WO2016152147A1 - Direct current interruption device - Google Patents

Direct current interruption device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016152147A1
WO2016152147A1 PCT/JP2016/001649 JP2016001649W WO2016152147A1 WO 2016152147 A1 WO2016152147 A1 WO 2016152147A1 JP 2016001649 W JP2016001649 W JP 2016001649W WO 2016152147 A1 WO2016152147 A1 WO 2016152147A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switch
current
circuit breaker
circuit
direct current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/001649
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
丹羽　芳充
正将 安藤
亙 坂口
哲也 長谷川
隆司 大嶋
昂 大坊
Original Assignee
株式会社 東芝
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2015060683A external-priority patent/JP6386955B2/en
Priority claimed from JP2015060684A external-priority patent/JP6448431B2/en
Application filed by 株式会社 東芝 filed Critical 株式会社 東芝
Priority to EP16768053.7A priority Critical patent/EP3276648B1/en
Publication of WO2016152147A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016152147A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/546—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being triggered by the voltage over the mechanical switch contacts

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a DC interrupting device that interrupts a DC current.
  • a power transmission system that transmits electric power is required to have a function of interrupting a transmission current in order to cope with an accident or the like.
  • a circuit breaker is used for this purpose. Since there is a time (current zero point) when the current becomes zero in the alternating current, the current can be cut off relatively easily at the current zero point. On the other hand, unlike an alternating current, since there is no current zero point in a direct current, an arc is likely to occur at the time of interruption. For this reason, the DC breaker generally has a mechanism for reducing arcs.
  • the DC circuit breaker includes, for example, an energization path having a switch (switch) and a current interrupt path that is connected in parallel with the energization path and that can gradually reduce the current.
  • a switch (switch) on the energization path is closed and a current flows through the energization path.
  • the current interrupting path is temporarily turned on and the switch (switch) is opened to switch the current path from the energizing path to the current interrupting path and to pass current through the current interrupting path (commutation). . Thereafter, the current in the current interrupt path is quickly reduced to interrupt the current.
  • the current switching from the energization path to the current cutoff path is fast.
  • the switching is delayed, the current at the time of the accident increases, and the current that should be interrupted by the current interrupt path increases.
  • a large-capacity current interrupting path is required, and the circuit breaker may be enlarged.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a DC cutoff device that is miniaturized.
  • the DC circuit breaker includes an energization path, a commutation circuit, a semiconductor circuit breaker, and a nonlinear resistor.
  • the energizing path carries a direct current and has first and second switches.
  • the second switch is connected in series with the first switch, and has a lower withstand voltage than the first switch.
  • the semiconductor breaker and the non-linear resistor are connected in parallel with the current path.
  • FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the DC interrupter of the first embodiment.
  • the direct current interrupt device of the first embodiment includes an energization path 10, a current interrupt path 30, a current detector 21, and a controller 50.
  • the current interruption path 30 is connected in parallel to the energization path 10.
  • the current detector 21 detects the current of the energization path 10 and the current cutoff path 30 as a whole.
  • the controller 50 controls the flow of current in the energization path 10 and the current cutoff path 30 based on the value of the current detected by the current detector 21.
  • the energization path 10 has a switch 11 as a first switch, a switch 12 as a second switch, a resistor 13, a commutation circuit 14, and a transient voltage suppression circuit 15.
  • Switch 11 and switch 12 are connected in series.
  • the switch 11 has a first withstand voltage.
  • the switch 11 is controlled to be closed or opened by the controller 50 and switches between passing and not passing the current regardless of the semiconductor breaker 31 (regardless of the semiconductor breaker 31).
  • a switch (gas switch) using an insulating gas such as SF 6 gas can be used.
  • the insulating gas is filled in the container that houses the electrode of the switch 11.
  • the switch 12 has a second withstand voltage (for example, about several kV) lower than the first withstand voltage.
  • the switch 12 is controlled to be closed or opened by the controller 50, and switches between passing and not passing the current regardless of the semiconductor breaker 31 (regardless of the semiconductor breaker 31).
  • a vacuum switch can be used as the switch 12.
  • a vacuum valve 120 (see FIGS. 3 and 4 to be described later) can be used for the switch portion of the vacuum switch.
  • the commutation circuit 14 is connected in parallel with the switch 12.
  • the commutation circuit 14 is a current source that outputs a current in a direction opposite to the direction of the current to be interrupted (the direct current flowing through the energization path 10). Details of this will be described later.
  • the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is connected in parallel with the switch 12.
  • the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 includes, for example, a capacitor 15 a and protects the switch 12 from a transient voltage applied to the switch 12.
  • the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is installed only in the switch 12.
  • the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 may be installed in both the switches 11 and 12.
  • the current breaking path 30 includes a semiconductor breaker 31 as a semiconductor switch and a non-linear resistor 32 connected in parallel with the semiconductor breaker 31.
  • the controller 50 starts open control (breaking control) for opening the electrodes of the switches 11 and 12.
  • the controller 50 controls the commutation circuit 14 after the start of the open control (breaking control), and promotes switching (commutation) of the current path from the energization path 10 to the semiconductor circuit breaker 31. Specifically, the controller 50 controls the commutation circuit 14 to inject a current in a direction opposite to the current direction of the switch 12 into the switch 12, thereby causing the switch 12 (the current path 10) to flow. The current is 0. As a result, the current flowing through the energization path 10 flows through the semiconductor circuit breaker 31.
  • the controller 50 controls the semiconductor breaker 31 in the on state after the start of the opening control of the electrodes of the switches 11 and 12, and switches it to the off state.
  • the switches 11 and 12 of the energization path 10 are closed, and a current flows through the energization path 10.
  • the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 is turned on, while the switches 11 and 12 are cut off.
  • a current in the direction opposite to the current flowing through the switch 12 is injected from the commutation circuit 14 into the switch 12, and the current flowing through the switch 12 (conduction path 10) becomes zero.
  • the current path is quickly switched from the energization path 10 to the current cutoff path 30 (commutation). Thereafter, the current in the current interrupt path 30 is quickly reduced, and the current is interrupted.
  • the direct current during normal operation is generally considered to be from left to right and from right to left in the figure.
  • This DC circuit breaker can handle both.
  • the direct current during normal operation flows from the left to the right in the figure.
  • the switches 11 and 12 can switch between passing and not passing through the semiconductor circuit breaker 31.
  • the switch 11 has a predetermined large pressure resistance (described later).
  • the pressure resistance of the switch 12 is lower than the pressure resistance of the switch 11.
  • the instantaneous interruption performance (opening / closing speed) of the switch 12 is higher than the instantaneous interruption performance (opening / closing speed) of the switch 11. The details of the switch 12 will be described later with reference to FIGS.
  • the switches 11 and 12 thus have different characteristics (pressure resistance, high speed) and thus their roles.
  • the switches 11 and 12 are connected in series and controlled by the controller 50 to open and close the respective electrodes.
  • the resistor 13 is connected in parallel with the switch 12.
  • the resistance of the resistor 13 is larger than the ON resistance of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 at the time of current interruption, and smaller than the resistance of the nonlinear resistor 32 connected in parallel with the semiconductor circuit breaker 31.
  • the open switch 11 is in an insulated state, and its resistance is sufficiently larger than the resistance of the resistor 13 connected in parallel to the switch 12. For this reason, when the switch 11 is opened, most of the voltage across the switches 11 and 12 is applied to the switch 11. As a result, dielectric breakdown of the switch 12 is prevented.
  • the current detector 21 detects the current flowing through the energization path 10 and the current cutoff path 30 and transmits the detected current value to the controller 50. For this reason, the current detector 21 is disposed before the joining position of the energizing path 10 and the current interrupting path 30 on the circuit through which the current flows.
  • the following configurations (a) and (b) can be adopted as the current detector 21.
  • a resistor having a very small resistance value is inserted into the energizing path 10. The voltage across this resistor is detected and converted to a current.
  • the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 is a switch that is controlled by the controller 50 to switch between current passing and not passing.
  • a combination of an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) and a diode can be used.
  • the IGBT and diode pair are connected in antiparallel (in parallel with the forward directions being opposite to each other). These two pairs are connected in series in opposite directions (facing each other) to form unit elements.
  • the semiconductor breaker 31 can be configured by connecting a large number of unit elements in series and adding terminals to both ends thereof.
  • the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 generally has a resistance (on-resistance) in the on state, and a voltage drop occurs due to energization. In the case of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 shown in FIG. 1, this voltage drop increases depending on the number of unit elements in series. That is, the on-resistance of the entire semiconductor circuit breaker 31 also increases depending on the number of series.
  • the series number of unit elements is determined so that the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 that has been turned off due to current interruption can withstand the applied high voltage.
  • the number of series required when the DC voltage is several hundred kV is a somewhat large number (for example, several hundreds).
  • Standard control of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 by the controller 50 is as follows. At normal time, the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 is turned off. At the time of interruption, the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 is once switched on and then quickly returned to the off state.
  • the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 can be controlled by means other than this standard method.
  • the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 may be turned on at normal times. Even in this case, due to the on-resistance of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31, almost no current flows in the current interrupting path 30, and virtually all current flows in the energizing path 10.
  • the commutation circuit 14 is connected in parallel with the switch 12.
  • the current injection operation of the commutation circuit 14 is controlled by the controller 50.
  • the commutation circuit 14 is controlled by the controller 50 to inject a current (hereinafter also referred to as “reverse current”) in the reverse direction to the interrupted current into the switch 12.
  • the commutation circuit 14 can use a series circuit in which a capacitor 14a, a reactor 14b, and a semiconductor switch 14c are connected in series.
  • the capacitor 14a is charged to a predetermined voltage by a charging device (not shown).
  • the semiconductor switch 14c is controlled by the controller 50 to be in an open (shutoff) state or a closed (injection) state.
  • Reactor 14b relaxes the flow of current during injection.
  • the reactor 14b can be omitted as in a second embodiment and a second modification described later. The details of the operation of the commutation circuit 14 when the current is interrupted and the waveform of the current at this time will be described later.
  • the controller 50 controls the commutation circuit 14 to forcibly generate current and inject it into the switch 12.
  • the direction of this current is opposite to the direction of the current flowing through the switch 12 (the current to be cut off).
  • the current flowing through the entire energization path 10 becomes 0, and the current path is quickly switched from the energization path 10 to the current interrupt path 30 (semiconductor circuit breaker 31) (commutation).
  • the non-linear resistor 32 is connected in parallel with the semiconductor circuit breaker 31.
  • the non-linear resistor 32 functions at the final stage of the breaking operation of the DC breaking device. Specifically, when both the energization path 10 and the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 are not current-carrying, the non-linear resistor 32 allows current to flow temporarily.
  • the controller 50 controls the opening and closing of the electrodes of the switches 11 and 12 and the switching of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 on and off.
  • the controller 50 controls on / off of the commutation circuit 14 that is a source of reverse current and its output current.
  • controller 50 there are subordinate controllers corresponding to these controls. These lower level controllers are connected to each other, and information necessary for control is transmitted and shared.
  • the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 When the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is not installed, a steep voltage is generated in the switches 11 and 12 instantly when the current of the switch 12 is zero. However, by installing the transient voltage suppression circuit 15, it is possible to suppress a transient voltage generated at the moment when the current is zero (near time E in FIG. 3).
  • FIG. 3 shows a hardware configuration of the vacuum valve 120 which is a switch part of the switch 12 of the DC circuit breaker.
  • FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the longitudinal magnetic field electrode portion of the vacuum valve 120 of FIG.
  • the vacuum valve 120 includes, as main components, a cylindrical soot tube 121, a fixed side electrode 122, a movable side electrode 123, a fixed side energizing shaft 124, a movable side energizing shaft 125, and a bellows 126.
  • the main configuration of the vacuum valve 120 is illustrated.
  • the vacuum valve 120 also includes a drive mechanism (not shown) for moving the movable side energizing shaft 125 in the axial direction.
