WO2016146849A1 - Method and device for draping and bonding a textile strip including heating by microwaves - Google Patents

Method and device for draping and bonding a textile strip including heating by microwaves Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016146849A1
WO2016146849A1 PCT/EP2016/056071 EP2016056071W WO2016146849A1 WO 2016146849 A1 WO2016146849 A1 WO 2016146849A1 EP 2016056071 W EP2016056071 W EP 2016056071W WO 2016146849 A1 WO2016146849 A1 WO 2016146849A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
preform
antenna
spacer
heating
textile web
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2016/056071
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Stéphane BECHTEL
Anaïs BARASINSKY
Rémi LUROT
Original Assignee
Intitut De Recherche Et De Technologie Jules Verne
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intitut De Recherche Et De Technologie Jules Verne filed Critical Intitut De Recherche Et De Technologie Jules Verne
Priority to EP16711253.1A priority Critical patent/EP3271137A1/en
Publication of WO2016146849A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016146849A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
    • B29C70/38—Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns
    • B29C70/386—Automated tape laying [ATL]
    • B29C70/388—Tape placement heads, e.g. component parts, details or accessories
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/72—Radiators or antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B11/00—Making preforms
    • B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
    • B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0855—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1425—Microwave radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1487—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation making use of light guides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
    • B29C66/7292—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics coated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8122—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/812—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8126—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the composition, by the structure, by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the intensive physical properties or by the optical properties of the material constituting the pressing elements, e.g. constituting the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81262—Electrical and dielectric properties, e.g. electrical conductivity
    • B29C66/81263—Dielectric properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81422—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being convex
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
    • B29L2031/3082—Fuselages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for draping or welding a textile web comprising microwave heating.
  • the invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, dedicated to the field of producing a laminated fibrous composite preform, the lamination being obtained by the removal of textile strips or the placement of fibers, said fibers being said to be dry or pre-impregnated a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer, or by welding two composite preforms.
  • the invention relates to the means and method for heating the composite layers assembled during the production of the preform, more particularly during the automated production of said preform, by draping or welding.
  • the invention is suitable for producing a large composite part, particularly in the aeronautical field, energy production and land transport.
  • the production of a fibrous preform laminated by deposition of fibers or fibrous webs requires heating to allow adhesion of said webs or fibers with the preform.
  • This heating is aimed at activating the tack of the polymer binding the fibers, thus allowing the adhesion of the fibers deposited with the preform, or to facilitate the conformation of the deposited strips to a desired shape, these two objectives being compatible with each other .
  • thermoplastic polymer which polymer is mixed with the fibers, for example by dusting or by calendering a polymer film
  • this heating is essential to obtain at least the adhesion fibers deposited in the preform, or, in some applications, preconsolidation of the preform thus obtained.
  • the adhesion of the folds to the preform requires that said polymer be brought to a high temperature, close to the temperature melting said polymer.
  • This heating operation is a limit to the rate of deposition, that is to say the productivity of an automated system, which directs the skilled person to very high heating processes.
  • energetic like heating by a laser source or by induction.
  • these very energetic means present a risk vis-à-vis the quality of the room if the temperature reached during heating and the exposure time of the material at this temperature are not perfectly controlled.
  • these heating processes tend to act differently on the polymer constituting the matrix and on the fibrous reinforcements.
  • the solutions of the prior art use a so-called static welding said parts, these being maintained in pressure against each other.
  • WO 2009/138782 discloses a method for static heating of a polymer matrix composite part contained in a mold, which mold is placed in a resonant cavity subjected to microwaves, producing a multimode applicator. The heating action of said microwaves is localized by a coating of the tool and the introduction into the resin constituting the polymer matrix of magnetite particles.
  • Document US 2012/0160834 discloses a method and a device for draping a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite preform, in which the heating of the deposited strips is carried out by means of microwaves by means of an antenna. moving with the head of draping.
  • Said antenna consists of a thin metal plate in the form of a disk portion, covering a sector of about 90 °, for a radius corresponding to about 1/2 wavelength of the microwave radiation used, and pierced with a hole substantially in the center of gravity of said circular sector.
  • said antenna is placed above the preform at a distance of about 5 mm from it and connected by a waveguide to a microwave generator at the frequency Conventional 2.45 GHz, a wavelength of 12.25 cm.
  • the antenna makes it possible to generate an electric field perpendicular to the fibers and thus to heat the polymer constituting the matrix.
  • the reflections of the wave must be confined between the antenna and the material to be heated and parasitic reflections, especially with the protective walls of the device, must be avoided.
  • this device of the prior art is placed in an enclosure whose walls are specially treated to avoid reflections of the waves, or whose dimensions are sufficient to avoid these reflections, that is to say placed at more than 8 lengths antenna wave is more than one meter, regardless of the position of the antenna.
  • Such a device of the prior art is poorly suited to the industrial draping of a large part and makes complex the installation of any device capable of applying pressure or to conform the folds deposited near the antenna.
  • the distance between the antenna and the material to be heated must be strictly controlled at all times.
  • the invention aims to solve the disadvantages of the prior art and concerns for this purpose a device for heating and applying to a preform a textile web comprising a fibrous reinforcement and a polymer, which device comprises: a. a metal antenna connected to a magnetron by a waveguide and having a radiating face oriented towards the preform, adapted to produce electromagnetic radiation at a frequency /;
  • an intermediate shim made of a dielectric material with a low loss factor at the frequency between the radiating face of the antenna and the preform
  • vs. means for fixing the spacer wedge to the antenna.
  • the spacer which moves with the antenna relative to the preform, ensures on the one hand a rigorous control of the distance between the preform and the radiating face of the antenna. Furthermore, the contact between this wedge and the material has the effect of setting all possible fiber peluchas and thus avoid peak effects.
  • the intermediate wedge does not heat under the effect of microwaves because of its low loss factor and thus does not penalize the amount of energy transmitted to the material to be heated, but its dielectric properties favor the "channeling" of the microwaves. -ondes towards the textile band to be heated.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention comprises:
  • pressure means capable of compressing the spacer between the preform and the radiating face of the antenna.
  • the mechanical pressure ensures uniform contact of the wedge on the preform and thus a control of the distance of the antenna at any point, so that the heating is uniform.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention comprises:
  • the roller makes it possible to hold the textile strip in contact with the preform in order to achieve its adhesion and cooperates with the heating assembly to apply the necessary pressure of the textile strip on the preform, according to the intended application.
  • the spacer is made of mica. This embodiment makes it possible to carry out high temperature heating, particularly in the case of a high performance thermoplastic matrix composite.
  • the spacer is made of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • the spacer has a certain flexibility which allows it to conform to the shape of the preform.
  • this material has a low coefficient of friction which limits the risk of degradation of the textile webs and makes it also suitable for draping peg strips.
  • the spacer is shaped to the shape of the preform.
  • this conformation is obtained by deformation of said intermediate wedge, when its flexibility allows it, in particular by the application pressure of the wedge on the preform, or by machining the wedge to the adapted form. This embodiment ensures uniform contact between the textile web and the preform.
  • the device of the invention, the antenna and the wedge are deformable and it comprises:
  • shaping means for deforming the antenna and the intermediate plate so as to adapt them to the shape of the preform.
  • This embodiment ensures perfect control, in every respect, of the distance of the antenna with respect to the preform.
  • the shaping means comprise zones of articulation of the antenna and the spacer.
  • said zones are constituted by mechanical joints or, more advantageously, by elastic joints or ball joints obtained by locally modifying the rigidity of the antenna or the intermediate wedge.
  • the shaping means advantageously comprise means for biasing the antenna or the intermediate shim.
  • the piloting of these means thus makes it possible to adapt the shape of the antenna to the shape of the preform during draping.
  • the spacer has a zone whose thickness is controlled to obtain a particular temperature distribution in the textile strip during its heating.
  • the spacer comprises a screen area, able to prohibit a passage of the electromagnetic wave through said screen area.
