WO2016208132A1 - Battery pack - Google Patents

Battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016208132A1
WO2016208132A1 PCT/JP2016/002717 JP2016002717W WO2016208132A1 WO 2016208132 A1 WO2016208132 A1 WO 2016208132A1 JP 2016002717 W JP2016002717 W JP 2016002717W WO 2016208132 A1 WO2016208132 A1 WO 2016208132A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
output side
batteries
battery pack
series
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/002717
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
俊之 仲辻
Original Assignee
三洋電機株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 三洋電機株式会社 filed Critical 三洋電機株式会社
Publication of WO2016208132A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016208132A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/269—Mechanical means for varying the arrangement of batteries or cells for different uses, e.g. for changing the number of batteries or for switching between series and parallel wiring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/583—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to current, e.g. fuses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery pack comprising a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable batteries and connecting these batteries in series, and in particular, a protection element that detects battery temperature and cuts off current is connected to the battery. It relates to a battery pack.
  • battery packs used in various electronic devices have been required to be high output and downsized.
  • a battery pack includes a plurality of batteries and increases the output voltage by connecting these batteries in series.
  • the battery pack can protect the battery by cutting off the current in a state where an overcurrent flows or when it is heated to an abnormal temperature by connecting a protection element that detects the battery temperature and cuts off the current to the battery. .
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a conventional battery pack that is provided with a plurality of batteries that can be charged and discharged, and in which these batteries are connected in series.
  • the battery pack shown in this figure two batteries 91 are connected in series, and a protection element 93 is connected to each battery 91 in series.
  • This battery pack protects each battery 91 with a protective element 93 connected to each battery 91 while increasing the output voltage by connecting two batteries 91 in series.
  • the protection element 93 connected in series to the battery 91 cuts off the current and 91 can be reliably protected.
  • a detection line 95 for detecting an intermediate potential is connected to an intermediate connection point between two batteries 91 connected in series.
  • This battery pack can protect the battery 91 by reliably preventing overcharge and overdischarge of the battery 91 by monitoring while the protection circuit 94 detects the voltage of each battery 91.
  • the above battery pack has a problem that the protective element is connected to each battery, so that the number of parts increases, the manufacturing cost increases, and it cannot be manufactured at a low cost. Further, this battery pack needs to secure a space for arranging a protection element connected to each battery, and may be restricted by the shape and size of the battery pack.
  • the battery pack is desired to be reduced in size and cost, and from this point of view, it is required to reduce the number of protective elements incorporated in the battery pack.
  • the protection element 93 connected to the right battery 91 in order to reduce the number of protection elements 93, for example, a case where the protection element 93 connected to the right battery 91 is omitted is considered.
  • the protection element 93 connected to the battery 91 on the left side operates to protect the battery 91 by cutting off the output current. it can.
  • the protection element 93 by thermally coupling the protection element 93 to the two batteries 91, even when any one of the batteries 91 is heated to an abnormal temperature, the protection element 93 is operated to cut off the output current, and the battery 91 can be protected.
  • the present invention was developed for the purpose of solving the above drawbacks.
  • An important object of the present invention is to reduce the number of protective elements connected to the battery while connecting a plurality of batteries in series, and to mass-produce it at low cost, and to reliably cut off the current when the battery is abnormal.
  • the object is to provide a battery pack capable of protecting a battery.
  • the battery pack of the present invention comprises a battery block 10 formed by connecting a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable batteries 1 in series, a switching element 2 connected in series on the output side of the battery block 10, and a battery block 10.
  • a protective element 3 that is connected in series with the battery 1 and that cuts off the current when the temperature of the connected battery 1 becomes higher than a set temperature.
  • the switching element 2 is connected to the first output side that is either the positive output side or the negative output side of the battery block 10.
  • the number of protection elements 3 is less than the number of series-connected batteries 1, and one of the protection elements 3 is a second output side that is the output side opposite to the first output side formed by connecting the switching element 2. Is connected to the second output side battery 1X.
  • the protective element 3 connected to the second output side battery 1X is connected to the intermediate detection line 5 connected between the second output side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series with the second output side battery 1X. Is also connected to the second output side.
  • the battery pack of the present invention is capable of mass production at a low cost by reducing the number of protection elements while connecting a plurality of batteries in series, and can reliably protect the battery by interrupting the current when the battery is abnormal.
  • the switching element is connected to the first output side of the battery block, and the number of protection elements is less than the number of series connection of the batteries.
  • the current of the battery connected to the first output side is interrupted by the switching element at the time of an abnormality in which the conductive portion connected to the intermediate detection line is short-circuited in the protection circuit, or the second
  • the current of the second output side battery connected to the output side is interrupted by the protection element connected to the second output side battery.
  • the battery pack of the present invention has an intermediate detection line in which a protective element 3 connected to the second output battery 1X is connected between the second output battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series with the second output battery 1X. 5 and the second output side battery 1X can be connected.
  • the coupling between the second output side battery and the battery connected in series with the second output side battery is facilitated, and these batteries can be easily thermally coupled to the protection element and connected to the second output side battery.
  • this protective element both the second output side battery and the battery connected in series can be ideally protected.
  • the battery block 10 connects two batteries 1 in series, and the second output side from the connection point 7 with the intermediate detection line 5 connected between the two batteries 1.
  • a single protection element 3 can be connected to each other.
  • the battery can be reliably protected using one protective element while connecting the two batteries in series. This is because the current on the first output side is interrupted by the switching element or the current on the second output side is interrupted by the protection element connected to the second output side battery at the time of abnormality.
  • the battery block 10 can connect three or more batteries 1 in series, and can include two or more protective elements 3.
  • One of the protection elements 3 is connected to the second output side battery 1X as the main protection element 3X, and the rest of the protection elements 3 is connected to the second output side battery 1X as the sub protection element 3Y in series with the battery 1. It can be connected to the first output side.
  • the current on the first output side is interrupted by the switching element or the current on the second output side is output to the second output in an abnormal state while three or more batteries are connected in series.
  • the battery connected to the first output side rather than the battery connected in series to the second output side battery is blocked by the main protection element connected to the side battery by the sub protection element connected thereto. Shut off to protect the battery.
  • the first output side can be the negative side of the battery block 10. According to the above configuration, since the first output side is the negative side of the battery block, there is a feature that the control of the switching element arranged on the first output side can be simplified.
  • the protection element 3 can be disposed in a thermally coupled state to the battery 1 as any one of a breaker, a PTC, and a fuse.
  • the protection element 3 can be arranged in a thermally coupled state to the plurality of batteries 1. According to the above configuration, since the protection elements are arranged in a thermally coupled state to the plurality of batteries, temperature abnormalities of the plurality of batteries can be detected and protected by the protection elements thermally coupled to these batteries. This structure can protect the battery by reliably detecting an abnormal temperature of the battery while reducing the number of protection elements.
  • the switching element 2 can be composed of a charge switch 12 made of an FET for controlling the charge current of the battery 1 and a discharge switch 11 made of an FET for controlling the discharge current of the battery 1.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 1 includes a battery block 10 formed by connecting a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable batteries 1 in series, a switching element 2 connected in series on the output side of the battery block 10, and a battery block 10.
  • a protection circuit 4 that detects the voltage of each battery 1 from an intermediate potential detected by an intermediate detection line 5 connected between each battery 1 and controls the switching element 2 on and off, and a battery block 10 are configured.
  • a protection element 3 that is connected in series with the battery 1 and that cuts off the current when the temperature of the connected battery 1 is higher than a set temperature.
  • the battery 1 is a secondary battery that can be charged and discharged.
  • the battery pack uses a lithium ion secondary battery as the battery 1.
  • Lithium ion secondary batteries have a large charge / discharge capacity with respect to capacity and weight, can reduce the outer shape of the battery pack, and can be lightened to increase the charge / discharge capacity.
  • the battery pack of the present invention can use all other secondary batteries that can be charged and discharged in place of the lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the battery pack includes a plurality of batteries 1, and these batteries 1 are connected in series to form a battery block 10.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 1 has two batteries 1 connected in series.
  • the number of batteries connected in series with each other is not limited to two, and may be three or more.
  • a battery pack formed by connecting three or more batteries in series will be described later in detail.
  • the switching element 2 is connected to the first output side that is either the positive output side or the negative output side of the battery block 10.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 1 uses the negative output side of the battery block 10 as the first output side. However, in the battery pack, as will be described in detail later, the positive output side of the battery block 10 may be the first output side.
  • the switching element 2 is a charge / discharge switch that controls charging / discharging of the battery 1.
  • the switching element 2 that is a charge / discharge switch has a discharge switch 11 and a charge switch 12 connected in series.
  • the discharge switch 11 and the charge switch 12 are semiconductor switching elements such as FETs.
  • the discharge switch 11 is switched to an off state when the discharge of the battery 1 is stopped, and the charge switch 12 is switched to an off state when charging is stopped.
  • the discharge switch 11 and the charge switch 12 are held in the on state.
  • the discharge switch 11 and the charge switch 12 are controlled to be turned on / off by the protection circuit 4.
  • the protection circuit 4 detects a charging / discharging stop state in which charging / discharging of the battery 1 is stopped, switches the switching element 2 to an off state, and interrupts the charging / discharging current flowing through the battery 1.
  • the protection circuit 4 detects the voltage of each battery 1 connected in series and determines the charge / discharge stop state of the battery 1.
  • the protection circuit 4 includes a voltage detection circuit that detects the voltage of each battery 1.
  • the battery pack of FIG. 1 detects the voltage of each battery 1, the intermediate detection line 5 connected between the batteries 1 connected in series, and the output detection connected to the positive and negative output sides of the battery block 10. Line 6.
  • the intermediate detection line 5 and the output detection line 6 are connected to the protection circuit 4, and the detected potential is input to the protection circuit 4.
  • the voltage detection circuit detects the voltage of each battery 1 from the intermediate potential detected by the intermediate detection line 5 and the both-end potential detected by the output detection line 6.
  • the battery pack of FIG. 1 includes a first output detection line 6A that detects a potential on the positive output side of the battery block 10, a second output detection line 6B that detects a potential on the negative output side of the battery block 10, and the battery block 10. And a third output detection line 6C for detecting the potential on the output side of the switching element 2 arranged on the first output side.
  • the first output detection line 6A and the second output detection line 6B are used to detect the output voltage of the battery block 10 and the voltage of each battery 1 connected in series.
  • the third output detection line 6C is used for checking the output voltage of the battery pack and the operating state of the switching element 2.
  • the protection circuit 4 determines the charge / discharge stop state of the battery 1 from the voltage of each battery 1 detected by the voltage detection circuit. When the voltage of any one of the batteries 1 exceeds a preset threshold, the protection circuit 4 determines that the charging / discharging is stopped and switches the switching element 2 to the off state. When the voltage of the discharged battery 1 becomes lower than the minimum threshold, the protection circuit 4 switches the discharge switch 11 to an off state to stop the discharge and prevent the battery 1 from being overdischarged. Further, when the voltage of the battery 1 being charged becomes higher than the maximum threshold value, the charging switch 12 is switched to an off state to stop the charging and prevent the battery 1 from being overcharged.
