WO2016179793A1 - 弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手 - Google Patents
弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016179793A1 WO2016179793A1 PCT/CN2015/078759 CN2015078759W WO2016179793A1 WO 2016179793 A1 WO2016179793 A1 WO 2016179793A1 CN 2015078759 W CN2015078759 W CN 2015078759W WO 2016179793 A1 WO2016179793 A1 WO 2016179793A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- plate spring
- elastic bellows
- spring
- acting cylinder
- guide
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000060701 Kaempferia pandurata Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000016390 Uvaria chamae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
- B25J15/08—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members
- B25J15/12—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with flexible finger members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
- B25J15/02—Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated
- B25J15/0206—Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated comprising articulated grippers
- B25J15/022—Gripping heads and other end effectors servo-actuated comprising articulated grippers actuated by articulated links
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J15/00—Gripping heads and other end effectors
- B25J15/08—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members
- B25J15/10—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with three or more finger members
- B25J15/103—Gripping heads and other end effectors having finger members with three or more finger members for gripping the object in three contact points
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/10—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit the motor being of diaphragm type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15B—SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F15B15/00—Fluid-actuated devices for displacing a member from one position to another; Gearing associated therewith
- F15B15/08—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit
- F15B15/14—Characterised by the construction of the motor unit of the straight-cylinder type
- F15B15/1423—Component parts; Constructional details
- F15B15/1471—Guiding means other than in the end cap
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an elastic bellows single acting cylinder driving a series plate spring skeleton robot consisting of a palm and two flexible fingers, or a palm and three flexible fingers.
- Each flexible finger has the same structure, mainly consisting of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder and a series of plate springs; the size of each plate spring in series is optimized according to the characteristics of the object to be grasped; the mechanical hand relies on the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder
- the drive produces a grip.
- This manipulator is applied to fragile brittle objects, or the gripping of shaped objects with different shapes and sizes. It belongs to the field of robot and mechatronics application technology; it is connected with the robot body, especially suitable for the grasp of food, agricultural products and light industrial products. Production and logistics areas such as picking, sorting and packaging.
- the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder drives the series plate spring skeleton manipulator to have the following features:
- the external load has good flexibility and cushioning performance, so the complex object is captured, and the flexibility adaptability is good; There is no friction between the cylinder piston and the rubber seal on the piston rod, and the elastic bellows is single-acting.
- the cylinder runs smoothly and is responsive.
- a key component of the robot of the present invention is a flexible finger, also known as a flexible joint.
- the patent application (a pneumatically rigid adjustable double flexible multi-finger gripper, 201310123160.0) is a manipulator driven by a cylinder, the disadvantages of which are: 1 due to the presence of a rubber seal on the cylinder piston and the piston rod
- the sliding friction force has a large difference between the dynamic and static friction coefficients, and the sliding friction force is also related to the force condition of the piston rod, and the friction force changes greatly.
- the present invention overcomes the above disadvantages.
- the robot of the present invention has two flexible fingers or three flexible fingers, each of which has the same structural structure.
- the flexible finger skeleton is a series plate spring flexible skeleton formed by a thick plate spring 4, a rigid threaded plate 5, and a thin plate spring 7, and the shape and size of the thick plate spring 4 and the thin plate spring 7 are designed according to the specific type of complex object characteristics, and the hinge
- the mounting position of the seat 9 on the thin plate spring 7 is adjustable to form a flexible degree of freedom for adapting to a specific type of complex object.
- a structure of the manipulator of the present invention is composed of two identical flexible fingers and a palm disk 1 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and two identical flexible fingers are symmetrically mounted on the guide groove of the palm disk 1 The center distance is located by the center hole on the palm disk 1.
- the flexible finger is composed of a finger root 2, a bent plate 3, a thick plate spring 4, a threaded plate 5, a press block 6, a thin plate spring 7, a pressure plate 8, a hinge seat 9, a double force bar 10, and an elastic bellows single acting cylinder 11.
- the robot of the present invention is characterized in that: the finger root 2 is guided in the guiding groove of the palm disk 1, the screw passes through the waist groove on the finger root 2, the finger root 2 is fixed on the palm disk 1, and the waist on the finger root 2
- the groove can adjust the center distance of the flexible finger, the screw clamps the thick plate spring 4 between the curved plate 3 and the finger root 2; the two pressing blocks 6 respectively clamp the thick plate spring 4 and the thin plate spring 7 to the threaded plate 5,
- the thick plate spring 4 and the thin plate spring 7 are evenly grooved at the clamping position of the threaded plate 5, which facilitates adjustment of the actual working length of the thick plate spring 4 and the thin plate spring 7, and four screws on the pressing plate 8
- the threaded hole is fastened to the pressure plate 8 by the four screws passing through the hinge seat 9.
