WO2016183797A1 - 一种相控阵芯片、相控阵波束扫描方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种相控阵芯片、相控阵波束扫描方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016183797A1
WO2016183797A1 PCT/CN2015/079268 CN2015079268W WO2016183797A1 WO 2016183797 A1 WO2016183797 A1 WO 2016183797A1 CN 2015079268 W CN2015079268 W CN 2015079268W WO 2016183797 A1 WO2016183797 A1 WO 2016183797A1
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Prior art keywords
switch
phase shifting
phased array
array chip
signal
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PCT/CN2015/079268
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曹杰
黄煌
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2015/079268 priority Critical patent/WO2016183797A1/zh
Priority to CN201580080390.0A priority patent/CN107615585A/zh
Publication of WO2016183797A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016183797A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array

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  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a phased array chip, a phased array beam scanning method and apparatus.
  • wireless point-to-point communication has moved to microwave and millimeter-wave bands with rich spectrum resources, such as V-band, E-band, etc. These bands can provide service capacity greater than 10 Gbps.
  • microwave and millimeter wave point-to-point communication systems in addition to being a backhaul communication solution, will have great potential in high-speed transmission of wireless enterprises and wireless transmission of private networks.
  • Millimeter wave path loss is very large, requiring more power and higher gain antennas to meet data backhaul applications.
  • microwave and millimeter wave frequency band it is difficult to achieve high power output due to process and cost constraints, but its wavelength is short, so it is easier to achieve high gain narrow beam under the antenna aperture.
  • Due to the large space loss and the narrow beam constraint the millimeter wave usually works in point-to-point wireless communication under the direct view path scene, and the antenna is strictly aligned, which is difficult to install. In practical applications, even when the communication system is installed, there are many unpredictable factors such as strong winds, earthquakes, changing the state of initial assembly alignment, and if the manual alignment correction is required again, it is greatly improved. System deployment and operation and maintenance costs.
  • the millimeter-wave phased array technology has automatic beam scanning alignment capability for automatic beam alignment.
  • the main principle is that multiple antennas simultaneously transmit signals of the same wavelength, perform coherent superposition to form a narrow beam with higher gain, and adjust the phase of the signal transmitted by the antenna through a phase shifter in the corresponding channel of the antenna to implement beam scanning.
  • the phase of the signal transmitted by the antenna is adjusted by the phase shifter in the channel corresponding to the antenna, thereby changing the final combined direction of the beam to find the optimal communication path.
  • phase switching time of the phase shifter is usually in the order of several tens of nanoseconds, which results in a longer beam scanning alignment.
  • phase shifters in the phased array are many, and the phase shifting of the phase shifters usually takes several tens of nanoseconds, the beam scanning is aligned. The time is long.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a phased array chip, a phased array beam scanning method and apparatus for shortening the time required for beam scanning alignment.
  • a phased array chip comprising a plurality of phase shifting channels, a plurality of switches, and a control unit;
  • Each phase shifting channel is respectively connected with an antenna, and each switch is connected to at least one phase shifting channel;
  • a switch connected to each phase shifting channel for enabling the phase shifting channel to transmit a signal when turned on, and preventing the phase shifting channel from transmitting a signal when turned off;
  • the control unit is configured to change a switch state of each switch such that a spatial beamforming direction of a signal on the antenna connected to the phased array chip is changed.
  • the phased array chip is a transmitting chip, and the transmitting chip further includes a first frequency conversion module and a power dividing network, where the first frequency conversion module is used
  • the received analog baseband signal and the local oscillator signal are mixed and amplified and output to the power dividing network, and the power dividing network is configured to divide the signal output by the first frequency conversion module into multiple signals;
  • a switch connected to each phase shifting channel, configured to enable a signal after the splitting of the power split network to be sent to the antenna connected to the phase shifting channel through the phase shifting channel when turned on, and to cause the shifting when the power is turned off The signal after the split of the power split network that the phase channel connected antenna cannot receive;
  • the control unit is configured to change a switch state of each switch to change a spatial beamforming direction of a signal transmitted by the antenna.
  • the phased array chip is a receiving chip, and the receiving chip further includes a second frequency conversion module and a combined network, where the combining network is used for The signals received by the phase shifting channel are combined and output to the second frequency conversion module, and the second frequency conversion module is configured to mix the signal output by the combined network and mix with the local oscillator signal to generate a simulation.
  • Baseband signal
  • a switch connected to each phase shifting channel, configured to enable a signal received by the antenna connected to the phase shifting channel to be sent to the combined network through the phase shifting channel when turned on, and to make the phase shifting channel when turned off The signal received by the connected antenna cannot be sent to the combined network;
  • the control unit is configured to change a switch state of each switch to change a spatial beamforming direction of a signal received by the combined network.
  • the number of phase shifting channels is equal to the number of switches, and each switch is connected to a different phase shifting channel.
  • each switch when the number of phase shifting channels is greater than the number of switches, each switch is connected to a shift in the phase shifting channel of the switch. Between the phaser and the power distribution network.
  • each switch when the number of phase shifting channels is greater than the number of switches, each switch is connected to a shift in the phase shifting channel of the switch connection. Between the phaser and the combined network.
  • a switch in the array chip when the number of phase shifting channels is equal to the number of switches, and each switch is connected to a different phase shifting channel, a switch in the array chip, the switch being connected between the phase shifter in the phase shifting channel connected to the switch and the power dividing network, or a phase shifter connected in the phase shifting channel connected to the switch and the switch Between the power amplifiers in the phase shifting channel, or between the power amplifier connected to the phase shifting channel to which the switch is connected, and the antenna to which the phase shifting channel to which the switch is connected is connected.