  • the protection circuit can also determine the battery charge / discharge stop state by detecting the battery temperature, for example, the temperature of the battery at the highest temperature.
  • the battery pack having a protection circuit that detects the battery temperature and determines the charge / discharge stop state of the battery has a temperature sensor disposed in the battery block in a thermally coupled state, and the protection circuit detects from the signal from the temperature sensor. The battery temperature is detected, and the charge / discharge stop state of the battery is determined. When the battery temperature becomes higher than the maximum threshold value or lower than the minimum threshold value, the protection circuit determines that the charge / discharge state is stopped and switches the switching element to the off state to protect the battery.
  • the protection element 3 is an element that cuts off the current when an overcurrent flows through the battery 1 or cuts off the current when the battery 1 is heated to an abnormal temperature.
  • a protective element a breaker, a PTC, a fuse or the like can be used.
  • the protective element 3 in the figure is a breaker.
  • the protection element 3 that is a breaker is connected in series to the battery 1 and protects the battery 1 by interrupting current in a state where the temperature of the battery 1 is abnormally high.
  • the breaker may have a plate-like structure including lead plates protruding from both ends of the rectangular main body. This breaker can be connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery 1 via a connection lead plate connected to a pair of lead plates.
  • the protective element 3 is disposed in a thermally coupled state to the battery 1.
  • the protection element 3 quickly detects the temperature of the thermally coupled battery 1 and cuts off the current flowing through the battery 1 when the battery temperature is abnormally high.
  • the protection element 3 is preferably thermally coupled to the plurality of batteries 1.
  • the protection elements 3 connected in the middle of the batteries 1 connected in series with each other can be thermally coupled by coupling these batteries 1.
  • the protective element 3 can be connected to the plurality of batteries 1 in a thermally coupled state via, for example, a heat conductive resin.
  • the protection element 3 connected in the middle of the battery 1 can also be thermally coupled by being connected through a metal connecting member such as a lead plate that connects the battery 1 in series.
  • the number of protection elements 3 is smaller than the number of series connection of batteries 1 in order to reduce the number of protection elements 3 connected to the battery 1.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 1 includes one protective element 3 because two batteries 1 are connected in series.
  • the connection position of the protection element 3 is made a unique position in order to reliably protect the battery 1 at the time of abnormality while reducing the number of the protection elements 3.
  • the protection element 3 is connected to the second output side battery 1X connected to the second output side which is the output side opposite to the first output side to which the switching element 2 is connected. Connected.
  • the positive output side of the battery block 10 is the second output side, and the battery 1 connected to the most positive output side. Is the second output battery 1X.
  • the protection element 3 connected to the second output side battery 1X has a connection point 7 between an intermediate detection line 5 connected between the second output side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto. It is connected to the second output side which is the plus output side.
  • the protection element 3 connected to this position is connected to the battery block 10 more than the connection point 7 of the detection line 5 in a state where an overcurrent flows through the battery 1 or in a state where the temperature of the thermally coupled battery 1 is abnormally high.
  • the battery 1 can be protected by interrupting the current flowing to the second output side.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 1 includes a connection point 7 between the second output-side battery 1X and the intermediate detection line 5 connected between the second output-side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series to the second output-side battery 1X.
  • a protective element 3 is connected between them.
  • the protection element 3 connected to this position is connected in a thermally coupled state to the second output-side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto.
  • This structure is characterized in that the protective element 3 connected between the batteries 1 connected in series with each other can be arranged ideally in a thermally coupled state with respect to both the batteries 1.
  • the battery pack can also be connected to the second output side of the second output side battery 1X as shown by the chain line in FIG.
  • the protective element 3 connected to this position is preferably arranged in a thermally coupled state to the second output side battery 1X, or is thermally coupled to the second output side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto. It can also be arranged in a state.
  • Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the state where the above battery pack protects the battery by cutting off the current in the event of an abnormality.
  • 2 and 3 show a state in which the conductive portions of the intermediate detection line 5 and the output detection line 6 are short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4, respectively.
  • FIG. 2 shows a state where an abnormality occurs in which the terminal a to which the first output detection line 6A is connected and the terminal d to which the intermediate detection line 5 is connected are short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4.
  • the second output side battery 1X, the first output detection line 6A, the short circuit portion 14 in the protection circuit 4, and the intermediate detection The line 5 forms a loop-like short circuit.
  • the protection element 3 connected to the second output side of the connection part 7 of the intermediate detection line 5 operates to cut off the current, so that the battery 1 is protected.
  • the battery 1 on the first output side As shown by the thick line B in the figure, the battery 1 on the first output side, the intermediate detection line 5, the short circuit portion 14 in the protection circuit 4, and the first output detection.
  • the line 6A forms a circuit for conducting the positive and negative output terminals 8. At this time, the switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off to cut off the current. Battery 1 is protected
  • FIG. 3 shows a state where an abnormality occurs in which the terminal c to which the third output detection line 6C is connected and the terminal d to which the intermediate detection line 5 is connected are short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4.
  • the third output detection line 6C, the short circuit portion 15 in the protection circuit 4, the intermediate detection line 5, and the second output side The battery 1X forms a circuit that makes the positive and negative output terminals 8 conductive.
  • the protection element 3 connected to the second output side rather than the connection portion 7 of the intermediate detection line 5 operates to generate a current. Since it cuts off, the battery 1 is protected.
  • the battery 1 on the first output side, the intermediate detection line 5, the short-circuit portion 15 in the protection circuit 4, and the third output detection A loop-like short circuit is formed by the line 6C.
  • the switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off to interrupt the current, and the battery 1 Protected
  • the battery pack described above has the negative output side of the battery block 10 as the first output side, and the negative output side of the battery block 10 includes a charge switch 12 made of an FET that controls the charging current of the battery 1 as the switching element 2.
  • a discharge switch 11 comprising an FET for controlling the discharge current of the battery 1 is connected.
  • This structure has a feature that a gate voltage can be applied while simplifying the circuit configuration because an n-type FET can be used as the FET constituting the switching element 2.
  • the battery pack can have the positive output side of the battery block 10 as the first output side.
  • the negative output side of the battery block 10 is the second output side
  • the battery 1 connected to the most negative output side is the second output side battery 1X
  • the protection element 3 is connected to the second output side battery 1X. Is connected.
  • the protection element 3 connected to the second output side battery 1X has a connection point 7 between an intermediate detection line 5 connected between the second output side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto. It is connected to the second output side, which is the minus output side.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 4 includes a connection point 7 between the second output battery 1X and the intermediate detection line 5 connected between the battery 1 connected in series with the second output battery 1X and the second output battery 1X.
  • a protective element 3 is connected between them.
  • the protection element 3 connected to this position is connected in a thermally coupled state to the second output-side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto.
  • this battery pack can also be connected to the second output side of the second output side battery 1X as shown by the chain line in the figure.
  • the protective element 3 connected to this position is preferably arranged in a thermally coupled state to the second output side battery 1X, or is thermally coupled to the second output side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto. It can also be arranged in a state.
  • a charge switch 12 made of an FET for controlling the charge current of the battery 1 as a switching element 2 and a discharge switch 11 made of an FET for controlling the discharge current of the battery 1 are provided. Connected.
  • a p-type FET is used as the FET constituting the switching element 2.
  • the above battery pack also protects the battery 1 by interrupting the current in the protection circuit 4 in the event of an abnormality in which the conductive portions of the intermediate detection line 5 and the output detection line 6 are short-circuited.
  • this battery pack as indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 4, there is an abnormality that the terminal c to which the third output detection line 6 ⁇ / b> C is connected and the terminal d to which the intermediate detection line 5 is connected are short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4.
  • the battery 1 on the first output side which is the positive output side of the battery block 10
  • the third output detection line 6 ⁇ / b> C the short-circuit portion 16 in the protection circuit 4, and the intermediate detection line 5.
  • a loop-like short circuit is formed.
  • the switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off, whereby the current is interrupted and the battery 1 is protected.
  • the second output side which is the negative output side of the battery block 10
  • the second output side battery 1X, the intermediate detection line 5, the short-circuit portion 16 in the protection circuit 4, and the first output detection line 6A make positive and negative.
  • a circuit for conducting the output terminal 8 is formed. At this time, since the protection element 3 connected to the second output side from the connection portion 7 of the intermediate detection line 5 operates to cut off the current, the battery 1 Protected.
  • the terminal b to which the second output detection line 6 ⁇ / b> B is connected and the terminal d to which the intermediate detection line 5 is connected are short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4.
  • the second output detection line 6B, the short-circuit portion 16 in the protection circuit 4, the intermediate detection line 5, and the first output side of the battery block 10 on the first output side which is the positive output side The battery 1 forms a circuit that makes the positive and negative output terminals 8 conductive.
  • the switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off to interrupt the current.
  • the battery 1 is protected.
  • the second output side which is the negative output side of the battery block 10
  • the second output side battery 1X, the intermediate detection line 5, the short-circuit portion 16 in the protection circuit 4, and the second output detection line 6B are positive and negative.
  • a circuit for conducting the output terminal 8 is formed.
  • the battery pack can include three or more batteries 1 connected in series and two or more protection elements 3.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 5 has three batteries 1 connected in series, and the battery pack of FIG. 6 has four batteries 1 connected in series.
  • the battery pack of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 includes two protection elements 3, and the number of protection elements 3 is smaller than the number of batteries 1 connected in series.
  • the switching element 2 is connected to the first output side which is the negative output side of the battery block 10, and the positive output side of the battery block 10 is set as the second output side.
  • the battery 1 connected to the most positive output side is the second output side battery 1X
  • one of the protection elements 3 is used as the main protection element 3X on the second output side battery 1X.
  • the remaining protective elements 3 are connected to the first output side as the sub protective element 3Y rather than the battery 1 connected in series to the second output side battery 1X.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 5 has a main protection element 3X connected between the second output side battery 1X and the intermediate battery 1 among the three batteries 1 connected in series.
  • the sub-protective element 3Y is connected to the battery 1 connected to the output side.
  • the main protection element 3X is thermally coupled to the second output side battery 1X and the intermediate battery 1
  • the sub protection element 3Y is thermally coupled to the intermediate battery 1 and the first output side battery 1. I am letting.
  • at least one of the main protection element 3X and the sub protection element 3Y operates to cut off the current. The battery 1 is protected.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 5 connects the main protection element 3X connected to the second output side battery 1X between the connection point 7 to which the intermediate detection line 5 is connected.
  • the element 3X can also be connected to the output side of the second output side battery 1X as indicated by the chain line in the figure.
  • the main protection element 3X can be thermally coupled only to the second output side battery 1X.
  • the sub protection element 3Y thermally coupled to the two batteries 1 on the first output side is connected to the first output side of the intermediate battery 1, and the intermediate detection line 5.
  • Connected to the connection point 7 to which the sub-protection element 3Y is connected to the connection point 7 side of the battery 1 on the first output side as shown by the chain line in the figure. It can also be connected to the output side of the battery 1 on the first output side.
  • the main protection element 3X is thermally coupled to all the batteries 1, the sub protection element 3Y is not always necessary.
