WO2016143857A1 - 積層不織布 - Google Patents

積層不織布 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016143857A1
WO2016143857A1 PCT/JP2016/057594 JP2016057594W WO2016143857A1 WO 2016143857 A1 WO2016143857 A1 WO 2016143857A1 JP 2016057594 W JP2016057594 W JP 2016057594W WO 2016143857 A1 WO2016143857 A1 WO 2016143857A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
nonwoven fabric
laminated
fiber
fibers
laminated nonwoven
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2016/057594
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
梶山宏史
大森平
境賢一
Original Assignee
東レ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 東レ株式会社 filed Critical 東レ株式会社
Priority to JP2017505397A priority Critical patent/JP6801643B2/ja
Priority to US15/557,307 priority patent/US11015272B2/en
Priority to KR1020177025032A priority patent/KR102494455B1/ko
Priority to MX2017011285A priority patent/MX2017011285A/es
Priority to CN201680014511.6A priority patent/CN107429456B/zh
Priority to EP16761823.0A priority patent/EP3269860B1/en
Publication of WO2016143857A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016143857A1/ja

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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825Composite fibres
    • D04H1/43828Composite fibres sheath-core
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4374Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334Polyamides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
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    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435Polyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825Composite fibres
    • D04H1/4383Composite fibres sea-island
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
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    • D10B2331/041Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyesters, e.g. polyethylene terephthalate [PET] derived from hydroxy-carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D10B2401/00Physical properties
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    • D10B2401/041Heat-responsive characteristics thermoplastic; thermosetting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a laminated nonwoven fabric, particularly a nonwoven fabric excellent in sound absorption.
  • Nonwoven fabric is used for the purpose of sound absorption and heat insulation in automobiles and electrical products. Especially for automobiles, a light and thin nonwoven fabric is required to improve fuel consumption.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a sound-absorbing material composed of a laminated nonwoven fabric composed of a nonwoven fabric layer composed of nanofibers in the surface layer portion and a base portion composed of fibers having a single fiber diameter larger than that of the nanofibers.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a sound-absorbing material mainly composed of a face material made of a laminated non-woven fabric of polyester fibers and mainly anti-felt felt.
  • the sound absorbing material described in Patent Document 1 is described as having a sound absorption rate of 85% or more in a high frequency region of 2000 Hz.
  • the sound absorbing material described in Patent Document 2 is also described as having a sound absorption rate of 40% or more at a frequency of 2000 to 5000 Hz.
  • a low frequency region 800 to 1250 Hz. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a laminated nonwoven fabric having excellent sound absorption performance in a low frequency region.
  • a laminated nonwoven fabric having a skin layer and a base material layer The skin layer has a nonwoven fabric A, the density of the nonwoven fabric A is 100 to 500 kg / m 3 , the thickness is 0.5 to 2.5 mm, and the air permeability is 4 to 40 cm 3 / cm 2 / s.
  • a laminated nonwoven fabric having excellent sound absorption in the low frequency region can be obtained. Furthermore, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, a highly flexible laminated nonwoven fabric is obtained.
  • the laminated nonwoven fabric of the present invention has a skin layer and a base material layer, the skin layer has a nonwoven fabric A, the density of the nonwoven fabric A is 100 to 500 kg / m 3 , and the thickness of the nonwoven fabric A is 0.00. 5 to 2.5 mm, the air permeability of the nonwoven fabric A is 4 to 40 cm 3 / cm 2 / s, the base material layer has the nonwoven fabric B, and the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric B is 200 to 500 g / m 2 .
  • the thickness of the nonwoven fabric B is 5 to 40 mm.
  • the laminated nonwoven fabric of the present invention provides excellent sound absorption at 800 to 1250 Hz by laminating at least the nonwoven fabric A included in the skin layer and the nonwoven fabric B included in the base material layer.
  • the nonwoven fabric A needs to have a density of 100 to 500 kg / m 3 .
  • the skin layer resonates due to sound, so that so-called plate vibration occurs, and the sound absorption coefficient in the low frequency region increases.
  • 150 kg / m 3 or more is preferable, and 300 Kg / m 3 or less is preferable.
  • the thickness of the nonwoven fabric A is preferably 0.5 to 2.5 mm. If it is in the said range, it will become the skin layer excellent in the softness
  • the air permeability of the nonwoven fabric A needs to be 4 to 40 cm 3 / cm 2 / s.
  • the air permeability means a value measured according to JIS L 1096-1999 8.27.1 A method (fragile type method) as described in the Examples section.
  • the non-woven fabric A preferably has a pore distribution in a certain range in order to increase energy loss due to air friction, and the pore diameter distribution degree is more than 0 and not more than 10 ⁇ m, and the pore diameter dispersion degree is 1 to 20, 10 to It is preferable that the pore size dispersion degree of 20 ⁇ m is 15 to 60.
  • the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric A preferably is 100 ⁇ 400g / m 2 and preferably, 130 g / m 2 or more. More preferably, it is 150 g / m 2 or more.