  • the invention also relates to a method for draping a textile strip on a composite preform, implementing a device according to any one embodiments of the device according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
  • the method which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to homogeneously distribute the heating power over the surface just required for the draping operation and thus to obtain high removal rates without any risk of degradation of the material.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a schematic example of implementation of the invention for applying a textile strip to a composite preform, FIG. 1A, in a welding configuration and FIG. 1B in a FIG. draping or fiber placement configuration;
  • Figure 2 shows in a sectional view AA defined in Figure 1A, an assembly example of the antenna and the spacer of the device of the invention, Figure 2A in a planar configuration, and Figure 2B in a configuration suitable for draping or welding on a shaped preform;
  • Figure 3 shows schematically an exemplary embodiment of an antenna assembly and intermediate wedge conformable to the shape of the preform, Figure 3A in planar configuration and Figure 3B in form;
  • FIG. 4 is a view in the same section as FIGS. 2 and 3 of an exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention in which the spacer comprises microwaves shielding zones.
  • thermoplastic polymer means a fibrous textile web comprising a polymer powder, a film or co-mixed polymer fibers, or a partially consolidated thermoplastic matrix composite web.
  • the device that is the subject of the invention is adapted to an application head (190) for adhering a textile strip (11 1, 1 12) comprising a continuous fibrous reinforcement and a polymer on a preform (100).
  • the application head (190) is, for example, supported by a numerically controlled machine tool, making it possible to control the relative displacements of said head (190) with respect to the preform and also to control the conditions of application and heating the textile web (11 1, 1 12).
  • this operation consists of a draping of a wide band, possibly comprising several folds, or a placement operation of fibers of a narrow wick, or a welding operation of a rigid band.
  • the polymer constituting the matrix of the textile web (1 1 1, 112) is a thermoplastic polymer, for example a polyetheretherketone or PEEK or a polyetheretherimide or PEI, or a phenylene polysulfide or PPS, or a polyamide, without these examples being used. are not limiting or exhaustive.
  • the fiber reinforcement consists of carbon or glass fibers or thermoplastic fibers having a melting temperature higher than that of the polymer constituting the matrix.
  • the polymer constituting the matrix of the textile strip (11 1, 1 12) is a thermosetting polymer, for example an epoxy or polyester resin
  • the preform (100) or the textile strip comprises a strip of thermoplastic polymer with the interface between said textile strip (1 1 1, 112) and the preform.
  • the fold of the textile strip at the interface with the preform or the fold of the preform at the interface with the textile strip comprises a dispersion of particles capable of concentrating the effect of microwaves, for example ferrites.
  • the heating assembly includes an antenna (120) connected via a waveguide (121) to a magnetron (not shown) carried by the application head. Said antenna (120) is separated from the preform (100) by a wedge (130) intermediate. Pressure means (140), here symbolized by a compression spring, apply the assembly consisting of the antenna (120) and the shim (130) interposed on the preform (100) or on the strip (1 11). textile with a pressure between 0 and 1 bar (10 5 .Pa).
  • the thickness of said intermediate wedge (130) defines the distance between the antenna (120) and the surface subjected to microwaves, this distance and the thickness of the wedge are advantageously between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm, and ideally of the order of 2 mm, in order to obtain a homogeneous distribution of heating on a surface substantially equivalent to that of the antenna.
  • Said intermediate wedge (130) consists of a dielectric material with a low loss factor, ie a loss factor of less than or equal to 10 -2 at the frequency of the microwaves generated by the magnetron.
  • said wedge (130) is composed of mic of muscovite type, which allows it to withstand high temperature, especially for the application of a textile strip (11 1, 1 12) pre-impregnated with PEEK.
  • the spacer (130) is made of a ceramic material, PTFE, polyethylene or glass or silicates such as quartz, without this list being exhaustive. not shown), the spacer is composed of a composite many of the materials mentioned above.
  • said shim is made of a polymer incorporating bars of mica or quartz, so that the shim remains flexible in flexion but rigid in compression, the rigid bars ensuring this compressive rigidity.
  • the shim is made of a rigid material such as mica or ceramic and receives on its face in contact with the textile strip a PTFE coating.
  • this coating that ensures a reduction of the coefficient of friction with the preform and the textile strip, or, if its thickness is sufficient, allows an adaptation of the shape of the contact ensuring the pressure of the textile strip on the preform, particularly when the preform has a large radius of curvature, for example a radius of curvature greater than 5 meters.
  • the textile strip (1 1 1) is a rigid, consolidated or preconsolidated lamination, and the operation performed is a welding operation of said textile strip ( 1 1 1) on the preform (100).
  • said textile strip (1 11) is a wing of a profile welded to the preform (100).
  • One or more rollers (150) hold the textile web (11 1) in contact with the preform (100) during the welding operation.
  • the roller (150) follows the heating assembly in the direction (191) of relative progression of the application head relative to the preform.
  • the spacer (130) is able to act as a pressure shoe to promote adhesion, welding or co-consolidation with the preform of the textile strip
  • the device of the invention is adapted to drape a web (112) textile, pre-impregnated with a thermoplastic polymer, on a preform (100).
  • the heating assembly is positioned so as to heat the interface between the strip
  • the antenna (120) consists of a metal thin plate and the intermediate spacer (130) is removably connected to said plate by fixing means (231) so that said shim is interchangeable to adapt to the shape of the part, or in case of wear, or to vary the distance between the antenna and the textile strip according to the intended application.
  • the plate constituting the antenna is made of an electrically conductive material, for example a metal, such as an aluminum alloy, copper or stainless steel.
  • said antenna is made of graphite.
  • the intermediate spacer (230) is shaped in a cylindrical form and the plate (220) constituting the antenna is sufficiently flexible to take the form of said intermediate plate.
  • This embodiment is, for example, suitable for draping in the form of a composite fuselage portion of an aircraft, or for the continuous welding of stiffeners inside such a fuselage section.
  • the spacer is flexible and its conformation is imposed by the shape of the plate constituting the antenna (220) configured in this case to be rigid.
  • the plate (320) constituting the antenna and the wedge (330) spacer comprise areas (321, 331) of articulation allowing them to deform in a direction of curvature privileged.
  • these articulation zones are elastic joints constituted by mechanically weakened zones of the antenna and the intermediate wedge.
  • the pressure means (340) symbolized here by springs, implement the flexibility conferred by these articulations to conform the shape of this assembly (320, 330) to the form (300) of the tooling or the preform on which the draping is done.
  • the compression stiffness of the intermediate shim remains sufficient to control the distance of the antenna (320) relative to the preform.
  • the pressure means (340) are here represented as localized means acting on the antenna and the intermediate plate to adapt them to a convex shape.
  • the same pressure means in the form of springs or cylinders are also adapted to give this set a shape suitable for a concave preform.
  • said pressure means are constituted by a bladder whose inflation makes it possible to modify the shape of the antenna and the shim.
  • said bladder is integrated in the spacer.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention comprises screen areas for modulating the distribution of the microwaves emitted by the antenna (420) in the textile strip, the preform and in the environment .
  • These areas are shown here arranged in the wedge (430) spacer without this embodiment being limiting.
  • said hold integrates for example one or more braids (461) metal and one or more cavities (462) in hydraulic connection with means (not shown) for creating a circulation of water in said cavities (462).
  • the invention achieves the desired objectives, in particular it makes it possible to control in a rigorous manner the distance between the antenna and the material deposited on the preform, in automated draping, on a preform of complex shape.
  • This control is performed at the antenna by means of pressure and conformation without requiring, for some of them, a specific control, so that the heating device object of the invention is particularly adaptable on a machine existing fiber layup or placement.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (190) for heating and applying to a preform (100) a textile strip (111, 112) comprising a fibrous reinforcement and a polymer, characterised in that it includes: a. a metal antenna (120) connected to a magnetron by a waveguide (121) and including a radiating surface directed towards the preform (100) capable of producing electromagnetic radiation at a frequency ∫; b. an inserted shim (130), made up of a dielectric material with low loss factor at the frequency ∫ between the radiating surface of the antenna and the preform (100); and c. means for securing the inserted shim to the antenna (120).