  • the battery pack of this structure also protects the battery 1 by interrupting the current in the protection circuit 4 in the event of an abnormality in which the conductive portions of the intermediate detection line 5 and the output detection line 6 are short-circuited.
  • This battery pack has one of a terminal a connected to the first output detection line 6A and a terminal c connected to the third output detection line 6C, and a terminal d or a terminal e connected to the intermediate detection line 5.
  • the main protection element 3X connected to the second output side battery 1X cuts off the current flowing to the second output side of the battery block 10
  • the switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off to cut off the current flowing to the second output side of the battery block 10 to protect the battery 1.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 6 has a main protection element 3X connected between two batteries 1 connected to the second output side among four batteries 1 connected in series, and the first The sub protection element 3Y is connected between the two batteries 1 connected to the output side.
  • the main protection element 3X is thermally coupled to the two batteries 1 on the second output side
  • the sub protection element 3Y is thermally coupled to the two batteries 1 on the first output side.
  • the protection element 3 of the main protection element 3X or the sub protection element 3Y operates to cut off the current.
  • the battery 1 is protected.
  • the battery pack having this structure is provided with two protection elements 3 for four batteries 1, thereby most efficiently detecting that any one of the batteries 1 rises to an abnormal temperature, The battery 1 can be protected by blocking.
  • the battery pack shown in FIG. 6 includes one sub protection element 3Y on the first output side of the battery 1 connected in series to the second output side battery 1X.
  • the battery pack can also include two sub protection elements.
  • the sub protection element can be connected between the batteries connected in series with each other, or one of the sub protection elements can be connected to the output side of the battery arranged on the first output side. .
  • the main protection element 3X is thermally coupled to all the batteries 1, the sub protection element 3Y is not always necessary.
  • the battery pack of this structure also protects the battery 1 by interrupting the current in the protection circuit 4 in the event of an abnormality in which the conductive portions of the intermediate detection line 5 and the output detection line 6 are short-circuited.
  • This battery pack has one of a terminal a connected to the first output detection line 6A and a terminal c connected to the third output detection line 6C, and a terminal d to a terminal f connected to the intermediate detection line 5.
  • the present invention is a battery pack in which a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable batteries are connected in series, and a protection element that detects battery temperature and cuts off current is connected to the battery. It is suitably used for required battery packs, for example, battery packs for AV equipment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

This purpose of the present invention is to reduce the number of protective elements to be connected to batteries, which are connected in series, in order to lower the production cost while ensuring that the current is shut off during an anomaly to protect the batteries. This battery pack comprises: a battery block (10) wherein a plurality of batteries (1) are connected in series; a switching element (2) connected on an output side of battery block (10); a protection circuit (4) using an intermediate detection line (5) connected between each of the batteries (1) to detect the voltage of each of the batteries (1) and control the switching element (2); and a protective element (3) connected in series to the batteries (1) for shutting off the current when the battery temperature becomes higher than a set temperature. The switching element (2) is connected to a first output side of the battery block (10). The number of protective elements (3) is fewer than the number of batteries (1) connected in series. One among the protective elements (3) is connected to a second output side battery (1X) that is connected to a second output side. This protective element (3) is connected more to the second output side than a connection point (7) where the intermediate detection line (5) is connected, the intermediate detection line (5) being between the second output side battery (1X) and the battery (1) connected in series thereto.

Description

電池パックBattery pack
　本発明は、複数の充放電できる電池を備えて、これ等の電池を直列に接続してなる電池パックに関し、とくに、電池温度を検出して電流を遮断する保護素子を電池に接続してなる電池パックに関する。 The present invention relates to a battery pack comprising a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable batteries and connecting these batteries in series, and in particular, a protection element that detects battery temperature and cuts off current is connected to the battery. It relates to a battery pack.
　近年、各種電子機器に使用される電池パックとして、高出力で小型化されたものが求められている。このような電池パックは、複数の電池を備えて、これ等の電池を直列に接続することで出力電圧を高くしている。さらに、電池パックは、電池温度を検出して電流を遮断する保護素子を電池に接続することで、過電流が流れる状態や異常な温度に加熱された状態では電流を遮断して電池を保護できる。 In recent years, battery packs used in various electronic devices have been required to be high output and downsized. Such a battery pack includes a plurality of batteries and increases the output voltage by connecting these batteries in series. Furthermore, the battery pack can protect the battery by cutting off the current in a state where an overcurrent flows or when it is heated to an abnormal temperature by connecting a protection element that detects the battery temperature and cuts off the current to the battery. .
　複数の充放電できる電池を備えると共に、これらの電池を直列に接続してなる従来の電池パックの一例を図７に示す。この図に示す電池パックは、２個の電池９１を直列に接続すると共に、各々の電池９１には保護素子９３を直列に接続している。この電池パックは、２個の電池９１を直列に接続することで出力電圧を高くしながら、それぞれの電池９１に接続された保護素子９３で各電池９１を保護している。この電池パックは、いずれかの電池９１に過電流が流れたり、いずれかの電池９１が異常な温度に加熱されると、この電池９１に直列接続された保護素子９３が電流を遮断して電池９１を確実に保護できる。また、この電池パックは、直列接続された２個の電池９１の中間接続点に中間電位を検出するための検出ライン９５を接続している。この電池パックは、保護回路９４が個々の電池９１の電圧を検出しながら監視することで、電池９１の過充電や過放電を確実に防止して電池９１を保護できる。（特許文献１参照） FIG. 7 shows an example of a conventional battery pack that is provided with a plurality of batteries that can be charged and discharged, and in which these batteries are connected in series. In the battery pack shown in this figure, two batteries 91 are connected in series, and a protection element 93 is connected to each battery 91 in series. This battery pack protects each battery 91 with a protective element 93 connected to each battery 91 while increasing the output voltage by connecting two batteries 91 in series. In this battery pack, when an overcurrent flows in any of the batteries 91 or when any of the batteries 91 is heated to an abnormal temperature, the protection element 93 connected in series to the battery 91 cuts off the current and 91 can be reliably protected. In this battery pack, a detection line 95 for detecting an intermediate potential is connected to an intermediate connection point between two batteries 91 connected in series. This battery pack can protect the battery 91 by reliably preventing overcharge and overdischarge of the battery 91 by monitoring while the protection circuit 94 detects the voltage of each battery 91. (See Patent Document 1)
特開２００４－２４７１９８号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-247198
　ただ、以上の電池パックは、電池毎に保護素子を接続するので、部品点数が多くなり、製造コストが高くなって低コストに製造できない問題がある。また、この電池パックは、電池毎に接続される保護素子を配置するスペースを確保する必要があり、電池パックの形状や大きさに制約を受けることがある。電池パックは、小型化や低コスト化が切望されており、このような観点からも、電池パックに内蔵される保護素子の数を低減させることが求められている。 However, the above battery pack has a problem that the protective element is connected to each battery, so that the number of parts increases, the manufacturing cost increases, and it cannot be manufactured at a low cost. Further, this battery pack needs to secure a space for arranging a protection element connected to each battery, and may be restricted by the shape and size of the battery pack. The battery pack is desired to be reduced in size and cost, and from this point of view, it is required to reduce the number of protective elements incorporated in the battery pack.
　ここで、図７に示す従来の電池パックにおいて、保護素子９３の数を削減するために、例えば、右側の電池９１に接続された保護素子９３を省略する場合を考える。この場合、直列接続された２個の電池９１に過電流が流れる状態では、左側の電池９１に接続された保護素子９３が動作することにより、出力電流を遮断して電池９１を保護することができる。また、この保護素子９３を２個の電池９１に熱結合させることで、いずれかの電池９１が異常な温度に加熱される状態においても、保護素子９３を動作させて出力電流を遮断し、電池９１を保護することができる。しかしながら、右側の電池９１に接続された保護素子９３を省略した状態で、保護回路９４内において検出ライン９５に接続された導電部が短絡し、右側の電池９１を含む短絡回路が発生すると、右側の電池９１に流れる電流を遮断することができず、この電池９１を保護できなくなる。　 Here, in the conventional battery pack shown in FIG. 7, in order to reduce the number of protection elements 93, for example, a case where the protection element 93 connected to the right battery 91 is omitted is considered. In this case, in the state where the overcurrent flows through the two batteries 91 connected in series, the protection element 93 connected to the battery 91 on the left side operates to protect the battery 91 by cutting off the output current. it can. In addition, by thermally coupling the protection element 93 to the two batteries 91, even when any one of the batteries 91 is heated to an abnormal temperature, the protection element 93 is operated to cut off the output current, and the battery 91 can be protected. However, in a state where the protective element 93 connected to the right battery 91 is omitted, the conductive portion connected to the detection line 95 in the protective circuit 94 is short-circuited, and a short circuit including the right battery 91 is generated. The current flowing through the battery 91 cannot be cut off, and the battery 91 cannot be protected. *
　本発明は、以上の欠点を解決することを目的に開発されたものである。本発明の重要な目的は、複数の電池を直列に接続しながら、電池に接続する保護素子の数を低減して安価に多量生産できると共に、電池の異常時において、確実に電流を遮断して電池を保護できる電池パックを提供することにある。 The present invention was developed for the purpose of solving the above drawbacks. An important object of the present invention is to reduce the number of protective elements connected to the battery while connecting a plurality of batteries in series, and to mass-produce it at low cost, and to reliably cut off the current when the battery is abnormal. The object is to provide a battery pack capable of protecting a battery.
課題を解決するための手段及び発明の効果Means for Solving the Problems and Effects of the Invention
　本発明の電池パックは、複数の充放電できる電池１を直列に接続してなる電池ブロック１０と、電池ブロック１０の出力側に直列に接続してなるスイッチング素子２と、電池ブロック１０を構成してなる各電池１間に接続された中間検出ライン５で検出される中間電位から各電池１の電圧を検出してスイッチング素子２をオンオフに制御する保護回路４と、電池ブロック１０を構成してなる電池１と直列に接続されて、接続している電池１の温度が設定温度よりも高くなると電流を遮断する保護素子３とを備えている。スイッチング素子２は、電池ブロック１０のプラス出力側又はマイナス出力側の何れか一方である第１の出力側に接続されている。保護素子３の個数は、電池１の直列接続数よりも少なく、保護素子３のひとつは、スイッチング素子２を接続してなる第１の出力側と反対側の出力側である第２の出力側に接続してなる第２出力側電池１Ｘに接続されている。第２出力側電池１Ｘに接続してなる保護素子３は、第２出力側電池１Ｘとこれに直列に接続してなる電池１との間に接続された中間検出ライン５との接続点７よりも第２出力側に接続されている。 The battery pack of the present invention comprises a battery block 10 formed by connecting a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable batteries 1 in series, a switching element 2 connected in series on the output side of the battery block 10, and a battery block 10. A protection circuit 4 for detecting the voltage of each battery 1 from an intermediate potential detected by an intermediate detection line 5 connected between the batteries 1 and controlling the switching element 2 on and off, and a battery block 10. And a protective element 3 that is connected in series with the battery 1 and that cuts off the current when the temperature of the connected battery 1 becomes higher than a set temperature. The switching element 2 is connected to the first output side that is either the positive output side or the negative output side of the battery block 10. The number of protection elements 3 is less than the number of series-connected batteries 1, and one of the protection elements 3 is a second output side that is the output side opposite to the first output side formed by connecting the switching element 2. Is connected to the second output side battery 1X. The protective element 3 connected to the second output side battery 1X is connected to the intermediate detection line 5 connected between the second output side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series with the second output side battery 1X. Is also connected to the second output side.
