WO2016152547A1 - 疎水性基含有共重合体 - Google Patents
疎水性基含有共重合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016152547A1 WO2016152547A1 PCT/JP2016/057510 JP2016057510W WO2016152547A1 WO 2016152547 A1 WO2016152547 A1 WO 2016152547A1 JP 2016057510 W JP2016057510 W JP 2016057510W WO 2016152547 A1 WO2016152547 A1 WO 2016152547A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
- C08G65/32—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08G65/329—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds
- C08G65/331—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen
- C08G65/3311—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment with organic compounds containing oxygen containing a hydroxy group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F216/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical
- C08F216/12—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal or ketal radical by an ether radical
- C08F216/14—Monomers containing only one unsaturated aliphatic radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
- C08G81/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/02—Emulsion paints including aerosols
- C09D5/024—Emulsion paints including aerosols characterised by the additives
- C09D5/027—Dispersing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3753—Polyvinylalcohol; Ethers or esters thereof
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/02—Agents for preventing deposition on the paper mill equipment, e.g. pitch or slime control
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/22—Mixtures comprising a continuous polymer matrix in which are dispersed crosslinked particles of another polymer
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hydrophobic group-containing copolymer. More specifically, the present invention relates to a hydrophobic group-containing copolymer useful for pitch control agents, pigment dispersants, detergent builders and the like.
- pitch an adhesive resin component contained in raw wood, an adhesive mixed in pulp, a synthetic resin, and the like are called “pitch”.
- the pitch particles are in a state of being colloidally dispersed in the pulp slurry, but the pitch particles are highly hydrophobic and therefore aggregate and enlarge in water.
- problems such as paper breakage and perforation that occur due to such a pitch occur.
- various pitch control agents and pitch suppression methods have been studied in the past.
- Patent Literature 1 discloses a pitch suppression method in a facility including a pulp manufacturing facility that manufactures pulp using water from a pulp raw material, Including a step of adding a chelating agent to a location where the pulp in the pulp manufacturing facility or its intermediate and water are in contact with each other so that the molar ratio of the chelating agent to calcium (chelating agent / calcium) is 1/5 or less.
- the chelating agent contains ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and its salt, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid and its salt, triethylenetetraamine 6 acetic acid and its salt, and glycol ether diamine tetraacetic acid and its salt, or a pitch thereof.
- a suppression method is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 contains, as an active ingredient, a polymer comprising a constituent unit derived from a specific (meth) acryloyloxyalkyltrialkylammonium salt and a specific unit derived from a specific (meth) acrylic acid or a salt thereof.
- a pitch control agent for papermaking process is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a structural unit (a) derived from a specific ether bond-containing monomer (A) and a structural unit (b) derived from a carboxyl group-containing monomer (B).
- the structural unit (a) is 1 to 50% by mass and the structural unit (b) is 50 to 99% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of structural units derived from all monomers.
- a group-containing copolymer is disclosed.
- This invention is made
- the present inventor has made various studies on polymers that can exhibit good dispersibility with respect to hydrophobic particles.
- a structural unit derived from a carboxylic acid monomer and a structure derived from a hydrophobic group-containing monomer We have found that a copolymer having a specific proportion of units and a specific weight average molecular weight exhibits excellent dispersion performance with respect to hydrophobic particles, and that the above problems can be solved brilliantly, The present invention has been achieved.
- R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or a CH 3 group.
- R a represents a CH 2 group, a CH 2 CH 2 group or a direct bond.
- R b represents a CH 2 group, a CH 2 CH 2 group or X 1 represents the number of units represented by (O—CH 2 —CH (OH)) and is a number of 0 or 1.
- X 2 represents (O—CH 2 —CH 2).
- R a and R b are a direct bond and X 1 is 0, X 2 is a number from 1 to 5.
- R 1 represents a hydrophobic organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms) and a structural unit derived from a hydrophobic group-containing monomer (A) and a structural unit derived from a carboxylic acid monomer ( B) a hydrophobic group-containing copolymer, wherein the copolymer is such that the proportion of structural units (A) in the copolymer is 100 mass units derived from all monomers. It is a hydrophobic group-containing copolymer having a copolymer weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000 and not less than 16% by mass and not more than 50% by mass.
- the present invention is described in detail below. A combination of two or more preferred embodiments of the present invention described below is also a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention comprises a structural unit (A) derived from a hydrophobic group-containing monomer represented by the above formula (1) and a structural unit (B) derived from a carboxylic acid monomer. It is a copolymer having. Since the hydrophobic group-containing monomer has a hydrophobic organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in R 1 of the above formula (1), the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention has a hydrophobic mutual group. Due to the action, it can be used well with the hydrophobic particles, prevent the particles from agglomerating and disperse the hydrophobic particles. Thereby, aggregation of hydrophobic particles can be suppressed.
- the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer has a structural unit (B) derived from a carboxylic acid monomer, whereby the water solubility of the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention is improved. Therefore, the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention exhibits good dispersion performance with respect to hydrophobic particles in a hydrophilic solvent such as water by having the structural unit (A) and the structural unit (B). be able to.
- the proportion of the structural unit (A) in the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention is 16% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less with respect to 100% by mass of the structural units derived from all monomers. If the proportion of the structural unit (A) is 16% by mass or more, the copolymer of the present invention is sufficiently hydrophobic, and if it is 50% by mass or less, the water solubility of the copolymer of the present invention is low. It will be enough.
- the proportion of the structural unit (A) is preferably 18 to 50% by mass, more preferably 20 to 49% by mass, still more preferably 21 to 47% by mass, and still more preferably 25 to 45% by mass. More preferably, it is 28 to 42% by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 40% by mass.
- the proportion of the structural unit (B) in the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 84% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the structural units derived from all monomers. More preferably, it is 50 to 82% by mass, still more preferably 51 to 80% by mass, still more preferably 53 to 79% by mass, still more preferably 55 to 75% by mass, and particularly preferably 58 to 82% by mass. It is 72% by mass, and more preferably 60 to 70% by mass. If the proportion of the structural unit (B) is within the above preferred range, the water-solubility of the copolymer of the present invention will be more sufficient.
- the proportion of the structural unit (B) derived from the carboxylic acid monomer when calculating the proportion of the structural unit (B) derived from the carboxylic acid monomer, it is calculated in terms of the corresponding acid.
- the structural unit (B) is a structural unit —CH 2 —CH (COONa) — derived from sodium acrylate
- the corresponding structural unit derived from acrylic acid —CH 2 —CH (COOH) — Calculate the mass ratio (mass%).
- the mass ratio (mass%) of the carboxylic acid monomer in the monomer component it is calculated in terms of the corresponding acid. For example, if it is sodium acrylate, a mass ratio (mass%) is calculated as acrylic acid which is a corresponding acid.
- the weight average molecular weight of the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention is 10,000 to 1,000,000. When the weight average molecular weight is 10,000 or more, the dispersion performance of the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer can be sufficiently exhibited. The reason for this is considered to be that when the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is 10,000 or more, microphase separation occurs and the hydrophobicity of the copolymer becomes partially larger.
- the weight average molecular weight is preferably 10,000 to 500,000, more preferably 10,000 to 100,000, and still more preferably 10,000 to 50,000. When the weight average molecular weight is in the above preferred range, the viscosity of the copolymer can be made a more suitable range, and the handling becomes excellent.
