WO2016199726A1 - Separation membrane element and membrane separation device - Google Patents

Separation membrane element and membrane separation device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016199726A1
WO2016199726A1 PCT/JP2016/066782 JP2016066782W WO2016199726A1 WO 2016199726 A1 WO2016199726 A1 WO 2016199726A1 JP 2016066782 W JP2016066782 W JP 2016066782W WO 2016199726 A1 WO2016199726 A1 WO 2016199726A1
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Prior art keywords
separation membrane
sheet
separation
flow path
membrane
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PCT/JP2016/066782
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
康弘 宇田
誠 小泓
友葉 岡▲崎▼
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日東電工株式会社
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Publication of WO2016199726A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016199726A1/en

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D63/00Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D63/00Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08Flat membrane modules

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a separation membrane element for separating a liquid or the like by a sheet-like separation membrane and a membrane separation apparatus using the same, and can be used for various membrane separation methods. It is useful as a separation membrane element used in the above.
  • Patent Document 2 a laminated membrane separation device in which two flow paths in a membrane leaf can flow linearly.
  • a plurality of cylindrical sheet-shaped separation membranes with a permeate-side flow path material inserted therein are stacked at intervals, and the cylindrical sheet-shaped separation membranes are opened on two sides.
  • a permeate discharge unit is provided, and the remaining two sides are provided with a stock solution supply unit and a concentrate discharge unit.
  • This structure of the membrane separation apparatus is convenient for reducing the pressure loss because the flow path is linear.
  • the membrane separation device described in Patent Document 2 does not take the form of a separation membrane element, and it is not assumed that a plurality of membrane separation devices are stacked. For this reason, the permeate discharge part and the like are connected to the separation part of the separation membrane by the flange structure, and there is a problem that the space efficiency is poor when a plurality of membrane separation devices are used in a laminated manner.
  • the flanges are provided at four locations on the separation membrane stack, and end caps are attached to each of them, which complicates the overall structure of the device and increases the number of parts, making it practical in terms of manufacturing costs. It was hard to say.
  • Such a problem of space efficiency and manufacturing cost of the separation membrane element is a problem that may occur not only in the forward osmosis membrane separation method but also in various membrane separation methods.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a separation membrane element that can be easily manufactured with a small number of parts and that can be used by stacking a plurality of components, and a membrane separation device using the same. is there.
  • the separation membrane element of the present invention is A plurality of sheet-like separation membranes having four sides, a first flow path communicating from one end surface of both sides of the sheet-like separation membrane to one side of the sheet-like separation membrane disposed along two opposing sides of the sheet-like separation membrane; A laminated body having a second flow path communicating from the end faces on both sides arranged along the remaining two sides of the sheet-shaped separation membrane to the other surface of the sheet-shaped separation membrane; A housing that houses the laminate and has a side wall, a bottom surface, and a top surface; The housing has two first spaces communicating between the inner surface and the end surface of the laminate from both sides of the first flow path, and two second spaces communicating from both sides of the second flow path. A first liquid supply / discharge port provided in each of the first space portions, and a second liquid supply / discharge port provided in each of the second space portions. To do.
  • a housing having a side wall portion, a bottom surface portion, and an upper surface portion is accommodated with a laminated body in which a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes are laminated, and the first flow path is communicated from both sides. Since the first space portion and the two second space portions communicating with the second flow path from both sides are formed in the housing, members for forming the four space portions are not required individually. Further, since the housing is formed by the side wall portion, the bottom surface portion, and the top surface portion, the housings can be brought close to each other and stacked. As a result, it is possible to provide a separation membrane element that can be easily manufactured with a small number of components, and that can be used by stacking a plurality of components to improve space efficiency.
  • the housing accommodates a corner portion of the laminate close to the inner surface of the side wall portion, and an elastic body is interposed between the inner surface of the side wall portion and the corner portion of the laminate body.
  • an elastic body is interposed between the inner surface of the side wall portion and the corner portion of the laminate body.
  • the capacity of each laminate is increased while increasing the capacity of the laminate.
  • the space can be sealed with an elastic body.
  • the laminate includes a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes having four sides, a plurality of first flow passage materials arranged on the first flow passage side of the sheet-like separation membranes, and a second flow passage side of the sheet-like separation membranes.
  • the 2nd flow path material arrange
  • the side wall of the housing is preferably cylindrical. With such a structure, the four space portions can be formed in a well-balanced manner in the housing, and can be easily accommodated in a conventional cylindrical pressure vessel.
  • the supply / discharge port of the first liquid of the housing is provided in the bottom surface portion and the top surface portion, and the supply / discharge port of the second liquid is provided in the bottom surface portion and the top surface portion.
  • the membrane separation apparatus of the present invention is a membrane separation apparatus in which a plurality of the separation membrane elements described above are arranged in parallel. According to the membrane separation apparatus of the present invention, since a plurality of separation membrane elements having the above-described effects are arranged in parallel, it can be easily manufactured with a small number of parts, and space efficiency can be improved by using a plurality of layers. A membrane separation apparatus that can be enhanced can be provided.
  • the perspective view which shows an example of the separation membrane element of this invention The disassembled perspective view which shows an example of the separation membrane element of this invention.
  • the separation membrane element of the present invention accommodates a laminate 11 in which a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes 10 having four sides are laminated, the laminate 11, and includes a side wall portion 35 and a bottom portion. 36 and a housing 30 having an upper surface portion 37.
  • the laminate 11 includes a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes 10 having four sides, and the sheet-like separation from two end faces arranged along two opposite sides of the sheet-like separation membrane 10.
  • a first flow path P1 that communicates with one surface of the membrane 10 and a second channel that communicates with the other surface of the sheet-like separation membrane 10 from both end faces disposed along the remaining two sides of the sheet-like separation membrane 10.
  • a flow path P2 that communicates with one surface of the membrane 10 and a second channel that communicates with the other surface of the sheet-like separation membrane 10 from both end faces disposed along the remaining two sides of the sheet-like separation membrane 10.
  • a flow path P2 that communicates with one surface of the membrane 10 and a second channel that communicates with the other
  • the laminate 11 includes a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes 10 having four sides, a plurality of first flow passage members 13 arranged on the first flow passage side of the sheet-like separation membrane 10, and a second flow passage side.
  • An example including a plurality of arranged second flow path members 14 and a sealing portion 12 that prevents the first flow path and the second flow path from mixing with each other will be described.
  • Fig.3 (a) it is the sealing part 12 formed in the plate shape which has four sides, Comprising: On the one surface, the 1st flow-path material 13 is extended over the full length of two sides which oppose. The first channel recess 12d is disposed, and the other surface having the second channel recess 12e in which the second channel material 14 is disposed over the entire length of the other two opposite sides is used. Is preferred.
  • one of the first flow path or the second flow path is opened at the end faces of the two opposite sides, and the remaining two sides
  • the laminated body 11 in which the other of the first flow path or the second flow path opens can be formed on the end surface.
  • the sealing portions 12 arranged on both the uppermost and lowermost sides of the laminate 11 have a function as the outer wall plate 18.
  • an outer wall plate 18 may be additionally provided on both sides.
  • Such a sealing portion 12 can be manufactured as a resin molded body having the first flow path recess 12d and the second flow path recess 12e, but the first flow path material 13 and the second flow path material 14 are used. It is also possible to manufacture each of which is arranged integrally with the sealing portion 12. Further, the sheet-like separation membrane 10 can be integrally formed.
  • Examples of the resin constituting the sealing portion 12 include a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, and a heat resistant resin.
  • examples of the thermoplastic resin include ABS resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylic resin, fluororesin, polyester, and polyamide.
  • examples of the heat resistant resin include polysulfone, polyethersulfone, aromatic polyimide, polyamide, and polyester.
  • examples of the thermosetting resin include epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, phenol resins, amino resins, polyurethane resins, silicone resins, and thermosetting polyimide resins. Of these, thermoplastic resins such as ABS resin and vinyl chloride resin are preferably used. These resins can be appropriately selected depending on the type of separation membrane and the use of the element.
  • a laminate 11 is preferably formed by laminating a plurality of laminate units each including the sheet-like separation membrane 10, the first channel material 13, and the second channel material 14.
  • the number of lamination units in such a laminate 11 is, for example, 2 to 200, and preferably 20 to 100.
  • stacking unit of the sheet-like separation membrane 10 formed in the cylinder shape contains the sheet-like separation membrane 10 for two sheets, it calculates as a lamination
  • the sheet-like separation membrane 10 may be any of an ultrafiltration membrane, a nanofiltration membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane, a dialysis membrane, a forward osmosis membrane, etc.
  • the first liquid path and the second flow path This is particularly effective when the sheet-like separation membrane 10 is a forward osmosis membrane.
  • the sheet-like separation membrane 10 a material corresponding to the type of the membrane can be selected.
  • the porous support layer is a porous membrane formed of polysulfone, polyethersulfone, epoxy resin, polyamide, polyimide, or the like.