　本発明の電池パックは、複数の電池を直列に接続しながら、保護素子の数を低減して安価に多量生産できると共に、電池の異常時において、確実に電流を遮断して電池を保護できる特徴がある。それは、本発明の電池パックが、スイッチング素子を電池ブロックの第１の出力側に接続すると共に、保護素子の個数を電池の直列接続数よりも少なくして、保護素子のひとつを、電池ブロックの第２の出力側に接続してなる第２出力側電池に接続しており、第２出力側電池に接続される保護素子を、第２出力側電池とこれに直列に接続してなる電池との間に接続された中間検出ラインとの接続点よりも第２出力側に接続しているからである。この電池パックは、保護回路内にて中間検出ラインに接続された導電部が短絡する異常時において、第１の出力側に接続された電池の電流をスイッチング素子で遮断し、あるいは、第２の出力側に接続された第２出力側電池の電流を、第２出力側電池に接続された保護素子で遮断する。このため、電池に接続する保護素子の数を削減して製造コストを低減しながら、電池の異常時において、確実に電流を遮断して電池を保護できる特徴が実現できる。 The battery pack of the present invention is capable of mass production at a low cost by reducing the number of protection elements while connecting a plurality of batteries in series, and can reliably protect the battery by interrupting the current when the battery is abnormal. There is. In the battery pack of the present invention, the switching element is connected to the first output side of the battery block, and the number of protection elements is less than the number of series connection of the batteries. A second output-side battery connected to the second output-side battery, and a protection element connected to the second output-side battery, a second output-side battery and a battery connected in series with the second output-side battery; This is because it is connected to the second output side rather than the connection point with the intermediate detection line connected between the two. In this battery pack, the current of the battery connected to the first output side is interrupted by the switching element at the time of an abnormality in which the conductive portion connected to the intermediate detection line is short-circuited in the protection circuit, or the second The current of the second output side battery connected to the output side is interrupted by the protection element connected to the second output side battery. For this reason, the feature which can cut off current reliably and can protect a battery at the time of abnormality of a battery, reducing the number of protection elements connected to a battery and reducing manufacturing cost is realizable.
　本発明の電池パックは、第２出力側電池１Ｘに接続してなる保護素子３を、第２出力側電池１Ｘとこれに直列に接続してなる電池１との間に接続された中間検出ライン５との接続点７と第２出力側電池１Ｘとの間に接続することができる。 The battery pack of the present invention has an intermediate detection line in which a protective element 3 connected to the second output battery 1X is connected between the second output battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series with the second output battery 1X. 5 and the second output side battery 1X can be connected.
　上記構成によれば、第２出力側電池とこれに直列接続される電池とのカップリングを容易にして、これ等の電池を保護素子に容易に熱結合でき、第２出力側電池に接続される保護素子でもって、第２出力側電池とこれに直列接続される電池の両方を理想的に保護できる。 According to the above configuration, the coupling between the second output side battery and the battery connected in series with the second output side battery is facilitated, and these batteries can be easily thermally coupled to the protection element and connected to the second output side battery. With this protective element, both the second output side battery and the battery connected in series can be ideally protected.
　本発明の電池パックは、電池ブロック１０が２個の電池１を直列に接続しており、２個の電池１の間に接続された中間検出ライン５との接続点７よりも第２出力側に１個の保護素子３を接続することができる。 In the battery pack of the present invention, the battery block 10 connects two batteries 1 in series, and the second output side from the connection point 7 with the intermediate detection line 5 connected between the two batteries 1. A single protection element 3 can be connected to each other.
　上記構成によれば、２個の電池を直列接続しながら、１個の保護素子を使用して確実に電池を保護できる。それは、異常時において、第１の出力側の電流をスイッチング素子で遮断し、あるいは、第２の出力側の電流を、第２出力側電池に接続された保護素子で遮断するからである。 According to the above configuration, the battery can be reliably protected using one protective element while connecting the two batteries in series. This is because the current on the first output side is interrupted by the switching element or the current on the second output side is interrupted by the protection element connected to the second output side battery at the time of abnormality.
　本発明の電池パックは、電池ブロック１０が３個以上の電池１を直列に接続すると共に、保護素子３を２個以上備えることができる。保護素子３のひとつはメイン保護素子３Ｘとして第２出力側電池１Ｘに接続し、保護素子３の残りは、サブ保護素子３Ｙとして第２出力側電池１Ｘに直列に接続してなる電池１よりも第１出力側に接続することができる。 In the battery pack of the present invention, the battery block 10 can connect three or more batteries 1 in series, and can include two or more protective elements 3. One of the protection elements 3 is connected to the second output side battery 1X as the main protection element 3X, and the rest of the protection elements 3 is connected to the second output side battery 1X as the sub protection element 3Y in series with the battery 1. It can be connected to the first output side.
　上記構成によれば、３個以上の電池を直列接続しながら、異常時においては、第１の出力側の電流をスイッチング素子で遮断し、あるいは、第２の出力側の電流を、第２出力側電池に接続されたメイン保護素子で遮断し、あるいはまた、第２出力側電池に直列接続される電池よりも第１の出力側に接続される電池を、これに接続されるサブ保護素子で遮断して電池を保護できる。 According to the above configuration, the current on the first output side is interrupted by the switching element or the current on the second output side is output to the second output in an abnormal state while three or more batteries are connected in series. The battery connected to the first output side rather than the battery connected in series to the second output side battery is blocked by the main protection element connected to the side battery by the sub protection element connected thereto. Shut off to protect the battery.
　本発明の電池パックは、第１の出力側を電池ブロック１０のマイナス側とすることができる。上記構成によれば、第１の出力側を電池ブロックのマイナス側とするので、第１の出力側に配置されるスイッチング素子の制御を簡単にできる特徴がある。 In the battery pack of the present invention, the first output side can be the negative side of the battery block 10. According to the above configuration, since the first output side is the negative side of the battery block, there is a feature that the control of the switching element arranged on the first output side can be simplified.
　本発明の電池パックは、保護素子３を、ブレーカとＰＴＣとヒューズの何れかとして、電池１に熱結合状態で配置することができる。 In the battery pack of the present invention, the protection element 3 can be disposed in a thermally coupled state to the battery 1 as any one of a breaker, a PTC, and a fuse.
　本発明の電池パックは、保護素子３を複数の電池１に熱結合状態に配置することができる。上記構成によれば、保護素子を複数の電池に熱結合状態に配置するので、複数の電池の温度異常をこれ等の電池に熱結合された保護素子で検出して保護できる。この構造は、保護素子の数を低減しながら、電池の温度異常を確実に検出して電池を保護できる。 In the battery pack of the present invention, the protection element 3 can be arranged in a thermally coupled state to the plurality of batteries 1. According to the above configuration, since the protection elements are arranged in a thermally coupled state to the plurality of batteries, temperature abnormalities of the plurality of batteries can be detected and protected by the protection elements thermally coupled to these batteries. This structure can protect the battery by reliably detecting an abnormal temperature of the battery while reducing the number of protection elements.
　本発明の電池パックは、スイッチング素子２を、電池１の充電電流を制御するＦＥＴからなる充電スイッチ１２と、電池１の放電電流を制御するＦＥＴからなる放電スイッチ１１とで構成することができる。 In the battery pack of the present invention, the switching element 2 can be composed of a charge switch 12 made of an FET for controlling the charge current of the battery 1 and a discharge switch 11 made of an FET for controlling the discharge current of the battery 1.
本発明の一実施例にかかる電池パックの回路図である。It is a circuit diagram of the battery pack concerning one Example of this invention. 図１に示す電池パックの保護回路の短絡状態の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows an example of the short circuit state of the protection circuit of the battery pack shown in FIG. 図１に示す電池パックの保護回路の短絡状態の他の一例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows another example of the short circuit state of the protection circuit of the battery pack shown in FIG. 本発明の他の実施例にかかる電池パックの回路図である。It is a circuit diagram of the battery pack concerning the other Example of this invention. 本発明の他の実施例にかかる電池パックの回路図である。It is a circuit diagram of the battery pack concerning the other Example of this invention. 本発明の他の実施例にかかる電池パックの回路図である。It is a circuit diagram of the battery pack concerning the other Example of this invention. 従来の電池パックのブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the conventional battery pack.
　以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明の技術思想を具体化するための電池パックを例示するものであって、本発明は電池パックを以下のものには特定しない。さらに、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施例の部材に特定するものでは決してない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the example shown below illustrates the battery pack for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify the battery pack as follows. Further, this specification does not limit the members shown in the claims to the members of the embodiments.
　図１に示す電池パックは、複数の充放電できる電池１を直列に接続してなる電池ブロック１０と、この電池ブロック１０の出力側に直列に接続してなるスイッチング素子２と、電池ブロック１０を構成してなる各電池１間に接続された中間検出ライン５で検出される中間電位から各電池１の電圧を検出してスイッチング素子２をオンオフに制御する保護回路４と、電池ブロック１０を構成してなる電池１と直列に接続されて、接続している電池１の温度が設定温度よりも高くなると電流を遮断する保護素子３とを備えている。 The battery pack shown in FIG. 1 includes a battery block 10 formed by connecting a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable batteries 1 in series, a switching element 2 connected in series on the output side of the battery block 10, and a battery block 10. A protection circuit 4 that detects the voltage of each battery 1 from an intermediate potential detected by an intermediate detection line 5 connected between each battery 1 and controls the switching element 2 on and off, and a battery block 10 are configured. And a protection element 3 that is connected in series with the battery 1 and that cuts off the current when the temperature of the connected battery 1 is higher than a set temperature.
（電池１）
　電池１は、充放電できる二次電池である。電池パックは、電池１としてリチウムイオン二次電池を使用している。リチウムイオン二次電池は、容量と重量に対する充放電容量が大きく、電池パックの外形を小さく、また軽量にして充放電容量を大きくできる。ただし、本発明の電池パックは、リチウムイオン二次電池に代わって、他の充放電できる全ての二次電池も使用できる。 (Battery 1)
The battery 1 is a secondary battery that can be charged and discharged. The battery pack uses a lithium ion secondary battery as the battery 1. Lithium ion secondary batteries have a large charge / discharge capacity with respect to capacity and weight, can reduce the outer shape of the battery pack, and can be lightened to increase the charge / discharge capacity. However, the battery pack of the present invention can use all other secondary batteries that can be charged and discharged in place of the lithium ion secondary battery.
（電池ブロック１０）
　電池パックは、複数の電池１を備えており、これ等の電池１を直列に接続して電池ブロック１０としている。図１に示す電池パックは、２個の電池１を直列に接続している。ただ、本発明は、互いに直列に接続する電池の個数を２個には限定せず、３個以上とすることもできる。なお、３個以上の電池を直列接続してなる電池パックについては、詳細には後述する。 (Battery block 10)
The battery pack includes a plurality of batteries 1, and these batteries 1 are connected in series to form a battery block 10. The battery pack shown in FIG. 1 has two batteries 1 connected in series. However, according to the present invention, the number of batteries connected in series with each other is not limited to two, and may be three or more. A battery pack formed by connecting three or more batteries in series will be described later in detail.