- the polymer is excellent in handling and can exhibit more sufficient dispersion performance
- a hydrophobic group-containing copolymer having such a combination of the proportion of the structural unit (A) and the weight average molecular weight is: 1 is one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention.
- a weight average molecular weight is a measured value by GPC (gel permeation chromatography), and can be measured on the measurement conditions mentioned later.
- the carboxyl group in the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention may be acid type or salt type, but with respect to 100 mol% of all the carboxyl groups of the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer, It is preferable that 30 to 90 mol% of the carboxyl group is in a salt form.
- the proportion of the salt-type carboxyl group is more preferably 40 to 80 mol%, and still more preferably 50 to 70 mol%.
- the ratio of groups can be within the above preferred range.
- the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention has a structural unit (A) derived from the hydrophobic group-containing monomer represented by the above formula (1). Since the hydrophobic group-containing monomer (hereinafter also referred to as monomer (a)) has a hydrophobic organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in R 1 of the above formula (1), The interaction allows good compatibility with the hydrophobic particles, prevents aggregation of the particles, and allows the hydrophobic particles to be dispersed.
- hydrophobic organic group examples include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a cycloalkyl group, and an aryl group.
- an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, and an aryl group are preferable, More preferably, they are an alkyl group and an alkenyl group, More preferably, it is an alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the hydrophobic organic group is preferably 2 to 18, more preferably 3 to 12, and still more preferably 4 to 6.
- the hydrophobic organic group may contain a hetero atom as long as it is hydrophobic.
- the hydrophobic organic group may be a hydrocarbon group in which a hydrogen atom is substituted with a halogen or the like.
- X 2 in the above formula (1) represents the number of units represented by (O—CH 2 —CH 2 ), and is a number from 0 to 5.
- the hydrophobic group-containing monomer can further improve the hydrophilicity, and thus has a characteristic that it is easily copolymerized even when a hydrophilic solvent such as water is used.
- X 2 is preferably 1 to 3. Also, if X 2 is 0, it is possible to more sufficiently exhibit the effect of the hydrophobic group represented by R 1. From the viewpoint of the hydrophobicity of the copolymer, X 2 is more preferably 0.
- the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention has a good balance between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, it can exhibit a sufficient dispersion performance with respect to hydrophobic particles in a hydrophilic solvent. It is preferable to adjust the value of X 2 according to the proportion of the structural unit (B) in the copolymer.
- R 0 in the above formula (1) is a hydrogen atom or a CH 3 group, preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R a in the above formula (1) is a CH 2 group, a CH 2 CH 2 group or a direct bond, preferably a CH 2 group.
- R b in the above formula (1) is a CH 2 group, a CH 2 CH 2 group or a direct bond, preferably a CH 2 group.
- R a and R b are a direct bond and X 1 is 0, X 2 is a number of 1 to 5.
- X 1 in the above formula (1) represents the number of units represented by (O—CH 2 —CH (OH)), and is 0 or 1.
- X 1 is preferably 1, and in this case, since the hydrophobic group-containing monomer has a hydroxyl group, the water solubility of the hydrophobic group-containing monomer is improved and the polymerizability is further improved. To do. If the hydrophobic group-containing monomer has such a structure, even when the proportion of the hydrophobic group-containing monomer is increased in the monomer component, the polymerization reaction can be performed more fully. it can.
- the structure represented by (O—CH 2 —CH (OH)) is formed, for example, by reacting a glycidyl group with a hydroxyl group such as an adduct of alcohol or alkylene oxide.
- hydrophobic group-containing monomer examples include compounds obtained by reacting an alcohol having an unsaturated double bond such as vinyl alcohol, allyl alcohol and isoprenol with an alkyl glycidyl ether having 4 to 6 carbon atoms; Compound in which ethylene oxide adduct of alcohol having a heavy bond is reacted with alkyl halide having 4 to 6 carbon atoms; Allyl glycidyl ether is reacted with alcohol having 4 to 6 carbon atoms or ethylene oxide adduct of alcohol having 4 to 6 carbon atoms And the like.
- said carbon number it is as the carbon number in the above-mentioned hydrophobic organic group.
- R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or a CH 3 group.
- R a represents a CH 2 group, a CH 2 CH 2 group or a direct bond.
- R 1 is a hydrophobic organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. The compound represented by this is preferable.
- the R 0, is preferably a hydrogen atom, the R a, is preferably a CH 2 group. Specific examples and preferred examples of the hydrophobic organic group in the formula (2) are as described above.
- the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention has a structural unit (B) derived from a carboxylic acid monomer.
- the carboxylic acid monomer (hereinafter also referred to as monomer (b)) is a monomer containing an unsaturated double bond (carbon-carbon double bond) and a carboxy group and / or a carboxylate group. is there.
- the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention has good water solubility by having the structural unit (B).
- carboxy group and / or carboxylate group means that a group represented by —COOZ (Z represents a hydrogen atom, a metal atom, an ammonium group, or an organic amine group) is included in one molecule. It means having more than one.
- metal atoms include alkali metals such as sodium, lithium, potassium, rubidium and cesium; alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium; aluminum and iron.
- Organic amine groups include monoethanolamine groups, diethanolamine groups, triethanolamine groups and other alkanolamine groups; monoethylamine groups, diethylamine groups, triethylamine groups and other alkylamine groups; ethylenediamine groups, triethylenediamine groups and other polyamines Groups and the like.
- the carboxylate group is more preferably an ammonium salt, a sodium salt or a potassium salt, and still more preferably a sodium salt.
- carboxylic acid monomer examples include unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomers containing an unsaturated double bond and one carboxy group (or carboxylic acid base) in one molecule, and unsaturated in one molecule.
- An unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer containing a double bond and two carboxy groups (or carboxylate groups) is preferred.
- the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid monomer examples include unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, ⁇ -hydroxyacrylic acid, ⁇ -hydroxymethylacrylic acid and derivatives thereof, And salts thereof.
- unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomer examples include unsaturated dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, and fumaric acid, salts thereof, and anhydrides thereof.
- half esters of these unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomers and alcohols having 1 to 22 carbon atoms half amides of unsaturated dicarboxylic acid monomers and amines having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, unsaturated dicarboxylic acids It may be a half ester of a system monomer and a glycol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a half amide of maleamic acid and a glycol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or the like.
- acrylic acid, acrylate, maleic acid, and maleate are preferable. Of these, acrylic acid and acrylate are essential.
- the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention has a structural unit (E) derived from another monomer (a monomer other than the carboxylic acid monomer and the hydrophobic group-containing monomer). It may be.
- the said hydrophobic group containing copolymer may have only 1 type of structural units (E), and may have 2 or more types.