  • a switch in the array chip when the number of phase shifting channels is equal to the number of switches, and each switch is connected to a different phase shifting channel, a switch in the array chip, the switch being connected to the shift in the phase shifting channel of the switch connection Between the phaser and the combining network, or between the phase shifter connected to the phase shifting channel connected to the switch and the power amplifier in the phase shifting channel connected to the switch, or connected to the phase shifting channel connected to the switch The power amplifier is connected between the antenna to which the phase shifting channel to which the switch is connected.
  • phased array beam scanning method including:
  • Each phase shifting channel of the phased array chip is respectively connected to an antenna, and each switch of the phased array chip is connected to at least one phase shifting channel of the phased array chip.
  • the method further includes:
  • a phased array beam scanning apparatus including:
  • a first determining module configured to determine that a channel quality parameter is less than a preset value
  • a first switch control module configured to adjust a strength of a signal received by the receiving end by changing a switch state of each switch in the phased array chip
  • a second determining module configured to determine a top N of the signals with the highest intensity among the signals received by the receiving end
  • a third determining module configured to determine, according to one of the determined N signals, a spatial beamforming direction of the signal on the antenna when the receiving end receives the signal;
  • each phase shifting channel in the phased array chip is respectively connected to an antenna, and the phased array is
  • Each switch in the chip is coupled to at least one phase shifting channel of the phased array chip.
  • the apparatus further includes:
  • a selecting module configured to select one beam combining direction from the determined N spatial beam combining directions
  • a second switch control module configured to turn on each switch in the phased array chip
  • an adjustment module configured to adjust a phase shifter in the phased array chip, such that a spatial beamforming direction of a signal on the antenna connected to the phased array chip is along the selected beam combining direction.
  • the phased array chip and the phased array beam scanning method and device provided by the embodiments of the present invention change the spatial beamforming direction of the signal on the antenna connected to the phased array chip by changing the switching state of each switch.
  • the switching time of the switch is smaller than the phase shifter switching time, this reduces the need for beam scanning alignment compared to the existing phased array technology for beam scanning alignment. time.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a transmitting chip in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving chip in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmitting chip according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving chip according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a second schematic structural diagram of a transmitting chip according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a second schematic structural diagram of a receiving chip according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a third schematic structural diagram of a transmitting chip according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a third schematic structural diagram of a receiving chip according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a phased array beam scanning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a second flowchart of a phased array beam scanning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a structural diagram of a phased array beam scanning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a second structural diagram of a phased array beam scanning device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the phased array chip and the phased array beam scanning method and device provided by the embodiments of the present invention use the switching time of the switch to be smaller than the switching time of the phase shifter, and the phased array chip is changed by changing the switching state of each switch.
  • the spatial beamforming direction of the signals on the connected antennas changes, thereby enabling beam scanning alignment and reducing the time required for beam scanning alignment.
  • the existing phased array chip has various structures, wherein the phased array chip of the superheterodyne structure is as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, FIG. 1 is the transmitting chip 1, and FIG. 2 is the receiving chip 2.
  • the transmitting chip 1 includes a first frequency conversion module 10, a power distribution network 15 and n phase shifting channels, wherein the first frequency conversion module 10 includes a local oscillator signal (LO, Local Oscillator) 1 and a mixer 11 for mixing the analog baseband signals, a gain amplifying module 12, a mixer 13 for mixing the signals output by the LO2 and the gain amplifying module 12, and a power amplifier 14; each of the phase shifting channels includes a phase shifter (PS, Phase Shifter) 16 and a power amplifier 17, each of which is connected to an antenna 18.
  • LO Local Oscillator
  • each of the phase shifting channels includes a phase shifter (PS, Phase Shifter) 16 and a power amplifier 17, each of which is connected to an antenna 18.
  • PS Phase Shifter
  • the first frequency conversion module 10 processes the analog baseband signal, and the power distribution network 15 splits the signal processed by the first frequency conversion module 10, and outputs the separated signals to different phase shift channels, each The phase shifting channel adjusts the phase of the received signal, and the adjusted signal is transmitted by the antenna.
  • the receiving chip 2 includes a second frequency conversion module 20, a combining network 25, and n phase shifting channels.
  • the second frequency converting module 20 includes a power amplifier 24, and outputs LO2 and power amplifier 24.
  • An antenna 28 is connected to each of the phase shifting channels.
  • Each phase shifting channel adjusts the phase of the signal received on the antenna connected to itself, and transmits the phase adjusted signal to the combining network 25, and the combined network 25 combines the received signals.
  • the two inverter modules 20 process the combined signals to generate an analog baseband signal.
  • the main working principle of the phased array chip shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 is to control the phase of the PS1, PS2, ... PSn by the control logic to change the beam spatial beamforming direction of the antenna, and realize beam scanning to find Establish communication to the best communication path.
  • the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the invention includes a plurality of phase shifting channels, a plurality of switches and a control unit;
  • Each phase shifting channel is respectively connected with an antenna, and each switch is connected to at least one phase shifting channel;
  • a switch connected to each phase shifting channel for enabling the phase shifting channel to transmit a signal when turned on, and preventing the phase shifting channel from transmitting a signal when turned off;
  • the control unit is configured to change a switching state of each switch, so that a spatial beamforming direction of a signal on the antenna connected to the phased array chip is changed, thereby performing beam scanning.
  • the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be a transmitting chip or a receiving chip.
  • the control unit changes the switching state of each switch to enable different antennas to transmit signals, thereby changing the spatial beamforming direction of the signals transmitted on the antenna, and performing beam scanning alignment.
  • the control unit changes the switching state of each switch to synthesize signals received by different antennas, so that signals of different directions of the incoming wave can be received and beam scanning alignment can be performed.