  • the material constituting the nonwoven fabric A is preferably a thermoplastic resin having excellent heat resistance, and considering the availability and productivity, it includes fibers made of polyamide and / or fibers made of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the fiber made of polyamide may be a fiber made only of polyamide, or may contain components other than polyamide as an additive or the like as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
  • the fiber made of polyethylene terephthalate may be a fiber made only of polyethylene terephthalate, or may contain components other than polyethylene terephthalate as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
  • Nonwoven fabric A is preferably a short fiber nonwoven fabric obtained by a needle punch method or a spunlace method because it can easily control density, thickness, and air permeability.
  • Nonwoven fabric A contains 20 to 40% by mass of thermoplastic fibers made of a thermoplastic resin having a single fiber diameter of 1 to 5000 nm (hereinafter, these fibers may be referred to as nanofibers) with respect to the entire nonwoven fabric A. It is preferable. By setting it as 20 mass% or more, the number of fiber components in the nonwoven fabric A can be increased, and as a result, the density and air permeability of the nonwoven fabric A can be easily controlled.
  • the number average single fiber diameter is preferably 150 nm or more, more preferably 2000 nm or less, and even more preferably 700 nm or less.
  • Nonwoven fabric A is composed of 100% nanofibers, a mixture of nanofibers and fibers thicker than nanofibers (that is, fibers having a single fiber diameter exceeding 5000 nm), nanofiber layers and nanofibers.
  • a thick fiber layer may be laminated. More preferably, a nanofiber layer and a layer of fibers thicker than the nanofiber are laminated.
  • a plurality of non-woven fabrics in which nanofiber layers and layers of fibers thicker than nanofibers are laminated may be prepared and bonded together using a low melting point powder or the like.
  • the nanofibers in the present invention include various types such as those in which single fibers are dispersed, those in which single fibers are partially bonded, and aggregates (for example, bundles) in which a plurality of single fibers are aggregated.
  • aggregates for example, bundles
  • a polymer alloy melt consisting of two or more kinds of polymers having different solubility in a solvent and having an easily soluble polymer as a sea (matrix) and a hardly soluble polymer as an island (domain) is used.
  • An example is a method of spinning and solidifying by cooling after spinning. And after extending
  • a fiber containing polyamide and polyethylene terephthalate having poor compatibility inside may be made into a nonwoven fabric, and needle punching or water jet punching may be performed to break the polyamide and polyethylene terephthalate into nanofibers.
  • the skin layer may have other sheet-like materials in addition to the nonwoven fabric A as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
  • the basis weight of the nonwoven fabric B is 200 to 500 g / m 2 .
  • the basis weight is 200 to 500 g / m 2 .
  • a porous laminated nonwoven fabric having continuous pores can be obtained.
  • flexibility is obtained because a fabric weight shall be 500 g / m ⁇ 2 > or less.
  • the followability is good when the laminated nonwoven fabric is stuck to the concavo-convex portion, and the workability is excellent.
  • the thickness of the nonwoven fabric B is 5 to 40 mm. By setting the thickness to 5 mm or more, a layer having a certain thickness under the skin layer and containing air is formed, and the Helmholtz resonance occurs between the skin layer and the layer containing air, so that a low frequency region can be absorbed. And since it is a porous thing which has a continuous hole, the sound absorption property of a high frequency area
  • the thickness of the nonwoven fabric B is preferably 10 mm or more, and more preferably 12 mm or more. Moreover, workability
  • the upper limit of the thickness of the nonwoven fabric B is more preferably 30 mm or less.
  • the nonwoven fabric B preferably contains thermoplastic fibers from the viewpoint of productivity and uniformity of heat insulation performance. Moreover, it is preferable that said nonwoven fabric B contains a thermoplastic binder fiber further.
  • thermoplastic fiber contained in the non-woven fabric B examples include polyethylene terephthalate fiber, polyamide 6 fiber, and polypropylene fiber. Among them, the viewpoint of being excellent in hydrophobicity and heat resistance and contributing to improvement in durability and flame retardancy. To polyethylene terephthalate fibers are preferred.
  • a flame retardant polyester fiber which is a flame retardant material, may be used for the fibers contained in the nonwoven fabric B.
  • the nonwoven fabric B preferably contains 5 to 40% by mass of thermoplastic fibers having a single yarn fineness of 1.0 dtex or less with respect to the entire nonwoven fabric B.
  • the nonwoven fabric B contains 5% by mass or more of thermoplastic fibers having a single yarn fineness of 1.0 dtex or less with respect to the entire nonwoven fabric B, the sound absorbing performance can be further improved.
  • the nonwoven fabric B contains 40% by mass or less of thermoplastic fibers having a single yarn fineness of 1.0 dtex or less with respect to the entire nonwoven fabric B, the ratio of the thermoplastic fibers having a fineness of fineness can be kept low. The passability in the card process when producing B is further improved, and the productivity is improved.
  • the non-woven fabric B more preferably contains 10% by mass or more of thermoplastic fibers having a single yarn fineness of 1.0 dtex or less with respect to the entire non-woven fabric B, and the non-woven fabric B contains thermoplastic fibers having a single yarn fineness of 1.0 dtex or less in the entire non-woven fabric B. It is more preferable to contain 30% by mass or less.
  • the nonwoven fabric B preferably contains 5-30% by mass of a thermoplastic fiber having a hollow structure with respect to the entire nonwoven fabric B.