  • the cylindrical soot tube 121 is a cylindrical container in which the opening portions at both ends are sealed.
  • This container is a vacuum container in which the inside is maintained in a vacuum.
  • a bellows 126 is disposed at a sliding portion between the soot tube 121 and the movable side energizing shaft 125.
  • the bellows 126 can drive the movable energizing shaft 125 in the direction of the arrow while maintaining the vacuum state of the vacuum container (blocking from the outside).
  • vacuum switches are not very high withstand voltage, but have excellent insulation recovery characteristics. For this reason, the vacuum switch can be suitably used as the switch 12. After the current in the current path 10 becomes zero, a relatively low voltage is applied to the switch 12 due to the voltage drop of the semiconductor breaker 31 in the on state. The vacuum switch can withstand this low applied voltage and has excellent insulation recovery characteristics as a direct current circuit breaker.
  • the fixed side electrode 122 and the movable side electrode 123 of the vacuum valve 120 constitute a longitudinal magnetic field electrode.
  • slits 127 and 128 are arranged obliquely on the peripheral portions (outer peripheral surfaces) of the fixed side electrode 122 and the movable side electrode 123 so as to draw a spiral with respect to the central axis. Since the spiral direction (here, the right-handed screw direction) is the same for the fixed electrode 122 and the movable electrode 123, the currents 129 and 130 rotate in the same direction. As a result, the vertical magnetic field 132 is applied to the arc 131 in the vacuum valve 120 by the rotating currents 129 and 130.
  • the longitudinal magnetic field 132 is generated by the currents 129 and 130 caused by the arc 131.
  • the longitudinal magnetic field 132 stabilizes the arc 131 so that it is uniformly distributed throughout the electrode. As a result, partial damage of the electrode due to the arc 131 is suppressed. In this way, excellent insulation recovery characteristics can be maintained by suppressing electrode damage.
  • FIG. 5 shows a time-series change in current of each part of the DC interrupter.
  • FIG. 5 shows the total current 41, which is the sum of the current flowing in the energizing path 10 and the current flowing in the current breaking path 30, the current 42 of the semiconductor breaker 31, the current 43 of the switch 12, and the application to the DC breaker.
  • the time series change of each voltage 45 is shown.
  • the controller 50 starts the breaking control (electrode opening control) for opening and closing each electrode to the switches 11 and 12 (time opening C) (time C).
  • the shutoff control (electrode opening control) of the switches 11 and 12 is started, the pair of electrodes of the switches 11 and 12 are physically separated from each other. An arc occurs and current continues to flow.
  • the controller 50 controls the commutation circuit 14, and a reverse current is injected from the commutation circuit 14 to the switch 12 (time D).
  • a reverse current is injected into the switch 12
  • the current 43 of the switch 12 decreases and reaches zero (time E).
  • the controller 50 controls the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 and turns off (cuts off the current flow) after the time point (considered) when the open state of the electrodes of the switches 11 and 12 is established (considered). State).
  • the current in the energization path 10 has already been cut off, and at time F, the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 is controlled to be turned off and switched to a current cut-off state. For this reason, after time F, a current temporarily flows through the nonlinear resistor 32.
  • a DC voltage 44 (for example, 300 kV) corresponding to the DC power transmission system is applied to the DC circuit breaker.
  • the effect of the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, when the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is not installed (without the transient voltage suppression circuit 15), when the commutation is completed (time E), a high transient voltage 51 is suddenly generated. . However, when the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is installed, the transient voltage is absorbed by the capacitor 15a, and the transient voltage 52 becomes low.
  • the DC circuit breaker since a switch using a semiconductor (semiconductor circuit breaker 31) is not used in the energization path 10, it is possible to greatly reduce power loss during energization. Further, since the commutation circuit 14 is arranged in parallel with the switch 12, the current in the energization path 10 can be forcibly and quickly commutated to the current interrupt path 30 (in a few ms as an example).
  • the capacitor 15a is used for the transient voltage suppression circuit 15, but other circuits such as those shown in FIGS.
  • FIG. 7 shows a series circuit of a capacitor 15a and a reactor 15b.
  • FIG. 8 shows a series circuit of a capacitor 15a and a resistor 15c.
  • FIG. 9 shows a series circuit of a capacitor 15a, a reactor 15b, and a resistor 15c.
  • the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 can be a series circuit of a capacitor 15a and a reactor 15b, a series circuit of a capacitor 15a and a resistor 15c, or a series circuit of a capacitor 15a, a reactor 15b, and a resistor 15c.
  • the reactor 15b or the resistor 15c can suppress the current flowing between the electrodes of the switch 12, and consequently the damage of the electrodes due to the discharge.
  • a resistor having a fixed resistance value is used as the resistor 13.
  • a nonlinear resistor may be used.
  • a lightning arrester element can be used as the non-linear resistor.
  • the voltage of the non-linear resistor used as the resistor 13 is preferably higher than the voltage due to the on-resistance of the semiconductor breaker 31 and lower than the non-linear resistor 32 connected in parallel to the semiconductor breaker 31.
  • the resistance of the nonlinear resistor used as the resistor 13 is preferably lowered at a voltage lower than the limit of the withstand voltage of the switch 12.
  • FIG. 10 shows a configuration of the direct current cut-off device of the first modification.
  • the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is excluded from the current interrupt device of the first embodiment.
  • this operation can be represented by FIG. 5 like the current interrupt device of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
  • the second embodiment is an example in which the circuit in the vicinity of the switch 12 of the DC circuit breaker of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is modified, and the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is made. Is omitted.
  • a saturable reactor 16 is connected in series with the switch 12.
  • the commutation circuit 14 is constituted by a series circuit of a capacitor 14a and a semiconductor switch 14c. That is, in the second embodiment, a series circuit of the switch 12 and the saturable reactor 16, a commutation circuit 14 in which a capacitor and a semiconductor switch are connected in series, and a resistor 13 are connected in parallel.
  • the commutation circuit 14 does not have the reactor 14b, but may have the reactor 14b as shown in FIG.
  • the commutation circuit 14, the saturable reactor 16, and the switch 12 constitute a closed circuit.
  • the saturable reactor 16 has a change point between a saturated state and a non-saturated state at a current value equal to or lower than the current to be interrupted by the switch 12. This current value is about a direct current in a normal state.
  • the controller 50 controls the commutation circuit 14 at time D after opening control (breaking) of the switch 12 at time C, and causes the switch 12 to inject a reverse current. Thereby, a current having the same value as that of the switch 12 flows through the saturable reactor 16. When this current decreases and transitions from a saturated state to a non-saturated state, the inductance of the saturable reactor 16 increases. As a result, among the time-series changes of the current 42 flowing through the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 shown in FIG. For this reason, the change of the current 43 flowing through the switch 12 becomes gentle at the time 63 immediately before the current zero point.
  • the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the current can be reliably commutated to the current cutoff path 30 at the current zero point.
  • the saturable reactor 15 connected in series with the switch 12 makes the rate of change of the current flowing through the switch 12 gentle when the current is interrupted, just before the current zero point, and causes a period of a small current state.
  • FIG. 13 shows a configuration of a direct current cut-off device according to the second modification.
  • the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is excluded from the current interrupter of the second embodiment.
  • this operation can be represented by FIG. 12 as in the case of the current interrupt device of the second embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
  • the third embodiment is a modification of the DC interrupter of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
  • an interelectrode distance detector 22 is installed in the switch 12 of the first embodiment.
  • the interelectrode distance detector 22 detects the interelectrode distance of the switch 12 and notifies the controller 50.
  • the controller 50 controls the switch 12 and the commutation circuit 14 based on the interelectrode distance of the switch 12 notified from the interelectrode distance detector 22.
  • the switch 12 is controlled in consideration of the time C1.
  • the time C1 is the time when the electrode distance of the switch 12 reaches a predetermined distance, and is predicted from the start time C of the electrode opening control to the switch 12.
  • the controller 50 sets the timing to turn on the semiconductor switch 14c of the commutation circuit 14 so that commutation from the energization path 10 to the current cutoff path 30 is completed at a time later than the time C1 (commutation completion is time E). Determine and control the commutation circuit 14.
  • the interelectrode distance of the switch 12 detected by the interelectrode distance detector 22 is continuously transmitted to the controller 50.
  • the controller 50 predicts and calculates a time C1 at which the electrode distance of the switch 12 detected by the interelectrode distance detector 22 reaches a predetermined distance (threshold).
  • the controller 50 controls the electrode opening of the switch 12 at the start timing (time C) of the electrode opening control to the switch 12 before the time C1.
  • the subsequent operation is the same as that of the first embodiment.
  • the interelectrode distance detector 22 is installed in the switch 12, and the control timing of the switch 12 is acquired. For this reason, voltage application to the switch 12 corresponding to the voltage drop by the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 occurs after the pressure resistance of the switch 12 is sufficiently secured (the period is from time E to time F). . As a result, a very favorable result is obtained in the operation of the switch 12.
  • an inter-electrode distance detector 22 is installed in the switch 12, and the inter-electrode distance of the switch 12 is detected and controlled for interruption.
  • the time for the distance between the electrodes to reach a predetermined distance is known in advance.
  • the inter-electrode distance detector 22 is not installed, and the time C1 when the electrode distance of the switch 12 reaches a predetermined distance is predicted from the time C of the electrode opening control start to the switch 12, and the breaking operation starts. You may control according to the later elapsed time.
  • FIG. 16 shows the configuration of a DC interrupter of Modification 3.
  • the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is excluded from the current interrupter of the third embodiment. Thus, even if it does not have the transient voltage suppression circuit 15, it can operate as a DC interrupting device. Since this operation can be represented by FIG. 15 as in the case of the current interrupt device of the second embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
  • the fourth embodiment is a modification of the DC interrupter of the first and third embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 14, and the same components as those in the first and third embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals. Description is omitted.
  • an inter-electrode distance detector 23 is added to the switch 11 of the first embodiment.
  • the interelectrode distance detector 23 detects the interelectrode distance of the switch 11 and notifies the controller 50 of it.
  • the controller 50 controls the switch 11 and the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 based on the distance between the electrodes of the switch 11 notified from the interelectrode distance detector 23 or the elapsed time after the electrode opening control.
  • the switch 12 is controlled in consideration of the time C2.
  • the time C2 is the time when the electrode distance of the switch 11 reaches a predetermined distance, which is expected from the time C when the electrode opening control to the switch 11 is started.
  • the controller 50 controls the semiconductor breaker 31 in the on state to be switched off (a state in which the power is cut off) at a time later than the time C2 (for example, time F).
  • the interelectrode distance of the switch 11 detected by the interelectrode distance detector 22 is always transmitted to the controller 50.
  • the controller 50 predicts and calculates a time C2 when the electrode distance of the switch 11 detected by the interelectrode distance detector 23 reaches a predetermined distance (threshold value) set in advance.
  • the controller 50 determines the start timing (time C) of the electrode opening control to the switch 11 before the time C2, and controls the switch 11 and the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 to be cut off.
  • the subsequent operation is the same as in the first and third modifications.
  • the interelectrode distance detector 23 is arranged in the switch 11 and the control timing of the switch 11 is acquired. For this reason, after the switch 11 is in a state in which the pressure resistance is sufficiently secured, a high applied voltage to the DC circuit breaker is generated (the period is after time F). As a result, a very favorable result can be obtained in the operation of the switch 11.
  • the inter-electrode distance detector 23 is disposed in the switch 11 and the inter-electrode distance of the switch 11 is detected and controlled for interruption.
  • the time for the distance between the electrodes to reach a predetermined distance is known in advance. For this reason, the time C2 until the electrode distance of the switch 11 reaches a predetermined distance without using the inter-electrode distance detector 23 is predicted from the time C of the electrode opening control start to the switch 11, You may control according to the elapsed time after the interruption
  • FIG. 19 shows a configuration of a DC cutoff device of Modification 4.
  • the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is excluded from the current interrupt device of the fourth embodiment.