Description

PROCÉDÉ ET DISPOSITIF DE DRAPAGE ET DE SOUDAGE D'UNE BANDE TEXTILE COMPRENANT UN CHAUFFAGE PAR MICRO-ONDES  METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRAPING AND WELDING A TEXTILE STRIP COMPRISING MICROWAVE HEATING
L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif de drapage ou de soudage d'une bande textile comprenant un chauffage par micro-ondes. L'invention est plus particulièrement, mais non exclusivement, dédiée au domaine de la réalisation d'une préforme composite fibreuse stratifiée, la stratification étant obtenue par la dépose de bandes textiles ou le placement de fibres, lesdites fibres étant dites sèches ou pré-imprégnée d'un polymère thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique, ou encore par la soudure de deux préformes composites. De manière plus précise, l'invention se rapporte aux moyens et au procédé de chauffage des couches composites assemblées lors de la réalisation de la préforme, plus particulièrement lors de la réalisation automatisée de ladite préforme, par drapage ou par soudage. L'invention est adaptée à la réalisation d'une pièce composite de grande dimension, notamment dans le domaine aéronautique, de la production énergétique et du transport terrestre. The invention relates to a method and a device for draping or welding a textile web comprising microwave heating. The invention is more particularly, but not exclusively, dedicated to the field of producing a laminated fibrous composite preform, the lamination being obtained by the removal of textile strips or the placement of fibers, said fibers being said to be dry or pre-impregnated a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer, or by welding two composite preforms. More specifically, the invention relates to the means and method for heating the composite layers assembled during the production of the preform, more particularly during the automated production of said preform, by draping or welding. The invention is suitable for producing a large composite part, particularly in the aeronautical field, energy production and land transport.
Dans certaines circonstances, la réalisation d'une préforme fibreuse stratifiée par dépôt de fibres ou de bandes fibreuses, requiert un chauffage pour permettre l'adhésion desdites bandes ou des fibres avec la préforme. Ce chauffage vise à activer la pégosité du polymère liant les fibres, permettant ainsi l'adhésion des fibres déposées avec la préforme, ou à faciliter la conformation des bandes déposées à une forme désirée, ces deux objectifs étant compatibles l'un avec l'autre. Plus particulièrement dans le cas de la dépose de fibres dites pré-imprégnées d'un polymère thermoplastique, lequel polymère est mêlé aux fibres par exemple par poudrage ou par calandrage d'un film polymère, ce chauffage est indispensable pour obtenir au moins l'adhésion des fibres déposées à la préforme, voire, dans certaines applications, la préconsolidation de la préforme ainsi obtenue. Dans le domaine du drapage d'un composite dont la matrice est constituée d'un polymère thermoplastique, par exemple le polyétheréthercétone ou PEEK, l'adhésion des plis à la préforme nécessite que ledit polymère soit porté à une température élevée, proche de la température de fusion dudit polymère. Cette opération de chauffage est une limite à la vitesse de dépose, c'est-à-dire à la productivité d'un système automatisé, ce qui oriente l'homme du métier vers des procédés de chauffage très énergiques comme le chauffage par une source laser ou par induction. Cependant, ces moyens très énergiques présentent un risque vis-à-vis de la qualité de la pièce si la température atteinte au cours du chauffage et le temps d'exposition de la matière à cette température ne sont pas parfaitement contrôlés. De plus, ces procédés de chauffage tendent à agir différemment sur le polymère constituant la matrice et sur les renforts fibreux. Dans le domaine de l'assemblage par soudage de deux pièces composites dont la matrice est constituée d'un polymère thermoplastique, les solutions de l'art antérieur utilisent un soudage dit statique desdites pièces, celles-ci étant maintenues en pression l'une contre l'autre dans la zone de soudure par un outillage spécifique et portées à une température proche de la température de fusion du polymère constituant la matrice. Ce procédé de l'art antérieur nécessite la mise en œuvre d'un outillage de grande dimension et, en portant l'ensemble des deux pièces assemblées à une température élevée, présente le risque d'introduire des défauts dans le matériau y compris en dehors des zones de soudure. L'outillage représente une masse importante à chauffer comparativement à la masse de la pièce composite. Under certain circumstances, the production of a fibrous preform laminated by deposition of fibers or fibrous webs requires heating to allow adhesion of said webs or fibers with the preform. This heating is aimed at activating the tack of the polymer binding the fibers, thus allowing the adhesion of the fibers deposited with the preform, or to facilitate the conformation of the deposited strips to a desired shape, these two objectives being compatible with each other . More particularly in the case of the deposition of said fibers pre-impregnated with a thermoplastic polymer, which polymer is mixed with the fibers, for example by dusting or by calendering a polymer film, this heating is essential to obtain at least the adhesion fibers deposited in the preform, or, in some applications, preconsolidation of the preform thus obtained. In the field of draping a composite whose matrix consists of a thermoplastic polymer, for example polyetheretherketone or PEEK, the adhesion of the folds to the preform requires that said polymer be brought to a high temperature, close to the temperature melting said polymer. This heating operation is a limit to the rate of deposition, that is to say the productivity of an automated system, which directs the skilled person to very high heating processes. energetic like heating by a laser source or by induction. However, these very energetic means present a risk vis-à-vis the quality of the room if the temperature reached during heating and the exposure time of the material at this temperature are not perfectly controlled. In addition, these heating processes tend to act differently on the polymer constituting the matrix and on the fibrous reinforcements. In the field of joining by welding of two composite parts whose matrix consists of a thermoplastic polymer, the solutions of the prior art use a so-called static welding said parts, these being maintained in pressure against each other. the other in the welding zone by specific tools and brought to a temperature close to the melting temperature of the polymer constituting the matrix. This process of the prior art requires the implementation of a large tool and, bringing all of the two assembled parts to a high temperature, has the risk of introducing defects in the material including outside welding areas. The tooling represents a large mass to be heated compared to the mass of the composite part.
Le document WO 2009/138782 décrit un procédé de chauffage statique d'une pièce composite à matrice polymère contenue dans un moule, lequel moule est placé dans une cavité résonante soumise aux micro-ondes, réalisant un appiicateur multimode. L'action de chauffage desdites micro-ondes est localisée par un revêtement de l'outillage et l'introduction dans la résine constituant la matrice du polymère, de particules de magnétite.  WO 2009/138782 discloses a method for static heating of a polymer matrix composite part contained in a mold, which mold is placed in a resonant cavity subjected to microwaves, producing a multimode applicator. The heating action of said microwaves is localized by a coating of the tool and the introduction into the resin constituting the polymer matrix of magnetite particles.