  • the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a transmitting chip
  • the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 3, and the transmitting chip further includes a first frequency conversion module 31 and a power dividing network 32.
  • the first frequency conversion module 31 is configured to mix and amplify the received analog baseband signal and the local oscillator signal, and then output the signal to the power distribution network 32.
  • the power distribution network 32 is configured to divide the signal output by the first frequency conversion module 31 into multiple Road signal
  • a switch connected to each phase shifting channel, configured to enable a signal after the splitting of the power dividing network 32 to be transmitted to the antenna 35 connected to the phase shifting channel through the phase shifting channel when turned on, and to cause the shifting when the power is turned off.
  • the phase-connected antenna 35 cannot receive the signal after the split of the power division network 32;
  • the control unit 36 is configured to change the switching state of each switch to change the spatial beamforming direction of the signal transmitted by the antenna 35.
  • the switch network 33 in Fig. 3 is composed of a plurality of switches.
  • the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a receiving chip
  • the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 4, and the receiving chip further includes a second frequency conversion module 41 and a combined network 42.
  • the road network 42 is configured to combine the signals received from the phase shifting channel 44 and output the signals to the second frequency conversion module 41.
  • the second frequency conversion module 41 is configured to amplify the signals output by the combining network 42 and the local oscillator. Signal mixing generates an analog baseband signal;
  • a switch connected to each phase shifting channel for transmitting a signal received by the antenna 45 connected to the phase shifting channel to the combining network 42 through the phase shifting channel 44 when turned on, and causing the signal to be turned off when the phase is turned off
  • the signal received by the antenna 45 connected to the phase shifting channel cannot be sent to the combining network 42;
  • the control unit 46 is configured to change the switching state of each switch to change the spatial beamforming direction of the signal received by the combining network 42.
  • the switch network 43 in Fig. 4 is composed of a plurality of switches.
  • the number of switches in the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be smaller than the number of phase shifting channels, or may be equal to the number of phase shifting channels.
  • each switch is connected to a different phase shifting channel.
  • phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a transmitting chip
  • the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • Each switch is connected between a phase shifter 341 and a power division network 32 in a phase shifting channel to which the switch is connected.
  • a phase shifter 341 and a power amplifier 342 are included in each phase shifting channel in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 an example is described in which two phase shifting channels are connected by each switch. Of course, the number of phase shifting channels connected by different switches may be different.
  • phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a receiving chip
  • the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in FIG.
  • Each of the switches is connected between the phase shifter 441 and the combining network 42 in the phase shifting channel to which the switch is connected.
  • a phase shifter 441 and a low noise power amplifier 442 are included in each phase shifting channel in FIG.
  • phased array chip When the number of the switches in the phased array chip is equal to the number of phase shifting channels, and each switch is connected to a different phase shifting channel, if the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a transmitting chip, the embodiment of the present invention
  • the phased array chip provided is shown in Figure 7, for a switch in the phased array chip,
  • the switch can be connected between the phase shifter 341 and the power split network 32 in the phase shifting channel to which the switch is connected (the first access position), or can be connected to the phase shifter in the phase shifting channel to which the switch is connected.
  • Each switch can select any one of the first access location, the second access location, and the third access location, and different switches can select different access locations to access. In FIG. 7, only the access of each switch in the first access location is taken as an example for description.
  • phased array chip When the number of the switches in the phased array chip is equal to the number of phase shifting channels, and each switch is connected to a different phase shifting channel, if the phased array chip provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a receiving chip, the embodiment of the present invention The phased array chip is provided as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the switch is connected between the phase shifter 441 and the combining network 42 in the phase shifting channel of the switch connection (fourth) An access location), or connected between the phase shifter 441 in the phase shifting channel to which the switch is connected, and the power amplifier 442 in the phase shifting channel connected to the switch (fifth access position), or connected to the switch
  • the power amplifier 442 in the connected phase shifting channel is connected to the antenna 45 to which the phase shifting channel to which the switch is connected (sixth access position).
  • Each switch can select any one of the fourth access location, the fifth access location, and the sixth access location described above, and different switches can select different access locations to access. In FIG. 8, only the respective switches are connected at the fourth access location as an example for description.
  • Each of the switches in the transmitting chip shown in FIG. 5 controls two phase shifting channels, and each of the transmitting chips shown in FIG. 7 controls one phase shifting channel. Therefore, in the case where the number of phase shifting channels is the same, FIG. 5
  • the number of switches in the illustrated transmitting chip is half the number of switches in the transmitting chip shown in FIG. 7.
  • the flexibility of the transmitting chip shown in FIG. 5 is better than that of FIG. 7 when performing beam scanning alignment.
  • the illustrated transmitting chip has poor flexibility.
  • each switch in the receiving chip shown in FIG. 6 controls two phase shifting channels
  • each of the receiving chips shown in FIG. 8 controls one phase shifting channel, and therefore, in the case where the number of phase shifting channels is the same
  • the number of switches in the receiving chip shown in FIG. 6 is the opening in the receiving chip shown in FIG. Half of the number of off, of course, the flexibility of the receiving chip shown in Fig. 6 is inferior to that of the receiving chip shown in Fig. 8 when beam scanning alignment is performed.
  • the phased array beam scanning method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 9, includes:
  • S902 Adjusting a strength of a signal received by the receiving end by changing a switching state of each switch in the phased array chip;
  • N is a positive integer
  • Each phase shifting channel of the phased array chip is respectively connected to an antenna, and each switch of the phased array chip is connected to at least one phase shifting channel of the phased array chip.
  • S902 is to change the spatial beamforming direction of the signal on the antenna connected to the phased array chip by changing the switching state of each switch in the phased array chip. When the beam is in different directions, the strength of the signal received by the receiving end is different.