  • the nonwoven fabric B contains the thermoplastic fiber having a hollow structure in an amount of 5% by mass or more based on the entire nonwoven fabric B, the air retention performance of the nonwoven fabric B is further improved, and the sound absorption performance of the laminated nonwoven fabric is further improved.
  • the nonwoven fabric B contains 30% by mass or less of the thermoplastic fiber having a hollow structure with respect to the entire nonwoven fabric B, the ratio of the hollow fibers can be kept low, so that the excellent heat insulation performance of the laminated nonwoven fabric is maintained. Moreover, it can suppress becoming bulky.
  • the nonwoven fabric B more preferably contains 10% by mass or more, more preferably 25% by mass or less, of thermoplastic fibers having a hollow structure with respect to the entire nonwoven fabric B.
  • thermoplastic binder fiber that can be included in the nonwoven fabric B
  • a core-sheath structure comprising a polyethylene terephthalate in the core and a binder component in the sheath is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing thermal shrinkage of the nonwoven fabric.
  • the binder component is not particularly limited, but is a copolymer comprising terephthalic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof, isophthalic acid or an ester-forming derivative thereof, a lower alkylene glycol, and a polyalkylene glycol and / or a monoether thereof. It is preferable to use polyester.
  • thermoplastic binder fiber is preferably contained in an amount of 5 to 30% by mass with respect to the entire nonwoven fabric B.
  • thermoplastic fibers can fully be adhere
  • the binder fiber content is set to 30% by mass or less, the nonwoven fabric B is prevented from becoming hard due to excessive adhesion between thermoplastic fibers, and a laminated nonwoven fabric having more excellent flexibility is obtained. Obtainable.
  • the thermoplastic fiber contained in the nonwoven fabric B has crimps.
  • the nonwoven fabric B becomes bulky, and a laminated nonwoven fabric excellent in sound absorption performance and form retention can be obtained.
  • it can be firmly caught by the needle in the carding method, and can be uniformly dispersed and intertwined with other fibers, so that the nonwoven fabric B can be obtained in a high yield.
  • the number average fiber length of the thermoplastic fibers used for the nonwoven fabric B is preferably 10 to 90 mm.
  • the nonwoven fabric B has a higher bending resistance, and a nonwoven fabric B having better shape retention can be obtained.
  • the thermoplastic fiber and the binder fiber are uniform in the production process of the nonwoven fabric B having the thermoplastic fiber and the binder fiber, that is, the fiber dispersion process such as the carding method or the airlaid method. It is possible to obtain a laminated nonwoven fabric excellent in sound absorption performance by being finely entangled with each other and having fine voids.
  • Examples of the method for producing the nonwoven fabric B include the following methods.
  • a thermoplastic fiber or, if necessary, a thermoplastic binder fiber mixed with the thermoplastic fiber is opened. Thereafter, a web is obtained by a carding method or an airlaid method. It is obtained by laminating a plurality of obtained webs and performing heat treatment. If a carding method or an airlaid method is used, a web in which thermoplastic fibers and binder fibers are not unevenly distributed can be obtained.
  • the heat treatment can be performed at a temperature higher than the temperature at which the binder component (low melting point component) in the binder fiber is softened or melted and at which components other than the binder component are melted.
  • thermoplastic fibers can be firmly tied together, resulting in a laminated nonwoven fabric excellent in long-term shape retention.
  • a heat treatment method a hot air dryer, a hot air circulation heat treatment machine, an infrared heater, a hot roll, or the like is used.
  • the method of adjusting the basis weight and thickness of the non-woven fabric B can be determined by the feeding speed in the above-described web lamination step.
  • a desired basis weight and thickness can be obtained by adjusting the thickness of the nonwoven fabric B with a roll before the heat treatment step.
  • a resin having a melting point lower than that of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric A and the nonwoven fabric B for example, polyolefin such as polypropylene
  • a heating roller for example, the method of spraying a powder-form adhesive agent on a base material layer, and also putting a skin layer and joining with a heating roller.
  • the laminated nonwoven fabric preferably has excellent flexibility, and the bending resistance, which is a value indicating flexibility, is preferably 300 mm or less. If the flexibility of the laminated nonwoven fabric is low, gaps and wrinkles are generated between the curved portion and the laminated nonwoven fabric, and the sound absorbing performance tends to decrease. From the above viewpoint, the bending resistance is more preferably 150 mm or more, and preferably 250 mm or less.
  • the base layer when it is necessary to eliminate the difference between the front and the back, it is possible to make the base layer as an intermediate layer, and in order, the structure of skin layer / intermediate layer / skin layer.
  • the sound absorption characteristics of the laminated nonwoven fabric it is particularly preferable that high sound absorption performance is obtained in the low frequency range of 800 to 1250 Hz, and the average sound absorption rate of 800 to 1250 Hz is 50% or more. If the average sound absorption coefficient at 800 to 1250 Hz is 50% or more, it is suitable for use as a road noise absorbing material for automobiles and the like.
  • the sound absorption coefficient in the high frequency range of 2000 to 5000 Hz is preferably 70% or more.
  • the laminated nonwoven fabric of the present invention is suitable for use as a sound absorbing material for applications such as automobiles, electrical equipment, and houses.