  • a nonwoven fabric formed of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin or the like is used.
  • the separation active layer examples include those formed of polyamide, cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, vinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride-polyacrylonitrile copolymer, epoxy resin, polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like. It is also possible to use a single-layer separation membrane formed of these materials.
  • the thickness of the sheet-like separation membrane 10 is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 mm, more preferably 0.02 to 0.3 mm.
  • a net made of resin or the like, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, or the like is preferably used as the opening shape of the net.
  • a triangle, a quadrangle (rhombus, square, rectangle, parallelogram, etc.), a hexagon, or the like is used as the opening shape of the net. Is mentioned.
  • the first channel material 13 has a three-layer structure
  • the thickness of the net is, for example, 0.12 to 2 mm.
  • the net yarn diameter constituting the net is, for example, 0.06 to 1 mm.
  • the net aperture ratio is 70 to 95%.
  • Examples of the material of the first flow path material 13 include materials mainly composed of polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyphenylene sulfide polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate, and nylon.
  • a net made of resin or the like, woven fabric, knitted fabric or the like is preferably used, and the opening shape of the net is a triangle, a quadrangle (such as a rhombus, a square, a rectangle, a parallelogram), a hexagon, or the like. Is mentioned.
  • the thickness of the net is, for example, 0.12 to 2 mm.
  • the net yarn diameter constituting the net is, for example, 0.06 to 1 mm.
  • the net aperture ratio is 70 to 95%.
  • Examples of the material of the second flow path material 14 include materials mainly composed of polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyphenylene sulfide polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate, and nylon.
  • the size of the outer shape of the laminate 11 is, for example, a long side of 200 to 1000 mm, a short side of 200 to 1000 mm, and a height of about 20 to 200 mm.
  • the separation membrane element of the present invention includes a housing 30 that accommodates the laminate 11 as described above.
  • This housing 30 has a side wall portion 35, a bottom surface portion 36, and an upper surface portion 37 as shown in FIG. is doing.
  • the example in case the side wall part 35 of the housing 30 is cylindrical is shown.
  • resins such as vinyl chloride, polycarbonate, and polypropylene
  • fiber reinforced resins obtained by reinforcing various resins with fibers such as glass, metals such as aluminum and copper, ceramics, and the like can be used. Is most preferred.
  • the housing 30 is formed by integrally molding the side wall portion 35 and the bottom surface portion 36, and after housing the laminate 11, the upper surface portion 37 is bonded, welded, or the like to join the supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b.
  • the part other than can be made into a liquid-tight structure.
  • Two second spaces 22a and 22b are provided.
  • the separation membrane element is used, the first liquid and the second liquid are filled in the first space 21a and 21b and the second space 22a and 22b, respectively, as necessary.
  • the housing 30 may be of a size that can accommodate the laminate 11, but the effective membrane area can be reduced by making the corner of the laminate 11 close to the inner surface of the side wall portion 35. It is preferable from the viewpoint of easily sealing the corner while increasing the number. In that case, the inner surface of the side wall portion 35 and the corner portion of the laminated body 11 can be sealed with a sealing resin, but an elastic body (not shown) is interposed between the two and adjacent to each other. The space portions may be sealed.
  • a method of sealing the bottom surface and the bottom surface portion 36 of the laminated body 11 by adhesion, or a method of sealing using a sealing material made of an elastic body can be mentioned.
  • the sealing between the upper surface of the laminated body 11 and the upper surface portion 37 can be similarly performed.
  • the elastic body rubber, thermoplastic elastomer or the like can be used, and the cross-sectional shape is preferably L-shaped or U-shaped so that it can be easily circumscribed on the corner of the laminate 11. Moreover, it is also possible to use an elastic body having a shape that circumscribes all the sides (12 sides) of the laminate 11. Thereby, a seal
  • the housing 30 in the present invention includes a first liquid supply / discharge port 23a, 23b provided in each of the first space portions 21a, 21b and a second liquid supply / discharge port provided in each of the second space portions 22a, 22b. 24a, 24b.
  • the first liquid supply / discharge ports 23 a and 23 b of the housing 30 are provided in the bottom surface portion 36 and the top surface portion 37
  • the second liquid supply and discharge ports 24 a and 24 b are provided in the bottom surface portion 36 and the top surface portion 37.
  • These supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b can supply and discharge the liquid using a connected pipe.
  • the first space portions 21a and 21b and the second space portions 22a and 22b are provided with two upper and lower supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b.
  • the upper and lower supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b which are provided at the top and bottom, as shown in FIG. FIG. 4 shows an example in which a single separation membrane element is used.
  • the plug 32 is used to block part of the supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b.
  • the plug 32 retains the O-ring 32 a and the like on the outer peripheral surface, thereby ensuring liquid tightness with the bottom surface portion 36 or the top surface portion 37 of the housing 30.
  • the connection member 31 that holds the O-ring 31a and the like on the outer peripheral surface is inserted into the bottom surface portion 36 or the top surface portion 37, thereby ensuring the liquid tightness of the housing 30 when piping.
  • the pressure resistance of the separation membrane element is improved by sandwiching the laminated body 11 with the upper and lower reinforcing plates 41 and 42 and fastening the peripheral portion with bolts 43 or the like.
  • a reinforcing plate include metals such as stainless steel and aluminum, and fiber reinforced resins.
  • a pipe for supplying and discharging the first liquid or the second liquid is connected to the supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b via a connection member 31 as necessary.
  • a low-concentration liquid for example, fresh water FW, liquid to be treated FS, etc.
  • the high concentration liquid for example, seawater SW, draw solution DS, etc.
  • the element can be used for forward osmosis membrane separation.
  • the raw liquid is supplied from the supply / discharge port 24a and the permeate separated by the separation membrane is discharged from the supply / discharge port 23b while discharging the concentrate from the supply / discharge port 24b. It becomes possible to do. At this time, it is also possible to perform membrane separation while supplying the sweep flow from the supply / discharge port 23a.
  • a first flow path material 13 and two sheet-like separation membranes 10 are prepared.
  • the first flow path members 13 can be disposed between the porous support layers facing each other. .
  • the two opposite sides of the two sheet-like separation membranes 10 are sealed, and the first flow path material 13 is inserted into the tubular sheet-like separation membrane 10.
  • the sealing of the two sides can be performed by adhesion using an adhesive or heat fusion. It is possible to use a cylindrical sheet-shaped separation membrane 10 that is formed in a cylindrical shape from the beginning, and fold one sheet-shaped separation membrane 10 in half to seal one end. You may produce by doing.
  • a plurality of cylindrical sheet-like separation membranes 10 with the first flow path members 13 inserted therein and a plurality of second flow path members 14 are alternately stacked. While forming the body 11, the outer wall board 18 is arrange
  • the end portion of the laminate 11 and the outer wall plate 18 is cast or the like to form the sealing portion 12, thereby obtaining the main body portion of the separation membrane element.
  • casting is performed with the opening of the tubular sheet-shaped separation membrane 10 being opened, or the temporary opening is sealed by casting, and then the casting is subjected to processing such as cutting.
  • the conditions for solidifying the resin can be determined according to the resin used.
  • the sheet-like separation membrane 10 has a separation active layer and a porous support layer, and the first flow path member 13 is separated on the porous support layer side.
  • the second flow path member 14 is disposed on the active layer side.
  • the laminated body 11 is provided with the sealing part 12 and the outer wall board 18 which prevent that a 1st flow path and a 2nd flow path mix, and the edge part (2 side which the sheet-like separation membrane 10 opposes ( 5D, at least the sheet-like separation membrane 10 is bonded with an adhesive resin, and the first flow path has a sealing portion 12 that opens to the end surface.
  • the first flow path material 13 extends to the opening end of the first flow path.
  • resin As the material of the outer wall plate 18, resin, fiber reinforced resin, ceramics, metal, or the like can be used according to the working pressure of the separation membrane element.
  • the shape of the housing 30 in a plan view may be any.
  • the shape of the housing 30 in plan view may be a polygon such as a square, a rhombus, or a hexagon.
  • the membrane separation apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of the separation membrane elements E of the present invention described above are arranged in parallel (including the case where they are stacked). At this time, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 8, a plurality of separation membrane elements E are arranged side by side with the bottom surface portion 36 and the top surface portion 37 approaching each other, and the first liquid supply / discharge ports 23a, 23b and The two liquid supply / discharge ports 24 a and 24 b are preferably connected to each other by a connector 33. By connecting in this way, each separation membrane element E can be connected in parallel.
  • the connector 33 has a flange portion with an enlarged diameter at the middle portion, and holds O-rings 33a and the like on the outer circumferences on both sides thereof. Thereby, the liquid-tightness of the connection between the separation membrane elements E is maintained. Further, in order to prevent a gap from being formed between the separation membrane elements E due to the interposition of the flange portion of the connector 33, the supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b of the bottom surface portion 36 and the top surface portion 37 of the separation membrane element E are provided. A counterbore is preferably formed around the periphery.