  • this operation can be represented by FIG. 18 like the current interrupt device of the second embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The direct current interruption device according to an embodiment of the invention comprises an energizing path, a commutation circuit, a semiconductor circuit breaker, and a non-linear resistor. The energizing path allows direct current to flow, and has first and second switches. The second switch is connected in series to the first switch, and has lower dielectric withstand voltage than that of the first switch. The semiconductor circuit breaker and the non-linear resistor are connected in parallel to the energizing path.

Description

直流遮断装置DC breaker
　本発明の実施形態は、直流電流を遮断する直流遮断装置に関する。 Embodiments of the present invention relate to a DC interrupting device that interrupts a DC current.
　電力を送る送電系統は、一般に、事故等に対応するために、送電電流を遮断する機能を有することが求められる。このために遮断器が用いられる。
　交流には電流が0になる時間(電流零点)が存在するため、この電流零点において、電流を比較的容易に遮断できる。一方、交流と異なり、直流には電流零点が存在しないため、遮断時にアークが生じ易い。このため、直流遮断器は、一般に、アークを低減する仕組みを備える。 In general, a power transmission system that transmits electric power is required to have a function of interrupting a transmission current in order to cope with an accident or the like. A circuit breaker is used for this purpose.
Since there is a time (current zero point) when the current becomes zero in the alternating current, the current can be cut off relatively easily at the current zero point. On the other hand, unlike an alternating current, since there is no current zero point in a direct current, an arc is likely to occur at the time of interruption. For this reason, the DC breaker generally has a mechanism for reducing arcs.
　直流遮断器は、例えば、開閉器（スイッチ）を有する通電路と、通電路と並列に接続され、電流を漸減できる電流遮断路と、を有する。
　通常時には、通電路上の開閉器（スイッチ）を閉じて、通電路に電流を流す。一方、事故時には、電流遮断路を一時的に導通させ、かつ開閉器（スイッチ）を開くことによって、電流の経路を通電路から電流遮断路に切り替え、電流遮断路に電流を流す（転流）。その後、電流遮断路の電流を速やかに減らして、電流を遮断する。 The DC circuit breaker includes, for example, an energization path having a switch (switch) and a current interrupt path that is connected in parallel with the energization path and that can gradually reduce the current.
Normally, a switch (switch) on the energization path is closed and a current flows through the energization path. On the other hand, in the event of an accident, the current interrupting path is temporarily turned on and the switch (switch) is opened to switch the current path from the energizing path to the current interrupting path and to pass current through the current interrupting path (commutation). . Thereafter, the current in the current interrupt path is quickly reduced to interrupt the current.
　ここで、通電路から電流遮断路への電流の切り替えは速いことが好ましい。切り替えが遅くなると、事故時の電流が増加して、電流遮断路が遮断すべき電流が大きくなる。この結果、大容量の電流遮断路が必要になり、遮断器が大型化する可能性がある。 Here, it is preferable that the current switching from the energization path to the current cutoff path is fast. When the switching is delayed, the current at the time of the accident increases, and the current that should be interrupted by the current interrupt path increases. As a result, a large-capacity current interrupting path is required, and the circuit breaker may be enlarged.
　本発明が解決しようとする課題は、小型化を図った直流遮断装置を提供することにある。 The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a DC cutoff device that is miniaturized.
　実施形態の直流遮断装置は、通電路、転流回路、半導体遮断器、および非線形抵抗器を有する。通電路は、直流電流を流し、第1、第２の開閉器を有する。第２の開閉器は、前記第１の開閉器と直列に接続され、前記第1の開閉器より低い絶縁耐圧を有する。半導体遮断器および非線形抵抗器は、通電路と並列に接続される。 The DC circuit breaker according to the embodiment includes an energization path, a commutation circuit, a semiconductor circuit breaker, and a nonlinear resistor. The energizing path carries a direct current and has first and second switches. The second switch is connected in series with the first switch, and has a lower withstand voltage than the first switch. The semiconductor breaker and the non-linear resistor are connected in parallel with the current path.
第１実施形態の直流遮断装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the DC circuit breaker of 1st Embodiment. 図１の直流遮断装置の転流回路の具体例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the specific example of the commutation circuit of the DC circuit breaker of FIG. 直流遮断装置の真空バルブの構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the vacuum valve of a DC interruption device. 図３の真空バルブの縦磁界電極部分の構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the vertical magnetic field electrode part of the vacuum valve of FIG. 第１実施形態の直流遮断装置における各回路の電流の変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the change of the electric current of each circuit in the DC circuit breaker of 1st Embodiment. 第１実施形態において過渡電圧抑制回路の有無の効果の違いを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the difference in the effect of the presence or absence of a transient voltage suppression circuit in 1st Embodiment. 過渡電圧抑制回路の他の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the other structural example of a transient voltage suppression circuit. 過渡電圧抑制回路の他の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the other structural example of a transient voltage suppression circuit. 過渡電圧抑制回路の他の構成例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the other structural example of a transient voltage suppression circuit. 変形例１の直流遮断装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the DC circuit breaker of the modification 1. 第２実施形態の直流遮断装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the DC circuit breaker of 2nd Embodiment. 第２実施形態の直流遮断装置における各回路の電流の変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the change of the electric current of each circuit in the DC circuit breaker of 2nd Embodiment. 変形例２の直流遮断装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the DC circuit breaker of the modification 2. 第３実施形態の直流遮断装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the DC circuit breaker of 3rd Embodiment. 第３実施形態の直流遮断装置における各回路の電流の変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the change of the electric current of each circuit in the DC circuit breaker of 3rd Embodiment. 変形例３の直流遮断装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the direct-current circuit breaker of the modification 3. 第４実施形態の直流遮断装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the DC circuit breaker of 4th Embodiment. 第４実施形態の直流遮断装置における各回路の電流の変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the change of the electric current of each circuit in the DC circuit breaker of 4th Embodiment. 変形例４の直流遮断装置の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the direct-current circuit breaker of the modification 4.
　（第１実施形態）
　以下、図面を参照して実施形態を詳細に説明する。図１は第１実施形態の直流遮断装置の構成を示す。 (First embodiment)
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows the configuration of the DC interrupter of the first embodiment.
　図１に示すように、第１実施形態の直流遮断装置は、通電路１０、電流遮断路３０、電流検出器２１、および制御器５０を有する。電流遮断路３０は、通電路１０に並列に接続される。電流検出器２１は、通電路１０および電流遮断路３０全体の電流を検出する。制御器５０は、電流検出器２１により検出された電流の値に基づいて、通電路１０および電流遮断路３０の電流の流れを制御する。 As shown in FIG. 1, the direct current interrupt device of the first embodiment includes an energization path 10, a current interrupt path 30, a current detector 21, and a controller 50. The current interruption path 30 is connected in parallel to the energization path 10. The current detector 21 detects the current of the energization path 10 and the current cutoff path 30 as a whole. The controller 50 controls the flow of current in the energization path 10 and the current cutoff path 30 based on the value of the current detected by the current detector 21.
　通電路１０は、第１の開閉器としての開閉器１１、第２の開閉器としての開閉器１２、抵抗器１３、転流回路１４、および過渡電圧抑制回路１５を有する。 The energization path 10 has a switch 11 as a first switch, a switch 12 as a second switch, a resistor 13, a commutation circuit 14, and a transient voltage suppression circuit 15.
　開閉器１１と開閉器１２は直列に接続される。開閉器１１は、第１の絶縁耐圧を有する。開閉器１１は、制御器５０によって閉制御または開制御されて、半導体遮断器３１によらずに（半導体遮断器３１とは無関係に）、電流の通、不通を切り替える。 Switch 11 and switch 12 are connected in series. The switch 11 has a first withstand voltage. The switch 11 is controlled to be closed or opened by the controller 50 and switches between passing and not passing the current regardless of the semiconductor breaker 31 (regardless of the semiconductor breaker 31).
　開閉器１１には、ＳＦ６ガスなどの絶縁性のガスを用いた開閉器（ガス開閉器）を利用できる。この場合、開閉器１１の電極を収納した容器内に、絶縁性ガスが充填される。絶縁性に優れたＳＦ６ガスなどを用いることによって、開閉器１１の絶縁耐圧が向上し、その小型化が図れる。 As the switch 11, a switch (gas switch) using an insulating gas such as SF 6 gas can be used. In this case, the insulating gas is filled in the container that houses the electrode of the switch 11. By using SF 6 gas having excellent insulating properties, the withstand voltage of the switch 11 can be improved and the size thereof can be reduced.
　開閉器１２は、第１の絶縁耐圧より低い第２の絶縁耐圧（例えば、数ｋＶ程度）を有する。開閉器１２は、制御器５０によって閉制御または開制御されて、半導体遮断器３１によらずに（半導体遮断器３１とは無関係に）、電流の通、不通を切り替える。
　開閉器１２には、例えば、真空開閉器を利用できる。真空開閉器のスイッチ部分に真空バルブ１２０（後述の図３、図４参照）を利用できる。 The switch 12 has a second withstand voltage (for example, about several kV) lower than the first withstand voltage. The switch 12 is controlled to be closed or opened by the controller 50, and switches between passing and not passing the current regardless of the semiconductor breaker 31 (regardless of the semiconductor breaker 31).
For example, a vacuum switch can be used as the switch 12. A vacuum valve 120 (see FIGS. 3 and 4 to be described later) can be used for the switch portion of the vacuum switch.
　転流回路１４は、開閉器１２と並列に接続される。転流回路１４は、遮断する電流（通電路１０を流れる直流電流）の向きと逆向きの電流を出力する電流源である。なお、この詳細は後述する。 The commutation circuit 14 is connected in parallel with the switch 12. The commutation circuit 14 is a current source that outputs a current in a direction opposite to the direction of the current to be interrupted (the direct current flowing through the energization path 10). Details of this will be described later.
　過渡電圧抑制回路１５は、開閉器１２と並列に接続される。過渡電圧抑制回路１５は、例えば、コンデンサ１５ａを有し、開閉器１２に印加される過渡電圧から開閉器１２を保護する。
　ここでは、過渡電圧抑制回路１５を開閉器１２のみに設置している。しかし、過渡電圧抑制回路１５を開閉器１１、１２双方に設置してもよい。 The transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is connected in parallel with the switch 12. The transient voltage suppression circuit 15 includes, for example, a capacitor 15 a and protects the switch 12 from a transient voltage applied to the switch 12.
Here, the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is installed only in the switch 12. However, the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 may be installed in both the switches 11 and 12.
　電流遮断路３０は、半導体スイッチとしての半導体遮断器３１と、この半導体遮断器３１と並列に接続された非線形抵抗器３２と、を有する。 The current breaking path 30 includes a semiconductor breaker 31 as a semiconductor switch and a non-linear resistor 32 connected in parallel with the semiconductor breaker 31.
　制御器５０は、電流検出器２１により検出された電流の値が予め設定された閾値を超えた場合、開閉器１１、１２の電極を開動作させる開制御（遮断制御）を開始する。 When the current value detected by the current detector 21 exceeds a preset threshold value, the controller 50 starts open control (breaking control) for opening the electrodes of the switches 11 and 12.
　また制御器５０は、開制御（遮断制御）の開始後に、転流回路１４を制御して、通電路１０から半導体遮断器３１への電流経路の切り替え（転流）を促進する。具体的には、制御器５０は、転流回路１４を制御して、開閉器１２の電流方向とは逆向きの電流を開閉器１２に注入することによって、開閉器１２（通電路１０）の電流を０とする。この結果、通電路１０を流れていた電流が、半導体遮断器３１を流れるようになる。 Further, the controller 50 controls the commutation circuit 14 after the start of the open control (breaking control), and promotes switching (commutation) of the current path from the energization path 10 to the semiconductor circuit breaker 31. Specifically, the controller 50 controls the commutation circuit 14 to inject a current in a direction opposite to the current direction of the switch 12 into the switch 12, thereby causing the switch 12 (the current path 10) to flow. The current is 0. As a result, the current flowing through the energization path 10 flows through the semiconductor circuit breaker 31.