  • Thickness (mm) of nonwoven fabric A Measured based on JIS L 1096 8.5.1. A thickness measuring instrument manufactured by Teclock Co., Ltd. was used.
  • Non-woven fabric B thickness (mm) The length of the side surface in the vertical direction was measured with a mold ruler to obtain a thickness (mm).
  • Fineness Measured based on JIS L 1015 (1999) 8.5.1 A method. A gold was passed through the sample and the fibers were aligned in parallel. This was placed on Rasha paper placed on a cutting table, and a gauge plate was crimped while being straightened with an appropriate force, and cut to a length of 30 mm with a blade such as a safety razor. A set of 300 fibers was counted, and the mass was measured to determine the apparent fineness. From the apparent fineness and the equilibrium moisture content measured separately, the positive fineness (dtex) was calculated by the following formula, and the average value of 5 times was obtained.
  • F0 D ′ ⁇ ⁇ (100 + R0) / (100 + Re) ⁇
  • D ' Apparent fineness (dtex)
  • R0 Official moisture content (0.4)
  • Re equilibrium moisture content.
  • Fiber length Measured based on JIS L 1015 (1999) 8.4.1 A method. Samples were aligned in parallel with a hammer. A staple diagram was prepared in a width of about 25 cm with a pair-type sorter. At the time of production, in order to arrange all the fibers on the velvet plate, the number of times the nonwoven fabric was grasped and pulled out was about 70 times. A scaled celluloid plate was placed on top of this and plotted on graph paper. The staple diagram illustrated in this way is equally divided into 50 fiber length groups, the boundaries of each segment and the fiber lengths at both ends are measured, 49 boundary fiber lengths are added to the average of the fiber lengths at both ends, and the result is divided by 50. The average fiber length (mm) was calculated.
  • the sample was attached to a grip of a tensile tester, a piece of paper was cut near the top grip, pulled at a grip interval of 20 mm, and a tensile speed of 20 mm / min, and the load (N) and elongation (mm) were measured.
  • Tensile strength (cN / dtex) and elongation (%) were calculated by the following formula.
  • Air permeability Measured according to JIS L 1096-1999 8.27.1 A method (fragile type method). Test pieces of about 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm were collected from five different locations of the samples, and the test pieces were attached to one end (intake side) of the cylinder using a Frazier type tester. When attaching the test piece, the test piece was placed on the cylinder, and a load of about 98 N (10 kgf) was applied evenly from above the test piece so as not to block the intake portion, thereby preventing air leakage at the test piece attachment portion.
  • the suction fan was adjusted so that the inclination type barometer showed a pressure of 125 Pa by an adjusting resistor, and from the pressure indicated by the vertical type barometer and the type of air hole used, The air flow rate (cm 3 / cm 2 / s) passing through the test piece was obtained from the table attached to the test machine, and the average value for the five test pieces was calculated.
  • Pore diameter distribution frequency Measured by the method defined in ASTM F316-86. “Palm Porometer” manufactured by Porous Materials, Inc. (USA) is used as the measuring device, “Galvic” manufactured by PMI is used as the measuring reagent, the cylinder pressure is 100 kPa, and the measurement mode is WET UP-DRY UP. The measurement was performed under the following conditions.
  • the pore size distribution is a distribution diagram in which the y-axis is the pore size distribution and the x-axis is the pore size.
  • the range of the x-axis is 0 to 100 nm, and the total frequency of every 10 nm increment is 100%. .
  • test pieces having a diameter of 90 mm were collected from the sample.
  • an automatic normal incidence sound absorption measuring device (model 10041A) manufactured by Denki Sokki Co., Ltd. was used.
  • the test piece was placed at one end of the impedance tube so that there was no air layer between it and the metal reflector. Then, a sound wave in a frequency range of 100 to 5000 Hz is incident on the test piece in a stepwise manner, and the ratio of the acoustic power that enters the test object with respect to the incident acoustic power (that is, does not return) with respect to the plane acoustic wave of that frequency.
  • the sound absorption coefficient was measured.
  • the sound absorption coefficient at three points at 800, 1000, and 1250 Hz was measured, and the average value of the obtained values was defined as the average sound absorption coefficient.
  • Example 1 (Sea-island structure fiber) Melt viscosity 212 Pa ⁇ s (262 ° C., shear rate 121.6 sec ⁇ 1 ), melting point 220 ° C. polyamide 6 (N6) (40 parts by mass), weight average molecular weight 120,000, melt viscosity 30 Pa ⁇ s (240 ° C., shear Poly L-lactic acid (60 parts by mass) having a speed of 2432 sec-1) and a melting point of 170 ° C. and an optical purity of 99.5% or higher is separately weighed and separately supplied to a twin-screw extrusion kneader under the following conditions at 220 ° C. The polymer alloy chip was obtained by kneading.
  • the obtained polymer alloy chip is supplied to a uniaxial extrusion-type melting apparatus for a staple spinning machine, and melt spinning is performed at a melting temperature of 235 ° C., a spinning temperature of 235 ° C. (a base surface temperature of 220 ° C.), and a spinning speed of 1200 m / min.
  • a fiber made of polymer alloy was obtained. After the yarn was combined, steam drawing was performed to obtain a tow having a single yarn fineness of 3.6 dtex.
