WO2016162637A1 - Three-dimensional printing device using inductive and resistive devices - Google Patents
Three-dimensional printing device using inductive and resistive devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016162637A1 WO2016162637A1 PCT/FR2016/050793 FR2016050793W WO2016162637A1 WO 2016162637 A1 WO2016162637 A1 WO 2016162637A1 FR 2016050793 W FR2016050793 W FR 2016050793W WO 2016162637 A1 WO2016162637 A1 WO 2016162637A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- printing material
- inert gas
- print head
- printing
- gas diffusion
- Prior art date
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 146
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 132
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000012779 reinforcing material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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Classifications
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
- B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
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- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/20—Cooling means
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
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- B22F12/50—Means for feeding of material, e.g. heads
- B22F12/53—Nozzles
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
- B22F7/064—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts using an intermediate powder layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K13/00—Welding by high-frequency current heating
- B23K13/01—Welding by high-frequency current heating by induction heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
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- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
- B29C64/371—Conditioning of environment using an environment other than air, e.g. inert gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
- H05B6/14—Tools, e.g. nozzles, rollers, calenders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/30—Process control
- B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for three-dimensional printing of a workpiece from a printing material or a set of printing materials.
- melting temperatures are high, from several hundred degrees to several thousand degrees. Because of their composition, the ferromagnetic materials, during their implementation during a melting, are sensitive to any oxidation which then causes a degradation of the part thus produced, by a degradation of the weld between the molten filament or in melting and a removal surface of the part to be produced. It is known to deposit a molten or molten filament of printing material in a controlled atmosphere chamber. However, such a chamber is not perfectly sealed and therefore does not ensure the presence of only an inert gas in the vicinity of the molten filament or molten ferromagnetic printing material.
- An object of the invention is to provide a device for three-dimensional printing of a part to be produced by a molten or molten filament deposition process of ferromagnetic printing material which makes it possible to obtain an optimum weld between the molten or molten filament and the dispensing surface receiving this filament of the workpiece under development.
- a three-dimensional printing device of a part to be produced comprising a print head comprising:
- a second inert gas diffusion nozzle at a contact point of the melt printing material of a receiving surface of the workpiece to be produced in preparation for a supply of gas at a desired pressure.
- the printing device according to the invention comprises at least one of the following additional technical characteristics:
- the means for melting comprise a first induction heating means for the printing material
- the first induction heating means is arranged so as to allow heating of a depositing surface of the melt printing material of the part to be produced during production;
- the means for melting comprise a second means for heating by induction of a surface for depositing the molten printing material of the part to be produced during production;
- the first and / or the second induction heating means surround an output of the printing material supplying means; the first and / or second induction heating means extends only in front of an output of the printing material supply means and has a "U" shape at 90 ° from a direction of advance of the print head in use;
- the first and / or second induction heating means has a horseshoe shape positioned in front of and partly around an outlet of the printing material supplying means; the first and / or second induction heating means are positioned in front of and / or behind and / or on the sides of the supply means of a printing material;
- the first and / or second induction heating means is arranged so as to allow removal of the printing material at any angle of incidence;
- the means for melting comprise current supply means, one terminal of which is connected to the printing material, and another terminal is connected to the part to be produced during production;
- the print material supply means comprises one or more print material supply ducts
- the device comprises two or more printing heads
- the printing material is in the form of a powder
- the printing material supply means comprise a powder projection nozzle
- the powder forming the printing material is propelled by an inert gas; the printing material is in the form of a wire;
- the printing material is a ferromagnetic and / or magneto-dielectric material
- the print head comprises means for supplying a reinforcing material in the form of a yarn or a ribbon arranged so as to lay the reinforcing material on a surface for depositing the printing material in merging the part to be produced during production, upstream of a depositing point of the melt printing material of the depositing surface;
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle is arranged so as to be orientable, in particular so as to be able to orient a stream of inert gas in a direction of advance of the print head;
- the material supply means and / or the means for supplying a reinforcing material comprise means for putting under inert gas materials in use;
- the device comprises means for regulating the diffusion of inert gas
- the device comprises means for cooling all or part of the print head
- the means for melting the printing material, the first inert gas diffusion nozzle and the second inert gas diffusion nozzle are movably mounted relative to the printing material supply means;
- the device comprises one or more inductors associated with one or more induction devices positioned either in front of, behind, on the sides of the print head. It is also intended, according to the invention a use of a device having at least one of the preceding technical characteristics for assembling two or more existing parts by a removal of printing material at a junction between the two or more pieces.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a printing device according to the invention using a printing material in the form of a wire;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a printing device according to the invention using a printing material in the form of a powder;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the printing device of Figure 1 coupled to a reinforcing material supply system for producing a composite material part.
- the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises:
- control and control means 4 here, in the form of an electronic control and control board.
- a wire presence control means 2 ' is positioned and connected to the control and control means 4 to which it informs of the presence of a wire in the reel 2.
- the reel is connected to the storage means 1 of inert gas via a first expansion station 19. This allows, from the beginning, to put the printing material in the form of wire in a controlled atmosphere of inert gas.
- One or more motors 15 for supplying one or more printing materials in the form of son of the reel 2 to the print head 11 in a precise manner.
- the motors 15 are connected to be controlled by the control and control means 4.
- the motors 15 allow the printing material to be driven in the form of a wire within a conduit or supply tube 16.
- the printhead 11 comprises a first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13. It further comprises a wire descent tube 14 and an inductor 12.
- the wire descent tube 14 is directly connected to the supply duct 16 of the printing material in wire form.
- the wire descent tube 14 forms, with the supply duct 16, the motors 15 and the reel 2, feeding means of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention.
- the wire down tube 14 has an open end 141 forming an output of the wire print material of the feed means.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 here includes the wire down tube 14 and has an ejection outlet 31 which ejects the inert gas at the outlet 141 of the three-dimensional printing device supply means. according to the invention.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 may, as an alternative embodiment, comprise a cooling system.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 is fluidly connected to the inert gas storage means 2 via a second expansion station 21.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 allows an inert gas to be diffused towards a melting zone. 29 'of the printing material in wire form.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 makes it possible to control the atmospheric environment, thus controlled, of the melting zone 29 '.
- the presence of inert gas in this environment makes it possible to avoid a modification or degradation of the melt printing material, for example by oxidation.
- the wire down tube 14 is optionally cooled, if necessary, by a cooling system (not shown) such as a water network or other heat transfer fluid.
- the inductor 12 is mounted here in a sealed manner on an outer periphery of the ejection outlet 31 of the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13.
- the inductor 12 is thus slightly below the exit 141 of the downcomer wire 14.
- the inductor 12 may or may not include magneto-dielectric materials making it possible to control a shape of the magnetic flux generated as well as to control the concentration of the magnetic flux that it generates during operation at the desired location.
- the inductor 12 may have different shapes.
- a first shape surrounds the wire down tube 14 at the ejection outlet of the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13.
- a second possible form allows the inductor 12 to extend only in front of the exit 141 of the wire down tube 14 during an advance of the print head 11 of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention with respect to the part being produced 29, the inductor 12 may have a shape of "U" positioned at 90 ° with respect to a direction of advance of the print head 11.
- a third possible form is a horseshoe shape positioned in front of and partly around the exit 141 of the downcomer 14. Other form solutions are possible.
- the inductor 12 may be positioned in front of and / or behind the wire deposit.
- the inductor 12 is controlled by an induction device 9 to which it is connected.
- the induction device is itself controlled by the control and control means to which it is connected.
- inductors 12 and one or more induction devices 9 in front of, behind, on the sides of the print head 11 of the device.
- three-dimensional printing according to the invention this solution making it possible, depending on the impressions made, to vary the desired temperatures on the melting zone 29 'of the wire-shaped printing material and on the part being produced. 29.
- in order to protect the workpiece 29 during its heating by the inductor 12, and thus to put it in a controlled atmosphere comprising an inert gas it is possible to create a new gas network. inert similar to that of the first gas diffusion nozzle 13, said first gas diffusion nozzle 13 and the inductor 12 thus being inside a new inert gas network.
- the print head 11 of the three-dimensional printing device comprises a second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 having an inert gas ejection outlet 80 which allows an inert gas ejection beforehand. at the heating by the inductor 12.
- the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 is fluidly connected to the inert gas storage means 1 via a third expansion station 21 '. The inert gas is then projected around and on the deposition zone 40 of the part being produced.
- the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 provides a gas diffusion circuit around the outside of the inductor. 12, to provide a controlled atmosphere of inert gas around the print head 11 of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention.
- the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 may, as an alternative embodiment, comprise a cooling system.
- the three-dimensional printing device comprises a current generator 6 which makes it possible to supply a direct current with a low or high amperage. It is connected to the wire down tube 14 and controlled by the control and control means 4 to control the voltage and amperage required. If necessary, the current generator 6 can also provide an alternating current.
- the current generator 6 is connected from one of its terminals to wire down tube 14 by a first dedicated cable and from the other of its terminals to the part being developed 29 by a second dedicated cable.
- the current generated by the current generator 6 passes through the printing material in the form of a wire so as to put the printing material in the form of wire at least at the melting zone 29 ', the latter being solidifying immediately at the point of the deposition zone 40 of the part being produced 29: the wire down tube 14 is supplied with current by the current generator 6 and transfers this current into the printing material in the form of wire to achieve its final temperature rise to a melting temperature at the point of contact with the workpiece 29 of said wire-like printing material used. This is possible if the printing material is at least an electrical conductor material.
- the three-dimensional printing device comprises means of thermal measurements.
- a first thermal sensor 5 makes it possible, if necessary, to measure a temperature of the printing material at the outlet 141 of the wire down tube 14.
- the sensor 5 can also be used alternately to measure a temperature of the deposit following the passage of the melted wire and fused to the workpiece 29.
- a second thermal sensor 8 allows a measurement of a temperature of the workpiece being produced 29 just before the deposition zone 40 in the direction of an advance of the head of the workpiece. 11.
- each of the thermal sensors 5 and 8 allow the control of the temperature generated by the inductor 12 (and its induction device 9). and the current generator 6 via the control and control means 4.
- each of the thermal sensors is connected to the control and control means 4.
- each of the thermal sensors 5, 8 has a dedicated power supply 3, 10.
- a distance measurement of the print head 11 with the deposition area 40 of the workpiece 29 being produced is performed by a measuring device 20 as close as possible to a laying point of the work zone. depositing 40 of the melt printing material, this measuring device 20 is connected to the control and control means 4. This makes it possible to control the distance, if necessary, between the print head 11 and the part being produced. 29.
- the inductor 12 heats the part in construction 29 to the temperature permitting the supply of wire and the fusion between the two at the drop zone 40.
- the inductor 12 also makes it possible to heat the printing material in the form of wire at the level of of the melting zone 29 '. This heating is completed by a resistive heating by the transfer of the current supplied by the current generator 6 of the downcomer tube 14 to the part being produced 29 when a contact with the latter of the melt printing material .
- the different temperatures thus obtained make it possible to control the position of the melting zone 29 'with the deposition zone 40 of the part in question. 29.
- the regulation of different heating systems ensures an optimal and continuous form of removal of printing material.
- the deposited material freezes.
- the inductor 12 in its part lying behind the removal relative to the advance of the print head 11, slows down the temperature gradients of the deposited material. on the workpiece being developed downstream of the deposition area 40 according to the advance of the print head.
- the inductor 12 at this level may allow a new momentary melting of the layer of printing material thus deposited to optimize cohesion and or a cooling rate of the deposited layer.
- the inductor 12 is only in front of: it thus preheats the material by induction and generates the melting at the moment of the supply of wire by seconding the heat input from the current generator 6.
- the print head 11 of the three-dimensional printing device is used to deposit the melt printing material vertically or at a given angle with respect to a path and distance. advance of the print head 11 on the part being worked. In the case illustrated in Figure 1, this position is 90 ° but could vary up to 45 ° on all angles and desired axes depending on the technique of supply and the advanced printhead 11
- This possibility involves being able to modify the shape and arrangement of the print head 11 and thus to modify the location of the wire down tube 14, the inductor 12, the different inert gas diffusion nozzles 13 and 51, thermal sensors 5 and 8 and the measuring device 20.
- the inductor 12 can be put either in front of, behind the removal of the molten wire on the deposition zone 40.
- the inert gas sprayed by the nozzle inert gas diffusion system 13 can be oriented at the ejection outlet 31 to obtain a direction of projection of said inert gas in a direction of advance of the print head 11, involving a rotation of the projected inert gas flow at the ejection outlet 31 by the inert gas diffusion nozzle 13.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 is orientable.
- the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention can be demultiplied in order to deposit several printing materials in wire form at the same time, with one or more inductive systems 9, 12 depending on the choices selected.
- the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention also allows assemblies of different materials and different mechanical technical characteristics either by using a print head or with a printing head associating several son. If there are several threads of printing material, there will be several delivery and control systems.
- all the elements being connected to the print head 11, namely the first 13 and second 51 nozzles for diffusion of an inert gas , the wire down tube 14, the motors 15 and the reel 2 are in a controlled atmosphere with a pressure controlled by the expansion stations 19, 21 and 21 '.
- a construction environment of a part 29 may be in a closed chamber (not shown) filled with inert gas whose specificity differs according to the printing material. selected.
- this closed chamber is filled with inert gas and can be coupled to an integrated gas recycling system in order to have an atmosphere of optimum purity of inert gas on the melting zone 29 'and its surrounding environment and only on the dispensing zone 40 of the molten printing material on the part being produced 29.
- FIG. 2 The three-dimensional printing device according to the principle of adding powder FIG. 2 comprises:
- the inert gas storage means 1 for generating a controlled atmosphere of inert gas at the deposition of the melt material 29 'on a part 29 being developed;
- Suction means 18 of the printing material in powder form for example a Venturi system, connected via the expansion station 19 to the storage means 1 of inert gas.