　制御器５０は、開閉器１１、１２の電極の開制御の開始後、オン状態の半導体遮断器３１を制御し、オフ状態へと切り替える。 The controller 50 controls the semiconductor breaker 31 in the on state after the start of the opening control of the electrodes of the switches 11 and 12, and switches it to the off state.
　以下、この直流遮断装置の動作を説明する。　
　通常時の直流遮断装置では、通電路１０の開閉器１１、１２が閉じられ、通電路１０を通して、電流が流れる。
　電流遮断時（事故等で電流遮断を要するとき）には、半導体遮断器３１がオン状態とされる一方、開閉器１１、１２が遮断される。さらに、開閉器１２に流れる電流とは逆向きの電流が転流回路１４から開閉器１２に注入され、開閉器１２（通電路１０）に流れる電流がゼロとなる。この結果、通電路１０から電流遮断路３０へと電流の経路が速やかに切り替わる（転流）。その後、電流遮断路３０の電流が速やかに減じられ、電流が遮断される。 Hereinafter, the operation of the DC interrupter will be described.
In the normal DC interrupter, the switches 11 and 12 of the energization path 10 are closed, and a current flows through the energization path 10.
At the time of current interruption (when current interruption is required due to an accident or the like), the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 is turned on, while the switches 11 and 12 are cut off. Further, a current in the direction opposite to the current flowing through the switch 12 is injected from the commutation circuit 14 into the switch 12, and the current flowing through the switch 12 (conduction path 10) becomes zero. As a result, the current path is quickly switched from the energization path 10 to the current cutoff path 30 (commutation). Thereafter, the current in the current interrupt path 30 is quickly reduced, and the current is interrupted.
　図１において、通常時の直流電流は、一般的には、図の左から右、右から左の双方が考えられる。この直流遮断装置は、この双方に対応できる。
　以下、説明を分かりやすくするため、通常時の直流電流は、図の左から右に流れるとする。 In FIG. 1, the direct current during normal operation is generally considered to be from left to right and from right to left in the figure. This DC circuit breaker can handle both.
Hereinafter, in order to make the explanation easy to understand, it is assumed that the direct current during normal operation flows from the left to the right in the figure.
　開閉器１１、１２は、半導体遮断器３１によらずに電流の通、不通を切り替えることができる。開閉器１１は、所定の大きな耐圧性（後述）を有する。開閉器１２の耐圧性は、開閉器１１の耐圧性よりも低い。一方、開閉器１２の瞬断性能（開閉の高速性）は、開閉器１１の瞬断性能（開閉の高速性）よりも、高い。なお開閉器１２の詳細については後述の図３、図４で説明する。 The switches 11 and 12 can switch between passing and not passing through the semiconductor circuit breaker 31. The switch 11 has a predetermined large pressure resistance (described later). The pressure resistance of the switch 12 is lower than the pressure resistance of the switch 11. On the other hand, the instantaneous interruption performance (opening / closing speed) of the switch 12 is higher than the instantaneous interruption performance (opening / closing speed) of the switch 11. The details of the switch 12 will be described later with reference to FIGS.
　開閉器１１、１２は、このように特性（耐圧性、高速性）、ひいては、その役割が異なる。開閉器１１、１２は直列に接続され、制御器５０によって制御されて、それぞれの電極を開閉する。 The switches 11 and 12 thus have different characteristics (pressure resistance, high speed) and thus their roles. The switches 11 and 12 are connected in series and controlled by the controller 50 to open and close the respective electrodes.
　抵抗器１３は、開閉器１２と並列に接続される。この抵抗器１３の抵抗は、電流遮断時の半導体遮断器３１のオン抵抗より大きく、半導体遮断器３１と並列に接続される非線形抵抗器３２の抵抗より小さい。 The resistor 13 is connected in parallel with the switch 12. The resistance of the resistor 13 is larger than the ON resistance of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 at the time of current interruption, and smaller than the resistance of the nonlinear resistor 32 connected in parallel with the semiconductor circuit breaker 31.
　開状態の開閉器１１は、絶縁状態であり、その抵抗は、開閉器１２に並列接続した抵抗器１３の抵抗より十分大きい。このため、開閉器１１が開状態となったとき、開閉器１１および１２の両端間の電圧の大部分は開閉器１１に印加される。この結果、開閉器１２の絶縁破壊が防止される。 The open switch 11 is in an insulated state, and its resistance is sufficiently larger than the resistance of the resistor 13 connected in parallel to the switch 12. For this reason, when the switch 11 is opened, most of the voltage across the switches 11 and 12 is applied to the switch 11. As a result, dielectric breakdown of the switch 12 is prevented.
　電流検出器２１は、通電路１０および電流遮断路３０全体に流れる電流を検出し、検出した電流の値を制御器５０に伝える。このため、電流検出器２１は、電流が流れる回路上の通電路１０と電流遮断路３０との合流位置の手前に配置されている。 The current detector 21 detects the current flowing through the energization path 10 and the current cutoff path 30 and transmits the detected current value to the controller 50. For this reason, the current detector 21 is disposed before the joining position of the energizing path 10 and the current interrupting path 30 on the circuit through which the current flows.
　電流検出器２１としては、例えば、次の（ａ），（ｂ）のような構成を採用できる。
　（ａ）ごく小さい抵抗値の抵抗器を通電路１０に挿入する。この抵抗器両端の電圧を検出し、電流に換算する。
　（ｂ）ホール素子等によって、通電路１０から発生する磁界を検出し、電流に換算する。この場合、非接触で、通電路１０に流れる電流を検出できる。 For example, the following configurations (a) and (b) can be adopted as the current detector 21.
(A) A resistor having a very small resistance value is inserted into the energizing path 10. The voltage across this resistor is detected and converted to a current.
(B) A magnetic field generated from the energization path 10 is detected by a Hall element or the like and converted into a current. In this case, the current flowing through the energization path 10 can be detected without contact.
　半導体遮断器３１は、制御器５０に制御されて、電流の通、不通を切り替えるスイッチである。半導体遮断器３１の具体例としては、図示するように、ここでは、ＩＧＢＴ（Ｉｎｓｕｌａｔｅｄ　Ｇａｔｅ　Ｂｉｐｏｌａｒ　Ｔｒａｎｓｉｓｔｏｒ）とダイオードの組み合わせを用いることができる。ＩＧＢＴとダイオードの対を逆並列に（順方向が互いに逆の並列）接続する。この２対を逆方向（向かい合わせ）に直列に接続して、単位要素とする。多数の単位要素を直列に接続し、その両端に端子を付加することで、半導体遮断器３１を構成できる。 The semiconductor circuit breaker 31 is a switch that is controlled by the controller 50 to switch between current passing and not passing. As a specific example of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31, as shown in the figure, here, a combination of an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) and a diode can be used. The IGBT and diode pair are connected in antiparallel (in parallel with the forward directions being opposite to each other). These two pairs are connected in series in opposite directions (facing each other) to form unit elements. The semiconductor breaker 31 can be configured by connecting a large number of unit elements in series and adding terminals to both ends thereof.
　単位要素中の２つのＩＧＢＴのゲート双方に電圧（制御器５０からの制御信号に起因する）が印加されると、単位要素はオン状態（いずれの方向にも電流が流れる状態）となる。単位要素中の２つのゲートへの電圧印加の有無の組み合わせによって、電流の遮断、右方向の電流の通過、左方向の電流の通過、双方向の電流の通過（オン状態）を切り替えられる。 When a voltage (caused by a control signal from the controller 50) is applied to both gates of two IGBTs in the unit element, the unit element is turned on (a current flows in any direction). Depending on the combination of the presence / absence of voltage application to the two gates in the unit element, it is possible to switch between current interruption, right current passage, left current passage, and bidirectional current passage (ON state).
　半導体遮断器３１の具体的構成は、図２の構成以外にも、種々採用できる。半導体遮断器３１は、一般に、オン状態において、抵抗（オン抵抗）を有し、通電により電圧降下が生じる。
　図１に示した半導体遮断器３１の場合、この電圧降下は、上記の単位要素の直列数に依存して大きくなる。すなわち、半導体遮断器３１全体のオン抵抗もこの直列数に依存して大きくなる。 Various specific configurations of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 can be employed in addition to the configuration of FIG. The semiconductor circuit breaker 31 generally has a resistance (on-resistance) in the on state, and a voltage drop occurs due to energization.
In the case of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 shown in FIG. 1, this voltage drop increases depending on the number of unit elements in series. That is, the on-resistance of the entire semiconductor circuit breaker 31 also increases depending on the number of series.
　電流遮断のためにオフ状態となった半導体遮断器３１が、印加される高電圧に耐えられるように、単位要素の直列数は決定される。直流電圧が数１００ｋＶの場合に必要な直列数は、一般に、ある程度大きな数（例えば、数百）となる。 The series number of unit elements is determined so that the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 that has been turned off due to current interruption can withstand the applied high voltage. In general, the number of series required when the DC voltage is several hundred kV is a somewhat large number (for example, several hundreds).
　制御器５０による半導体遮断器３１の標準的な制御は次の通りである。通常時は、半導体遮断器３１をオフ状態とする。遮断時には、半導体遮断器３１を一度オン状態に切り替えた後、速やかにオフ状態に戻す。 Standard control of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 by the controller 50 is as follows. At normal time, the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 is turned off. At the time of interruption, the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 is once switched on and then quickly returned to the off state.
　但し、半導体遮断器３１は、この標準的な手法以外でも、制御可能である。例えば、通常時に、半導体遮断器３１をオン状態としてもよい。この場合でも、半導体遮断器３１のオン抵抗のために、電流遮断路３０には電流はほとんど流れず、通電路１０に事実上全電流が流れる。 However, the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 can be controlled by means other than this standard method. For example, the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 may be turned on at normal times. Even in this case, due to the on-resistance of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31, almost no current flows in the current interrupting path 30, and virtually all current flows in the energizing path 10.
　転流回路１４は、開閉器１２と並列に接続される。転流回路１４の電流注入動作は、制御器５０によって、制御される。転流回路１４は、制御器５０によって制御されて、遮断する電流とは逆方向の電流（以下、「逆電流」ともいう）を開閉器１２に注入する。 The commutation circuit 14 is connected in parallel with the switch 12. The current injection operation of the commutation circuit 14 is controlled by the controller 50. The commutation circuit 14 is controlled by the controller 50 to inject a current (hereinafter also referred to as “reverse current”) in the reverse direction to the interrupted current into the switch 12.
　転流回路１４は、図２に示すように、コンデンサ１４ａ、リアクトル１４ｂ、および半導体スイッチ１４ｃを直列に接続した直列回路を利用できる。
　コンデンサ１４ａは、図示しない充電装置によって、所定の電圧に充電される。半導体スイッチ１４ｃは、制御器５０によって、開（遮断）、閉（注入）状態が制御される。リアクトル１４ｂは、注入時の電流の流れを緩和する。後述の第２実施形態および第２変形例のように、リアクトル１４ｂを省略することも可能である。なお、電流遮断時の転流回路１４の動作、およびこのときの電流の波形の詳細は、後述する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the commutation circuit 14 can use a series circuit in which a capacitor 14a, a reactor 14b, and a semiconductor switch 14c are connected in series.
The capacitor 14a is charged to a predetermined voltage by a charging device (not shown). The semiconductor switch 14c is controlled by the controller 50 to be in an open (shutoff) state or a closed (injection) state. Reactor 14b relaxes the flow of current during injection. The reactor 14b can be omitted as in a second embodiment and a second modification described later. The details of the operation of the commutation circuit 14 when the current is interrupted and the waveform of the current at this time will be described later.