Le document US 2012/0160834 décrit un procédé et un dispositif de drapage d'une préforme composite à matrice polymère renforcée par des fibres de carbone, dans lequel le chauffage des bandes déposées est réalisé par des micro-ondes au moyen d'une antenne se déplaçant avec la tête de drapage. Ladite antenne est constituée d'une fine plaque de métal de la forme d'une portion de disque, couvrant un secteur d'environ 90°, pour un rayon correspondant à environ 1/2 longueur d'onde du rayonnement micro-ondes utilisé, et percée d'un trou placé sensiblement au centre de gravité dudit secteur circulaire. Selon cet art antérieur, ladite antenne est placée au-dessus de la préforme à une distance d'environ 5 mm de celle-ci et connectée par un guide d'onde à un générateur de micro-ondes à la fréquence conventionnelle de 2,45 GHz, soit une longueur d'onde de 12,25 cm. Dans ces conditions, l'antenne permet de générer un champ électrique perpendiculaire aux fibres et ainsi de chauffer le polymère constituant la matrice. Afin d'obtenir ce résultat, les réflexions de l'onde doivent être confinées entre l'antenne et la matière à chauffer et les réflexions parasites notamment avec les parois de protection du dispositif doivent être évitées. Ainsi ce dispositif de l'art antérieur est placé dans une enceinte dont les parois sont spécialement traitées pour éviter les réflexions des ondes, ou dont les dimensions sont suffisantes pour éviter ces réflexions, c'est-à-dire placées à plus de 8 longueurs d'onde de l'antenne soit plus d'un mètre, quelle que soit la position de celle-ci. Un tel dispositif de l'art antérieur est peu adapté au drapage industriel d'une pièce de grande dimension et rend complexe l'installation de tout dispositif apte à appliquer une pression ou à conformer les plis déposés à proximité de l'antenne. De plus, la distance entre l'antenne et la matière à chauffer doit être rigoureusement contrôlée à tout moment. Document US 2012/0160834 discloses a method and a device for draping a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite preform, in which the heating of the deposited strips is carried out by means of microwaves by means of an antenna. moving with the head of draping. Said antenna consists of a thin metal plate in the form of a disk portion, covering a sector of about 90 °, for a radius corresponding to about 1/2 wavelength of the microwave radiation used, and pierced with a hole substantially in the center of gravity of said circular sector. According to this prior art, said antenna is placed above the preform at a distance of about 5 mm from it and connected by a waveguide to a microwave generator at the frequency Conventional 2.45 GHz, a wavelength of 12.25 cm. Under these conditions, the antenna makes it possible to generate an electric field perpendicular to the fibers and thus to heat the polymer constituting the matrix. In order to obtain this result, the reflections of the wave must be confined between the antenna and the material to be heated and parasitic reflections, especially with the protective walls of the device, must be avoided. Thus this device of the prior art is placed in an enclosure whose walls are specially treated to avoid reflections of the waves, or whose dimensions are sufficient to avoid these reflections, that is to say placed at more than 8 lengths antenna wave is more than one meter, regardless of the position of the antenna. Such a device of the prior art is poorly suited to the industrial draping of a large part and makes complex the installation of any device capable of applying pressure or to conform the folds deposited near the antenna. In addition, the distance between the antenna and the material to be heated must be strictly controlled at all times.
Finalement ce procédé de l'art antérieur s'avère être sensible à tous les défauts de surface constatés sur les plis drapés, notamment les peluchas de fibres qui se comportent comme autant de pointes concentrant sur elles l'énergie électromagnétique.  Finally, this process of the prior art proves to be sensitive to all the surface defects noted on the draped folds, in particular fiber peluchas that behave like so many points concentrating on them the electromagnetic energy.
L'invention vise à résoudre les inconvénients de l'art antérieur et concerne à cette fin un dispositif pour le chauffage et l'application sur une préforme d'une bande textile comprenant un renfort fibreux et un polymère, lequel dispositif comporte : a. une antenne métallique connectée à un magnétron par un guide d'onde et comportant une face rayonnante orientée vers la préforme, apte à produire un rayonnement électromagnétique à une fréquence /;  The invention aims to solve the disadvantages of the prior art and concerns for this purpose a device for heating and applying to a preform a textile web comprising a fibrous reinforcement and a polymer, which device comprises: a. a metal antenna connected to a magnetron by a waveguide and having a radiating face oriented towards the preform, adapted to produce electromagnetic radiation at a frequency /;
b. une cale intercalaire, constituée d'un matériau diélectrique à faible facteur de perte à la fréquence entre la face rayonnante de l'antenne et la préforme ;  b. an intermediate shim, made of a dielectric material with a low loss factor at the frequency between the radiating face of the antenna and the preform;
c. des moyens pour fixer la cale intercalaire à l'antenne.  vs. means for fixing the spacer wedge to the antenna.
Ainsi, la cale intercalaire, qui se déplace avec l'antenne relativement à la préforme, assure d'une part un contrôle rigoureux de la distance entre la préforme et la face rayonnante de l'antenne. Par ailleurs, le contact entre cette cale et la matière a notamment pour effet de coucher tous les éventuels peluchas de fibres et ainsi d'éviter les effets de pointe. La cale intercalaire ne chauffe pas sous l'effet des micro-ondes du fait de son faible facteur de perte et ainsi ne pénalise pas la quantité d'énergie transmise à la matière à chauffer, mais ses propriétés diélectriques favorisent la « canalisation » des micro-ondes vers la bande textile à chauffer. Thus, the spacer, which moves with the antenna relative to the preform, ensures on the one hand a rigorous control of the distance between the preform and the radiating face of the antenna. Furthermore, the contact between this wedge and the material has the effect of setting all possible fiber peluchas and thus avoid peak effects. The intermediate wedge does not heat under the effect of microwaves because of its low loss factor and thus does not penalize the amount of energy transmitted to the material to be heated, but its dielectric properties favor the "channeling" of the microwaves. -ondes towards the textile band to be heated.
L'invention est avantageusement mise en œuvre selon les modes de réalisation et variantes exposés ci-après, lesquels sont à considérer individuellement et selon toute combinaison techniquement opérante.  The invention is advantageously implemented according to the embodiments and variants described below, which are to be considered individually and in any technically operative combination.
Avantageusement, le dispositif objet de l'invention comporte :  Advantageously, the device which is the subject of the invention comprises:
d. des moyens de pression aptes à comprimer la cale intercalaire entre la préforme et la face rayonnante de l'antenne.  d. pressure means capable of compressing the spacer between the preform and the radiating face of the antenna.
Ainsi la pression mécanique assure un contact uniforme de la cale sur la préforme et ainsi un contrôle de la distance de l'antenne en tout point, de sorte que le chauffage soit uniforme.  Thus the mechanical pressure ensures uniform contact of the wedge on the preform and thus a control of the distance of the antenna at any point, so that the heating is uniform.
Avantageusement, le dispositif objet de l'invention comporte :  Advantageously, the device which is the subject of the invention comprises:
e. un rouleau d'application de la bande textile sur la préforme.  e. a roll of application of the textile strip on the preform.
Ainsi, le rouleau permet de maintenir la bande textile au contact de la préforme pour en réaliser l'adhésion et coopère avec l'ensemble de chauffage pour appliquer la pression nécessaire de la bande textile sur la préforme, selon l'application visée.  Thus, the roller makes it possible to hold the textile strip in contact with the preform in order to achieve its adhesion and cooperates with the heating assembly to apply the necessary pressure of the textile strip on the preform, according to the intended application.
Selon un exemple de réalisation, la cale intercalaire est constituée de mica. Ce mode de réalisation permet de réaliser un chauffage à température élevée, notamment dans le cas d'un composite à matrice thermoplastique à haute performance.  According to an exemplary embodiment, the spacer is made of mica. This embodiment makes it possible to carry out high temperature heating, particularly in the case of a high performance thermoplastic matrix composite.
Selon un autre exemple de réalisation, la cale intercalaire est constituée d'un polytétrafluroéthylène (PTFE). Selon ce mode de réalisation, la cale intercalaire présente une certaine souplesse ce qui lui permet de se conformer à la forme de la préforme. De plus, ce matériau présente un faible coefficient de frottement ce qui limite les risques de dégradation des bandes textiles et le rend également adapté au drapage de bandes pégueuses.  According to another embodiment, the spacer is made of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). According to this embodiment, the spacer has a certain flexibility which allows it to conform to the shape of the preform. In addition, this material has a low coefficient of friction which limits the risk of degradation of the textile webs and makes it also suitable for draping peg strips.