  • the housing 30 of the plurality of separation membrane elements E is cylindrical, By laminating and connecting in the same manner as in FIG. 7, it is possible to provide a membrane separation apparatus accommodated in a cylindrical container.

Abstract

The objective of the present invention is to provide: a separation membrane element that can be produced simply with a small number of components and enables an increase in space efficiency by laminating a plurality of said elements; and a membrane separation device that uses said separation membrane element. This membrane separation device is provided with a laminate 11 formed by laminating a plurality of quadrilateral sheet-like separation membranes 10, and with a housing 30 that houses said laminate 11. The laminate 11 is formed by laminating a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes 10 and has: a first channel P1 that communicates from both end surfaces, which are disposed along two opposing sides of the sheet-like separation membranes 10, to one surface of the sheet-like separation membranes 10; and a second channel P2 that communicates from both end surfaces, which are disposed along the remaining two sides of the sheet-like separation membranes 10, to the other surface of the sheet-like separation membranes 10. Between the inner surface of the housing 30 and the end surface of the laminate 11, there are two first space portions 21a, 21b that communicate with the first channel P1 from both sides, and two second space portions 22a, 22b that communicate with the second channel P2 from both sides.

Description

分離膜エレメント及び膜分離装置Separation membrane element and membrane separation device
 本発明は、シート状分離膜により液体等を分離するための分離膜エレメント及びこれを用いた膜分離装置に関するものであり、種々の膜分離方式に使用可能であるが、特に正浸透膜分離方式に使用する分離膜エレメント等として有用である。 The present invention relates to a separation membrane element for separating a liquid or the like by a sheet-like separation membrane and a membrane separation apparatus using the same, and can be used for various membrane separation methods. It is useful as a separation membrane element used in the above.
 排水処理、海水淡水化、浸透膜発電など、正浸透現象を用いた膜システムの開発、利用が活発化している。廃水処理では高浸透圧の液を用いて廃水中の水を抽出し、廃水を減容化することが検討されている。海水淡水化では前処理に用いることで海水の浸透圧を下げて省エネルギーを図ったり、濃縮水処理に用いることで濃縮水の塩濃度を下げて環境負荷を低減することが行われる。浸透膜発電では高濃度液と低濃度液の浸透圧差により水流を作り出して水力タービンを回し、環境に優しい再生可能エネルギーを創出する試みがなされている。このように正浸透現象を利用した技術開発が活発化しているため、それに用いることができる高効率で経済的、かつ信頼性の高い正浸透膜モジュールが強く求められている。 Development and use of membrane systems using forward osmosis, such as wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, and osmotic membrane power generation, are becoming more active. In wastewater treatment, it has been studied to extract water from wastewater using a high osmotic pressure liquid to reduce the volume of wastewater. In seawater desalination, energy saving is achieved by reducing the osmotic pressure of seawater by using it for pretreatment, or the environmental load is reduced by reducing the salt concentration of concentrated water by using it for concentrated water treatment. In osmotic membrane power generation, attempts have been made to create environmentally friendly renewable energy by creating a water flow by the difference in osmotic pressure between high-concentration liquid and low-concentration liquid and turning the hydro turbine. Thus, since technological development utilizing the forward osmosis phenomenon has been activated, a highly efficient, economical and reliable forward osmosis membrane module that can be used therefor is strongly demanded.
 正浸透膜モジュールに使用する分離膜エレメントにおいては、膜の両面に浸透圧の異なる液を流す必要がある。例えば、廃水の減容化を行う場合には、高浸透圧側にドローソリューション(Draw Solution、DS)、低浸透圧側に廃水(被処理液、Feed Solution、FS)を供給し、DSとFSの両方を流動させる必要がある。正浸透膜エレメントではFS側からDS側に水が移動することでFSの減容化が行われるが、両者のうちの一方でも流動させない場合は膜近傍の濃度分極層が発達して透過水量の著しい低下をもたらす。 In the separation membrane element used for the forward osmosis membrane module, it is necessary to flow liquids having different osmotic pressures on both sides of the membrane. For example, when reducing the volume of wastewater, supply a draw solution (Draw Solution, DS) to the high osmotic pressure side and waste water (processed liquid, Feed Solution, FS) to the low osmotic pressure side. Both DS and FS Need to flow. In the forward osmosis membrane element, the volume of FS is reduced by moving water from the FS side to the DS side. However, if one of the two is not allowed to flow, a concentration polarization layer near the membrane develops and the amount of permeated water is reduced. Cause a significant drop.
 スパイラル型正浸透膜エレメントにおいては、一方の流体を中心管の軸方向と平行に膜リーフの外部に流し(スパイラル逆浸透膜における供給水の流れ方向と同じ)、もう一方の流体は中心管の一方の端部から流入させ、膜リーフの内部を通って(スイープさせ)中心管のもう一方の端部から流出させる構造が知られている(例えば、特許文献1)。 In the spiral type forward osmosis membrane element, one fluid flows outside the membrane leaf in parallel with the axial direction of the central tube (the same as the flow direction of the feed water in the spiral reverse osmosis membrane), and the other fluid flows in the central tube. A structure is known in which the gas is introduced from one end, passed through the inside of the membrane leaf (swept), and discharged from the other end of the central tube (for example, Patent Document 1).
 しかし、スパイラル型の正浸透膜エレメントでは、膜リーフ内部の隅部に死水域を生じること、および流路を画すために膜面の一部を覆う接着樹脂ラインを設けることが必要であることから、膜面を有効に活用することが難しい。また、膜リーフ内の流路が蛇行して流路長が長くなることから、圧力損失が高くなるという問題もあった。 However, in the spiral type forward osmosis membrane element, it is necessary to create a dead water area at the corner inside the membrane leaf and to provide an adhesive resin line that covers a part of the membrane surface in order to define the flow path It is difficult to make effective use of the membrane surface. Moreover, since the flow path in the membrane leaf meanders and the flow path length becomes long, there is a problem that the pressure loss becomes high.
 一方、膜リーフ内の2つの流路が直線的に流動可能な構造になる積層型の膜分離装置が知られている(例えば、特許文献2)。この文献に記載された膜分離装置では、透過側流路材を内挿した筒状のシート状分離膜の複数が間隔を隔てて積層され、筒状のシート状分離膜が開口する二辺に透過液の排出部が設けられ、残りの二辺に原液の給液部と濃縮液の排出部が設けられている。この膜分離装置の構造は、流路が直線的であるため、低圧損化のためには好都合である。 On the other hand, there is known a laminated membrane separation device in which two flow paths in a membrane leaf can flow linearly (for example, Patent Document 2). In the membrane separation apparatus described in this document, a plurality of cylindrical sheet-shaped separation membranes with a permeate-side flow path material inserted therein are stacked at intervals, and the cylindrical sheet-shaped separation membranes are opened on two sides. A permeate discharge unit is provided, and the remaining two sides are provided with a stock solution supply unit and a concentrate discharge unit. This structure of the membrane separation apparatus is convenient for reducing the pressure loss because the flow path is linear.
米国特許4033878号明細書U.S. Pat. No. 4,033,878 特開平6-277463号公報JP-A-6-277463
 しかしながら、特許文献2に記載された膜分離装置は、分離膜エレメントの形態をとっておらず、膜分離装置を複数積層して使用することが想定されていない。このため、透過液の排出部等がフランジ構造によって分離膜の積層部に連結されており、複数の膜分離装置を積層して使用する場合に、スペース効率が悪いという問題があった。 However, the membrane separation device described in Patent Document 2 does not take the form of a separation membrane element, and it is not assumed that a plurality of membrane separation devices are stacked. For this reason, the permeate discharge part and the like are connected to the separation part of the separation membrane by the flange structure, and there is a problem that the space efficiency is poor when a plurality of membrane separation devices are used in a laminated manner.
 また、分離膜の積層体の4箇所にフランジを設け、各々にエンドキャップを取り付ける構造であるため、装置全体の構造が複雑になり、部品点数も多くなるため、製造コストの面で、実用的とは言い難かった。 In addition, the flanges are provided at four locations on the separation membrane stack, and end caps are attached to each of them, which complicates the overall structure of the device and increases the number of parts, making it practical in terms of manufacturing costs. It was hard to say.
 このような分離膜エレメントのスペース効率や製造コストの問題は、正浸透膜分離方式に限らず、種々の膜分離方式に共通して生じ得る課題である。 Such a problem of space efficiency and manufacturing cost of the separation membrane element is a problem that may occur not only in the forward osmosis membrane separation method but also in various membrane separation methods.
 そこで、本発明の目的は、少ない部品点数で簡易に製造でき、また複数を積層して使用することでスペース効率を高めることができる分離膜エレメント及びこれを用いた膜分離装置を提供することにある。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a separation membrane element that can be easily manufactured with a small number of parts and that can be used by stacking a plurality of components, and a membrane separation device using the same. is there.