（スイッチング素子２）
　スイッチング素子２は、電池ブロック１０のプラス出力側又はマイナス出力側の何れか一方である第１の出力側に接続されている。図１に示す電池パックは、電池ブロック１０のマイナス出力側を第１の出力側としている。ただ、電池パックは、詳細には後述するが、電池ブロック１０のプラス出力側を第１の出力側とすることもできる。 (Switching element 2)
The switching element 2 is connected to the first output side that is either the positive output side or the negative output side of the battery block 10. The battery pack shown in FIG. 1 uses the negative output side of the battery block 10 as the first output side. However, in the battery pack, as will be described in detail later, the positive output side of the battery block 10 may be the first output side.
　図１の電池パックは、スイッチング素子２を、電池１の充放電を制御する充放電スイッチとしている。充放電スイッチであるスイッチング素子２は、放電スイッチ１１と充電スイッチ１２とを直列に接続している。放電スイッチ１１と充電スイッチ１２は、ＦＥＴなどの半導体スイッチング素子である。この電池パックは、電池１の放電を停止するときに放電スイッチ１１をオフ状態に切り換えて、充電を停止するときに充電スイッチ１２をオフ状態に切り換える。電池１を充放電する状態では、放電スイッチ１１と充電スイッチ１２はオン状態に保持される。放電スイッチ１１と充電スイッチ１２は、保護回路４でオンオフに制御される。 In the battery pack of FIG. 1, the switching element 2 is a charge / discharge switch that controls charging / discharging of the battery 1. The switching element 2 that is a charge / discharge switch has a discharge switch 11 and a charge switch 12 connected in series. The discharge switch 11 and the charge switch 12 are semiconductor switching elements such as FETs. In the battery pack, the discharge switch 11 is switched to an off state when the discharge of the battery 1 is stopped, and the charge switch 12 is switched to an off state when charging is stopped. In a state where the battery 1 is charged / discharged, the discharge switch 11 and the charge switch 12 are held in the on state. The discharge switch 11 and the charge switch 12 are controlled to be turned on / off by the protection circuit 4.
（保護回路４）
　保護回路４は、電池１の充放電を停止する充放電停止状態を検出してスイッチング素子２をオフ状態に切り換えて、電池１に流れる充放電電流を遮断する。保護回路４は、直列に接続された各々の電池１の電圧を検出して電池１の充放電停止状態を判定する。この保護回路４は、図示しないが、各々の電池１の電圧を検出する電圧検出回路を備えている。図１の電池パックは、各電池１の電圧を検出するために、直列接続された電池１の間に接続された中間検出ライン５と、電池ブロック１０の正負の出力側に接続された出力検出ライン６とを備えている。中間検出ライン５と出力検出ライン６は、保護回路４に接続されており、検出された電位が保護回路４に入力されている。電圧検出回路は、中間検出ライン５で検出される中間電位と出力検出ライン６で検出される両端電位から各々の電池１の電圧を検出する。 (Protection circuit 4)
The protection circuit 4 detects a charging / discharging stop state in which charging / discharging of the battery 1 is stopped, switches the switching element 2 to an off state, and interrupts the charging / discharging current flowing through the battery 1. The protection circuit 4 detects the voltage of each battery 1 connected in series and determines the charge / discharge stop state of the battery 1. Although not shown, the protection circuit 4 includes a voltage detection circuit that detects the voltage of each battery 1. The battery pack of FIG. 1 detects the voltage of each battery 1, the intermediate detection line 5 connected between the batteries 1 connected in series, and the output detection connected to the positive and negative output sides of the battery block 10. Line 6. The intermediate detection line 5 and the output detection line 6 are connected to the protection circuit 4, and the detected potential is input to the protection circuit 4. The voltage detection circuit detects the voltage of each battery 1 from the intermediate potential detected by the intermediate detection line 5 and the both-end potential detected by the output detection line 6.
　図１に示す電池パックは、２個の電池１を直列に接続しているので、２本の電池１の間に１本の中間検出ライン５を接続している。さらに、図１に示す電池パックは、電池ブロック１０の正負の出力側に３本の出力検出ライン６を接続している。図１の電池パックは、電池ブロック１０のプラス出力側の電位を検出する第１出力検出ライン６Ａと、電池ブロック１０のマイナス出力側の電位を検出する第２出力検出ライン６Ｂと、電池ブロック１０の第１の出力側に配置されたスイッチング素子２の出力側の電位を検出する第３出力検出ライン６Ｃとを備えている。ここで、第１出力検出ライン６Ａと第２出力検出ライン６Ｂは、電池ブロック１０の出力電圧や直列接続された各電池１の電圧を検出するのに使用される。また、第３出力検出ライン６Ｃは、電池パックの出力電圧やスイッチング素子２の動作状態をチェックするのに使用される。 In the battery pack shown in FIG. 1, two batteries 1 are connected in series, and therefore one intermediate detection line 5 is connected between the two batteries 1. Furthermore, the battery pack shown in FIG. 1 has three output detection lines 6 connected to the positive and negative output sides of the battery block 10. The battery pack of FIG. 1 includes a first output detection line 6A that detects a potential on the positive output side of the battery block 10, a second output detection line 6B that detects a potential on the negative output side of the battery block 10, and the battery block 10. And a third output detection line 6C for detecting the potential on the output side of the switching element 2 arranged on the first output side. Here, the first output detection line 6A and the second output detection line 6B are used to detect the output voltage of the battery block 10 and the voltage of each battery 1 connected in series. The third output detection line 6C is used for checking the output voltage of the battery pack and the operating state of the switching element 2.
　保護回路４は、電圧検出回路で検出される各々の電池１の電圧から電池１の充放電停止状態を判定する。この保護回路４は、何れかの電池１の電圧が、あらかじめ設定している閾値を越えると充放電停止状態と判定してスイッチング素子２をオフ状態に切り換える。保護回路４は、放電している電池１の電圧が最低閾値よりも低くなると、放電スイッチ１１をオフ状態に切り換えて放電を停止して電池１の過放電を防止する。また、充電している電池１の電圧が最高閾値よりも高くなると、充電スイッチ１２をオフ状態に切り換えて充電を停止して電池１の過充電を防止する。 The protection circuit 4 determines the charge / discharge stop state of the battery 1 from the voltage of each battery 1 detected by the voltage detection circuit. When the voltage of any one of the batteries 1 exceeds a preset threshold, the protection circuit 4 determines that the charging / discharging is stopped and switches the switching element 2 to the off state. When the voltage of the discharged battery 1 becomes lower than the minimum threshold, the protection circuit 4 switches the discharge switch 11 to an off state to stop the discharge and prevent the battery 1 from being overdischarged. Further, when the voltage of the battery 1 being charged becomes higher than the maximum threshold value, the charging switch 12 is switched to an off state to stop the charging and prevent the battery 1 from being overcharged.
　さらに、保護回路は、電池温度、例えば最も高温になる電池の温度を検出して電池の充放電停止状態を判定することもできる。電池温度を検出して電池の充放電停止状態を判定する保護回路を備える電池パックは、図示しないが、電池ブロックに温度センサを熱結合状態で配置すると共に、保護回路が温度センサからの信号から電池温度を検出して、電池の充放電停止状態を判定する。この保護回路は、電池温度が最高閾値よりも高くなり、あるいは最低閾値よりも低くなると充放電停止状態と判定して、スイッチング素子をオフ状態に切り換えて電池を保護する。 Furthermore, the protection circuit can also determine the battery charge / discharge stop state by detecting the battery temperature, for example, the temperature of the battery at the highest temperature. Although not shown, the battery pack having a protection circuit that detects the battery temperature and determines the charge / discharge stop state of the battery has a temperature sensor disposed in the battery block in a thermally coupled state, and the protection circuit detects from the signal from the temperature sensor. The battery temperature is detected, and the charge / discharge stop state of the battery is determined. When the battery temperature becomes higher than the maximum threshold value or lower than the minimum threshold value, the protection circuit determines that the charge / discharge state is stopped and switches the switching element to the off state to protect the battery.
（保護素子３）
　保護素子３は、電池１に過電流が流れると電流を遮断し、あるいは電池１が異常な温度に加熱されると電流を遮断する素子である。このような保護素子として、ブレーカやＰＴＣ、ヒューズ等が使用できる。図の保護素子３はブレーカとしている。ブレーカである保護素子３は、電池１に直列に接続されて、電池１の温度が異常に高くなる状態で電流を遮断して電池１を保護する。ブレーカは、図示しないが、板状として、四角形の本体部の両端から突出するリード板を備える構造とすることができる。このブレーカは、一対のリード板に接続された接続リード板を介して電池１の正負の電極に接続することができる。 (Protective element 3)
The protection element 3 is an element that cuts off the current when an overcurrent flows through the battery 1 or cuts off the current when the battery 1 is heated to an abnormal temperature. As such a protective element, a breaker, a PTC, a fuse or the like can be used. The protective element 3 in the figure is a breaker. The protection element 3 that is a breaker is connected in series to the battery 1 and protects the battery 1 by interrupting current in a state where the temperature of the battery 1 is abnormally high. Although not shown in the drawings, the breaker may have a plate-like structure including lead plates protruding from both ends of the rectangular main body. This breaker can be connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery 1 via a connection lead plate connected to a pair of lead plates.
　保護素子３は、電池１に熱結合状態で配置される。この保護素子３は、熱結合された電池１の温度を速やかに検出して、電池温度が異常に高くなる状態では電池１に流れる電流を遮断する。さらに、保護素子３は、好ましくは複数の電池１に熱結合させる。例えば、互いに直列に接続される電池１の中間に接続される保護素子３は、これ等の電池１をカップリングさせて熱結合させることができる。保護素子３は、例えば、熱伝導樹脂を介して複数の電池１に熱結合状態で連結することができる。また、電池１の中間に接続される保護素子３は、電池１を直列に接続するリード板等の金属製の接続部材を介して接続することで熱結合させることもできる。 The protective element 3 is disposed in a thermally coupled state to the battery 1. The protection element 3 quickly detects the temperature of the thermally coupled battery 1 and cuts off the current flowing through the battery 1 when the battery temperature is abnormally high. Furthermore, the protection element 3 is preferably thermally coupled to the plurality of batteries 1. For example, the protection elements 3 connected in the middle of the batteries 1 connected in series with each other can be thermally coupled by coupling these batteries 1. The protective element 3 can be connected to the plurality of batteries 1 in a thermally coupled state via, for example, a heat conductive resin. Moreover, the protection element 3 connected in the middle of the battery 1 can also be thermally coupled by being connected through a metal connecting member such as a lead plate that connects the battery 1 in series.