Avantageusement, la cale intercalaire est conformée à la forme de la préforme. Selon des variantes de réalisation cette conformation est obtenue par déformation de ladite cale intercalaire, lorsque sa souplesse le permet, notamment par la pression d'application de la cale sur la préforme, ou par usinage de la cale à la forme adaptée. Ce mode de réalisation assure un contact uniforme entre la bande textile et la préforme. Advantageously, the spacer is shaped to the shape of the preform. According to variant embodiments, this conformation is obtained by deformation of said intermediate wedge, when its flexibility allows it, in particular by the application pressure of the wedge on the preform, or by machining the wedge to the adapted form. This embodiment ensures uniform contact between the textile web and the preform.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, du dispositif objet de l'invention, l'antenne et la cale intercalaire sont déformables et il comprend :  According to an advantageous embodiment, the device of the invention, the antenna and the wedge are deformable and it comprises:
f. des moyens de conformation pour déformer l'antenne et la plaque intercalaire de sorte à les adapter à la forme de la préforme.  f. shaping means for deforming the antenna and the intermediate plate so as to adapt them to the shape of the preform.
Ce mode de réalisation assure une maîtrise parfaite, en tout point, de la distance de l'antenne par rapport à la préforme.  This embodiment ensures perfect control, in every respect, of the distance of the antenna with respect to the preform.
Avantageusement, les moyens de conformation comprennent des zones d'articulations de l'antenne et de la cale intercalaire. Selon des variantes de réalisation, lesdites zones sont constituées par des articulations mécaniques ou, plus avantageusement par des articulations ou rotules élastiques obtenues en modifiant localement la rigidité de l'antenne ou de la cale intermédiaire. Ces points d'articulation permettent de contrôler de manière prévisible la forme de l'ensemble antenne et cale intermédiaire en fonction d'une sollicitation qui leur est appliquée.  Advantageously, the shaping means comprise zones of articulation of the antenna and the spacer. According to alternative embodiments, said zones are constituted by mechanical joints or, more advantageously, by elastic joints or ball joints obtained by locally modifying the rigidity of the antenna or the intermediate wedge. These points of articulation make it possible to predictably control the shape of the intermediate antenna and shim set as a function of a load applied to them.
Ainsi, les moyens de conformation comprennent avantageusement des moyens de sollicitation de l'antenne ou de la cale intermédiaire. Le pilotage de ces moyens permet ainsi d'adapter la forme de l'antenne à la forme de la préforme au cours du drapage.  Thus, the shaping means advantageously comprise means for biasing the antenna or the intermediate shim. The piloting of these means thus makes it possible to adapt the shape of the antenna to the shape of the preform during draping.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, la cale intercalaire comporte une zone dont l'épaisseur est contrôlée pour obtenir une répartition particulière de température dans la bande textile lors de son chauffage.  According to a particular embodiment, the spacer has a zone whose thickness is controlled to obtain a particular temperature distribution in the textile strip during its heating.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier, compatible avec le précédent, la cale intercalaire comporte une zone écran, apte à interdire un passage de l'onde électromagnétique au travers de ladite zone écran.  According to another particular embodiment, compatible with the previous one, the spacer comprises a screen area, able to prohibit a passage of the electromagnetic wave through said screen area.
Ces modes de réalisation offrent des degrés de liberté supplémentaires comparativement à l'art antérieur, pour contrôler le champ électrique induit dans les plis déposés et la répartition de température de chauffage.  These embodiments provide additional degrees of freedom compared to the prior art for controlling the induced electric field in the deposited plies and the heating temperature distribution.
L'invention concerne également un procédé pour le drapage d'une bande textile sur une préforme composite, mettant en œuvre un dispositif selon l'un quelconque des modes de réalisation du dispositif objet de l'invention, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes consistant à : The invention also relates to a method for draping a textile strip on a composite preform, implementing a device according to any one embodiments of the device according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
i. appliquer la bande textile sur la préforme au moyen d'un rouleau d'application ;  i. apply the textile strip on the preform by means of an application roller;
ii. chauffer l'interface entre la bande textile et la préforme par microondes, en pressant ladite bande textile sur la préforme au moyen de la cale intercalaire.  ii. heating the interface between the textile strip and the preform by microwaves, by pressing said textile strip on the preform by means of the intermediate wedge.
Ainsi, le procédé objet de l'invention permet de répartir de manière homogène la puissance de chauffage sur la surface juste nécessaire à l'opération de drapage et ainsi d'obtenir des vitesses de dépose élevées sans risque de dégradation de la matière.  Thus, the method which is the subject of the invention makes it possible to homogeneously distribute the heating power over the surface just required for the draping operation and thus to obtain high removal rates without any risk of degradation of the material.
L'invention est exposée ci-après selon ses modes de réalisation préférés, nullement limitatifs, et en référence aux figures 1 à 4, dans lesquelles :  The invention is explained below according to its preferred embodiments, in no way limiting, and with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4, in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un exemple schématique de mise en oeuvre de l'invention pour l'application d'une bande textile sur une préforme composite, figure 1A, dans une configuration de soudage et figure 1 B dans une configuration de drapage ou de placement de fibres ;  FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a schematic example of implementation of the invention for applying a textile strip to a composite preform, FIG. 1A, in a welding configuration and FIG. 1B in a FIG. draping or fiber placement configuration;
- la figure 2 montre selon une vue en coupe AA définie figure 1A, un exemple d'assemblage de l'antenne et de la cale intercalaire du dispositif objet de l'invention, figure 2A selon une configuration plane, et figure 2B selon une configuration adaptée à un drapage ou un soudage sur une préforme en forme ;  - Figure 2 shows in a sectional view AA defined in Figure 1A, an assembly example of the antenna and the spacer of the device of the invention, Figure 2A in a planar configuration, and Figure 2B in a configuration suitable for draping or welding on a shaped preform;
- la figure 3 représente schématiquement un exemple de réalisation d'un ensemble antenne et cale intercalaire conformable à la forme de la préforme, figure 3A en configuration plane et figure 3B en forme ;  - Figure 3 shows schematically an exemplary embodiment of an antenna assembly and intermediate wedge conformable to the shape of the preform, Figure 3A in planar configuration and Figure 3B in form;
- et la figure 4 est une vue selon la même coupe que les figures 2 et 3, d'un exemple de réalisation du dispositif objet de l'invention dans lequel la cale intercalaire comprend des zones écran faisant barrage aux micro-ondes. and FIG. 4 is a view in the same section as FIGS. 2 and 3 of an exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention in which the spacer comprises microwaves shielding zones.
Dans tout le texte, les termes « bande textile » sont utilisés avec une signification large et couvrent à la fois une bande fibreuse ou des fibres monopli, une superposition de plusieurs plis, voire une bande rigide préconsolidée ou partiellement consolidé dans le cas d'un assemblage par soudure d'une préforme et d'une bande à matrice thermoplastique. Le terme partiellement consolidé désigne une stratification de plis composites à matrice thermoplastique, soudés entre eux préalablement à la dépose par la mise en fusion du polymère constituant la matrice, mais dont les chaînes moléculaires dudit polymère ne s'étendent pas entre deux plis, les liaisons entre lesdits plis restant essentiellement surfaciques. Le terme pré-imprégné, s'agissant d'un polymère thermoplastique désigne une bande textile fibreuse comportant un poudrage de polymère, un filmage ou des fibres polymères co- mêlées, ou encore une bande composite à matrice thermoplastique partiellement consolidée. Throughout the text, the terms "textile band" are used with a broad meaning and cover both a fibrous web or monopli fibers, a superposition of several folds, or even a preconsolidated or partially consolidated rigid web in the case of a web. welding assembly of a preform and a strip with thermoplastic matrix. The term partially consolidated refers to a stratification of thermoplastic matrix composite plies, welded together prior to the deposition by melting of the polymer constituting the matrix, but whose molecular chains of said polymer do not extend between two folds, the bonds between said plies remaining essentially surface. The term pre-impregnated, being a thermoplastic polymer, means a fibrous textile web comprising a polymer powder, a film or co-mixed polymer fibers, or a partially consolidated thermoplastic matrix composite web.