  • the phased array beam scanning method shown in FIG. 9 may be performed by a transmitting chip or by a receiving chip, wherein the receiving end refers to a side that generates an analog baseband signal, that is, a side that includes the receiving chip.
  • the phased array chip in the method shown in FIG. 9 is a transmitting chip.
  • the phased array chip in the method shown in FIG. 9 is a receiving chip.
  • the transmitting chip When the phased array beam scanning method shown in FIG. 9 is performed by the transmitting chip, when the channel quality is deteriorated, different switch combinations in the transmitting chip are selected, and different switch combinations can obtain different antenna arrays, and different The array obtains different transmission angle information, and the receiving end can select some transmission angle directions to feed back to the transmitting chip according to the received signal size.
  • the spatial beam combining direction is along the selected transmission angle direction, the transmitting end including the transmitting chip can be combined with The receiving end communicates.
  • the receiving chip When the phased array beam scanning method shown in FIG. 9 is performed by the receiving chip, when the received signal quality is deteriorated, different switch combinations in the receiving chip are selected to obtain different antenna arrays. The size of the received signal is determined by different antenna arrays. When the spatial beamforming direction is along the selected receiving angle direction, the receiving end including the receiving chip can communicate with the signal transmitting end.
  • the phased array beam scanning method shown in FIG. 9 can be used to determine the N beam directions that can be communicated. Further, according to actual requirements, such as requiring minimum system power consumption or minimal interference to other systems, etc. choose a beam direction that meets your needs.
  • the phased array beam scanning method provided by the embodiment of the present invention after determining the N spatial beam combining directions in S904, as shown in FIG. 10, further includes:
  • S1003 Adjust a phase shifter in the phased array chip such that a spatial beamforming direction of a signal on the antenna connected to the phased array chip is along the selected beam combining direction.
  • each switch in the transmitting chip is turned on and adjusted.
  • Each phase shifter in the transmitting chip is such that the spatial beamforming direction of the signal transmitted on the antenna connected to the transmitting chip is along the direction of the selected transmission angle as desired.
  • phased array beam scanning method shown in FIG. 10 When the phased array beam scanning method shown in FIG. 10 is performed by the receiving chip, after determining the N receiving angle directions, an incident angle direction can be selected according to requirements, and then each switch in the receiving chip is turned on, and Each phase shifter in the receiving chip is adjusted such that the spatial beamforming direction of the signal received on the antenna connected to the chip is along the direction of the receiving angle selected according to requirements.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a phased array beam scanning device. Since the principle of the device is similar to the phased array beam scanning method, the implementation of the device can be implemented by referring to the foregoing method. , the repetition will not be repeated.
  • a phased array beam scanning device includes:
  • the first determining module 111 is configured to determine that the channel quality parameter is less than a preset value
  • the first switch control module 112 is configured to adjust the strength of the signal received by the receiving end by changing the switching states of the switches in the phased array chip;