- a powder reservoir 17 comprising printing material in the form of powder, the powder reservoir 17 being connected to the suction means 18 in order to allow a mixture of inert gas and printing material in the form of a powder, the inert gas then serving as propellant of the printing material under In addition, from the start, this makes it possible to put the printing material in the form of a wire in a controlled atmosphere of inert gas.
- the powder reservoir 17 has, at its outlet between the powder reservoir 17 and the suction means 18, a system for measuring a quantity of powder 50 remaining in the powder reservoir 17.
- the measuring system 50 is equipped with a shut-off valve for stopping the printing and insulating the powder reservoir 17 of the suction means 18. For this, the measuring system 50 is connected to the control and control means 4.
- a print head 110 is very similar in structure to the print head 11 previously described in connection with the first embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention.
- the print head 110 comprises the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13. It further comprises a powder descent tube 25 and an inductor 27.
- the powder descent tube 25 is directly connected to the supply duct 22 of the printing material in powder form.
- the powder descent tube 25 forms, with the supply duct 22, the suction means 18 and the powder reservoir 17, means for feeding the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention.
- the powder descent tube 25 has, at a lower open end in FIG. 2, a projection nozzle 26 forming an output of the printing material in powder form of the supply means.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 here includes the powder down tube 24 and the jet nozzle 26 and has the ejection outlet 31 which ejects the inert gas at the an outlet 261 of the projection nozzle 26 means for feeding the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 may, as an alternative embodiment, comprise a cooling system.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 is fluidly connected to the inert gas storage means 2 via the second expansion station 21.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 allows inert gas to be diffused towards the melting zone. 29 'of the printing material in powder form.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 makes it possible to control the atmospheric environment, thus controlled, of the melting zone 29 'and of the deposition zone 40.
- the presence of inert gas in this environment makes it possible to avoid a modification. or the degradation of the melt printing material, for example by oxidation.
- the powder descent tube 25 and optionally the spray nozzle 26 are optionally cooled, if necessary, by a cooling system (not shown) such as a water network or other heat transfer fluid.
- the projection nozzle 26 may have a variable geometry depending on the desired shape of removal and the distance with the removal zone 40 of the part being produced.
- the projection nozzle 26 may have a robotic variable geometry in order to vary the chosen projection shape as well as to control the distance with the removal zone 40 of the workpiece being produced 29.
- the projection nozzle 26 is preferably centered with the inductor 27 that we will now describe.
- the inductor 27 is mounted here in a sealed manner on an outer periphery of the ejection outlet 31 of the first 13.
- the inductor 27 is thus slightly below the outlet 261 of the spray nozzle 26 of the powder descent tube 25.
- the inductor 27 may or may not include magneto-dielectric materials to control a shape of the magnetic flux generated as well as control the concentration of the magnetic flux it generates in operation at the desired location.
- the inductor 27 may have different shapes such as the inductor 12 previously described in the case of the print head 11 of the first embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention.
- the inductor 27 is controlled by an induction device 34 to which it is connected.
- the induction device 34 is itself controlled by the control and control means 4 to which it is connected.
- the printing head 110 of the three-dimensional printing device comprises the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 comprising an inert gas ejection outlet 81 which allows an ejection of inert gas prior to heating by the inductor 27.
- the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 is fluidly connected to the inert gas storage means 1 via a third expansion station 21 '. The inert gas is then projected around and on the deposition zone 40 of the part being produced.
- the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 provides a gas diffusion circuit around the outside of the inductor. 27, allowing to have a controlled atmosphere of inert gas around the print head 110 of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention.
- the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 may, as an alternative embodiment, comprise a cooling system.
- the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 comprises a second inductor 28.
- the shape and the position of the second inductor 28 makes it possible to preheat the deposit zone 40 upstream of the depositing of molten printing material and to control the cooling of this same depositing zone downstream of the deposition of material the second inductor 28 can be positioned in front only in order to carry out the preheating.
- the second inductor 28 has a first part in front and a second part behind.
- the second inductor 28 is controlled by an induction device 9 to which it is connected.
- the induction device 9 is itself controlled by the control and control means 4 to which it is connected.
- the shapes of the inductors 27 and 28, as well as the first 13 and second 51 inert gas diffusion nozzles also make it possible to control the centering and dispersing the powder-like printing material between the spraying nozzle 26 and the workpiece being produced 29.
- the spraying nozzle 26 projects a flow of inert gas and printing material in the form of powder to the dispensing zone 40 of the workpiece in progress 29.
- the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 confines the inert gas and the powdery printing material 30 to the desired direction of the dispensing zone 40 of the part under development 29, in order to control the dispersion of the powder going towards the part being produced.
- the inert gas diffused by the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 directs the pro injection of powder to an ideal point of the magnetic field of the inductor 27 for performing a melting 29 'of the printing material in powder form.
- the second supply of inert gas by the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 comes to contain the deformation of the powder flow due to the action of the inductor 27.
- the inductor 28 does not interfere with the printing material in the form of powder at its output from the printing head 110 and at the moment of contact with the part being produced 29, because the printing material is in melted or melted 29 '.
- the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 distributes a supply of inert gas under the inductor 27 and at the periphery of the printing zone.
- a distance from the powder down tube 25 on which the projection nozzle 26 and the second inductor 28 are mounted may vary depending on the choices and technical characteristics of the powder printing material used. The aim is not to subject constraints such as magnetic repulsion to the materials when they exit the descent or projection device to make their way to the part under construction, stress from the magnetic field of the inductive device in operation.
- the second embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention makes it possible to heat the printing material in powder form with the inductor 27 and to heat the part being produced 29 with the inductor 28. , the two temperatures obtained with the two inductors allows the melting of the supplied material 29 'on the part being produced 29.
- the powder-like printing material is heated by the inductor 27, whether or not using a magneto-dielectric material, for concentrating the magnetic flux at the desired location (29 ') passing its melting point to the printing material under powder form.
- the melt printing material undergoes the effect of the inductor 28 using or not magnetoelectric materials allowing the concentration of the magnetic flux at the desired location whose work orientation allows it to heat the component 29 and incidentally or not the molten printing material descending as a function of its distance from the inductor 28.
- a first thermal measurement 5 measures the temperature of the printing material in the form of molten powder 30 as a result of its passage in the inductor 27, a second temperature measurement 8 is performed on the part being produced 29 just before contacting a molten printing material 29 'with the part being produced 29.
- the second embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention with two inductors 27 and 28.
- the number of inductors used as well as their positioning, their shape and the use or not of Magneto dielectric materials is a function of the chosen technical choices and may vary.
- the second embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention can include as many inductive means, gas inputs, cooling systems, spray nozzles and printhead.
- the different inductors 12, 27, 28 may be single turns or multi turns.
- the contributions of inert gas from the outlets 31 and 81 should allow, for example, to control the dispersion of the powder due to the magnetic field through the different turns if the inductor 27 and the materials associated with it generate closed cylinders between the turns.
- the control and control means 4 control the inductive devices for supplying their associated inductor with an alternating current of 1 Hz to 30 MHz.
- the different inductors 12, 27, 28 have shapes so as to obtain optimum inductive fields which generate a set of forces on the printing material between the open end 141 of the wire down tube 14, or the outlet 261 of the projection nozzle 26, according to the embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention in question, and the deposition area 40 on the Work in progress 29.
- their shapes may be associated with each other so as to further improve the overall inductive field obtained.
- the magnetic fields thus obtained make it possible, via the Lorentz forces, to keep the heated printing material as well as that already deposited on the dispensing zone 40 in shape, thus permitting contributions of printing material that are not necessarily made. vertically but also at any angle of incidence, if necessary.
- the downspout and downspout pipe as well as the powder spraying nozzle are made of materials such as copper or materials having equivalent properties, as well as magneto-dielectric materials.
- This third embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention is based on the first and second embodiments of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention.
- the third embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention is the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention according to the first or second embodiment previously described, which is coupled with a delivery system.
- ferromagnetic or non-ferromagnetic wires or tapes allowing a combination of materials having different mechanical properties in order to produce a part 29 made of a composite material.
- the application to the second embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention is made mutatis mutandis.
- the thread supply system or ribbon 67 and 68 comprises, here, two feed tubes 63 and 64 for laying two son or ribbons 67 and 68 simultaneously.
- the supply tubes 63 and 64 have the possibility of moving around the print head 11 separately, rotatively and linearly depending on the technical choices and the number of printing heads 11, this possibility allows to superpose and / or crossing the son or ribbon 67 and 68 during the advancement of the print head 11.
- the number of thread delivery system or ribbons and the number of rotary or linear axes vary depending on the number of printing heads 11 and the desired technical choices, we can therefore have as many wire or ribbon supply system as desired.
- Each thread or ribbon feeder has a reel 58,59 containing the one or more stored threads or ribbons to be dispensed.
- the reel 58,59 can be placed under a controlled atmosphere, by connecting them, for example, to the means for storing an inert gas 2.
- a device for checking the presence of wire or ribbons 71 , 76 is optionally implanted, connected to the control and control means 4. Following the presence control device wire or ribbons 71,76, is positioned a drive motor of the wire or ribbons 70, 77.
- the drive motor 70, 77 is coupled to a transport tube 60, 66.
- the transport tube 60,66 is coupled to a cutting system of the wire or ribbon 61,62. Upstream of this thread cutting system or tape 61,62, a second motor 73,74 is positioned to allow control of the cutting and advancing of the thread or ribbon 67, 68. Following the cutting device 61,62, is positioned a third drive motor 69,75 allowing a control of the cutting and advancement of the thread or tape 67, 68 cut in a transport tube 63,64, if necessary.
- the wire or ribbon 67, 68 can be preheated via an inductive or resistive preheating system 72, in order to be deposited at a desired controlled temperature. upstream of a deposit of the printing material melt or liquefied thereon by the print head 11.
- the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention according to this embodiment may comprise delivery systems for threads or ribbons that can cross one another by superimposing on the advance of the print head. This allows to superpose son or ribbons on the material already laid before the introduction of a new layer of the material by the print head.
- the length, the width, the diameter of the threads or ribbons will vary according to the characteristics chosen associations thus making it possible to optimize the cohesion with the deposited material.
- the device for supplying wires or tapes comprises heating means which, following the laying of the wires or ribbons, generate a combination of the wire or ribbon with the previous layer at the moment of contact with the part 29.
- heating means which, following the laying of the wires or ribbons, generate a combination of the wire or ribbon with the previous layer at the moment of contact with the part 29.
- the entire system of supply of wire or ribbons and the section thereof may alternatively be produced in a controlled atmosphere.
- a material supplied by the print head may be a polymer, a composite material or ferromagnetic, the print head 11 to be adapted according to the material.
- the reel 58, 59 can be placed under a controlled atmosphere if necessary integrating a seal of the entire network that is behind the reel 58.59 to the supply of wire or ribbon to the delivery system. It should be specified if necessary that the inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 can generate a flow of gas at its outlet 141 oriented towards the forward direction of the print head 11. The inert gas will therefore have a projection making it stand out in front of the nozzle head.
- the three-dimensional printing devices that have just been described can also be used on as many work axes as possible from the moment the start of the workpiece to a fixed point. It can be mounted on the end of a multi-axis robot arm.
- the part to be produced can be produced by the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention by using a support material made of silica which serves as a support for the constrained parts of the part to be produced.
- a support material made of silica which serves as a support for the constrained parts of the part to be produced.
- the brittle nature of the silica allows easy removal of the support once the impression of the part to achieve complete.
- the three-dimensional printing device which has just been described makes it possible to produce parts in a very large number of materials or combination of materials that can be melted or melted for association in a simple or complex manner by inductors and / or by passing a current in a resistive manner.
- the printing material (s) used are therefore ferromagnetic and / or magneto dielectric and / or polymers or composite associated with ferromagnetic parts.
- the three-dimensional printing device comprises machining means arranged so as to carry out, once the laying of one or more layers of printing material has been carried out, a machining on all the desired axes in order to obtain the desired surfaces and dimensions, to perform machining operations during the construction of a part to be carried out irrespective of the state of progress of the part to be made in order to rectify or to make the required dimensions and required details of the parts of the part already built whatever the requested machining axis, to finalize the realization of the part according to the existing imperfections or the required precision and on all requested axes .
- Another proposed solution is the machining following the finalization of the part.
- a first solution is to fix the attachment plate of the first layer of the part 29 by screw to the printer.
- a second solution is to use bolts attached to the printer support in order to create the additive construction 29 from the attachment point (s), a third solution is to hold a construction plate allowing the laying of the first layer.
- the holding can be done by any means to hold a fixed position, by clamping around the building plate for example by using screws and / or bolts
- the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises a system for preheating or controlling the temperature of a portion already made of the part being produced and comprising in particular a support plate the current part whose temperature is thus controlled by a cooling system or rise in liquid temperature or by induction or by thermal radiation provided in the tray.
- the plate can have several axes of positioning or displacement to increase the implementation solutions or step realization.
- the three-dimensional printing device comprises cooling systems of different elements as previously described, to enable control of the temperature of the various organs of the printing device, making it possible, if necessary, to obtain a desired positive or negative temperature of these organs.
- the three-dimensional printing device comprises means for taking information, such as shape measurements, allowing adjustments of the printing in progress by the control and control means. 4, such a modification of the settings of the path and laying of the printing material.
- the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention can be constructed using rotary induction, gas supply, wire or ribbon systems and thus comprise rotary systems around the zone of deposit 40 and thus the down tube of the wire or around the powder spray nozzle.
- the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention can be mounted in their entirety or only certain parts on an arm or a multiaxis assembly. As a result, the three-dimensional printing devices according to the invention can be interchanged during the construction of the part under construction.
- the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention can provide additional printing to the parts thus assembled.