- the other monomer (hereinafter also referred to as monomer (e)) is not particularly limited as long as it is copolymerizable with the monomers (a) and (b), and is appropriately selected depending on the desired effect. Selectable. Specific examples of the other monomer (e) include vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, (meth) allyl sulfonic acid, 3- (meth) allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane sulfonic acid, 3- ( Sulfonic acid (salt) group-containing monomers such as (meth) allyloxy-1-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, 2- (meth) allyloxyethylenesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and salts thereof; Monomer with alkylene oxide added to unsaturated alcohol such as (meth) allyl alcohol and isoprenol, and polyalkylene glycol chain-containing monomer such as (meth) acrylic acid ester of al
- dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylates such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminopropyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethylacrylamide, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylamide
- Amino-containing monomers such as dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamides such as dimethylaminopropylacrylamide, diallylamine such as diallylamine, diallylamine such as diallylamine, and quaternized products thereof; N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinyl N-vinyl such as formamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylformamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyloxazolidone Amide monomers such as (meth) acrylamide, N, N-dimethylacrylamide and N-is
- the content of the structural unit (E) derived from the other monomer (e), which is an optional component, is the total amount of structural units derived from all monomers forming the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer (that is,
- the total amount of structural units (A), (B) and (E) is preferably from 0 to 40% by mass with respect to 100% by mass.
- the content is more preferably 0 to 20% by mass, still more preferably 0 to 10% by mass, and particularly preferably 0% by mass.
- the mass ratio relative to the total amount of structural units derived from all monomers it shall be calculated as the mass ratio of the corresponding unneutralized amine.
- the mass ratio (% by mass) of vinylamine which is the corresponding unneutralized amine is calculated.
- the mass ratio (mass%) of a monomer containing a quaternized amino group or a structural unit derived therefrom is not taken into account (not including) Shall.
- the mass ratio (mass%) relative to the total amount of structural units derived from all monomers is calculated in terms of the corresponding acid. It shall be. Moreover, when calculating the mass ratio (mass%) with respect to the total amount of all the monomers of an acid group containing monomer, it shall calculate in conversion to a corresponding acid.
- the production of the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of polymerizing the monomer component.
- the monomer component used in the production of the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention includes the carboxylic acid monomer and the hydrophobic group-containing monomer as essential components, and optionally other monomers. May be included.
- the carboxylic acid monomer may be an acid type or a salt type (neutralized type).
- the content ratios of the carboxylic acid monomer, the hydrophobic group-containing monomer and the other monomer in the monomer component are as described above.
- a neutralization step may be performed during the polymerization reaction and / or after the polymerization reaction.
- a neutralization step is performed after the polymerization reaction.
- an alkali component is preferably used.
- the alkali component is preferably an alkali metal hydroxide, more preferably sodium hydroxide.
- the usage-amount of the alkali component used at the said neutralization process can be set so that the ratio of the salt of the carboxyl group with respect to all the carboxyl groups of the said hydrophobic group containing copolymer may become the above-mentioned range.
- the carboxylic acid-based water-soluble polymer of the present invention is preferably obtained by polymerizing a monomer component in the presence of a polymerization initiator (hereinafter also referred to as an initiator).
- a polymerization initiator hereinafter also referred to as an initiator.
- an initiator As said polymerization initiator, what is normally used as a polymerization initiator can be used, For example, persulfate; Hydrogen peroxide; Azo compound; Organic peroxide etc. are suitable. Specific examples thereof are the same as those described in International Publication No. 2010/024448.
- These polymerization initiators may be used alone or in the form of a mixture of two or more. Since the molecular weight distribution of the polymer tends to be small, it is preferable to use only one kind.
- the polymerization initiator is preferably a persulfate, and more preferably sodium persulfate.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 g or less, more preferably 1 to 5 g with respect to 1 mol of all monomer components.
- Chain transfer agent In the method for producing a carboxylic acid-based water-soluble polymer of the present invention, a chain transfer agent can be used in addition to the polymerization initiator.
- the chain transfer agent that can be used in this case is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of adjusting the molecular weight, and those that are usually used as chain transfer agents can be used.
- thiol chain transfer agent halide; secondary alcohol; phosphorous acid, phosphite, hypophosphorous acid, hypophosphite, etc .; sulfurous acid, hydrogen sulfite, dithionic acid, Metabisulfite and its salts (sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium dithionite, potassium dithionite, sodium metabisulfite, potassium metabisulfite, etc.), etc. Specific examples thereof are the same as those described in International Publication No. 2010/024448.
- the said chain transfer agent may be used independently and may be used with the form of 2 or more types of mixtures.
- it is preferable to use sulfite or sulfite that is, it is preferable to use at least sulfurous acid and / or sulfite (hereinafter referred to as “sulfurous acid (salt)”) as the chain transfer agent.
- the sulfurous acid refers to sulfurous acid or hydrogen sulfite, or a salt thereof, and a form in which sulfurous acid / bisulfite is a salt is preferable.
- sulfite / bisulfite is a salt, in addition to the examples described above, salts of metal atoms, ammonium or organic ammonium are preferred.
- the metal atom include monovalent metal atoms of alkali metals such as lithium, sodium and potassium; divalent metal atoms of alkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium; trivalent metal atoms such as aluminum and iron And the like are preferred.
- organic ammonium organic ammonium
- alkanolamines such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, and triethylamine are preferable. Further, it may be ammonium. Therefore, examples of the sulfite preferably used in the present invention include sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, ammonium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, ammonium sulfite and the like, and sodium bisulfite is particularly suitable.
- the said sulfurous acid (salt) may be used independently and may be used with the form of 2 or more types of mixtures.
- the amount of the chain transfer agent added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20 g with respect to 1 mol of all monomer components. More preferably, it is 2 to 15 g. If it is less than 1 g, the molecular weight may not be controlled. Conversely, if it exceeds 20 g, the chain transfer agent may remain or the pure polymer content may decrease.
- a polymerization initiator decomposition catalyst or a reducing compound (also referred to as a reaction accelerator) is used (added to the polymerization system) in addition to the polymerization initiator. Also good.
- the compound that acts as a decomposition catalyst or reducing compound for the polymerization initiator include heavy metal ions (or heavy metal salts). That is, the method for producing the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention may use (add to the polymerization system) heavy metal ions (or heavy metal salts) in addition to the polymerization initiator and the like.
- the heavy metal ion means a metal having a specific gravity of 4 g / cm 3 or more.
- the heavy metal ions include those described in International Publication No. 2010/024448. These heavy metals can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, iron is more preferable.
- the ionic valence of the heavy metal ions is not particularly limited.
- the iron ions in the initiator may be Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ , and these may be combined. May be.
- the mole salt Fe (NH 4 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 ⁇ 6H 2 O)
- ferrous sulfate ⁇ 7 hydrate ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, etc. It is preferable to use a heavy metal salt or the like.
- the content of the heavy metal ions is preferably 0.1 to 10 ppm with respect to the total mass of the polymerization reaction solution at the completion of the polymerization reaction (after neutralization when a neutralization step is performed after the polymerization reaction). .
- the content of heavy metal ions is 0.1 ppm or more, the effect of heavy metal ions can be expressed more sufficiently, and when the content is 10 ppm or less, the resulting polymer can be more excellent in color tone.
- a pH adjuster in addition to the polymerization initiator, the chain transfer agent, and the reaction accelerator, a pH adjuster, a buffering agent, or the like may be used as necessary. it can.
- the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention is preferably produced by solution polymerization.
- the solvent that can be used in this case is preferably a mixed solvent in which 50% by mass of water or water is used with respect to the total solvent. It is more preferable to use only water as the solvent.
- the organic solvent that can be used together with water at the time of polymerization those usually used can be used, and specific examples thereof are the same as those described in International Publication No. 2010/024448. It is done.
- the polymerization reaction preferably has a solid content concentration after polymerization of 10% by mass to 60% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the polymerization solution. 15 to 50% by mass is more preferable, and 20 to 45% by mass is even more preferable.