　事故等により電流遮断が必要な場合、制御器５０は、転流回路１４を制御して、電流を強制的に発生させ、開閉器１２に注入する。この電流の方向は、開閉器１２に流れている電流（遮断される電流）の方向と逆である。この結果、通電路１０全体を流れる電流が０となり、電流の経路が通電路１０から電流遮断路３０（半導体遮断器３１）へと速やかに切り替わる（転流）。 When current interruption is necessary due to an accident or the like, the controller 50 controls the commutation circuit 14 to forcibly generate current and inject it into the switch 12. The direction of this current is opposite to the direction of the current flowing through the switch 12 (the current to be cut off). As a result, the current flowing through the entire energization path 10 becomes 0, and the current path is quickly switched from the energization path 10 to the current interrupt path 30 (semiconductor circuit breaker 31) (commutation).
　すなわち、転流回路１４を用いることによって、事故時の電流がまだ小さいうちに、通電路１０から半導体遮断器３１への転流を実現できる。これにより、半導体遮断器３１に流れる電流を抑制し、その許容電流の増大化を避けることができる（半導体遮断器３１の小型化容易）。 That is, by using the commutation circuit 14, commutation from the current path 10 to the semiconductor breaker 31 can be realized while the current at the time of the accident is still small. Thereby, the electric current which flows into the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 can be suppressed, and the increase in the allowable current can be avoided (the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 can be easily reduced in size).
　非線形抵抗器３２は、半導体遮断器３１と並列に接続される。非線形抵抗器３２は、この直流遮断装置の遮断動作の最終段階で機能する。具体的には、通電路１０および半導体遮断器３１の双方が電流不通のときに、非線形抵抗器３２は電流を一時的に流す。 The non-linear resistor 32 is connected in parallel with the semiconductor circuit breaker 31. The non-linear resistor 32 functions at the final stage of the breaking operation of the DC breaking device. Specifically, when both the energization path 10 and the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 are not current-carrying, the non-linear resistor 32 allows current to flow temporarily.
　非線形抵抗器３２に一時的に流れる最初の段階では、その直前に半導体遮断器３１に流れていた電流と同じ値の電流が流れる。この電流によって、非線形抵抗器３２に比較的大きな電圧降下が生じるため、電流は減少する。電流が減少すると、抵抗の非線形性により抵抗値が増大する。増大した抵抗値によって、実質的に電流ゼロに至って、電流の遮断が完了する。 In the first stage of temporarily flowing through the non-linear resistor 32, a current having the same value as the current flowing through the semiconductor breaker 31 immediately before that flows. This current causes a relatively large voltage drop across the non-linear resistor 32, so the current decreases. When the current decreases, the resistance value increases due to the nonlinearity of the resistance. Due to the increased resistance value, the current substantially reaches zero, and the current interruption is completed.
　なお、制御器５０には、電流検出器２１で検出した電流が伝えられる。そして、制御器５０は、開閉器１１、１２の電極の開閉、および半導体遮断器３１のオン／オフの切り替えを制御する。また、制御器５０は、逆電流の発生源である転流回路１４のオン／オフおよびその出力電流を制御する。 Note that the current detected by the current detector 21 is transmitted to the controller 50. The controller 50 controls the opening and closing of the electrodes of the switches 11 and 12 and the switching of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 on and off. The controller 50 controls on / off of the commutation circuit 14 that is a source of reverse current and its output current.
　制御器５０の内部には、これらの各制御に対応してそれぞれ下位の制御器が存在する。これらの下位の制御器は互いに接続され、制御に必要な情報が伝達、共有される。 In the controller 50, there are subordinate controllers corresponding to these controls. These lower level controllers are connected to each other, and information necessary for control is transmitted and shared.
　過渡電圧抑制回路１５を設置しない場合、開閉器１２の電流を０とした瞬時に、開閉器１１、１２に急峻な電圧が生じる。しかし、過渡電圧抑制回路１５を設置することで、電流を０とした瞬時（図３の時刻Ｅの付近）に生じる過渡的な電圧を抑制できる。 When the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is not installed, a steep voltage is generated in the switches 11 and 12 instantly when the current of the switch 12 is zero. However, by installing the transient voltage suppression circuit 15, it is possible to suppress a transient voltage generated at the moment when the current is zero (near time E in FIG. 3).
　ここで、図３、図４を参照して直流遮断装置の開閉器１２の具体例（ハードウェア構成）を説明する。
　図３は、直流遮断装置の開閉器１２のスイッチ部分である真空バルブ１２０のハードウェア構成を示す。図４は、図３の真空バルブ１２０の縦磁界電極部分の構成を示す。 Here, a specific example (hardware configuration) of the switch 12 of the DC circuit breaker will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.
FIG. 3 shows a hardware configuration of the vacuum valve 120 which is a switch part of the switch 12 of the DC circuit breaker. FIG. 4 shows the configuration of the longitudinal magnetic field electrode portion of the vacuum valve 120 of FIG.
　開閉器１２には、開閉器の一種の真空バルブ（真空開閉器）１２０が用いられている。
　図３に示すように、真空バルブ１２０は、主たる構成要素として、円筒状の碍管１２１、固定側電極１２２、可動側電極１２３、固定側通電軸１２４、可動側通電軸１２５、およびベローズ１２６を有する。
　ここでは真空バルブ１２０の主要構成を例示した。この他、真空バルブ１２０は、可動側通電軸１２５をその軸方向に移動させるための駆動機構（不図示）も備える。 As the switch 12, a kind of vacuum valve (vacuum switch) 120 of a switch is used.
As shown in FIG. 3, the vacuum valve 120 includes, as main components, a cylindrical soot tube 121, a fixed side electrode 122, a movable side electrode 123, a fixed side energizing shaft 124, a movable side energizing shaft 125, and a bellows 126. .
Here, the main configuration of the vacuum valve 120 is illustrated. In addition, the vacuum valve 120 also includes a drive mechanism (not shown) for moving the movable side energizing shaft 125 in the axial direction.
　円筒状の碍管１２１は、両端の開口部分が封止される、筒形状の容器である。この容器は、その内部がほぼ真空に保持される、真空容器である。 The cylindrical soot tube 121 is a cylindrical container in which the opening portions at both ends are sealed. This container is a vacuum container in which the inside is maintained in a vacuum.
　碍管１２１と可動側通電軸１２５との摺動部分にベローズ１２６が配置される。ベローズ１２６によって、この真空容器の真空状態を保持しつつ（外部と遮断しつつ）、可動側通電軸１２５を矢印方向に駆動できる。 A bellows 126 is disposed at a sliding portion between the soot tube 121 and the movable side energizing shaft 125. The bellows 126 can drive the movable energizing shaft 125 in the direction of the arrow while maintaining the vacuum state of the vacuum container (blocking from the outside).
　一般に、真空開閉器は、絶縁耐圧性はそれほど高くないが、絶縁回復特性に優れる。このため、真空開閉器は、開閉器１２として好適に使用できる。通電路１０の電流がゼロとなった後、オン状態の半導体遮断器３１の電圧降下による、比較的低い電圧が、開閉器１２に印加される。真空開閉器は、この低印加電圧に耐え、直流遮断装置として優れた絶縁回復特性を有する。 Generally, vacuum switches are not very high withstand voltage, but have excellent insulation recovery characteristics. For this reason, the vacuum switch can be suitably used as the switch 12. After the current in the current path 10 becomes zero, a relatively low voltage is applied to the switch 12 due to the voltage drop of the semiconductor breaker 31 in the on state. The vacuum switch can withstand this low applied voltage and has excellent insulation recovery characteristics as a direct current circuit breaker.
　この真空バルブ１２０の固定側電極１２２と可動側電極１２３は、縦磁界電極を構成する。
　図４に示すように、固定側電極１２２と可動側電極１２３の周縁部（外周面）には、中心軸に対して螺旋を描くように、スリット１２７、１２８が斜め方向に配置される。この螺旋の方向（ここでは、右ネジ方向）は、固定側電極１２２と可動側電極１２３で同一であるため、電流１２９、１３０は同一方向に回転する。この結果、回転する電流１２９、１３０によって、真空バルブ１２０内のアーク１３１に縦磁界１３２が印加される。 The fixed side electrode 122 and the movable side electrode 123 of the vacuum valve 120 constitute a longitudinal magnetic field electrode.
As shown in FIG. 4, slits 127 and 128 are arranged obliquely on the peripheral portions (outer peripheral surfaces) of the fixed side electrode 122 and the movable side electrode 123 so as to draw a spiral with respect to the central axis. Since the spiral direction (here, the right-handed screw direction) is the same for the fixed electrode 122 and the movable electrode 123, the currents 129 and 130 rotate in the same direction. As a result, the vertical magnetic field 132 is applied to the arc 131 in the vacuum valve 120 by the rotating currents 129 and 130.
　通電中の開閉器１２の可動側通電軸１２５を駆動し、可動側電極１２３と固定側電極１２２とを開くと（開制御、遮断制御ともいう）、固定側電極１２２と可動側電極１２３間にアーク１３１が生じる。 When the movable-side energizing shaft 125 of the switch 12 being energized is driven and the movable-side electrode 123 and the fixed-side electrode 122 are opened (also referred to as open control or shut-off control), the fixed-side electrode 122 and the movable-side electrode 123 are interposed. An arc 131 is generated.
　このとき、アーク１３１に起因する電流１２９，１３０によって、縦磁界１３２が発生する。縦磁界１３２によって、アーク１３１が安定化し、電極全体に均一に分布されるようになる。この結果、アーク１３１による電極の部分的な損傷が抑制される。このように、電極の損傷を抑制することで、優れた絶縁回復特性を保持できる。 At this time, the longitudinal magnetic field 132 is generated by the currents 129 and 130 caused by the arc 131. The longitudinal magnetic field 132 stabilizes the arc 131 so that it is uniformly distributed throughout the electrode. As a result, partial damage of the electrode due to the arc 131 is suppressed. In this way, excellent insulation recovery characteristics can be maintained by suppressing electrode damage.
　次に、図５を参照して第１実施形態の直流遮断装置の時系列的な動作を説明する。図５は、直流遮断装置の各部の電流の時系列的な変化を示す。 Next, a time-series operation of the DC interrupter according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 shows a time-series change in current of each part of the DC interrupter.
　図５は、通電路１０に流れる電流と電流遮断路３０に流れる電流との和の電流である全電流４１、半導体遮断器３１の電流４２、開閉器１２の電流４３、直流遮断器への印加電圧４５それぞれの時系列的な変化を示す。 FIG. 5 shows the total current 41, which is the sum of the current flowing in the energizing path 10 and the current flowing in the current breaking path 30, the current 42 of the semiconductor breaker 31, the current 43 of the switch 12, and the application to the DC breaker. The time series change of each voltage 45 is shown.
　事故が発生する時刻Ａ以前の最初の段階では、通常時の電流が流れているとする。
　このとき、電流は、開閉器１２にのみ（通電路１０にのみ）流れる。すなわち、この段階では、半導体遮断器３１（電流遮断路３０）には電流４２は流れていない。 It is assumed that a normal current flows in the first stage before time A when the accident occurs.
At this time, the current flows only in the switch 12 (only in the energization path 10). That is, at this stage, the current 42 does not flow through the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 (current cutoff path 30).
　時刻Ａにおいて、直流送電系統に事故が発生したとする。時刻Ａ以降、全電流４１は増加していく。そして、電流検出器２１によって検出された電流（通電路１０を流れる電流）の値が、設定閾値を超えると、制御器５０は、異常と判定する（事故発生の検出、時刻Ｂ）。 Suppose that an accident occurred in the DC power transmission system at time A. After time A, the total current 41 increases. Then, when the value of the current detected by the current detector 21 (current flowing through the energization path 10) exceeds the set threshold, the controller 50 determines that there is an abnormality (detection of occurrence of an accident, time B).
　事故が検出された場合、制御器５０は、開閉器１１、１２に対して、それぞれの電極を開動作（遮断動作）させるための遮断制御（電極開制御）を開始する（時刻Ｃ）。
　開閉器１１、１２の遮断制御（電極開制御）が開始されると、これらの開閉器１１、１２それぞれの一対の電極は物理的に離間してゆくが、離間の当初は一対の電極間にアークが生じ電流が流れ続ける。 When an accident is detected, the controller 50 starts the breaking control (electrode opening control) for opening and closing each electrode to the switches 11 and 12 (time opening C) (time C).