- the thin plate spring 7 has no hole, and the position of the hinge seat 9 on the thin plate spring 7 is easily adjusted.
- the lowermost shape of the thin plate spring 7 It is a curved surface; both ends of the second force bar 10 are hinges, and are respectively hingedly coupled with the hinge seat 9 and the hinge support 1 la on the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 11.
- FIG. 3 Another structure of the manipulator of the present invention is as shown in FIG. 3, consisting of three identical flexible fingers and a palm disk 1, and three identical flexible fingers are evenly mounted on the guide groove of the palm disk 1 at 120°. The center distance is located by the center hole on the palm disk 1.
- the structure of the flexible finger is exactly the same as described above, by the finger root 2, the curved plate 3, the thick plate spring 4, the threaded plate 5, the pressing block 6, the thin plate spring 7, the pressure plate 8, the hinge seat 9, the second force bar 10, the elasticity
- the bellows is composed of a single-acting cylinder 11.
- the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 11 is composed of a bottom cover la, a rubber pad 2a, a cylinder block 3a, a clamp 4a, an elastic bellows 5a, a guide sleeve 6a, a linear bearing 7a, and a thread.
- Cover 8a guide rod 9a, guide rod holder 10a, hinge holder l la, compression spring 12a, nylon adjusting piece 13a, spring cover 14a, hexagon socket screw 15a, sealing ring 16a, right angle pipe joint 17a, annular weft wire 18a , composed of warp 19a.
- the utility model is characterized in that: the bottom cover la, the rubber pad 2a and the cylinder block 3a are fixed together by screws, and the flange at the upper end of the guide sleeve 6a is pressed against the rubber pad 2a by the cylinder block 3a, and the cylinder and the cylinder below the flange of the guide sleeve 6a
- the minimum hole clearance of the seat 3a ensures the coaxiality of the guide sleeve 6a and the cylinder block 3a; the rubber elastic bellows 5a is fixed to the cylinder block 3a and the guide rod seat 10a by the clamp 4a; a straight line guiding the guide rod 9a
- the bearing 7a is mounted in the guide sleeve 6a, the screw cap 8a is screwed on the guide sleeve 6a, and the linear bearing 7a is axially fixed; the guide rod 9a is mounted on the guide rod seat 10a, the compression spring 12a is in the guide sleeve 6a, and the hexagon socket
- the hinge support 11a is mounted on the center of symmetry of the guide rod seat 10a, adjusting the phase angle of the elastic bellows 5a on the guide rod seat 10a, and ensuring the hinge support 11a and the hinge base 9 and the second force rod 10 Total On one plane;
- the right angle pipe joint 17a is threaded on the cylinder block 3a, and there is a seal ring 16a between the right angle pipe joint 17a thread and the cylinder block 3a;
- the rubber elastic bellows 5a has a reinforcing annular weft wire 18a And a warp 19a which is distributed along the axial contour of the elastic bellows 5a and which is wound with the annular weft 18a.
- the palm disk 1 has four guiding grooves, the left guiding groove and the right guiding groove are bilaterally symmetrical, and the left guiding groove and the right upper and lower guiding grooves are evenly distributed by 120°. There are four threaded holes on the four guide slots, and the center distances of the four threaded holes are the same.
- the shape of the thick plate spring 4 is rectangular, trapezoidal and rectangular in order from top to bottom, that is, the intermediate trapezoidal portion of the thick plate spring 4 has a variable width.
- the shape of the thin plate spring 7 is rectangular, trapezoidal, rectangular, and trapezoidal in order from top to bottom, that is, the two trapezoidal portions of the thin plate spring 7 have a variable width, and the thin plate spring 7 has the most
- the lower end shape is the beneficial effect of the curved surface invention
- the present invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
- the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 11 has no sliding friction force generated by the rubber seal, and adopts the rolling friction guiding form of the linear bearing; therefore, the energy consumption is small, the reaction is fast, and there is no low-speed crawling phenomenon, the three-finger cylinder
- the synchronization control of the piston movement is relatively simple, and the servo control of the finger position and the gripping force is less difficult.