- the temperature during the polymerization is preferably 70 ° C. or higher, more preferably 75 to 110 ° C., and still more preferably 80 to 105 ° C.
- the pressure in the reaction system in the polymerization reaction may be normal pressure (atmospheric pressure), reduced pressure, or increased pressure.
- the atmosphere in the reaction system may be an air atmosphere or an inert atmosphere, and is not particularly limited. Economically, it is preferably performed in an air atmosphere.
- the production method of the present invention may be provided with an aging step for the purpose of increasing the polymerization rate of the monomer after the addition of all the raw materials used is completed.
- the aging time is usually 1 to 120 minutes, preferably 10 to 100 minutes, more preferably 30 to 60 minutes. When the aging time is less than 1 minute, the monomer component may remain due to insufficient aging, and impurities due to the residual monomer are formed and the performance tends to be lowered.
- the preferable temperature of the polymer solution in the aging step is in the same range as the polymerization temperature.
- hydrophobic group-containing copolymer As the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer (or a polymer composition containing the same) of the present invention, it is excellent in the dispersion performance of hydrophobic particles, so that it can be suitably used for, for example, a pitch control agent and a pigment dispersant. Moreover, it can be used suitably also for uses, such as a detergent builder or a detergent composition. Below, the use of a pitch control agent, a pigment dispersant, and a detergent builder / detergent composition is taken as an example, and the case where the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention is used for these uses will be described.
- This invention is also a pitch control agent containing the hydrophobic group containing copolymer of this invention.
- the content of the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer in the pitch control agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 to 100% by mass, more preferably 50 to 100% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the pitch control agent. It is.
- the pitch control agent may contain other additives in addition to the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer.
- Other additives are not particularly limited, and examples include chelating agents, surfactants, and conventional pitch control agents.
- Aminocarboxylic acid such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and these salts
- Phosphonic acids such as hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonic acid
- carboxylic acids such as acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, phthalic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid and salts thereof.
- nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, etc. are mentioned.
- limit especially as said conventional pitch control agent For example, a talc, a cationic polymer, a solvent, an enzyme, etc. are mentioned.
- the content of other additives in the pitch control agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 80% by mass, more preferably 0 to 50% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the pitch control agent.
- the present invention is also a pigment dispersant containing the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention.
- the content of the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer in the pigment dispersant is not particularly limited, but is preferably 20 to 100% by mass, more preferably 50 to 100% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the pigment dispersant. It is.
- the pigment dispersant may contain other additives in addition to the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer.
- Other additives are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include condensed phosphoric acid and salts thereof, phosphonic acid and salts thereof, and polyvinyl alcohol.
- the content of other additives in the pigment dispersant is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 80% by mass, more preferably 0 to 50% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the pigment dispersant.
- the present invention is also a detergent builder or detergent composition comprising the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention.
- the content of the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer in the detergent composition is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint that excellent builder performance can be exhibited, the content of the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer is determined by the detergent composition.
- the content is 0.1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 10% by mass, and still more preferably 0.5 to 5% by mass.
- Detergent compositions used in detergent applications usually include surfactants and additives used in detergents. Specific forms of these surfactants and additives are not particularly limited, and conventionally known knowledge can be appropriately referred to in the detergent field.
- the detergent composition may be a powder detergent composition or a liquid detergent composition.
- the surfactant is one or more selected from the group consisting of an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant.
- the total amount of the anionic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 60% by mass with respect to the total amount of the surfactant. Or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 80% by mass or more.
- anionic surfactants include alkylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl ether sulfate, alkenyl ether sulfate, alkyl sulfate, alkenyl sulfate, ⁇ -olefin sulfonate, ⁇ -sulfo fatty acid or ester salt, alkane sulfonate , Saturated fatty acid salt, unsaturated fatty acid salt, alkyl ether carboxylate, alkenyl ether carboxylate, amino acid type surfactant, N-acyl amino acid type surfactant, alkyl phosphate ester or salt thereof, alkenyl phosphate ester or Its salts are preferred.
- An alkyl group such as a methyl group may be branched from the alkyl group or alkenyl group in these anionic surfactants.
- Nonionic surfactants include polyoxyalkylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene alkenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers, higher fatty acid alkanolamides or alkylene oxide adducts thereof, sucrose fatty acid esters, alkyl glycoxides, fatty acid glycerin mono Esters, alkylamine oxides and the like are preferred.
- An alkyl group such as a methyl group may be branched from the alkyl group or alkenyl group in these nonionic surfactants.
- cationic surfactant a quaternary ammonium salt or the like is suitable.
- amphoteric surfactant a carboxyl type amphoteric surfactant, a sulfobetaine type amphoteric surfactant, and the like are suitable.
- the alkyl group and alkenyl group in these cationic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants may be branched from an alkyl group such as a methyl group.
- the blending ratio of the surfactant is usually 10 to 60% by mass, preferably 15 to 50% by mass, more preferably 20 to 45% by mass, particularly preferably based on the total amount of the detergent composition. Is 25 to 40% by mass. If the surfactant content is too small, sufficient detergency may not be achieved, and if the surfactant content is too high, the economy may be reduced.
- Additives include anti-redeposition agent to prevent redeposition of contaminants such as alkali builder, chelate builder, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, stain inhibitor such as benzotriazole and ethylene-thiourea, soil release agent, color transfer Inhibitors, softeners, alkaline substances for pH adjustment, fragrances, solubilizers, fluorescent agents, colorants, foaming agents, foam stabilizers, polishes, bactericides, bleaching agents, bleaching aids, enzymes, dyes A solvent or the like is preferable. In the case of a powder detergent composition, it is preferable to blend zeolite.
- the detergent composition may contain another detergent builder in addition to the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention.
- other detergent builders include, but are not limited to, alkali builders such as carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, and silicates, tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, bow glass, nitrilotriacetate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, And acid salt, copolymer salt of (meth) acrylic acid, acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer, fumarate, chelate builder such as zeolite, and carboxyl derivative of polysaccharide such as carboxymethylcellulose.
- the counter salt used in the builder include alkali metals such as sodium and potassium, ammonium and amine.
- the total blending ratio of the additive and other detergent builder is usually preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the cleaning composition. More preferably, it is 0.2 to 40% by mass, still more preferably 0.3 to 35% by mass, particularly preferably 0.4 to 30% by mass, and most preferably 0.5 to 20% by mass. is there. If the additive / other detergent builder content is less than 0.1% by mass, sufficient detergent performance may not be achieved, and if it exceeds 50% by mass, the economy may be reduced.
- the concept of the above-mentioned detergent composition includes specific detergents such as synthetic detergents for household detergents, textile industry and other industrial detergents, hard surface cleaners, and bleaching detergents that enhance one of the components. Also included are detergents that are only used.
- the amount of water contained in the liquid detergent composition is usually preferably 0.1 to 75% by mass, more preferably based on the total amount of the liquid detergent composition. Is 0.2 to 70% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 65% by mass, still more preferably 0.7 to 60% by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 55% by mass, The amount is preferably 1.5 to 50% by mass.
- proteases lipases, cellulases, and the like are suitable as enzymes that can be incorporated into the cleaning composition.
- proteases alkaline lipases, and alkaline cellulases that are highly active in an alkaline cleaning solution are preferred.