　本発明の電池パックは、電池１に接続する保護素子３の数を削減するために、保護素子３の個数を電池１の直列接続数よりも少なくしている。図１に示す電池パックは、２個の電池１を直列に接続しているので、１個の保護素子３を備えている。さらに、本発明の電池パックは、保護素子３の数を削減しながら、異常時において電池１を確実に保護するために、保護素子３の接続位置を独特の位置としている。本発明の電池パックは、保護素子３を、スイッチング素子２を接続してなる第１の出力側と反対側の出力側である第２の出力側に接続してなる第２出力側電池１Ｘに接続している。図１に示す電池パックは、電池ブロック１０のマイナス出力側を第１の出力側とするので、電池ブロック１０のプラス出力側を第２の出力側として、最もプラス出力側に接続される電池１を第２出力側電池１Ｘとしている。さらに、第２出力側電池１Ｘに接続される保護素子３は、第２出力側電池１Ｘとこれに直列に接続してなる電池１との間に接続された中間検出ライン５との接続点７よりもプラス出力側である第２の出力側に接続している。この位置に接続される保護素子３は、電池１に過電流が流れる状態や、熱結合された電池１の温度が異常に高くなる状態において、検出ライン５の接続点７よりも電池ブロック１０の第２の出力側に流れる電流を遮断して電池１を保護できる。 In the battery pack of the present invention, the number of protection elements 3 is smaller than the number of series connection of batteries 1 in order to reduce the number of protection elements 3 connected to the battery 1. The battery pack shown in FIG. 1 includes one protective element 3 because two batteries 1 are connected in series. Furthermore, in the battery pack of the present invention, the connection position of the protection element 3 is made a unique position in order to reliably protect the battery 1 at the time of abnormality while reducing the number of the protection elements 3. In the battery pack of the present invention, the protection element 3 is connected to the second output side battery 1X connected to the second output side which is the output side opposite to the first output side to which the switching element 2 is connected. Connected. In the battery pack shown in FIG. 1, since the negative output side of the battery block 10 is the first output side, the positive output side of the battery block 10 is the second output side, and the battery 1 connected to the most positive output side. Is the second output battery 1X. Further, the protection element 3 connected to the second output side battery 1X has a connection point 7 between an intermediate detection line 5 connected between the second output side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto. It is connected to the second output side which is the plus output side. The protection element 3 connected to this position is connected to the battery block 10 more than the connection point 7 of the detection line 5 in a state where an overcurrent flows through the battery 1 or in a state where the temperature of the thermally coupled battery 1 is abnormally high. The battery 1 can be protected by interrupting the current flowing to the second output side.
　図１に示す電池パックは、第２出力側電池１Ｘとこれに直列に接続してなる電池１との間に接続された中間検出ライン５との接続点７と第２出力側電池１Ｘとの間に保護素子３を接続している。この位置に接続される保護素子３は、第２出力側電池１Ｘとこれに直列に接続してなる電池１とに熱結合状態で接続される。この構造は、互いに直列接続される電池１の間に接続される保護素子３を、両方の電池１に対して理想的に熱結合状態で配置できる特徴がある。 The battery pack shown in FIG. 1 includes a connection point 7 between the second output-side battery 1X and the intermediate detection line 5 connected between the second output-side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series to the second output-side battery 1X. A protective element 3 is connected between them. The protection element 3 connected to this position is connected in a thermally coupled state to the second output-side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto. This structure is characterized in that the protective element 3 connected between the batteries 1 connected in series with each other can be arranged ideally in a thermally coupled state with respect to both the batteries 1.
　ただ、電池パックは、図１の鎖線で示すように、第２出力側電池１Ｘの第２の出力側に接続することもできる。この位置に接続される保護素子３は、好ましくは第２出力側電池１Ｘに熱結合状態で配置され、あるいは、第２出力側電池１Ｘとこれに直列に接続してなる電池１とに熱結合状態で配置することもできる。 However, the battery pack can also be connected to the second output side of the second output side battery 1X as shown by the chain line in FIG. The protective element 3 connected to this position is preferably arranged in a thermally coupled state to the second output side battery 1X, or is thermally coupled to the second output side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto. It can also be arranged in a state.
　以上の電池パックが、異常時に電流を遮断して電池を保護する状態を図２と図３に示す。図２と図３は、保護回路４の内部において、中間検出ライン５と出力検出ライン６の導電部が短絡する状態をそれぞれ示している。 Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show the state where the above battery pack protects the battery by cutting off the current in the event of an abnormality. 2 and 3 show a state in which the conductive portions of the intermediate detection line 5 and the output detection line 6 are short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4, respectively.
　図２は、第１出力検出ライン６Ａが接続された端子ａと中間検出ライン５が接続された端子ｄとが保護回路４の内部で短絡する異常が発生した状態を示している。この状態では、電池ブロック１０の第２の出力側において、図の太線Ａで示すように、第２出力側電池１Ｘ、第１出力検出ライン６Ａ、保護回路４内の短絡部１４、及び中間検出ライン５により、ループ状の短絡回路が形成されるが、このとき、中間検出ライン５の接続部７よりも第２の出力側に接続された保護素子３が動作して電流を遮断するので電池１は保護される。また、電池ブロック１０の第１の出力側において、図の太線Ｂで示すように、第１の出力側の電池１、中間検出ライン５、保護回路４内の短絡部１４、及び第１出力検出ライン６Ａにより、正負の出力端子８を導通させる回路が形成されるが、このときは、電池ブロック１０の第１の出力側に接続されたスイッチング素子２がオフに切り換えられることにより電流が遮断されて電池１は保護される FIG. 2 shows a state where an abnormality occurs in which the terminal a to which the first output detection line 6A is connected and the terminal d to which the intermediate detection line 5 is connected are short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4. In this state, on the second output side of the battery block 10, as shown by the thick line A in the figure, the second output side battery 1X, the first output detection line 6A, the short circuit portion 14 in the protection circuit 4, and the intermediate detection The line 5 forms a loop-like short circuit. At this time, the protection element 3 connected to the second output side of the connection part 7 of the intermediate detection line 5 operates to cut off the current, so that the battery 1 is protected. Further, on the first output side of the battery block 10, as shown by the thick line B in the figure, the battery 1 on the first output side, the intermediate detection line 5, the short circuit portion 14 in the protection circuit 4, and the first output detection. The line 6A forms a circuit for conducting the positive and negative output terminals 8. At this time, the switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off to cut off the current. Battery 1 is protected
　図３は、第３出力検出ライン６Ｃが接続された端子ｃと中間検出ライン５が接続された端子ｄとが保護回路４の内部で短絡する異常が発生した状態を示している。この状態では、電池ブロック１０の第２の出力側において、図の太線Ｃで示すように、第３出力検出ライン６Ｃ、保護回路４内の短絡部１５、中間検出ライン５、及び第２出力側電池１Ｘにより、正負の出力端子８を導通させる回路が形成されるが、このとき、中間検出ライン５の接続部７よりも第２の出力側に接続された保護素子３が動作して電流を遮断するので電池１は保護される。また、電池ブロック１０の第１の出力側において、図の太線Ｄで示すように、第１の出力側の電池１、中間検出ライン５、保護回路４内の短絡部１５、及び第３出力検出ライン６Ｃにより、ループ状の短絡回路が形成されるが、このときは、電池ブロック１０の第１の出力側に接続されたスイッチング素子２がオフに切り換えられることにより電流が遮断されて電池１は保護される FIG. 3 shows a state where an abnormality occurs in which the terminal c to which the third output detection line 6C is connected and the terminal d to which the intermediate detection line 5 is connected are short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4. In this state, on the second output side of the battery block 10, as shown by the thick line C in the figure, the third output detection line 6C, the short circuit portion 15 in the protection circuit 4, the intermediate detection line 5, and the second output side The battery 1X forms a circuit that makes the positive and negative output terminals 8 conductive. At this time, the protection element 3 connected to the second output side rather than the connection portion 7 of the intermediate detection line 5 operates to generate a current. Since it cuts off, the battery 1 is protected. Further, on the first output side of the battery block 10, as shown by the thick line D in the figure, the battery 1 on the first output side, the intermediate detection line 5, the short-circuit portion 15 in the protection circuit 4, and the third output detection A loop-like short circuit is formed by the line 6C. At this time, the switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off to interrupt the current, and the battery 1 Protected
　以上の電池パックは、電池ブロック１０のマイナス出力側を第１の出力側としており、電池ブロック１０のマイナス出力側に、スイッチング素子２として電池１の充電電流を制御するＦＥＴからなる充電スイッチ１２と、電池１の放電電流を制御するＦＥＴからなる放電スイッチ１１とを接続している。この構造は、スイッチング素子２を構成するＦＥＴにｎ型のＦＥＴを使用できるので、回路構成を簡単にしながらゲート電圧を印加できる特徴がある。　 The battery pack described above has the negative output side of the battery block 10 as the first output side, and the negative output side of the battery block 10 includes a charge switch 12 made of an FET that controls the charging current of the battery 1 as the switching element 2. A discharge switch 11 comprising an FET for controlling the discharge current of the battery 1 is connected. This structure has a feature that a gate voltage can be applied while simplifying the circuit configuration because an n-type FET can be used as the FET constituting the switching element 2. *
　さらに、電池パックは、図４に示すように、電池ブロック１０のプラス出力側を第１の出力側とすることもできる。この電池パックは、電池ブロック１０のマイナス出力側を第２の出力側として、最もマイナス出力側に接続される電池１を第２出力側電池１Ｘとして、この第２出力側電池１Ｘに保護素子３を接続している。さらに、第２出力側電池１Ｘに接続される保護素子３は、第２出力側電池１Ｘとこれに直列に接続してなる電池１との間に接続された中間検出ライン５との接続点７よりもマイナス出力側である第２の出力側に接続している。 Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the battery pack can have the positive output side of the battery block 10 as the first output side. In this battery pack, the negative output side of the battery block 10 is the second output side, the battery 1 connected to the most negative output side is the second output side battery 1X, and the protection element 3 is connected to the second output side battery 1X. Is connected. Further, the protection element 3 connected to the second output side battery 1X has a connection point 7 between an intermediate detection line 5 connected between the second output side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto. It is connected to the second output side, which is the minus output side.
　図４に示す電池パックは、第２出力側電池１Ｘとこれに直列に接続してなる電池１との間に接続された中間検出ライン５との接続点７と第２出力側電池１Ｘとの間に保護素子３を接続している。この位置に接続される保護素子３は、第２出力側電池１Ｘとこれに直列に接続してなる電池１とに熱結合状態で接続される。ただ、この電池パックも、図の鎖線で示すように、第２出力側電池１Ｘの第２の出力側に接続することもできる。この位置に接続される保護素子３は、好ましくは第２出力側電池１Ｘに熱結合状態で配置され、あるいは、第２出力側電池１Ｘとこれに直列に接続してなる電池１とに熱結合状態で配置することもできる。 The battery pack shown in FIG. 4 includes a connection point 7 between the second output battery 1X and the intermediate detection line 5 connected between the battery 1 connected in series with the second output battery 1X and the second output battery 1X. A protective element 3 is connected between them. The protection element 3 connected to this position is connected in a thermally coupled state to the second output-side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto. However, this battery pack can also be connected to the second output side of the second output side battery 1X as shown by the chain line in the figure. The protective element 3 connected to this position is preferably arranged in a thermally coupled state to the second output side battery 1X, or is thermally coupled to the second output side battery 1X and the battery 1 connected in series thereto. It can also be arranged in a state.