  • a second determining module 113 configured to determine a signal of the top N strengths of the signals received by the receiving end
  • the third determining module 114 is configured to determine, according to one of the determined N signals, a spatial beamforming direction of the signal on the antenna when the receiving end receives the signal;
  • Each phase shifting channel of the phased array chip is respectively connected to an antenna, and each switch of the phased array chip is connected to at least one phase shifting channel of the phased array chip.
  • the phased array beam scanning device provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 12, further includes:
  • the selecting module 121 is configured to select one beam combining direction from the determined N spatial beam combining directions;
  • a second switch control module 122 configured to turn on each switch in the phased array chip
  • the adjusting module 123 is configured to adjust a phase shifter in the phased array chip such that a spatial beamforming direction of a signal on the antenna connected to the phased array chip is along the selected beam combining direction.
  • phased array chip, the phased array beam scanning method and the device provided by the embodiments of the present invention can be used in a terminal communication system.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.
  • computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种相控阵芯片、相控阵波束扫描方法和装置，用以缩短波束扫描对准所需的时间。该相控阵芯片包括多个移相通道、多个开关和控制单元；每个移相通道分别连接一天线，每个开关连接至少一个移相通道；各个移相通道连接的开关，用于在导通时使该移相通道能够传输信号，并在关断时使该移相通道不能传输信号；所述控制单元，用于改变各个开关的开关状态，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向发生改变。

Description

一种相控阵芯片、相控阵波束扫描方法和装置 技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域，特别涉及一种相控阵芯片、相控阵波束扫描的方法和装置。
背景技术
伴随无线业务从语音到多媒体的多种综合业务需求，对无线网络容量的需求成指数增长。对回传网络的数据速率也提出了更高的要求。无线点对点通信作为蜂窝通信***的回传解决方案之一，已经走向频谱资源更为丰富的微波和毫米波频段，如V-band，E-band等.这些频段可以提供大于10Gbps的业务容量。另外，微波和毫米波点对点通信***除了作为回传通信解决方案之外，在无线企业的高速传输、专用网无线传输等场景中将会有极大的潜力。
毫米波路径损耗非常大，需要更大的功率以及更高增益的天线来满足数据回传的应用。微波毫米波频段，由于工艺和成本的限制，要想实现大功率输出较为困难，但是其波长较短，因此在天线口径下实现高增益窄波束更为容易。由于空间损耗大和窄波束的约束，毫米波通常工作在直视路径场景下的点对点无线通信，且天线要严格对准，安装难度大。在实际应用中即使在通信***安装时已经对准，但是还会存在很多不可预知的因素比如大风，地震，改变其初装对准的状态，如果需要再次人工校正对准的话，就大大提高了***的部署和运维成本。
毫米波相控阵技术具备自动波束扫描对准能力，可实现波束自动对准。其主要原理是多个天线同时发射波长相同的信号，进行相干叠加形成更高增益的窄波束，通过天线对应的通道中的移相器来调整该天线发射的信号的相位，来实现波束扫描对准，即通过天线对应的通道中的移相器来调整该天线发射的信号的相位，从而改变波束最终的合成方向，以寻找最佳的通信路径。
但是，对于大规模相控阵列来说，天线的数目很多，相应地，天线对应的通道的数量也很多，这样，相控阵列中的移相器的数量就很大，在通过改变不同通道移相器的相位值来实现波束扫描对准时，移相器的相位切换时间通常都在几十纳秒，这样，就会导致波束扫描对准的时间较长。
综上所述，采用目前的相控阵技术来进行波束扫描对准时，由于相控阵列中移相器很多，并且移相器相位切换通常都需要几十纳秒，因此，波束扫描对准的时间比较长。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供了一种相控阵芯片、相控阵波束扫描方法和装置，用以缩短波束扫描对准所需的时间。
第一方面，提供一种相控阵芯片，包括多个移相通道、多个开关和控制单元；
每个移相通道分别连接一天线，每个开关连接至少一个移相通道；
各个移相通道连接的开关，用于在导通时使该移相通道能够传输信号，并在关断时使该移相通道不能传输信号；
所述控制单元，用于改变各个开关的开关状态，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向发生改变。
结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述相控阵芯片为发射芯片，所述发射芯片还包括第一变频模组及功分网络，所述第一变频模组用于将接收到的模拟基带信号与本振信号经过混频并放大后输出至所述功分网络，所述功分网络用于将所述第一变频模组输出的信号分成多路信号；
各个移相通道连接的开关，用于在导通时使得所述功分网络分路后的一路信号能够通过该移相通道发送给该移相通道连接的天线，并在关断时使得该移相通道连接的天线不能接收到的所述功分网络分路后的信号；
所述控制单元，用于改变各个开关的开关状态，以改变天线发射的信号的空间波束合成方向。
结合第一方面，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述相控阵芯片为接收芯片，所述接收芯片还包括第二变频模组及合路网络，所述合路网络用于将从移相通道接收到的信号进行合路后输出至所述第二变频模组，所述第二变频模组用于将所述合路网络输出的信号经过放大后与本振信号混频生成模拟基带信号；
各个移相通道连接的开关，用于在导通时使得该移相通道连接的天线接收到的信号能够通过该移相通道发送给所述合路网络，并在关断时使得该移相通道连接的天线接收到的信号不能发送给所述合路网络；
所述控制单元，用于改变各个开关的开关状态，以改变所述合路网络接收的信号的空间波束合成方向。