- the print complement can be determined, following the assembly of the parts, using a three-dimensional scanner system.
- the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention performs a three-dimensional reconstruction of the assembly using the three-dimensional scanner system, and then compares the reconstruction thus produced with a model of the final object to be obtained in order to determine the print complement to be added to the parts assembly.
- the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises machining means, it is then possible to rectify if necessary the assembly of the parts made, following a comparison between the three-dimensional reconstruction with the model of the final object.
Abstract
Device for the three-dimensional printing of a component (29) that is to be produced comprises a print head (11) comprising: - means (2, 14, 15, 16) of supplying a ferromagnetic print material; - means (12, 9, 6) allowing the melting of the print material prior to laying; - a first inert-gas spray nozzle (13) at the level of an outlet (141; 261) of the supply means; and - a second inert-gas spray nozzle (51) at the level of a point of contact of the molten print material with a receiving surface (40) of the component that is to be produced in the process of being produced so as to allow gas to be supplied at a desired pressure.
Description
Dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions utilisant des dispositifs inductifs et résistifs Three-dimensional printing device using inductive and resistive devices
L'invention concerne un dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions d'une pièce à partir d'un matériau d'impression ou d'un ensemble de matériaux d'impression. The invention relates to a device for three-dimensional printing of a workpiece from a printing material or a set of printing materials.
Dans le cadre de l'utilisation de matériaux d'impression ferromagnétiques, les températures de fusion sont élevées, de plusieurs centaines de degrés à plusieurs milliers de degrés. Du fait de leur composition, les matériaux ferromagnétiques, lors de leur mise en œuvre lors d'une fusion, sont sensibles à toute oxydation qui entraine alors une dégradation de la pièce ainsi réalisée, par une dégradation de la soudure entre le filament fondu ou en fusion et une surface de dépose de la pièce à réaliser en cours d'élaboration. Il est connu de réaliser le dépôt d'un filament fondu ou en fusion de matériau d'impression dans une enceinte à atmosphère contrôlée. Toutefois, une telle enceinte n'est pas parfaitement étanche et ne permet donc pas d'assurer la présence seule d'un gaz inerte dans le voisinage du filament fondu ou en fusion de matériau d'impression ferromagnétique. In the context of the use of ferromagnetic printing materials, melting temperatures are high, from several hundred degrees to several thousand degrees. Because of their composition, the ferromagnetic materials, during their implementation during a melting, are sensitive to any oxidation which then causes a degradation of the part thus produced, by a degradation of the weld between the molten filament or in melting and a removal surface of the part to be produced. It is known to deposit a molten or molten filament of printing material in a controlled atmosphere chamber. However, such a chamber is not perfectly sealed and therefore does not ensure the presence of only an inert gas in the vicinity of the molten filament or molten ferromagnetic printing material.
Un but de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions d'une pièce à réaliser par un procédé de dépôt de filament fondu ou en fusion de matériau d'impression ferromagnétique qui permette d'obtenir une soudure optimale entre le filament fondu ou en fusion et la surface de dépose recevant ce filament de la pièce en cour d'élaboration.
A cette fin, il est prévu selon l'invention, un dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions d'une pièce à réaliser comprenant une tête d'impression comportant : An object of the invention is to provide a device for three-dimensional printing of a part to be produced by a molten or molten filament deposition process of ferromagnetic printing material which makes it possible to obtain an optimum weld between the molten or molten filament and the dispensing surface receiving this filament of the workpiece under development. For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention, a three-dimensional printing device of a part to be produced comprising a print head comprising:
- des moyens d'alimentation en un matériau d'impression ferromagnétique ; feed means for a ferromagnetic printing material;
- des moyens permettant la fusion du matériau d'impression avant pose ; means for melting the printing material before laying;
- une première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte au niveau d'une sortie des moyens d'alimentation ; a first inert gas diffusion nozzle at an outlet of the supply means;
- une deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte au niveau d'un point de contact du matériau d'impression en fusion d'une surface de réception de la pièce à réaliser en cours d'élaboration permettant un apport du gaz à une pression souhaitée. - A second inert gas diffusion nozzle at a contact point of the melt printing material of a receiving surface of the workpiece to be produced in preparation for a supply of gas at a desired pressure.
Avantageusement, mais facultativement, le dispositif d'impression selon l'invention comporte au moins l'une des caractéristiques techniques additionnelles suivantes : Advantageously, but optionally, the printing device according to the invention comprises at least one of the following additional technical characteristics:
- les moyens permettant la fusion comprennent un premier moyen de chauffage par induction du matériau d'impression ; the means for melting comprise a first induction heating means for the printing material;
- le premier moyen de chauffage par induction est agencé de sorte à permettre un chauffage d'une surface de dépose du matériau d'impression en fusion de la pièce à réaliser en cours d'élaboration ; the first induction heating means is arranged so as to allow heating of a depositing surface of the melt printing material of the part to be produced during production;
- les moyens permettant la fusion comportent un deuxième moyen de chauffage par induction d'une surface de dépose du matériau d'impression en fusion de la pièce à réaliser en cours d'élaboration ; the means for melting comprise a second means for heating by induction of a surface for depositing the molten printing material of the part to be produced during production;
- le premier et/ou le deuxième moyen de chauffage par induction entoure une sortie des moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression ;
- le premier et/ou le deuxième moyen de chauffage par induction s'étend uniquement devant une sortie des moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression et présente une forme de « U » à 90° d'un sens d'avancée de la tête d'impression en utilisation ; the first and / or the second induction heating means surround an output of the printing material supplying means; the first and / or second induction heating means extends only in front of an output of the printing material supply means and has a "U" shape at 90 ° from a direction of advance of the print head in use;
- le premier et/ou le deuxième moyen de chauffage par induction présente une forme en fer à cheval se positionnant devant et en partie autour d'une sortie des moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression ; - les premier et/ou deuxième moyens de chauffage par induction sont positionnées devant et/ou derrière et/ou sur les côtés des moyens d'alimentation en un matériau d'impression ; the first and / or second induction heating means has a horseshoe shape positioned in front of and partly around an outlet of the printing material supplying means; the first and / or second induction heating means are positioned in front of and / or behind and / or on the sides of the supply means of a printing material;
- le premier et/ou le deuxième moyen de chauffage par induction est agencé de sorte à permettre une dépose du matériau d'impression sous un angle d'incidence quelconque ; the first and / or second induction heating means is arranged so as to allow removal of the printing material at any angle of incidence;
- les moyens permettant la fusion comprennent un moyen d'alimentation en courant dont une borne est connectée au matériau d'impression et une autre borne est connectée à la pièce à réaliser en cours d'élaboration ; the means for melting comprise current supply means, one terminal of which is connected to the printing material, and another terminal is connected to the part to be produced during production;
- les moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression comprennent un ou plusieurs conduits d'amenée de matériau d'impression ; - The print material supply means comprises one or more print material supply ducts;
- le dispositif comporte deux ou plus têtes d'impression ; the device comprises two or more printing heads;
- le matériau d'impression est sous la forme d'une poudre ; the printing material is in the form of a powder;
- les moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression comportent une buse de projection de poudre ; the printing material supply means comprise a powder projection nozzle;
- la poudre formant le matériau d'impression est propulsé par un gaz inerte ;
- le matériau d'impression est sous la forme d'un fil ;the powder forming the printing material is propelled by an inert gas; the printing material is in the form of a wire;
- le matériau d'impression est un matériau ferromagnétique et ou magnéto-diélectrique ; the printing material is a ferromagnetic and / or magneto-dielectric material;
- la tête d'impression comporte des moyens d'apport d'un matériau de renfort sous la forme d'un fil ou d'un ruban agencés de sorte à poser le matériau de renfort sur une surface de dépose du matériau d'impression en fusion de la pièce à réaliser en cours d'élaboration, en amont d'un point de dépose du matériau d'impression en fusion de la surface de dépose ; the print head comprises means for supplying a reinforcing material in the form of a yarn or a ribbon arranged so as to lay the reinforcing material on a surface for depositing the printing material in merging the part to be produced during production, upstream of a depositing point of the melt printing material of the depositing surface;
- la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte est agencée de sorte à être orientable, notamment afin de pouvoir orienter un flux de gaz inerte dans un sens d'avancée de la tête d'impression ; the first inert gas diffusion nozzle is arranged so as to be orientable, in particular so as to be able to orient a stream of inert gas in a direction of advance of the print head;
- les moyens d'alimentation en matériau et/ou les moyens d'apport d'un matériau de renfort comprennent des moyens de mise sous gaz inerte des matériaux en utilisation ; - The material supply means and / or the means for supplying a reinforcing material comprise means for putting under inert gas materials in use;
- le dispositif comporte des moyens de régulation de diffusion de gaz inerte ; the device comprises means for regulating the diffusion of inert gas;
- le dispositif comporte des moyens de refroidissement de tout ou partie de la tête d'impression ; the device comprises means for cooling all or part of the print head;
- les moyens permettant la fusion du matériau d'impression, la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte et la deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte sont montés mobiles par rapport aux moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression ; et, - The means for melting the printing material, the first inert gas diffusion nozzle and the second inert gas diffusion nozzle are movably mounted relative to the printing material supply means; and,
- le dispositif comporte un ou plusieurs inducteurs associés à un ou plusieurs dispositifs d'induction positionnés soit devant, derrière, sur les côtés de la tête d'impression.
Il est aussi prévu, selon l'invention une utilisation d'un dispositif présentant au moins l'une des caractéristiques techniques précédentes pour assembler deux ou plus pièces existante par une dépose de matériau d'impression à une jonction entre les deux ou plus pièces. the device comprises one or more inductors associated with one or more induction devices positioned either in front of, behind, on the sides of the print head. It is also intended, according to the invention a use of a device having at least one of the preceding technical characteristics for assembling two or more existing parts by a removal of printing material at a junction between the two or more pieces.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront lors de la description ci-après de modes de réalisation. Aux dessins annexés : Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif d'impression selon l'invention utilisant un matériau d'impression sous la forme d'un fil ; - Figure 1 is a schematic view of a printing device according to the invention using a printing material in the form of a wire;
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif d'impression selon l'invention utilisant un matériau d'impression sous la forme d'une poudre ; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a printing device according to the invention using a printing material in the form of a powder;
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique du dispositif d'impression de la figure 1 couplé à un système de fourniture de matériau de renfort pour la réalisation d'une pièce en matériaux composites. - Figure 3 is a schematic view of the printing device of Figure 1 coupled to a reinforcing material supply system for producing a composite material part.
En référence la figure 1, nous allons décrire un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention utilisant un matériau d'impression sous la forme d'un fil le principe d'apport de fil. Le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention comporte : Referring to Figure 1, we will describe a first embodiment of a three-dimensional printing device according to the invention using a printing material in the form of a wire the principle of wire feed. The three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises:
- des moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4, ici, sous la forme d'une carte électronique de contrôle et de pilotage . control and control means 4, here, in the form of an electronic control and control board.
- des moyens de stockage 1 de gaz inerte qui va permettre de générer une atmosphère contrôlée de gaz inerte au niveau de la dépose du matériau en fusion 29' sur une pièce 29 en cours d'élaboration.
- un (ou plusieurs) dévidoir (s) 2 dans le (s) quel (s) se trouve(nt) stocké(s) le (ou les) matériau(x) d'impression sous forme de fil qui vont être ensuite déroulés jusqu'à une ou plusieurs têtes d'impression 11 du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. En sortie du dévidoir 2, un moyen de contrôle de présence de fil 2' est positionné et connecté aux moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4 auxquels il informe de la présence d'un fil dans le dévidoir 2. De plus le dévidoir est connecté aux moyens de stockage 1 de gaz inerte via un premier poste de détente 19. Cela permet, dès le début, de mettre le matériau d'impression sous forme de fil dans une atmosphère contrôlée de gaz inerte. storage means 1 of inert gas which will make it possible to generate a controlled atmosphere of inert gas at the level of the deposition of the molten material 29 'on a part 29 being produced. - one (or several) reel (s) 2 in which are stored the printing material (s) in the form of wire which will then be unrolled up to one or more print heads 11 of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. At the output of the reel 2, a wire presence control means 2 'is positioned and connected to the control and control means 4 to which it informs of the presence of a wire in the reel 2. In addition the reel is connected to the storage means 1 of inert gas via a first expansion station 19. This allows, from the beginning, to put the printing material in the form of wire in a controlled atmosphere of inert gas.
- un ou des moteurs 15 permettant l'apport d'un ou des matériaux d'impression sous forme de fils du dévidoir 2 à la tête d'impression 11 de manière précise. Les moteurs 15 sont reliés pour être pilotés aux moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4. Les moteurs 15 permettent l'entraînement du matériau d'impression sous forme de fil au sein d'un conduit ou tube d'amenée 16. En variante de réalisation, il est possible de prévoir un ou plusieurs moyen de contrôle de présence de fil, similaire au moyen de contrôle de présence de fil 2', à plusieurs endroits du conduit d'amenée 16 jusqu'à la tête d'impression 11 en fonction des choix techniques effectués pour l'impression d'une pièce 29 par le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. - One or more motors 15 for supplying one or more printing materials in the form of son of the reel 2 to the print head 11 in a precise manner. The motors 15 are connected to be controlled by the control and control means 4. The motors 15 allow the printing material to be driven in the form of a wire within a conduit or supply tube 16. As an alternative embodiment , it is possible to provide one or more wire presence control means, similar to the wire presence control means 2 ', at several points of the supply line 16 to the print head 11 as a function of technical choices made for the printing of a part 29 by the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention.
- une tête d'impression 11. - a print head 11.
