WO2016205380A1 - Atténuation et accord en fréquence d'explosion/d'impact - Google Patents

Atténuation et accord en fréquence d'explosion/d'impact Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016205380A1
WO2016205380A1 PCT/US2016/037645 US2016037645W WO2016205380A1 WO 2016205380 A1 WO2016205380 A1 WO 2016205380A1 US 2016037645 W US2016037645 W US 2016037645W WO 2016205380 A1 WO2016205380 A1 WO 2016205380A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tuning
layer assembly
layer
dissipative
mitigation system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2016/037645
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Thouless
Ellen M. Arruda
Tanaz RAHIMZADEH
Levon CIMONIAN
Marie RICE
Original Assignee
The Regents Of The University Of Michigan
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Regents Of The University Of Michigan filed Critical The Regents Of The University Of Michigan
Priority to EP16812347.9A priority Critical patent/EP3311099B1/fr
Priority to ES16812347T priority patent/ES2904548T3/es
Priority to JP2017565167A priority patent/JP6595628B2/ja
Priority to CA2989822A priority patent/CA2989822C/fr
Priority to EP18200528.0A priority patent/EP3517883B1/fr
Publication of WO2016205380A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016205380A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
    • F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
    • F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
    • F42D5/05—Blasting mats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/04—Protection helmets
    • F41H1/08—Protection helmets of plastics; Plastic head-shields
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/02—Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a novel concept for the design of structures to protect against blast and impact.
  • a design strategy for a composite material and an exemplary embodiment of that design, is presented that optimally and repeatedly dissipates energy transmitted through a composite as a result of an impact event.
  • the design strategy uses one or more elastic layers to modulate the frequency content of the stress wave traveling through the composite, and a viscoelastic layer to dissipate energy at that frequency.
  • Our current experimental and computational results demonstrate that this design efficiently mitigates the pressure and dissipates the energy transmitted through the composite.
  • a composite structure consisting of lightweight elastic and viscoelastic components chosen and configured to optimally reduce the impulse, while simultaneously mitigating the force (pressure) transmitted through the composite material from an impact load, is provided and is generally referred to as the MITIGATIUMTM design.
  • the innovation of the approach that led to the development of this MITIGATIUMTM design rubric is that it recognizes that a highly dissipative material alone is generally not going to be useful in impact loadings. Rather, optimal, repeated dissipation can be obtained only by means of a layered composite in which the dissipative component is matched to the other components based on specific relationships among their respective mechanical properties.
  • the properties of the elastic and viscoelastic components, and their placement within the layered system are optimally chosen to achieve three outcomes: 1 ) attenuate the pressure transmitted through the composite; 2) modulate the frequency content of the stress waves within the composite layers so that 3) the energy imparted by the impulse is efficiently dissipated as it is transmitted through the composite.
  • the synergistic nature of MITIGATIUMTM arises because it couples the dissipative component to other component(s) specifically chosen to tune the stress wave traveling through the elastic materials to a frequency at which it can most efficiently be dissipated by the viscous response of the dissipative layer.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a multi-layer tuning and mitigation system according to the principles of the present teachings having a single layer tuning layer assembly and a single layer dissipative layer assembly configuration
  • FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the kinetic energy (KE) dissipation results of the multi-layer tuning and mitigation system of FIG. 1 for various viscoelastic materials;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a multi-layer tuning and mitigation system according to the principles of the present teachings having a single layer tuning layer assembly and a multi-layer dissipative layer assembly configuration
  • FIG. 4 is a graph illustrating the kinetic energy (KE) dissipation results of the multi-layer tuning and mitigation system of FIG. 3 for various viscoelastic materials;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the model geometry for indenter impact simulations
  • FIG. 6A illustrates the model geometry of a convention helmet design
  • FIG. 6B illustrates the model geometry of a MITIGATIUMTM helmet design according to the present teachings
  • FIG. 6C is a graph illustrating pressure vs. time history of oblique impact loading
  • FIGS. 7A-7C are graphs illustrating the peak pressure, translational acceleration, and rotational acceleration histories inside the brain in conventional and MITIGATIUMTM helmet designs.
  • Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail.
  • first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as “first,” “second,” and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
  • Spatially relative terms such as “inner,” “outer,” “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper,” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the example term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
  • the present invention will find utility in a wide range of applications, including, but not limited to, vehicle armor, personal armor, blast protection, impact protection, vests, helmets, body guards (including chest protection, shin protection, hip protection, rib protection, elbow protection, knee protection, running shoes), firing range protection, building protection, packaging of appliances and devices, and the like. It should be appreciated that the present teachings are applicable to any blast and/or impact situation.
  • a multi-layer tuning and mitigation system 10 for blast and/or impact mitigation.
  • the multi-layer tuning and mitigation system 10 comprises a tuning layer assembly 12 and a dissipative layer assembly 14.
  • the tuning layer assembly 12 can comprise one or more individual elastic layers having an acoustic impedance.
  • dissipative layer assembly 14 can comprise one or more individual viscoelastic layers.
  • a stress wave is produced whose frequencies entering the dissipative layer assembly 14 are determined by the mechanical and physical properties (e.g. acoustic impedance) of the tuning layer assembly 12 and the geometry and nature of the impact event itself.
  • the dissipative layer assembly 14 is chosen to be complementary to the tuning layer assembly 12 to tune the frequencies of the stress waves into a range that is damped by the dissipative layer assembly 14.
  • the damping frequencies required for the dissipative layer assembly 14 are application specific; that is, they depend upon the impact event itself as well as on the shape and size of the impact mitigating structure itself.
  • multi- layer tuning and mitigation system 10 can comprise a single-layer tuning layer assembly 12 and a single-layer dissipative layer assembly 14.