结合第一方面，在第三种可能的实现方式中，移相通道的数量与开关的数量相等，每个开关连接一个不同的移相通道。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，当移相通道的数量大于开关的数量时，各个开关均连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与功分网络之间。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，当移相通道的数量大于开关的数量时，各个开关均连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与合路网络之间。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，当移相通道的数量等于开关的数量、且每个开关连接一个不同的移相通道时，针对相控阵芯片中的一个开关，该开关连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与功分网络之间，或者连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器之间，或者连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器与该开关连接的移相通道所连接的天线之间。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，当移相通道的数量等于开关的数量、且每个开关连接一个不同的移相通道时，针对相控阵芯片中的一个开关，该开关连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移 相器与合路网络之间，或者连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器之间，或者连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器与该开关连接的移相通道所连接的天线之间。
第二方面，提供一种相控阵波束扫描方法，包括：
确定信道质量参数小于预设值；
通过改变相控阵芯片中的各个开关的开关状态来调整接收端接收到的信号的强度；
确定接收端接收到的信号中的前N个强度最大的信号；
针对确定的N个信号中的一个信号，确定所述接收端接收到该信号时天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向；
其中，所述相控阵芯片中的每个移相通道分别连接一天线，所述相控阵芯片中的每个开关连接所述相控阵芯片中的至少一个移相通道。
结合第二方面。在第一种可能的实现方式中，在确定N个空间波束合成方向后，所述方法还包括：
从确定的N个空间波束合成方向中选择一个波束合成方向；
导通所述相控阵芯片中的各个开关；
调整所述相控阵芯片中的移相器，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向沿着所述选择的波束合成方向。
第三方面，提供一种相控阵波束扫描装置，包括：
第一确定模块，用于确定信道质量参数小于预设值；
第一开关控制模块，用于通过改变相控阵芯片中的各个开关的开关状态来调整接收端接收到的信号的强度；
第二确定模块，用于确定接收端接收到的信号中的前N个强度最大的信号；
第三确定模块，用于针对确定的N个信号中的一个信号，确定所述接收端接收到该信号时天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向；
其中，所述相控阵芯片中的每个移相通道分别连接一天线，所述相控阵 芯片中的每个开关连接所述相控阵芯片中的至少一个移相通道。
结合第三方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还包括：
选择模块，用于从确定的N个空间波束合成方向中选择一个波束合成方向；
第二开关控制模块，用于导通所述相控阵芯片中的各个开关；
调整模块，用于调整所述相控阵芯片中的移相器，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向沿着所述选择的波束合成方向。
本发明实施例的有益效果包括：
本发明实施例提供的一种相控阵芯片、相控阵波束扫描方法和装置，通过改变各个开关的开关状态，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向发生改变，从而实现波束扫描对准，由于开关切换时间小于移相器切换时间，因此，相比于现有的相控阵技术来进行波束扫描对准来说，这减少了波束扫描对准所需的时间。
附图说明
图1为现有技术中的发射芯片的结构示意图；
图2为现有技术中的接收芯片的结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的发射芯片的结构示意图之一；
图4为本发明实施例提供的接收芯片的结构示意图之一；
图5为本发明实施例提供的发射芯片的结构示意图之二；
图6为本发明实施例提供的接收芯片的结构示意图之二；
图7为本发明实施例提供的发射芯片的结构示意图之三；
图8为本发明实施例提供的接收芯片的结构示意图之三；
图9为本发明实施例提供的相控阵波束扫描方法的流程图之一；
图10为本发明实施例提供的相控阵波束扫描方法的流程图之二；
图11为本发明实施例提供的相控阵波束扫描装置的结构图之一；
图12为本发明实施例提供的相控阵波束扫描装置的结构图之二。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例提供的一种相控阵芯片、相控阵波束扫描方法和装置，利用开关的切换时间小于移相器的切换时间，通过改变各个开关的开关状态，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向发生改变，从而实现波束扫描对准，减少波束扫描对准所需的时间。
现有的相控阵芯片有多种结构，其中，超外差结构的相控阵芯片如图1和图2所示，图1为发射芯片1，图2为接收芯片2。
如图1所示，发射芯片1中包括第一变频模组10、功分网络15和n个移相通道，其中，第一变频模组10包括将本振信号(LO，Local Oscillator)1与模拟基带信号进行混频的混频器11、增益放大模块12，将LO2与增益放大模块12输出的信号混频的混频器13、功率放大器14；每个移相通道中包括一个移相器(PS，Phase Shifter)16和一个功率放大器17，每个移相通道分别连接一个天线18。第一变频模组10将模拟基带信号进行处理，功分网络15将第一变频模组10处理后的信号进行分路，并将分路后的各路信号输出给不同的移相通道，各个移相通道对接收到的信号的相位进行调整，调整后的信号由天线发射。
如图2所示，接收芯片2中包括第二变频模组20、合路网络25和n个移相通道，其中，第二变频模组20中包括功率放大器24、将LO2与功率放大器24输出的信号混频的混频器23、增益放大模块22、将LO1与增益放大模块22传输的信号进行混频的混频器21；每个移相通道中包括一个PS26和一个低噪声的功率放大器27，每个移相通道分别连接一个天线28。每个移相通道将与自身相连的天线上接收到的信号的相位进行调整，并将相位调整后的信号传输给合路网络25，合路网络25将接收到的各个信号进行合路，第二变频模组20将合路后的信号进行处理以生成模拟基带信号。
图1或图2所示的相控阵芯片的主要工作原理就是通过控制逻辑控制PS1,PS2……PSn的相位使天线空间波束合成方向改变，实现波束扫描从而找 到最佳通信路径，建立通信。
下面结合说明书附图，对本发明实施例提供的一种相控阵芯片、相控阵波束扫描方法和装置的具体实施方式进行说明。
本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片，包括多个移相通道、多个开关和控制单元；
每个移相通道分别连接一天线，每个开关连接至少一个移相通道；
各个移相通道连接的开关，用于在导通时使该移相通道能够传输信号，并在关断时使该移相通道不能传输信号；
所述控制单元，用于改变各个开关的开关状态，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向发生改变，从而进行波束扫描。
本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片可以为发射芯片，也可以为接收芯片。当相控阵芯片为发射芯片时，控制单元改变各个开关的开关状态可以使得不同的天线发射信号，从而改变天线上发射的信号的空间波束合成方向，进行波束扫描对准。当相控阵芯片为接收芯片时，控制单元改变各个开关的开关状态可以对不同的天线接收到的信号进行合成，从而可以收到不同来波方向的信号，进行波束扫描对准。
当本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片为发射芯片时，本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片如图3所示，所述发射芯片还包括第一变频模组31及功分网络32，第一变频模组31用于将接收到的模拟基带信号与本振信号经过混频并放大后输出至功分网络32，功分网络32用于将第一变频模组31输出的信号分成多路信号；
各个移相通道连接的开关，用于在导通时使得功分网络32分路后的一路信号能够通过该移相通道发送给该移相通道连接的天线35，并在关断时使得该移相通道连接的天线35不能接收到的功分网络32分路后的信号；