La tête d'impression 11 comporte une première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13. Elle comporte en outre un tube de descente de fil 14 et un inducteur 12. Le tube de descente de fil 14 est directement connecté au conduit d'amenée 16 du
matériau d'impression sous forme de fil. Le tube de descente de fil 14 forme, avec le conduit d'amenée 16, les moteurs 15 et le dévidoir 2, des moyens d'alimentation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. Le tube de descente de fil 14 comporte une extrémité ouverte 141 formant une sortie du matériau d'impression sous forme de fil des moyens d'alimentation. La première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 englobe ici le tube de descente de fil 14 et comporte une sortie d'éjection 31 qui éjecte le gaz inerte au niveau de la sortie 141 des moyens d'alimentation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. La première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 peut, en variante de réalisation, comprendre un système de refroidissement. La première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 est connectée fluidiquement aux moyens de stockage de gaz inerte 2 via un deuxième poste de détente 21. Ainsi, la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 permet une diffusion de gaz inerte vers une zone en fusion 29' du matériau d'impression sous forme de fil. La première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 permet une maîtrise de l'environnement atmosphérique, ainsi contrôlé, de la zone de fusion 29'. La présence de gaz inerte dans cet environnement permet d'éviter une modification ou la dégradation du matériau d'impression en fusion, par oxydation par exemple. The printhead 11 comprises a first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13. It further comprises a wire descent tube 14 and an inductor 12. The wire descent tube 14 is directly connected to the supply duct 16 of the printing material in wire form. The wire descent tube 14 forms, with the supply duct 16, the motors 15 and the reel 2, feeding means of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. The wire down tube 14 has an open end 141 forming an output of the wire print material of the feed means. The first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 here includes the wire down tube 14 and has an ejection outlet 31 which ejects the inert gas at the outlet 141 of the three-dimensional printing device supply means. according to the invention. The first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 may, as an alternative embodiment, comprise a cooling system. The first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 is fluidly connected to the inert gas storage means 2 via a second expansion station 21. Thus, the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 allows an inert gas to be diffused towards a melting zone. 29 'of the printing material in wire form. The first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 makes it possible to control the atmospheric environment, thus controlled, of the melting zone 29 '. The presence of inert gas in this environment makes it possible to avoid a modification or degradation of the melt printing material, for example by oxidation.
Au surplus, le tube de descente de fil 14 est éventuellement refroidi, si besoin est, par un système de refroidissement (non représenté) comme un réseau d'eau ou tout autre fluide caloriporteur . L'inducteur 12 est monté, ici, de manière étanche sur une périphérie externe de la sortie d'éjection 31 de la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13. L'inducteur 12 se trouve ainsi légèrement sous la sortie 141 du tube de descente de fil
14. L'inducteur 12 peut comporter ou non des matériaux magnéto diélectriques permettant de maîtriser une forme du flux magnétique généré ainsi que de piloter la concentration du flux magnétique qu'il génère en fonctionnement à l'endroit souhaité. L'inducteur 12 peut présenter différentes formes. Une première forme entoure le tube de descentes de fil 14 au niveau de la sortie d'éjection de la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13. Une deuxième forme possible permet à l'inducteur 12 de s'étendre uniquement devant la sortie 141 du tube de descente de fil 14 lors d'une avancée de la tête d'impression 11 du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention par rapport à la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29, l'inducteur 12 pouvant présenté une forme de « U » positionnée à 90° par rapport à une direction d'avancée de la tête d'impression 11. Une troisième forme possible est une forme de fer à cheval se positionnant devant et en partie autour de la sortie 141 du tube de descente 14. D'autres solutions de forme sont possibles. L'inducteur 12 peut être positionné devant et/ou derrière le dépôt de fil. L'inducteur 12 est commandé par un dispositif d'induction 9 auquel il est relié. Le dispositif d'induction est lui-même piloté par les moyens de contrôle et de pilotage auquel il est relié. Il est aussi possible, selon les choix techniques effectués, de disposer d'un ou plusieurs inducteurs 12 et d'un ou plusieurs dispositif d'induction 9 soit devant, derrière, sur les côtés de la tête d'impression 11 du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention, cette solution permettant, en fonction des impressions réalisées, de faire varier les températures souhaitées sur la zone de fusion 29' du matériau d'impression en forme de fil et sur la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29.
D'autre part, afin de protéger la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29 lors de son échauffement par l'inducteur 12, et donc de la mettre dans une atmosphère contrôlée comprenant un gaz inerte, il est possible de créer un nouveau réseau de gaz inerte similaire à celui de la première buse de diffusion de gaz 13, ladite première buse de diffusion de gaz 13 ainsi que l'inducteur 12 se trouvant donc à l'intérieur de nouveau réseau de gaz inerte. A cette fin, la tête d'impression 11 du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention comprend une deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 comportant une sortie d'éjection 80 de gaz inerte qui permet une éjection de gaz inerte préalablement à la chauffe par l'inducteur 12. La deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 est connectée fluidiquement aux moyens de stockage de gaz inerte 1 via un troisième poste de détente 21'. Le gaz inerte est alors projeter autour et sur la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours de réalisation 29. Ainsi, la deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 fournit un circuit de diffusion du gaz autour de la partie extérieure de l'inducteur 12, permettant de disposer d'une atmosphère contrôlée de gaz inerte autour de la tête d'impression 11 du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. La deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 peut, en variante de réalisation, comprendre un système de refroidissement. In addition, the wire down tube 14 is optionally cooled, if necessary, by a cooling system (not shown) such as a water network or other heat transfer fluid. The inductor 12 is mounted here in a sealed manner on an outer periphery of the ejection outlet 31 of the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13. The inductor 12 is thus slightly below the exit 141 of the downcomer wire 14. The inductor 12 may or may not include magneto-dielectric materials making it possible to control a shape of the magnetic flux generated as well as to control the concentration of the magnetic flux that it generates during operation at the desired location. The inductor 12 may have different shapes. A first shape surrounds the wire down tube 14 at the ejection outlet of the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13. A second possible form allows the inductor 12 to extend only in front of the exit 141 of the wire down tube 14 during an advance of the print head 11 of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention with respect to the part being produced 29, the inductor 12 may have a shape of "U" positioned at 90 ° with respect to a direction of advance of the print head 11. A third possible form is a horseshoe shape positioned in front of and partly around the exit 141 of the downcomer 14. Other form solutions are possible. The inductor 12 may be positioned in front of and / or behind the wire deposit. The inductor 12 is controlled by an induction device 9 to which it is connected. The induction device is itself controlled by the control and control means to which it is connected. It is also possible, depending on the technical choices made, to have one or more inductors 12 and one or more induction devices 9 in front of, behind, on the sides of the print head 11 of the device. three-dimensional printing according to the invention, this solution making it possible, depending on the impressions made, to vary the desired temperatures on the melting zone 29 'of the wire-shaped printing material and on the part being produced. 29. On the other hand, in order to protect the workpiece 29 during its heating by the inductor 12, and thus to put it in a controlled atmosphere comprising an inert gas, it is possible to create a new gas network. inert similar to that of the first gas diffusion nozzle 13, said first gas diffusion nozzle 13 and the inductor 12 thus being inside a new inert gas network. For this purpose, the print head 11 of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises a second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 having an inert gas ejection outlet 80 which allows an inert gas ejection beforehand. at the heating by the inductor 12. The second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 is fluidly connected to the inert gas storage means 1 via a third expansion station 21 '. The inert gas is then projected around and on the deposition zone 40 of the part being produced. Thus, the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 provides a gas diffusion circuit around the outside of the inductor. 12, to provide a controlled atmosphere of inert gas around the print head 11 of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. The second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 may, as an alternative embodiment, comprise a cooling system.
De plus, le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention comporte un générateur de courant 6 qui permet de fournir un courant continu avec un faible ou fort ampérage. Il est relié au tube de descente de fil 14 et contrôlé par les moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4 afin de maîtriser le voltage et 1 'ampérage demandés. Si nécessaire, le générateur de courant 6 peut aussi fournir un courant alternatif. Le générateur de courant 6 est relié depuis une de ses bornes au
tube de descente de fil 14 par un premier câble dédié et depuis l'autre de ses bornes à la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29 par un deuxième câble dédié. Ainsi, le courant généré par le générateur de courant 6 traverse le matériau d'impression sous forme de fil afin de mettre ledit matériau d'impression sous forme de fil en fusion au moins au niveau de la zone de fusion 29', ce dernier se solidifiant aussitôt au point de la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29 : le tube de descente de fil 14 est alimenté en courant par le générateur de courant 6 et transfère ce courant dans le matériau d'impression sous forme de fil afin de réaliser sa montée finale en température vers une température de fusion au point de contact avec la pièce 29 dudit matériau d'impression sous forme de fil utilisé. Cela est possible si le matériau d'impression est un matériau au moins conducteur de courant électrique . In addition, the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises a current generator 6 which makes it possible to supply a direct current with a low or high amperage. It is connected to the wire down tube 14 and controlled by the control and control means 4 to control the voltage and amperage required. If necessary, the current generator 6 can also provide an alternating current. The current generator 6 is connected from one of its terminals to wire down tube 14 by a first dedicated cable and from the other of its terminals to the part being developed 29 by a second dedicated cable. Thus, the current generated by the current generator 6 passes through the printing material in the form of a wire so as to put the printing material in the form of wire at least at the melting zone 29 ', the latter being solidifying immediately at the point of the deposition zone 40 of the part being produced 29: the wire down tube 14 is supplied with current by the current generator 6 and transfers this current into the printing material in the form of wire to achieve its final temperature rise to a melting temperature at the point of contact with the workpiece 29 of said wire-like printing material used. This is possible if the printing material is at least an electrical conductor material.
Afin de pouvoir avoir un contrôle optimal du dépôt de filament fondu ou en fusion de la zone de fusion 29' sur la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29, le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention comporte des moyens de mesures thermiques. Un premier capteur thermique 5 permet, si besoin, de mesurer une température du matériau d'impression au niveau de la sortie 141 du tube de descentes de fil 14. Le capteur 5 peut aussi être utilisé alternativement pour mesurer une température du dépôt suite au passage du fil fondu et fusionné à la pièce 29. Un deuxième capteur thermique 8 permet une mesure d'une température de la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29 juste avant la zone de dépose 40 dans le sens d'une avancée de la tête d'impression 11. Ces deux mesures thermiques ainsi réalisées par les deux capteurs thermiques 5 et 8 permettent le contrôle de la température générée par l'inducteur 12 (et son dispositif d'induction 9)
et le générateur de courant 6 via les moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4. Pour cela, chacun des capteurs thermiques est relié aux moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4. De plus, chacun des capteurs thermiques 5,8 comporte une alimentation dédiée 3,10. In order to be able to have an optimal control of the deposition of molten or molten filament of the melting zone 29 'on the deposition zone 40 of the part being produced 29, the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises means of thermal measurements. A first thermal sensor 5 makes it possible, if necessary, to measure a temperature of the printing material at the outlet 141 of the wire down tube 14. The sensor 5 can also be used alternately to measure a temperature of the deposit following the passage of the melted wire and fused to the workpiece 29. A second thermal sensor 8 allows a measurement of a temperature of the workpiece being produced 29 just before the deposition zone 40 in the direction of an advance of the head of the workpiece. 11. These two thermal measurements thus made by the two thermal sensors 5 and 8 allow the control of the temperature generated by the inductor 12 (and its induction device 9). and the current generator 6 via the control and control means 4. For this, each of the thermal sensors is connected to the control and control means 4. In addition, each of the thermal sensors 5, 8 has a dedicated power supply 3, 10.
Au surplus, une mesure de distance de la tête d'impression 11 avec la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29 est réalisée par un dispositif de mesure 20 au plus près d'un point de pose de la zone de dépose 40 du matériau d'impression en fusion, ce dispositif de mesure 20 est connecté aux moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4. Cela permet de maîtriser la distance si besoin est entre la tête d'impression 11 et la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29. In addition, a distance measurement of the print head 11 with the deposition area 40 of the workpiece 29 being produced is performed by a measuring device 20 as close as possible to a laying point of the work zone. depositing 40 of the melt printing material, this measuring device 20 is connected to the control and control means 4. This makes it possible to control the distance, if necessary, between the print head 11 and the part being produced. 29.
L'ensemble des éléments de la tête d'impression 11 et 110 décrits ci-dessus ont la possibilité d'être montés de manière à leurs données une solution rotative ensemble ou séparément afin d'optimiser la fabrication de la pièce en construction. All the elements of the print head 11 and 110 described above have the possibility of being mounted to their data a rotating solution together or separately to optimize the manufacture of the part under construction.