  • single-layer tuning layer assembly 12 is an elastic material that is sufficient to work with single-layer dissipative layer assembly 14 to tune the frequencies of the stress waves of the impact.
  • Single-layer dissipative layer assembly 14 is a viscoelastic material selected to mitigate the resulting tuned frequencies of the stress wave to dissipate the kinetic energy. As illustrated in FIG.
  • the viscoelastic material is selected based on the particular tuned frequencies, wherein, for example, viscoelastic material V1 is sufficient to dissipate approximately 77% of the kinetic energy (KE) of the tuned frequencies, V2 is sufficient to dissipate approximately 95% of the kinetic energy (KE) of the tuned frequencies, and V3 is sufficient to dissipate approximately 96% of the kinetic energy (KE) of the tuned frequencies.
  • FIG. 2 was generated in response to an indenter impacting the structure of FIG. 1 with a kinetic energy of approximately 10 J.
  • the tuning layer assembly 12 is a thin elastic material and dissipative layer assembly 14 is a thicker viscoelastic material.
  • the dominant frequencies that enter the second layer in this example are in the range of 0.01 - 100 Hz (approximately).
  • multilayer tuning and mitigation system 10 can comprise a single-layer tuning layer assembly 12 and a multi-layer dissipative layer assembly 14.
  • single-layer tuning layer assembly 12 is an elastic material that is sufficient to work with multi-layer dissipative layer assembly 14 to tune the frequencies of the stress waves of the impact.
  • Multi-layer dissipative layer assembly 14 can comprise two or more viscoelastic materials selected to each mitigate a portion of the resulting tuned frequencies of the stress wave to dissipate the kinetic energy.
  • several layers of multi-layer dissipative layer assembly 14 can be used to dissipate the same frequencies, different frequencies, and/or overlapping frequencies.
  • the single-layer tuning layer assembly 12 can work to tune the stress waves to a range of frequencies, and one layer of dissipative layer assembly 14 can dissipate a first subrange of the frequencies and a second layer of dissipative layer assembly 14 can dissipate a second subrange of the frequencies.
  • the first and second subranges can be different, overlapping, or the same. As illustrated in FIG.
  • the viscoelastic materials of multi-layer dissipative layer assembly 14 are selected based on the particular tuned frequencies, wherein, for example, viscoelastic material composite V1 is sufficient to dissipate approximately 80% of the kinetic energy (KE) of the tuned frequencies, viscoelastic material composite V2 is sufficient to dissipate approximately 94% of the kinetic energy (KE) of the tuned frequencies, and viscoelastic material composite V3 is sufficient to dissipate approximately 95% of the kinetic energy (KE) of the tuned frequencies.
  • KE kinetic energy
  • multi-layer tuning and mitigation system 10 can comprise a multi-layer tuning layer assembly 12 and a single-layer dissipative layer assembly 14, or a multi-layer tuning layer assembly 12 and a multi-layer dissipative layer assembly 14.
  • tuning layer assembly 12 can be modified, thereby varying its performance and acoustic impedance, by selecting the material, thickness, and, in the case of a multi-layer configuration, how and if the layers are bonded.
  • dissipative layer assembly 14 can be modified, thereby varying its dissipative performance, by selecting the material, thickness, and, in the case of a multi-layer configuration, how and if the layers are bonded.
  • tuning layer assembly 12 can be made of an elastic material, such as thermoplastics (e.g., polycarbonate, polyethylene), metals, ceramics, polymers (elastic type), composites, and biological solids (e.g.
  • dissipative layer assembly 14 can be made of viscoelastic material, such as polymers. It should be understood, however, that polymers may be elastic and/or viscoelastic. Whether they are elastic or viscoelastic in a given application depends upon the application temperature and the frequencies under consideration. In other words, a given polymer at a given temperature responds elastically to some frequencies and viscoelastically to other frequencies.
  • the tuning layer assembly 12 is typically chosen based on other functional requirements of the application, such as chip resistance of a layered paint, ballistic penetration resistance in a military armor, and protecting the skull against facture in a sport helmet.
  • the acoustic impedance of the tuning layer assembly 12 is therefore set once this choice is made (however there may be several materials that fit the bill).
  • the thickness of the tuning layer assembly 12 may also be set by these existing functional requirements.
  • the mechanical and physical attributes of the tuning layer assembly 12 determine one of the frequencies that will be passed to the dissipative layer assembly 14 in a tuned design.
  • the dissipative layer assembly 14 is chosen to have a lower acoustic impedance than the tuning layer assembly 12, to provide the tuning and to mitigate the force transmitted.
  • the elastic properties of the dissipative layer assembly 14 determine this impedance; optimal tuning requires a significant impedance reduction in layer 2 from that of layer 1 .
  • the dissipative layer assembly 14 may include portions that are elastic, in which it acts as the spring in a mass-spring dynamic system that has a characteristic frequency, or it may include portions that are viscoelastic to additionally damp either the tuned frequency or the mass-spring frequency, or both. If the dissipative layer assembly 14 is elastic in part, additional viscoelastic layers are required to dissipate the impulse. A viscoelastic dissipative layer assembly 14 is both elastic and viscous, so that it satisfies all of the previously described functions of the dissipative layer assembly 14 to tune with the tuning layer assembly 12 and vibrate with the tuning layer assembly 12 as a mass- spring system. In addition it is chosen to damp one or more of the frequencies. If the dissipative layer assembly 14 is elastic, an additional layer is chosen to damp the transmitted frequencies.
  • a sport's (football) helmet is chosen as a design example.
  • Current helmet designs have other functions, such as preventing skull fracture; therefore we chose materials for the present demonstration that are similar to those currently used.
  • the outer shell of a football helmet is often a thermoplastic, such as polycarbonate (PC), therefore we limited our choice of outer shell layer to similar polymers. These materials do not plastically deform under the impact loadings seen in sports. Therefore, they respond as linear elastic solids. Mitigating the force transmitted through elastic materials is easily accomplished by an impedance mismatch approach.
  • Current helmets utilize this strategy effectively by coupling the first, high elastic impedance layer to a second, low-elastic-impedance layer.
  • the derivative of the position vs. time data was computed using a 5-point centered finite differencing method to obtain velocity vs. time data.
  • the derivative of the velocity vs. time data was similarly computed to obtain acceleration vs. time data.
  • the peak acceleration of the indenter was determined for each sample type and the results appear in Table 1 .
  • the peak accelerations of the indenter during impact of the bonded specimens exceeded those of the unbonded specimens for both MITIGATIUMTM and Current samples.