 上記目的は、下記の如き本発明により達成できる。   
 即ち、本発明の分離膜エレメントは、
 四辺を有するシート状分離膜が複数積層され、前記シート状分離膜の対向する二辺に沿って配された両側の端面から前記シート状分離膜の一方の面に連通する第1流路と、前記シート状分離膜の残りの二辺に沿って配された両側の端面から前記シート状分離膜の他方の面に連通する第2流路と、を有する積層体と、
 前記積層体を収容し、側壁部と底面部と上面部とを有するハウジングと、を備え、
 前記ハウジングは、その内面と前記積層体の端面との間に、前記第1流路に両側から連通する2つの第1空間部と、前記第2流路に両側から連通する2つの第2空間部とを有すると共に、前記第1空間部の各々に設けた第1液体の給排出口と、前記第2空間部の各々に設けた第2液体の給排出口と、を有することを特徴とする。
The above object can be achieved by the present invention as described below.
That is, the separation membrane element of the present invention is
A plurality of sheet-like separation membranes having four sides, a first flow path communicating from one end surface of both sides of the sheet-like separation membrane to one side of the sheet-like separation membrane disposed along two opposing sides of the sheet-like separation membrane; A laminated body having a second flow path communicating from the end faces on both sides arranged along the remaining two sides of the sheet-shaped separation membrane to the other surface of the sheet-shaped separation membrane;
A housing that houses the laminate and has a side wall, a bottom surface, and a top surface;
The housing has two first spaces communicating between the inner surface and the end surface of the laminate from both sides of the first flow path, and two second spaces communicating from both sides of the second flow path. A first liquid supply / discharge port provided in each of the first space portions, and a second liquid supply / discharge port provided in each of the second space portions. To do.
 本発明の分離膜エレメントによると、側壁部と底面部と上面部とを有するハウジングに、シート状分離膜が複数積層された積層体を収容して、第1流路に両側から連通する2つの第1空間部と、第2流路に両側から連通する2つの第2空間部とを、ハウジング内に形成しているため、4つの空間部を形成するための部材が個々に必要でなくなる。また、ハウジングが側壁部と底面部と上面部とで形成される構造のため、ハウジング同士を接近して併設、積層することが可能となる。その結果、少ない部品点数で簡易に製造でき、また複数を積層して使用することでスペース効率を高めることができる分離膜エレメントを提供することができる。 According to the separation membrane element of the present invention, a housing having a side wall portion, a bottom surface portion, and an upper surface portion is accommodated with a laminated body in which a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes are laminated, and the first flow path is communicated from both sides. Since the first space portion and the two second space portions communicating with the second flow path from both sides are formed in the housing, members for forming the four space portions are not required individually. Further, since the housing is formed by the side wall portion, the bottom surface portion, and the top surface portion, the housings can be brought close to each other and stacked. As a result, it is possible to provide a separation membrane element that can be easily manufactured with a small number of components, and that can be used by stacking a plurality of components to improve space efficiency.
 上記において、前記ハウジングは、前記側壁部の内面に前記積層体の角部を接近させて収容すると共に、前記側壁部の内面と前記積層体の角部との間には弾性体を介在させていることが好ましい。このような構造によると、積層体の角部と側壁部の内面とを利用して、それらの間に弾性体を介在させることで、積層体の収容容積を多くしながら、各々の空間部の間を弾性体によってシールすることができる。 In the above, the housing accommodates a corner portion of the laminate close to the inner surface of the side wall portion, and an elastic body is interposed between the inner surface of the side wall portion and the corner portion of the laminate body. Preferably it is. According to such a structure, by utilizing the corners of the laminate and the inner surfaces of the side walls, and interposing an elastic body between them, the capacity of each laminate is increased while increasing the capacity of the laminate. The space can be sealed with an elastic body.
 また、前記積層体は、四辺を有する複数のシート状分離膜と、前記シート状分離膜の第1流路側に配置した複数の第1流路材と、前記シート状分離膜の第2流路側に配置した複数の第2流路材と、第1流路と第2流路とが混合するのを防止する封止部と、を含むことが好ましい。このように、流路材を介在させることで、流路を確保しつつ分離膜同士を接近させることができ、有効膜面積をより高めることができる。 Further, the laminate includes a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes having four sides, a plurality of first flow passage materials arranged on the first flow passage side of the sheet-like separation membranes, and a second flow passage side of the sheet-like separation membranes. It is preferable that the 2nd flow path material arrange | positioned in 1 and the sealing part which prevents that a 1st flow path and a 2nd flow path mix. Thus, by interposing the flow path material, the separation membranes can be brought close to each other while securing the flow path, and the effective membrane area can be further increased.
 また、前記ハウジングの側壁部は、円筒形であることが好ましい。このような構造にすることで、4つの空間部をハウジング内にバランス良く形成できると共に、従来の円筒型の圧力容器に収容するのが容易になる。 The side wall of the housing is preferably cylindrical. With such a structure, the four space portions can be formed in a well-balanced manner in the housing, and can be easily accommodated in a conventional cylindrical pressure vessel.
 また、前記ハウジングの前記第1液体の給排出口は前記底面部と上面部とに設けられ、前記第2液体の給排出口は前記底面部と上面部とに設けられていることが好ましい。この構造によると、複数の分離膜エレメントを積層する際に、ハンヴングの底面部の給排出口と上面部の給排出口とを接続するだけで、分離膜エレメント同士の配管が可能となり、スペース効率をより高めることができる。 Further, it is preferable that the supply / discharge port of the first liquid of the housing is provided in the bottom surface portion and the top surface portion, and the supply / discharge port of the second liquid is provided in the bottom surface portion and the top surface portion. According to this structure, when stacking multiple separation membrane elements, piping between the separation membrane elements is possible by simply connecting the supply / discharge port on the bottom surface of the humming and the supply / discharge port on the top surface, thereby reducing space efficiency. Can be further enhanced.
 一方、本発明の膜分離装置は、上記いずれかに記載の分離膜エレメントの複数を並設してなる膜分離装置であることを特徴とする。本発明の膜分離装置によると、上記の如き作用効果を奏する分離膜エレメントが複数並設されているため、少ない部品点数で簡易に製造でき、また複数を積層して使用することでスペース効率を高めることができる膜分離装置を提供することができる。 On the other hand, the membrane separation apparatus of the present invention is a membrane separation apparatus in which a plurality of the separation membrane elements described above are arranged in parallel. According to the membrane separation apparatus of the present invention, since a plurality of separation membrane elements having the above-described effects are arranged in parallel, it can be easily manufactured with a small number of parts, and space efficiency can be improved by using a plurality of layers. A membrane separation apparatus that can be enhanced can be provided.
 特に、前記ハウジングの前記第1液体の給排出口が前記底面部と上面部とに設けられ、前記第2液体の給排出口とが前記底面部と上面部とに設けられている分離膜エレメントの複数を、前記底面部と前記上面部を接近させて並設すると共に、前記第1液体の給排出口同士および前記第2液体の給排出口同士をコネクタで各々接続していることが好ましい。このような構造によって、スペース効率をより高めた膜分離装置を構成することができる。 Particularly, the separation membrane element in which the first liquid supply / discharge port of the housing is provided in the bottom surface and the top surface, and the second liquid supply / discharge port is provided in the bottom surface and the top surface. It is preferable that a plurality of the first liquid supply port and the second liquid supply port are connected to each other by a connector. . With such a structure, it is possible to configure a membrane separation device with higher space efficiency.
本発明の分離膜エレメントの一例を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows an example of the separation membrane element of this invention. 本発明の分離膜エレメントの一例を示す分解斜視図。The disassembled perspective view which shows an example of the separation membrane element of this invention. 本発明の分離膜エレメントの製造工程の一例を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows an example of the manufacturing process of the separation membrane element of this invention. 本発明の分離膜エレメントの使用形態の一例を示す縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of the usage condition of the separation membrane element of this invention. 本発明の分離膜エレメントの製造工程の他の例を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the other example of the manufacturing process of the separation membrane element of this invention. 本発明の分離膜エレメントの他の例を示す平面図。The top view which shows the other example of the separation membrane element of this invention. 本発明の膜分離装置の一例を示す縦断面図。The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows an example of the membrane separator of this invention. 本発明の膜分離装置の一例を示す組立図。The assembly drawing which shows an example of the membrane separator of this invention.