- FIG. 1 is a front view of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving a series plate spring skeleton manipulator.
- FIG. 2 is a top view of the two-finger installation of the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder drive series plate spring skeleton manipulator
- FIG. 3 is a top view of the three-finger installation of the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving the series plate spring skeleton manipulator
- FIG. 4 is an elastic bellows single acting of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving a series plate spring skeleton manipulator The main view of the cylinder.
- FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of a portion of the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder of the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving the series plate spring skeleton manipulator.
- FIG. 6 is a top view of the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder of the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving the series plate spring skeleton manipulator.
- FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the palm disk of the elastic bellows single acting cylinder driving the series plate spring skeleton manipulator.
- FIG. 8 is a front elevational view of the palm disk of the elastic bellows single acting cylinder driving the series plate spring skeleton manipulator.
- FIG. 9 is a front view of a thick plate spring of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving a series plate spring skeleton manipulator
- Figure 10 is a left side view of the thick plate spring of the elastic bellows single acting cylinder driving the series plate spring skeleton manipulator
- FIG. 11 is a front view of a thin plate spring of an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder driving a series plate spring skeleton manipulator
- FIG. 12 is a left side view of a thin plate spring of an elastic bellows single acting cylinder driving a series plate spring skeleton manipulator
- the structural size of the serial plate spring skeleton manipulator and the elastic parameters of the thick plate spring 4, the thin plate spring 7 and the compression spring 12a are comprehensively designed to ensure the return of the three spring forces in the guide bar.
- the resultant force and resultant torque generated on 9 a will not form self-locking (to prevent self-locking, linear bearing 7a is also used to increase the pressure angle), so that the guide rod 9a of the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 11 can be retracted to the original Position, robotic
