WO2016199384A1 - 電池、電池パック、電子機器、電動車両、蓄電装置及び電力システム - Google Patents
電池、電池パック、電子機器、電動車両、蓄電装置及び電力システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016199384A1 WO2016199384A1 PCT/JP2016/002673 JP2016002673W WO2016199384A1 WO 2016199384 A1 WO2016199384 A1 WO 2016199384A1 JP 2016002673 W JP2016002673 W JP 2016002673W WO 2016199384 A1 WO2016199384 A1 WO 2016199384A1
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- electrode
- battery
- negative electrode
- positive electrode
- foil
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Images
Classifications
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
- B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
- H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
- H02J7/0032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits disconnection of loads if battery is not under charge, e.g. in vehicle if engine is not running
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- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- This technology relates to a battery, a battery pack, an electronic device, an electric vehicle, a power storage device, and a power system in which an electrode coated with an electrode mixture is wound and accommodated in a laminate exterior.
- the energy density of the battery can be improved by reducing the proportion of the member not involved in charging / discharging in the battery pack.
- the thickness of the foil or the separator is reduced, the safety of nail penetration is lowered. Therefore, in order to obtain a battery with ensured safety, it is necessary to keep the thickness of these members at a certain level or more.
- Patent Document 1 is a cylindrical battery having a structure different from that of a battery covered with an exterior material such as a laminate film. Furthermore, when a battery with a foil wound structure is actually manufactured, the safety is improved as compared with the case where the positive and negative electrode current collectors are not arranged on the outermost periphery, but the volume of the current collector that does not contribute to charging / discharging increases on the outermost periphery. As a result, there is a problem that the energy density is lowered.
- the present technology provides a battery, a battery pack, an electronic device, an electric vehicle, a power storage device, and an electric power system that can improve energy density while ensuring safety as compared with a conventional foil wound structure. Objective.
- the present technology provides a battery having an electrode winding body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound through a separator.
- the positive electrode the first exposure in which the positive electrode active material layer is formed on one surface of the positive electrode current collector and the positive electrode active material layer is not formed on the other surface of the positive electrode current collector in the outer periphery of the electrode winding body Has a surface
- the negative electrode a second exposure in which the negative electrode active material layer is formed on one surface of the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode active material layer is not formed on the other surface of the negative electrode current collector at the outer periphery of the electrode winding body Has a surface
- the battery is such that the first and second exposed surfaces face each other with a separator interposed therebetween.
- a 1st exposed surface is a battery which has opposed the area
- a 2nd exposed surface is a battery which has opposed the area
- the battery pack, the electronic device, the electric vehicle, the power storage device, and the power system according to the present technology include the above-described battery.
- the electrode active material layer since the electrode active material layer is applied to the back surface of the exposed surface of the current collector, it has a function as a battery, so that the energy density can be increased while ensuring safety.
- the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any of the effects described in the present technology.
- FIG. 1 It is a more detailed cross-sectional view of another example of a wound electrode body to which the present technology is applied. It is sectional drawing for description regarding a foil winding structure. It is sectional drawing for description of the wound electrode body to which this technique was applied. It is a basic diagram used for description regarding the thickness of the conventional winding electrode body (normal structure). It is a basic diagram used for description regarding the thickness of the conventional winding electrode body (foil winding structure). It is a basic diagram used for description regarding the thickness of the wound electrode body to which this technique was applied. It is a basic diagram used for description regarding the thickness of the wound electrode body to which this technique was applied. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the electrode lead of a battery pack.
- Example of battery> An example of a laminated film type battery to which the present technology can be applied will be described below (see, for example, JP-A-2001-266946).
- the present technology relates to a battery in which positive and negative electrodes each having an electrode active material layer applied continuously are wound and accommodated in an exterior member.
- FIG. 1 shows the configuration of such a nonaqueous electrolyte battery 21.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte battery 21 is obtained by accommodating the wound electrode body 10 together with an electrolyte (not shown) in a film-like exterior member 22.
- the exterior member 22 is made of, for example, a laminate film in which resin layers are formed on both surfaces of a metal layer.
- an outer resin layer is formed on a surface of the metal layer exposed to the outside of the battery, and an inner resin layer is formed on the inner surface of the battery facing the power generation element such as the wound electrode body 10.
- the metal layer plays the most important role of preventing moisture, oxygen and light from entering and protecting the contents, and aluminum (Al) or stainless steel is preferable from the viewpoint of lightness, extensibility, price, and ease of processing.
- the outer resin layer has a beautiful appearance, toughness, flexibility, and the like, and a resin material such as nylon or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is used.
- the inner resin layer is a portion that melts and fuses with heat or ultrasonic waves, a polyolefin resin is appropriate, and unstretched polypropylene (CPP) is often used.
- An adhesive layer may be provided between the metal layer, the outer resin layer, and the inner resin layer as necessary.
- the exterior member 22 is provided with a recess that accommodates the wound electrode body 10 formed by, for example, deep drawing from the inner resin layer side to the outer resin layer side, and the inner resin layer is the wound electrode body 10. It is arrange
- the inner resin layers facing each other of the exterior member 22 are in close contact with each other by fusion or the like at the outer edge of the recess.
- An adhesive film 23 is provided between the exterior member 22 and the positive electrode lead 16 and the negative electrode lead 17 to improve the adhesion between the inner resin layer of the exterior member 22 and the positive electrode lead 16 and the negative electrode lead 17 made of a metal material. Has been placed.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional structure taken along line II of the wound electrode body 10 shown in FIG.
- the wound electrode body 10 is obtained by laminating a positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 12 with a separator 15 interposed between them, and the outermost peripheral portion is protected with a protective tape as necessary.
- the wound electrode body 10 has a structure in which a positive electrode 11, a separator 15, and a negative electrode 12 are laminated, wound a plurality of times so that the occupied area is reduced, and then compressed. Furthermore, it has the electrode lead (positive electrode lead) 16 on the positive electrode side, the electrode lead (negative electrode lead) 17 on the negative electrode side, and the covering materials 18a, 18b, 18c as the main structure inside.
- the positive electrode 11 has a positive electrode active material layer 11b formed on both surfaces of a positive electrode current collector 11a.
- the positive electrode 11 may have a portion where the positive electrode active material layer 11b is formed only on one surface of the positive electrode current collector 11a.
- the positive electrode 11 has characteristics suitable for a positive electrode, such as good conductivity and chemical properties as an electrode, good workability at the time of winding, light weight and low cost. It is formed by coating a positive electrode active material on a foil-like metal electrode obtained by cutting aluminum rolled foil to a predetermined outer dimension.
- the negative electrode 12 has a negative electrode active material layer 12b formed on both sides of a negative electrode current collector 12a.
- the negative electrode 12 may have a portion where the negative electrode active material layer 12b is formed only on one surface of the negative electrode current collector 12a.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed by coating a negative electrode active material on a metal electrode formed by cutting a copper rolled foil into a predetermined outer dimension for the same reason as the positive electrode 11 described above.
- Both the positive electrode lead 16 and the negative electrode lead 17 are for taking out the electromotive force generated in the laminated structure to the outside. It is formed using an aluminum alloy thin plate having good conductivity and durability against a chemical reaction inside the laminated structure.
- a liquid electrolyte that is, an electrolytic solution
- a gel electrolyte or a solid electrolyte
- the electrolyte is disposed between at least one of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 and the separator 15.
- the wound electrode body 10 has a structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are laminated via the separator 15 and the electrolyte layer and wound.
- the separator 15 may be omitted.
- the electrolytic solution is, for example, a nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a nonaqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the solvent.
- the gel electrolyte has a suitable electrochemical property as an electrolyte layer for each electrode, and the gel electrolyte is in a gel form that does not leak in a liquid state and is tolerable to bending and bending. .
- a material satisfying such characteristics for example, a material in which an electrolytic solution is homogeneously dispersed in a polymer matrix is suitable.
- the solid electrolyte is, for example, a polymer solid electrolyte using an ion conductive polymer or an inorganic solid electrolyte using an ion conductive inorganic material.
- the separator 15 is made of a material that prevents the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 from being in electrical contact and can move ions between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 sufficiently freely in practice.
- a material that prevents the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 from being in electrical contact and can move ions between the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 sufficiently freely in practice For example, microporous polypropylene or the like is suitable.
- any of the covering materials 18a, 18b, and 18c disposed at each position is applied when a pressing force is applied to the laminated structure from the outside to bring the one electrode and the other electrode into close proximity, or the positive electrode Even when there is a cut burr at the end of the current collector 11a or the negative electrode current collector 12a, it is made of an insulating material that electrically insulates them (for example, an insulating polymer material).
- an insulating material that electrically insulates them (for example, an insulating polymer material).
- the covering material is omitted at the end where the electrode lead 17 on the negative electrode 12 side is joined. This is because, as shown in FIG. 1, in this part, the negative electrodes 12 are only opposed to each other with the separator 15 interposed therebetween. This is because there is virtually no adverse effect on the capacity.
- a lithium-containing compound As the positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium, for example, a lithium-containing compound is preferable. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- the lithium-containing compound include a composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal element, and a phosphate compound containing lithium and a transition metal element.
- the group which consists of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) as a transition metal element is preferable. This is because a higher voltage can be obtained.
- Examples of the composite oxide containing lithium and a transition metal element include lithium cobalt composite oxide (Li x CoO 2 ), lithium nickel composite oxide (Li x NiO 2 ), and lithium nickel cobalt composite oxide (Li x Ni).
- 1-z Co z O 2 (0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1)
- lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide Li x Ni (1-vw) Co v Mn w O 2 (0 ⁇ v + w ⁇ 1, v> 0, w > 0)
- a complex oxide containing cobalt is preferable. This is because a high capacity can be obtained and excellent cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- the phosphate compound containing lithium and a transition metal element include a lithium iron phosphate compound (LiFePO 4 ) or a lithium iron manganese phosphate compound (LiFe 1-u Mn u PO 4 (0 ⁇ u ⁇ 1). ), LixFe 1-y M2 y PO 4 (wherein M2 is at least one member selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg)).
- X is a value within the range of 0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.1.
- positive electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium include oxides such as vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ), titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ), and iron disulfide. (FeS 2 ), disulfides such as titanium disulfide (TiS 2 ) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), and chalcogenides containing no lithium such as niobium diselenide (NbSe 2 ) (particularly layered compounds and spinel compounds) ), Lithium-containing compounds containing lithium, and conductive polymers such as sulfur, polyaniline, polythiophene, polyacetylene, or polypyrrole.
- the positive electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium may be other than the above. Further, two or more kinds of the series of positive electrode materials described above may be mixed in any combination.
- the negative electrode active material layer includes any one or more of negative electrode materials capable of inserting and extracting lithium as a negative electrode active material, and a binder, a conductive agent, etc., as necessary. Other materials may be included.
- the chargeable capacity of the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium is preferably larger than the discharge capacity of the positive electrode.
- the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium include a carbon material.
- the carbon material include graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon having a (002) plane spacing of 0.37 nm or more, and graphite having a (002) plane spacing of 0.34 nm or less. It is.
- the cokes include pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke, and the like.
- the organic polymer compound fired body is obtained by firing and carbonizing a phenol resin, a furan resin, or the like at an appropriate temperature.
- the carbon material is preferable because the change in crystal structure associated with insertion and extraction of lithium is very small, so that a high energy density is obtained and excellent cycle characteristics are obtained, and the carbon material functions as a conductive agent.
- the shape of the carbon material may be any of a fibrous shape, a spherical shape, a granular shape, and a scale shape.
- the negative electrode material capable of inserting and extracting lithium in addition to the above-described carbon material, for example, it is capable of inserting and extracting lithium and constitutes at least one of a metal element and a metalloid element
- the material which has as an element is mentioned. This is because a high energy density can be obtained.
- Such a negative electrode material may be a single element, an alloy or a compound of a metal element or a metalloid element, and may have one or two or more phases thereof at least in part.