- the amount of the enzyme added is preferably 5% by mass or less with respect to 100% by mass of the cleaning composition. If it exceeds 5% by mass, improvement in detergency cannot be seen, and the economy may be reduced.
- the hydrophobic group-containing copolymer of the present invention has the above-described configuration and is excellent in dispersibility of hydrophobic particles, and therefore can be suitably used for pitch control agents, pigment dispersants, detergent builders / detergent compositions, and the like. Moreover, it can use suitably also for uses, such as a water treatment agent, a scale inhibitor, the scale inhibitor for RO membranes, and the scale inhibitor for oil fields.
- Example 1 (Monomer synthesis) A 500 mL glass four-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirrer (paddle blade) was charged with 370.0 g of n-butyl alcohol and 4.27 g of sodium hydroxide in pellet form and stirred to 60 ° C. The temperature rose. Next, 57.0 g of allyl glycidyl ether (hereinafter also referred to as “AGE”) was added over 30 minutes, and then reacted for 5 hours. This solution was transferred to a 1,000 ml eggplant flask and desolvated with a rotary evaporator.
- AGE allyl glycidyl ether
- Example 2 A 1,000 mL glass separable flask equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirrer (paddle blade) was charged with 100.0 g of pure water and 0.0126 g of Mole salt, and the temperature was raised to 85 ° C. while stirring to polymerize the reaction. It was a system. Next, 159.4 g of 80% AA, 85.0 g of monomer (1), 88.9 g of 15% NaPS, and 38% of 35% SBS were placed in a polymerization reaction system maintained at 85 ° C. with stirring. 0.1 g was added dropwise in the same manner as in Example 1. After completion of the dropwise addition, the reaction solution was kept at 85 ° C.
- ⁇ Comparative example 2> A glass separable flask with a capacity of 1,000 mL equipped with a reflux condenser and a stirrer (paddle blade) was charged with 146.8 g of pure water and 0.0186 g of Mole salt, and heated to 85 ° C. while stirring. A polymerization reaction system was used. Next, in a polymerization reaction system maintained at 85 ° C. with stirring, 270.0 g of 80% AA, 11 g of monomer (1), 60 g of 15% NaPS, and 20 g of 35% SBS were respectively provided in separate nozzles. More dripped.
- the dropping time of each solution was 180 minutes for 80% AA, 140 minutes for monomer (1), 190 minutes for 15% NaPS, and 175 minutes for 35% SBS. Moreover, the dropping rate of each solution was made constant, and each solution was dropped continuously. After the completion of the dropwise addition of 80% AA, the reaction solution was kept at 85 ° C. (ripening) for another 30 minutes to complete the polymerization. After completion of the polymerization, 197.5 g of 48% NaOH was gradually added dropwise while stirring and allowing the polymerization reaction liquid to cool, thereby neutralizing the polymerization reaction liquid. Thus, a polymer aqueous solution having a solid content concentration of 45% was obtained. The weight average molecular weight of the polymer was 35,000.
- the dropping time of each solution was 180 minutes for 80% AA, 140 minutes for monomer (1), 190 minutes for 15% NaPS, and 175 minutes for 35% SBS. Moreover, the dropping rate of each solution was made constant, and each solution was dropped continuously. After the completion of the dropwise addition of 80% AA, the reaction solution was kept at 85 ° C. (ripening) for another 30 minutes to complete the polymerization. After completion of the polymerization, 197.5 g of 48% NaOH was gradually added dropwise while stirring and allowing the polymerization reaction liquid to cool, thereby neutralizing the polymerization reaction liquid. Thus, a polymer aqueous solution having a solid content concentration of 45% was obtained. The weight average molecular weight of the polymer was 60,000.
- the polymers obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were measured for carbon black dispersibility by the following method.
- a buffer solution and a 0.1% polymer aqueous solution were prepared.
- the above buffer solution was prepared by adding pure water to 6.76 g of glycine, 5.26 g of sodium chloride and 0.50 g of 48% sodium hydroxide to make the total amount 60.0 g, and then 0.123 g of calcium chloride dihydrate, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate 0.056 g was added, and pure water was added to make 1000.0 g.
- the 0.1% aqueous polymer solution used was prepared by diluting the polymer obtained in Examples 1-2 or Comparative Examples 1-3 with an appropriate amount of water to a solid content concentration of 0.1% by mass. .