  • the non-woven fabric is treated with a 1% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 95 ° C. and a bath ratio of 1:40 to remove the polylactic acid, so that the single fiber diameter is 100 to 250 nm and the average fiber diameter is A nonwoven fabric 1 having a basis weight of 74 g / m 2 and a thickness of 0.4 mm obtained from 150 nm N6 nanofibers and polyethylene terephthalate yarn was obtained.
  • Nonwoven fabric A had a thickness of 1.2 mm, a density of 185 kg / m 3 , and an air permeability of 21 cm 3 / cm 2 / s.
  • the nanofiber ratio in the skin layer was 29% by mass. This nonwoven fabric A was used as the skin layer.
  • Base material layer 15 parts by mass of a polyethylene terephthalate short fiber (Toray Co., Ltd. “Tetron” (registered trademark)) having an average fiber length of 35 mm and a single yarn degree of 0.8 dtex as a thermoplastic fiber, an average fiber length of 51 mm, and a single yarn fineness of 6.6 15 parts by mass of decitex hollow polyethylene terephthalate short fibers (Toray Corp. “Tetron” (registered trademark)), average fiber length 51 mm, single yarn fineness 2.2 decitex polyethylene terephthalate short fibers (Toray Corp.
  • Tetron (Registered trademark) 55 parts by mass, and a core-sheath composite fiber of a polyethylene terephthalate short fiber having an average fiber length of 51 mm as a binder fiber and a single yarn fineness of 2.2 dtex (sheath component: low melting point polyethylene terephthalate (melting point: 110 ° C.) , Core component: Homo polyethylene terephthalate (melting point 255 ° C), sheath ratio 50 quality %, Was mixed fiber Toray Co., Ltd. "Safumetto" (TM) T9611) at a ratio of 15 parts by weight.
  • TM Tinumetto
  • the fibers were mixed and opened to form a uniform web.
  • the webs are laminated so as to have a predetermined thickness, and the fibers are heat-sealed in a heat treatment furnace at 215 ° C. having an upper and lower net conveyor while pressing the web thickness to 20 mm with a press roll.
  • a nonwoven fabric B was obtained. This nonwoven fabric B was used as a base material layer.
  • a laminated nonwoven fabric in which the skin layer and the base material layer were joined was obtained.
  • the resulting laminated nonwoven fabric had very good sound absorption and flexibility with a bending resistance of 220 mm and an average sound absorption coefficient of 71%.
  • Example 2 (Skin layer) A skin layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 4 sheets of the nonwoven fabric 1 of Example 1 were bonded together to obtain a nonwoven fabric A.
  • the thickness of the nonwoven fabric A was 1.6 mm, the density was 185 kg / m 3 , and the air permeability was 16 cm 3 / cm 2 / s. This nonwoven fabric A was used as the skin layer.
  • Base material layer The same nonwoven fabric B as in Example 1 was used. This nonwoven fabric B was used as a base material layer.
  • laminated nonwoven fabric A laminated nonwoven fabric was obtained by the same joining method as in Example 1.
  • the obtained laminated nonwoven fabric had a very soft sound absorbency and flexibility of 210 mm and an average sound absorption coefficient of 77%.
  • Example 3 (Skin layer) After the split fiber composite type short fiber (single yarn fineness 3.3 decitex, length 51 mm) is lined with a card, the region of polyamide 6 and the region of polyethylene terephthalate are continuously arranged in the length direction. The web was made with a lap weber. This web was processed with a water jet punch machine, having a thickness of 0.5 mm, a density of 260 kg / m 3 , an air permeability of 10 cm 3 / cm 2 / s, a single fiber diameter of 1800 to 2300 nm, and an average fiber diameter of 2000 nm. Nonwoven fabric A was obtained. This nonwoven fabric A was used as the skin layer.
  • Base material layer The same nonwoven fabric B as in Example 1 was used. This nonwoven fabric B was used as a base material layer.
  • laminated nonwoven fabric A laminated nonwoven fabric was obtained by the same joining method as in Example 1.
  • the obtained laminated nonwoven fabric had a bending resistance of 250 mm and an average sound absorption coefficient of 78%, but was a sound absorption property with a slightly inferior high-frequency sound absorption coefficient.
  • Example 4 (Skin layer) A non-woven fabric A obtained by placing 5 g / m 2 of a low melting point powder on the non-woven fabric A used in Example 3 and superimposing the two sheets together with a heating roll at 130 ° C. was obtained.
  • the nonwoven fabric A had a thickness of 1.0 mm, a density of 260 kg / m 3 , and an air permeability of 5 cm 3 / cm 2 / s. This nonwoven fabric A was used as the skin layer.
  • Base material layer The same nonwoven fabric B as in Example 1 was used. This nonwoven fabric B was used as a base material layer.
  • laminated nonwoven fabric A laminated nonwoven fabric was obtained by the same joining method as in Example 1.
  • the obtained laminated nonwoven fabric had a bending resistance of 290 mm and an average sound absorption coefficient of 91%, but had a sound absorption property with a slightly inferior high-frequency sound absorption coefficient.
  • Example 5 (Skin layer) The same nonwoven fabric A as in Example 1 was used. This nonwoven fabric A was used as the skin layer.