- the “alloy” in the present invention includes an alloy containing one or more metal elements and one or more metalloid elements in addition to an alloy composed of two or more metal elements. Further, the “alloy” may contain a nonmetallic element. This structure includes a solid solution, a eutectic (eutectic mixture), an intermetallic compound, or one in which two or more of them coexist.
- Examples of the metal element or metalloid element described above include a metal element or metalloid element capable of forming an alloy with lithium.
- Examples thereof include bismuth (Bi), cadmium (Cd), silver (Ag), zinc (Zn), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), yttrium (Y), palladium (Pd), and platinum (Pt).
- at least one of silicon and tin is preferable, and silicon is more preferable. This is because a high energy density can be obtained because of its large ability to occlude and release lithium.
- Examples of the negative electrode material having at least one of silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) include, for example, a simple substance of silicon, an alloy or a compound, a simple substance of tin, an alloy or a compound, or one or more of them. The material which has these phases in at least one part is mentioned.
- tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), zinc ( One containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of Zn), indium (In), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb), and chromium (Cr).
- Zn tin
- Ni nickel
- Cu copper
- Fe iron
- Co cobalt
- Mn manganese
- Zn zinc
- Zn zinc
- tin alloys include silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) as second constituent elements other than tin (Sn). , Zinc (Zn), indium (In), silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), bismuth (Bi), antimony (Sb) and chromium (Cr). Including.
- tin compound or silicon compound examples include those containing oxygen (O) or carbon (C).
- O oxygen
- C carbon
- the tin compound or the silicon compound contains the second constituent element described above. You may go out.
- a negative electrode material containing at least one of silicon (Si) and tin (Sn) for example, tin (Sn) is used as the first constituent element, and in addition to the tin (Sn), the second configuration What contains an element and a 3rd structural element is preferable.
- this negative electrode material may be used together with the negative electrode material described above.
- the second constituent element is cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu ), Zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), indium (In), cerium (Ce), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta) ), Tungsten (W), bismuth (Bi), and silicon (Si).
- the third constituent element is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron (B), carbon (C), aluminum (Al), and phosphorus (P). This is because the cycle characteristics are improved by including the second element and the third element.
- tin (Sn), cobalt (Co) and carbon (C) are included as constituent elements, and the content of carbon (C) is in the range of 9.9 mass% to 29.7 mass%, tin (Sn) And a CoSnC-containing material in which the ratio of cobalt (Co) to the total of cobalt (Co) (Co / (Sn + Co)) is in the range of 30% by mass to 70% by mass. This is because in such a composition range, a high energy density is obtained and an excellent cycle characteristic is obtained.
- This SnCoC-containing material may further contain other constituent elements as necessary.
- Examples of other constituent elements include silicon (Si), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), indium (In), niobium (Nb), germanium (Ge), titanium (Ti), and molybdenum.
- Mo aluminum (Al), phosphorus (P), gallium (Ga), bismuth (Bi), and the like are preferable, and two or more thereof may be included. This is because the capacity characteristic or cycle characteristic is further improved.
- the SnCoC-containing material has a phase containing tin (Sn), cobalt (Co), and carbon (C), and this phase has a low crystallinity or an amorphous structure. preferable.
- the SnCoC-containing material it is preferable that at least a part of carbon as a constituent element is bonded to a metal element or a metalloid element as another constituent element.
- the decrease in cycle characteristics is thought to be due to aggregation or crystallization of tin (Sn) or the like, but such aggregation or crystallization is suppressed when carbon is combined with other elements. It is.
- the binder contains, for example, any one or more of synthetic rubber and polymer material.
- the synthetic rubber include styrene butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and ethylene propylene diene.
- the polymer material include polyvinylidene fluoride and polyimide.
- the conductive agent includes, for example, any one or more of carbon materials.
- the carbon material include graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, and ketjen black.
- the conductive agent may be a metal material, a conductive polymer, or the like as long as the material has conductivity.
- the separator has a function of allowing lithium ions to pass while isolating the positive electrode and the negative electrode and preventing short-circuiting of current due to contact between the two electrodes.
- the separator is made of a porous film made of synthetic resin or ceramic. can do.
- the separator can have a shutdown function.
- the shutdown function here refers to a function of blocking the current by blocking pores of the microporous membrane when the temperature of the battery rises, and has the function of preventing thermal runaway of the battery. Examples of materials having these functions include polyolefin and polyethylene microporous membrane.
- a heat-resistant porous layer is coated on one or both surfaces of a polyethylene microporous membrane, a nonwoven fabric made of heat-resistant fibers is laminated, or ceramic powder is contained in these layers.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte battery separator in which a heat-resistant porous layer made of a heat-resistant polymer such as aromatic aramid, polyimide, polyvinylidene fluoride, etc., is laminated on one or both sides of a polyethylene microporous film by a wet coating method is known.
- the substrate layer may be dried after a solution in which the polymer material is dissolved is applied to the substrate layer, or the substrate layer is immersed in the solution. Then, the base material layer may be dried.
- the electrolytic solution includes a solvent and an electrolyte salt.
- the solvent include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
- N-methyloxazolidinone, N, N′-dimethylimidazolidinone nitromethane, nitroethane, sulfolane, trimethyl phosphate, dimethyl sulfoxide, or the like
- this electrolytic solution is used in an electrochemical device such as a battery, excellent capacity, cycle characteristics and storage characteristics can be obtained.
- electrochemical device such as a battery
- excellent capacity, cycle characteristics and storage characteristics can be obtained.
- These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate having a high viscosity (high dielectric constant) solvent for example, relative dielectric constant ⁇ r ⁇ 30
- dimethyl carbonate having a low viscosity solvent for example, viscosity ⁇ 1 mPa ⁇ s.
- the solvent may be a material other than the above.
- the electrolyte salt contains, for example, one or more light metal salts such as a lithium salt.
- the lithium salt include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 ), lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsF 6 ), lithium tetraphenylborate (LiB (C 6 H 5) 4), methanesulfonic acid lithium (LiCH 3 SO 3), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF 3 SO 3), tetrachloroaluminate lithium (LiAlCl 4), six Examples thereof include dilithium fluorosilicate (Li 2 SiF 6 ), lithium chloride (LiCl), and lithium bromide (LiBr).
- the electrolyte salt may be a material other than the above.
- the above-described electrolytic solution may be gelled with a matrix polymer.
- the matrix polymer may be any one that is compatible with an electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving the electrolyte salt in the solvent and can be gelled.
- examples of such a matrix polymer include polymers containing vinylidene fluoride (VdF), ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO), acrylonitrile (AN), and methacrylonitrile (MAN) as repeating units.
- VdF vinylidene fluoride
- EO ethylene oxide
- PO propylene oxide
- AN acrylonitrile
- MAN methacrylonitrile
- Such a polymer may be used individually by 1 type, and may mix and use 2 or more types.
- the gel electrolyte is preferable because high ion conductivity (for example, 1 mS / cm or more at room temperature) is obtained and liquid leakage is prevented.
- the electrolyte solution may contain a metal oxide.
- the positive electrode 11 coated with the gel electrolyte on the electrode application portion, the separator 15, and the negative electrode 12 coated with the gel electrolyte on the electrode application portion are stacked, and the positive electrode lead 16 is bonded to the positive electrode 11.
- a negative electrode-side electrode lead 17 is joined to the negative electrode 12 to form a flat laminated structure that has not yet been wound.
- a covering material 18a having insulating properties and mechanical strength made of an insulating tape such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), or polyimide (PI) tape is adhered.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PP polypropylene
- PI polyimide
- the inner circumference in the present technology refers to a region close to the electrode end located near the center of the wound electrode body in the end in the longitudinal direction of the electrode, and the outer circumference refers to the exterior in the end in the electrode longitudinal direction. A region close to the end of the electrode located closer to the member.
- the laminated structure After bonding the covering materials 18a, 18b, and 18c in this way, the laminated structure is wound into a slightly flat spiral shape, and further, a pressing force is applied to the laminated structure from the outside to further flatten and thin the structure. At this time, even when the end of the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are close to each other due to the application of the pressing force, or even when the end of the negative electrode 12 and the positive electrode 11 are close to each other, both the electrodes are in contact with each other to Occurrence of a short circuit can be prevented by the respective covering materials 18a, 18b, 18c.
- a hot press may be performed as a process for soaking the electrolyte in the positive and negative electrodes and the separator.
- the electrolytic solution can be injected after inserting the thinned element into the laminate.
- Embodiment of the present technology improves safety without reducing energy density.
- the drawing of the wound electrode body shows a current collector on the outer peripheral side having a different structure, and as shown in FIG.
- a positive electrode 11 having a positive electrode active material layer 11b applied to 11a and a negative electrode 12 having a negative electrode active material layer 12b applied to a negative electrode current collector 12a are shown.
- the structure of the separator, the protective tape, and the inner peripheral side is omitted except for some drawings.
- FIG. 4 shows an example (normal structure) of a wound structure for comparison.
- the part of the negative electrode where the active material layer is formed only on one side is only on the inner periphery side, and the part of the positive electrode where the active material layer is formed only on one side is only on the outer peripheral side, which is necessary for electrode lead connection
- the exposed surfaces of the current collectors of the positive electrode and the negative electrode do not have a portion facing each other through a separator or the like.
- the ratio of the current collector in the battery is basically minimized when this normal structure is adopted.
- FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B show another example of a wound structure (foil wound structure) for comparison.
- the foil winding structure is, for example, a structure in the case where the configuration of Patent Document 1 described at the beginning is configured as a battery for a laminate film exterior material.
- FIG. 5B is a part of the structure of FIG.
- the foil winding structure is a structure in which the positive electrode current collector 11a and the negative electrode current collector 12a having no active material layer on both sides are arranged adjacent to each other on the outermost periphery.
- FIG. 5B shows details of the outermost peripheral portion of the electrode body having a wound structure and the vicinity thereof.
- 1 is a sheet-like positive electrode
- 2 is a sheet-like negative electrode.
- the positive electrode 1 is produced by forming the active material layer 1b on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector 1a.
- the negative electrode 2 is produced by forming the active material layer 2b on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector 2a.
- the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are spirally wound via the separator 3 and are housed in the battery can 5 together with the electrolyte as an electrode body having a spiral winding structure.
- the active material layer 1 b is not formed on both surfaces, and only the positive electrode current collector 1 a is provided. Similarly, the active material layer 2b is not formed in the outermost periphery, and only the negative electrode current collector 2a is provided. In the structure shown in FIG. 5B, the active material layer 2b also exists outside the negative electrode 2 facing the positive electrode current collector 1a, and this portion does not function as a battery. Therefore, the energy density is lower than that of the foil winding structure shown in FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 6 shows a first example of a wound structure of the present technology (referred to as a single-sided foil foil structure (1)).
- the single-sided foil foil structure (1) is a structure in which the single-side coated portion current collector exposed portion of the negative electrode 12 and the positive electrode current collector 11a of the positive electrode 11 face each other as shown by the broken-line circle portion. That is, the single-sided foil foil structure (1) is a battery having a portion in which the current collector exposed surface of the winding outer side single-side coated part of either the positive or negative electrode faces the current collector on the counter electrode side through an insulator (separator). It is.
- FIG. 7 shows a second example of the wound structure of the present technology (referred to as single-sided foil foil structure (2)).
- the single-sided foil foil structure (2) is a structure in which the single-side coated portion foil current collector exposed portion of the positive electrode 11 and the single-side coated portion current collector exposed portion of the negative electrode 12 face each other, as indicated by the broken-line circle portion. That is, the single-sided foil foil structure (2) is a battery having a portion in which the current collector exposed surface sides of the winding-side single-side coated part of the positive and negative electrodes face each other.
- the current path of the portion where the positive and negative electrode current collectors are opposed is the path where the positive and negative current collectors are in direct contact rather than the path where the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are shorted via the nail. Is the main current path.
- both the positive and negative electrode current collectors do not have to have exposed metal surfaces, and a surface facing the metal surface may be provided on the outer peripheral side.
- the present inventors examined what structures could be considered as the structure in which the metal surface of the current collector faces the outer periphery of the battery, and actually fabricated the battery to clarify the relationship between thickness and safety.
- FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show the results of experiments on the normal structure, foil winding structure, single-sided foil foil structure (1) and single-sided foil foil structure (2) shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, respectively.
- Each plot in the graph is based on the experimental results shown in Table 1 below.
- aluminum (Al) is used as the positive electrode current collector 11a
- copper (Cu) is used as the negative electrode current collector 12a.
- Table 1 is divided into four parts vertically and horizontally.
- the upper left part of Table 1 is Table 1A
- the upper right part of Table 1 is Table 1B
- the lower left part of Table 1 is Table 1C
- the lower right part of Table 1 is Table 1D.
- the description on the leftmost side of each row (Examples 1 to 20, Comparative Examples 1 to 11, the name of the structure), and the description on the uppermost side of each column (“Current collector facing” Part ”,“ positive electrode current collector thickness [ ⁇ m] ”,“ full charge warp [ ⁇ m] ”).
- Electrode element height “positive electrode element length”, “negative electrode element length”, “P CL ”, “P CR ”, “P AL ”, “P AR ”, “electrode element” width “,” X L “,” X R “,” Y L “,” Y R “,” full charge warping "
- the graph shown in FIG. 8 shows Examples 1 to 5 (single-sided foil foil structure (1)), Examples 6 to 10 (single-sided foil foil structure (2)), and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 (ordinary) Structure) and Comparative Examples 6 to 10 (foil wound structure), the thickness of aluminum (Al) as the positive electrode current collector, copper (Cu) as the negative electrode current collector, and separator (separator) is reduced.
- Al aluminum
- Cu copper
- separator separator
- the graph shown in FIG. 9 shows the volume energy density when the thickness of the member that does not contribute to charge / discharge is changed for each of the single-sided foil foil structure (1), single-sided foil foil structure (2), normal structure, and foil wound structure.
- the relationship of the nail penetration OK voltage is shown.
- the single-sided foil foil structure (1) corresponds to Example 1-5
- the single-sided foil foil structure (2) corresponds to Example 6-10
- the normal structure corresponds to Comparative Example 1-5
- the foil winding structure Corresponds to Comparative Example 6-10.
- the nail penetration OK voltage is a voltage at which no gas is ejected when the nail penetration test is performed after charging to that voltage. From the graph of FIG.
- the single-sided foil foil structure (1) and the single-sided foil foil structure (2) to which the present technology was applied were compared at the same volume energy density compared to both the normal structure and the foil wound structure.
- the nail penetration OK voltage is high, that is, the safety can be increased while maintaining a higher energy density.
- Example 1 to Example 10 and Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 10 the center portion of the battery had a diameter of 2.
- a 5 mm iron nail is pierced at a speed of 100 mm / sec. Then, when the laminate ruptures and the gas is ejected with a rapid temperature rise, an NG battery is obtained.
- the voltage was set as the nail penetration OK voltage of the specification.
- the battery thickness during charging in Table 1 the thickness measured by sandwiching between two metal plates in which the distance between the surfaces changes while keeping parallel is defined as the battery thickness.
- the current collector exposed surfaces of the outer peripheral side single-side coated part of the positive and negative electrodes (one-sided foil foil structure (2) shown in FIG. 7) or the current collector of the outer peripheral side single-side coated part of either the positive or negative electrode
- the current collector on the counter electrode side with the exposed surface was obtained in a normal structure or a foil wound structure by taking a single-sided foil foil structure (1) (FIG. 6) having a portion facing through an insulator (separator).
- the relationship between safety and energy density was removed, and it was found that the structure can obtain higher energy density while ensuring safety.
- the energy density and safety results shown in FIG. 9 are results obtained by combining the materials used in this example with the produced battery size. Therefore, when a battery is manufactured with a battery size that uses a material with higher thermal stability and does not easily rise in temperature, it can be used in combination with thinner members, while maintaining high safety and higher. Energy density can be obtained.
- the reason for the high safety of the single-sided foil foil structure (2) is that the position of the foil foil facing portion (the portion where the current collector exposed surfaces of the positive and negative electrodes face each other) It is difficult for short-circuit inhibition of the foil foil facing part due to the wrapping of the sheath due to the distance from the exterior, and the foil current collector exposed part coated on one side in both positive and negative faces to form a foil foil facing part Therefore, it is considered that this is because the short-circuit release due to the melting of the current collector during heat generation is less likely to occur than when the current collector alone forms the foil foil facing portion.
- the foil foil facing portion does not necessarily cover the entire surface in the battery, and may be provided in a part.
- the purpose in this case will be described.
- providing the foil foil facing portion on the outer peripheral side is very effective for improving safety. Therefore, if the surface to be damaged is assumed only from one side, improvement in safety can be expected by providing a foil foil facing portion on the outer peripheral side of the surface. Furthermore, since the effect is more easily maintained as the number of the foil foil facing portions is larger, when the safety is desired to be increased, the foil foil facing portions can be provided on both the side where the trauma is applied and the opposite surface side. .
- the first countermeasure is to apply the negative electrode active material layer longer than the positive electrode active material layer
- the second countermeasure is to cover the positive electrode application end with tape.
- FIG. 10 shows that in the single-sided foil foil structure (2), a covering material (protective tape) 18a is provided so as to cover the leading end of the positive electrode active material-containing coating film 11b including the lead-out portion of the positive electrode lead 16.
- the coating material (protective tape) 18b is provided on the negative electrode current collector 12a facing the cut end of the positive electrode current collector 11a, and the position where the positive electrode active material-containing coating film 11b switches from double-sided coating to single-sided coating. Is provided with a covering material (protective tape) 18c.
- FIG. 11 shows a structure in which, in the single-sided foil foil structure (2), a protective tape 18c is provided over the entire outer periphery from the position where the positive electrode active material-containing coating film 11b switches from double-sided coating to single-sided coating. Either of the structures shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 may be used.
- X ′ is the length from the foil foil facing portion start to the bent portion start position when the electrode is viewed from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side.
- Y ′ is the length from the bent portion end position (flat portion start position) to the foil foil facing portion end when the electrode is viewed from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side.
- the object can be achieved by starting the foil foil facing portion from the position B. .
- Opposite portions of the exposed foil surface are present on both sides of the battery.
- X is the length from the start of the foil foil facing portion to the apex of the bent portion, and the foil foil from the apex of the bent portion The length until the end of the facing portion is defined as Y.
- Y the length until the end of the facing portion
- the battery having a low cycle retention rate was found to have lithium increased mainly due to local deposition of lithium mainly at the bent portion or the like. This is a trigger, and it is considered that the cycle maintenance rate has decreased.
- a step of pressing in the surface direction can be put in order to stabilize the shape of the battery.
- the structure in which lithium (Li) is deposited on the bent portion is applied to the entire surface during pressing.
- the structure was such that the pressure was not easily applied, and the pressure on the bent portion was not uniform.
- FIG. 14 shows the thickness of the battery in the case of the normal structure (Comparative Example 2).
- the pressure applied to the vicinity of the bent portion in the wound structure is uniform as indicated by the broken-line circle, so that the thickness after pressing is also uniform.
- FIG. 15 shows the thickness of the battery in the case of the foil wound structure (half circumference) (Comparative Example 7).
- the pressure applied to the vicinity of the bent portion in the wound structure is non-uniform as indicated by the broken-line circle, so the thickness after pressing is also non-uniform.
- FIG. 16 shows the thickness of the battery in the case of the single-sided foil foil structure (Example 11, Y ⁇ X).
- the pressure applied to the vicinity of the bent portion in the wound structure is uniform as shown by the broken-line circle, so that the thickness after pressing is also uniform.
- FIG. 17 shows the thickness of the battery in the case of a single-sided foil foil structure (Example 13, Y> X).
- the pressure applied to the vicinity of the bent portion in the wound structure is non-uniform as indicated by the broken-line circle, so the thickness after pressing is also non-uniform.
- the battery having the single-sided foil foil structure and the dimension (Y ⁇ X) has a uniform thickness in the vicinity of the bent portion, the pressing pressure is applied uniformly, and the deposition of lithium Li in the vicinity of the bent portion is suppressed. It is thought that the cycle maintenance rate has increased. Also, from the viewpoint of energy density, it is preferable to set the dimension (Y ⁇ X) because the thickness distribution of the battery becomes uniform, and it is more preferable to set Y as close to X as possible.
- FIG. 18 shows the appearance of the battery 21.
- a positive electrode lead 16 and a negative electrode lead 17 are led out from the exterior member 22. These leads have a thickness of 70 [ ⁇ m] to 100 [ ⁇ m] and are attached to a current collector exposed portion provided on the inner peripheral side of a wound electrode body (referred to as an electrode element as appropriate).
- the width H of the negative electrode constituting the wound electrode body (referred to as electrode element as appropriate) housed in the exterior member 22 is referred to as electrode element height [mm] (see Table 1).
- the width W of the surface from which the lead is led out is referred to as electrode element width [mm] (see Table 1).
- each length L inserted in the wound electrode body (referred to as an electrode element as appropriate) housed in the exterior member 22 of the positive electrode lead 16 and the negative electrode lead 17 is the length [mm] in the positive electrode lead electrode element, This is referred to as the length [mm] within the negative electrode lead electrode element (see Table 1).
- FIG. 19A shows the electrode element height H and the negative electrode lead electrode element internal length L in relation to the cross section of the battery 21.
- the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are laminated via a separator 15 as schematically shown in FIG. 19B.
- FIG. 19 shows a configuration related to the negative electrode lead 17, but the same configuration is applied to the positive electrode lead 16.
- warping occurs due to a combination of factors such as the balance between the number of layers on the upper and lower sides around the beginning of winding and the repulsive force that the electrode element receives from the exterior.
- the degree of curvature of the warp is large near the center of the battery.
- FIG. 20A when the electrode element internal lengths of both the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead are equal to or less than half (H / 2) of the electrode element height H, the warp cannot be suppressed.
- FIG. 20B when the electrode element internal length of at least one of the positive electrode lead and the negative electrode lead exceeds half (H / 2) of the electrode element height H, warpage can be suppressed. That is, the presence of a rigid metal plate such as a lead near the center of the battery effectively suppresses warpage.
- the thickness when the battery is measured between two flat plates moving in parallel is A, and the surface of the battery is placed on the surface plate with the hemispherical tip 3 [mm] in diameter.
- a value obtained by measuring the thickness at the center of the upper surface of the battery using the thickness measuring instrument is B1.
- B2 On the surface plate, the battery is placed upside down when B1 is measured, and the value obtained by measuring the thickness at the center of the upper surface of the battery in the same manner as B1 is defined as B2.
- the difference between the smaller value of B1 and B2 and the value of A was defined as the amount of warpage.
- measurement was carried out by pressing a measuring element or a flat plate against the battery with a force of 1.5N.
- the value of A increases in addition to the pure thickness of the battery, so when considering storing the battery in a rectangular parallelepiped space, it corresponds to an increase in the volume of the rectangular parallelepiped. However, the energy density becomes relatively small.
- electrode element height In Table 1 described above, “electrode element height”, “positive electrode element length”, “negative electrode element length”, and “full charge warp” data are described.
- the positive electrode lead electrode element internal length and the negative electrode lead electrode element internal length are both 20 [mm] with respect to the electrode element height (70 [mm]). Since this is 1 ⁇ 2 (35 [mm]) or less of the electrode element height, full charge warpage (80 [ ⁇ m]) occurs.
- Example 15 both the length of the positive electrode lead electrode element and the length of the negative electrode electrode element are 30 [mm] compared to Example 10. Since this value is also 1 ⁇ 2 (35 [mm]) or less of the electrode element height, full charge warpage (80 [ ⁇ m]) occurs.
- Example 16 the inner length of the positive electrode lead electrode element and the inner length of the negative electrode electrode element were both set to 40 [mm] as compared to Example 10. Since this value exceeds 1/2 (35 [mm]) of the electrode element height, the full charge warpage is suppressed to (20 [ ⁇ m]).