- the thick plate spring 4 and the thin plate spring 7 return to the straight initial state.
- the original shape of the elastic bellows is "U” shape, and is assembled into an elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 11 ⁇ , and the initial state of the elastic bellows is “ ⁇ ” shape, so that a larger stroke can be obtained.
- the air pressure in the elastic bellows single-acting cylinder 11 is a set pressure ⁇ , overcoming the thick plate spring 4, the thin plate spring 7 and the compression spring
- the elastic force of 12a reaches the required range of gripping contact force and maintains the gripping state
- 2 grasping state ⁇ the synergistic effect of the elastic deformation of the series of thick plate springs 4 and thin plate springs 7 produces flexibility degrees of freedom, thus Adapting to changes in the size and shape of the grasping object
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Abstract
一种弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手,此机械手由一个手掌和二个柔性手指,或一个手掌和三个柔性手指组成。每个柔性手指结构相同,主要由一个弹性波纹管单作用气缸和一个串联板弹簧组成;串联的各板弹簧的尺寸根据被抓取对象的特点而优化设计的;机械手靠弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动产生抓持力。此机械手应用于易碎的脆性物体,或形状、大小变化的异形物体的抓持,属于机器人、机电一体化的应用技术领域;与机器人本体联接,尤其适用于食品、农产品、轻工产品的抓取、分拣和包装等生产和物流领域。
Description
弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动 串 联板弹簧骨架机械手 技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手, 此机械手由一 个手掌和二个柔性手指, 或一个手掌和三个柔性手指组成。 每个柔性手指结构 相同, 主要由一个弹性波纹管单作用气缸和一个串联板弹簧组成; 串联的各板 弹簧的尺寸根据被抓取对象的特点而优化设计的; 机械手靠弹性波纹管单作用 气缸驱动产生抓持力。 此机械手应用于易碎的脆性物体, 或形状、 大小变化的 异形物体的抓持, 属于机器人、 机电一体化的应用技术领域; 与机器人本体联 接, 尤其适用于食品、 农产品、 轻工产品的抓取、 分拣和包装等生产和物流领 域。
背景技术
[0002] 针对轻工和食品行业的大规模生产状况, 为满足形状复杂、 物性多样的原材料 、 半成品、 成品的物流和包装的需要, 为解决简单劳动的用工成本高、 劳动条 件差等问题, 需要物流抓取机械手。 就抓取的复杂对象的种类: ①易变形的软性 物体 (面包、 软包装物品) ; ②易碎的脆性物体 (禽蛋、 玻璃陶瓷制品) ; ③形 状不规则的、 大小差别大的物体 (瓜果、 蔬菜) ; ④异形的、 位置状态混乱且难 理顺的物体 (酒瓶、 化妆品瓶) ; 从上可见, 复杂对象的材料性质、 形状尺寸 及位置状态的差别较大。 传统工业机械手为夹钳式或平行移动式结构, 只能抓 取形状大小相同、 位置状态一致、 不会破损的刚性工件。 仿人灵巧手需要感知 复杂对象的空间位置和形状, 需要精确控制运动和抓取力, 否则会损坏复杂对 象或不能可靠抓取, 但目前仿人灵巧手尚处在实验室研究阶段, 且成本高、 对 使用环境要求高。
[0003] 本发明弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的特点是: 对外载荷 具有良好的柔性自由度和缓冲性能, 因此抓取复杂对象吋, 柔性自适应性好; 同吋, 由于没有气缸活塞和活塞杆上橡胶密封的摩擦力, 弹性波纹管单作用气
缸运行平稳、 反应灵敏。
技术问题