  • Base material layer 15 parts by mass of a polyethylene terephthalate short fiber (Toray Co., Ltd. “Tetron” (registered trademark)) having an average fiber length of 35 mm and a single yarn degree of 0.8 dtex as a thermoplastic fiber, an average fiber length of 51 mm, and a single yarn fineness of 6.6 15 parts by mass of decitex hollow polyethylene terephthalate short fibers (Toray Corp. “Tetron” (registered trademark)), average fiber length 51 mm, single yarn fineness 2.2 decitex polyethylene terephthalate short fibers (Toray Corp.
  • Tetron (Registered trademark) 55 parts by mass, and a core-sheath composite fiber of a polyethylene terephthalate short fiber having an average fiber length of 51 mm as a binder fiber and a single yarn fineness of 2.2 dtex (sheath component: low melting point polyethylene terephthalate (melting point: 110 ° C.) , Core component: Homopolyethylene terephthalate (melting point 255 ° C), sheath ratio 30 quality %, And combined filament at a ratio of 35 parts by Toray Industries Co., Ltd. "Safumetto" (TM) T9611).
  • TM Tinumetto
  • the fibers were mixed and opened to form a uniform web.
  • the web was laminated so as to have a predetermined thickness. While pressing the laminated web with a press roll so that the thickness of the web becomes 20 mm, the fibers are heat-sealed in a heat treatment furnace at 215 ° C. having an upper and lower net conveyor, and the basis weight is 400 g / m 2 and the thickness is 20 mm.
  • the nonwoven fabric B was obtained. This nonwoven fabric B was used as a base material layer.
  • the surface of the non-woven fabric that came out of the heating furnace was set so that the surface of the skin layer (non-woven fabric A) that had been prepared earlier was placed on the non-woven fabric surface, and the low-melting powder was melted while being suppressed with a 130 ° C heating roller.
  • a laminated nonwoven fabric obtained by joining the layer and the base material layer was obtained.
  • the resulting laminated nonwoven fabric had a bending resistance of 350 mm and an average sound absorption coefficient of 68%. Although the sound absorption coefficient at low frequency and high frequency was excellent, the sound absorption was good although the softness was slightly inferior because of its high bending resistance compared to the laminated nonwoven fabric of Example 1.
  • Example 6 (Skin layer) Then a 180 g / m 2 of sea-island structure fiber, the average fiber length of 51 mm, single fiber fineness 2.2 polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers of dtex (Toray "Tetron” (TM)) two layers of 180 g / m 2 After opening with a card so as to have a structure, it was made into a web with a cross-wrap weber. This web was processed with a needle punch machine to obtain a nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 360 g / m 2 and a thickness of 0.8 mm.
  • TM Polyethylene terephthalate staple fibers of dtex
  • the non-woven fabric is treated with a 1% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of 95 ° C. and a bath ratio of 1:40 (mass ratio) to remove the polylactic acid, and the single fiber diameter is 100 to 250 nm.
  • the nonwoven fabric 1 which consists of N6 nanofiber with an average fiber diameter of 150 nm and a polyethylene terephthalate thread
  • laminated nonwoven fabric A laminated nonwoven fabric was obtained by the same joining method as in Example 1.
  • the obtained laminated nonwoven fabric had a bending resistance of 200 mm and an average sound absorption coefficient of 71%, which were very good sound absorption and flexibility.
  • Example 7 A commercially available spunbond nonwoven fabric having a single yarn fineness of 2.2 dtex (product number G2260-1S manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) was used. (Laminated nonwoven fabric) A laminated nonwoven fabric was obtained by the same joining method as in Example 1.
  • the bending softness of the obtained laminated nonwoven fabric was so hard that it could not be measured.
  • the average sound absorption coefficient was 71%, but the high frequency sound absorption coefficient was slightly inferior.
  • Example 1 (Skin layer) The nonwoven fabric 1 of Example 1 was used.
  • the nonwoven fabric 1 had a thickness of 0.4 mm, a density of 185 kg / m 3 , and an air permeability of 64 cm 3 / cm 2 / s. While this nonwoven fabric 1 was made into the nonwoven fabric A, it was set as the skin layer.
  • Base material layer The same nonwoven fabric B as in Example 1 was used. This nonwoven fabric B was used as a base material layer.
  • laminated nonwoven fabric A laminated nonwoven fabric was obtained by the same joining method as in Example 1.
  • the obtained non-woven fabric had a bending resistance of 230 mm, an average sound absorption coefficient of 41%, and a low sound absorption coefficient at a low frequency.
  • Base material layer The same nonwoven fabric B as in Example 1 was used. This nonwoven fabric B was used as a base material layer.
  • laminated nonwoven fabric A laminated nonwoven fabric was obtained by the same joining method as in Example 1.
  • the obtained non-woven fabric had a bending resistance of 170 mm, an average sound absorption rate of 38%, and a low frequency sound absorption rate.
  • Base material layer The same nonwoven fabric B as in Example 1 was used. This nonwoven fabric B was used as a base material layer.
  • laminated nonwoven fabric A laminated nonwoven fabric was obtained by the same joining method as in Example 1.