- Example 17 the length in the positive electrode lead electrode element was set to 20 [mm] and the length in the negative electrode lead electrode element was set to 40 [mm] with respect to Example 10. Since the inner length of the negative electrode lead electrode element exceeds 1/2 of the electrode element height (35 [mm]), the full charge warpage is suppressed to (20 [ ⁇ m]).
- Example 18 has a positive lead electrode element internal length of 40 [mm] and a negative electrode lead electrode element internal length of 20 [mm] compared to Example 10. Since the length of the positive electrode lead electrode element exceeds 1/2 (35 [mm]) of the electrode element height, the full charge warpage is suppressed to (20 [ ⁇ m]). Thus, if at least one of the length within the positive electrode lead electrode element and the length within the negative electrode lead electrode element exceeds 1/2 (35 [mm]) of the electrode element height, the warpage of the battery is suppressed. can do.
- FIG. 21A shows a schematic cross section of the battery 21.
- a positive electrode lead 16 and a negative electrode lead 17 are attached to an electrode element (rolled electrode body) 10 having an electrode element width W.
- Opposite portions of the current collector exposed surface provided on the outer peripheral side of the electrode are present on both outer surfaces of the wound battery, and among the opposing portions of the current collector exposed surface, the electrode is disposed from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side.
- the length up to the bending position is X, and the electrode is moved from the position in the electrode element width direction at the apex of the bending portion (referred to as the second bending position) from the inner circumference side to the outer circumference side (in the winding direction).
- the start position when viewed to the position in the electrode element width direction of the apex of the bent portion (referred to as the first bent position)
- the length to the position in the electrode element width direction (referred to as the end position) of the foil facing portion end portion is defined as Y
- the relationship of X ⁇ Y is satisfied.
- the first bent position and the second bent position are the same position.
- the electrode when there are a plurality of bent apexes, the electrode is connected from the inner peripheral side.
- the position in the electrode element width direction of the apex of the first bent portion when viewed from the outer peripheral side is the first bent position, and the electrode element at the apex of the last bent portion when the electrode is viewed from the inner peripheral side to the outer peripheral side
- the position in the width direction is the second bending position.
- a position P CL (a position on the X L side) in the electrode element width direction where the positive electrode lead 16 exists and a position P CR (a position on the X R side) are defined.
- positions P AL and P AR in the electrode element width direction of the negative electrode lead 17 are defined. The coordinates of these positions are expressed in [mm] where the middle point of the electrode element width W is 0, the left side (X L ) side is ⁇ , and the right side (X R ) side is +.
- Example 19 is an example in which the lengths in the electrode elements of the positive electrode lead 16 and the negative electrode lead 17 are each 20 mm, which is not more than half of the electrode element height of 70 mm.
- the negative electrode lead 17 is located on the opposite side of Y R when viewed from X R. Therefore, the condition in which the positions of both the positive electrode lead 16 and the negative electrode lead 17 in the electrode element width direction are located between X R and Y R is not satisfied.
- the energy density of Example 20 is 548 [Wh / L], which is smaller than that of Example 19.
- the energy density can be increased by satisfying the condition that the positions in the width direction of both electrode elements are located between X R and Y R.
- the amount of battery warpage can be suppressed, and the energy density can be further increased.
- the portion where the current collector is exposed on the innermost peripheral side exists from about one half to one turn, the position of the electrode lead can be arbitrarily set when attaching the electrode lead to this exposed portion. Is possible.
- the thickness of the electrode element does not change by increasing the length of the electrode lead in the electrode element, there is no problem that the energy density is lowered.
- the covering material includes a base material.
- an adhesive may be provided on one main surface of the base material of the covering material, it is not essential.
- the reason why the foil foil facing portion can be made safe by providing it on the outer peripheral side of the battery is that a low-resistance short circuit occurs from the beginning of nail penetration, and the amount of heat generated at the portion where the electrode application portion faces is reduced. It is estimated that this is because of a reduction.
- a coating material can be appropriately provided on the foil foil facing portion for the purpose of preventing a short circuit due to a cut burr of the current collector.
- the separator Since the separator is generally made of a porous material and shrinks simultaneously with heat generation, it is unlikely to be a factor that hinders short-circuiting of the foil foil facing part. It was suggested that the short circuit of the foil foil facing part would be hindered when using the one with the. Therefore, the conditions under which the short circuit is inhibited were examined using various tapes as the covering material. The results are described below.
- the OCV rate defect rate in Table 2 is defined as follows.
- OCV Open circuit voltage
- the method for measuring the melting point of the protective tape substrate is as follows.
- the melting point of the tape substrate was measured using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Measurement is performed by cutting a 0.1 mm-thick sample according to the shape of a measuring container for 5 mg, enclosing it in the apparatus, raising the temperature at 10 ° C./min, measuring the DSC curve, and melting the base material of the DSC curve. The temperature at the peak apex was taken as the melting point. At this time, ⁇ -alumina powder having a volume equivalent to that of the sample was enclosed in a separate container and used as a reference.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- Example 21-Example 24 a wound electrode body having the cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 11 was employed.
- the positive electrode outer peripheral tape 18c was the same as that of Example 10, and the thickness of the negative electrode inner peripheral tape 18b was changed as shown in Table 2.
- Example 25 a wound electrode body having the cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 11 was employed.
- the positive electrode outer peripheral tape 18c was the same as in Example 10, and the material type of the negative electrode inner peripheral tape 18b was changed as shown in Table 2.
- Example 28 to Example 31 a wound electrode body having the cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 22 was employed.
- a covering material (positive electrode inner peripheral tape) 18a and a covering material (negative electrode inner peripheral tape) 18b face each other through a separator at the center of the battery on the inner peripheral side.
- Example 32 a wound electrode body having the cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 23 was employed. This wound electrode body has a structure in which the positive electrode current collector 11a on which no active material is placed does not reach the center of the battery.
- Example 33 ⁇ Example 33, Example 34, Comparative Example 12-Comparative Example 14>
- Example 33, Example 34, and Comparative Example 12 to Comparative Example 14 a wound electrode body having the cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 11 was employed.
- the negative electrode inner peripheral tape 18b was 15 ⁇ m of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), and the thickness of the positive electrode outer peripheral tape 18c was changed as shown in Table 2.
- Example 35 to Example 38> A wound electrode body having a cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 11 was employed.
- Example 35-Example 37 is an example in which the negative electrode inner peripheral tape 18b or the positive electrode outer peripheral tape 18c is provided, or in which only the negative electrode inner peripheral tape 18b is provided, or in the negative electrode inner peripheral tape 18b and the positive electrode outer peripheral side. In this example, both of the tapes 18c are not provided.
- Example 39 The positional relationship between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the wound electrode body of Example 10 was changed, and this was adopted as the wound electrode body of Example 39 (not shown).
- Example 21 to Example 31 shown in Table 2 are examples in which the thickness and material of the tape on the outer peripheral side are constant, and the base material type and thickness on the inner peripheral side are changed. A certain law could be derived from the results of Example 21 to Example 31.
- a value obtained by multiplying the melting point (° C.) of the base material and the thickness (mm) of the base material has a correlation with the ease of melting of the coating material, and it is considered that the higher the value, the harder the coating material base material is melted.
- the value obtained by multiplying the melting point (° C) of the base material and the thickness (mm) of the base material is large, the coating material is not melted even during heat generation, which prevents foil foil short-circuiting and deteriorates the safety of nail penetration. It is estimated that.
- the drop in the nail penetration OK voltage is as small as 0.05 V, which is a sufficiently high value compared with the normal structure shown in Comparative Example 5. It is not the result which shows that presence of the foil foil opposing part of an inner peripheral side is an essential structure regarding embodiment of a technique.
- the nail penetration OK voltage is equivalent to that in Example 32. It was found that even when a tape using a high heat-resistant substrate in which no film was observed was provided on the foil foil facing portion, the function as the foil foil facing portion was lost.
- Example 33, Example 34, Comparative Example 12, Comparative Example 13 and Comparative Example 14 are examples in which the thickness and material of the tape on the inner peripheral side are constant and the base material type and thickness on the outer peripheral side are changed.
- a certain rule could be derived from the results of Example 33, Example 34, Comparative Example 12, Comparative Example 13, and Comparative Example 14. That is, if the value obtained by multiplying the melting point (° C.) of the tape base material between the foil and the total thickness (mm) of the base material is less than 4.6 (° C. mm), the foil foil is opposite. It was found that when it was 4.6 (° C./mm) or more, it would not function as a foil foil facing portion.
- the role of the tape on the foil foil facing portion will be described in detail below. Basically, as described above, it is provided to prevent a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. However, when the foil foil facing portion is separated only by the separator, if there is a mottled portion of the electrolytic solution, a voltage imbalance occurs locally, causing a state in which metal is likely to deposit. When this metal deposition grows through the separator, the battery is short-circuited.
- Example 35 to Example 37 show the results in the case where a part or all of the protective tape of the foil foil facing part is removed.
- the OCV defect rate is higher than that in Example 10 in which the protective tape is not removed.
- the electrolyte is present in the battery by directly applying the gel electrolyte to the positive and negative electrodes. There is no electrolyte, and electrolyte solution oozes out from the electrode application part to the foil foil facing part during thermoforming, so it is confirmed that the electrolyte solution is mottled in the foil foil facing part as described above is doing.
- Example 38 after inserting electrode elements into the laminate and adding the electrolyte sufficiently to the laminate and then performing heat forming, the electrolyte spreads evenly across the foil foil, Accordingly, since the OCV defect rate is 0%, the above mechanism can be explained rationally.
- Example 38 the result of sufficiently immersing the electrolyte solution not containing the polymer in the foil foil facing portion is shown, but the form of the electrolyte solution present here is not limited, and may be a gel electrolyte containing a polymer or the like. .
- Example 39 is an example in which the positional relationship between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is reversed with respect to Example 10. As shown in Table 2, in Example 39, a nail penetration OK voltage equivalent to that in Example 10 was obtained.
- Example 39 basically, a structure is shown in which winding is started only with a separator, and then an electrode is inserted and wound in the order of a negative electrode and a positive electrode.
- the order of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is not limited, and the present technology may employ a structure in which the positive electrode is inserted next to the separator and then the negative electrode is wound.
- the foil foil short means that the aluminum foil (positive electrode current collector 11a) and the copper foil (negative electrode current collector 12a) are short-circuited with low resistance.
- the heat generation becomes large, the aluminum foil is melted, and the shorted state with a low resistance may be released.
- Aluminum foil is often used as the current collector for the positive electrode, and copper foil is often used as the current collector for the negative electrode. In this case, the aluminum foil has a lower melting point, so that the short circuit is likely to be released.
- the short-circuit release can be suppressed by reinforcing the positive electrode lead 16. That is, by installing the positive electrode lead 16 at a portion where safety against nail penetration is desired to be increased, high safety can be obtained by suppressing the release of the short circuit. If it is assumed that a nail is stuck in the center of the cell, it is effective to take a structure as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 24A, 24B, and 24C show the appearance of the battery 21, and the positive electrode lead 16 and the negative electrode lead 17 are led out from the exterior member 22.
- FIG. 24A the positive electrode lead 16 and the negative electrode lead 17 are led out from a position that is substantially symmetrical with respect to the center of the battery 21.
- the position of the positive electrode lead 16 is set to the vicinity of the center, and the length inserted into the electrode element in the exterior member 22 is extended to the vicinity of the center of the battery 21.
- a rectangular region 16 a is formed at the tip of the portion of the positive electrode lead 16 inserted into the electrode element in the exterior member 22, and the rectangular region 16 a is located near the center of the battery 21. It is made like.
- FIG. 25A shows an example of a cross-sectional structure of a wound electrode body (for example, similar to FIG. 23).
- a covering material (positive electrode inner peripheral tape) 18a and a covering material (negative electrode inner peripheral tape) 18b face each other through a separator at the center of the battery on the inner peripheral side.
- the conductive member 31 is covered with the innermost foil.
- the conductive member 31 may be a foil or a conductive tape.
- the conductive member only needs to be electrically connected to the original current collector foil, and the thickness thereof is not limited. Moreover, since it should just be installed in a desired position, it may be welded and may be fixed with a tape or the like.