　この電池パックは、電池ブロック１０のプラス出力側に、スイッチング素子２として電池１の充電電流を制御するＦＥＴからなる充電スイッチ１２と、電池１の放電電流を制御するＦＥＴからなる放電スイッチ１１とを接続している。図の電池パックは、スイッチング素子２を構成するＦＥＴにｐ型のＦＥＴを使用している。 In this battery pack, on the positive output side of the battery block 10, a charge switch 12 made of an FET for controlling the charge current of the battery 1 as a switching element 2 and a discharge switch 11 made of an FET for controlling the discharge current of the battery 1 are provided. Connected. In the illustrated battery pack, a p-type FET is used as the FET constituting the switching element 2.
　以上の電池パックも、図示しないが、保護回路４の内部において、中間検出ライン５と出力検出ライン６の導電部が短絡する異常時において、電流を遮断して電池１を保護する。この電池パックは、図４の一点鎖線で示すように、第３出力検出ライン６Ｃが接続された端子ｃと中間検出ライン５が接続された端子ｄとが保護回路４の内部で短絡する異常が発生すると、電池ブロック１０のプラス出力側である第１の出力側において、第１の出力側の電池１、第３出力検出ライン６Ｃ、保護回路４内の短絡部１６、及び中間検出ライン５により、ループ状の短絡回路が形成されるが、このとき、電池ブロック１０の第１の出力側に接続されたスイッチング素子２がオフに切り換えられることにより電流が遮断されて電池１は保護される。また、電池ブロック１０のマイナス出力側である第２の出力側において、第２出力側電池１Ｘ、中間検出ライン５、保護回路４内の短絡部１６、及び第１出力検出ライン６Ａにより、正負の出力端子８を導通させる回路が形成されるが、このとき、中間検出ライン５の接続部７よりも第２の出力側に接続された保護素子３が動作して電流を遮断するので電池１は保護される。 Although not shown, the above battery pack also protects the battery 1 by interrupting the current in the protection circuit 4 in the event of an abnormality in which the conductive portions of the intermediate detection line 5 and the output detection line 6 are short-circuited. In this battery pack, as indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 4, there is an abnormality that the terminal c to which the third output detection line 6 </ b> C is connected and the terminal d to which the intermediate detection line 5 is connected are short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4. When it occurs, on the first output side which is the positive output side of the battery block 10, the battery 1 on the first output side, the third output detection line 6 </ b> C, the short-circuit portion 16 in the protection circuit 4, and the intermediate detection line 5. A loop-like short circuit is formed. At this time, the switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off, whereby the current is interrupted and the battery 1 is protected. Further, on the second output side which is the negative output side of the battery block 10, the second output side battery 1X, the intermediate detection line 5, the short-circuit portion 16 in the protection circuit 4, and the first output detection line 6A make positive and negative. A circuit for conducting the output terminal 8 is formed. At this time, since the protection element 3 connected to the second output side from the connection portion 7 of the intermediate detection line 5 operates to cut off the current, the battery 1 Protected.
　さらに、この電池パックは、図４の二点鎖線で示すように、第２出力検出ライン６Ｂが接続された端子ｂと中間検出ライン５が接続された端子ｄとが保護回路４の内部で短絡する異常が発生すると、電池ブロック１０のプラス出力側である第１の出力側において、第２出力検出ライン６Ｂ、保護回路４内の短絡部１６、中間検出ライン５、及び第１の出力側の電池１により、正負の出力端子８を導通させる回路が形成されるが、このとき、電池ブロック１０の第１の出力側に接続されたスイッチング素子２がオフに切り換えられることにより電流が遮断されて電池１は保護される。また、電池ブロック１０のマイナス出力側である第２の出力側において、第２出力側電池１Ｘ、中間検出ライン５、保護回路４内の短絡部１６、及び第２出力検出ライン６Ｂにより、正負の出力端子８を導通させる回路が形成されるが、このとき、中間検出ライン５の接続部７よりも第２の出力側に接続された保護素子３が動作して電流を遮断するので電池１は保護される。 Furthermore, in this battery pack, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 4, the terminal b to which the second output detection line 6 </ b> B is connected and the terminal d to which the intermediate detection line 5 is connected are short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4. When the abnormality occurs, the second output detection line 6B, the short-circuit portion 16 in the protection circuit 4, the intermediate detection line 5, and the first output side of the battery block 10 on the first output side which is the positive output side The battery 1 forms a circuit that makes the positive and negative output terminals 8 conductive. At this time, the switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off to interrupt the current. The battery 1 is protected. Further, on the second output side which is the negative output side of the battery block 10, the second output side battery 1X, the intermediate detection line 5, the short-circuit portion 16 in the protection circuit 4, and the second output detection line 6B are positive and negative. A circuit for conducting the output terminal 8 is formed. At this time, since the protection element 3 connected to the second output side from the connection portion 7 of the intermediate detection line 5 operates to cut off the current, the battery 1 Protected.
　さらに、電池パックは、図５と図６に示すように、３個以上の電池１を直列に接続すると共に、２個以上の保護素子３を備えることもできる。図５に示す電池パックは、３個の電池１を直列に接続し、図６の電池パックは４個の電池１を直列に接続している。さらに、図５と図６の電池パックは、２個の保護素子３を備えており、保護素子３の個数を電池１の直列接続数よりも少なくしている。 Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the battery pack can include three or more batteries 1 connected in series and two or more protection elements 3. The battery pack shown in FIG. 5 has three batteries 1 connected in series, and the battery pack of FIG. 6 has four batteries 1 connected in series. Further, the battery pack of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 includes two protection elements 3, and the number of protection elements 3 is smaller than the number of batteries 1 connected in series.
　これらの電池パックも、電池ブロック１０のマイナス出力側である第１の出力側にスイッチング素子２を接続して、電池ブロック１０のプラス出力側を第２の出力側としている。これら電池パックは、第２の出力側において、最もプラス出力側に接続される電池１を第２出力側電池１Ｘとし、この第２出力側電池１Ｘに保護素子３のひとつをメイン保護素子３Ｘとして接続し、残りの保護素子３は、サブ保護素子３Ｙとして、第２出力側電池１Ｘに直列に接続してなる電池１よりも第１の出力側に接続している。 Also in these battery packs, the switching element 2 is connected to the first output side which is the negative output side of the battery block 10, and the positive output side of the battery block 10 is set as the second output side. In these battery packs, on the second output side, the battery 1 connected to the most positive output side is the second output side battery 1X, and one of the protection elements 3 is used as the main protection element 3X on the second output side battery 1X. The remaining protective elements 3 are connected to the first output side as the sub protective element 3Y rather than the battery 1 connected in series to the second output side battery 1X.
　図５に示す電池パックは、直列に接続された３個の電池１の内、第２出力側電池１Ｘと中間の電池１の間にメイン保護素子３Ｘを接続し、中間の電池１と第１の出力側に接続された電池１との間にサブ保護素子３Ｙを接続している。この電池パックは、メイン保護素子３Ｘを第２出力側電池１Ｘと中間の電池１とに熱結合させると共に、サブ保護素子３Ｙを中間の電池１と第１の出力側の電池１とに熱結合させている。この構造は、３個の電池１のうちいずれかの電池１が設定温度よりも高く加熱されると、メイン保護素子３Ｘとサブ保護素子３Ｙの少なくとも一方の保護素子３が動作して電流を遮断し、電池１を保護する。 The battery pack shown in FIG. 5 has a main protection element 3X connected between the second output side battery 1X and the intermediate battery 1 among the three batteries 1 connected in series. The sub-protective element 3Y is connected to the battery 1 connected to the output side. In this battery pack, the main protection element 3X is thermally coupled to the second output side battery 1X and the intermediate battery 1, and the sub protection element 3Y is thermally coupled to the intermediate battery 1 and the first output side battery 1. I am letting. In this structure, when any one of the three batteries 1 is heated higher than the set temperature, at least one of the main protection element 3X and the sub protection element 3Y operates to cut off the current. The battery 1 is protected.
　ここで、図５に示す電池パックは、第２出力側電池１Ｘに接続されるメイン保護素子３Ｘを、中間検出ライン５が接続される接続点７との間に接続しているが、メイン保護素子３Ｘは、図の鎖線で示すように、第２出力側電池１Ｘの出力側に接続することもできる。このメイン保護素子３Ｘは、第２出力側電池１Ｘにのみ熱結合させることもできる。また、図５に示す電池パックは、第１の出力側の２個の電池１に熱結合されるサブ保護素子３Ｙを、中間の電池１の第１の出力側であって、中間検出ライン５が接続される接続点７との間に接続しているが、サブ保護素子３Ｙは、図の鎖線で示すように、第１の出力側の電池１の接続点７側に接続することも、第１の出力側の電池１の出力側に接続することもできる。なお、メイン保護素子３Ｘが全ての電池１と熱結合される場合、サブ保護素子３Ｙは必ずしも必要ではない。 Here, the battery pack shown in FIG. 5 connects the main protection element 3X connected to the second output side battery 1X between the connection point 7 to which the intermediate detection line 5 is connected. The element 3X can also be connected to the output side of the second output side battery 1X as indicated by the chain line in the figure. The main protection element 3X can be thermally coupled only to the second output side battery 1X. Further, in the battery pack shown in FIG. 5, the sub protection element 3Y thermally coupled to the two batteries 1 on the first output side is connected to the first output side of the intermediate battery 1, and the intermediate detection line 5. Connected to the connection point 7 to which the sub-protection element 3Y is connected to the connection point 7 side of the battery 1 on the first output side, as shown by the chain line in the figure. It can also be connected to the output side of the battery 1 on the first output side. When the main protection element 3X is thermally coupled to all the batteries 1, the sub protection element 3Y is not always necessary.
　この構造の電池パックも、保護回路４の内部において、中間検出ライン５と出力検出ライン６の導電部が短絡する異常時において、電流を遮断して電池１を保護する。この電池パックは、第１出力検出ライン６Ａが接続された端子ａと第３出力検出ライン６Ｃが接続された端子ｃのいずれか一方と、中間検出ライン５が接続された端子ｄまたは端子ｅのいずれか一方とが保護回路４の内部で短絡する異常が発生すると、少なくとも第２出力側電池１Ｘに接続されたメイン保護素子３Ｘが電池ブロック１０の第２の出力側に流れる電流を遮断し、また、電池ブロック１０の第１の出力側に接続されたスイッチング素子２がオフに切り換えられて電池ブロック１０の第２の出力側に流れる電流を遮断して電池１を保護する。 The battery pack of this structure also protects the battery 1 by interrupting the current in the protection circuit 4 in the event of an abnormality in which the conductive portions of the intermediate detection line 5 and the output detection line 6 are short-circuited. This battery pack has one of a terminal a connected to the first output detection line 6A and a terminal c connected to the third output detection line 6C, and a terminal d or a terminal e connected to the intermediate detection line 5. When an abnormality occurs in which either one of them is short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4, at least the main protection element 3X connected to the second output side battery 1X cuts off the current flowing to the second output side of the battery block 10, In addition, the switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off to cut off the current flowing to the second output side of the battery block 10 to protect the battery 1.