Grâce au dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention qui vient d'être décrit, nous disposons d'une mise à température prédéterminée de la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29 par l'inducteur 12. Ce dernier chauffe la pièce en construction 29 à la température permettant l'apport de fil et la fusion entre les deux au niveau de la zone de dépose 40. L'inducteur 12permet aussi de chauffer le matériau d'impression sous forme de fil au niveau de la zone de fusion 29'. Ce chauffage est complété par un chauffage résistif par le transfert du courant fourni par le générateur de courant 6 du tube de descente 14 vers la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29 lors d'un contact avec celle-ci du matériau d'impression en fusion. Les différentes températures ainsi obtenues permettent une maîtrise de la position de la zone de fusion 29' avec la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en
cours d'élaboration 29. La régulation des différents systèmes de chauffe permet de garantir une forme optimale et continue de la dépose de matériau d'impression. En particulier, suite à la dépose du matériau d'impression sous forme de fil en fusion, la matière déposée se fige. Dans le mode de réalisation illustré à la figure 1, l'inducteur 12, dans sa partie se trouvant en arrière de la dépose par rapport à l'avancée de la tête d'impression 11 ralentit la baisse des gradients de températures de la matière déposée sur la pièce en cours d'élaboration en aval de la zone de dépose 40 selon l'avancée de la tête d'impression. L'inducteur 12, à ce niveau peut permettre une nouvelle fusion momentanée de la couche de matériau d'impression ainsi déposé afin d'optimiser sa cohésion et ou une vitesse de refroidissement de la couche déposée. Dans une variante, l'inducteur 12 se trouve uniquement devant : il préchauffe ainsi la matière par induction et génère la fusion au moment de l'apport de fil en secondant l'apport de chaleur issue du générateur de courant 6. Thanks to the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention which has just been described, we have a predetermined temperature setting of the deposition zone 40 of the part being produced 29 by the inductor 12. The latter heats the part in construction 29 to the temperature permitting the supply of wire and the fusion between the two at the drop zone 40. The inductor 12 also makes it possible to heat the printing material in the form of wire at the level of of the melting zone 29 '. This heating is completed by a resistive heating by the transfer of the current supplied by the current generator 6 of the downcomer tube 14 to the part being produced 29 when a contact with the latter of the melt printing material . The different temperatures thus obtained make it possible to control the position of the melting zone 29 'with the deposition zone 40 of the part in question. 29. The regulation of different heating systems ensures an optimal and continuous form of removal of printing material. In particular, following the removal of the printing material in the form of molten wire, the deposited material freezes. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the inductor 12, in its part lying behind the removal relative to the advance of the print head 11, slows down the temperature gradients of the deposited material. on the workpiece being developed downstream of the deposition area 40 according to the advance of the print head. The inductor 12 at this level may allow a new momentary melting of the layer of printing material thus deposited to optimize cohesion and or a cooling rate of the deposited layer. In a variant, the inductor 12 is only in front of: it thus preheats the material by induction and generates the melting at the moment of the supply of wire by seconding the heat input from the current generator 6.
De manière générale, la tête d'impression 11 du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention est utilisée afin de déposer le matériau d'impression en fusion à la verticale ou sous un angle donner par rapport à un parcours et à l'avancée de la tête d'impression 11 sur la pièce en cours d'élaboration. Dans le cas illustré à la figure 1, cette position est à 90° mais pourrait varier jusqu'à 45° sur tous les angles et axes souhaités en fonction de la technique d'apport et de l'avancé de la tête d'impression 11. Cette possibilité implique de pouvoir modifier la forme et l'agencement de la tête d'impression 11 et donc de modifier l'emplacement du tube de descente de fil 14, de l'inducteur 12, des différentes buses de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 et 51,
des capteurs thermiques 5 et 8 et du dispositif de mesure 20. En particulier, l'inducteur 12 peut être mis soit devant, derrière la dépose du fil en fusion sur la zone de dépose 40. Au surplus, le gaz inerte projeté par la buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 peut être orienté au niveau de la sortie d'éjection 31 pour obtenir un sens de projection dudit gaz inerte dans un sens d'avancée de la tête d'impression 11, impliquant une rotation du flux de gaz inerte projeté au niveau de la sortie d'éjection 31 par la buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13. Pour cela, la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 est orientable. Le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention peut être démultiplié afin de déposer plusieurs matériaux d'impression sous forme de fil en même temps, avec un ou plusieurs systèmes inductifs 9,12 en fonction des choix retenus. Le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention permet aussi des assemblages de matériaux différents et de caractéristiques techniques mécaniques différents soit en utilisant une ce tête d'impression soit avec une tête d'impression associant plusieurs fils. S'il y a plusieurs fils de matériau d'impression, il y aura plusieurs systèmes d'apport et de contrôle . In general, the print head 11 of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention is used to deposit the melt printing material vertically or at a given angle with respect to a path and distance. advance of the print head 11 on the part being worked. In the case illustrated in Figure 1, this position is 90 ° but could vary up to 45 ° on all angles and desired axes depending on the technique of supply and the advanced printhead 11 This possibility involves being able to modify the shape and arrangement of the print head 11 and thus to modify the location of the wire down tube 14, the inductor 12, the different inert gas diffusion nozzles 13 and 51, thermal sensors 5 and 8 and the measuring device 20. In particular, the inductor 12 can be put either in front of, behind the removal of the molten wire on the deposition zone 40. In addition, the inert gas sprayed by the nozzle inert gas diffusion system 13 can be oriented at the ejection outlet 31 to obtain a direction of projection of said inert gas in a direction of advance of the print head 11, involving a rotation of the projected inert gas flow at the ejection outlet 31 by the inert gas diffusion nozzle 13. For this purpose, the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 is orientable. The three-dimensional printing device according to the invention can be demultiplied in order to deposit several printing materials in wire form at the same time, with one or more inductive systems 9, 12 depending on the choices selected. The three-dimensional printing device according to the invention also allows assemblies of different materials and different mechanical technical characteristics either by using a print head or with a printing head associating several son. If there are several threads of printing material, there will be several delivery and control systems.
Dans ce mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention, l'ensemble des éléments se trouvant connectés à la tête d'impression 11, à savoir les première 13 et deuxième 51 buses de diffusion d'un gaz inerte, le tube de descente de fil 14, les moteurs 15 et le dévidoir 2 sont sous atmosphère contrôlée avec une pression maîtrisée par les postes de détente 19, 21 et 21'. In this embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention, all the elements being connected to the print head 11, namely the first 13 and second 51 nozzles for diffusion of an inert gas , the wire down tube 14, the motors 15 and the reel 2 are in a controlled atmosphere with a pressure controlled by the expansion stations 19, 21 and 21 '.
II est à noter qu'en variante de réalisation, un environnement de construction d'une pièce 29 peut se trouver dans une enceinte fermée (non représentée) remplie de gaz inerte dont la spécificité diffère en fonction du matériau d'impression
choisi. Dans la mesure où cette enceinte fermée est remplie de gaz inerte et peut être couplée à un système de recyclage des gaz intégré afin de disposer d'une atmosphère de pureté optimale de gaz inerte sur la zone de fusion 29' et de son environnement proche ainsi que sur la zone de dépose 40 du matériau d'impression en fusion sur la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29. It should be noted that, as an alternative embodiment, a construction environment of a part 29 may be in a closed chamber (not shown) filled with inert gas whose specificity differs according to the printing material. selected. Insofar as this closed chamber is filled with inert gas and can be coupled to an integrated gas recycling system in order to have an atmosphere of optimum purity of inert gas on the melting zone 29 'and its surrounding environment and only on the dispensing zone 40 of the molten printing material on the part being produced 29.
En référence la figure 2, nous allons maintenant décrire un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention utilisant ici un matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre. Les éléments communs de ce mode de réalisation avec le mode de réalisation précédent portent les mêmes références et ne seront pas décrits de nouveau en détails ci-après. Le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon le principe d'apport de poudre figure 2 comporte : Referring to Figure 2, we will now describe a second embodiment of a three-dimensional printing device according to the invention using here a printing material in powder form. The common elements of this embodiment with the previous embodiment bear the same references and will not be described again in detail hereinafter. The three-dimensional printing device according to the principle of adding powder FIG. 2 comprises:
- les moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4 ; the control and control means 4;
- les moyens de stockage 1 de gaz inerte permettant de générer une atmosphère contrôlée de gaz inerte au niveau de la dépose du matériau en fusion 29' sur une pièce 29 en cours d'élaboration ; - The inert gas storage means 1 for generating a controlled atmosphere of inert gas at the deposition of the melt material 29 'on a part 29 being developed;
- des moyens d'aspiration 18 du matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre, par exemple un système Venturi, reliés via le poste de détente 19 aux moyens de stockage 1 de gaz inerte. - Suction means 18 of the printing material in powder form, for example a Venturi system, connected via the expansion station 19 to the storage means 1 of inert gas.
- un réservoir de poudre 17 comportant du matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre, le réservoir de poudre 17 étant relié au moyens d'aspiration 18 afin de permettant un mélange de gaz inerte et de matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre, le gaz inerte servant alors de gaz propulseur du matériau d'impression sous
forme de poudre dans un conduit d'amenée 22. Cela permet de plus, dès le début, de mettre le matériau d'impression sous forme de fil dans une atmosphère contrôlée de gaz inerte. Le réservoir de poudre 17 dispose, à sa sortie entre le réservoir de poudre 17 et les moyens d'aspiration 18, un système de mesure d'une quantité de poudre 50 restante dans le réservoir de poudre 17. Le système de mesure 50 est équipé d'une vanne de coupure permettant l'arrêt de l'impression et isolant le réservoir de poudre 17 des moyens d'aspiration 18. Pour cela, le système de mesure 50 est connecté aux moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4. a powder reservoir 17 comprising printing material in the form of powder, the powder reservoir 17 being connected to the suction means 18 in order to allow a mixture of inert gas and printing material in the form of a powder, the inert gas then serving as propellant of the printing material under In addition, from the start, this makes it possible to put the printing material in the form of a wire in a controlled atmosphere of inert gas. The powder reservoir 17 has, at its outlet between the powder reservoir 17 and the suction means 18, a system for measuring a quantity of powder 50 remaining in the powder reservoir 17. The measuring system 50 is equipped with a shut-off valve for stopping the printing and insulating the powder reservoir 17 of the suction means 18. For this, the measuring system 50 is connected to the control and control means 4.
Une tête d'impression 110. La tête d'impression 110 est très similaire dans sa structure que la tête d'impression 11 précédemment décrite en relation avec le premier mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. Ainsi, la tête d'impression 110 comporte la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13. Elle comporte en outre un tube de descente de poudre 25 et un inducteur 27. Le tube de descente de poudre 25 est directement connecté au conduit d'amenée 22 du matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre. Le tube de descente de poudre 25 forme, avec le conduit d'amenée 22, les moyens d'aspiration 18 et le réservoir de poudre 17, des moyens d'alimentation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. Le tube de descente de poudre 25 comporte, à une extrémité ouverte inférieure sur la figure 2, une buse de projection 26 formant une sortie du matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre des moyens d'alimentation. La première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 englobe ici le tube de descente de poudre 24 et la buse de projection 26 et comporte la sortie d'éjection 31 qui éjecte le gaz inerte au niveau
d'une sortie 261 de la buse de projection 26 des moyens d'alimentation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. La première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 peut, en variante de réalisation, comprendre un système de refroidissement. La première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 est connectée fluidiquement aux moyens de stockage de gaz inerte 2 via le deuxième poste de détente 21. Ainsi, la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 permet une diffusion de gaz inerte vers la zone en fusion 29' du matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre. La première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 permet une maîtrise de l'environnement atmosphérique, ainsi contrôlé, de la zone de fusion 29' et de la zone de dépose 40. La présence de gaz inerte dans cet environnement permet d'éviter une modification ou la dégradation du matériau d'impression en fusion, par oxydation par exemple. Au surplus, le tube de descente de poudre 25 et éventuellement la buse de projection 26 sont éventuellement refroidis, si besoin est, par un système de refroidissement (non représenté) comme un réseau d'eau ou tout autre fluide caloriporteur. A print head 110. The print head 110 is very similar in structure to the print head 11 previously described in connection with the first embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. Thus, the print head 110 comprises the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13. It further comprises a powder descent tube 25 and an inductor 27. The powder descent tube 25 is directly connected to the supply duct 22 of the printing material in powder form. The powder descent tube 25 forms, with the supply duct 22, the suction means 18 and the powder reservoir 17, means for feeding the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. The powder descent tube 25 has, at a lower open end in FIG. 2, a projection nozzle 26 forming an output of the printing material in powder form of the supply means. The first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 here includes the powder down tube 24 and the jet nozzle 26 and has the ejection outlet 31 which ejects the inert gas at the an outlet 261 of the projection nozzle 26 means for feeding the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. The first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 may, as an alternative embodiment, comprise a cooling system. The first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 is fluidly connected to the inert gas storage means 2 via the second expansion station 21. Thus, the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 allows inert gas to be diffused towards the melting zone. 29 'of the printing material in powder form. The first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 makes it possible to control the atmospheric environment, thus controlled, of the melting zone 29 'and of the deposition zone 40. The presence of inert gas in this environment makes it possible to avoid a modification. or the degradation of the melt printing material, for example by oxidation. In addition, the powder descent tube 25 and optionally the spray nozzle 26 are optionally cooled, if necessary, by a cooling system (not shown) such as a water network or other heat transfer fluid.
En variante, la buse de projection 26 peut avoir une géométrie variable en fonction de la forme souhaitée de dépose et de la distance avec la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29. En variante supplémentaire, la buse de projection 26 peut avoir une géométrie variable robotisée afin de faire varier la forme de projection choisie ainsi que de maîtriser la distance avec la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29. La buse de projection 26 est de préférence centrée avec l'inducteur 27 que nous allons maintenant décrire. As a variant, the projection nozzle 26 may have a variable geometry depending on the desired shape of removal and the distance with the removal zone 40 of the part being produced. As a further variant, the projection nozzle 26 may have a robotic variable geometry in order to vary the chosen projection shape as well as to control the distance with the removal zone 40 of the workpiece being produced 29. The projection nozzle 26 is preferably centered with the inductor 27 that we will now describe.