 (分離膜エレメント)
 本発明の分離膜エレメントは、図1~図2に示すように、四辺を有するシート状分離膜10が複数積層された積層体11と、前記積層体11を収容し、側壁部35と底面部36と上面部37とを有するハウジング30と、を備えている。この積層体11は、図2に示すように、四辺を有するシート状分離膜10が複数積層され、シート状分離膜10の対向する二辺に沿って配された両側の端面から前記シート状分離膜10の一方の面に連通する第1流路P1と、シート状分離膜10の残りの二辺に沿って配された両側の端面からシート状分離膜10の他方の面に連通する第2流路P2と、を有する。
(Separation membrane element)
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the separation membrane element of the present invention accommodates a laminate 11 in which a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes 10 having four sides are laminated, the laminate 11, and includes a side wall portion 35 and a bottom portion. 36 and a housing 30 having an upper surface portion 37. As shown in FIG. 2, the laminate 11 includes a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes 10 having four sides, and the sheet-like separation from two end faces arranged along two opposite sides of the sheet-like separation membrane 10. A first flow path P1 that communicates with one surface of the membrane 10 and a second channel that communicates with the other surface of the sheet-like separation membrane 10 from both end faces disposed along the remaining two sides of the sheet-like separation membrane 10. And a flow path P2.
 本実施形態では、積層体11が、四辺を有する複数のシート状分離膜10と、シート状分離膜10の第1流路側に配置した複数の第1流路材13と、第2流路側に配置した複数の第2流路材14と、第1流路と第2流路とが混合するのを防止する封止部12と、を備えている例を示す。 In the present embodiment, the laminate 11 includes a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes 10 having four sides, a plurality of first flow passage members 13 arranged on the first flow passage side of the sheet-like separation membrane 10, and a second flow passage side. An example including a plurality of arranged second flow path members 14 and a sealing portion 12 that prevents the first flow path and the second flow path from mixing with each other will be described.
 本発明では、図3(a)に示すように、四辺を有する板状に形成された封止部12であって、一方の面には対向する二辺の全長にわたって第1流路材13が配置される第1流路凹部12dを有し、他方の面には対向する他の二辺の全長にわたって第2流路材14が配置される第2流路凹部12eを有するものを使用するのが好ましい。 In this invention, as shown to Fig.3 (a), it is the sealing part 12 formed in the plate shape which has four sides, Comprising: On the one surface, the 1st flow-path material 13 is extended over the full length of two sides which oppose. The first channel recess 12d is disposed, and the other surface having the second channel recess 12e in which the second channel material 14 is disposed over the entire length of the other two opposite sides is used. Is preferred.
 そのような封止部12を用いる場合、図3(b)に示すように、第1流路材13と第2流路材14とが配置された封止部12とシート状分離膜10とが交互に複数積層される。その際、隣接する封止部12同士を接着等によって液密状態で固着することで、対向する二辺の端面に第1流路又は第2流路の一方が開口し、残りの二辺の端面に第1流路又は第2流路の他方が開口する積層体11を形成することができる。 When using such a sealing part 12, as shown in FIG.3 (b), the sealing part 12 with which the 1st flow path material 13 and the 2nd flow path material 14 are arrange | positioned, and the sheet-like separation membrane 10 and Are stacked alternately. At that time, by adhering the adjacent sealing portions 12 to each other in a liquid-tight state by adhesion or the like, one of the first flow path or the second flow path is opened at the end faces of the two opposite sides, and the remaining two sides The laminated body 11 in which the other of the first flow path or the second flow path opens can be formed on the end surface.
 このような積層体11の最上部と最下部の両側に配置した封止部12は、外壁板18としての機能を備えている。また、別途、外壁板18を両側に追加して設けてもよい。このような封止部12は、第1流路凹部12dと第2流路凹部12eを有する樹脂成形体として製造することが可能であるが、第1流路材13と第2流路材14とが各々配置されて、封止部12と一体に成形されたものとして製造することも可能である。更に、シート状分離膜10も含めて、一体に成形することも可能である。 The sealing portions 12 arranged on both the uppermost and lowermost sides of the laminate 11 have a function as the outer wall plate 18. In addition, an outer wall plate 18 may be additionally provided on both sides. Such a sealing portion 12 can be manufactured as a resin molded body having the first flow path recess 12d and the second flow path recess 12e, but the first flow path material 13 and the second flow path material 14 are used. It is also possible to manufacture each of which is arranged integrally with the sealing portion 12. Further, the sheet-like separation membrane 10 can be integrally formed.
 封止部12を構成する樹脂としては、熱硬化性樹脂、熱可塑性樹脂、耐熱性樹脂などが挙げられる。熱可塑性樹脂としては、ABS樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリスチレン、アクリル樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ポリエステル、ポリアミドなどが挙げられる。また、耐熱性樹脂としては、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルサルホン、芳香族系のポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリエステルなどが挙げられる。熱硬化性樹脂としては、エポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、アミノ樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、シリコーン樹脂、または熱硬化性ポリイミド樹脂等が挙げられる。なかでも、ABS樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂などの熱可塑性樹脂が好ましく用いられる。これらの樹脂は、分離膜の種類およびエレメントの用途により適宜選択することが可能である。 Examples of the resin constituting the sealing portion 12 include a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, and a heat resistant resin. Examples of the thermoplastic resin include ABS resin, vinyl chloride resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylic resin, fluororesin, polyester, and polyamide. Examples of the heat resistant resin include polysulfone, polyethersulfone, aromatic polyimide, polyamide, and polyester. Examples of the thermosetting resin include epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, phenol resins, amino resins, polyurethane resins, silicone resins, and thermosetting polyimide resins. Of these, thermoplastic resins such as ABS resin and vinyl chloride resin are preferably used. These resins can be appropriately selected depending on the type of separation membrane and the use of the element.
 本発明では、好ましくはシート状分離膜10と第1流路材13と第2流路材14とからなる積層単位が複数積層されて、積層体11が形成されている。このような積層体11における積層単位の数は、例えば2~200枚であり、20~100枚であることが好ましい。なお、筒状に形成されたシート状分離膜10の積層単位は、2枚分のシート状分離膜10を含むため、積層単位を2枚分として計算する。 In the present invention, a laminate 11 is preferably formed by laminating a plurality of laminate units each including the sheet-like separation membrane 10, the first channel material 13, and the second channel material 14. The number of lamination units in such a laminate 11 is, for example, 2 to 200, and preferably 20 to 100. In addition, since the lamination | stacking unit of the sheet-like separation membrane 10 formed in the cylinder shape contains the sheet-like separation membrane 10 for two sheets, it calculates as a lamination | stacking unit for two sheets.
 シート状分離膜10としては、限外ろ過膜、ナノろ過膜、逆浸透膜、透析膜、正浸透膜など何れでも良いが、本発明の分離膜エレメントでは、第1液路及び第2流路をクロスフローにできるため、シート状分離膜10が正浸透膜である場合に特に有効である。 The sheet-like separation membrane 10 may be any of an ultrafiltration membrane, a nanofiltration membrane, a reverse osmosis membrane, a dialysis membrane, a forward osmosis membrane, etc. In the separation membrane element of the present invention, the first liquid path and the second flow path This is particularly effective when the sheet-like separation membrane 10 is a forward osmosis membrane.
 シート状分離膜10としては、上記の膜の種類に応じた材質が選択可能である。例えば、シート状分離膜10が分離活性層と多孔性支持層とを有する場合、多孔性支持層としては、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルサルホン、エポキシ樹脂、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、などで形成された多孔質膜、また、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリオレフィンなどで形成された不織布などが使用される。 As the sheet-like separation membrane 10, a material corresponding to the type of the membrane can be selected. For example, when the sheet-like separation membrane 10 has a separation active layer and a porous support layer, the porous support layer is a porous membrane formed of polysulfone, polyethersulfone, epoxy resin, polyamide, polyimide, or the like. In addition, a nonwoven fabric formed of polyester, polyamide, polyolefin or the like is used.
 分離活性層としては、ポリアミド、酢酸セルロース、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、フッ化ビニリデン、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリ塩化ビニル-ポリアクリロニトリル共重合体、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド、ポリビニルアルコールなどで形成されたものが挙げられる。これらの材料で形成した単層の分離膜を使用することも可能である。 Examples of the separation active layer include those formed of polyamide, cellulose acetate, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, vinylidene fluoride, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl chloride-polyacrylonitrile copolymer, epoxy resin, polyimide, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like. . It is also possible to use a single-layer separation membrane formed of these materials.
 シート状分離膜10の厚みとしては、0.01~1.0mmが好ましく、0.02~0.3mmがより好ましい。 The thickness of the sheet-like separation membrane 10 is preferably 0.01 to 1.0 mm, more preferably 0.02 to 0.3 mm.
 第1流路材13としては、樹脂等からなるネット、織物、編み物などが好ましく用いられ、ネットの開口形状としては、三角形、四角形(菱形、正方形、長方形、平行四辺形等)、六角形などが挙げられる。 As the first flow path member 13, a net made of resin or the like, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, or the like is preferably used. As the opening shape of the net, a triangle, a quadrangle (rhombus, square, rectangle, parallelogram, etc.), a hexagon, or the like is used. Is mentioned.
 第1流路材13を3層構造とする場合、内層流路材として緻密構造のダイヤモンド形押し出し成形ネットを使用し、外層流路材として更に緻密な構造の平織りネットを使用することが好ましい。 When the first channel material 13 has a three-layer structure, it is preferable to use a diamond-shaped extruded net having a dense structure as the inner layer channel material and a plain weave net having a more dense structure as the outer layer channel material.