  • the peak accelerations of the indenter during impact of the two "Current" samples exceeded those of the MITIGATIUMTM samples for both bonded and unbonded cases. Therefore, the lowest peak indenter acceleration was that impacting the unbonded MITIGATIUMTM sample.
  • the acceleration of the head in an impact is directly proportional to the peak force transmitted through a helmet to the skull.
  • the impact experiments performed here are not a direct indication of the force transmitted through the samples, but the acceleration of the indenter serves as a proxy for the skull and provides an indication of the force mitigating response of the samples. Therefore, these results indicate the MITIGATIUMTM sample is a better attenuator of force than the current helmet design is, and unbounded layers attenuate force better than bonded layers.
  • Indenter Impact simulations The experimental indenter impact procedure was replicated computationally using the same geometries for the specimens and indenter as in the experiments, and the mechanical and material properties for the layers in Table 2. Simulations assumed all layers in the samples were bonded (to avoid prescribing frictional contact properties) but no bonded layers existed; nodes from layer one were tied to nodes of layer two, et cetera. Thus the effect of the mechanical properties of the adhesive layers in the experiments is not examined in these computational simulations. The commercial finite-element package ABAQUS Explicit was used for the simulations. The computational model geometry appears in FIG. 5.
  • the indenter was given an initial velocity of 3.7 m/s corresponding to the velocity of a 2.8 kg indenter dropped from a height of 72 cm, in accordance with the experiments.
  • a body force of 79,000 kg/m 2 s 2 (density * gravity) was also applied to the indenter to account for the gravitational force.
  • the maximum indenter accelerations determined from these analyses are: MIGATIUMTM bonded, 550 m/s 2 ; Current bonded, 700 m/s 2 .
  • the computational results are within 10% of the mean experimental values for the peak accelerations given in Table 1 . These results replicate what was determined experimentally, namely, MITIGATIUMTM is a better force attenuator than the Current helmet design.
  • the new MITIGATIUMTM design paradigm cannot only further reduce the over-pressure by an additional order of magnitude over existing approaches, it can also reduce the impulse delivered to the brain by an order of magnitude.
  • This is accomplished by a viscoelastic layer chosen to match the tuning induced by the other one or two layers. Linear viscoelastic materials dissipate energy at specific frequencies and do so repeatedly. It should again be emphasized that an arbitrary impact to a helmet will not result in a stress wave with an optimal frequency distribution to be dissipated, whether these be designs with monolithic materials or fluid-filled or air-gap designs. All of these designs, like the viscoelastic design, will dissipate energy optimally at specific frequencies. Therefore, the optimally dissipative design concept needs to contain the frequency tuning aspect.
  • a single- or multi-layer design allows for tuning of an arbitrary impact into a specific frequency that can be optimally dissipated by the viscoelastic layer.
  • the viscoelastic layer acting alone, is not effective.
  • Our one-dimensional analysis shows that the use of a viscoelastic material alone, without tuning components, transmits 90% of the impulse of an impact event.
  • a viscoelastic material is optimally coupled to elastic materials that tune the stress wave to the critical damping frequency of the viscoelastic material, less than 30% of the impulse is transmitted.
  • this optimal MITIGATIUMTM design can comprise a tuned frequency that is high, so the thickness of the third dissipative layer is reduced because of the higher tuning frequency. Therefore, this optimal MITIGATIUMTM would be thinner and lighter weight than current football helmets.
  • the required properties of the viscoelastic material are well within any expected range of polyurethanes.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B Two-dimensional analysis of impact response of helmets - A MITIGATIUMTM helmet design was compared to an existing sport helmet using two- dimensional finite element analyses of impact loading.
  • the commercial finite-element package ABAQUS Explicit was again used for the simulations.
  • the geometries used in the finite-element models are shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
  • the head was modeled as a two-component system consisting of an outer rim with a material having properties that approximated a skull, and an inner region of material having properties approximating the brain.
  • the model corresponding to an existing football helmet design has a 4 mm outer layer of ABS plastic, a 23 mm second layer of a hard foam, and a 9 mm inner layer of "comfort” foam, as shown in FIG. 6A.
  • the MITIGATIUMTM helmet in FIG. 6B was chosen to have the same mass and volume as the existing helmet.
  • the 4 mm outer shell layer is polyethylene
  • the 20.5 mm second layer is a styrene-based elastic foam
  • the 2.5 mm third layer is a viscoelastic urethane-based material.
  • the fourth layer on this helmet is not necessary; it is included to match the size and weight of the existing helmet, and because the comfort foam is important to helmet wearers.
  • the MITIGATIUMTM helmet design can be made significantly thinner and lighter than the existing helmet. Choosing equal mass designs normalizes the response, as the effectiveness of armor in reducing momentum transfer depends on mass.
  • the helmet models were subjected to an oblique impact pressure load of shape and duration shown in FIG. 6C. Peak pressure and impulse transmitted to the skull were determined. Linear and rotational accelerations were examined throughout the region of the brain and peak values recorded for comparison. The results are shown in Table 3 and in FIGS. 7A-7C. As the table shows, the choice of outer layer affects the pressure, impulse, and duration of the impact imparted to the helmet from a given impact load.
  • the last two columns compare the pressure and impulse transmitted to the skull by the two helmet designs, these are normalized by the values transmitted by the existing helmet design.
  • the MITIGATIUMTM helmet transmits less than 1 % of the pressure and 31 % of the impulse that the existing helmet transmits. It is important to appreciate that it is only in this type of geometry— where there is interaction between the head and the helmet— that the full effects of impulse transmission be considered. Ultimately, the validation needs to be conducted with this type of geometry, rather than considering impulses transmitted to a massive rigid plate.
  • FIGS. 7A-7C show the peak pressure, translational acceleration, and rotational acceleration histories inside the brain in both helmet designs.
  • the peak values occur at different nodes for the various quantities recorded, and for different nodes in each helmet, but in every case, the highest magnitude was searched within the entire brain region and that is what is recorded for comparison.
  • the significant reductions in the peak pressure and accelerations for the MITIGATIUMTM helmet are clearly seen in the figure. It is also evident from FIGS. 7A-7C that in the existing undamped helmet, a single-impact loading-event results in multiple peak-acceleration events.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Helmets And Other Head Coverings (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

