WO2016189375A1 - Chaudière de cogénération de chaleur de d'électricité pourvue de modules thermoélectriques - Google Patents

Chaudière de cogénération de chaleur de d'électricité pourvue de modules thermoélectriques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016189375A1
WO2016189375A1 PCT/IB2016/000680 IB2016000680W WO2016189375A1 WO 2016189375 A1 WO2016189375 A1 WO 2016189375A1 IB 2016000680 W IB2016000680 W IB 2016000680W WO 2016189375 A1 WO2016189375 A1 WO 2016189375A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermoelectric modules
boiler
combustion chamber
fins
stacks
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2016/000680
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sandro MATALONI
Original Assignee
Clementi S.R.L.
Mata S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clementi S.R.L., Mata S.R.L. filed Critical Clementi S.R.L.
Priority to EP16729975.9A priority Critical patent/EP3303938B1/fr
Publication of WO2016189375A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016189375A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0063—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/187—Water-storage heaters using solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/34—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side
    • F24H1/36—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water chamber arranged adjacent to the combustion chamber or chambers, e.g. above or at side the water chamber including one or more fire tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2101/60—Thermoelectric generators, e.g. Peltier or Seebeck elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D2103/00—Thermal aspects of small-scale CHP systems
    • F24D2103/10—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units
    • F24D2103/13—Small-scale CHP systems characterised by their heat recovery units characterised by their heat exchangers