  • the obtained non-woven fabric had a bending resistance of 150 mm and an average sound absorption rate of 21%, which was a sound absorption property with a poor sound absorption rate at low frequencies.

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Abstract

 本発明は、低周波領域にて優れた吸音性能を持つ積層不織布を提供することにある。そして本発明は、 表皮層及び基材層からなる積層不織布であって、前記表皮層が不織布Aを有し、前記不織布Aの密度が100~500kg/mであり、厚みが0.5~2.5mm、通気度が4~40cm/cm/sの不織布からなり、前記基材層が不織布Bを有し、前記不織布Bが目付け200~500g/m、厚みが5~40mmの不織布からなる積層不織布である。

Description

積層不織布
本発明は、積層された不織布、特に吸音性に優れた不織布に関する。
 自動車や電気製品などで吸音性や断熱性を目的に不織布が用いられている。特に自動車用に関しては燃費向上のために軽くて薄い不織布が要求されている。
 特許文献1には、表層部にナノファイバーにより構成された不織布層と、ナノファイバーよりも単繊維直径が大きい繊維により構成される基盤部とからなる積層不織布からなる吸音材が開示されている。
 特許文献2には、ポリエステル系繊維の積層不織布かならなる面材と、主として反毛フェルトからなる吸音材が開示されている。
特開2015-30218公報 特開2013-163869公報
 特許文献1に記載の吸音材は、2000Hzと高周波領域での吸音率は85%以上と記載されている。また、特許文献2に記載の吸音材も、周波数2000~5000Hzの吸音率は40%以上と記載されている。しかしながら低周波領域(800~1250Hz)での吸音性が要望されていた。 そこで、本発明では、低周波領域にて優れた吸音性能を持つ積層不織布を提供することを課題とする。
 発明者らは前記課題を解決するために鋭意検討をおこなった結果、次のような発明を構築した。
(1)表皮層及び基材層を有する積層不織布であり、
前記表皮層が不織布Aを有し、この不織布Aの密度が100~500kg/m、厚みが0.5~2.5mm、及び、通気度が4~40cm/cm/sであり、
前記基材層が不織布Bを有し、この不織布Bの目付けが200~500g/m、及び、厚みが5~40mmである、積層不織布。
 さらに以下の好ましい態様がある。
(2)前記不織布Bの厚みが10~40mmである(1)の積層不織布。
(3)不織布Aには単繊維直径が1~5000nmの熱可塑性繊維が、不織布A全体に対して20~40質量%含まれている(1)又は(2)の積層不織布。
(4)剛軟度が300mm以下である(1)~(3)のいずれかの積層不織布。
(5)前記不織布Aがポリアミドからなる繊維及び/又はポリエチレンテレフタレートからなる繊維を有する(1)~(4)のいずれかの積層不織布。
(6)前記不織布Bがバインダー繊維を有し、このバインダー繊維の含有量が、前記不織布B全体に対し、10~30質量%である(1)~(5)のいずれかの積層不織布。
(7)(1)~(6)のいずれかの積層不織布を有する吸音材。
 本発明によれば、低周波領域の優れた吸音性を有する積層不織布が得られる。さらに本発明の好ましい態様によれば柔軟性の高い積層不織布が得られる。
 以下、本発明の実態の形態について詳細に説明する。
 本発明の積層不織布は、表皮層及び基材層を有し、前記表皮層が不織布Aを有し、前記不織布Aの密度が100~500kg/mであり、前記不織布Aの厚みが0.5~2.5mmであり、前記不織布Aの通気度が4~40cm/cm/sであり、前記基材層が不織布Bを有し、前記不織布Bの目付け200~500g/mであり、前記不織布Bの厚みが5~40mmである。
 すなわち、本発明の積層不織布は、少なくとも前記表皮層が有する不織布Aと前記基材層が有する不織布Bが積層されてなることで、800~1250Hzにおける優れた吸音性を与える。
 ここで、不織布Aは密度が100~500kg/mであることが必要である。100kg/m以上とすることで、音によって表皮層が共振し、それでいわゆる板振動が起き、低周波領域の吸音率を上がる。また、500kg/m以下とすることで一定の柔軟性をもった表皮層となる。上記の観点から、その150kg/m以上が好ましく、300Kg/m以下が好ましい。
 また、不織布Aの厚みは0.5~2.5mmであることが好ましい。上記範囲内であれば柔軟性に優れた表皮層となる。上記の観点から、その下限は0.6mmが好ましく、その上限は1.6mm以下が好ましい。
 さらに、不織布Aの通気度は4~40cm/cm/sであることが必要である。ここで、通気度とは、実施例の項で述べるようにJIS L 1096-1999 8.27.1 A法(フラジール形法)に準じて測定したものをいう。4cm/cm/s以上とすることで、音が一定の流速で繊維と繊維の空隙を通過するときに。空隙の周辺の繊維材料との空気摩擦によって音を熱に効率よく変換することができる。また高周波領域の音を反射させることなく積層不織布内部に音を通すことができる。一方40cm/cm/s以下とすることで低周波領域の吸音率を上げることができる。上記の観点から、さらに10cm/cm/s以上であることが好ましく、30cm/cm/s以下であることが好ましい。
