolyte solution.
- the secondary battery according to the present invention includes the positive electrode active material particles, and the positive electrode active material particles are partially exposed to the surface of the active material metal oxide, so that there is an effect that can prevent side reactions between the transition metal and the electrolyte solution In addition, the safety and life characteristics of the secondary battery are improved. In addition, while the electrical conductivity of the active material is lowered, it is possible to maintain excellent stability even in high temperature and battery breakdown conditions of the secondary battery.
- the positive electrode according to the present invention may be prepared by, for example, applying a positive electrode mixture made by mixing the positive electrode active material particles, the conductive material and the binder, a filler, and a solvent such as NMP on a positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling.
- a positive electrode mixture made by mixing the positive electrode active material particles, the conductive material and the binder, a filler, and a solvent such as NMP on a positive electrode current collector, followed by drying and rolling.
- the binder is added as a component to assist in bonding the active material and the current collector.
- binders include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, Polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butylene rubber, fluorine rubber, various copolymers, and the like.
- the filler is optionally used as a component for inhibiting expansion of the positive electrode, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a fibrous material without causing chemical change in the battery.
- the filler include olefinic polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; Fibrous materials such as glass fibers and carbon fibers are used.
- the positive electrode current collector is generally made to a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m. Such a positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- Examples of the positive electrode current collector include stainless steel, aluminium, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel. The surface-treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, etc. can be used for the surface.
- the current collector may form fine irregularities on its surface to increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material, and may be in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foaming agent, and a nonwoven fabric.
- the negative electrode may be manufactured by applying and drying a negative electrode mixture including a negative electrode active material on a negative electrode current collector.
- the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical change in the battery.
- carbon on the surface of copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel , Surface-treated with nickel, titanium, silver, or the like, aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like can be used.
- fine concavities and convexities may be formed on the surface to enhance the bonding strength of the negative electrode active material, and may be used in various forms such as a film, a sheet, a foil, a net, a porous body, a foam, and a nonwoven fabric.
- the secondary battery of the present invention may further include a separator, wherein the separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an insulating thin film having high ion permeability and mechanical strength is used.
- the pore diameter of the separator is generally from 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m ⁇ m, thickness is generally 5 ⁇ 300 ⁇ m.
- a separator for example, olefin polymers such as chemical resistance and hydrophobic polypropylene; Sheets or non-woven fabrics made of glass fibers or polyethylene are used.
- a solid electrolyte such as a polymer is used as the electrolyte, the solid electrolyte may also serve as a separator.
- the electrolyte may be a lithium salt-containing non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the lithium salt-containing non-aqueous electrolyte consists of a non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium salt.
- a non-aqueous organic solvent, an organic solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, and the like are used as the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- non-aqueous organic solvent examples include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butylo lactone, and 1,2-dime Methoxy ethane, tetrahydroxyfranc, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolon, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxoron, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, Methyl acetate, phosphate triester, trimethoxy methane, dioxorone derivatives, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivatives, tetrahydrofuran derivatives, ethers, pyrion
- An aprotic organic solvent such as methyl acid or ethyl prop
- organic solid electrolytes examples include polyethylene derivatives, polyethylene oxide derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphate ester polymers, polyagitation lysine, polyester sulfides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, Polymers containing ionic dissociating groups and the like can be used.
- Examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte include Li 3 N, LiI, Li 5 NI 2 , Li 3 N-LiI-LiOH, LiSiO 4 , LiSiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 2 SiS 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Nitrides, halides, sulfates and the like of Li, such as Li 4 SiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 , and the like, may be used.
- the lithium salt is a good material to be dissolved in the non-aqueous electrolyte, for example, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiAlCl 4, CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 NLi, chloroborane lithium, lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium, lithium tetraphenyl borate and imide have.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution includes, for example, pyridine, triethyl phosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, and hexaphosphate triamide.
- halogen-containing solvents such as carbon tetrachloride and ethylene trifluoride may be further included, and carbon dioxide gas may be further included to improve high temperature storage characteristics.
- a battery module including the secondary battery as a unit cell and a battery pack including the same are provided. Since the battery module and the battery pack include the secondary battery which is stable at high temperature and exhibits excellent battery characteristics, the battery module and the battery pack include a power tool, an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), And an electric vehicle including a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), or a power storage system.
- EV electric vehicle
- HEV hybrid electric vehicle
- PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
- Step 1 (Preparation of the core): 1 to 1.05 mol of Li 2 CO 3 which is a lithium compound and 1 mol of Co 3 O 4 which is a cobalt compound are mixed, stirred, and calcined at 1000 ° C. for 10 hours to form lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ).
- Li 2 CO 3 which is a lithium compound
- Co 3 O 4 which is a cobalt compound
- Step 2 preparation of the shell: after mixing 100 g of lithium cobalt oxide prepared in Step 2 and 2 g of Li 2 CO 3 which is a lithium compound, 4 g of Co 3 O 4 which is a cobalt compound, and 0.8 g of MgOH which is a metal raw material. Agitated and calcined at 675 ° C. for 5 hours to include a shell having a thickness of 200 nm, and including a cathode active material particle (average particle diameter (D 50 )) in which magnesium oxide (MgO) was embedded in lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2 ): 18 ⁇ m) was prepared.
- D 50 average particle diameter
- the weight ratio of the lithium transition metal oxide, the lithium compound, the transition metal compound, and the metal raw material was 93.63: 1.87: 3.75: 0.75.
- the magnesium oxide was 0.08 at% of all the atoms of the prepared cathode active material particles, and the content of magnesium oxide was 0.1 wt% based on the total weight of the cathode active material particles.