　また、図６に示す電池パックは、直列に接続された４個の電池１の内、第２の出力側に接続された２個の電池１の間にメイン保護素子３Ｘを接続し、第１の出力側に接続された２個の電池１の間にサブ保護素子３Ｙを接続している。この電池パックは、メイン保護素子３Ｘを第２の出力側の２個の電池１に熱結合させると共に、サブ保護素子３Ｙを第１の出力側の２個の電池１に熱結合させている。この構造は、４個の電池のうちいずれかの電池１が設定温度よりも高く加熱されると、メイン保護素子３Ｘとサブ保護素子３Ｙのいずれかの保護素子３が動作して電流を遮断し、電池１を保護する。この構造の電池パックは、４個の電池１に対して、２個の保護素子３を備えることで、いずれかの電池１が異常な温度に上昇することを最も効率よく検出して、電流を遮断して電池１を保護できる。 Further, the battery pack shown in FIG. 6 has a main protection element 3X connected between two batteries 1 connected to the second output side among four batteries 1 connected in series, and the first The sub protection element 3Y is connected between the two batteries 1 connected to the output side. In this battery pack, the main protection element 3X is thermally coupled to the two batteries 1 on the second output side, and the sub protection element 3Y is thermally coupled to the two batteries 1 on the first output side. In this structure, when any one of the four batteries 1 is heated higher than the set temperature, the protection element 3 of the main protection element 3X or the sub protection element 3Y operates to cut off the current. The battery 1 is protected. The battery pack having this structure is provided with two protection elements 3 for four batteries 1, thereby most efficiently detecting that any one of the batteries 1 rises to an abnormal temperature, The battery 1 can be protected by blocking.
　図６に示す電池パックは、第２出力側電池１Ｘに直列接続される電池１よりも第１の出力側において、１個のサブ保護素子３Ｙを備えている。ただ、電池パックは、図示しないが、２個のサブ保護素子を備えることもできる。この電池パックは、互いに直列に接続される各電池間にそれぞれサブ保護素子を接続することも、サブ保護素子のひとつを第１の出力側に配置される電池の出力側に接続することもできる。なお、メイン保護素子３Ｘが全ての電池１と熱結合される場合、サブ保護素子３Ｙは必ずしも必要ではない。 The battery pack shown in FIG. 6 includes one sub protection element 3Y on the first output side of the battery 1 connected in series to the second output side battery 1X. However, although not shown, the battery pack can also include two sub protection elements. In this battery pack, the sub protection element can be connected between the batteries connected in series with each other, or one of the sub protection elements can be connected to the output side of the battery arranged on the first output side. . When the main protection element 3X is thermally coupled to all the batteries 1, the sub protection element 3Y is not always necessary.
　この構造の電池パックも、保護回路４の内部において、中間検出ライン５と出力検出ライン６の導電部が短絡する異常時において、電流を遮断して電池１を保護する。この電池パックは、第１出力検出ライン６Ａが接続された端子ａと第３出力検出ライン６Ｃが接続された端子ｃのいずれか一方と、中間検出ライン５が接続された端子ｄ～端子ｆのいずれかとが保護回路４の内部で短絡する異常が発生すると、少なくとも第２出力側電池１Ｘに接続されたメイン保護素子３Ｘが電池ブロック１０の第２の出力側に流れる電流を遮断し、また、電池ブロック１０の第１の出力側に接続されたスイッチング素子２がオフに切り換えられて電池ブロック１０の第２の出力側に流れる電流を遮断して電池１を保護する。 The battery pack of this structure also protects the battery 1 by interrupting the current in the protection circuit 4 in the event of an abnormality in which the conductive portions of the intermediate detection line 5 and the output detection line 6 are short-circuited. This battery pack has one of a terminal a connected to the first output detection line 6A and a terminal c connected to the third output detection line 6C, and a terminal d to a terminal f connected to the intermediate detection line 5. When an abnormality occurs in which either one of them is short-circuited inside the protection circuit 4, at least the main protection element 3X connected to the second output side battery 1X cuts off the current flowing to the second output side of the battery block 10, and The switching element 2 connected to the first output side of the battery block 10 is switched off to cut off the current flowing to the second output side of the battery block 10 to protect the battery 1.
　本発明は、複数の充放電できる電池を直列に接続すると共に、電池温度を検出して電流を遮断する保護素子を電池に接続してなる電池パックであって、とくに小型化や低コスト化が要求される電池パック、例えばＡＶ機器用の電池パックに好適に使用される。 The present invention is a battery pack in which a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable batteries are connected in series, and a protection element that detects battery temperature and cuts off current is connected to the battery. It is suitably used for required battery packs, for example, battery packs for AV equipment.
　　１…電池
　１Ｘ…第２出力側電池
　　２…スイッチング素子
　　３…保護素子
　３Ｘ…メイン保護素子
　３Ｙ…サブ保護素子
　　４…保護回路
　　５…中間検出ライン
　　６…出力検出ライン
　６Ａ…第１出力検出ライン
　６Ｂ…第２出力検出ライン
　６Ｃ…第３出力検出ライン
　　７…接続点
　　８…出力端子
　１０…電池ブロック
　１１…放電スイッチ
　１２…充電スイッチ
　１４…短絡部
　１５…短絡部
　１６…短絡部
　１７…短絡部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery 1X ... 2nd output side battery 2 ... Switching element 3 ... Protection element 3X ... Main protection element 3Y ... Sub protection element 4 ... Protection circuit 5 ... Intermediate detection line 6 ... Output detection line 6A ... 1st output detection line 6B 2nd output detection line 6C ... 3rd output detection line 7 ... Connection point 8 ... Output terminal 10 ... Battery block 11 ... Discharge switch 12 ... Charge switch 14 ... Short-circuit part 15 ... Short-circuit part 16 ... Short-circuit part 17 ... Short-circuit part

Claims (8)

  1. 　複数の充放電できる電池を直列に接続してなる電池ブロックと、
    　前記電池ブロックの出力側に直列に接続してなるスイッチング素子と、
    　前記電池ブロックを構成してなる各電池間に接続された中間検出ラインで検出される中間電位から各電池の電圧を検出して前記スイッチング素子をオンオフに制御する保護回路と、
    　前記電池ブロックを構成してなる前記電池と直列に接続されて、接続している前記電池の温度が設定温度よりも高くなると電流を遮断する保護素子と
    を備える電池パックであって、
    　前記スイッチング素子は、前記電池ブロックのプラス出力側又はマイナス出力側の何れか一方である第１の出力側に接続され、
    　前記保護素子の個数は、前記電池の直列接続数よりも少なく、
    　前記保護素子のひとつは、前記スイッチング素子を接続してなる第１の出力側と反対側の出力側である第２の出力側に接続してなる第２出力側電池に接続されており、
    　前記第２出力側電池に接続してなる前記保護素子は、前記第２出力側電池とこれに直列に接続してなる前記電池との間に接続された前記中間検出ラインとの接続点よりも第２の出力側に接続されてなることを特徴とする電池パック。     A battery block formed by connecting a plurality of chargeable / dischargeable batteries in series;
    A switching element connected in series to the output side of the battery block;
    A protection circuit for detecting the voltage of each battery from an intermediate potential detected by an intermediate detection line connected between the batteries constituting the battery block and controlling the switching element on and off;
    A battery pack comprising a protection element that is connected in series with the battery that constitutes the battery block, and that interrupts current when the temperature of the connected battery is higher than a set temperature,
    The switching element is connected to the first output side which is either the positive output side or the negative output side of the battery block,
    The number of the protective elements is less than the number of series connection of the batteries,
    One of the protection elements is connected to a second output side battery connected to a second output side which is an output side opposite to the first output side formed by connecting the switching element,
    The protection element connected to the second output side battery is more than a connection point between the second output side battery and the intermediate detection line connected between the battery connected in series with the second output side battery. A battery pack connected to the second output side.
  2. 　請求項１に記載される電池パックであって、
    　前記第２出力側電池に接続してなる前記保護素子が、前記第２出力側電池とこれに直列に接続してなる前記電池との間に接続された前記中間検出ラインとの前記接続点と前記第２出力側電池との間に接続されてなることを特徴とする電池パック。     The battery pack according to claim 1,
    The connection point of the protection element formed by connecting to the second output side battery and the intermediate detection line connected between the second output side battery and the battery connected in series with the second output side battery; A battery pack connected to the second output side battery.
  3. 　請求項１又は２に記載される電池パックであって、
    　前記電池ブロックが２個の電池を直列に接続しており、
    　前記２個の電池の間に接続された前記中間検出ラインとの前記接続点よりも第２出力側に１個の保護素子を接続してなる電池パック。     The battery pack according to claim 1 or 2,
    The battery block connects two batteries in series,
    A battery pack in which one protection element is connected to a second output side of the connection point with the intermediate detection line connected between the two batteries.
  4. 　請求項１又は２に記載される電池パックであって、
    　前記電池ブロックが３個以上の電池を直列に接続すると共に、前記保護素子を２個以上備えており、
    　前記保護素子のひとつはメイン保護素子として前記第２出力側電池に接続されており、
    　前記保護素子の残りは、サブ保護素子として前記第２出力側電池に直列に接続してなる前記電池よりも第１出力側に接続されてなることを特徴とする電池パック。     The battery pack according to claim 1 or 2,
    The battery block connects three or more batteries in series, and includes two or more protection elements,
    One of the protection elements is connected to the second output side battery as a main protection element,
    The battery pack is characterized in that the rest of the protection elements are connected to the first output side rather than the battery connected in series to the second output side battery as a sub protection element.
  5. 　請求項１ないし４のいずれかに記載される電池パックであって、
    　前記第１の出力側を前記電池ブロックのマイナス側としてなることを特徴とする電池パック。     The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
    The battery pack, wherein the first output side is a negative side of the battery block.
  6. 　請求項１ないし５のいずれかに記載される電池パックであって、
    　前記保護素子がＰＴＣとブレーカとヒューズの何れかであって、前記電池に熱結合状態に配置されてなる電池パック。     The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
    The battery pack, wherein the protection element is any one of a PTC, a breaker, and a fuse, and is disposed in a thermally coupled state with the battery.
  7. 　請求項１ないし６のいずれかに記載される電池パックであって、
    　前記保護素子が複数の前記電池に熱結合状態に配置されてなる電池パック。     The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
    A battery pack in which the protection element is arranged in a thermally coupled state to the plurality of batteries.
  8. 　請求項１ないし７のいずれかに記載される電池パックであって、
    　前記スイッチング素子が、電池の充電電流を制御するＦＥＴからなる充電スイッチと、電池の放電電流を制御するＦＥＴからなる放電スイッチとからなる電池パック。     The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
    A battery pack in which the switching element includes a charge switch made of an FET for controlling the charge current of the battery and a discharge switch made of an FET for controlling the discharge current of the battery.
PCT/JP2016/002717 2015-06-25 2016-06-06 Battery pack WO2016208132A1 (en)

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