Un système d'atténuation et d'accord pour atténuer une explosion ou un impact comprend : un ensemble couche d'accord dont l'impédance acoustique est choisie pour accorder des ondes de contrainte résultant de l'explosion ou de l'impact à une ou plusieurs fréquences d'accord spécifique ; et un ensemble couche de dissipation comprenant un matériau viscoélastique dont la fréquence d'amortissement critique correspond à au moins une ou plusieurs fréquences d'accord spécifiques.
PCT/US2016/037645 2015-06-17 2016-06-15 Atténuation et accord en fréquence d'explosion/d'impact WO2016205380A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16812347.9A EP3311099B1 (fr) 2015-06-17 2016-06-15 Atténuation et accord en fréquence d'explosion/d'impact
ES16812347T ES2904548T3 (es) 2015-06-17 2016-06-15 Ajuste y mitigación de frecuencia de explosiones/impactos
JP2017565167A JP6595628B2 (ja) 2015-06-17 2016-06-15 打撃／衝突による振動数の調整及び緩和
CA2989822A CA2989822C (fr) 2015-06-17 2016-06-15 Attenuation et accord en frequence d'explosion/d'impact
EP18200528.0A EP3517883B1 (fr) 2015-06-17 2016-06-15 Méthode d'atténuation de souffle