Figure 1 , selon un exemple schématique de réalisation, le dispositif objet de l'invention est adapté sur une tête (190) d'application pour l'adhésion d'une bande (11 1 , 1 12) textile comprenant un renfort fibreux continu et un polymère, sur une préforme (100). La tête (190) d'application est, par exemple, supportée par une machine-outil à commande numérique, permettant de contrôler les déplacements relatifs de ladite tête (190) par rapport à la préforme et également de piloter les conditions d'application et chauffage de la bande textile (11 1 , 1 12). Selon différentes variantes de réalisation cette opération consiste en un drapage d'une bande large, comprenant éventuellement plusieurs plis, ou une opération de placement de fibres d'une mèche étroite, ou une opération de soudage d'une bande rigide. Le polymère constituant la matrice de la bande (1 1 1 , 112) textile est un polymère thermoplastique, par exemple un polyétheréthercétone ou PEEK ou un polyétherétherimide ou PEI, ou encore un polysulfure de phénylène ou PPS, ou un polyamide, sans que ces exemples ne soient limitatifs ni exhaustifs. Le renfort fibreux est constitué de fibres de carbone ou de verre ou encore de fibres thermoplastiques ayant une température de fusion supérieure à celle du polymère constituant la matrice. Selon une variante, le polymère constituant la matrice de la bande textile (11 1 , 1 12) est un polymère thermodurcissable, par exemple une résine époxy ou polyester, et la préforme (100) ou la bande textile comporte une bande de polymère thermoplastique à l'interface entre ladite bande textile (1 1 1 , 112) et la préforme. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier (non représenté), le pli de la bande textile se trouvant à l'interface avec la préforme ou le pli de la préforme se trouvant à l'interface avec la bande textile comprennent une dispersion de particules aptes à concentrer l'effet des micro-ondes, par exemple des ferrites. L'ensemble de chauffage comporte une antenne (120) reliée par l'intermédiaire d'un guide d'onde (121 ) à un magnétron (non représenté) porté par la tête d'application. Ladite antenne (120) est séparée de la préforme (100) par une cale (130) intercalaire. Des moyens (140) de pression, ici symbolisés par un ressort de compression, appliquent l'ensemble constitué de l'antenne (120) et de la cale (130) intercalaire sur la préforme (100) ou sur la bande (1 11 ) textile avec une pression comprise entre 0 et 1 bar (105.Pa). L'épaisseur de ladite cale (130) intercalaire définit la distance entre l'antenne (120) et la surface soumise aux microondes, cette distance et l'épaisseur de la cale, sont avantageusement comprises entre 0,5 mm et 5 mm, préférentiellement comprises entre 1 mm et 3 mm, et idéalement de l'ordre de 2 mm, ceci afin d'obtenir une répartition homogène du chauffage sur une surface sensiblement équivalente à celle de l'antenne. Ladite cale (130) intercalaire est constituée d'un matériau diélectrique à faible facteur de perte, c'est-à-dire un facteur de perte inférieur ou égale à 10"2 à la fréquence des micro- ondes générées par le magnétron. Cette fréquence est comprise entre 1 GHz et 3 GHz (109 à 3.109 Hz) soit une longueur d'onde comprise entre 30 cm et 10 cm, et plus communément égale à 2,45 GHz. À titre d'exemples non limitatifs, ladite cale (130) intercalaire est constituée de mica de type muscovite, ce qui lui permet de résister à haute température, notamment pour l'application d'une bande textile (11 1 , 1 12) pré-imprégnée de PEEK. Selon d'autres exemples de réalisation, la cale (130) intercalaire est constituée d'un matériau céramique, de PTFE, de polyéthylène ou encore de verre ou de silicates comme du quartz, sans que cette liste ne soit exhaustive. Selon d'autres modes de réalisation (non représentés), la cale intercalaire est constituée d'un composite combinant plusieurs des matériaux cités ci-avant. Ainsi, par exemple, ladite cale est constituée d'un polymère intégrant des barreaux de mica ou de quartz, de sorte que la cale reste souple en flexion mais rigide en compression, les barreaux rigides assurant cette rigidité en compression. Selon un autre exemple de réalisation composite, la cale est constituée d'un matériau rigide, tel du mica ou de la céramique et reçoit sur sa face en contact avec la bande textile un revêtement de PTFE. Selon l'épaisseur de ce revêtement, celui assure une réduction du coefficient de frottement avec la préforme et la bande textile, ou, si son épaisseur est suffisante, permet une adaptation de la forme du contact assurant la pression de la bande textile sur la préforme, particulièrement lorsque la préforme présente un grand rayon de courbure, par exemple un rayon de courbure supérieur à 5 mètres. FIG. 1, according to a schematic embodiment, the device that is the subject of the invention is adapted to an application head (190) for adhering a textile strip (11 1, 1 12) comprising a continuous fibrous reinforcement and a polymer on a preform (100). The application head (190) is, for example, supported by a numerically controlled machine tool, making it possible to control the relative displacements of said head (190) with respect to the preform and also to control the conditions of application and heating the textile web (11 1, 1 12). According to different embodiments this operation consists of a draping of a wide band, possibly comprising several folds, or a placement operation of fibers of a narrow wick, or a welding operation of a rigid band. The polymer constituting the matrix of the textile web (1 1 1, 112) is a thermoplastic polymer, for example a polyetheretherketone or PEEK or a polyetheretherimide or PEI, or a phenylene polysulfide or PPS, or a polyamide, without these examples being used. are not limiting or exhaustive. The fiber reinforcement consists of carbon or glass fibers or thermoplastic fibers having a melting temperature higher than that of the polymer constituting the matrix. According to one variant, the polymer constituting the matrix of the textile strip (11 1, 1 12) is a thermosetting polymer, for example an epoxy or polyester resin, and the preform (100) or the textile strip comprises a strip of thermoplastic polymer with the interface between said textile strip (1 1 1, 112) and the preform. According to a particular embodiment (not shown), the fold of the textile strip at the interface with the preform or the fold of the preform at the interface with the textile strip comprises a dispersion of particles capable of concentrating the effect of microwaves, for example ferrites. The heating assembly includes an antenna (120) connected via a waveguide (121) to a magnetron (not shown) carried by the application head. Said antenna (120) is separated from the preform (100) by a wedge (130) intermediate. Pressure means (140), here symbolized by a compression spring, apply the assembly consisting of the antenna (120) and the shim (130) interposed on the preform (100) or on the strip (1 11). textile with a pressure between 0 and 1 bar (10 5 .Pa). The thickness of said intermediate wedge (130) defines the distance between the antenna (120) and the surface subjected to microwaves, this distance and the thickness of the wedge are advantageously between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm, and ideally of the order of 2 mm, in order to obtain a homogeneous distribution of heating on a surface substantially equivalent to that of the antenna. Said intermediate wedge (130) consists of a dielectric material with a low loss factor, ie a loss factor of less than or equal to 10 -2 at the frequency of the microwaves generated by the magnetron. frequency is between 1 GHz and 3 GHz (10 9 to 3.10 9 Hz) or a wavelength of between 30 cm and 10 cm, and more commonly equal to 2.45 GHz As non-limiting examples, said wedge (130) is composed of mic of muscovite type, which allows it to withstand high temperature, especially for the application of a textile strip (11 1, 1 12) pre-impregnated with PEEK. embodiments, the spacer (130) is made of a ceramic material, PTFE, polyethylene or glass or silicates such as quartz, without this list being exhaustive. not shown), the spacer is composed of a composite many of the materials mentioned above. Thus, for example, said shim is made of a polymer incorporating bars of mica or quartz, so that the shim remains flexible in flexion but rigid in compression, the rigid bars ensuring this compressive rigidity. According to another example of composite embodiment, the shim is made of a rigid material such as mica or ceramic and receives on its face in contact with the textile strip a PTFE coating. Depending on the thickness of this coating, that ensures a reduction of the coefficient of friction with the preform and the textile strip, or, if its thickness is sufficient, allows an adaptation of the shape of the contact ensuring the pressure of the textile strip on the preform, particularly when the preform has a large radius of curvature, for example a radius of curvature greater than 5 meters.