控制单元36，用于改变各个开关的开关状态，以改变天线35发射的信号的空间波束合成方向。
图3中的开关网络33由多个开关构成。
当本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片为接收芯片时，本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片如图4所示，接收芯片中还包括第二变频模组41及合路网络42，合路网络42用于将从移相通道44接收到的信号进行合路后输出至第二变频模组41，第二变频模组41用于将合路网络42输出的信号经过放大后与本振信号混频生成模拟基带信号；
各个移相通道连接的开关，用于在导通时使得该移相通道连接的天线45接收到的信号能够通过该移相通道44发送给所述合路网络42，并在关断时使得该移相通道连接的天线45接收到的信号不能发送给所述合路网络42；
控制单元46，用于改变各个开关的开关状态，以改变合路网络42接收的信号的空间波束合成方向。
图4中的开关网络43由多个开关构成。
本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片中的开关的数量可以小于移相通道的数量，也可以等于移相通道的数量。当相控阵芯片中的开关的数量等于移相通道的数量时，每个开关连接一个不同的移相通道。
当相控阵芯片中的开关的数量小于移相通道的数量时，若本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片为发射芯片，则本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片如图5所示，各个开关均连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器341与功分网络32之间。图5中的每个移相通道中包括移相器341和功率放大器342。图5中以每个开关连接两个移相通道为例进行说明，当然，不同的开关连接的移相通道的数量可以不等。
当相控阵芯片中的开关的数量小于移相通道的数量时，若本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片为接收芯片，则本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片如图6所示，各个开关均连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器441与合路网络42之间。图6中的每个移相通道中包括移相器441和低噪声的功率放大器442。
当相控阵芯片中的开关的数量等于移相通道的数量、且每个开关连接一个不同的移相通道时，若本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片为发射芯片，则本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片如图7所示，针对相控阵芯片中的一个开关， 该开关可以连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器341与功分网络32之间(第一个接入位置)，也可以连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器341与该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器342之间(第二个接入位置)，还可以连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器342与该开关连接的移相通道所连接的天线35之间(第三个接入位置)。每个开关都可以选择上述的第一个接入位置、第二个接入位置和第三个接入位置中的任意一个接入位置，不同的开关可以选择不同的接入位置接入。图7中仅以各个开关均在第一个接入位置接入为例进行说明。
当相控阵芯片中的开关的数量等于移相通道的数量、且每个开关连接一个不同的移相通道时，若本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片为接收芯片，则本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片如图8所示，针对相控阵芯片中的一个开关，该开关连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器441与合路网络42之间(第四个接入位置)，或者连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器441与该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器442之间(第五个接入位置)，或者连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器442与该开关连接的移相通道所连接的天线45之间(第六个接入位置)。每个开关都可以选择上述的第四个接入位置、第五个接入位置和第六个接入位置中的任意一个接入位置，不同的开关可以选择不同的接入位置接入。图8中仅以各个开关均在第四个接入位置接入为例进行说明。
图5所示的发射芯片中每个开关控制两个移相通道，图7所示的发射芯片中每个开关控制一个移相通道，因此，在移相通道的数量相同的情况下，图5所示的发射芯片中的开关的数量为图7所示的发射芯片中的开关的数量的一半，当然，在进行波束扫描对准时，图5所示的发射芯片的灵活性要比图7所示的发射芯片的灵活性差。
同样地，图6所示的接收芯片中每个开关控制两个移相通道，图8所示的接收芯片中每个开关控制一个移相通道，因此，在移相通道的数量相同的情况下，图6所示的接收芯片中的开关的数量为图8所示的接收芯片中的开 关的数量的一半，当然，在进行波束扫描对准时，图6所示的接收芯片的灵活性要比图8所示的接收芯片的灵活性差。
本发明实施例提供的相控阵波束扫描方法，如图9所示，包括：
S901、确定信道质量参数小于预设值；
S902、通过改变相控阵芯片中的各个开关的开关状态来调整接收端接收到的信号的强度；
S903、确定接收端接收到的信号中的前N个强度最大的信号；N为正整数；
S904、针对确定的N个信号中的一个信号，确定所述接收端接收到该信号时天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向；
其中，所述相控阵芯片中的每个移相通道分别连接一天线，所述相控阵芯片中的每个开关连接所述相控阵芯片中的至少一个移相通道。
其中S902是通过改变相控阵芯片中的各个开关的开关状态来改变相控阵芯片上连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向，波束沿不同方向时，接收端接收到的信号的强度是不同的。
图9所示的相控阵波束扫描方法可以由发射芯片来执行，也可以由接收芯片来执行，其中接收端均是指生成模拟基带信号的一侧，也就是包含接收芯片的一侧。当图9所示的相控阵波束扫描方法由发射芯片来执行时，图9所示的方法中的相控阵芯片为发射芯片。当图9所示的相控阵波束扫描方法由接收芯片来执行时，图9所示的方法中的相控阵芯片为接收芯片。
当图9所示的相控阵波束扫描方法由发射芯片来执行时，当信道质量变差的时候，选择发射芯片中的不同的开关组合，不同的开关组合可以得到不同的天线阵列，利用不同的阵列获得不同发射角信息，接收端可根据收到的信号大小，选择一些发射角方向反馈给发射芯片，当空间波束合成方向沿着选择的发射角方向时，包含发射芯片的发射端可以与接收端进行通信。
当图9所示的相控阵波束扫描方法由接收芯片来执行时，当接收到的信号质量变差时，选择接收芯片中的不同的开关组合得到不同的天线阵列，利 用不同的天线阵列接收到的信号的大小来确定一些接收角方向，当空间波束合成方向沿着选择的接收角方向时，包含接收芯片的接收端可以与信号发射端进行通信。
采用图9所示的相控阵波束扫描方法可以确定出可以通信的N个波束方向，进一步地，可以根据实际的需求，如要求***功耗最小、或者对其他***的干扰最小等等，来选择一个满足需求的波束方向。
因此，可选地，本发明实施例提供的相控阵波束扫描方法，在S904确定出N个空间波束合成方向后，如图10所示，还包括：
S1001、从确定的N个空间波束合成方向中选择一个波束合成方向；
S1002、导通所述相控阵芯片中的各个开关；
S1003、调整所述相控阵芯片中的移相器，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向沿着所述选择的波束合成方向。
当图10所示的相控阵波束扫描方法由发射芯片来执行时，在确定了N发射角方向后，可以根据需求选择一个发射角方向，然后将发射芯片中的各个开关导通，并调整发射芯片中的各个移相器，使得发射芯片连接的天线上发射的信号的空间波束合成方向沿着根据需求所选择的发射角方向。