- the folded end 32 is formed by folding back the cut end of the innermost foil.
- the folded portion 32 may be the entire width of the current collector foil or a part thereof.
- FIG. 26A is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section of a battery 40 having a configuration in which, for example, two wound electrode bodies 41A and 41B are housed in a common exterior member 42.
- FIG. 26B is a cross section showing a vertical cross section of the battery 40.
- FIG. A positive electrode lead 43A and a negative electrode lead 44A are led out from the wound electrode body 41A, and a positive electrode lead 43B and a negative electrode lead 44B are led out from the wound electrode body 41B.
- the positive leads 43A and 43B are externally fixed with a thermoplastic resin and then commonly connected, and the negative leads 44A and 44B are also commonly connected.
- the wound electrode bodies 41 ⁇ / b> A and 41 ⁇ / b> B are in contact with the positive electrode current collector foils located on the outermost periphery in the exterior member 42.
- the wound electrode bodies 41A and 41B are, for example, a second example of the wound structure of the present technology (single-sided foil structure (2)) (see FIG. 7).
- the single-sided foil foil structure (2) is a structure in which the single-side coated portion foil current collector exposed portion of the positive electrode 11 and the single-side coated portion current collector exposed portion of the negative electrode 12 face each other, as indicated by the broken-line circle portion. That is, the single-sided foil foil structure (2) is a battery having a portion in which the current collector exposed surface sides of the winding-side single-side coated part of the positive and negative electrodes face each other.
- the capacity of the wound electrode bodies 41A and 41B is set to n / 2, so that the capacity is close to the original battery. Can be obtained. Even when the original number of layers is not divisible by the number of layers, by providing a difference in the number of layers of each wound electrode body to be inserted, multiple changes can be made while minimizing changes in the original battery and electrode thickness and capacity. A structure in which the elements are integrated can be taken. The experiment shown in Table 3 shows the results when the original number of layers is 14. Here, the number of layers was the number of positive and negative electrode pairs in the thickness direction of the battery at the position where the negative electrode tab was located.
- Example 10 corresponds to Example 10 in Table 1.
- Example 47 and Example 48 each show a case where the number of inserted cells (number of wound electrode bodies) is one.
- Comparative Example 15 is an example in which one wound electrode body having a normal structure is inserted. Compared with the case where the capacity is increased with a normal structure (Comparative Example 15), when the single-sided foil structure is adopted, the reduction in safety when the capacity is increased can be reduced (Example 47). By increasing the thickness of the member, higher safety can be obtained (Example 48).
- FIG. 27 shows a plurality of examples of the lead connection method.
- the positive leads 43A and 43B are shown, but the negative leads 44A and 44B are similarly connected.
- the resistance between the electrode leads was determined by measuring the resistance between the commonly connected positive electrode lead (43A, 43B) and negative electrode lead (44A, 44B).
- connection method in FIG. 27A is a method in which the bases of the positive electrode leads 43A and 43B are welded outside the exterior member.
- the negative leads 44A and 44B are similarly connected.
- the embodiment 49 employs this connection method.
- the connection method of FIG. 27B is a method of welding the entire positive electrode leads 43A and 43B outside the exterior member 42.
- the negative leads 44A and 44B are similarly connected.
- the embodiment 50 adopts this connection method.
- the connection method of FIG. 27C is a method of welding the tips of the positive leads 43A and 43B outside the exterior member 42.
- the negative leads 44A and 44B are similarly connected.
- the embodiment 51 employs this connection method.
- the connection method of FIG. 27D is a method of welding the tips of the positive leads 43A and 43B outside the exterior member 42.
- the negative leads 44A and 44B are similarly connected. Further, a separator 45 made of an insulator for separating the wound electrode bodies 41A and 41B is provided.
- the embodiment 52 employs this connection method. From the comparison between Examples 51 and 52, it can be seen that the elements are effective even if they are not electrically isolated from each other.
- the large resistance between the leads increases the resistance of the entire battery when viewed from the device side.
- a temperature sensitive element 46 such as a PTC (positive characteristic thermistor) whose resistance increases only when a current flows between the positive leads 43A and 43B.
- the negative leads 44A and 44B are similarly connected.
- the embodiment 53 adopts a method of connecting with a resistor in between, and the embodiment 54 adopts a method of connecting with a PTC in between.
- ⁇ Description of ⁇ Lead resistance between cells (positive and negative lead total) '' in the examples '' When the position indicated by the black dots in FIG. 28 is defined as the root of the electrode lead (for example, the positive lead 43A) connected to the current collector, the position between the roots of the positive leads 43A and 43B of the two wound electrode bodies is defined.
- the resistance (that is, the resistance between point A and point B in FIG. 28) is referred to as “positive-electrode-side resistance”.
- the resistance between the bases of the negative electrode leads of the two wound electrode bodies is referred to as “negative lead resistance”.
- the sum of the resistances between the positive and negative leads is defined as “lead resistance between cells (total positive and negative leads)”.
- FIG. 30 is a block diagram illustrating a circuit configuration example when a battery according to an embodiment of the present technology (hereinafter appropriately referred to as a secondary battery) is applied to a battery pack.
- the battery pack includes a switch unit 304 including an assembled battery 301, an exterior, a charge control switch 302a, and a discharge control switch 303a, a current detection resistor 307, a temperature detection element 308, and a control unit 310.
- the battery pack also includes a positive electrode terminal 321 and a negative electrode lead 322.
- the positive electrode terminal 321 and the negative electrode lead 322 are connected to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the charger, respectively, and charging is performed.
- the positive electrode terminal 321 and the negative electrode lead 322 are connected to the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal of the electronic device, respectively, and discharging is performed.
- the assembled battery 301 is formed by connecting a plurality of secondary batteries 301a in series and / or in parallel.
- the secondary battery 301a is a secondary battery of the present technology.
- FIG. 30 although the case where the six secondary batteries 301a are connected to 2 parallel 3 series (2P3S) is shown as an example, other n parallel m series (n and m are integers) Any connection method may be used.
- the switch unit 304 includes a charge control switch 302a and a diode 302b, and a discharge control switch 303a and a diode 303b, and is controlled by the control unit 310.
- the diode 302b has a reverse polarity with respect to the charging current flowing from the positive electrode terminal 321 in the direction of the assembled battery 301 and the forward polarity with respect to the discharging current flowing from the negative electrode lead 322 in the direction of the assembled battery 301.
- the diode 303b has a forward polarity with respect to the charging current and a reverse polarity with respect to the discharging current.
- the switch unit 304 is provided on the + side, but may be provided on the-side.
- the charge control switch 302a is turned off when the battery voltage becomes the overcharge detection voltage, and is controlled by the charge / discharge control unit so that the charge current does not flow in the current path of the assembled battery 301. After the charging control switch 302a is turned off, only discharging is possible via the diode 302b. Further, it is turned off when a large current flows during charging, and is controlled by the control unit 310 so that the charging current flowing in the current path of the assembled battery 301 is cut off.
- the discharge control switch 303 a is turned off when the battery voltage becomes the overdischarge detection voltage, and is controlled by the control unit 310 so that the discharge current does not flow in the current path of the assembled battery 301. After the discharge control switch 303a is turned off, only charging is possible via the diode 303b. Further, it is turned off when a large current flows during discharging, and is controlled by the control unit 310 so as to cut off the discharging current flowing in the current path of the assembled battery 301.
- the temperature detection element 308 is, for example, a thermistor, is provided in the vicinity of the assembled battery 301, measures the temperature of the assembled battery 301, and supplies the measured temperature to the control unit 310.
- the voltage detection unit 311 measures the voltage of the assembled battery 301 and each secondary battery 301a constituting the assembled battery 301, A / D converts this measurement voltage, and supplies the voltage to the control unit 310.
- the current measurement unit 313 measures the current using the current detection resistor 307 and supplies this measurement current to the control unit 310.
- the switch control unit 314 controls the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a of the switch unit 304 based on the voltage and current input from the voltage detection unit 311 and the current measurement unit 313.
- the switch control unit 314 sends a control signal to the switch unit 304 when any voltage of the secondary battery 301a falls below the overcharge detection voltage or overdischarge detection voltage, or when a large current flows suddenly. By sending, overcharge, overdischarge, and overcurrent charge / discharge are prevented.
- the overcharge detection voltage is determined to be 4.20 V ⁇ 0.05 V, for example, and the overdischarge detection voltage is determined to be 2.4 V ⁇ 0.1 V, for example. .
- a semiconductor switch such as a MOSFET can be used as the charge / discharge switch.
- the parasitic diode of the MOSFET functions as the diodes 302b and 303b.
- the switch control unit 314 supplies control signals DO and CO to the gates of the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a, respectively.
- the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a are P-channel type, they are turned on by a gate potential that is lower than the source potential by a predetermined value or more. That is, in normal charging and discharging operations, the control signals CO and DO are set to a low level, and the charging control switch 302a and the discharging control switch 303a are turned on.
- control signals CO and DO are set to the high level, and the charge control switch 302a and the discharge control switch 303a are turned off.
- the memory 317 includes a RAM and a ROM, and includes, for example, an EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) that is a nonvolatile memory.
- EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
- the numerical value calculated by the control unit 310, the internal resistance value of the battery in the initial state of each secondary battery 301a measured in the manufacturing process, and the like are stored in advance, and can be appropriately rewritten. . Further, by storing the full charge capacity of the secondary battery 301a, for example, the remaining capacity can be calculated together with the control unit 310.
- the temperature detection unit 318 measures the temperature using the temperature detection element 308, performs charge / discharge control at the time of abnormal heat generation, and performs correction in the calculation of the remaining capacity.
- the battery according to the embodiment of the present technology described above can be used for mounting or supplying electric power to devices such as electronic devices, electric vehicles, and power storage devices.
- Examples of electronic devices include notebook computers, smartphones, tablet terminals, PDAs (personal digital assistants), mobile phones, wearable terminals, cordless phones, video movies, digital still cameras, electronic books, electronic dictionaries, music players, radios, Headphones, game consoles, navigation systems, memory cards, pacemakers, hearing aids, electric tools, electric shavers, refrigerators, air conditioners, TVs, stereos, water heaters, microwave ovens, dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, lighting equipment, toys, medical Examples include equipment, robots, road conditioners, and traffic lights.
- examples of the electric vehicle include a railway vehicle, a golf cart, an electric cart, an electric vehicle (including a hybrid vehicle), and the like, and these are used as a driving power source or an auxiliary power source.
- Examples of power storage devices include power storage power sources for buildings such as houses or power generation facilities.
- the first power storage system is a power storage system in which a power storage device is charged by a power generation device that generates power from renewable energy.
- the second power storage system is a power storage system that includes a power storage device and supplies power to an electronic device connected to the power storage device.
- the third power storage system is an electronic device that receives power supply from the power storage device.
- the fourth power storage system includes an electric vehicle having a conversion device that receives power supplied from the power storage device and converts the power into a driving force of the vehicle, and a control device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the power storage device. It is.
- the fifth power storage system is a power system that includes a power information transmission / reception unit that transmits / receives signals to / from other devices via a network, and performs charge / discharge control of the power storage device described above based on information received by the transmission / reception unit.
- the sixth power storage system is a power system that receives power from the power storage device described above or supplies power from the power generation device or the power network to the power storage device.
- the power storage system will be described.
- the house 101 is provided with a power generation device 104, a power consumption device 105, a power storage device 103, a control device 110 that controls each device, a smart meter 107, and a sensor 111 that acquires various types of information.
- Each device is connected by a power network 109 and an information network 112.
- a solar cell, a fuel cell, or the like is used as the power generation device 104, and the generated power is supplied to the power consumption device 105 and / or the power storage device 103.
- the power consuming device 105 includes a refrigerator 105a, an air conditioner 105b that is an air conditioner, a television 105c that is a television receiver, a bath (bath) 105d, and the like.
- the electric power consumption device 105 includes an electric vehicle 106.
- the electric vehicle 106 is an electric vehicle 106a, a hybrid car 106b, and an electric motorcycle 106c.