When the shutoff control (electrode opening control) of the switches 11 and 12 is started, the pair of electrodes of the switches 11 and 12 are physically separated from each other. An arc occurs and current continues to flow.
　遮断制御（電極開制御）の開始後、制御器５０が転流回路１４を制御して、転流回路１４から開閉器１２に逆電流が注入される（時刻Ｄ）。開閉器１２に逆電流が注入されると、開閉器１２の電流４３は減少し、ゼロに至る（時刻Ｅ）。これにより、通電路１０を流れる電流の電流遮断路３０への転流が完了する。 After the interruption control (electrode opening control) is started, the controller 50 controls the commutation circuit 14, and a reverse current is injected from the commutation circuit 14 to the switch 12 (time D). When a reverse current is injected into the switch 12, the current 43 of the switch 12 decreases and reaches zero (time E). Thereby, the commutation of the current flowing through the energization path 10 to the current cutoff path 30 is completed.
　時刻ＥからＦまでの間、半導体遮断器３１のみに電流が流れる。このとき、半導体遮断器３１に流れる電流４２およびそのオン抵抗のため、ある程度の電圧降下４４が生じる。このとき、この電圧降下４４（例えば、数ｋＶ）が直流遮断装置への印加電圧４５となり得る（半導体遮断器３１の両端間の電圧（電圧降下４４）が、ほぼそのまま開閉器１２に印加される）。開閉器１１の電極の開状態が確立していない可能性があるためである。
　開閉器１２は、この電圧降下４４に耐えるように、既述のように、例えば、数ｋＶ程度の絶縁耐圧を有する。 From time E to F, current flows only through the semiconductor circuit breaker 31. At this time, a certain voltage drop 44 occurs due to the current 42 flowing through the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 and its on-resistance. At this time, this voltage drop 44 (for example, several kV) can be applied voltage 45 to the DC circuit breaker (the voltage across both ends of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 (voltage drop 44) is applied to the switch 12 almost as it is. ). This is because the open state of the electrode of the switch 11 may not be established.
As described above, the switch 12 has a withstand voltage of, for example, about several kV so as to withstand this voltage drop 44.
　時刻Ｅの後、開閉器１１、１２の電極の開状態が確立した（と考えられる）時点（時刻Ｆ）以後に、制御器５０は半導体遮断器３１を制御し、オフ（電流の流れを遮断した状態）とする。
　時刻Ｅの時点で、既に通電路１０の電流は不通とされており、時刻Ｆで半導体遮断器３１はオフ制御されて電流不通の状態に切り換えられる。このため、時刻Ｆ以降、非線形抵抗器３２に電流が一時的に流れる。 After time E, the controller 50 controls the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 and turns off (cuts off the current flow) after the time point (considered) when the open state of the electrodes of the switches 11 and 12 is established (considered). State).
At time E, the current in the energization path 10 has already been cut off, and at time F, the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 is controlled to be turned off and switched to a current cut-off state. For this reason, after time F, a current temporarily flows through the nonlinear resistor 32.
　非線形抵抗器３２に一時的に電流が流れる最初の段階では、その直前に半導体遮断器３１に流れていた電流と同じ値の電流が流れる。これにより、非線形抵抗器３２に比較的大きな電圧降下（例えば、５００ｋＶ）が生じ、電流は減少する。
　電流が減少すると、非線形抵抗器３２の抵抗の非線形性により抵抗値が増大する。増大した抵抗値によって、全電流４１が実質的にゼロに至り、電流遮断が完了する（時刻Ｇ）。 In the first stage in which current flows temporarily through the non-linear resistor 32, a current having the same value as the current flowing through the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 immediately before that flows. As a result, a relatively large voltage drop (for example, 500 kV) occurs in the nonlinear resistor 32, and the current decreases.
When the current decreases, the resistance value increases due to the nonlinearity of the resistance of the nonlinear resistor 32. Due to the increased resistance value, the total current 41 reaches substantially zero, and the current interruption is completed (time G).
　時刻Ｇ以降、この直流送電系統に応じた直流電圧４４（例えば、３００ｋＶ）が、この直流遮断装置に印加された状態になる。 After time G, a DC voltage 44 (for example, 300 kV) corresponding to the DC power transmission system is applied to the DC circuit breaker.
　図５に示したような標準的なタイミングで直流遮断装置を動作させることで、開閉器１１または１２において、その電極の開制御後に電極間にアークによる電流が流れて、電気抵抗が増加する。この結果、より素早く、通電路１０から電流遮断路３０に電流を転流できる。すなわち、直流遮断装置の動作がより高速となる。 By operating the DC circuit breaker at the standard timing as shown in FIG. 5, in the switch 11 or 12, an electric current due to an arc flows between the electrodes after opening control of the electrodes, and the electric resistance increases. As a result, the current can be commutated from the energization path 10 to the current cutoff path 30 more quickly. That is, the operation of the DC interrupter becomes faster.
　ここで、図６を参照して過渡電圧抑制回路１５の効果について説明する。　
　図６に示すように、過渡電圧抑制回路１５を設置していない場合（過渡電圧抑制回路１５なしの場合）、転流が完了したとき（時刻Ｅ）、高い過渡電圧５１が突発的に発生する。しかし、過渡電圧抑制回路１５を設置すると、コンデンサ１５ａによって、過渡的な電圧が吸収され、過渡電圧５２は低くなる。 Here, the effect of the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6, when the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is not installed (without the transient voltage suppression circuit 15), when the commutation is completed (time E), a high transient voltage 51 is suddenly generated. . However, when the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is installed, the transient voltage is absorbed by the capacitor 15a, and the transient voltage 52 becomes low.
　このように、この第１実施形態の直流遮断装置では、通電路１０には半導体を用いた開閉器（半導体遮断器３１）を使わないことから、通電時の電力損失を大きく減じることができる。また、開閉器１２と並列に転流回路１４を配置しため、通電路１０の電流を、強制的に素早く（一例として、数ｍｓ程度で）電流遮断路３０に転流できる。 As described above, in the DC circuit breaker according to the first embodiment, since a switch using a semiconductor (semiconductor circuit breaker 31) is not used in the energization path 10, it is possible to greatly reduce power loss during energization. Further, since the commutation circuit 14 is arranged in parallel with the switch 12, the current in the energization path 10 can be forcibly and quickly commutated to the current interrupt path 30 (in a few ms as an example).
　したがって、電流遮断路３０で遮断する電流の値を小さくすることが可能になり、遮断器の大型化を回避できる。より具体的には、半導体遮断器３１の電流定格を小さく抑えることにより大型化を回避できる。
　すなわち、通電路１０を通過する直流電流の値が大きい場合であっても、小型で通常時の通電損失を低く抑えることができる。 Therefore, it becomes possible to make small the value of the electric current interrupted by the electric current interruption path 30, and the enlargement of a circuit breaker can be avoided. More specifically, an increase in size can be avoided by keeping the current rating of the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 small.
That is, even when the value of the direct current passing through the energization path 10 is large, the energization loss during normal operation can be kept low.
　第１実施形態では、過渡電圧抑制回路１５に、コンデンサ１５ａを用いたが、この他、例えば、図７～図９に示すような回路を採用できる。図７は、コンデンサ１５ａとリアクトル１５ｂの直列回路を示す。図８は、コンデンサ１５ａと抵抗器１５ｃの直列回路を示す。図９は、コンデンサ１５ａとリアクトル１５ｂと抵抗器１５ｃの直列回路を示す。 In the first embodiment, the capacitor 15a is used for the transient voltage suppression circuit 15, but other circuits such as those shown in FIGS. FIG. 7 shows a series circuit of a capacitor 15a and a reactor 15b. FIG. 8 shows a series circuit of a capacitor 15a and a resistor 15c. FIG. 9 shows a series circuit of a capacitor 15a, a reactor 15b, and a resistor 15c.
　これらの例のように、過渡電圧抑制回路１５を、コンデンサ１５ａとリアクトル１５ｂの直列回路、コンデンサ１５ａと抵抗器１５ｃの直列回路、コンデンサ１５ａとリアクトル１５ｂと抵抗器１５ｃの直列回路とすることができる。この結果、リアクトル１５ｂまたは抵抗器１５ｃにより、開閉器１２の電極間に流れる電流、ひいては放電による電極の損傷を抑制できる。 As in these examples, the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 can be a series circuit of a capacitor 15a and a reactor 15b, a series circuit of a capacitor 15a and a resistor 15c, or a series circuit of a capacitor 15a, a reactor 15b, and a resistor 15c. . As a result, the reactor 15b or the resistor 15c can suppress the current flowing between the electrodes of the switch 12, and consequently the damage of the electrodes due to the discharge.
　これらの例の場合、開閉器１２を開状態から閉状態とする過程で、開閉器１２の電極間距離が狭まると、過渡電圧抑制回路１５のコンデンサ１５ａに蓄えられた電荷が放電され、開閉器１２の電極間に電流が流れる。このため、電流遮断時の時刻Ｅでの電圧抑制効果はコンデンサ１５ａを単独で用いた場合と同様である。 In the case of these examples, when the distance between the electrodes of the switch 12 is reduced in the process of switching the switch 12 from the open state to the closed state, the charge stored in the capacitor 15a of the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is discharged. A current flows between the 12 electrodes. For this reason, the voltage suppression effect at time E when the current is interrupted is the same as when the capacitor 15a is used alone.
　また上記第１実施形態では、抵抗器１３として抵抗値が固定の抵抗器を用いたが、これ以外に例えば非線形抵抗器を用いてもよい。非線形抵抗器として、例えば、避雷器素子を利用できる。 In the first embodiment, a resistor having a fixed resistance value is used as the resistor 13. However, for example, a nonlinear resistor may be used. For example, a lightning arrester element can be used as the non-linear resistor.
　抵抗器１３として用いる非線形抵抗器の電圧は、半導体遮断器３１のオン抵抗による電圧より高く、半導体遮断器３１に並列接続された非線形抵抗器３２より低いことが好ましい。この抵抗器１３として用いる非線形抵抗器の抵抗は、開閉器１２の絶縁耐圧の限界より低い電圧で低下することが好ましい。 The voltage of the non-linear resistor used as the resistor 13 is preferably higher than the voltage due to the on-resistance of the semiconductor breaker 31 and lower than the non-linear resistor 32 connected in parallel to the semiconductor breaker 31. The resistance of the nonlinear resistor used as the resistor 13 is preferably lowered at a voltage lower than the limit of the withstand voltage of the switch 12.
　開閉器１２に、絶縁耐圧より高い電圧が印加されると、抵抗器１３として用いた非線形抵抗器の抵抗値が低くなる。その結果、開閉器１２に印加される電圧が低減され、開閉器１２の絶縁破壊を防止できる。 When a voltage higher than the withstand voltage is applied to the switch 12, the resistance value of the non-linear resistor used as the resistor 13 decreases. As a result, the voltage applied to the switch 12 is reduced, and the dielectric breakdown of the switch 12 can be prevented.
　（変形例１）
　図１０は変形例１の直流遮断装置の構成を示す。変形例１の直流遮断装置では、第１実施形態の電流遮断装置から過渡電圧抑制回路１５を除外している。このように、過渡電圧抑制回路１５を有しなくても、直流遮断装置として動作可能である。この動作は、第１実施形態の電流遮断装置と同様、図５によって表せるので、説明を省略する。 (Modification 1)
FIG. 10 shows a configuration of the direct current cut-off device of the first modification. In the direct current interrupt device of the first modification, the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is excluded from the current interrupt device of the first embodiment. Thus, even if it does not have the transient voltage suppression circuit 15, it can operate as a DC interrupting device. Since this operation can be represented by FIG. 5 like the current interrupt device of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
　（第２実施形態）
　次に、図１１を参照して第２実施形態の電流遮断装置を説明する。この第２実施形態は図１に示した第１実施形態の直流遮断装置の開閉器１２近傍の回路を変形した例であり、第１実施形態と同じ構成には同一の符号を付しその説明は省略する。 (Second Embodiment)
Next, the current interrupting device of 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated with reference to FIG. The second embodiment is an example in which the circuit in the vicinity of the switch 12 of the DC circuit breaker of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is modified, and the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is made. Is omitted.