 ネットの厚みは、例えば0.12~2mmが挙げられる。ネットを構成するネット糸径は例えば 0.06~1mmが挙げられる。ネットの開口率は例えば70~95%が挙げられる。 The thickness of the net is, for example, 0.12 to 2 mm. The net yarn diameter constituting the net is, for example, 0.06 to 1 mm. For example, the net aperture ratio is 70 to 95%.
 第1流路材13の材質としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリスルホン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリフェニレンサルファイドポロフェニレンエーテル、ポリカーボネート、ナイロンを主原料とするものが挙げられる。 Examples of the material of the first flow path material 13 include materials mainly composed of polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyphenylene sulfide polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate, and nylon.
 第2流路材14としては、樹脂等からなるネット、織物、編み物などが好ましく用いられ、ネットの開口形状としては、三角形、四角形(菱形、正方形、長方形、平行四辺形等)、六角形などが挙げられる。 As the second flow path member 14, a net made of resin or the like, woven fabric, knitted fabric or the like is preferably used, and the opening shape of the net is a triangle, a quadrangle (such as a rhombus, a square, a rectangle, a parallelogram), a hexagon, or the like. Is mentioned.
 ネットの厚みは、例えば0.12~2mmが挙げられる。ネットを構成するネット糸径は例えば0.06~1mmが挙げられる。ネットの開口率は例えば70~95%が挙げられる。 The thickness of the net is, for example, 0.12 to 2 mm. The net yarn diameter constituting the net is, for example, 0.06 to 1 mm. For example, the net aperture ratio is 70 to 95%.
 第2流路材14の材質としては、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリスルホン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリフェニレンサルファイドポロフェニレンエーテル、ポリカーボネート、ナイロンを主原料とするものが挙げられる。 Examples of the material of the second flow path material 14 include materials mainly composed of polypropylene, polyethylene, polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyphenylene sulfide polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate, and nylon.
 積層体11の外形のサイズとしては、例えば長辺が200~1000mm、短辺が200~1000mm、高さが20~200mm程度である。 The size of the outer shape of the laminate 11 is, for example, a long side of 200 to 1000 mm, a short side of 200 to 1000 mm, and a height of about 20 to 200 mm.
 本発明の分離膜エレメントは、以上のような積層体11を収容するハウジング30を備えるが、このハウジング30は、図1に示すように、側壁部35と底面部36と上面部37とを有している。本実施形態では、ハウジング30の側壁部35が円筒形である場合の例を示す。 The separation membrane element of the present invention includes a housing 30 that accommodates the laminate 11 as described above. This housing 30 has a side wall portion 35, a bottom surface portion 36, and an upper surface portion 37 as shown in FIG. is doing. In this embodiment, the example in case the side wall part 35 of the housing 30 is cylindrical is shown.
 ハウジング30の材質としては、塩化ビニル、ポリカーボネート、ポリプロピレン等の樹脂、各種樹脂をガラス等の繊維で補強した繊維強化樹脂、アルミ、銅等の金属、セラミックスなどが使用可能であるが、繊維強化樹脂が最も好ましい。 As the material of the housing 30, resins such as vinyl chloride, polycarbonate, and polypropylene, fiber reinforced resins obtained by reinforcing various resins with fibers such as glass, metals such as aluminum and copper, ceramics, and the like can be used. Is most preferred.
 ハウジング30は、例えば、側壁部35と底面部36とを一体成形した成形体に、積層体11を収容した後、上面部37を接着、溶着等で接合することで、給排出口23a~24b以外の部分を液密な構造とすることができる。 For example, the housing 30 is formed by integrally molding the side wall portion 35 and the bottom surface portion 36, and after housing the laminate 11, the upper surface portion 37 is bonded, welded, or the like to join the supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b. The part other than can be made into a liquid-tight structure.
 本発明では、ハウジング30の内面と積層体11の端面との間に、第1流路P1に両側から連通する2つの第1空間部21a、21bと、第2流路P2に両側から連通する2つの第2空間部22a、22bとを有している。分離膜エレメントの使用時には、必要に応じて、これらの第1空間部21a、21b、第2空間部22a、22bに、第1液体と第2液体とがそれぞれ満たされる。 In the present invention, between the inner surface of the housing 30 and the end surface of the multilayer body 11, two first spaces 21a and 21b that communicate with the first flow path P1 from both sides and the second flow path P2 communicate with both sides. Two second spaces 22a and 22b are provided. When the separation membrane element is used, the first liquid and the second liquid are filled in the first space 21a and 21b and the second space 22a and 22b, respectively, as necessary.
 ハウジング30は、前記積層体11を収容可能なサイズであればよいが、その側壁部35の内面に前記積層体11の角部を接近させて収容可能なサイズとすることが、有効膜面積を増加させつつ、角部のシールを簡易に行なう観点から好ましい。その場合、側壁部35の内面と積層体11の角部とを、封止樹脂で封止することも可能であるが、両者の間には弾性体(図示省略)を介在させて、隣接する空間部同士をシールしてもよい。 The housing 30 may be of a size that can accommodate the laminate 11, but the effective membrane area can be reduced by making the corner of the laminate 11 close to the inner surface of the side wall portion 35. It is preferable from the viewpoint of easily sealing the corner while increasing the number. In that case, the inner surface of the side wall portion 35 and the corner portion of the laminated body 11 can be sealed with a sealing resin, but an elastic body (not shown) is interposed between the two and adjacent to each other. The space portions may be sealed.
 また、積層体11と底面部36又は上面部37とのシールも行なうことが好ましい。その場合、積層体11の底面と底面部36とを接着により封止する方法や、弾性体からなるシール材を用いて封止する方法が挙げられる。積層体11の上面と上面部37とのシールについても同様に行なうことができる。 It is also preferable to perform a seal between the laminate 11 and the bottom surface portion 36 or the top surface portion 37. In that case, a method of sealing the bottom surface and the bottom surface portion 36 of the laminated body 11 by adhesion, or a method of sealing using a sealing material made of an elastic body can be mentioned. The sealing between the upper surface of the laminated body 11 and the upper surface portion 37 can be similarly performed.
 弾性体としては、ゴム、熱可塑性エラストマーなどが使用可能であり、断面形状としては、積層体11の角部に外接させ易いように、L字型、コの字型などが好ましい。また、積層体11の全ての辺(12辺)に外接するような形状の弾性体を使用することも可能である。これにより、角部と上面と底面とのシールを好適に行なうことができる。 As the elastic body, rubber, thermoplastic elastomer or the like can be used, and the cross-sectional shape is preferably L-shaped or U-shaped so that it can be easily circumscribed on the corner of the laminate 11. Moreover, it is also possible to use an elastic body having a shape that circumscribes all the sides (12 sides) of the laminate 11. Thereby, a seal | sticker with a corner | angular part, an upper surface, and a bottom face can be performed suitably.
 本発明におけるハウジング30は、第1空間部21a、21bの各々に設けた第1液体の給排出口23a、23bと、第2空間部22a、22bの各々に設けた第2液体の給排出口24a、24bと、を有する。本実施形態では、ハウジング30の第1液体の給排出口23a、23bが底面部36と上面部37とに設けられ、第2液体の給排出口24a、24bが底面部36と上面部37に設けられている例を示す。これらの給排出口23a~24bは、接続された配管を利用して、液体の給排出を行なうことができる。 The housing 30 in the present invention includes a first liquid supply / discharge port 23a, 23b provided in each of the first space portions 21a, 21b and a second liquid supply / discharge port provided in each of the second space portions 22a, 22b. 24a, 24b. In the present embodiment, the first liquid supply / discharge ports 23 a and 23 b of the housing 30 are provided in the bottom surface portion 36 and the top surface portion 37, and the second liquid supply and discharge ports 24 a and 24 b are provided in the bottom surface portion 36 and the top surface portion 37. An example is shown. These supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b can supply and discharge the liquid using a connected pipe.
 図1に示した例では、第1空間部21a、21bおよび第2空間部22a、22bの各々に、上下2つずつの給排出口23a~24bが設けられているが、分離膜エレメントを単数で用いる場合、例えば、図4に示すように、上下2つずつ設けられている給排出口23a~24bのうち、上下何れかを閉塞させて使用することも可能である。なお、図4には、分離膜エレメントを単数で用いる場合の例が示されている。 In the example shown in FIG. 1, the first space portions 21a and 21b and the second space portions 22a and 22b are provided with two upper and lower supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, it is also possible to use either one of the upper and lower supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b, which are provided at the top and bottom, as shown in FIG. FIG. 4 shows an example in which a single separation membrane element is used.