[0004] 本发明机械手的关键部件是柔性手指, 亦称为柔性关节。 本发明之前, 专利申 请 (一种气动刚性可调的双柔性多指手爪, 201310123160.0) 是一种采用气缸驱 动的机械手, 其缺点是: ①由于存在气缸活塞和活塞杆上橡胶密封的这两个滑动 摩擦力, 其动、 静摩擦系数相差较大, 且滑动摩擦力大小还与活塞杆的受力状 况相关, 摩擦力变化大, 因此三个手指气缸活塞运动的同步性控制较复杂, 位 置伺服控制难度大; ②未考虑板弹簧刚度与应力的综合优化设计, 仅采用单个的 等截面板弹簧, 等截面板弹簧的柔性差; ③机械手柔性手指是垂直安装, 仅仅适 用于"指尖接触"的捏取抓取方式, 不能采用"手指和手掌多处接触"的包络抓取方 式, 应用范围较小。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 本发明克服了上述不足, 本发明机械手有二个柔性手指或三个柔性手指, 每个 柔性手指结构相同。 原理上柔性手指骨架为厚板弹簧 4、 刚性的螺纹板 5、 薄板 弹簧 7形成的串联板弹簧柔性骨架, 根据具体类型复杂对象特点设计的厚板弹簧 4、 薄板弹簧 7的形状与尺寸, 铰链座 9在薄板弹簧 7上的安装位置可调, 形成了 适应具体类型复杂对象的柔性自由度。
[0006] 本发明的主要解决方案是这样实现的:
[0007] 本发明机械手的一种结构如附图 1、 2所示, 由二个相同的柔性手指和一个手掌 盘 1组成, 二个相同的柔性手指左右对称地安装在手掌盘 1的导向槽中, 靠手掌 盘 1上的中心孔定位中心距。 柔性手指由指根 2、 弯板 3、 厚板弹簧 4、 螺纹板 5、 压块 6、 薄板弹簧 7、 压板 8、 铰链座 9、 二力杆 10、 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11组 成。 本发明机械手的特征是: 指根 2在手掌盘 1的导向槽中导向, 螺钉穿过指根 2 上的腰形槽, 将指根 2固定在手掌盘 1上, 指根 2上的腰形槽可以调节柔性手指的 中心距, 螺钉将厚板弹簧 4夹紧在弯板 3和指根 2之间; 两个压块 6分别将厚板弹 簧 4和薄板弹簧 7夹紧在螺纹板 5, 厚板弹簧 4和薄板弹簧 7在螺纹板 5夹紧处均匀 腰形槽, 便于调节厚板弹簧 4和薄板弹簧 7的实际工作长度; 压板 8上有四个螺钉
的螺纹孔, 用四个螺钉穿过铰链座 9将薄板弹簧 7紧固定在压板 8上, 薄板弹簧 7 没有孔, 便于调节铰链座 9在薄板弹簧 7上的安装位置, 薄板弹簧 7最下端形状是 曲面; 二力杆 10的两端均为铰链, 分别与铰链座 9和弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11上 的铰链支座 1 la形成铰链联结。
[0008] 本发明机械手的另一种结构如附图 3所示, 由三个相同的柔性手指和一个手掌 盘 1组成, 三个相同的柔性手指 120°均布地安装在手掌盘 1的导向槽中, 靠手掌盘 1上的中心孔定位中心距。 柔性手指的结构与前面所述完全相同, 由指根 2、 弯 板 3、 厚板弹簧 4、 螺纹板 5、 压块 6、 薄板弹簧 7、 压板 8、 铰链座 9、 二力杆 10、 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11组成。
[0009] 如附图 4-6所示, 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11由底盖 la、 橡胶垫 2a、 气缸座 3a、 卡 箍 4a、 弹性波纹管 5a、 导套 6a、 直线轴承 7a、 螺纹盖 8a、 导杆 9a、 导杆座 10a、 铰链支座 l la、 压缩弹簧 12a、 尼龙调节片 13a、 弹簧盖 14a、 内六角螺钉 15a、 密 封圈 16a、 直角管接头 17a、 环状纬丝 18a、 经丝 19a组成。 其特征是: 底盖 la、 橡 胶垫 2a、 气缸座 3a通过螺钉固定在一起, 导套 6a上端的法兰被气缸座 3a压紧在橡 胶垫 2a上, 导套 6a法兰下面的圆柱与气缸座 3a的最小孔间隙配合, 保证导套 6a与 气缸座 3a的同轴度; 橡胶的弹性波纹管 5a用卡箍 4a固定在气缸座 3a和导杆座 10a 上; 为导杆 9a导向的直线轴承 7a安装在导套 6a内, 螺纹盖 8a旋在导套 6a, 轴向固 定直线轴承 7a; 导杆 9a安装在导杆座 10a上, 压缩弹簧 12a在导套 6a内, 内六角螺 钉 15a将尼龙调节片 13a和弹簧盖 14a固定在导杆 9a, 弹簧盖 14a压着压缩弹簧 12a , 更换不同厚度的尼龙调节片 13a, 可以调节压缩弹簧 12a的预紧力, 并可调节弹 性波纹管单作用气缸 11的行程; 铰链支座 11a安装在导杆座 10a的对称中心上, 调 整弹性波纹管 5a在导杆座 10a上的相位角, 保证铰链支座 11a与铰链座 9、 二力杆 1 0共在一个平面上; 直角管接头 17a螺纹安装在气缸座 3a上, 直角管接头 17a螺纹 和气缸座 3a之间有密封圈 16a; 橡胶的弹性波纹管 5a内有起加强作用的环状纬丝 1 8a, 及沿着弹性波纹管 5a轴向轮廓分布、 且与环状纬丝 18a缠绕的经丝 19a。
[0010] 如附图 7、 8所示, 手掌盘 1上有四个导向槽, 左边的导向槽与右边的导向槽左 右对称, 左边的导向槽与右边的上下二个导向槽 120°均布, 四个导向槽上有四个 螺纹孔, 四个螺纹孔的中心距相同。
[0011] 如附图 9、 10所示, 厚板弹簧 4的形状从上到下依次为矩形、 梯形和矩形, 即厚 板弹簧 4中间梯形部分为变宽度。
[0012] 如附图 11、 12所示, 薄板弹簧 7的形状从上到下依次为矩形、 梯形、 矩形和梯 形, 即薄板弹簧 7的两段梯形部分为变宽度, 且薄板弹簧 7的最下端形状是曲面 发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0013] 本发明与已有技术相比具有以下优点:
[0014] ( 1) 考虑各个板弹簧刚度与应力的综合优化设计, 串联了两个厚度不同的、 变宽度的板弹簧, 串联板弹簧骨架的柔性好, 且机械手串联板弹簧骨架是斜向 安装; 因此不仅适用于"指尖接触"的捏取抓取方式 (用于轻的抓取对象) , 也能 适用于 "手指和手掌多处接触"的包络抓取方式 (用于重的或易变形的抓取对象) , 应用范围较大, 抓取可靠性高。
[0015] (2) 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11没有橡胶密封产生的滑动摩擦力, 且采用直线 轴承的滚动摩擦的导向形式; 因此能耗小、 反应快, 无低速爬行现象, 三个手 指气缸活塞运动的同步性控制较简单, 手指位置和抓取力的伺服控制难度小。
[0016] (3) 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11的橡胶波纹管仅仅轴向膨胀, 受力均匀, 寿命 长; 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11的橡胶波纹管和卡箍即使脱幵, 还套在导套 6a和导 杆 9a上, 因此结构安全可靠; 同吋, 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11还具有重量轻的显 著特点。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0017] 图 1为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的主视图。
[0018] 图 2为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手二手指安装的俯视图
[0019] 图 3为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手三手指安装的俯视图
[0020] 图 4为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的弹性波纹管单作用
气缸的主视图。
[0021] 图 5为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的弹性波纹管单作用 气缸的 A处局部放大图。
[0022] 图 6为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的弹性波纹管单作用 气缸的俯视图。
[0023] 图 7为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的手掌盘的仰视图。
[0024] 图 8为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的手掌盘的主视图。
[0025] 图 9为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的厚板弹簧的主视图
[0026] 图 10为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的厚板弹簧的左视图
[0027] 图 11为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的薄板弹簧的主视图
[0028] 图 12为弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手的薄板弹簧的左视图
本发明的实施方式
[0029] 下面为本发明的工作原理及工作过程:
[0030] 如图 1-2和 4-6所示, 本发明的工作原理:
[0031] 对长形、 矩形的复杂对象, 理论分析和实验研究后, 根据被抓取物体形状、 尺 寸的变化范围和材质情况, 确定抓取接触力的安全范围, 优化设计机械手结构 尺寸、 厚板弹簧 4、 薄板弹簧 7的形状与尺寸、 压缩弹簧 12a的特性参数和预紧力 , 从而也确定柔性手指在手掌盘 1上的安装位置尺寸, 并确定铰链座 9在薄板弹 簧 7上的安装位置尺寸。
[0032] 同吋, 根据具体抓取对象, 综合设计串联板弹簧骨架机械手的结构尺寸和厚板 弹簧 4、 薄板弹簧 7和压缩弹簧 12a的弹性参数吋, 确保回复吋三个弹簧力在导杆 9 a上产生的合力和合力矩不会形成自锁 (为防止自锁, 还采用了直线轴承 7a, 以 增大压力角) , 从而弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11的导杆 9a能回退到原位, 机械手的
厚板弹簧 4和薄板弹簧 7回复到平直的初始状态。
[0033] 并且, 弹性波纹管原始形状为" U"形, 装配成弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11吋, 弹 性波纹管初始状态为 "Ω"形, 这样可以得到较大的行程。
[0034] 如图 1-2和 4-6所示, 本发明的工作过程: ①弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11内的气压 为设定压力吋, 克服厚板弹簧 4、 薄板弹簧 7和压缩弹簧 12a的弹性力, 达到要求 的抓持接触力范围, 并保持抓取状态; ②抓取状态吋, 串联的厚板弹簧 4、 薄板 弹簧 7的弹性变形的协同作用, 产生了柔性自由度, 因此对抓取物体尺寸和形状 的变化有自适应性; ③释放弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11内的气压吋, 在厚板弹簧 4 、 薄板弹簧 7和弹性波纹管单作用气缸 11内的压缩弹簧 12a的共同作用下, 串联板 弹簧骨架机械手回复初始状态。