　この第２実施形態では、開閉器１２と直列に可飽和リアクトル１６を接続している。転流回路１４はコンデンサ１４ａと半導体スイッチ１４ｃとの直列回路で構成している。
　すなわちこの第２実施形態では、開閉器１２と可飽和リアクトル１６の直列回路、コンデンサと半導体スイッチが直列に接続された転流回路１４、および抵抗器１３が並列に接続されている。
　この例では、転流回路１４はリアクトル１４ｂを有しないが、図２のように、リアクトル１４ｂを有してもよい。 In the second embodiment, a saturable reactor 16 is connected in series with the switch 12. The commutation circuit 14 is constituted by a series circuit of a capacitor 14a and a semiconductor switch 14c.
That is, in the second embodiment, a series circuit of the switch 12 and the saturable reactor 16, a commutation circuit 14 in which a capacitor and a semiconductor switch are connected in series, and a resistor 13 are connected in parallel.
In this example, the commutation circuit 14 does not have the reactor 14b, but may have the reactor 14b as shown in FIG.
　この第２実施形態では、転流回路１４、可飽和リアクトル１６、開閉器１２が閉回路を構成する。可飽和リアクトル１６は、開閉器１２で遮断すべき電流以下の電流値において、飽和状態と非飽和状態の変化点を持つ。この電流値は、通常の状態での直流電流程度である。 In this second embodiment, the commutation circuit 14, the saturable reactor 16, and the switch 12 constitute a closed circuit. The saturable reactor 16 has a change point between a saturated state and a non-saturated state at a current value equal to or lower than the current to be interrupted by the switch 12. This current value is about a direct current in a normal state.
　以下、図１２を参照してこの第２実施形態の直流遮断装置の電流遮断時の動作のうち第１実施形態と電流の変化が異なる部分を説明する。 Hereinafter, with reference to FIG. 12, a part of the operation at the time of current interruption of the DC interruption device of the second embodiment that is different from that of the first embodiment will be described.
　制御器５０は、時刻Ｃにおいて開閉器１２を開制御（遮断）した後、時刻Ｄの時点で転流回路１４を制御して、開閉器１２に逆電流を注入させる。
　これにより、可飽和リアクトル１６には、開閉器１２と同値の電流が流れる。この電流が減少し、飽和状態から非飽和状態に遷移すると、可飽和リアクトル１６のインダクタンスが増加する。その結果、図１２に示す半導体遮断器３１に流れる電流４２の時系列的な変化のうち、時刻ＤからＥの間、例えば、時刻６２で電流の変化が緩やかになる。このため、開閉器１２を流れる電流４３の変化が、電流零点直前の時刻６３で、緩やかになる。 The controller 50 controls the commutation circuit 14 at time D after opening control (breaking) of the switch 12 at time C, and causes the switch 12 to inject a reverse current.
Thereby, a current having the same value as that of the switch 12 flows through the saturable reactor 16. When this current decreases and transitions from a saturated state to a non-saturated state, the inductance of the saturable reactor 16 increases. As a result, among the time-series changes of the current 42 flowing through the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 shown in FIG. For this reason, the change of the current 43 flowing through the switch 12 becomes gentle at the time 63 immediately before the current zero point.
　このように、この第２実施形態によれば、第１実施形態と同様の効果が得られると共に、電流零点で確実に電流を電流遮断路３０に転流させることができる。開閉器１２と直列に接続された可飽和リアクトル１５によって、電流遮断時に開閉器１２を流れる電流の変化率が電流零点直前で緩やかになり、小電流状態の期間が生じるためである。 Thus, according to the second embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the current can be reliably commutated to the current cutoff path 30 at the current zero point. This is because the saturable reactor 15 connected in series with the switch 12 makes the rate of change of the current flowing through the switch 12 gentle when the current is interrupted, just before the current zero point, and causes a period of a small current state.
　（変形例２）
　図１３は変形例２の直流遮断装置の構成を示す。変形例２の直流遮断装置では、第２実施形態の電流遮断装置から過渡電圧抑制回路１５を除外している。このように、過渡電圧抑制回路１５を有しなくても、直流遮断装置として動作可能である。この動作は、第２実施形態の電流遮断装置と同様、図１２によって表せるので、説明を省略する。 (Modification 2)
FIG. 13 shows a configuration of a direct current cut-off device according to the second modification. In the DC interrupter of Modification 2, the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is excluded from the current interrupter of the second embodiment. Thus, even if it does not have the transient voltage suppression circuit 15, it can operate as a DC interrupting device. Since this operation can be represented by FIG. 12 as in the case of the current interrupt device of the second embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
　（第３の実施形態）
　次に、図１４、図１５を参照して第３の実施形態の電流遮断装置を説明する。この第３の実施形態は図１に示した第１実施形態の直流遮断装置の変形例であり、第１実施形態と同じ構成には同一の符号を付しその説明は省略する。 (Third embodiment)
Next, a current interrupting device according to a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. The third embodiment is a modification of the DC interrupter of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
　図１４に示すように、この第３の実施形態では、第１実施形態の開閉器１２に電極間距離検出器２２が設置される。電極間距離検出器２２は、開閉器１２の電極間距離を検出して制御器５０に通知する。制御器５０は電極間距離検出器２２から通知された開閉器１２の電極間距離に基づいて開閉器１２および転流回路１４を制御する。 As shown in FIG. 14, in the third embodiment, an interelectrode distance detector 22 is installed in the switch 12 of the first embodiment. The interelectrode distance detector 22 detects the interelectrode distance of the switch 12 and notifies the controller 50. The controller 50 controls the switch 12 and the commutation circuit 14 based on the interelectrode distance of the switch 12 notified from the interelectrode distance detector 22.
　この第３の実施形態の場合、図１５に示すように、時刻Ｃ１を考慮に入れて開閉器１２を制御する。時刻Ｃ１は、開閉器１２の電極距離が所定の距離に到達する時刻であり、開閉器１２への電極開制御の開始時刻Ｃから予想される。 In the case of the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 15, the switch 12 is controlled in consideration of the time C1. The time C1 is the time when the electrode distance of the switch 12 reaches a predetermined distance, and is predicted from the start time C of the electrode opening control to the switch 12.
　制御器５０は、この時刻Ｃ１より遅い時点で通電路１０から電流遮断路３０への転流が完了するように（転流完了は時刻Ｅ）転流回路１４の半導体スイッチ１４ｃをオンするタイミングを決定し、転流回路１４を制御する。 The controller 50 sets the timing to turn on the semiconductor switch 14c of the commutation circuit 14 so that commutation from the energization path 10 to the current cutoff path 30 is completed at a time later than the time C1 (commutation completion is time E). Determine and control the commutation circuit 14.
　すなわち、この第３の実施形態では、電極間距離検出器２２により検出された開閉器１２の電極間距離が連続的に制御器５０に伝えられる。制御器５０は、電極間距離検出器２２により検出された開閉器１２の電極距離が所定の距離（閾値）に到達する時刻Ｃ１を予測演算する。制御器５０は、時刻Ｃ１の前の、開閉器１２への電極開制御の開始タイミング（時刻Ｃ）で、開閉器１２の電極開を制御する。その後の動作は第１の実施形態と同様である。 That is, in the third embodiment, the interelectrode distance of the switch 12 detected by the interelectrode distance detector 22 is continuously transmitted to the controller 50. The controller 50 predicts and calculates a time C1 at which the electrode distance of the switch 12 detected by the interelectrode distance detector 22 reaches a predetermined distance (threshold). The controller 50 controls the electrode opening of the switch 12 at the start timing (time C) of the electrode opening control to the switch 12 before the time C1. The subsequent operation is the same as that of the first embodiment.
　このように、この第３の実施形態によれば、開閉器１２に電極間距離検出器２２が設置され、開閉器１２の制御タイミングを取得される。このため、開閉器１２の耐圧性が十分に確保される状態になってから、半導体遮断器３１による電圧降下分の開閉器１２への電圧印加が生じる（その期間は時刻Ｅ以降時刻Ｆまで）。この結果、開閉器１２の運用上、非常に好ましい結果が得られる。 Thus, according to the third embodiment, the interelectrode distance detector 22 is installed in the switch 12, and the control timing of the switch 12 is acquired. For this reason, voltage application to the switch 12 corresponding to the voltage drop by the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 occurs after the pressure resistance of the switch 12 is sufficiently secured (the period is from time E to time F). . As a result, a very favorable result is obtained in the operation of the switch 12.
　なお、第３の実施形態では、開閉器１２に電極間距離検出器２２を設置し、開閉器１２の電極間距離を検出して遮断制御している。但し、電極間の距離が所定の距離に到達する時間は予め判っている。このため、電極間距離検出器２２を設置せず、開閉器１２の電極距離が所定の距離に到達する時刻Ｃ１を開閉器１２への電極開制御の開始の時刻Ｃから予測し、遮断動作開始後の経過時刻に従って制御してもよい。 In the third embodiment, an inter-electrode distance detector 22 is installed in the switch 12, and the inter-electrode distance of the switch 12 is detected and controlled for interruption. However, the time for the distance between the electrodes to reach a predetermined distance is known in advance. For this reason, the inter-electrode distance detector 22 is not installed, and the time C1 when the electrode distance of the switch 12 reaches a predetermined distance is predicted from the time C of the electrode opening control start to the switch 12, and the breaking operation starts. You may control according to the later elapsed time.
　（変形例３）
　図１６は変形例３の直流遮断装置の構成を示す。変形例３の直流遮断装置では、第３実施形態の電流遮断装置から過渡電圧抑制回路１５を除外している。このように、過渡電圧抑制回路１５を有しなくても、直流遮断装置として動作可能である。この動作は、第２実施形態の電流遮断装置と同様、図１５によって表せるので、説明を省略する。 (Modification 3)
FIG. 16 shows the configuration of a DC interrupter of Modification 3. In the DC interrupter of Modification 3, the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is excluded from the current interrupter of the third embodiment. Thus, even if it does not have the transient voltage suppression circuit 15, it can operate as a DC interrupting device. Since this operation can be represented by FIG. 15 as in the case of the current interrupt device of the second embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
　（第４実施形態）
　次に、図１７、図１８を参照して第４実施形態の電流遮断装置を説明する。この第４実施形態は図１、図１４に示した第１，第３実施形態の直流遮断装置の変形例であり、第１、第３実施形態と同じ構成には同一の符号を付しその説明は省略する。 (Fourth embodiment)
Next, a current interrupting device according to a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18. The fourth embodiment is a modification of the DC interrupter of the first and third embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 14, and the same components as those in the first and third embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals. Description is omitted.
　図１７に示すように、この第４実施形態では、第１実施形態の開閉器１１に電極間距離検出器２３を増設している。電極間距離検出器２３は、開閉器１１の電極間距離を検出して制御器５０に通知する。制御器５０は、電極間距離検出器２３から通知された開閉器１１の電極間距離または電極開制御後の経過時間に基づいて、開閉器１１および半導体遮断器３１を制御する。 As shown in FIG. 17, in the fourth embodiment, an inter-electrode distance detector 23 is added to the switch 11 of the first embodiment. The interelectrode distance detector 23 detects the interelectrode distance of the switch 11 and notifies the controller 50 of it. The controller 50 controls the switch 11 and the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 based on the distance between the electrodes of the switch 11 notified from the interelectrode distance detector 23 or the elapsed time after the electrode opening control.