L'inducteur 27 est monté, ici, de manière étanche sur une périphérie externe de la sortie d'éjection 31 de la première
buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13. L'inducteur 27 se trouve ainsi légèrement sous la sortie 261 de la buse de projection 26 du tube de descente de poudre 25. L'inducteur 27 peut comporter ou non des matériaux magnéto diélectriques permettant de maîtriser une forme du flux magnétique généré ainsi que de piloter la concentration du flux magnétique qu'il génère en fonctionnement à l'endroit souhaité. L'inducteur 27 peut présenter différentes formes comme l'inducteur 12 précédemment décrit dans le cas de la tête d'impression 11 du premier mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. L'inducteur 27 est commandé par un dispositif d'induction 34 auquel il est relié. Le dispositif d'induction 34 est lui-même piloté par les moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4 auquel il est relié. The inductor 27 is mounted here in a sealed manner on an outer periphery of the ejection outlet 31 of the first 13. The inductor 27 is thus slightly below the outlet 261 of the spray nozzle 26 of the powder descent tube 25. The inductor 27 may or may not include magneto-dielectric materials to control a shape of the magnetic flux generated as well as control the concentration of the magnetic flux it generates in operation at the desired location. The inductor 27 may have different shapes such as the inductor 12 previously described in the case of the print head 11 of the first embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. The inductor 27 is controlled by an induction device 34 to which it is connected. The induction device 34 is itself controlled by the control and control means 4 to which it is connected.
la tête d'impression 110 du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention comprend la deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 comportant une sortie d'éjection 81 de gaz inerte qui permet une éjection de gaz inerte préalablement à la chauffe par l'inducteur 27. La deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 est connectée fluidiquement aux moyens de stockage de gaz inerte 1 via un troisième poste de détente 21'. Le gaz inerte est alors projeter autour et sur la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours de réalisation 29. Ainsi, la deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 fournit un circuit de diffusion du gaz autour de la partie extérieure de l'inducteur 27, permettant de disposer d'une atmosphère contrôlée de gaz inerte autour de la tête d'impression 110 du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. La deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 peut, en variante de réalisation, comprendre un système de refroidissement. Ici, dans ce mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention, la deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 comporte un
deuxième inducteur 28. La forme et la position du deuxième inducteur 28 permet de préchauffer la zone de dépose 40 en amont de la dépose de matériau d'impression fondu et de contrôler le refroidissement de cette même zone de dépose en aval de la dépose de matériau d'impression fondu, et cela selon l'avancée de la tête d'impression 110. Le deuxième inducteur 28 peut être positionné devant uniquement afin de réaliser le préchauffage. D'autres solutions sont possibles : le deuxième inducteur 28 comporte une première partie devant et une deuxième partie derrière. Le deuxième inducteur 28 est commandé par un dispositif d'induction 9 auquel il est relié. Le dispositif d'induction 9 est lui-même piloté par les moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4 auquel il est relié. Toutefois, dans ce deuxième mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention, les formes des inducteurs 27 et 28 , ainsi que les première 13 et deuxième 51 buses de diffusion de gaz inerte, permettent en plus de maîtriser le centrage et la dispersion du matériau d'impression sou forme de poudre entre la buse de projection 26 et la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29. La buse de projection 26 projette un flux de gaz inerte et de matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre vers la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29. La première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 confine le gaz inerte et le matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre 30 vers la direction souhaitée de la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29, afin de maîtriser la dispersion de la poudre allant vers la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29. En variante, le gaz inerte diffusé par la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 oriente la projection de poudre vers un point idéal du champ magnétique de l'inducteur 27 pour
réaliser une fusion 29' du matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre . the printing head 110 of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 comprising an inert gas ejection outlet 81 which allows an ejection of inert gas prior to heating by the inductor 27. The second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 is fluidly connected to the inert gas storage means 1 via a third expansion station 21 '. The inert gas is then projected around and on the deposition zone 40 of the part being produced. Thus, the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 provides a gas diffusion circuit around the outside of the inductor. 27, allowing to have a controlled atmosphere of inert gas around the print head 110 of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. The second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 may, as an alternative embodiment, comprise a cooling system. Here, in this embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention, the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 comprises a second inductor 28. The shape and the position of the second inductor 28 makes it possible to preheat the deposit zone 40 upstream of the depositing of molten printing material and to control the cooling of this same depositing zone downstream of the deposition of material the second inductor 28 can be positioned in front only in order to carry out the preheating. Other solutions are possible: the second inductor 28 has a first part in front and a second part behind. The second inductor 28 is controlled by an induction device 9 to which it is connected. The induction device 9 is itself controlled by the control and control means 4 to which it is connected. However, in this second embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention, the shapes of the inductors 27 and 28, as well as the first 13 and second 51 inert gas diffusion nozzles, also make it possible to control the centering and dispersing the powder-like printing material between the spraying nozzle 26 and the workpiece being produced 29. The spraying nozzle 26 projects a flow of inert gas and printing material in the form of powder to the dispensing zone 40 of the workpiece in progress 29. The first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 confines the inert gas and the powdery printing material 30 to the desired direction of the dispensing zone 40 of the part under development 29, in order to control the dispersion of the powder going towards the part being produced. In a variant, the inert gas diffused by the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 directs the pro injection of powder to an ideal point of the magnetic field of the inductor 27 for performing a melting 29 'of the printing material in powder form.
Afin de préserver un flux de poudre linéaire et homogène, le deuxième apport de gaz inerte par la deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 vient contenir la déformation du flux de poudre due par l'action de l'inducteur 27. Dans cette configuration, l'inducteur 28 n'interfère pas avec le matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre à sa sortie de tête d'impression 110 et au moment du contact avec la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29, car le matériau d'impression est en fondu ou en fusion 29'. La deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 51 distribue un apport de gaz inerte sous l'inducteur 27 et en périphérie de la zone d'impression. Une distance du tube de descentes de poudre 25 sur lequel est montée la buse de projection 26 et le deuxième inducteur 28 peut varier en fonction des choix et caractéristiques techniques du matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre utilisé. Le but est de ne pas faire subir de contraintes comme la répulsion magnétique aux matériaux lors de leur sortie du dispositif de descente ou de projection pour effectuer leur cheminement vers la pièce en construction, contrainte issue du champ magnétique du dispositif inductif en fonctionnement. In order to preserve a linear and homogeneous powder flow, the second supply of inert gas by the second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 comes to contain the deformation of the powder flow due to the action of the inductor 27. In this configuration, the inductor 28 does not interfere with the printing material in the form of powder at its output from the printing head 110 and at the moment of contact with the part being produced 29, because the printing material is in melted or melted 29 '. The second inert gas diffusion nozzle 51 distributes a supply of inert gas under the inductor 27 and at the periphery of the printing zone. A distance from the powder down tube 25 on which the projection nozzle 26 and the second inductor 28 are mounted may vary depending on the choices and technical characteristics of the powder printing material used. The aim is not to subject constraints such as magnetic repulsion to the materials when they exit the descent or projection device to make their way to the part under construction, stress from the magnetic field of the inductive device in operation.
Le deuxième mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention permet de chauffer le matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre avec l'inducteur 27 et de chauffer la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29 avec l'inducteur 28, les deux températures obtenue avec les deux inducteurs permet la fusion du matériau apporté 29' sur la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29. The second embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention makes it possible to heat the printing material in powder form with the inductor 27 and to heat the part being produced 29 with the inductor 28. , the two temperatures obtained with the two inductors allows the melting of the supplied material 29 'on the part being produced 29.
En effet, suite à la projection par la buse de projection 26 et de la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 d'un mélange de gaz/poudre et de gaz inerte (sortie 31), le
matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre subit un échauffement par l'inducteur 27 utilisant ou non un matériau magnéto diélectriques permettant la concentration du flux magnétique à l'endroit souhaité (29') faisant passer son point de fusion au matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre. Dans un deuxième temps, le matériau d'impression en fusion subit l'effet de l'inducteur 28 utilisant ou non un matériaux magnéto diélectriques permettant la concentration du flux magnétique à l'endroit souhaité dont l'orientation de travail lui permet de chauffer la pièce en construction 29 et accessoirement ou non le matériau d'impression fondu descendant en fonction de sa distances avec l'inducteur 28. Lors de la mise en contact du matériau d'impression fondu avec la zone de dépose 40 de la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29, la variation de température entre la zone de dépose 40 (sous son point de fusion) et le matériau d'impression fondu (au-dessus de son point de fusion) génère une association optimale du matériau d'impression déposé sur la pièce. Comme précédemment, plusieurs mesures thermiques sont associées au dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention, permettant de maîtriser le processus : une première mesure thermique 5 mesure la température du matériau d'impression sous forme de poudre en fusion 30 suite à son passage dans l'inducteur 27, une deuxième mesure de température 8 est réalisée sur la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29 juste avant la mise en contact d'un matériau d'impression fondu 29' avec la pièce en cours d'élaboration 29. Indeed, following the projection by the projection nozzle 26 and the first inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 of a mixture of gas / powder and inert gas (outlet 31), the powder-like printing material is heated by the inductor 27, whether or not using a magneto-dielectric material, for concentrating the magnetic flux at the desired location (29 ') passing its melting point to the printing material under powder form. In a second step, the melt printing material undergoes the effect of the inductor 28 using or not magnetoelectric materials allowing the concentration of the magnetic flux at the desired location whose work orientation allows it to heat the component 29 and incidentally or not the molten printing material descending as a function of its distance from the inductor 28. When contacting the molten printing material with the removal zone 40 of the part in progress 29, the variation in temperature between the dispensing zone 40 (below its melting point) and the molten printing material (above its melting point) generates an optimal combination of the printing material deposited on the room. As previously, several thermal measurements are associated with the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention, making it possible to control the process: a first thermal measurement 5 measures the temperature of the printing material in the form of molten powder 30 as a result of its passage in the inductor 27, a second temperature measurement 8 is performed on the part being produced 29 just before contacting a molten printing material 29 'with the part being produced 29.
Dans ce mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention, l'ensemble des éléments se trouvant connectés à la tête d'impression 110, à savoir les première 13 et deuxième 51 buses de diffusion de gaz inerte, le tube de descente de poudre 25, le conduit d'amenée 22 ainsi que les réservoir de poudre 17, les moyens d'aspiration 18 et
le système de mesure d'une quantité de poudre 50, sont sous atmosphère contrôlée avec une pression maîtrisée par les postes de détente 19, 21 et 21'. Nous venons de décrire le deuxième mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention avec deux inducteurs 27 et 28. Toutefois, le nombre d'inducteurs utilisé ainsi que leur positionnement, leur forme et l'utilisation ou non de matériaux magnéto diélectriques est fonction des choix technique choisis et peuvent varier. Au surplus, le deuxième mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention peut compter autant de moyens inductifs, d'apports de gaz, de systèmes de refroidissement, de buses de projection que de tête d'impression. In this embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention, all the elements being connected to the print head 110, namely the first 13 and second 51 inert gas diffusion nozzles, the powder descent tube 25, the supply duct 22 as well as the powder reservoir 17, the suction means 18 and the system for measuring a quantity of powder 50 is in a controlled atmosphere with a pressure controlled by the expansion stations 19, 21 and 21 '. We have just described the second embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention with two inductors 27 and 28. However, the number of inductors used as well as their positioning, their shape and the use or not of Magneto dielectric materials is a function of the chosen technical choices and may vary. In addition, the second embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention can include as many inductive means, gas inputs, cooling systems, spray nozzles and printhead.
Dans ce qui précède, les différents inducteurs 12, 27, 28 peuvent être mono spires ou multi spires. Dans le cas d'un inducteur 27 en multi spires, les apports de gaz inerte par les sorties 31 et 81 devront permettre, par exemple, de maîtriser la dispersion de la poudre due au champ magnétique au travers les différentes spires si l'inducteur 27 et les matériaux qui lui sont associés génèrent des cylindres fermés entre les spires. Les moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4 commandent les dispositifs d'inductions pour alimenter leur inducteur associé avec un courant alternatif de 1Hz à 30 MHz. D'autre part, les différents inducteurs 12, 27, 28 présentent des formes de sorte obtenir des champs inductifs optimaux qui génèrent un ensemble de forces sur le matériau d'impression entre l'extrémité ouverte 141 du tube de descente de fil 14, ou la sortie 261 de la buse de projection 26, selon le mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention considéré, et la zone de dépose 40 sur la
pièce en cours d'élaboration 29. Dans le cas de plusieurs inducteurs, leurs formes peuvent être associées les unes aux autres de sorte à encore améliorer le champ inductif global obtenu. Les champs magnétiques ainsi obtenus permettent, via les forces de Lorentz, de tenir en forme le matériau d'impression chauffé ainsi que celui déjà déposé sur la zone de dépose 40, permettant ainsi des apports en matériau d'impression qui ne soient pas faits obligatoirement à la verticale mais aussi selon un angle d'incidence quelconque, si besoin est. In the above, the different inductors 12, 27, 28 may be single turns or multi turns. In the case of an inductor 27 in multiwires, the contributions of inert gas from the outlets 31 and 81 should allow, for example, to control the dispersion of the powder due to the magnetic field through the different turns if the inductor 27 and the materials associated with it generate closed cylinders between the turns. The control and control means 4 control the inductive devices for supplying their associated inductor with an alternating current of 1 Hz to 30 MHz. On the other hand, the different inductors 12, 27, 28 have shapes so as to obtain optimum inductive fields which generate a set of forces on the printing material between the open end 141 of the wire down tube 14, or the outlet 261 of the projection nozzle 26, according to the embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention in question, and the deposition area 40 on the Work in progress 29. In the case of several inductors, their shapes may be associated with each other so as to further improve the overall inductive field obtained. The magnetic fields thus obtained make it possible, via the Lorentz forces, to keep the heated printing material as well as that already deposited on the dispensing zone 40 in shape, thus permitting contributions of printing material that are not necessarily made. vertically but also at any angle of incidence, if necessary.
De même, le tuyau de descente de fil et pour le tuyau de descente de poudre ainsi que la buse de projection de poudre sont réalisés dans des matériaux comme le cuivre ou des matériaux ayant des propriétés équivalentes, ainsi que des matériaux magnéto diélectriques. Likewise, the downspout and downspout pipe as well as the powder spraying nozzle are made of materials such as copper or materials having equivalent properties, as well as magneto-dielectric materials.