- the battery of the present technology is applied to the power storage device 103.
- the battery of the present technology may be configured by, for example, the above-described lithium ion secondary battery.
- the smart meter 107 has a function of measuring the usage amount of commercial power and transmitting the measured usage amount to an electric power company.
- the power network 109 may be any one or a combination of DC power supply, AC power supply, and non-contact power supply.
- the various sensors 111 are, for example, human sensors, illuminance sensors, object detection sensors, power consumption sensors, vibration sensors, contact sensors, temperature sensors, infrared sensors, and the like. Information acquired by various sensors 111 is transmitted to the control device 110. Based on the information from the sensor 111, the weather state, the state of a person, and the like can be grasped, and the power consumption device 105 can be automatically controlled to minimize the energy consumption. Furthermore, the control device 110 can transmit information regarding the house 101 to an external power company or the like via the Internet.
- the power hub 108 performs processing such as branching of power lines and DC / AC conversion.
- the communication method of the information network 112 connected to the control device 110 includes a method using a communication interface such as UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter), Bluetooth (registered trademark), ZigBee (registered trademark). And a sensor network based on a wireless communication standard such as Wi-Fi (registered trademark).
- the Bluetooth (registered trademark) system is applied to multimedia communication and can perform one-to-many connection communication.
- ZigBee (registered trademark) uses a physical layer of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Electronics) (802.15.4). IEEE 802.15.4 is the name of a short-range wireless network standard called PAN (Personal Area Network) or W (Wireless) PAN.
- the control device 110 is connected to an external server 113.
- the server 113 may be managed by any one of the house 101, the power company, and the service provider.
- the information transmitted and received by the server 113 is, for example, information related to power consumption information, life pattern information, power charges, weather information, natural disaster information, and power transactions. These pieces of information may be transmitted / received from a power consuming device (for example, a television receiver) in the home, or may be transmitted / received from a device outside the home (for example, a mobile phone). Such information may be displayed on a device having a display function, such as a television receiver, a mobile phone, or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).
- the control device 110 that controls each unit includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), and the like, and is stored in the power storage device 103 in this example.
- the control device 110 is connected to the power storage device 103, the home power generation device 104, the power consumption device 105, the various sensors 111, the server 113, and the information network 112, and adjusts, for example, the amount of commercial power used and the amount of power generation It has a function to do. In addition, you may provide the function etc. which carry out an electric power transaction in an electric power market.
- the power is generated not only from the centralized power system 102 such as the thermal power generation 102a, the nuclear power generation 102b, and the hydropower generation 102c but also from the power generation device 104 (solar power generation, wind power generation) in the home. Can be stored. Therefore, even if the generated power of the power generation device 104 in the home fluctuates, it is possible to perform control such that the amount of power transmitted to the outside is constant or the discharge is performed as necessary.
- the electric power obtained by solar power generation is stored in the power storage device 103, and midnight power with a low charge is stored in the power storage device 103 at night, and the power stored by the power storage device 103 is discharged during a high daytime charge. You can also use it.
- control device 110 is stored in the power storage device 103 .
- control device 110 may be stored in the smart meter 107 or may be configured independently.
- the power storage system 100 may be used for a plurality of homes in an apartment house, or may be used for a plurality of detached houses.
- FIG. 32 schematically shows an example of the configuration of a hybrid vehicle that employs a series hybrid system to which the present technology is applied.
- a series hybrid system is a vehicle that runs on an electric power driving force conversion device using electric power generated by a generator driven by an engine or electric power that is temporarily stored in a battery.
- the hybrid vehicle 200 includes an engine 201, a generator 202, a power driving force conversion device 203, driving wheels 204a, driving wheels 204b, wheels 205a, wheels 205b, a battery 208, a vehicle control device 209, various sensors 210, and a charging port 211. Is installed.
- the battery of the present technology described above is applied to the battery 208.
- Hybrid vehicle 200 travels using electric power / driving force conversion device 203 as a power source.
- An example of the power driving force conversion device 203 is a motor.
- the electric power / driving force converter 203 is operated by the electric power of the battery 208, and the rotational force of the electric power / driving force converter 203 is transmitted to the drive wheels 204a and 204b.
- DC-AC DC-AC
- AC-DC conversion AC-DC conversion
- the power driving force converter 203 can be applied to either an AC motor or a DC motor.
- the various sensors 210 control the engine speed via the vehicle control device 209 and control the opening (throttle opening) of a throttle valve (not shown).
- the various sensors 210 include a speed sensor, an acceleration sensor, an engine speed sensor, and the like.
- Rotational force of the engine 201 is transmitted to the generator 202, and electric power generated by the generator 202 by the rotational force can be stored in the battery 208.
- the resistance force at the time of deceleration is applied as a rotational force to the electric power driving force conversion device 203, and the regenerative electric power generated by the electric power driving force conversion device 203 by this rotational force is the battery 208. Accumulated in.
- the battery 208 is connected to a power source outside the hybrid vehicle 200, so that it can receive power from the external power source using the charging port 211 as an input port and store the received power.
- an information processing device that performs information processing related to vehicle control based on information related to the secondary battery may be provided.
- an information processing apparatus for example, there is an information processing apparatus that displays a remaining battery level based on information on the remaining battery level.
- the present technology is also effective for a parallel hybrid vehicle in which the engine and motor outputs are both driving sources, and the system is switched between the three modes of driving with only the engine, driving with the motor, and engine and motor. Applicable. Furthermore, the present technology can be effectively applied to a so-called electric vehicle that travels only by a drive motor without using an engine.
- this technique can also take the following structures.
- a positive electrode active material layer is formed on one surface of the positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer is not formed on the other surface of the positive electrode current collector in the outer periphery of the electrode winding body.
- the negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer formed on one surface of the negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material layer is not formed on the other surface of the negative electrode current collector in the outer periphery of the electrode winding body. 2 exposed surfaces, The battery in which the first and second exposed surfaces face each other with the separator interposed therebetween.
- the battery according to (1) wherein a first covering material is disposed on at least a part of the first exposed surface or the second exposed surface in an outer peripheral portion of the wound electrode body.
- the first covering material has at least a first substrate;
- the battery according to (1) or (2), wherein a value obtained by multiplying the melting point of the first base material by the thickness of the first base material is less than 4.6 [° C. mm].
- the positive electrode has a third exposed surface in which a positive electrode active material layer is not formed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector in an inner peripheral portion of the electrode winding body
- the negative electrode has a fourth exposed surface in which the negative electrode active material layer is not formed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector in the inner periphery of the electrode winding body
- the battery according to (1) wherein the third and fourth exposed surfaces face each other with the separator interposed therebetween.
- a second covering material is disposed on at least a part of the third exposed surface or the fourth exposed surface.
- the second covering material has at least a second substrate;
- Opposing portions of the first and second exposed surfaces include a bent portion, The length from the position in the electrode element width direction of the start portion of the facing portion when viewed in the winding direction to the position in the electrode element width direction of the apex of the bent portion is defined as X, When the length from the position in the electrode element width direction of the apex of the bent portion to the position in the electrode element width direction of the terminal portion of the facing portion is defined as Y, The battery according to (1), wherein a relationship of X ⁇ Y is satisfied.
- the battery includes an exterior member, The battery according to (1), wherein the exterior member is a laminate film.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode each have an electrode lead, The battery according to (1), wherein the length of at least one of the electrode leads in the wound electrode body exceeds half of the height of the wound electrode body.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode each have an electrode lead, The facing portion of the first or second exposed surface includes a bent portion, The position in the electrode element width direction of at least one of the electrode leads is between the position in the electrode element width direction at one end of the opposed portion and the position in the electrode element width direction at the other end.
- a positive electrode active material layer is formed on one surface of the positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer is not formed on the other surface of the positive electrode current collector in the outer periphery of the electrode winding body.
- 1 exposed surface The first exposed surface is a battery facing the region where the negative electrode active material layer is not provided on both surfaces of the negative electrode current collector with the separator interposed therebetween.
- a battery having an electrode winding body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound through a separator The negative electrode has a negative electrode active material layer formed on one surface of the negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material layer is not formed on the other surface of the negative electrode current collector in the outer periphery of the electrode winding body. 2 exposed surfaces, The second exposed surface is a battery facing the region where the positive electrode active material layer is not provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode current collector, with the separator interposed therebetween.
- a power storage device that includes the battery according to (1) and supplies electric power to an electronic device connected to the battery.
- It has a power information control device that transmits and receives signals to and from other devices via a network, The power storage device according to (16), wherein charge / discharge control of the battery is performed based on information received by the power information control device.
- the electric power system which receives supply of electric power from the battery as described in (1).