- the average particle diameter (D 50) of the magnesium oxide was 50nm.
- Step 2 of Example 1 except that the firing conditions were 500 °C, 5 hours was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 1.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the positive electrode active material was 18 ⁇ m, and included a shell having a thickness of 200 nm.
- the magnesium oxide was 0.08 at% to all the atoms of the prepared positive electrode active material particles, the content of the magnesium oxide was 0.1% by weight relative to the total weight of the positive electrode active material particles.
- the average particle diameter (D 50) of the magnesium oxide was 50nm.
- Comparative Example 2 A cathode active material in which all metal oxides are embedded into the transition metal oxide so that the metal is not exposed to the outside.
- Step 2 of Example 1 except that the firing conditions were set to 1000 °C, 10 hours to carry out in the same manner as in Example 1 to prepare a positive electrode active material of Comparative Example 2.
- the average particle diameter (D 50 ) of the positive electrode active material was 18 ⁇ m.
- the magnesium oxide was 0.08 at% to all the atoms of the prepared positive electrode active material particles, the content of the magnesium oxide was 0.1% by weight relative to the total weight of the positive electrode active material particles.
- the average particle diameter (D 50) of the magnesium oxide was 50nm.
- the positive electrode active materials of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were respectively measured using a powder resistance measuring apparatus (Hantech Co., Ltd.). 5 g of the positive electrode active material was placed in a molder having a diameter of 10 mm and electrical conductivity was measured through the apparatus while applying a force of 20 kN.
- Example 1 As shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the electrical conductivity of Example 1 is significantly lower than that of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. In the case of Example 1, since the metal oxide is included in the active material in a suitable position. It can be seen that the electrical conductivity is adjusted low, thereby maintaining stability even in high temperature and battery breakdown situations.
- Batteries of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 including the positive electrode active material particles prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively were prepared. Specifically, the cathode active material particles were coated on aluminum foil, rolled, and dried to prepare a secondary battery cathode. On the other hand, a secondary battery was manufactured by interposing a porous polyethylene separator between the positive electrode and the graphite negative electrode and injecting an electrolyte solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved in 1M in an ethylene carbonate solvent.
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Abstract
Description
전기 전도도(S/cm) | |
실시예 1 | 6.58×10-5 |
비교예 1 | 1.58×10-3 |
비교예 2 | 5.82×10-4 |
Claims (16)
- 제1 리튬 전이금속 산화물을 포함하는 코어 및 상기 코어를 둘러싸는 쉘을 포함하고,상기 쉘은 제2 리튬 전이금속 산화물 내에 금속 산화물 입자가 박힌 형태이며, 상기 금속 산화물 입자의 적어도 일부분은 상기 쉘의 표면에 노출되어 존재하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 쉘 내에 있는 모든 금속 산화물 입자의 적어도 일부분은 상기 쉘의 표면 외부로 노출되어 존재하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물 입자는 Al2O3, TiO2, MgO, MnO, ZrO로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물 입자의 금속 원자는 상기 양극 활물질 입자의 모든 원자에 대하여 0.01 내지 1.0 at%의 함량으로 포함된 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물 입자는 상기 양극 활물질 입자에 대하여 0.03 내지 2.0 중량%의 함량으로 포함된 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물 입자의 평균입경(D50)은 5 내지 200 nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 쉘의 두께는 100 내지 300 nm인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 양극 활물질 입자의 평균입경(D50)은 5 내지 25 μm인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 리튬 전이금속 산화물 및 제2 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 리튬-코발트계 산화물, 리튬-망간계 산화물, 리튬-니켈-망간계 산화물, 리튬-망간-코발트계 산화물 및 리튬-니켈-망간-코발트계 산화물로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 리튬 전이금속 산화물 및 제2 리튬 전이금속 산화물은 LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(여기에서, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, a+b+c=1), LiNi1 - YCoYO2, LiCo1 - YMnYO, LiNi1 - YMnYO2 (여기에서, 0≤≤Y<1), Li(NiaCobMnc)O4(여기에서, 0<a<2, 0<b<2, 0<c<2, a+b+c=2) 및 LiMn2 - zNizO4, LiMn2-zCozO4(여기에서, 0<z<2)로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 리튬 전이금속 산화물의 평균 조성과 및 제2 리튬 전이금속 산화물의 평균 조성은 동일한 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 입자.
- 리튬 화합물 및 전이금속 화합물을 혼합하고, 소성하여 리튬 전이금속 산화물을 제조하는 단계(단계 1); 및상기 단계 1에서 제조된 리튬 전이금속 산화물, 리튬 화합물, 전이금속 화합물 및 금속 원료를 92~97 : 0.5~2 : 2~4 : 0.5~2의 중량비로 혼합하고 550 내지 850의 온도에서 3 내지 10시간 동안 소성하는 단계(단계 2);를 포함하는 제1항의 양극 활물질 입자의 제조방법.
- 제1항의 양극 활물질 입자를 포함하는 양극 합제가 도포되어 있는 양극, 음극 활물질을 포함하는 음극 합제가 도포되어 있는 음극 및 전해액을 포함하는 이차전지.
- 제13항의 이차전지를 단위 셀로 포함하는 전지모듈.
- 제14항의 전지모듈을 포함하며, 중대형 디바이스의 전원으로 사용되는 것을 특징으로 하는 전지 팩.
- 제15항에 있어서,상기 중대형 디바이스가 전기자동차, 하이브리드 전기자동차, 플러그-인 하이브리드 전기자동차 및 전력 저장용 시스템으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 전지 팩.
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