En référence à la figure 3, nous allons décrire un troisième mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. Ce troisième mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention se base sur les premier et deuxième modes de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. Le troisième mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention est le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention selon le premier ou le deuxième mode de réalisation précédemment décrit auquel est accouplé un système d'apport de fils ou rubans ferromagnétiques ou non ferromagnétiques permettant une association de matériaux ayant des propriétés mécaniques différentes afin de réaliser une pièce 29 en un matériau composite. Nous allons décrire un troisième mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en
trois dimensions selon l'invention sur la base du premier mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention. L'application au deuxième mode de réalisation du dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention est faite mutatis mutandis. With reference to FIG. 3, we will describe a third embodiment of a three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. This third embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention is based on the first and second embodiments of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. The third embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention is the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention according to the first or second embodiment previously described, which is coupled with a delivery system. ferromagnetic or non-ferromagnetic wires or tapes allowing a combination of materials having different mechanical properties in order to produce a part 29 made of a composite material. We will describe a third embodiment of the printing device in three dimensions according to the invention on the basis of the first embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention. The application to the second embodiment of the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention is made mutatis mutandis.
Le système d'apport de fil ou ruban 67 et 68 comporte, ici, deux tubes d'alimentation 63 et 64 permettant la pose de deux fils ou rubans 67 et 68 en simultané. Les tubes d'alimentation 63 et 64 ont la possibilité de se déplacer autour de la tête d'impression 11 de manière séparée, rotative et ou linéaire en fonction des choix techniques et du nombre de têtes d'impression 11, cette possibilité permet de superposer et/ou de croiser les fils ou ruban 67 et 68 lors de l'avancement de la tête d'impression 11. Le nombre de système d'apport de fil ou rubans ainsi que le nombre d'axes rotatifs ou linéaires varient en fonction du nombre de têtes d'impression 11 et du choix techniques souhaité, nous pouvons donc disposer de d'autant de système d'apport de fil ou ruban que souhaités. Chaque dispositif d'apport de fil ou de ruban comporte un dévidoir 58,59 contenant le ou les de fils ou rubans stockés à distribuer. Le dévidoir 58,59 peut être mis sous atmosphère contrôlée, en les connectant, par exemple, aux moyens de stockage d'un gaz inerte 2. À la sortie du dévidoir 58,59, un dispositif de contrôle de présence de fil ou rubans 71,76 est implanté éventuellement, connecté aux moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4. Suite au dispositif de contrôle de présence fil ou rubans 71,76, est positionnée un moteur d'entraînement du fil ou rubans 70, 77. The thread supply system or ribbon 67 and 68 comprises, here, two feed tubes 63 and 64 for laying two son or ribbons 67 and 68 simultaneously. The supply tubes 63 and 64 have the possibility of moving around the print head 11 separately, rotatively and linearly depending on the technical choices and the number of printing heads 11, this possibility allows to superpose and / or crossing the son or ribbon 67 and 68 during the advancement of the print head 11. The number of thread delivery system or ribbons and the number of rotary or linear axes vary depending on the number of printing heads 11 and the desired technical choices, we can therefore have as many wire or ribbon supply system as desired. Each thread or ribbon feeder has a reel 58,59 containing the one or more stored threads or ribbons to be dispensed. The reel 58,59 can be placed under a controlled atmosphere, by connecting them, for example, to the means for storing an inert gas 2. At the outlet of the reel 58,59, a device for checking the presence of wire or ribbons 71 , 76 is optionally implanted, connected to the control and control means 4. Following the presence control device wire or ribbons 71,76, is positioned a drive motor of the wire or ribbons 70, 77.
Le moteur d'entraînement 70, 77 est accouplé à un tube de transport 60,66. Le tube de transport 60,66 est accouplé à un système de coupe du fil ou ruban 61,62. En amont de ce système de coupe du fil ou ruban 61,62, un deuxième moteur
d'entraînement 73,74 est positionné pour permettre une maîtrise de la coupe et de l'avancée du fil ou ruban 67, 68. Suite au dispositif de coupe 61,62, est positionné un troisième moteur d'entraînement 69,75 permettant une maîtrise de la coupe et l'avancement du fil ou ruban 67, 68 coupé dans un tube de transport 63,64, si besoin est. Une fois que le fil ou ruban 67, 68 est passé dans le tube de transport 63, 64, le fil ou ruban peut être préchauffé via à un système inductif ou résistif de préchauffage 72, afin d'être déposé à une température maîtrisée souhaitée en amont d'un dépôt du matériau d'impression en fusion ou liquéfié sur celui-ci par la tête d'impression 11. The drive motor 70, 77 is coupled to a transport tube 60, 66. The transport tube 60,66 is coupled to a cutting system of the wire or ribbon 61,62. Upstream of this thread cutting system or tape 61,62, a second motor 73,74 is positioned to allow control of the cutting and advancing of the thread or ribbon 67, 68. Following the cutting device 61,62, is positioned a third drive motor 69,75 allowing a control of the cutting and advancement of the thread or tape 67, 68 cut in a transport tube 63,64, if necessary. Once the wire or ribbon 67, 68 is passed through the transport tube 63, 64, the wire or ribbon can be preheated via an inductive or resistive preheating system 72, in order to be deposited at a desired controlled temperature. upstream of a deposit of the printing material melt or liquefied thereon by the print head 11.
En variante, le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention selon ce mode de réalisation peut comporter des systèmes d'apport de fils ou rubans pouvant se croiser en se superposant à l'avancée de la tête d'impression. Cela permet de superposer des fils ou rubans sur le matériau déjà posé avant l'apport d'une nouvelle couche du matériau par la tête d'impression. La longueur, la largeur, le diamètre des fils ou rubans va varier en fonction des caractéristiques associations choisies permettant ainsi d'optimiser la cohésion avec la matière déposée. In a variant, the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention according to this embodiment may comprise delivery systems for threads or ribbons that can cross one another by superimposing on the advance of the print head. This allows to superpose son or ribbons on the material already laid before the introduction of a new layer of the material by the print head. The length, the width, the diameter of the threads or ribbons will vary according to the characteristics chosen associations thus making it possible to optimize the cohesion with the deposited material.
En variante, le dispositif d'apport de fils ou rubans comporte des moyens de chauffage qui, suite à la pose des fils ou rubans, génèrent une association du fil ou ruban à la couche précédente au moment de la mise en contact avec la pièce 29. Cela permet de positionner le ou les fils ou rubans avant ou après le passage de la tête d'impression en trois dimensions. L'ensemble du système d'apport de fil ou de rubans ainsi que la coupe de celui-ci peut en variante être réalisé sous atmosphère contrôlée. Un matériau apporté par la tête d'impression peut être un polymère, un matériau composite ou
ferromagnétique, la tête d'impression 11 devant être adapté en fonction du matériau. As a variant, the device for supplying wires or tapes comprises heating means which, following the laying of the wires or ribbons, generate a combination of the wire or ribbon with the previous layer at the moment of contact with the part 29. This makes it possible to position the son or ribbons before or after the passage of the print head in three dimensions. The entire system of supply of wire or ribbons and the section thereof may alternatively be produced in a controlled atmosphere. A material supplied by the print head may be a polymer, a composite material or ferromagnetic, the print head 11 to be adapted according to the material.
De même, le dévidoir 58, 59 peut être mis sous atmosphère contrôlée si besoin intégrant une étanchéité de l'ensemble du réseau qui se trouver derrière le dévidoir 58,59 jusqu'à l'apport de fil ou ruban au système d'apport de fil ou de ruban 67, 68. Il est à préciser si besoin que la buse de diffusion de gaz inerte 13 peut générer un flux de gaz au niveau de sa sortie 141 orienté vers le sens d'avancé de la tête d'impression 11. Le gaz inerte aura donc une projection le faisant ressortir devant la tête de buse. Similarly, the reel 58, 59 can be placed under a controlled atmosphere if necessary integrating a seal of the entire network that is behind the reel 58.59 to the supply of wire or ribbon to the delivery system. It should be specified if necessary that the inert gas diffusion nozzle 13 can generate a flow of gas at its outlet 141 oriented towards the forward direction of the print head 11. The inert gas will therefore have a projection making it stand out in front of the nozzle head.
Les dispositifs d'impression en trois dimensions qui viennent d'être décrit peuvent également être utilisées sur autant d'axes de travail que possible à partir du moment où le démarrage de la pièce à un point fixe. Il peut être monté sur l'extrémité d'un bras de robot multiaxe. The three-dimensional printing devices that have just been described can also be used on as many work axes as possible from the moment the start of the workpiece to a fixed point. It can be mounted on the end of a multi-axis robot arm.
D'autre part, la pièce à réaliser peut être élaboré par le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention en utilisant un matériau support réalisé en silice qui sert de support pour les parties en contrainte de la pièce à réaliser. Le caractère cassant de la silice permet un retrait facile du support une fois l'impression de la pièce à réaliser terminer. On the other hand, the part to be produced can be produced by the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention by using a support material made of silica which serves as a support for the constrained parts of the part to be produced. The brittle nature of the silica allows easy removal of the support once the impression of the part to achieve complete.
Le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions qui vient d'être décrit permet de réaliser des pièces dans un très grand nombre de matériaux ou association de matériaux pouvant être fondus ou mis en fusion pour association de manière simple ou complexe par des inducteurs et/ou par le passage d'un courant de manière résistif. Le ou les matériaux d'impressions utilisés sont donc ferromagnétique et/ou magnéto diélectriques
et/ou des polymères ou composite associés à des parties ferromagnétiques . The three-dimensional printing device which has just been described makes it possible to produce parts in a very large number of materials or combination of materials that can be melted or melted for association in a simple or complex manner by inductors and / or by passing a current in a resistive manner. The printing material (s) used are therefore ferromagnetic and / or magneto dielectric and / or polymers or composite associated with ferromagnetic parts.
Dans un variante de réalisation, le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention comprend des moyens d'usinages agencés de sorte à réaliser, une fois la pose d'une ou de plusieurs couches de matériau d'impression effectuée, un usinage sur tous les axes souhaités afin d'obtenir des surfaces et dimensions voulues, de faire des interventions d'usinage en cours de construction d'une pièce à réaliser quel que soit l'état d'avancement de la pièce à réaliser afin de rectifier ou de mettre à la cote requise et précisions demandées les parties de la pièce déjà construites quel que soit l'axe d'usinage demandé, de finaliser la réalisation de la pièce en fonction des imperfections existantes ou de la précision demandée et sur tous les axes demandés. Une autre solution proposée est l'usinage suite à la finalisation de la pièce . Le principe d'attache de la pièce en construction 29 sur l'imprimante peut ce faire avec plusieurs principes, une première solution est de fixer la plaque d'attache de la première couche de la pièce 29 par vis à l'imprimante. Une deuxième solution est d'utiliser des boulons attachés au support de l'imprimante afin de créer la construction additive 29 à partir du ou des points d'attache, une troisième solution est de tenir une plaque de construction permettant la pose de la première couche de l'impression additive, la tenue peut se faire par tous moyens permettant de tenir une position fixe, par serrage autour de la plaque de construction par exemple en utilisant des vis et/ou boulons de serrage
Dans une autre variante de réalisation, le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention comporte un système de préchauffage ou de maîtrise de la température d'une partie déjà réalisée de la pièce en cours d'élaboration et comprenant notamment un plateau supportant la pièce en cours dont la température est ainsi maîtrisée par un système de refroidissement ou de montée en température liquide ou par induction ou par rayonnement thermique prévu dans le plateau. Au surplus, le plateau peut disposer de plusieurs axes de positionnement ou et de déplacement afin d'accroître les solutions de réalisation ou étape réalisation. In an alternative embodiment, the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises machining means arranged so as to carry out, once the laying of one or more layers of printing material has been carried out, a machining on all the desired axes in order to obtain the desired surfaces and dimensions, to perform machining operations during the construction of a part to be carried out irrespective of the state of progress of the part to be made in order to rectify or to make the required dimensions and required details of the parts of the part already built whatever the requested machining axis, to finalize the realization of the part according to the existing imperfections or the required precision and on all requested axes . Another proposed solution is the machining following the finalization of the part. The principle of attachment of the part under construction 29 on the printer can do this with several principles, a first solution is to fix the attachment plate of the first layer of the part 29 by screw to the printer. A second solution is to use bolts attached to the printer support in order to create the additive construction 29 from the attachment point (s), a third solution is to hold a construction plate allowing the laying of the first layer. of the additive printing, the holding can be done by any means to hold a fixed position, by clamping around the building plate for example by using screws and / or bolts In another variant embodiment, the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises a system for preheating or controlling the temperature of a portion already made of the part being produced and comprising in particular a support plate the current part whose temperature is thus controlled by a cooling system or rise in liquid temperature or by induction or by thermal radiation provided in the tray. In addition, the plate can have several axes of positioning or displacement to increase the implementation solutions or step realization.
Le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention comporte des systèmes de refroidissement de différents éléments comme cela a été décrit précédemment, pour permettre la maîtrise de la température des différents organes du dispositif d'impression, permettant si besoin d'obtenir une température positive ou négative souhaitée de ces organes. Dans une variante de réalisation, le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention comprend des moyens de prise d'informations, comme des mesures de forme, permettant des ajustements de l'impression en cours par les moyens de contrôle et de pilotage 4, tel une modification des paramétrages du parcours et de pose du matériau d'impression. The three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises cooling systems of different elements as previously described, to enable control of the temperature of the various organs of the printing device, making it possible, if necessary, to obtain a desired positive or negative temperature of these organs. In an alternative embodiment, the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises means for taking information, such as shape measurements, allowing adjustments of the printing in progress by the control and control means. 4, such a modification of the settings of the path and laying of the printing material.
Il est à noter que le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention peut être construit en utilisant des systèmes rotatifs d'induction, d'apport de gaz, de fils ou ruban et donc comprendre des systèmes rotatifs autour de la zone de dépôt 40 et donc du tube de descente du fil ou autour de la buse de projection de poudre.