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Abstract
Description
正極は、電極捲回体の外周部において、正極集電体の一面に正極活物質層が形成されるとともに、正極集電体の他面に正極活物質層が形成されていない第1の露出面を有し、
負極は、電極捲回体の外周部において、負極集電体の一面に負極活物質層が形成されるとともに、負極集電体の他面に負極活物質層が形成されていない第2の露出面を有し、
第1及び第2の露出面が、セパレータを介して対向している電池である。
本技術は、正極と負極とをセパレータを介して捲回した電極捲回体を有する電池において、
正極は、電極捲回体の外周部において、正極集電体の一面に正極活物質層が形成されるとともに、正極集電体の他面に正極活物質層が形成されていない第1の露出面を有し、
第1の露出面は、負極集電体のうち、両面に負極活物質層が設けられていない領域に、セパレータを介して対向している電池である。
本技術は、正極と負極とをセパレータを介して捲回した電極捲回体を有する電池において、
負極は、電極捲回体の外周部において、負極集電体の一面に負極活物質層が形成されるとともに、負極集電体の他面に負極活物質層が形成されていない第2の露出面を有し、
第2の露出面は、正極集電体のうち、両面に正極活物質層が設けられていない領域に、セパレータを介して対向している電池である。
本技術の電池パック、電子機器、電動車両、蓄電装置及び電力システムは、上述の電池を備えるものである。
本技術の説明は、以下の順序にしたがってなされる。
<1.電池の一例>
<2.本技術の一実施の形態>
<3.応用例>
<4.変形例>
本技術を適用できるラミネートフィルム型の電池の一例について以下に説明する(例えば特開2001-266946号公報参照)。本技術は、電極活物質層がひと続きで塗布された正負極を捲回し外装部材に収容した電池に関するものである。図1は、かかる非水電解質電池21の構成を表すものである。この非水電解質電池21は、捲回電極体10を図示しない電解質と共にフィルム状の外装部材22の内部に収容したものである。
[正極活物質]
リチウムを吸蔵及び放出することが可能な正極材料としては、例えば、リチウム含有化合物が好ましい。高いエネルギー密度が得られるからである。このリチウム含有化合物としては、例えば、リチウムと遷移金属元素とを含む複合酸化物や、リチウムと遷移金属元素とを含むリン酸化合物等が挙げられる。中でも、遷移金属元素としてコバルト(Co)、ニッケル(Ni)、マンガン(Mn)及び鉄(Fe)からなる群のうちの少なくとも1種を含むものが好ましい。より高い電圧が得られるからである。
負極活物質層は、負極活物質として、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出することが可能な負極材料のいずれか1種又は2種以上を含んでおり、必要に応じて、結着剤や導電剤などの他の材料を含んでいてもよい。この際、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出することが可能な負極材料における充電可能な容量は、正極の放電容量よりも大きくなっていることが好ましい。リチウムを吸蔵及び放出することが可能な負極材料としては、例えば、炭素材料が挙げられる。この炭素材料とは、例えば、易黒鉛化性炭素や、(002)面の面間隔が0.37nm以上の難黒鉛化性炭素や、(002)面の面間隔が0.34nm以下の黒鉛などである。より具体的には、熱分解炭素類、コークス類、ガラス状炭素繊維、有機高分子化合物焼成体、活性炭又はカーボンブラック類などがある。このうち、コークス類には、ピッチコークス、ニードルコークス又は石油コークスなどが含まれる。有機高分子化合物焼成体とは、フェノール樹脂やフラン樹脂などを適当な温度で焼成して炭素化したものをいう。炭素材料は、リチウムの吸蔵及び放出に伴う結晶構造の変化が非常に少ないため、高いエネルギー密度が得られると共に優れたサイクル特性が得られ、さらに導電剤としても機能するので好ましい。なお、炭素材料の形状は、繊維状、球状、粒状又は鱗片状のいずれでもよい。
結着剤は、例えば、合成ゴム及び高分子材料などのうちのいずれか1種類又は2種類以上を含んでいる。合成ゴムは、例えば、スチレンブタジエン系ゴム、フッ素系ゴム及びエチレンプロピレンジエンなどである。高分子材料は、例えば、ポリフッ化ビニリデン及びポリイミドなどである。
導電剤は、例えば、炭素材料などのうちのいずれか1種類又は2種類以上を含んでいる。この炭素材料は、例えば、黒鉛、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック及びケチェンブラックなどである。なお、導電剤は、導電性を有する材料であれば、金属材料及び導電性高分子などでもよい。
セパレータは、正極と負極とを隔離しつつ、両極の接触に起因する電流の短絡を防止しながらリチウムイオンを通過させる機能を有しており、例えば合成樹脂やセラミックなどからなる多孔質膜で作製することができる。さらに、リチウムイオン電池の安全性確保のために、セパレーターにはシャットダウン機能を持たせることができる。ここでいうシャットダウン機能とは、電池の温度が上昇したときに、微多孔膜の孔が閉塞し、電流を遮断する機能のことを言い、電池の熱暴走を食い止める働きがある。これら機能を併せ持つ材料として、ポリオレフィン、ポリエチレン微多孔膜等が挙げられる。
また、電池の設計によっては、シャットダウン後に電池がさらに高温になりセパレーターが溶融し、電池内部で短絡が生じ、発煙発火等につながることがある。そこで、ポリエチレン微多孔膜の片面又は両面に耐熱性多孔質層を被覆させたり、耐熱性繊維からなる不織布を積層させたり、これらの層にセラミック粉末を含ませたりする技術が提案されている。例えば、ポリエチレン微多孔膜の片面又は両面に、湿式塗工法により芳香族アラミドやポリイミド、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等の耐熱性高分子からなる耐熱性多孔質層を積層した非水電解質電池セパレータが知られており、これらを用いてもよい。この高分子化合物層を形成する場合には、例えば、高分子材料が溶解された溶液を基材層に塗布したのち基材層を乾燥させてもよいし、溶液中に基材層を浸漬させたのち、その基材層を乾燥させてもよい。
電解液は、溶媒と、電解質塩とを含む。
溶媒としては、例えば、炭酸エチレン(EC)、炭酸プロピレン(PC)、炭酸ブチレン、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸ジエチル、炭酸エチルメチル、炭酸メチルプロピル、γ-ブチロラクトン、γ-バレロラクトン、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、1,3-ジオキソラン、4-メチル-1,3-ジオキソラン、1,3-ジオキサン、1,4-ジオキサン、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、プロピオン酸メチル、プロピオン酸エチル、酪酸メチル、イソ酪酸メチル、トリメチル酢酸メチル、トリメチル酢酸エチル、アセトニトリル、グルタロニトリル、アジポニトリル、メトキシアセトニトリル、3-メトキシプロピオニトリル、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチルピロリジノン、N-メチルオキサゾリジノン、N,N’-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン、ニトロメタン、ニトロエタン、スルホラン、リン酸トリメチル又はジメチルスルホキシドなどを用いることができる。この電解液を電池などの電気化学デバイスに用いた場合において、優れた容量、サイクル特性及び保存特性が得られるからである。これらは単独で用いてもよいし、複数種を混合して用いてもよい。中でも、溶媒としては、炭酸エチレン、炭酸プロピレン、炭酸ジメチル、炭酸ジエチル及び炭酸エチルメチルからなる群のうちの少なくとも1種を含むものを用いることが好ましい。十分な効果が得られるからである。この場合には、特に、高粘度(高誘電率)溶媒(例えば、比誘電率εr≧30)である炭酸エチレン又は炭酸プロピレンと、低粘度溶媒(例えば、粘度≦1mPa・s)である炭酸ジメチル、炭酸ジエチル又は炭酸エチルメチルとを混合して含むものを用いることが好ましい。電解質塩の解離性及びイオンの移動度が向上するため、より高い効果が得られるからである。ただし、溶媒は、上記以外の材料でもよい。
本技術は、エネルギー密度を下げずに安全性を向上させるものである。以下、図面を参照して本技術について説明するが、簡単のため、捲回電極体の図面については、構造の異なる外周側の集電体を示し、図3に示すように、正極集電体11aに対して正極活物質層11bが塗布された正極11と、負極集電体12aに対して負極活物質層12bが塗布された負極12とを示すことにする。セパレータ、保護テープ、内周側の構造は、一部の図面を除いて省略する。
1.正負極集電体が対向する部分では低抵抗のショートが起こるため、電極塗布部が対向する部分の発熱量が低減すること
2.最外周にそれを配置した場合、釘刺し初期から電極塗布部が対向する部分の発熱量が低減すること
以上2点の効果が掛け合わさることにより、電池が熱暴走しにくくなる。
また、正負極集電体が対向する部分の電流経路は、正極集電体と負極集電体が釘を介して短絡する経路よりも、正負極集電体が直接接触している経路の方が主な電流経路であることが判った。
そこで、集電体の金属面が電池の外周側で対向する構造としてどのような構造が考えられるかを検討し、実際に電池を作製し厚みと安全性の関係を明らかにした。
まず、箔箔対向部を設ける面に関していえば、外周側に箔箔対向部を設けることが安全性向上に非常に効果的である。そのため、外傷が加わる面が片面からしか想定されないのであれば、その面の外周側に箔箔対向部を設けることで安全性向上が期待できる。さらに、箔箔対向部の数は多いほどその効果を維持しやすいことから、より安全性を高めたい場合は、外傷が加わる側とその反対面側の両面に箔箔対向部を設けることができる。
電池を組み立てたのち初回充電を行ったのち、満充電状態のまま3日間放置する。3日間放置する前後の電池の開放電圧(OCV)を比較して、0.05V以上低下したものを不良」とカウントし、100セル組み立てたうちの不良数の割合をOCV不良率と定義した。
テープ基材の融点は、示差走査熱量測定装置(DSC;Differential Scanning Calorimetry)を用いて測定した。測定は、厚さ0.1mmの試料を5mg分測定容器形状に合わせて切断し、装置内に封入後、10℃/minで昇温し、DSC曲線を測定し、DSC曲線の基材の融点ピークの頂点の温度を融点とした。このとき、リファレンスとして、試料と同程度の体積分のα-アルミナ粉を別容器に封入して使用した。
実施例21-実施例24では、図11に示す断面構造を有する捲回電極体を採用した。正極外周側テープ18cは、実施例10と同様とし、負極内周側テープ18bの厚みを表2に示すとおりに変えた。
実施例25-実施例27では、図11に示す断面構造を有する捲回電極体を採用した。正極外周側テープ18cは、実施例10と同様とし、負極内周側テープ18bの材料種を表2に示すとおりに変えた。
実施例28-実施例31では、図22に示す断面構造を有する捲回電極体を採用した。この捲回電極体では、内周側の電池の中央部に被覆材(正極内周側テープ)18aと被覆材(負極内周側テープ)18bとがセパレータを介して対向している。
実施例32では、図23に示す断面構造を有する捲回電極体を採用した。この捲回電極体は、活物質が載っていない正極集電体11aが電池の中央部分に到達していない構造を有するものである。
実施例33、実施例34、比較例12-比較例14では、図11に示す断面構造を有する捲回電極体を採用した。負極内周側テープ18bを15μmのPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)として、正極外周側テープ18cの厚みを表2に示す通りに変えた。
図11に示す断面構造を有する捲回電極体を採用した。実施例35-実施例37は、負極内周側テープ18b若しくは正極外周側テープ18cがある例、又は、負極内周側テープ18bのみがある例、又は、負極内周側テープ18b及び正極外周側テープ18cの両方がない例である。
実施例10の捲回電極体の正極及び負極の位置関係を入れ替え、これを実施例39の捲回電極体として採用した(図示省略)。
表2に示す実施例21-実施例31は、外周側のテープの厚みと材料を一定とし、内周側の基材種と厚みとを変えた例である。実施例21-実施例31の結果から一定の法則を導き出せた。
釘が刺さる状況によっては、箔箔ショートを起こした部分の発熱が大きくなり、結果として短絡が外れ、所望の短絡状態を得られないことがある。箔箔ショートとは、アルミニウム箔(正極集電体11a)と銅箔(負極集電体12a)が低抵抗でショートしていることである。発熱が大きくなると、アルミニウム箔が溶けてしまい、低抵抗でショートしている状態が解除されてしまうことがある。正極の集電体としてはアルミ箔が、負極の集電体としては銅箔が用いられることが多く、この場合アルミ箔の方が融点が低いため、短絡の解除が起きやすい。そのため正極リード16で補強を行うことによって短絡解除を抑制することができる。すなわち、正極リード16を釘刺しに対する安全性を高めたい部分に設置することで、短絡解除を抑制することで高い安全性を得ることができる。仮にセルの中央に釘が刺さることを想定した場合、図24に示すような構造をとると効果的である。
より大容量を得るために、複数の電池素子を共通の外装部材の中に収納することが考えられている。このように、より大きな容量の電池を作製した場合、安全性が低下するという問題がある。このような大容量化の場合において、本技術を適用することによって、安全性を高めることができる。すなわち、容量の大きい電池においてもできるだけエネルギー密度を下げずに高い安全性を確保するために、片面箔箔構造の素子を積層しひとつの外装内に挿入する構造をとることもできる。
図27Bの接続方法は、外装部材42の外で正極リード43A及び43Bの全体を溶接する方法である。負極リード44A及び44Bも同様に接続される。この接続方法を採用するのが実施例50である。
図27Cの接続方法は、外装部材42の外で正極リード43A及び43Bの先端を溶接する方法である。負極リード44A及び44Bも同様に接続される。この接続方法を採用するのが実施例51である。
図27Dの接続方法は、外装部材42の外で正極リード43A及び43Bの先端を溶接する方法である。負極リード44A及び44Bも同様に接続される。さらに、捲回電極体41A及び41Bを隔離するための絶縁体からなるセパレータ45が設けられている。この接続方法を採用するのが実施例52である。実施例51と52の比較より、素子同士は電気的に隔離されていてもいなくても効果があることが分かる。