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201562180931P 2015-06-17 2015-06-17
US62/180,931 2015-06-17
US201615036293A 2016-05-12 2016-05-12
US15/036,293 2016-05-12

Publications (1)

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WO2016205380A1 true WO2016205380A1 (fr) 2016-12-22

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EP (2) EP3311099B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP6595628B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2989822C (fr)
ES (2) ES2904548T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016205380A1 (fr)

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US4836084A (en) * 1986-02-22 1989-06-06 Akzo Nv Armour plate composite with ceramic impact layer
US6108825A (en) * 1997-01-30 2000-08-29 The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland Protection of human head and body
US20020184699A1 (en) * 1998-07-30 2002-12-12 Cerebrix, Inc. Protective helmet
US6782792B1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2004-08-31 The Boeing Company Blast attenuation device and method
US20140026279A1 (en) 2011-05-13 2014-01-30 Mark F. Horstemeyer Shock Mitigating Materials and Methods Utilizing Spiral Shaped Elements
US20130000476A1 (en) 2011-06-30 2013-01-03 Elwha LLC, a limited liability company of the State of Delaware Wearable air blast protection device having at least two reflective regions

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See also references of EP3311099A4

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2904548T3 (es) 2022-04-05
ES2912334T3 (es) 2022-05-25
EP3517883A1 (fr) 2019-07-31
JP2019078409A (ja) 2019-05-23
EP3311099B1 (fr) 2021-12-29
JP6754820B2 (ja) 2020-09-16
EP3311099A1 (fr) 2018-04-25
EP3517883B1 (fr) 2022-04-20
EP3311099A4 (fr) 2019-05-22
CA2989822A1 (fr) 2016-12-22
JP6595628B2 (ja) 2019-10-23
JP2018521289A (ja) 2018-08-02
CA2989822C (fr) 2023-02-14

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