当图10所示的相控阵波束扫描方法由接收芯片执行时，在确定了N个接收角方向后，可以根据需求选择一个接射角方向，然后将接收芯片中的各个开关导通，并调整接收芯片中的各个移相器，使得接收芯片连接的天线上接收的信号的空间波束合成方向沿着根据需求所选择的接收角方向。
基于同一发明构思，本发明实施例还提供了一种相控阵波束扫描装置，由于该装置所解决问题的原理与前述相控阵波束扫描方法相似，因此该装置的实施可以参见前述方法的实施，重复之处不再赘述。
本发明实施例提供的一种相控阵波束扫描装置，如图11所示，包括：
第一确定模块111，用于确定信道质量参数小于预设值；
第一开关控制模块112，用于通过改变相控阵芯片中的各个开关的开关状态来调整接收端接收到的信号的强度；
第二确定模块113，用于确定接收端接收到的信号中的前N个强度最大的信号；
第三确定模块114，用于针对确定的N个信号中的一个信号，确定所述接收端接收到该信号时天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向；
其中，所述相控阵芯片中的每个移相通道分别连接一天线，所述相控阵芯片中的每个开关连接所述相控阵芯片中的至少一个移相通道。
可选地，本发明实施例提供的相控阵波束扫描装置，如图12所示，还包括：
选择模块121，用于从确定的N个空间波束合成方向中选择一个波束合成方向；
第二开关控制模块122，用于导通所述相控阵芯片中的各个开关；
调整模块123，用于调整所述相控阵芯片中的移相器，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向沿着所述选择的波束合成方向。
本发明实施例提供的相控阵芯片、相控阵波束扫描方法和装置均可用于终端通信***中。
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本发明的实施例可提供为方法、***、或计算机程序产品。因此，本发明可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本发明可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。
本发明是参照根据本发明实施例的方法、设备(***)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的 装置。
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明实施例的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种相控阵芯片，其特征在于，包括多个移相通道、多个开关和控制单元；
    每个移相通道分别连接一天线，每个开关连接至少一个移相通道；
    各个移相通道连接的开关，用于在导通时使该移相通道能够传输信号，并在关断时使该移相通道不能传输信号；
    所述控制单元，用于改变各个开关的开关状态，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向发生改变。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的相控阵芯片，其特征在于，所述相控阵芯片为发射芯片，所述发射芯片还包括第一变频模组及功分网络，所述第一变频模组用于将接收到的模拟基带信号与本振信号经过混频并放大后输出至所述功分网络，所述功分网络用于将所述第一变频模组输出的信号分成多路信号；
    各个移相通道连接的开关，用于在导通时使得所述功分网络分路后的一路信号能够通过该移相通道发送给该移相通道连接的天线，并在关断时使得该移相通道连接的天线不能接收到的所述功分网络分路后的信号；
    所述控制单元，用于改变各个开关的开关状态，以改变天线发射的信号的空间波束合成方向。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的相控阵芯片，其特征在于，所述相控阵芯片为接收芯片，所述接收芯片还包括第二变频模组及合路网络，所述合路网络用于将从移相通道接收到的信号进行合路后输出至所述第二变频模组，所述第二变频模组用于将所述合路网络输出的信号经过放大后与本振信号混频生成模拟基带信号；
    各个移相通道连接的开关，用于在导通时使得该移相通道连接的天线接收到的信号能够通过该移相通道发送给所述合路网络，并在关断时使得该移相通道连接的天线接收到的信号不能发送给所述合路网络；
    所述控制单元，用于改变各个开关的开关状态，以改变所述合路网络接 收的信号的空间波束合成方向。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的相控阵芯片，其特征在于，移相通道的数量与开关的数量相等，每个开关连接一个不同的移相通道。
  5. 如权利要求2所述的相控阵芯片，其特征在于，当移相通道的数量大于开关的数量时，各个开关均连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与功分网络之间。
  6. 如权利要求3所述的相控阵芯片，其特征在于，当移相通道的数量大于开关的数量时，各个开关均连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与合路网络之间。
  7. 如权利要求2所述的相控阵芯片，其特征在于，当移相通道的数量等于开关的数量、且每个开关连接一个不同的移相通道时，针对相控阵芯片中的一个开关，该开关连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与功分网络之间，或者连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器之间，或者连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器与该开关连接的移相通道所连接的天线之间。
  8. 如权利要求3所述的相控阵芯片，其特征在于，当移相通道的数量等于开关的数量、且每个开关连接一个不同的移相通道时，针对相控阵芯片中的一个开关，该开关连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与合路网络之间，或者连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的移相器与该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器之间，或者连接在该开关连接的移相通道中的功率放大器与该开关连接的移相通道所连接的天线之间。
  9. 一种相控阵波束扫描方法，其特征在于，包括：
    确定信道质量参数小于预设值；
    通过改变相控阵芯片中的各个开关的开关状态来调整接收端接收到的信号的强度；
    确定接收端接收到的信号中的前N个强度最大的信号；
    针对确定的N个信号中的一个信号，确定所述接收端接收到该信号时天 线上的信号的空间波束合成方向；
    其中，所述相控阵芯片中的每个移相通道分别连接一天线，所述相控阵芯片中的每个开关连接所述相控阵芯片中的至少一个移相通道。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，在确定N个空间波束合成方向后，所述方法还包括：
    从确定的N个空间波束合成方向中选择一个波束合成方向；
    导通所述相控阵芯片中的各个开关；
    调整所述相控阵芯片中的移相器，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向沿着所述选择的波束合成方向。
  11. 一种相控阵波束扫描装置，其特征在于，包括：
    第一确定模块，用于确定信道质量参数小于预设值；
    第一开关控制模块，用于通过改变相控阵芯片中的各个开关的开关状态来调整接收端接收到的信号的强度；
    第二确定模块，用于确定接收端接收到的信号中的前N个强度最大的信号；
    第三确定模块，用于针对确定的N个信号中的一个信号，确定所述接收端接收到该信号时天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向；
    其中，所述相控阵芯片中的每个移相通道分别连接一天线，所述相控阵芯片中的每个开关连接所述相控阵芯片中的至少一个移相通道。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的装置，其特征在于，所述装置还包括：
    选择模块，用于从确定的N个空间波束合成方向中选择一个波束合成方向；
    第二开关控制模块，用于导通所述相控阵芯片中的各个开关；
    调整模块，用于调整所述相控阵芯片中的移相器，使得所述相控阵芯片连接的天线上的信号的空间波束合成方向沿着所述选择的波束合成方向。
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