- each solution and carbon black powder were charged into a 30 ml test tube in a predetermined order and in a predetermined amount.
- the predetermined order and the predetermined amount are as follows: 0.03 g of carbon black powder is charged as the first, 27.0 g of buffer solution is charged as the second, and finally 0.1% polymer aqueous solution 3 is charged. 0.0 g was charged. After each solution and carbon black powder were charged in this order, the test tube was capped and slowly reversed up and down 60 times to stir the contents.
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Abstract
Description
以下に本発明を詳述する。
なお、以下において記載する本発明の個々の好ましい形態を2つ以上組み合わせたものもまた、本発明の好ましい形態である。
上記疎水性基含有単量体は、上記式(1)のR1において、炭素数1~20の疎水性有機基を有するため、本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体は、疎水性の相互作用により疎水性粒子とのなじみが良く、粒子の凝集を防いで、疎水性粒子を分散させることができる。これにより、疎水性の粒子の凝集を抑制することができる。また、上記疎水性基含有共重合体は、カルボン酸系単量体由来の構造単位(B)を有することによって、本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体の水溶性が良好になる。したがって、本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体は、構造単位(A)と構造単位(B)とを有することにより、水等の親水性溶媒中の疎水性粒子に対する良好な分散性能を発揮することができる。
上記構造単位(A)の割合として好ましくは18~50質量%であり、より好ましくは20~49質量%であり、更に好ましくは21~47質量%であり、一層好ましくは25~45質量%であり、より一層好ましくは28~42質量%であり、特に好ましくは30~40質量%である。
本発明において、上記カルボン酸系単量体由来の構造単位(B)の割合を計算する場合は、対応する酸に換算して計算するものとする。例えば、上記構造単位(B)が、アクリル酸ナトリウム由来の構造単位-CH2-CH(COONa)-であれば、対応する酸であるアクリル酸由来の構造単位-CH2-CH(COOH)-として、質量割合(質量%)の計算をする。
なお、同様に、単量体成分におけるカルボン酸系単量体の質量割合(質量%)を計算する場合も、対応する酸に換算して計算するものとする。例えば、アクリル酸ナトリウムであれば、対応する酸であるアクリル酸として質量割合(質量%)の計算をする。
重量平均分子量が10000以上であれば、疎水性基含有共重合体の分散性能を充分に発揮することができる。この理由としては、共重合体の重量平均分子量が10000以上であれば、ミクロ相分離が生じ、共重合体の疎水性が部分的により大きくなることによることが考えられる。
重量平均分子量として好ましくは10000~500000であり、より好ましくは10000~100000であり、更に好ましくは10000~50000である。
重量平均分子量が上記好ましい範囲であれば、共重合体の粘度をより好適な範囲とすることができ、取扱いに優れるものとなる。通常、共重合体の重量平均分子量が大きい方が、分散性能に優れる傾向があるが、上述の疎水性基含有共重合体における構造単位(A)の割合を上記好ましい範囲とすることにより、重量平均分子量を小さくした場合にも、充分な分散性能を発揮することができる。したがって、疎水性基含有共重合体における構造単位(A)の割合を上記好ましい範囲とすることと、重量平均分子量を上記好ましい範囲とすることとを組み合わせることにより、本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体は、取扱いに優れ、かつ、より充分な分散性能を発揮することができ、このような構造単位(A)の割合と重量平均分子量との組み合わせを有する疎水性基含有共重合体は、本発明の好適な実施形態の1つである。
なお、本明細書中、重量平均分子量は、GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー)による測定値であり、後述する測定条件にて測定することができる。
本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体は、上記式(1)で表される疎水性基含有単量体由来の構造単位(A)を有する。上記疎水性基含有単量体(以下、単量体(a)ともいう。)は、上記式(1)のR1において、炭素数1~20の疎水性有機基を有するため、疎水性の相互作用により疎水性粒子とのなじみが良く、粒子の凝集を防いで、疎水性粒子を分散させることができる。
上記炭化水素基としては、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基 、シクロアルキル基、アリール基等が挙げられる。上記炭化水素基としては、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アリール基が好ましく、より好ましくはアルキル基、アルケニル基であり、更に好ましくはアルキル基である。
また、上記疎水性有機基の炭素数としては、2~18が好ましく、より好ましくは3~12であり、更に好ましくは4~6である。上記炭素数が4以上であれば疎水性をより充分に発揮することができ、6以下であれば、重合性をより充分に向上させることができる。
上記疎水性有機基は、疎水性である限り、ヘテロ原子を含んでいてもよく、例えば、上記炭化水素基において水素原子がハロゲン等によって置換されたものであってもよい。
X2としては、1~3であることが好ましい。
また、X2が0である場合、R1で表される疎水性基の効果をより充分に発揮することができる。共重合体の疎水性の観点からは、X2としては、0であることがより好ましい。
本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体は、親水性と疎水性とのバランスを良好なものとすることにより、親水性溶媒中の疎水性粒子に対する分散性能をより充分に発揮することができるため、共重合体における構造単位(B)の割合等に応じてX2の値を調節することが好ましい。
上記式(1)におけるRaは、CH2基、CH2CH2基又は直接結合であり、好ましくはCH2基である。
上記式(1)におけるRbは、CH2基、CH2CH2基又は直接結合であり、好ましくはCH2基である。
ただし、Ra及びRbが直接結合、かつ、X1が0である場合は、X2は1~5の数である。
上記炭素数としては、上述の疎水性有機基における炭素数のとおりである。
上記R0としては、水素原子であることが好ましく、Raとしては、CH2基であることが好ましい。
式(2)における疎水性有機基の具体例及び好ましい例としては、上述の通りである。
本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体は、カルボン酸系単量体由来の構造単位(B)を有する。
上記カルボン酸系単量体(以下、単量体(b)ともいう)は、不飽和二重結合(炭素炭素二重結合)と、カルボキシ基及び/又はカルボン酸塩基とを含む単量体である。
本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体は、構造単位(B)を有することによって、水溶性が良好になる。
上記不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体として具体的には、例えば、マレイン酸、イタコン酸、シトラコン酸、フマル酸等の不飽和ジカルボン酸、これらの塩、及び、これらの無水物等が挙げられる。また、これら不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体と炭素数1~22個のアルコールとのハーフエステル、不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体と炭素数1~22のアミンとのハーフアミド、不飽和ジカルボン酸系単量体と炭素数2~4のグリコールとのハーフエステル、マレアミド酸と炭素数2~4のグリコールとのハーフアミド等であってもよい。
上記その他の単量体(e)としては、具体的には、ビニルスルホン酸、スチレンスルホン酸及、(メタ)アリルスルホン酸、3-(メタ)アリルオキシ-2-ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸、3-(メタ)アリルオキシ-1-ヒドロキシプロパンスルホン酸、2-(メタ)アリルオキシエチレンスルホン酸、2-アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸及びこれらの塩等のスルホン酸(塩)基含有単量体;(メタ)アリルアルコール、イソプレノール等の不飽和アルコールにアルキレンオキサイドを付加した単量体、アルコキシアルキレングリコールの(メタ)アクリル酸エステル等のポリアルキレングリコール鎖含有単量体(単量体(a)に該当する単量体は除くものとする);ビニルピリジン、ビニルイミダゾール等の複素環式芳香族炭化水素基を有するビニル芳香族系単量体;ジメチルアミノエチルアクリレート、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート、ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリレート等のジアルキルアミノアルキル(メタ)アクリレート、ジメチルアミノエチルアクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリルアミド、ジメチルアミノプロピルアクリルアミド等のジアルキルアミノアルキル(メタ)アクリルアミド、ジアリルアミン、ジアリルジメチルアミン等のジアリルアルキルアミン等のアリルアミン等のアミノ基含有単量体及びこれらの四級化物;N-ビニルピロリドン、N-ビニルホルムアミド、N-ビニルアセトアミド、N-ビニル-N-メチルホルムアミド、N-ビニル-N-メチルアセトアミド、N-ビニルオキサゾリドン等のN-ビニル単量体;(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジメチルアクリルアミド、N-イソプロピルアクリルアミド等のアミド系単量体;(メタ)アリルアルコール、イソプレノール等の水酸基含有単量体;ブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-エチルヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート、ドデシル(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸アルキルエステル系単量体;2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、4-ヒドロキシブチル(メタ)アクリレート、2-ヒドロキシヘキシル(メタ)アクリレート等の(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシアルキル系単量体;スチレン、インデン、ビニルアニリン等のビニルアリール単量体;イソブチレン、酢酸ビニル等が挙げられる。