Figure 1A, selon un mode de mise en oeuvre du dispositif objet de l'invention, la bande textile (1 1 1 ) est une stratification rigide, consolidée ou préconsolidée, et l'opération réalisée est une opération de soudage de ladite bande textile (1 1 1 ) sur la préforme (100). Selon un exemple de réalisation, ladite bande textile (1 11 ) est une aile d'un profilé soudé sur la préforme (100). Un ou plusieurs rouleaux (150) permettent de maintenir la bande textile (11 1 ) au contact de la préforme (100) pendant l'opération de soudage. Selon cet exemple de réalisation non limitatif, le rouleau (150) suit l'ensemble de chauffage dans le sens (191 ) relatif de progression de la tête d'application par rapport à la préforme. La configuration inverse est également possible, où le rouleau précède l'ensemble de chauffage dans le sens progression de la tête (190), ou encore, l'ensemble de chauffage est placé entre deux rouleaux d'application. Selon l'effort appliqué par les moyens (140) de pression, la cale (130) intercalaire est apte à agir comme un sabot de pression pour favoriser l'adhésion, la soudure ou la co-consolidation avec la préforme de la bande textile FIG. 1A, according to an embodiment of the device that is the subject of the invention, the textile strip (1 1 1) is a rigid, consolidated or preconsolidated lamination, and the operation performed is a welding operation of said textile strip ( 1 1 1) on the preform (100). According to an exemplary embodiment, said textile strip (1 11) is a wing of a profile welded to the preform (100). One or more rollers (150) hold the textile web (11 1) in contact with the preform (100) during the welding operation. According to this nonlimiting exemplary embodiment, the roller (150) follows the heating assembly in the direction (191) of relative progression of the application head relative to the preform. The reverse configuration is also possible, where the roll precedes the heating assembly in the advancing direction of the head (190), or the heating assembly is placed between two application rollers. According to the force applied by the pressure means (140), the spacer (130) is able to act as a pressure shoe to promote adhesion, welding or co-consolidation with the preform of the textile strip
(11 1 ) , en coopération ou non avec le rouleau (150). (11 1), in cooperation or not with the roller (150).
Figure B, selon un autre exemple de mise en oeuvre, le dispositif objet de l'invention est adapté au drapage d'une bande (112) textile, pré-imprégnée d'un polymère thermoplastique, sur une préforme (100). Selon ce mode de mise en œuvre l'ensemble de chauffage est positionné de sorte à chauffer l'interface entre la bande Figure B, according to another example of implementation, the device of the invention is adapted to drape a web (112) textile, pre-impregnated with a thermoplastic polymer, on a preform (100). According to this mode of implementation the heating assembly is positioned so as to heat the interface between the strip
(112) textile et la préforme (100). (112) textile and the preform (100).
Figure 2A, selon un exemple de réalisation, l'antenne (120) est constituée d'une plaque mince en métal et la cale (130) intercalaire est liée de manière amovible à ladite plaque par des moyens (231 ) de fixation de sorte que ladite cale est interchangeable pour s'adapter à la forme de la pièce, ou en cas d'usure, ou encore pour varier la distance entre l'antenne et la bande textile selon l'application visée. La plaque constituant l'antenne est constituée d'un matériau électriquement conducteur, par exemple un métal, comme un alliage d'aluminium, de cuivre ou un acier inoxydable. Selon un autre mode de réalisation ladite antenne est constituée de graphite. Selon un exemple de mise en œuvre, figure 2B, la cale (230) intercalaire est conformée selon une forme cylindrique et la plaque (220) constituant l'antenne est suffisamment flexible pour prendre la forme de ladite plaque intercalaire. Ce mode de réalisation est, par exemple, adapté au drapage en forme d'une portion de fuselage composite d'un aéronef, ou au soudage en continu de raidisseurs à l'intérieur d'un tel tronçon de fuselage. Alternativement, la cale intercalaire est flexible et sa conformation est imposée par la forme de la plaque constituant l'antenne (220) configurée dans ce cas pour être rigide. 2A, according to an exemplary embodiment, the antenna (120) consists of a metal thin plate and the intermediate spacer (130) is removably connected to said plate by fixing means (231) so that said shim is interchangeable to adapt to the shape of the part, or in case of wear, or to vary the distance between the antenna and the textile strip according to the intended application. The plate constituting the antenna is made of an electrically conductive material, for example a metal, such as an aluminum alloy, copper or stainless steel. According to another embodiment, said antenna is made of graphite. According to an example of implementation, FIG. 2B, the intermediate spacer (230) is shaped in a cylindrical form and the plate (220) constituting the antenna is sufficiently flexible to take the form of said intermediate plate. This embodiment is, for example, suitable for draping in the form of a composite fuselage portion of an aircraft, or for the continuous welding of stiffeners inside such a fuselage section. Alternatively, the spacer is flexible and its conformation is imposed by the shape of the plate constituting the antenna (220) configured in this case to be rigid.
Figure 3A, selon un autre mode de mise en œuvre, la plaque (320) constituant l'antenne et la cale (330) intercalaire, comportent des zones (321 , 331 ) d'articulation leur permettant de se déformer selon un sens de courbure privilégié. Selon cet exemple de réalisation, ces zones d'articulation sont des articulations élastiques constituées par des zones affaiblies mécaniquement de l'antenne et de la cale intercalaire. Ainsi, figure 3B, les moyens de pression (340), symbolisés ici par des ressorts, mettent en œuvre la souplesse conférée par ces articulations pour conformer la forme de cet ensemble (320, 330) à la forme (300) de l'outillage ou de la préforme sur laquelle le drapage est réalisé. La rigidité en compression de la cale intermédiaire reste suffisante pour assurer le contrôle de la distance de l'antenne (320) par rapport à la préforme. Au besoin cette rigidité en compression est améliorée par une constitution composite de la cale. Les moyens de pression (340) sont ici représentés comme des moyens localisés agissant sur l'antenne et la plaque intercalaire pour les adapter à une forme convexe. Les mêmes moyens de pression sous la forme de ressorts ou de vérins sont également adaptés à conférer à cet ensemble une forme appropriée à une préforme concave. Selon un mode de réalisation alternatif (non représenté), ou de manière complémentaire, lesdits moyens de pression sont constitués par une vessie dont le gonflage permet de modifier la forme de l'antenne et de la cale. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, non représenté, ladite vessie est intégrée dans la cale intercalaire.  3A, according to another embodiment, the plate (320) constituting the antenna and the wedge (330) spacer, comprise areas (321, 331) of articulation allowing them to deform in a direction of curvature privileged. According to this exemplary embodiment, these articulation zones are elastic joints constituted by mechanically weakened zones of the antenna and the intermediate wedge. Thus, FIG. 3B, the pressure means (340), symbolized here by springs, implement the flexibility conferred by these articulations to conform the shape of this assembly (320, 330) to the form (300) of the tooling or the preform on which the draping is done. The compression stiffness of the intermediate shim remains sufficient to control the distance of the antenna (320) relative to the preform. If necessary this compression stiffness is improved by a composite constitution of the wedge. The pressure means (340) are here represented as localized means acting on the antenna and the intermediate plate to adapt them to a convex shape. The same pressure means in the form of springs or cylinders are also adapted to give this set a shape suitable for a concave preform. According to an alternative embodiment (not shown), or in a complementary manner, said pressure means are constituted by a bladder whose inflation makes it possible to modify the shape of the antenna and the shim. According to a particular embodiment, not shown, said bladder is integrated in the spacer.
Figure 4, selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le dispositif objet de l'invention comprend des zones formant écran pour moduler la répartition des micro- ondes émises par l'antenne (420) dans la bande textile, la préforme et dans l'environnement. Ces zones sont ici représentées aménagées dans la cale (430) intercalaire sans que cet exemple de réalisation ne soit limitatif. Ainsi, ladite cale intègre par exemple une ou plusieurs tresses (461 ) métalliques et une ou plusieurs cavités (462) en liaison hydraulique avec des moyens (non représentés) permettant de créer une circulation d'eau dans lesdites cavités (462). FIG. 4, according to a particular embodiment, the device which is the subject of the invention comprises screen areas for modulating the distribution of the microwaves emitted by the antenna (420) in the textile strip, the preform and in the environment . These areas are shown here arranged in the wedge (430) spacer without this embodiment being limiting. Thus, said hold integrates for example one or more braids (461) metal and one or more cavities (462) in hydraulic connection with means (not shown) for creating a circulation of water in said cavities (462).