　この第４実施形態の場合、図１８に示すように、時刻Ｃ２を考慮に入れて開閉器１２の制御を行う。時刻Ｃ２は、開閉器１１への電極開制御の開始の時刻Ｃから予想される、開閉器１１の電極距離が所定の距離に到達する時刻である。制御器５０はこの時刻Ｃ２より遅い時点（例えば時刻Ｆ）で、オン状態の半導体遮断器３１をオフ（通電を切る状態）に切り替えるよう制御する。 In the case of the fourth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 18, the switch 12 is controlled in consideration of the time C2. The time C2 is the time when the electrode distance of the switch 11 reaches a predetermined distance, which is expected from the time C when the electrode opening control to the switch 11 is started. The controller 50 controls the semiconductor breaker 31 in the on state to be switched off (a state in which the power is cut off) at a time later than the time C2 (for example, time F).
　すなわち、この第４実施形態のでは、電極間距離検出器２２により検出された開閉器１１の電極間距離が常に制御器５０に伝えられる。制御器５０は、電極間距離検出器２３によって検出された開閉器１１の電極距離が予め設定された所定の距離（閾値）に到達する時刻Ｃ２を予測演算する。制御器５０は、時刻Ｃ２より前の、開閉器１１への電極開制御の開始タイミング（時刻Ｃ）を決定し、開閉器１１および半導体遮断器３１を遮断制御する。その後の動作は変形例１，３と同様である。 That is, in the fourth embodiment, the interelectrode distance of the switch 11 detected by the interelectrode distance detector 22 is always transmitted to the controller 50. The controller 50 predicts and calculates a time C2 when the electrode distance of the switch 11 detected by the interelectrode distance detector 23 reaches a predetermined distance (threshold value) set in advance. The controller 50 determines the start timing (time C) of the electrode opening control to the switch 11 before the time C2, and controls the switch 11 and the semiconductor circuit breaker 31 to be cut off. The subsequent operation is the same as in the first and third modifications.
　このようにこの第４実施形態によれば、開閉器１１に電極間距離検出器２３を配置し、開閉器１１の制御タイミングを取得する。このため、開閉器１１の耐圧性が十分に確保されるような状態になってから、直流遮断装置への高印加電圧が生じることになる（その期間は時刻Ｆ以降）。この結果、開閉器１１の運用上、非常に好ましい結果を得ることができる。 As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, the interelectrode distance detector 23 is arranged in the switch 11 and the control timing of the switch 11 is acquired. For this reason, after the switch 11 is in a state in which the pressure resistance is sufficiently secured, a high applied voltage to the DC circuit breaker is generated (the period is after time F). As a result, a very favorable result can be obtained in the operation of the switch 11.
　なお、第４実施形態では、開閉器１１に電極間距離検出器２３を配置し、開閉器１１の電極間距離を検出して遮断制御している。但し、電極間の距離が所定の距離に到達する時間は予め判っている。このため、電極間距離検出器２３を配置せず、開閉器１１の電極距離が所定の距離に到達するまでの時刻Ｃ２を、開閉器１１への電極開制御の開始の時刻Ｃから予測し、遮断動作開始後（開閉器１１の電極開制御開始後）の経過時刻に従って制御してもよい。 In the fourth embodiment, the inter-electrode distance detector 23 is disposed in the switch 11 and the inter-electrode distance of the switch 11 is detected and controlled for interruption. However, the time for the distance between the electrodes to reach a predetermined distance is known in advance. For this reason, the time C2 until the electrode distance of the switch 11 reaches a predetermined distance without using the inter-electrode distance detector 23 is predicted from the time C of the electrode opening control start to the switch 11, You may control according to the elapsed time after the interruption | blocking operation start (after the electrode opening control start of the switch 11).
　（変形例４）
　図１９は変形例４の直流遮断装置の構成を示す。変形例４の直流遮断装置では、第４実施形態の電流遮断装置から過渡電圧抑制回路１５を除外している。このように、過渡電圧抑制回路１５を有しなくても、直流遮断装置として動作可能である。この動作は、第２実施形態の電流遮断装置と同様、図１８によって表せるので、説明を省略する。 (Modification 4)
FIG. 19 shows a configuration of a DC cutoff device of Modification 4. In the direct current interrupt device of the modified example 4, the transient voltage suppression circuit 15 is excluded from the current interrupt device of the fourth embodiment. Thus, even if it does not have the transient voltage suppression circuit 15, it can operate as a DC interrupting device. Since this operation can be represented by FIG. 18 like the current interrupt device of the second embodiment, the description thereof is omitted.
　以上説明した少なくとも一つの実施形態および変形例によれば、通常時の通電損失を低く抑えかつ装置構成の大型化を回避することができる。換言すると、遮断すべき電流が大きい場合であっても小型で通常時の通電損失を低く抑えることができる直流遮断装置を提供できる。 According to at least one embodiment and modification described above, it is possible to suppress a normal energization loss and avoid an increase in the size of the apparatus configuration. In other words, even when the current to be interrupted is large, it is possible to provide a direct current interrupting device that is small in size and can suppress a normal energization loss.
　本発明の実施形態を説明したが、この実施形態は、例として提示したものであり、発明の範囲を限定することは意図していない。この新規な実施形態は、その他の様々な形態で実施されることが可能であり、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の省略、置き換え、変更を行うことができる。これら実施形態やその変形は、発明の範囲や要旨に含まれるとともに、特許請求の範囲に記載された発明とその均等の範囲に含まれる。 Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described, this embodiment is presented as an example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The novel embodiment can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

Claims (17)

  1. 　第1の開閉器と、
    　前記第１の開閉器と直列に接続され、前記第1の開閉器より低い絶縁耐圧を有する第２の開閉器と、
    　を有し、直流電流を流すための通電路と、
    　前記第２の開閉器と並列に接続され、前記直流電流の向きと逆向きの電流を前記第２の開閉器に注入する転流回路と、
    　前記通電路と並列に接続される半導体遮断器と、
    　前記通電路と並列に接続される非線形抵抗器と、
    を具備する直流遮断装置。     A first switch;
    A second switch connected in series with the first switch and having a lower withstand voltage than the first switch;
    An energization path for flowing a direct current,
    A commutation circuit connected in parallel with the second switch and injecting a current in a direction opposite to the direction of the direct current into the second switch;
    A semiconductor circuit breaker connected in parallel with the current path;
    A non-linear resistor connected in parallel with the current path;
    A DC interrupter comprising:
  2. 　前記転流回路が、互いに直列に接続される、コンデンサおよびスイッチを有する
    請求項１の直流遮断装置。     The DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the commutation circuit includes a capacitor and a switch connected in series with each other.
  3. 　前記転流回路が、前記コンデンサおよび前記スイッチと直列に接続される、リアクトルをさらに有する
    請求項２の直流遮断装置。     The DC circuit breaker according to claim 2, wherein the commutation circuit further includes a reactor connected in series with the capacitor and the switch.
  4. 　前記第２の開閉器と並列に接続され、第２のコンデンサを含む電圧抑制回路
    をさらに具備する請求項１記載の直流遮断装置。     The DC interrupter according to claim 1, further comprising a voltage suppression circuit connected in parallel with the second switch and including a second capacitor.
  5. 　前記電圧抑制回路が、
    　前記第２のコンデンサと直列に接続される第２のリアクトル、
    　前記第２のコンデンサと直列に接続される第２の抵抗器、または
    　前記第２のコンデンサと直列に接続される第２のリアクトルおよび第２の抵抗器
    　をさらに有する、
    請求項４の直流遮断装置。     The voltage suppression circuit is
    A second reactor connected in series with the second capacitor;
    A second resistor connected in series with the second capacitor, or a second reactor and a second resistor connected in series with the second capacitor,
    The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 4.
  6. 　前記第２の開閉器と並列に接続される第３の抵抗器
    をさらに具備する請求項１記載の直流遮断装置。     The DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, further comprising a third resistor connected in parallel with the second switch.
  7. 　前記第３の抵抗器が、非線形抵抗器である
    請求項６記載の直流遮断装置。     The DC breaker according to claim 6, wherein the third resistor is a non-linear resistor.
  8. 　前記第１、第２の開閉器と直列に接続される可飽和リアクトルをさらに具備し、
    　前記直列に接続された前記第２の開閉器および前記可飽和リアクトルが、前記転流回路と並列に接続される、
    　請求項１の直流遮断装置。     Further comprising a saturable reactor connected in series with the first and second switches;
    The second switch and the saturable reactor connected in series are connected in parallel with the commutation circuit;
    The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 1.
  9. 　前記第２の開閉器が、真空開閉器である
    　請求項１記載の直流遮断装置。     The DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the second switch is a vacuum switch.
  10. 　前記第２の開閉器が、縦磁界電極を有する真空開閉器である
    　請求項９記載の直流遮断装置。     The DC circuit breaker according to claim 9, wherein the second switch is a vacuum switch having a longitudinal magnetic field electrode.
  11. 　前記第１の開閉器が、ガス開閉器である
    　請求項１記載の直流遮断装置。     The DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the first switch is a gas switch.
  12. 　前記通電路を流れる前記直流電流に異常が検出された場合、前記第１および第２の開閉器を遮断する遮断制御を開始し、
    　前記遮断制御の開始後に、前記転流回路を制御して、前記逆向きの電流を前記第２の開閉器に注入させることによって、前記直流電流の経路を前記通電路から前記半導体遮断器に切り替え、
    　前記切替後に、前記半導体遮断器を制御して、オンからオフに切り替える
    　制御器をさらに具備する
    請求項１記載の直流遮断装置。     When an abnormality is detected in the direct current flowing through the energization path, a shutoff control for shutting off the first and second switches is started,
    After starting the shut-off control, the commutation circuit is controlled to inject the reverse current into the second switch, thereby switching the direct current path from the energizing path to the semiconductor circuit breaker. ,
    The DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, further comprising a controller that controls the semiconductor circuit breaker to switch from on to off after the switching.
  13. 　前記制御器は、
    　前記第２の開閉器が開となってから所定の時間後に、前記転流回路の制御を開始する、
    　請求項１２記載の直流遮断装置。     The controller is
    Starting control of the commutation circuit after a predetermined time after the second switch is opened;
    The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 12.
  14. 　前記第２の開閉器の電極間距離を検出する検出器をさらに具備し、
    　前記制御器は、
    　前記検出された電極間距離に基づいて、前記転流回路の制御を開始する、
    　請求項１２項に記載の直流遮断装置。     A detector for detecting a distance between the electrodes of the second switch;
    The controller is
    Starting control of the commutation circuit based on the detected inter-electrode distance;
    The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 12.
  15. 　前記制御器は、
    　前記第１の開閉器が開となってから所定の時間後に、前記半導体遮断器を制御して、オンからオフに切り替える、
    　請求項１２項に記載の直流遮断装置。     The controller is
    A predetermined time after the first switch is opened, the semiconductor circuit breaker is controlled to switch from on to off;
    The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 12.
  16. 　前記第１の開閉器の電極間距離を検出する検出器をさらに具備し、
    　前記制御器は、
    　前記検出された電極間距離に基づいて、前記半導体遮断器をオンからオフに切り替える、
    　請求項１２項に記載の直流遮断装置。     A detector for detecting a distance between the electrodes of the first switch;
    The controller is
    Based on the detected inter-electrode distance, switching the semiconductor breaker from on to off,
    The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 12.
  17. 　前記制御器は、
    　前記転流回路が前記逆向きの電流を前記第２の開閉器に注入した後、前記電極間距離が所定の距離に到達した場合に、前記半導体遮断器をオンからオフに切り替える、
    　請求項１６記載の直流遮断装置。     The controller is
    After the commutation circuit injects the reverse current into the second switch, the semiconductor circuit breaker is switched from on to off when the distance between the electrodes reaches a predetermined distance.
    The DC interrupter according to claim 16.
PCT/JP2016/001649 2015-03-24 2016-03-22 Direct current interruption device WO2016152147A1 (en)

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US11694864B2 (en) 2020-09-30 2023-07-04 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Vacuum interrupter with trap for running cathode tracks
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