 この例では、プラグ32を用いて給排出口23a~24bの一部を閉塞させている。プラグ32は、オーリング32a等を外周面に保持することで、ハウジング30の底面部36又は上面部37との間の液密性を確保している。また、オーリング31a等を外周面に保持する接続部材31を、底面部36又は上面部37に挿入することで、配管を行なう際のハウジング30の液密性を確保している。 In this example, the plug 32 is used to block part of the supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b. The plug 32 retains the O-ring 32 a and the like on the outer peripheral surface, thereby ensuring liquid tightness with the bottom surface portion 36 or the top surface portion 37 of the housing 30. Further, the connection member 31 that holds the O-ring 31a and the like on the outer peripheral surface is inserted into the bottom surface portion 36 or the top surface portion 37, thereby ensuring the liquid tightness of the housing 30 when piping.
 更に、上下の補強板41、42により、積層体11を挟持し、周囲部をボルト43等で締結することで、分離膜エレメントの耐圧性を向上させている。このような補強板としては、例えばステンレス、アルミニウム等の金属や繊維補強樹脂などが挙げられる。 Furthermore, the pressure resistance of the separation membrane element is improved by sandwiching the laminated body 11 with the upper and lower reinforcing plates 41 and 42 and fastening the peripheral portion with bolts 43 or the like. Examples of such a reinforcing plate include metals such as stainless steel and aluminum, and fiber reinforced resins.
 給排出口23a~24bには、第1液体又は第2液体の給排出を行なうための配管が、必要に応じて、接続部材31を介して接続される。例えば、配管を経由して給排出口23aから第1液体として低濃度液(例えば淡水FW、被処理液FSなど)を供給し、膜分離後の低濃度液を給排出口23bから排出しながら、給排出口24aから第2液体として高濃度液(例えば海水SW、ドローソリューションDSなど)を供給し、膜分離後の高濃度液を給排出口24bから排出することで、本発明の分離膜エレメントを正浸透膜分離に利用することができる。 A pipe for supplying and discharging the first liquid or the second liquid is connected to the supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b via a connection member 31 as necessary. For example, a low-concentration liquid (for example, fresh water FW, liquid to be treated FS, etc.) is supplied as the first liquid from the supply / discharge port 23a via a pipe, and the low-concentration liquid after membrane separation is discharged from the supply / discharge port 23b. The high concentration liquid (for example, seawater SW, draw solution DS, etc.) is supplied as the second liquid from the supply / discharge port 24a, and the high concentration liquid after membrane separation is discharged from the supply / discharge port 24b. The element can be used for forward osmosis membrane separation.
 また、その他の膜分離方式においても、例えば給排出口24aから原液を供給して、濃縮液を給排出口24bから排出しながら、分離膜で分離された透過液を給排出口23bなどから排出することが可能となる。その際、スイープ流を給排出口23aから供給しながら、膜分離を行なうことも可能である。 Also in other membrane separation systems, for example, the raw liquid is supplied from the supply / discharge port 24a and the permeate separated by the separation membrane is discharged from the supply / discharge port 23b while discharging the concentrate from the supply / discharge port 24b. It becomes possible to do. At this time, it is also possible to perform membrane separation while supplying the sweep flow from the supply / discharge port 23a.
 (分離膜エレメントの他の実施形態)
 (1)前述の実施形態では、図3(b)に示すような封止部12を有する積層体11を使用する例を示したが、本発明では、封止部12をシート状分離膜10の対向する2辺にのみ形成することも可能である。その場合、本発明の分離膜エレメントは、例えば次のようにして製造される。
(Other embodiment of separation membrane element)
(1) In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the laminated body 11 having the sealing portion 12 as shown in FIG. 3B is used, but in the present invention, the sealing portion 12 is replaced with the sheet-like separation membrane 10. It is also possible to form only on two opposite sides. In that case, the separation membrane element of this invention is manufactured as follows, for example.
 まず、図5(a)に示すように、第1流路材13と2枚のシート状分離膜10とを準備する。このとき、例えば、シート状分離膜10が分離活性層と多孔性支持層とを有する場合、多孔性支持層の側同士を対向させて、その間に第1流路材13を配置することができる。 First, as shown in FIG. 5A, a first flow path material 13 and two sheet-like separation membranes 10 are prepared. At this time, for example, when the sheet-like separation membrane 10 has a separation active layer and a porous support layer, the first flow path members 13 can be disposed between the porous support layers facing each other. .
 次に、図5(b)に示すように、2枚のシート状分離膜10の対向する二辺を封止して、筒状のシート状分離膜10に第1流路材13が内挿されたものを作製する。二辺の封止は、接着剤を用いた接着や熱融着で行なうことが可能である。筒状のシート状分離膜10は、最初から筒状に作成したものを使用することも可能であり、また、1枚のシート状分離膜10を2つ折りにして、1つの端辺を封止することで作製してもよい。 Next, as shown in FIG. 5B, the two opposite sides of the two sheet-like separation membranes 10 are sealed, and the first flow path material 13 is inserted into the tubular sheet-like separation membrane 10. Make what was done. The sealing of the two sides can be performed by adhesion using an adhesive or heat fusion. It is possible to use a cylindrical sheet-shaped separation membrane 10 that is formed in a cylindrical shape from the beginning, and fold one sheet-shaped separation membrane 10 in half to seal one end. You may produce by doing.
 次に、図5(c)に示すように、第1流路材13が内挿された筒状のシート状分離膜10と第2流路材14とを、交互に複数積層して、積層体11を形成しつつ、その両側に外壁板18を配置する。 Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (c), a plurality of cylindrical sheet-like separation membranes 10 with the first flow path members 13 inserted therein and a plurality of second flow path members 14 are alternately stacked. While forming the body 11, the outer wall board 18 is arrange | positioned on the both sides.
 次に、図5(d)に示すように、積層体11と外壁板18の端部を注型等して封止部12を形成することで、分離膜エレメントの本体部を得る。その際、筒状のシート状分離膜10の開口部を開口したまま注型するか、あるいは注型により一時開口部を封止した後、注型部に切削等の処理を行い開口する。樹脂を固化する際の条件としては、使用する樹脂に応じて決定することができる。 Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (d), the end portion of the laminate 11 and the outer wall plate 18 is cast or the like to form the sealing portion 12, thereby obtaining the main body portion of the separation membrane element. At that time, casting is performed with the opening of the tubular sheet-shaped separation membrane 10 being opened, or the temporary opening is sealed by casting, and then the casting is subjected to processing such as cutting. The conditions for solidifying the resin can be determined according to the resin used.
 この実施形態では、図5(d)に示すように、シート状分離膜10が分離活性層と多孔性支持層とを有し、多孔性支持層の側に第1流路材13が、分離活性層の側に第2流路材14が配置されている。また、積層体11が第1流路と第2流路とが混合するのを防止する封止部12と外壁板18を備えており、シート状分離膜10の対向する二辺の端部(図5(d)では左右の両側)に、少なくともシート状分離膜10が接着樹脂で接着されて第1流路が端面に開口する封止部12を有する。図示した例では、第1流路の開口端まで第1流路材13が延びている。 In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 (d), the sheet-like separation membrane 10 has a separation active layer and a porous support layer, and the first flow path member 13 is separated on the porous support layer side. The second flow path member 14 is disposed on the active layer side. Moreover, the laminated body 11 is provided with the sealing part 12 and the outer wall board 18 which prevent that a 1st flow path and a 2nd flow path mix, and the edge part (2 side which the sheet-like separation membrane 10 opposes ( 5D, at least the sheet-like separation membrane 10 is bonded with an adhesive resin, and the first flow path has a sealing portion 12 that opens to the end surface. In the illustrated example, the first flow path material 13 extends to the opening end of the first flow path.
 外壁板18の材質としては、分離膜エレメントの使用圧力等に応じて、樹脂、繊維補強樹脂、セラミックス、金属などが使用可能である。 As the material of the outer wall plate 18, resin, fiber reinforced resin, ceramics, metal, or the like can be used according to the working pressure of the separation membrane element.
 (2)前述の実施形態では、平面視で円筒形のハウジング30を用いる例を示したが、本発明では、ハウジング30の平面視における形状は何れでもよい。例えば、図6(b)に示すように、楕円形でもよく、図6(c)に示すように、八角形でもよい。その他、ハウジング30の平面視における形状は、正方形、菱型、六角形などの多角形でもよい。 (2) In the above-described embodiment, an example in which the cylindrical housing 30 is used in a plan view is shown. However, in the present invention, the shape of the housing 30 in a plan view may be any. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), it may be elliptical, and as shown in FIG. 6 (c), it may be octagonal. In addition, the shape of the housing 30 in plan view may be a polygon such as a square, a rhombus, or a hexagon.
 (3)前述の実施形態では、液体の給排出口給排出口23a~24bがハウジング30の底面部36と上面部37とに設けられている例を示したが、本発明では、ハウジング30の側壁部35に、液体の給排出口給排出口23a~24bを設けてもよい。 (3) In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the liquid supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b are provided in the bottom surface portion 36 and the top surface portion 37 of the housing 30 has been described. The side wall portion 35 may be provided with liquid supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b.