Le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention peut être monté dans leur globalité ou seulement certaines parties sur un bras ou un ensemble multiaxe. De ce fait, les dispositifs d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention peuvent être interchangés pendant la construction de la pièce en construction. It should be noted that the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention can be constructed using rotary induction, gas supply, wire or ribbon systems and thus comprise rotary systems around the zone of deposit 40 and thus the down tube of the wire or around the powder spray nozzle. The three-dimensional printing device according to the invention can be mounted in their entirety or only certain parts on an arm or a multiaxis assembly. As a result, the three-dimensional printing devices according to the invention can be interchanged during the construction of the part under construction.
Il est possible d'assembler, avec un dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention, deux ou plus pièces existantes devant être associées ou soudées ensemble. En complément, le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention peut apporter un complément d'impression aux pièces ainsi assemblées. Le complément d'impression peut être déterminé, suite à l'assemblage des pièces, à l'aide d'un système de scanner tridimensionnel. Une fois l'assemblage des pièces réalisé, le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention effectue une reconstruction tridimensionnelle de l'assemblage à l'aide du système de scanner tridimensionnel, puis il compare la reconstruction ainsi réalisée avec un modèle de l'objet final à obtenir afin de déterminer le complément d'impression à apporter à l'assemblage des pièces. En variante, si le dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions selon l'invention comporte des moyens d'usinage, il est alors possible de rectifier si nécessaire l'assemblage des pièces réalisées, suite à une comparaison entre la reconstruction tridimensionnelle avec le modèle de l'objet final. It is possible to assemble, with a three-dimensional printing device according to the invention, two or more existing parts to be associated or welded together. In addition, the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention can provide additional printing to the parts thus assembled. The print complement can be determined, following the assembly of the parts, using a three-dimensional scanner system. Once the parts are assembled, the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention performs a three-dimensional reconstruction of the assembly using the three-dimensional scanner system, and then compares the reconstruction thus produced with a model of the final object to be obtained in order to determine the print complement to be added to the parts assembly. Alternatively, if the three-dimensional printing device according to the invention comprises machining means, it is then possible to rectify if necessary the assembly of the parts made, following a comparison between the three-dimensional reconstruction with the model of the final object.
Bien entendu, il est possible d'apporter à l'invention de nombreuses modifications sans pour autant sortir cadre de celle-ci .
Of course, it is possible to make many modifications to the invention without departing from it.
Claims
1. Dispositif d'impression en trois dimensions d'une pièce à réaliser (29) comprenant une tête d'impression (11,110) comportant : A three-dimensional printing device of a workpiece (29) comprising a print head (11, 110) comprising:
- des moyens d'alimentation ( 2 , 14 , 15 , 16 ; 17 , 18 , 22 , 25 , 50 ) en un matériau d'impression ferromagnétique ; - supply means (2, 14, 15, 16; 17, 18, 22, 25, 50) of a ferromagnetic printing material;
- des moyens ( 12 , 9 , 6 ; 27 , 34 , 28 ) permettant la fusion du matériau d'impression avant pose ; means (12, 9, 6, 27, 34, 28) for fusing the printing material before laying;
caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte en outre : characterized in that it further comprises:
- une première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte (13) au niveau d'une sortie (141;261) des moyens d'alimentation ; - a first inert gas diffusion nozzle (13) at an outlet (141; 261) of the supply means;
- une deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte (51) au niveau d'un point de contact du matériau d'impression en fusion d'une surface de réception (40) de la pièce à réaliser en cours d'élaboration permettant un apport du gaz à une pression souhaitée. a second inert gas diffusion nozzle (51) at a point of contact of the melt printing material with a receiving surface (40) of the part to be produced which is being produced, allowing a contribution of gas at a desired pressure.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens permettant la fusion comprennent un premier moyen de chauffage par induction (12; 27) du matériau d'impression. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for melting comprise a first inductive heating means (12; 27) of the printing material.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le premier moyen de chauffage par induction est agencé de sorte à permettre un chauffage d'une surface de dépose du matériau d'impression en fusion de la pièce à réaliser en cours d'élaboration.
3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the first induction heating means is arranged to allow heating of a depositing surface of the melt printing material of the part to be produced during preparation .
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 et 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens permettant la fusion comportent un deuxième moyen de chauffage par induction (28) d'une surface de dépose du matériau d'impression en fusion de la pièce à réaliser en cours d'élaboration. Device according to one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the means for melting comprise a second induction heating means (28) of a surface for depositing the molten printing material of the part to be produced in development course.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier et/ou le deuxième moyen de chauffage par induction entoure une sortie des moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the first and / or second induction heating means surround an output of the printing material supply means.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier et/ou le deuxième moyen de chauffage par induction s'étend uniquement devant une sortie des moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression et présente une forme de « U » à 90° d'un sens d'avancée de la tête d'impression en utilisation. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the first and / or second induction heating means extends only in front of an output of the printing material supplying means and has a shape of " U "at 90 ° of a direction of advancement of the print head in use.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier et/ou le deuxième moyen de chauffage par induction présente une forme en fer à cheval se positionnant devant et en partie autour d'une sortie des moyens d'alimentation en matériau d ' impression . Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the first and / or second induction heating means has a horseshoe shape positioned in front of and partly around an outlet of the supply means of printing material.
Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 7 caractérisé en ce que les premier et/ou deuxième moyens de chauffage par induction sont positionnées devant et/ou derrière et/ou sur les côtés des moyens d'alimentation en un matériau d'impression.
Device according to one of claims 6 to 7 characterized in that the first and / or second induction heating means are positioned in front and / or behind and / or on the sides of the supply means of a printing material.
9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier et/ou le deuxième moyen de chauffage par induction est agencé de sorte à permettre une dépose du matériau d'impression sous un angle d'incidence quelconque. 9. Device according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the first and / or second induction heating means is arranged to allow removal of the printing material at any angle of incidence.
10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les moyens permettant la fusion comprennent un moyen d'alimentation en courant (6) dont une borne est connectée au matériau d'impression et une autre borne est connectée à la pièce à réaliser en cours d 'élaboration . 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the means for melting comprise a power supply means (6), one terminal is connected to the printing material and another terminal is connected to the piece to be produced during the elaboration.
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression comprennent un ou plusieurs conduits d'amenée de matériau d'impression. 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the printing material supply means comprises one or more print material supply ducts.
12. Dispositif d'impression selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux ou plus têtes d'impression. 12. Printing device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it comprises two or more printheads.
13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9 et 11 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le matériau d'impression est sous la forme d'une poudre. 13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9 and 11 to 12, characterized in that the printing material is in the form of a powder.
14. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression comportent une buse de projection (26) de poudre.
14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the print material supply means comprise a powder projection nozzle (26).
15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 13 et 14, caractérisé en ce que la poudre formant le matériau d'impression est propulsé par un gaz inerte. 15. Device according to one of claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the powder forming the printing material is propelled by an inert gas.
16. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le matériau d'impression est sous la forme d'un fil. 16. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the printing material is in the form of a wire.
17. Dispositif selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que le matériau d'impression est un matériau ferromagnétique et ou magnéto-diélectrique. 17. Device according to claim 16, characterized in that the printing material is a ferromagnetic and or magneto-dielectric material.
18. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce que la tête d'impression comporte des moyens d'apport d'un matériau de renfort sous la forme d'un fil ou d'un ruban (58,59,70,77,64,63) agencés de sorte à poser le matériau de renfort sur une surface de dépose du matériau d'impression en fusion de la pièce à réaliser en cours d'élaboration, en amont d'un point de dépose du matériau d'impression en fusion de la surface de dépose. 18. Device according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the print head comprises means for supplying a reinforcing material in the form of a wire or a ribbon (58,59 , 70, 77, 64, 63) arranged so as to lay the reinforcing material on a surface for depositing the melt printing material of the part to be produced during production, upstream of a point of application of the melt printing material of the dispensing surface.
19. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 18, caractérisé en ce que la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte est agencée de sorte à être orientable, notamment afin de pouvoir orienter un flux de gaz inerte dans un sens d'avancée de la tête d'impression. 19. Device according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the first inert gas diffusion nozzle is arranged to be orientable, especially in order to guide a flow of inert gas in a direction of advance of the print head.
20. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce que les moyens d'alimentation en matériau et/ou les moyens d'apport d'un matériau de renfort comprennent des moyens de mise sous gaz inerte des matériaux en utilisation.
20. Device according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the material supply means and / or the means for supplying a reinforcing material comprise means for putting under inert gas materials in use. .
21. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de régulation ( 19 , 21 , 21 ' ) de diffusion de gaz inerte. 21. Device according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it comprises means for regulating (19, 21, 21 ') of inert gas diffusion.
22. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 21, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de refroidissement de tout ou partie de la tête d ' impression . 22. Device according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that it comprises means for cooling all or part of the print head.
23. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 22, caractérisé en ce que les moyens permettant la fusion du matériau d'impression, la première buse de diffusion de gaz inerte et la deuxième buse de diffusion de gaz inerte sont montés mobiles par rapport aux moyens d'alimentation en matériau d'impression. 23. Device according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the means for melting the printing material, the first inert gas diffusion nozzle and the second inert gas diffusion nozzle are mounted movable relative to each other. means for supplying printing material.
24. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 23, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un ou plusieurs inducteurs associés à un ou plusieurs dispositifs d'induction positionnés soit devant, derrière, sur les côtés de la tête d'impression. 24. Device according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that it comprises one or more inductors associated with one or more induction devices positioned in front of, behind, on the sides of the print head.
25. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 24 pour assembler deux ou plus pièces existante par une dépose de matériau d'impression à une jonction entre les deux ou plus pièces.
25. Use of a device according to one of claims 1 to 24 for assembling two or more existing parts by a removal of printing material at a junction between the two or more pieces.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680033138.9A CN107690363B (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | The equipment and its use of three dimensional printing for component to be manufactured |
| KR1020177032106A KR102515108B1 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | 3D printing devices using inductive and resistive devices |
| EP16720883.4A EP3280560B1 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | Three-dimensional printing device using inductive and resistive devices |
| US15/565,323 US10751796B2 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | Three-dimensional printing device using inductive and resistive devices |
| JP2018503827A JP2018517064A (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | Three-dimensional printing device using inductive and resistive devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1500715 | 2015-04-07 | ||
| FR1500715A FR3034691A1 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-04-07 | THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING DEVICE USING INDUCTIVE AND RESISTIVE DEVICES |
| FR1557850A FR3034692B1 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2015-08-21 | THREE-DIMENSIONAL PRINTING DEVICE USING INDUCTIVE AND RESISTIVE DEVICES |
| FR1557850 | 2015-08-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016162637A1 true WO2016162637A1 (en) | 2016-10-13 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2016/050793 WO2016162637A1 (en) | 2015-04-07 | 2016-04-07 | Three-dimensional printing device using inductive and resistive devices |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10751796B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3280560B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2018517064A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR102515108B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN107690363B (en) |
| FR (2) | FR3034691A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016162637A1 (en) |
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| JP2018192624A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2018-12-06 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | Three-dimensional modeling apparatus and method for fabricating three-dimensional object |
| WO2018233202A1 (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2018-12-27 | 华南理工大学 | Reverse polarity plasma arc robot additive manufacturing system and implementation method therefor |
| WO2019246308A1 (en) * | 2018-06-20 | 2019-12-26 | Digital Alloys Incorporated | Multi-diameter wire feeder |
| US11813690B2 (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2023-11-14 | Relativity Space, Inc. | Systems for printing three-dimensional objects |
| US11853033B1 (en) | 2019-07-26 | 2023-12-26 | Relativity Space, Inc. | Systems and methods for using wire printing process data to predict material properties and part quality |
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| NL2015512B1 (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-04-20 | Ultimaker Bv | Inductive nozzle heating assembly. |
| DE102018129559A1 (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-05-28 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | System and method for manufacturing a component |
| JP7204276B2 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2023-01-16 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | DISCHARGED APPARATUS, FORMING APPARATUS, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING MOLDED BODY |
| DE102018221758A1 (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Print head for 3D printing of metals, device for additive manufacturing of three-dimensional workpieces, comprising a print head and method for operating a device |
| US11396063B2 (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2022-07-26 | Rosemount Aerospace Inc. | Systems and methods for in process heating for direct energy deposition applications |
| EP3970950A1 (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2022-03-23 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Assembly for additive manufacture of a three-dimensional printed object |
| US20220097173A1 (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-03-31 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | System and method to control material deposition using magnetic fields |
| GB202017521D0 (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2020-12-23 | Secr Defence | A device, apparatus and method of additive manufacturing metal components, alloy components or metal matrix composite components |
| CN112659553B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-10-28 | 武汉惟景三维科技有限公司 | Multi-material three-dimensional printing device |
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- 2016-04-07 US US15/565,323 patent/US10751796B2/en active Active
- 2016-04-07 WO PCT/FR2016/050793 patent/WO2016162637A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-04-07 JP JP2018503827A patent/JP2018517064A/en active Pending
- 2016-04-07 EP EP16720883.4A patent/EP3280560B1/en active Active
- 2016-04-07 CN CN201680033138.9A patent/CN107690363B/en active Active
- 2016-04-07 KR KR1020177032106A patent/KR102515108B1/en active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3280560A1 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
| US10751796B2 (en) | 2020-08-25 |
| FR3034692B1 (en) | 2017-04-28 |
| CN107690363B (en) | 2019-08-09 |
| KR20170134674A (en) | 2017-12-06 |
| KR102515108B1 (en) | 2023-03-28 |
| EP3280560B1 (en) | 2019-04-03 |
| FR3034692A1 (en) | 2016-10-14 |
| FR3034691A1 (en) | 2016-10-14 |
| CN107690363A (en) | 2018-02-13 |
| JP2018517064A (en) | 2018-06-28 |
| US20180311727A1 (en) | 2018-11-01 |
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