[0035] 如图 1、 3和 4-6所示, 对圆球形、 短圆柱形的复杂对象, 同样按照上述步骤, 实验研究和理论分析后进行设计和调节。
Claims
[权利要求 1] 弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机械手, 其特征是: 二个 相同的柔性手指左右对称地安装在手掌盘 (1) 的导向槽中, 靠手掌 盘 (1) 上的中心孔定位中心距, 这是机械手一种结构; 三个相同的 柔性手指 120°均布地安装在手掌盘 (1) 的导向槽中, 靠手掌盘 (1) 上的中心孔定位中心距, 这是机械手另一种结构; 柔性手指由指根 ( 2) 、 弯板 (3) 、 厚板弹簧 (4) 、 螺纹板 (5) 、 压块 (6) 、 薄板 弹簧 (7) 、 压板 (8) 、 铰链座 (9) 、 二力杆 (10) 、 弹性波纹管 单作用气缸 (11) 组成, 具体是: 指根 (2) 在手掌盘 (1) 的导向槽 中导向, 螺钉穿过指根 (2) 上的腰形槽, 将指根 (2) 固定在手掌盘
( 1) 上, 指根 (2) 上的腰形槽可以调节柔性手指的中心距, 螺钉将 厚板弹簧 (4) 夹紧在弯板 (3) 和指根 (2) 之间; 两个压块 (6) 分 别将厚板弹簧 (4) 和薄板弹簧 (7) 夹紧在螺纹板 (5) , 厚板弹簧
(4) 和薄板弹簧 (7) 在螺纹板 (5) 夹紧处均匀腰形槽, 便于调节 厚板弹簧 (4) 和薄板弹簧 (7) 的实际工作长度; 压板 (8) 上有四 个螺钉的螺纹孔, 用四个螺钉穿过铰链座 (9) 将薄板弹簧 (7) 紧固 定在压板 (8) 上, 薄板弹簧 (7) 没有孔, 便于调节铰链座 (9) 在 薄板弹簧 (7) 上的安装位置; 二力杆 (10) 的两端均为铰链, 分别 与铰链座 (9) 和弹性波纹管单作用气缸 (11) 上的铰链支座 (11a) 形成铰链联结。
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机 械手, 其特征是: 弹性波纹管单作用气缸 (11) 由底盖 (la) 、 橡胶 垫 (2a) 、 气缸座 (3a) 、 卡箍 (4a) 、 弹性波纹管 (5a) 、 导套 ( 6a) 、 直线轴承 (7a) 、 螺纹盖 (8a) 、 导杆 (9a) 、 导杆座 (10a ) 、 铰链支座 (11a) 、 压缩弹簧 (12a) 、 尼龙调节片 (13a) 、 弹 簧盖 (14a) 、 内六角螺钉 (15a) 、 密封圈 (16a) 、 直角管接头 (1 7a) 、 环状纬丝 (18a) 、 经丝 (19a) 组成; 具体是: 底盖 (la) 、 橡胶垫 (2a) 、 气缸座 (3a) 通过螺钉固定在一起, 导套 (6a) 上端
的法兰被气缸座 (3a) 压紧在橡胶垫 (2a) 上, 导套 (6a) 法兰下面 的圆柱与气缸座 (3a) 的最小孔间隙配合, 保证导套 (6a) 与气缸座
(3a) 的同轴度; 橡胶的弹性波纹管 (5a) 用卡箍 (4a) 固定在气缸 座 (3a) 和导杆座 (10a) 上; 为导杆 (9a) 导向的直线轴承 (7a) 安装在导套 (6a) 内, 螺纹盖 (8a) 旋在导套 (6a) , 轴向固定直线 轴承 (7a) ; 导杆 (9a) 安装在导杆座 (10a) 上, 压缩弹簧 (12a) 在导套 (6a) 内, 内六角螺钉 (15a) 将尼龙调节片 (13a) 和弹簧盖
( 14a) 固定在导杆 (9a) , 弹簧盖 (14a) 压着压缩弹簧 (12a) , 更换不同厚度的尼龙调节片 (13a) , 可以调节压缩弹簧 (12a) 的预 紧力, 并可调节弹性波纹管单作用气缸 (11) 的行程; 铰链支座 (11 a) 安装在导杆座 (10a) 的对称中心上, 调整弹性波纹管 (5a) 在导 杆座 (10a) 上的相位角, 保证铰链支座 (11a) 与铰链座 (9) 、 二 力杆 (10) 共在一个平面上; 直角管接头 (17a) 螺纹安装在气缸座
(3a) 上, 直角管接头 (17a) 螺纹和气缸座 (3a) 之间有密封圈 (1 6a) ; 橡胶的弹性波纹管 (5a) 内有起加强作用的环状纬丝 (18a) , 及沿着弹性波纹管 (5a) 轴向轮廓分布、 且与环状纬丝 (18a) 缠 绕的经丝 (19a) 。
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 1所述的弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机 械手, 其特征是: 手掌盘 (1) 上有四个导向槽, 左边的导向槽与右 边的导向槽左右对称, 左边的导向槽与右边的上下二个导向槽 120°均 布, 四个导向槽上有四个螺纹孔, 四个螺纹孔的中心距相同。
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机 械手, 其特征是: 厚板弹簧 (4) 的形状从上到下依次为矩形、 梯形 和矩形, 即厚板弹簧 (4) 中间梯形部分为变宽度。
[权利要求 5] 根据权利要求 1所述的弹性波纹管单作用气缸驱动串联板弹簧骨架机 械手, 其特征是: 薄板弹簧 (7) 的形状从上到下依次为矩形、 梯形 、 矩形和梯形, 即薄板弹簧 (7) 的两段梯形部分为变宽度, 且薄板 弹簧 (7) 的最下端形状是曲面。
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