なお、上記四級化物は、上記アミノ基含有単量体に通常用いられる四級化剤を反応させることによって得られるものである。上記四級化剤としては、ハロゲン化アルキル、ジアルキル硫酸等が挙げられる。
なお、上記構造単位(E)がアミノ基含有単量体由来の構造単位である場合には、全単量体に由来する構造単位の総量に対する質量割合や、アミノ基含有単量体の、全単量体の総量に対する質量割合を算出する際には、対応する未中和アミンの質量割合として計算するものとする。例えば、その他の単量体(e)がビニルアミン塩酸塩の場合には、対応する未中和アミンであるビニルアミンの質量割合(質量%)を計算する。
また、四級化されたアミノ基を含有する単量体又はそれに由来する構造単位の質量割合(質量%)を計算する場合には、カウンターアニオンの質量は考慮しないで(含めないで)計算するものとする。
上記構造単位(E)が酸基含有単量体由来の構造単位である場合には、全単量体由来の構造単位の総量に対する質量割合(質量%)は、対応する酸に換算して計算するものとする。また、酸基含有単量体の、全単量体の総量に対する質量割合(質量%)を計算する場合も、対応する酸に換算して計算するものとする。
本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体の製造は、特に制限されないが、例えば、上記単量体成分を重合する方法が挙げられる。
本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体の製造に用いる単量体成分は、上述のカルボン酸系単量体と疎水性基含有単量体とを必須として含み、任意に、その他の単量体を含んでいてもよい。
上記カルボン酸系単量体は、酸型であっても塩型(中和型)であってもよい。
上記単量体成分におけるカルボン酸系単量体、疎水性基含有単量体及びその他の単量体の含有割合は、上述のとおりである。
上記単量体成分に含まれるカルボン酸系単量体のすべてが酸型、又は、一部が塩型である場合、重合反応中及び/又は重合反応後に中和工程を行ってもよい。
好ましくは重合反応後において中和工程を行うことである。反応後にpHを中性付近に近づけることで、保存容器が金属の場合、腐食等をより充分に抑制することができる。
上記中和工程において、アルカリ成分を用いることが好ましい。
上記アルカリ成分としては、通常用いられているものを使用することができ、具体例としては、国際公開第2011/158945号に記載のものと同様のものが挙げられる。
上記アルカリ成分として好ましくはアルカリ金属の水酸化物であり、より好ましくは水酸化ナトリウムである。
上記中和工程で使用されるアルカリ成分の使用量は、上記疎水性基含有共重合体の全カルボキシル基に対するカルボキシル基の塩の割合が上述の範囲になるように設定することができる。
本発明のカルボン酸系水溶性重合体は、単量体成分を、重合開始剤(以下、開始剤ともいう)の存在下で重合して得ることが好ましい。
上記重合開始剤としては、通常重合開始剤として用いられているものを使用することができ、例えば、過硫酸塩;過酸化水素;アゾ系化合物;有機過酸化物等が好適である。これらの具体例としては、国際公開第2010/024448号に記載のものと同様のものが挙げられる。これらの重合開始剤は、単独で使用されてもよいし、2種以上の混合物の形態で使用されてもよい。重合体の分子量分布が小さくなる傾向にあるので、1種のみを使用することが好ましい。上記重合開始剤として好ましくは過硫酸塩であり、より好ましくは過硫酸ナトリウムである。
上記重合開始剤の使用量は、特に制限されないが、全単量体成分1モルに対して、10g以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは1~5gである。
本発明のカルボン酸系水溶性重合体の製造方法においては、重合開始剤の他に、連鎖移動剤を使用することも可能である。この際使用できる連鎖移動剤としては、分子量の調節ができる化合物であれば特に制限されず、通常連鎖移動剤として用いられているものを使用することができる。具体的には、チオール系連鎖移動剤;ハロゲン化物;第2級アルコール;亜リン酸、亜リン酸塩、次亜リン酸、次亜リン酸塩等;亜硫酸、亜硫酸水素、亜二チオン酸、メタ重亜硫酸、及びその塩(亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、亜硫酸水素カリウム、亜二チオン酸ナトリウム、亜二チオン酸カリウム、メタ重亜硫酸ナトリウム、メタ重亜硫酸カリウム等)等の、低級酸化物等が挙げられ、これらの具体例としては、国際公開第2010/024448号に記載のものと同様のものが挙げられる。上記連鎖移動剤は、単独で使用されてもよいし、2種以上の混合物の形態で使用されてもよい。
上記連鎖移動剤の中でも、亜硫酸や亜硫酸塩を用いることが好適である。すなわち、連鎖移動剤として、亜硫酸及び/又は亜硫酸塩(以下、「亜硫酸(塩)」と称す。)を少なくとも用いることが好適である。
なお、上記亜硫酸(塩)は、単独で使用されてもよいし、2種以上の混合物の形態で使用されてもよい。
本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体の製造方法は、重合開始剤等の他に、重合開始剤の分解触媒や還元性化合物(反応促進剤ともいう)を使用(重合系に添加)してもよい。
上記重合開始剤の分解触媒や還元性化合物として作用する化合物としては、重金属イオン(又は重金属塩)が挙げられる。すなわち、本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体の製造方法は、重合開始剤等の他に、重金属イオン(又は重金属塩)を使用(重合系に添加)してもよい。なお、本明細書中、重金属イオンとは、比重が4g/cm3以上の金属を意味する。
上記重金属イオンのイオン価は特に限定されるものではなく、例えば、重金属として鉄が用いられる場合、開始剤における鉄イオンとしては、Fe2+であっても、Fe3+であってよく、これらが組み合わされていてもよい。
上記重金属イオンとして鉄を用いる場合、モール塩(Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2・6H2O)、硫酸第一鉄・7水和物、塩化第一鉄、塩化第二鉄等の重金属塩等を用いることが好ましい。
本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体は、溶液重合で製造することが好ましい。この際使用できる溶媒は、全溶媒に対して50質量%が水である混合溶媒又は水であることが好ましい。溶媒としては水のみを使用することがより好ましい。ここで重合の際、水とともに使用できる有機溶剤としては、通常用いられているものを使用することができ、具体例としては、国際公開第2010/024448号に記載のものと同様のものが挙げられる。
上記重合の際の温度は好ましくは70℃以上であり、より好ましくは75~110℃であり、更に好ましくは80~105℃である。
重合反応における反応系内の圧力としては、常圧(大気圧)下、減圧下、加圧下のいずれであってもよい。
反応系内の雰囲気としては、空気雰囲気または不活性雰囲気でもよく、特に限定はなく、経済的には、空気雰囲気で行うことが好ましい。
熟成工程における好ましい重合体溶液の温度は、上記重合温度と同様の範囲である。
本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体(又はそれを含む重合体組成物)としては、疎水性粒子の分散性能に優れるため、例えば、ピッチコントロール剤、顔料分散剤の用途に好適に用いることができ、また、洗剤ビルダー又は洗剤組成物等の用途にも好適に用いることができる。
以下では、ピッチコントロール剤、顔料分散剤、洗剤ビルダー・洗剤組成物の用途を例に挙げ、これらの用途に本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体を用いた場合について、説明する。
本発明は、本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体を含むピッチコントロール剤でもある。
上記ピッチコントロール剤における疎水性基含有共重合体の含有量は、特に制限されないが、ピッチコントロール剤100質量%に対して、好ましくは20~100質量%であり、より好ましくは50~100質量%である。
上記従来のピッチコントロール剤としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、タルク、カチオンポリマー、溶剤、酵素等が挙げられる。
本発明は、本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体を含む顔料分散剤でもある。
上記顔料分散剤における疎水性基含有共重合体の含有量は、特に制限されないが、顔料分散剤100質量%に対して、好ましくは20~100質量%であり、より好ましくは50~100質量%である。
本発明は、本発明の疎水性基含有共重合体を含む洗剤ビルダー又は洗剤組成物でもある。
上記洗剤組成物における疎水性基含有共重合体の含有量は、特に制限されないが、優れたビルダー性能を発揮しうるという観点からは、疎水性基含有共重合体の含有量は、洗剤組成物の全量に対して、好ましくは0.1~15質量%であり、より好ましくは0.3~10質量%であり、更に好ましくは0.5~5質量%である。