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is a cogeneration boiler, that is suitable for the integrated production of thermal energy and electrical energy.
  • the invention relates to the field of stoves provided with a furnace, in particular to those suppliable with pellet, mixed wood, grit, corn, vegetable fuels, i.e., in the most generic meaning, biomasses.
  • the relevant field is that of the stoves of the "hydro"-type, that is, used not only to heat directly the air of the installation environment but also the heating system and/or sanitary water.
  • a combustion apparatus consisting of a burner, comprising a substantially flat furnace, which outlines on top a combustion chamber and at the bottom a housing zone of the ignition device (usually a plug for the pilot flame);
  • a biomass boiler of this kind is capable of generating a thermal power comprised between 10 and 34 kW depending on the model and the characteristics of the installation environment.
  • This amount of thermal power can be divided into the following energy distribution percentages:
  • one of the objects of the present invention is to reduce, at least in part, such percentage of thermal energy dispersed into the environment by a biomass boiler.
  • cogeneration units are also known for the decentralised production of electrical energy, comprising a primary fuel generator (typically a boiler for ambient heating and/or sanitary hot water) and a secondary generator, usually a Stirling engine or a fuel cell.
  • a primary fuel generator typically a boiler for ambient heating and/or sanitary hot water
  • a secondary generator usually a Stirling engine or a fuel cell.
  • Said cogeneration units allow using part of the thermal energy produced by the primary fuel generator to transform it into electrical energy, thus proving to be a valid solution from the side of environmental sustainability and energy saving.
  • the use of Stirling engines or fuel cells require high cost components needing periodic maintenance, which does not combine well with the saving requirements inherent to a biomass boiler, which usually has a purely domestic use.
  • the main object of the present invention is to eliminate at least a part of the aforementioned drawbacks of the known art, by designing a cogeneration unit having components of simpler realisation and lower cost, adapted to the production of electrical energy through the use of part of the thermal energy produced by the primary generator.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a biomass boiler which, through the optimisation of energy and solid fuel consumption, allows a significant energy saving and contributes to improving the environmental impact.
  • thermoelectric modules according to claim 1, as illustrated in the following description and in the annexed claims, which constitute an integral part of the same description.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows some of the main components of the biomass boiler according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the biomass boiler according to the invention, in accordance with section B-B of Fig. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 shows a magnified view of the portion of a component of Fig. 2.
  • Reference 1 globally indicates the biomass boiler, object of the present invention.
  • said biomass boiler 1 (hereinafter briefly referred to as “boiler 1") includes the following standard components, enclosed in the structure 1.1 :
  • combustion chamber 2 above a furnace 3, in which the combustion of the pellet coming from a screw supply system (not shown in the figure): said combustion chamber 2 is optionally accessible from the outside through an inspection door 1.2;
  • venting conduit 4 of the combustion fumes extracted from the combustion chamber 2 with the aid of a suction system 6 up to the vent stack 6.1;
  • a heat exchanger 5 located internally to said fume venting conduit 4 adapted to recover the heat of such fumes to release it, through a special circuit 7.1, to the water contained in a tank 7 up to bring it to a temperature ts sufficient for the heating of the building and/or to the water for sanitary uses; such temperature is typically about 60 °C or even less;
  • the boiler 1 further comprises special additional elements and modifications to the standard components listed above, in order to achieve the mentioned objects.
  • thermoelectric modules 11 arranged in the proximity of the combustion chamber 2 with the means and the methods described hereinafter.
  • thermoelectric modules 11 preferably consist of Peltier cells (known to be operating by Seebeck effect), often used in those fields where there is the need of easily cooling down reduced amounts of material, such as in small household appliances or in electronic components of common use.
  • Peltier cells known to be operating by Seebeck effect
  • such cells may be used in reverse way, also to obtain electrical energy by heating a face of the module 11, cooling the opposite face and connecting the two faces with an electrical circuit in which a continuous current is generated, the wider is the thermal difference between the two faces the higher it is.
  • thermoelectric modules 11 used by the invention consist, more generally, of modular static devices in which a temperature difference applied between two opposite faces of the module generates an electrical potential difference between the same that may be used to produce electrical energy.
  • thermoelectric modules 11 inside the boiler 1 : considering that each single thermoelectric module 11 must be interposed between a hot and a cold surface in order to adequately exert its Seebeck effect, said plurality of thermoelectric modules 1 1 is placed with the hot face in close proximity to the combustion chamber 2 and with the cold face in contact with special cooling plates 10.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the solution adopted:
  • reference 9 indicates a finned jacket, placed externally to the combustion chamber 2, so as to surround it in its entirety (except for the portion at the inspection door 1.2) and, preferably, for the entire height development.
  • said finned jacket 9 has a substantially annular section, surrounding a combustion chamber 2 with circular plan: obviously, in case of variants with the combustion chamber of a different shape, such external finned jacket 9 will be of corresponding shape, the close contact with the wall of such combustion chamber 2 having to be always ensured for an effective heat exchange to take place.
  • the said external finned jacket 9, as better visible in Fig. 3, includes a range of fins 9.1 projecting from the outer surface of the combustion chamber 2, preferably equidistant from one another.
  • the succession of a series of fins 9.1 with the following one defines grooves 9.0 with a bottom wall 9.2 linking the two opposite radial walls 9.3 of the two contiguous fins 9.1.
  • thermoelectric modules 11 Inside such grooves 9.0 there is located the plurality of thermoelectric modules 11, arranged in vertical stacks, preferably to cover the entire vertical development of said grooves 9.0 of the finned jacket 9.
  • Each groove 9.0 can seat two of said stacks of thermoelectric modules 11 , with their hot face placed adjacent to said radial walls 9.3 (so as to be in thermal communication with the combustion chamber 2) and with the cold face in contact with special cooling plates 10, also arranged in vertical stacks inside said groove 9.0.
  • thermoelectric modules 11 inside such groove 9.0 there may be arranged two stacks of thermoelectric modules 11, each of them interposed between a radial wall 9.3 of the fin 9.1 and a cooling plate 10.
  • thermoelectric modules 1 1 there are two stacks of said cooling plates 10, each of which is in contact with the cold face of said thermoelectric modules 1 1 : however, a variant may also be provided in which a single stack of cooling plates 10, of increased size, is present, so as to come into contact with both cold faces of the two stacks of thermoelectric modules 1 1.
  • the one or more springs 12 allow to compensate for the heat expansions of the finned jacket 9 caused by the high temperatures of the combustion chamber 2 (wherein temperatures in the order of 400 - 500 °C are reached), ensuring the close contact of the hot faces of the thermoelectric modules 11 with the radial walls 9.3 of the fins 9.1.
  • such compression springs 12 prevent such heat expansions from impairing the proper operation of the thermoelectric modules 11 due to the detachment of their hot and cold faces (respectively from the wall 9.3 of the fin 9.1 and from the cooling plate 10), with consequent decrease of the thermal exchanges.
  • the fins 9.1 of the finned jacket 9 may comprise a conduit 9.4 defining a closed circuit, within which a diathermic oil flows, adapted to maintain the temperature of such fins 9.1 around 200 °C.
  • thermoelectric modules 11 face operating problems: for example, it is known that the most widespread types of Peltier cells have a maximum operating temperature of about 200 °C.
  • the cooling plates 10 comprise a circuit 10.1 within which the water coming from the tank 7, having the said ts temperature which is typically about 60 °C is circulated, through a pump: according to the present invention, therefore, beside flowing into the building heating system, such water is introduced, through a circuit 7.2 (see Fig. 1), in the circuit 10.1 of said plates 10, which can thus carry out the function of cold surface for the cold face of the thermoelectric modules 11.
  • Fig. 2 shows a combustion chamber 2 with a circular plan, externally surrounded by the finned jacket 9 (except in the front zone corresponding to the inspection door 1.2 of the boiler 1), which, as visible in Fig. 1, has a height development substantially equal to that of the same combustion chamber 2.
  • Said finned jacket 9 comprises fins 9.1 that define eight grooves 9.0, within which sixteen stacks of thermoelectric modules 11, mounted with the their hot face adjacent to the walls 9.3 of said fins 9.1 and with their cold face in contact with the cooling plates 10 are therefore arranged.
  • thermoelectric modules 11 comprised between one hundred and two hundred, depending on the type of thermoelectric module used and the desired electrical energy efficiency to be obtained.
  • thermoelectric module 11 having size of 40 mm x 40 mm and thickness of 5 mm (i.e. the size of a widespread type of Peltier cell)
  • thermoelectric module 11 having size of 40 mm x 40 mm and thickness of 5 mm (i.e. the size of a widespread type of Peltier cell)
  • thermoelectric modules 11 is capable of generating an electric power to about 10-15 W of continuous current at the aforesaid temperature values, it is possible to achieve an overall electrical power comprised between about 1.6 kW and 2.4 kW: laboratory tests have verified an average electric power of about 2 kW equal to about 10% of the thermal power generated by the boiler 1, having an average size for the heating of a residential home of about 100 sqm.
  • the significant amount of electrical energy consequently producible may then be used for the most varied purposes: for example, part of it may be used for supplying electrical apparatuses inside the same boiler 1 (such as the control unit 7 or the various circulation pumps), or be fed into the mains power network of the building, after the transformation from continuous current to alternate current (by means of a known inverter).
  • part of it may be used for supplying electrical apparatuses inside the same boiler 1 (such as the control unit 7 or the various circulation pumps), or be fed into the mains power network of the building, after the transformation from continuous current to alternate current (by means of a known inverter).
  • thermoelectric modules 11 may be configured differently, according to the particular structural features of the boiler 1 or the desired energy efficiency to be obtained.
  • a finned jacket 9 may be provided that surrounds only in part, both in width and in height, the combustion chamber 2, when it is desired to install a smaller amount of thermoelectric modules 11 or generate less electric power. Or it can be provided that only a stack of thermoelectric modules 11 is arranged in the groove 9.0 of the finned jacket 9.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une chaudière de cogénération (1), comprenant une pluralité de modules thermoélectriques (11) pour la transformation d'une partie de l'énergie thermique en énergie électrique. Ladite pluralité de modules thermoélectriques (11) est de préférence constituée de cellules Peltier, disposées de manière que la face chaude soit en contact avec les ailettes (9.1) d'une enveloppe à ailettes (9) entourant la chambre de combustion (2) de ladite chaudière (1), et la face froide soit en contact avec des plaques de refroidissement spéciales (10) dans lesquelles l'eau contenue dans le réservoir (7) de ladite chaudière (1) s'écoule.
PCT/IB2016/000680 2015-05-26 2016-05-13 Chaudière de cogénération de chaleur de d'électricité pourvue de modules thermoélectriques WO2016189375A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16729975.9A EP3303938B1 (fr) 2015-05-26 2016-05-13 Chaudière de cogénération de chaleur de d'électricité pourvue de modules thermoélectriques