 (膜分離装置)
 本発明の膜分離装置は、図7に示すように、以上で説明した本発明の分離膜エレメントEの複数を並設(積層する場合を含む)してなることを特徴とする。その際、図7~図8に示すように、分離膜エレメントEの複数を、底面部36と上面部37を接近させて並設すると共に、第1液体の給排出口23a、23b同士および第2液体の給排出口24a、24b同士をコネクタ33で各々接続することが好ましい。このように接続することで、各々の分離膜エレメントEを並列に接続することができる。
(Membrane separator)
As shown in FIG. 7, the membrane separation apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that a plurality of the separation membrane elements E of the present invention described above are arranged in parallel (including the case where they are stacked). At this time, as shown in FIGS. 7 to 8, a plurality of separation membrane elements E are arranged side by side with the bottom surface portion 36 and the top surface portion 37 approaching each other, and the first liquid supply / discharge ports 23a, 23b and The two liquid supply / discharge ports 24 a and 24 b are preferably connected to each other by a connector 33. By connecting in this way, each separation membrane element E can be connected in parallel.
 コネクタ33は、中間部に拡径したつば部を有しており、その両側の外周には、オーリング33a等を保持している。これにより、分離膜エレメントE同士の接続の液密性を保っている。また、コネクタ33のつば部が介在することで、分離膜エレメントE同士の間に間隙が生じるのを防ぐために、分離膜エレメントEの底面部36と上面部37との給排出口23a~24bの周囲には、座ぐり部を形成するのが好ましい。 The connector 33 has a flange portion with an enlarged diameter at the middle portion, and holds O-rings 33a and the like on the outer circumferences on both sides thereof. Thereby, the liquid-tightness of the connection between the separation membrane elements E is maintained. Further, in order to prevent a gap from being formed between the separation membrane elements E due to the interposition of the flange portion of the connector 33, the supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b of the bottom surface portion 36 and the top surface portion 37 of the separation membrane element E are provided. A counterbore is preferably formed around the periphery.
 (膜分離装置の他の実施形態)
 (1)前述の実施形態では、複数の分離膜エレメントEが、上下に積層されている例を示したが、本発明では、例えば、個々の分離膜エレメントEを垂直にして、前後または左右に並設することも可能である。
(Other embodiments of membrane separation apparatus)
(1) In the above-described embodiment, an example in which a plurality of separation membrane elements E are stacked one above the other has been shown. However, in the present invention, for example, the individual separation membrane elements E are vertically arranged in the front-rear or left-right direction. It is also possible to arrange them side by side.
 (2)前述の実施形態では、複数の分離膜エレメントEが、並列に接続される例を示したが、本発明では、複数の分離膜エレメントEを直列に接続することも可能である。その場合、プラグを使用して、給排出口23a~24bの一部を閉塞させ、分離膜エレメントEの第1流路P1又は第2流路P2を追加した第1液体又は第2液体のみが、次の分離膜エレメントEに供給されるようにコネクタ33により接続する。 (2) In the above-described embodiment, an example is shown in which a plurality of separation membrane elements E are connected in parallel. However, in the present invention, a plurality of separation membrane elements E can also be connected in series. In that case, only the first liquid or the second liquid in which a part of the supply / discharge ports 23a to 24b is closed using the plug and the first flow path P1 or the second flow path P2 of the separation membrane element E is added is used. The connector 33 is connected so as to be supplied to the next separation membrane element E.
 (3)前述の実施形態では、補強板41、42の間に複数の分離膜エレメントEを挟持する例を示したが、本発明では、複数の分離膜エレメントEのハウジング30を円筒型として、図7と同様に積層して接続することで、円筒型の容器内に収容した膜分離装置とすることも可能である。 (3) In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the plurality of separation membrane elements E are sandwiched between the reinforcing plates 41 and 42 has been shown. However, in the present invention, the housing 30 of the plurality of separation membrane elements E is cylindrical, By laminating and connecting in the same manner as in FIG. 7, it is possible to provide a membrane separation apparatus accommodated in a cylindrical container.
10    シート状分離膜
11    積層体
12    封止部
12d   第1流路凹部
12e   第2流路凹部
13    第1流路材
14    第2流路材
21a、21b    第1空間部
22a、22b    第2空間部
23a、23b    第1液体の給排出口
24a、24b    第2液体の給排出口
30    ハウジング
33    コネクタ
35    側壁部
36    底面部
37    上面部
E     分離膜エレメント
P1    第1流路
P2    第2流路
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Sheet-like separation membrane 11 Laminated body 12 Sealing part 12d 1st flow path recessed part 12e 2nd flow path recessed part 13 1st flow path material 14 2nd flow path material 21a, 21b 1st space part 22a, 22b 2nd space part 23a, 23b First liquid supply / discharge port 24a, 24b Second liquid supply / discharge port 30 Housing 33 Connector 35 Side wall 36 Bottom surface 37 Upper surface E Separation membrane element P1 First flow path P2 Second flow path

Claims (7)

  1.  四辺を有するシート状分離膜が複数積層され、前記シート状分離膜の対向する二辺に沿って配された両側の端面から前記シート状分離膜の一方の面に連通する第1流路と、前記シート状分離膜の残りの二辺に沿って配された両側の端面から前記シート状分離膜の他方の面に連通する第2流路と、を有する積層体と、
     前記積層体を収容し、側壁部と底面部と上面部とを有するハウジングと、を備え、
     前記ハウジングは、その内面と前記積層体の端面との間に、前記第1流路に両側から連通する2つの第1空間部と、前記第2流路に両側から連通する2つの第2空間部とを有すると共に、前記第1空間部の各々に設けた第1液体の給排出口と、前記第2空間部の各々に設けた第2液体の給排出口と、を有する分離膜エレメント。
    A plurality of sheet-like separation membranes having four sides, a first flow path communicating from one end surface of both sides of the sheet-like separation membrane to one side of the sheet-like separation membrane disposed along two opposing sides of the sheet-like separation membrane; A laminated body having a second flow path communicating from the end faces on both sides arranged along the remaining two sides of the sheet-shaped separation membrane to the other surface of the sheet-shaped separation membrane;
    A housing that houses the laminate and has a side wall, a bottom surface, and a top surface;
    The housing has two first spaces communicating between the inner surface and the end surface of the laminate from both sides of the first flow path, and two second spaces communicating from both sides of the second flow path. And a first liquid supply / discharge port provided in each of the first space portions, and a second liquid supply / discharge port provided in each of the second space portions.
  2.  前記ハウジングは、前記側壁部の内面に前記積層体の角部を接近させて収容すると共に、前記側壁部の内面と前記積層体の角部との間には弾性体を介在させている請求項1に記載の分離膜エレメント。 The said housing accommodates the corner | angular part of the said laminated body close to the inner surface of the said side wall part, and has interposed the elastic body between the inner surface of the said side wall part, and the corner | angular part of the said laminated body. 2. The separation membrane element according to 1.
  3.  前記積層体は、四辺を有する複数のシート状分離膜と、前記シート状分離膜の第1流路側に配置した複数の第1流路材と、前記シート状分離膜の第2流路側に配置した複数の第2流路材と、第1流路と第2流路とが混合するのを防止する封止部と、を含む請求項1又は2に記載の分離膜エレメント。 The laminate is arranged on a plurality of sheet-like separation membranes having four sides, a plurality of first channel materials arranged on the first channel side of the sheet-like separation membrane, and on a second channel side of the sheet-like separation membrane. The separation membrane element according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a plurality of the second flow path members and a sealing portion that prevents the first flow path and the second flow path from being mixed.
  4.  前記ハウジングの側壁部は、円筒形である請求項1~3いずれかに記載の分離膜エレメント。 The separation membrane element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the side wall of the housing has a cylindrical shape.
  5.  前記ハウジングの前記第1液体の給排出口は前記底面部と上面部とに設けられ、前記第2液体の給排出口は前記底面部と上面部とに設けられている請求項1~4いずれかに記載の分離膜エレメント。 The first liquid supply / discharge port of the housing is provided in the bottom surface portion and the top surface portion, and the second liquid supply / discharge port is provided in the bottom surface portion and the top surface portion. A separation membrane element according to any one of the above.
  6.  請求項1~5いずれかに記載の分離膜エレメントの複数を並設してなる膜分離装置。 A membrane separation apparatus comprising a plurality of separation membrane elements according to any one of claims 1 to 5 arranged in parallel.
  7.  請求項5に記載の分離膜エレメントの複数を、前記底面部と前記上面部を接近させて並設すると共に、前記第1液体の給排出口同士および前記第2液体の給排出口同士をコネクタで各々接続している膜分離装置。
     
     
    A plurality of separation membrane elements according to claim 5 are arranged side by side with the bottom surface portion and the top surface portion approaching each other, and the first liquid supply / discharge ports and the second liquid supply / discharge ports are connected to each other. Membrane separator connected with each.

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