La description ci-avant montre que l'invention atteint les objectifs visés, en particulier elle permet de contrôler de manière rigoureuse la distance entre l'antenne et la matière déposée sur la préforme, en drapage automatisé, sur une préforme de forme complexe. Ce contrôle est réalisé au niveau de l'antenne par des moyens de pression et de conformation sans nécessiter, pour certains d'entre eux, un pilotage spécifique, de sorte que le dispositif de chauffage objet de l'invention est notamment adaptable sur une machine de drapage ou de placement de fibre existante.  The above description shows that the invention achieves the desired objectives, in particular it makes it possible to control in a rigorous manner the distance between the antenna and the material deposited on the preform, in automated draping, on a preform of complex shape. This control is performed at the antenna by means of pressure and conformation without requiring, for some of them, a specific control, so that the heating device object of the invention is particularly adaptable on a machine existing fiber layup or placement.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
Dispositif (190) pour le chauffage et l'application sur une préforme (100) d'une bande (1 11 , 1 12) textile comprenant un renfort fibreux et un polymère, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte : Device (190) for heating and applying to a preform (100) a textile web (1 11, 1 12) comprising a fibrous reinforcement and a polymer, characterized in that it comprises:
a. une antenne (120, 220, 320) métallique connectée à un magnétron par un guide d'onde (121 ) et comportant une face rayonnante orientée vers la préforme, apte à produire un rayonnement électromagnétique à une fréquence / ; at. a metal antenna (120, 220, 320) connected to a magnetron by a waveguide (121) and having a radiating face oriented towards the preform, adapted to produce electromagnetic radiation at a frequency /;
b. une cale (130, 330) intercalaire, constituée d'un matériau diélectrique à faible facteur de perte à la fréquence/ entre la face rayonnante de l'antenne et la préforme ; b. a spacer (130, 330) intermediate, consisting of a dielectric material low loss factor at the frequency / between the radiating face of the antenna and the preform;
c. des moyens (231 ) pour fixer la cale intercalaire à l'antenne. vs. means (231) for fixing the spacer to the antenna.
Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , comportant : Device according to claim 1, comprising:
d. des moyens (140, 340) de pression aptes à comprimer la cale intercalaire (130, 330) entre la préforme et la face rayonnante de l'antenne. d. pressure means (140, 340) capable of compressing the spacer (130, 330) between the preform and the radiating face of the antenna.
Dispositif selon la revendication 2, comportant : Device according to claim 2, comprising:
e. Un rouleau (150) d'application de la bande textile (111 , 112) sur la préforme (100). e. A roll (150) for applying the textile web (111, 112) to the preform (100).
Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la cale intercalaire est constituée d'un polytétrafluroéthylène (PTFE). Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the spacer is made of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel la cale intercalaire est constituée de mica. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the spacer is made of mica.
Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel la cale intercalaire est conformée à la forme de la préforme (100). Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the spacer is shaped to the shape of the preform (100).
Dispositif selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'antenne (220, 320) et la cale intercalaire (230, 330) sont déformables et qui comprend : f. des moyens (340) de conformation pour déformer l'antenne et la plaque intercalaire de sorte à les adapter à la forme de la préforme. Device according to claim 6, wherein the antenna (220, 320) and the spacer (230, 330) are deformable and which comprises: f. shaping means (340) for deforming the antenna and the spacer plate so as to adapt them to the shape of the preform.
Dispositif selon la revendication 7, dans lequel les moyens de conformation comprennent des zones (321 , 331 ) d'articulations de l'antenne et de la cale intercalaire. Device according to claim 7, wherein the shaping means comprise zones (321, 331) of articulations of the antenna and the wedge.
Dispositif selon une des revendications 6 à 7, dans lequel les moyens de conformation comprennent des moyens (340) de sollicitation de l'antenne ou de la cale intermédiaire. Device according to one of claims 6 to 7, wherein the shaping means comprise means (340) for biasing the antenna or the intermediate shim.
Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel la cale intercalaire comporte une zone dont l'épaisseur est contrôlée pour obtenir une répartition particulière de température dans la préforme lors de son chauffage. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the spacer comprises a zone whose thickness is controlled to obtain a particular temperature distribution in the preform during its heating.
Dispositif selon une des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel la cale intercalaire comporte une zone (461 , 462) écran, apte à interdire un passage de l'onde électromagnétique au travers de ladite zone écran. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the spacer comprises a zone (461, 462) screen, adapted to prohibit passage of the electromagnetic wave through said screen area.
Procédé pour le drapage d'une bande textile (112) sur une préforme (100) composite, mettant en oeuvre un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 11 , caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes consistant à : A method for draping a textile web (112) on a composite preform (100) embodying a device according to any one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
i. appliquer la bande (112) textile sur la préforme (100) au moyen d'un rouleau (150) d'application ; i. applying the textile web (112) to the preform (100) by means of an application roll (150);
ii. chauffer l'interface entre la bande textile (112) et la préforme (100) par micro-ondes, en pressant ladite bande textile sur la préforme au moyen de la cale intercalaire (130, 330). ii. heating the interface between the textile web (112) and the preform (100) by microwaves, by pressing said textile web on the preform by means of the spacer (130, 330).
PCT/EP2016/056071 2015-03-18 2016-03-18 Method and device for draping and bonding a textile strip including heating by microwaves WO2016146849A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16711253.1A EP3271137A1 (en) 2015-03-18 2016-03-18 Method and device for draping and bonding a textile strip including heating by microwaves

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1552209 2015-03-18
FR1552209A FR3033728B1 (en) 2015-03-18 2015-03-18 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DRAPING AND WELDING A TEXTILE STRIP COMPRISING MICROWAVE HEATING

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FR (1) FR3033728B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2016146849A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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TWI640411B (en) * 2016-11-11 2018-11-11 Ihi Corporation Prepreg sheet manufacturing apparatus

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009138782A2 (en) 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Airbus Uk Limited A thermosetting epoxy resin, a composite material, a method of forming a composite material article, a mould and a method of making a mould
US20120160834A1 (en) 2010-10-22 2012-06-28 Christian Ress Method for heating a fiber/plastic composite material
DE102011104071A1 (en) * 2011-06-11 2012-12-13 Daimler Ag Method for manufacturing leaf spring that is utilized for function integration of e.g. axle to vehicle, involves melting matrix material in prepeg tape by concentrated introduction of heat when prepeg band is impinged on mold
US20130149491A1 (en) * 2011-12-07 2013-06-13 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Composite article made with unidirectional fibre reinforced tape

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009138782A2 (en) 2008-05-13 2009-11-19 Airbus Uk Limited A thermosetting epoxy resin, a composite material, a method of forming a composite material article, a mould and a method of making a mould
US20120160834A1 (en) 2010-10-22 2012-06-28 Christian Ress Method for heating a fiber/plastic composite material
DE102011104071A1 (en) * 2011-06-11 2012-12-13 Daimler Ag Method for manufacturing leaf spring that is utilized for function integration of e.g. axle to vehicle, involves melting matrix material in prepeg tape by concentrated introduction of heat when prepeg band is impinged on mold
US20130149491A1 (en) * 2011-12-07 2013-06-13 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Composite article made with unidirectional fibre reinforced tape

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI640411B (en) * 2016-11-11 2018-11-11 Ihi Corporation Prepreg sheet manufacturing apparatus

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FR3033728A1 (en) 2016-09-23
FR3033728B1 (en) 2017-12-08
EP3271137A1 (en) 2018-01-24

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