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102015000018013 2015-05-26
ITUB2015A001243A ITUB20151243A1 (it) 2015-05-26 2015-05-26 Caldaia a cogenerazione con moduli termoelettrici

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016189375A1 true WO2016189375A1 (fr) 2016-12-01

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PCT/IB2016/000680 WO2016189375A1 (fr) 2015-05-26 2016-05-13 Chaudière de cogénération de chaleur de d'électricité pourvue de modules thermoélectriques

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3303938B1 (fr)
IT (1) ITUB20151243A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016189375A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3525250A3 (fr) * 2018-01-18 2019-10-30 Exergit Ltd Système de micro-cogénération
IT201900014988A1 (it) * 2019-08-23 2021-02-23 Gb Plast Srl Generatore termoelettrico ad effetto seebeck

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2482000A1 (fr) * 2011-01-27 2012-08-01 Poliedra s.r.l. Échauffeur de fluid
EP2784409A1 (fr) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-01 MCS Italy S.p.A. Appareil de chauffage à combustible portable pour chauffer l'air et procédé permettant de chauffer l'air à travers ledit dispositif de chauffage

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2482000A1 (fr) * 2011-01-27 2012-08-01 Poliedra s.r.l. Échauffeur de fluid
EP2784409A1 (fr) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-01 MCS Italy S.p.A. Appareil de chauffage à combustible portable pour chauffer l'air et procédé permettant de chauffer l'air à travers ledit dispositif de chauffage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3525250A3 (fr) * 2018-01-18 2019-10-30 Exergit Ltd Système de micro-cogénération
IT201900014988A1 (it) * 2019-08-23 2021-02-23 Gb Plast Srl Generatore termoelettrico ad effetto seebeck

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3303938A1 (fr) 2018-04-11
EP3303938B1 (fr) 2018-11-07
ITUB20151243A1 (it) 2016-11-26

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