装置:東ソー社製高速GPC装置(HLC-8320GPC)
検出器:RI
カラム:昭和電工社製 SHODEX Asahipak GF-310-HQ、GF-710-HQ、GF-1G 7B
カラム温度:40℃
流速:0.5ml/min
検量線:創和科学株式会社製 POLYACRYLIC ACID STANDARD
溶離液:0.1N酢酸ナトリウム/アセトニトリル=3/1(質量比)
(単量体の合成)
還流冷却器、攪拌機(パドル翼)を備えた容量500mLのガラス製4つ口フラスコに、n-ブチルアルコール370.0gと、ペレット状の水酸化ナトリウム4.27gを仕込み、攪拌しながら60℃まで昇温した。次に、アリルグリシジルエーテル(以下、「AGE」とも称する。)57.0gを30分かけて添加し、その後、5時間反応させた。この溶液を1,000mlのナスフラスコへ移し、ロータリーエバポレーターで脱溶媒した。ここに、20質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液200.0gを加え、この水溶液を500mlの分液ロートへ移し、よく振り混ぜた後、分層するまで静置し、下層を取り除いた。残った上層を300mlのナスフラスコへ移し、ロータリーエバポレーターで脱溶媒した。析出してきた塩を濾過により取り除き、単量体(1)を得た。
還流冷却器、攪拌機(パドル翼)を備えた容量1,000mLのガラス製セパラブルフラスコに、純水100.0g及びモール塩0.0116gを仕込み、攪拌しながら85℃まで昇温して重合反応系とした。次に、攪拌下、85℃に保持された重合反応系中に、80%アクリル酸水溶液(以下、「80%AA」とも称する。)175.0g、単量体(1)60.0g、15%過硫酸ナトリウム水溶液(以下、「15%NaPS」とも称する。)49.8g、及び、35%亜硫酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(以下、「35%SBS」とも称する。)19.4gを、それぞれ別々のノズルより滴下した。各溶液の滴下時間は、80%AAについては180分間、単量体(1)については120分間、15%NaPSについては210分間、35%SBSについては175分間とした。また、各溶液の滴下速度は一定とし、各溶液の滴下は連続的に行った。滴下終了後、更に30分間、前記反応溶液を85℃に保持(熟成)して重合を終了した。重合終了後、重合反応液を攪拌、放冷しながら、48%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(以下、「48%NaOH」とも称する。)137.8gを徐々に滴下し、重合反応液を中和した。このようにして、固形分濃度46%の重合体水溶液を得た。重合体の重量平均分子量は55,000であった。
還流冷却器、攪拌機(パドル翼)を備えた容量1,000mLのガラス製セパラブルフラスコに、純水100.0g及びモール塩0.0126gを仕込み、攪拌しながら85℃まで昇温して重合反応系とした。次に、攪拌下、85℃に保持された重合反応系中に、80%AAを159.4g、単量体(1)を85.0g、15%NaPSを88.9g、35%SBSを38.1g、実施例1と同様に滴下した。滴下終了後、更に30分間、前記反応溶液を85℃に保持(熟成)して重合を終了した。重合終了後、重合反応液を攪拌、放冷しながら、48%NaOHを125.4g徐々に滴下し、重合反応液を中和した。このようにして、固形分濃度46%の重合体水溶液を得た。重合体の重量平均分子量は18,000であった。
重量平均分子量50,000のポリアクリル酸ナトリウム(株式会社日本触媒製)45%水溶液を比較重合体(1)とした。
還流冷却器、攪拌機(パドル翼)を備えた容量1,000mLのガラス製セパラブルフラスコに、純水146.8g、及びモール塩0.0186gを仕込み、攪拌しながら、85℃まで昇温して重合反応系とした。次に、攪拌下、85℃に保持された重合反応系中に、80%AA 270.0g、単量体(1)11g、15%NaPS 60g、及び、35%SBS 20gを、それぞれ別々のノズルより滴下した。各溶液の滴下時間は、80%AAについては180分間、単量体(1)については140分間、15%NaPSについては190分間、35%SBSについては175分間とした。また、各溶液の滴下速度は一定とし、各溶液の滴下は連続的に行った。80%AAの滴下終了後、更に30分間、前記反応溶液を85℃に保持(熟成)して重合を終了した。重合終了後、重合反応液を攪拌、放冷しながら、48%NaOH 197.5gを徐々に滴下し、重合反応液を中和した。このようにして、固形分濃度45%の重合体水溶液を得た。重合体の重量平均分子量は35,000であった。
還流冷却器、攪拌機(パドル翼)を備えた容量1,000mLのガラス製セパラブルフラスコに、純水146.8g、及びモール塩0.0186gを仕込み、攪拌しながら、85℃まで昇温して重合反応系とした。次に、攪拌下、85℃に保持された重合反応系中に、80%AA 270.0g、単量体(1)24g、15%NaPS 80g、及び、35%SBS 30gを、それぞれ別々のノズルより滴下した。各溶液の滴下時間は、80%AAについては180分間、単量体(1)については140分間、15%NaPSについては190分間、35%SBSについては175分間とした。また、各溶液の滴下速度は一定とし、各溶液の滴下は連続的に行った。80%AAの滴下終了後、更に30分間、前記反応溶液を85℃に保持(熟成)して重合を終了した。重合終了後、重合反応液を攪拌、放冷しながら、48%NaOH 197.5gを徐々に滴下し、重合反応液を中和した。このようにして、固形分濃度45%の重合体水溶液を得た。重合体の重量平均分子量は60,000であった。
上記実施例1~2及び比較例1~3で得られた重合体について、以下の方法により、カーボンブラック分散能の測定を行った。
カーボンブラック分散能の測定においては、まず、緩衝溶液、及び、0.1%重合体水溶液を調製した。上記緩衝溶液は、グリシン6.76g、塩化ナトリウム5.26gおよび48%水酸化ナトリウム0.50gに純水を加えて全量を60.0gとした後、塩化カルシウム・2水和物0.123g、塩化マグネシウム6水和物0.056gを加え、以上に純水を加えて1000.0gとした。上記0.1%重合体水溶液は、上記実施例1~2又は比較例1~3で得られる重合体を適量の水で希釈して固形分濃度0.1質量%に調製したものを用いた。
次に、上記各溶液及びカーボンブラック粉末を所定の順序及び所定の量で30mlの試験管に仕込んだ。この所定の順序及び所定の量は以下の通りである:第一番目としてカーボンブラック粉末0.03gを仕込み、第二番目として緩衝溶液27.0gを仕込み、最後に0.1%重合体水溶液3.0gを仕込んだ。
各溶液及びカーボンブラック粉末をこの順序で仕込んだ後、試験管に蓋をし、ゆっくり上下60往復反転させ、内容物を撹拌した。その後、常温で20時間静置し、20時間経過後、直ちに上澄み液を1cmの石英セルに入れ、分光光度計(測定装置;島津製作所社製 UV-1800)により、UV波長380nmにおける吸光度を測定した。結果を表1に示した。なお、吸光度が高い方が、カーボンブラック粉末を良く分散していることを示す。
Claims (4)
- 下記式(1);
該共重合体は、共重合体における構造単位(A)の割合が、全単量体由来の構造単位100質量%に対して16質量%以上、50質量%以下であり、
共重合体の重量平均分子量が、10000~1000000であることを特徴とする疎水性基含有共重合体。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の疎水性基含有共重合体を含むことを特徴とするピッチコントロール剤。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の疎水性基含有共重合体を含むことを特徴とする顔料分散剤。
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- 2016-03-10 WO PCT/JP2016/057510 patent/WO2016152547A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-03-10 US US15/560,871 patent/US10738156B2/en active Active
- 2016-03-10 EP EP16768450.5A patent/EP3275907B1/en active Active
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2017
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JP2019006912A (ja) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-01-17 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 疎水性基含有共重合体 |
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US10738156B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 |
JPWO2016152547A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
EP3275907A4 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
JP6659631B2 (ja) | 2020-03-04 |
US20180118886A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
JP6193504B2 (ja) | 2017-09-06 |
EP3275907B1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
JP2018039985A (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
EP3275907A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
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