図28における黒ドットで示す位置を、集電体と接続された電極リード(例えば正極リード43A)の根本と定義したとき、2個の捲回電極体の正極リード43A及び43Bの根本の間の抵抗(つまり図28におけるA点とB点の間の抵抗)を「正極側のリード間抵抗」とする。2個の捲回電極体の負極側電極リードの根本の間の抵抗を「負極側のリード間抵抗」とする。これらの正負極側のリード間抵抗を合計したものを、「セル間のリード抵抗(正負極リード合計)」と定義する。なお、図28及び図29において、二つのリード電極を外装部材の外に出す際、リード電極と外装部材の間の隙間を埋め捲回電極体を密封するために熱可塑性樹脂47が設けられている。
<3-1.電池パックの例>
図30は、本技術の一実施の形態に係る電池(以下、二次電池と適宜称する)を電池パックに適用した場合の回路構成例を示すブロック図である。電池パックは、組電池301、外装、充電制御スイッチ302aと、放電制御スイッチ303a、を備えるスイッチ部304、電流検出抵抗307、温度検出素子308、制御部310を備えている。
上述した本技術の一実施の形態に係る電池は、例えば電子機器や電動車両、蓄電装置などの機器に搭載又は電力を供給するために使用することができる。
本技術の電池を用いた蓄電装置を住宅用の蓄電システムに適用した例について、図31を参照して説明する。例えば住宅101用の蓄電システム100においては、火力発電102a、原子力発電102b、水力発電102cなどの集中型電力系統102から電力網109、情報網112、スマートメータ107、パワーハブ108などを介し、電力が蓄電装置103に供給される。これと共に、家庭内の発電装置104などの独立電源から電力が蓄電装置103に供給される。蓄電装置103に供給された電力が蓄電される。蓄電装置103を使用して、住宅101で使用する電力が給電される。住宅101に限らずビルに関しても同様の蓄電システムを使用できる。
本技術を車両用の蓄電システムに適用した例について、図32を参照して説明する。図32に、本技術が適用されるシリーズハイブリッドシステムを採用するハイブリッド車両の構成の一例を概略的に示す。シリーズハイブリッドシステムはエンジンで動かす発電機で発電された電力、あるいはそれをバッテリに一旦貯めておいた電力を用いて、電力駆動力変換装置で走行する車である。
以上、本技術の一実施の形態について具体的に説明したが、本技術は、上述の一実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本技術の技術的思想に基づく各種の変形が可能である。例えば、上述の実施形態において挙げた構成、方法、工程、形状、材料及び数値などはあくまでも例に過ぎず、必要に応じてこれと異なる構成、方法、工程、形状、材料及び数値などを用いてもよい。
(1)
正極と負極とをセパレータを介して捲回した電極捲回体を有する電池において、
前記正極は、前記電極捲回体の外周部において、正極集電体の一面に正極活物質層が形成されるとともに、前記正極集電体の他面に正極活物質層が形成されていない第1の露出面を有し、
前記負極は、前記電極捲回体の外周部において、負極集電体の一面に負極活物質層が形成されるとともに、前記負極集電体の他面に負極活物質層が形成されていない第2の露出面を有し、
前記第1及び第2の露出面が、前記セパレータを介して対向している電池。
(2)
前記捲回電極体の外周部において、前記第1の露出面又は前記第2の露出面の少なくとも一部に第1の被覆材が配置された(1)に記載の電池。
(3)
前記第1の被覆材は少なくとも第1の基材を有し、
前記第1の基材の融点と前記第1の基材の厚みとを掛け合わせた値は、4.6[℃・mm]未満である(1)または(2)に記載の電池。
(4)
前記正極は、前記電極捲回体の内周部において、正極集電体の少なくとも一面に正極活物質層が形成されていない第3の露出面を有し、
前記負極は、前記電極捲回体の内周部において、負極集電体の少なくとも一面に負極活物質層が形成されていない第4の露出面を有し、
前記第3及び第4の露出面が、前記セパレータを介して対向している(1)に記載の電池。
(5)
前記第3の露出面又は前記第4の露出面の少なくとも一部に第2の被覆材が配置された(4)に記載の電池。
(6)
前記第2の被覆材は少なくとも第2の基材を有し、
前記第2の基材の融点と前記第2の基材の厚みとを掛け合わせた値は、14.0[℃・mm]未満である(5)に記載の電池。
(7)
前記第1及び第2の露出面の対向部分は屈曲部を備え、
前記捲回方向に向かって見たときの、前記対向部分の開始部の電極素子幅方向の位置から、前記屈曲部の頂点の電極素子幅方向の位置までの長さをXと定義し、前記屈曲部の頂点の電極素子幅方向の位置から、前記対向部分の終端部の電極素子幅方向の位置までの長さをYと定義したとき、
X≧Yの関係を満たすようにした(1)に記載の電池。
(8)
前記電池は外装部材を備え、
前記外装部材がラミネートフィルムである(1)に記載の電池。
(9)
前記正極及び前記負極がそれぞれ電極リードを備え、
少なくとも一方の前記電極リードの前記捲回電極体内の長さが、前記捲回電極体の高さの半分を超えている(1)に記載の電池。
(10)
前記正極及び前記負極がそれぞれ電極リードを備え、
前記第1又は第2の露出面の対向部分は屈曲部を備え、
少なくとも一方の前記電極リードの電極素子幅方向の位置が、前記対向部分の一方の端の電極素子幅方向の位置と、他方の端の電極素子幅方向の位置との間になるように、前記少なくとも一方の電極リードを配置した(1)に記載の電池。
(11)
正極と負極とをセパレータを介して捲回した電極捲回体を有する電池において、
前記正極は、前記電極捲回体の外周部において、正極集電体の一面に正極活物質層が形成されるとともに、前記正極集電体の他面に正極活物質層が形成されていない第1の露出面を有し、
前記第1の露出面は、前記負極集電体のうち、両面に負極活物質層が設けられていない領域に、前記セパレータを介して対向している電池。
(12)
正極と負極とをセパレータを介して捲回した電極捲回体を有する電池において、
前記負極は、前記電極捲回体の外周部において、負極集電体の一面に負極活物質層が形成されるとともに、前記負極集電体の他面に負極活物質層が形成されていない第2の露出面を有し、
前記第2の露出面は、前記正極集電体のうち、両面に正極活物質層が設けられていない領域に、前記セパレータを介して対向している電池。
(13)
(1)に記載の電池と、
前記電池を制御する制御部と、
前記電池を内包する外装と
を有する電池パック。
(14)
(1)に記載の電池から電力の供給を受ける電子機器。
(15)
(1)に記載の電池と、
前記電池から電力の供給を受けて車両の駆動力に変換する変換装置と、
前記電池に関する情報に基づいて車両制御に関する情報処理を行う制御装置と
を有する電動車両。
(16)
(1)に記載の電池を有し、前記電池に接続される電子機器に電力を供給する蓄電装置。
(17)
他の機器とネットワークを介して信号を送受信する電力情報制御装置を有し、
前記電力情報制御装置が受信した情報に基づき、前記電池の充放電制御を行う(16)に記載の蓄電装置。
(18)
(1)に記載の電池から電力の供給を受ける電力システム。
(19)
発電装置又は電力網から前記電池に電力が供給される(18)に記載の電力システム。
11・・・正極
11a・・・正極集電体
11b・・・正極活物質含有塗膜
12・・・負極
12a・・・負極集電体
12b・・・負極活物質含有塗膜
15・・・セパレータ
16・・・正極リード
17・・・負極リード
21・・・非水電解質電池
22・・・外装部材
Claims (19)
- 正極と負極とをセパレータを介して捲回した電極捲回体を有する電池において、
前記正極は、前記電極捲回体の外周部において、正極集電体の一面に正極活物質層が形成されるとともに、前記正極集電体の他面に正極活物質層が形成されていない第1の露出面を有し、
前記負極は、前記電極捲回体の外周部において、負極集電体の一面に負極活物質層が形成されるとともに、前記負極集電体の他面に負極活物質層が形成されていない第2の露出面を有し、
前記第1及び第2の露出面が、前記セパレータを介して対向している電池。 - 前記捲回電極体の外周部において、前記第1の露出面又は前記第2の露出面の少なくとも一部に第1の被覆材が配置された請求項1に記載の電池。
- 前記第1の被覆材は少なくとも第1の基材を有し、
前記第1の基材の融点と前記第1の基材の厚みとを掛け合わせた値は、4.6[℃・mm]未満である請求項2に記載の電池。 - 前記正極は、前記電極捲回体の内周部において、正極集電体の少なくとも一面に正極活物質層が形成されていない第3の露出面を有し、
前記負極は、前記電極捲回体の内周部において、負極集電体の少なくとも一面に負極活物質層が形成されていない第4の露出面を有し、
前記第3及び第4の露出面が、前記セパレータを介して対向している請求項1に記載の電池。 - 前記第3の露出面又は前記第4の露出面の少なくとも一部に第2の被覆材が配置された請求項4に記載の電池。
- 前記第2の被覆材は少なくとも第2の基材を有し、
前記第2の基材の融点と前記第2の基材の厚みとを掛け合わせた値は、14.0[℃・mm]未満である請求項5に記載の電池。 - 前記第1及び第2の露出面の対向部分は屈曲部を備え、
前記捲回方向に向かって見たときの、前記対向部分の開始部の電極素子幅方向の位置から、前記屈曲部の頂点の電極素子幅方向の位置までの長さをXと定義し、前記屈曲部の頂点の電極素子幅方向の位置から、前記対向部分の終端部の電極素子幅方向の位置までの長さをYと定義したとき、
X≧Yの関係を満たすようにした請求項1に記載の電池。 - 前記電池は外装部材を備え、
前記外装部材がラミネートフィルムである請求項1に記載の電池。 - 前記正極及び前記負極がそれぞれ電極リードを備え、
少なくとも一方の前記電極リードの前記捲回電極体内の長さが、前記捲回電極体の高さの半分を超えている請求項1に記載の電池。 - 前記正極及び前記負極がそれぞれ電極リードを備え、
前記第1又は第2の露出面の対向部分は屈曲部を備え、
少なくとも一方の前記電極リードの電極素子幅方向の位置が、前記対向部分の一方の端の電極素子幅方向の位置と、他方の端の電極素子幅方向の位置との間になるように、前記少なくとも一方の電極リードを配置した請求項1に記載の電池。 - 正極と負極とをセパレータを介して捲回した電極捲回体を有する電池において、
前記正極は、前記電極捲回体の外周部において、正極集電体の一面に正極活物質層が形成されるとともに、前記正極集電体の他面に正極活物質層が形成されていない第1の露出面を有し、
前記第1の露出面は、前記負極集電体のうち、両面に負極活物質層が設けられていない領域に、前記セパレータを介して対向している電池。 - 正極と負極とをセパレータを介して捲回した電極捲回体を有する電池において、
前記負極は、前記電極捲回体の外周部において、負極集電体の一面に負極活物質層が形成されるとともに、前記負極集電体の他面に負極活物質層が形成されていない第2の露出面を有し、
前記第2の露出面は、前記正極集電体のうち、両面に正極活物質層が設けられていない領域に、前記セパレータを介して対向している電池。 - 請求項1に記載の電池と、
前記電池を制御する制御部と、
前記電池を内包する外装と
を有する電池パック。 - 請求項1に記載の電池から電力の供給を受ける電子機器。
- 請求項1に記載の電池と、
前記電池から電力の供給を受けて車両の駆動力に変換する変換装置と、
前記電池に関する情報に基づいて車両制御に関する情報処理を行う制御装置と
を有する電動車両。 - 請求項1に記載の電池を有し、前記電池に接続される電子機器に電力を供給する蓄電装置。
- 他の機器とネットワークを介して信号を送受信する電力情報制御装置を有し、
前記電力情報制御装置が受信した情報に基づき、前記電池の充放電制御を行う請求項16に記載の蓄電装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電池から電力の供給を受ける電力システム。
- 発電装置又は電力網から前記電池に電力が供給される請求項18に記載の電力システム。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US15/517,041 US10147973B2 (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2016-06-02 | Battery, battery pack, electronic device, electric vehicle, electricity storage device, and power system |
CN201680003792.5A CN107112494B (zh) | 2015-06-09 | 2016-06-02 | 电池、电池组、电子仪器、电动汽车、电力存储装置以及电力*** |
JP2017501051A JP6384587B2 (ja) | 2015-06-09 | 2016-06-02 | 電池、電池パック、電子機器、電動車両、蓄電装置及び電力システム |
KR1020177013592A KR102122636B1 (ko) | 2015-06-09 | 2016-06-02 | 전지, 전지 팩, 전자 기기, 전동 차량, 축전 장치 및 전력 시스템 |
EP16807094.4A EP3309870B1 (en) | 2015-06-09 | 2016-06-02 | Battery, battery pack, electronic instrument, electric car, power storage device and power system |
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US20170301959A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
JP6729645B2 (ja) | 2020-07-22 |
CN107112494B (zh) | 2020-11-06 |
JP6791030B2 (ja) | 2020-11-25 |
EP3309870A4 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
KR20180016329A (ko) | 2018-02-14 |
EP3309870A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
CN107112494A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
EP3309870B1 (en) | 2022-08-03 |
JP2018170302A (ja) | 2018-11-01 |
JPWO2016199384A1 (ja) | 2017-06-22 |
KR102122636B1 (ko) | 2020-06-12 |
JP2017152414A (ja) | 2017-08-31 |
US10147973B2 (en) | 2018-12-04 |
JP6384587B2 (ja) | 2018-09-05 |
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