 また、不織布Aは孔の分布についても空気摩擦によるエネルギー損失を増加させるために一定の範囲とすることが好ましく、細孔径分布度数で0を超え10μm以下の孔径分散度が1~20、10~20μmの孔径分散度が15~60とすることが好ましい。
 また、不織布Aの目付は、100~400g/mが好ましく、130g/m以上であることが好ましい。さらに好ましいのは150g/m以上である。
 不織布Aを構成する素材としては、耐熱性に優れた熱可塑性樹脂であることが好ましく、入手の容易性や生産性を考慮すると、ポリアミドからなる繊維及び/又はポリエチレンテレフタレートからなる繊維を含むのが好ましい。ここで、ポリアミドからなる繊維は、ポリアミドのみからなる繊維であってもよいし、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲において、添加剤などとしてポリアミド以外の成分を含んでいてもよい。また、ポリエチレンテレフタレートからなる繊維も、ポリエチレンテレフタレートのみからなる繊維であってもよいし、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲において、ポリエチレンテレフタレート以外の成分を含んでいてもよい。
 不織布Aは、ニードルパンチ法やスパンレース法により得られる短繊維不織布が、密度や厚み、通気度をコントロールしやすいので好ましい。
 不織布Aには、単繊維直径が1~5000nmの熱可塑性樹脂からなる熱可塑性繊維(以下、この繊維をナノファイバーと称することがある。)が、不織布A全体に対して20~40質量%含むことが好ましい。20質量%以上とすることで不織布A中の繊維構成本数を増やすことができ、その結果不織布Aの密度や通気度をコントロールすることが容易となる。数平均での単繊維直径の150nm以上であることが好ましく、一方、2000nm以下であることがより好ましく、700nm以下であることがさらに好ましい。
 不織布Aの構成としては、ナノファイバー100%からなるもの、ナノファイバーとナノファイバーよりも太い繊維(すなわち、単繊維直径が5000nmを超える繊維)を混繊した構成や、ナノファイバー層とナノファイバーよりも太い繊維の層とを積層したものでもよい。より好ましくはナノファイバー層とナノファイバーよりも太い繊維の層を積層したものである。
 また、ナノファイバー層とナノファイバーよりも太い繊維の層とを積層した不織布を複数枚用意し、それらを低融点パウダーなどで用いて貼り合わせたものでもよい。
 また、本発明におけるナノファイバーは、単繊維がバラバラに分散したもの、単繊維が部分的に結合しているもの、複数の単繊維が凝集した集合体(例えば、束状のもの)など、各種形態をもつものであればよい。すなわち、いわゆる繊維状の形態であればよく、繊維の長短や断面形状などにこだわらないものである。
 ナノファイバーを得るためには、溶剤に対する溶解性の異なる2種以上のポリマーから、易溶性ポリマーを海(マトリックス)、難溶解性ポリマーを島(ドメイン)とするポリマーアロイ溶融体となし、これを紡糸した後、冷却固化して繊維化する方法が例示される。そして必要に応じて延伸、及び/又は熱処理を施しポリマーアロイ繊維を得た後、その繊維から不織布とする。そして、易溶解性ポリマーを溶剤で除去することによりナノファイバーを得ることができる。
 また、相溶性の悪いポリアミドとポリエチレンテレフタレートとを内部に含む繊維を不織布にして、ニードルパンチやウォータジェットパンチを行って、ポリアミドとポリエチレンテレフタレートとに割ってナノファイバー化してもよい。
 また、表皮層は不織布A以外に、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲において、他のシート状物を有していてもよい。
 次に、不織布Bについて説明する。不織布Bの目付は200~500g/mである。目付を200g/m以上とすることで、連続した孔を有する多孔質の積層不織布が得られる。また、目付を500g/m以下とすることで、軽量で柔軟性を持った不織布が得られる。その結果、積層不織布を凹凸部に貼り付ける時などに追従性がよく、施工性に優れたものとなる。
 また、不織布Bの厚みは5~40mmである。厚みを5mm以上とすることで、表皮層の下に一定の厚みがあり空気を含んだ層ができ、表皮層と空気を含む層とでヘルムホルツ共鳴が起こることで低周波領域を吸音できる。かつ、連続孔を有する多孔質であるから高周波領域の吸音性がよくなる。上記のメカニズムにより、低周波領域に加え高周波領域の吸音性が更に向上するとの観点から、不織布Bの厚みは10mm以上であることが好ましく、12mm以上であることがより好ましい。また、40mm以下にすることで、自動車などで空隙に取り付ける時などに作業性が良くなる。不織布Bの厚みの上限は30mm以下であることがより好ましい。
 不織布Bは、生産性や断熱性能の均一性の観点から熱可塑性繊維を含むことが好ましい。また、上記の不織布Bは、さらに熱可塑性バインダー繊維を含有することが好ましい。
 上記の不織布Bに含まれる熱可塑性繊維としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維やポリアミド6繊維やポリプロピレン繊維が挙げられるが、なかでも疎水性や耐熱性に優れ、耐久性や難燃性の向上に寄与する観点からポリエチレンテレフタレート繊維が好ましい。
 また、積層不織布の難燃性を高めるために、不織布Bに含まれる繊維に難燃素材である難燃ポリエステル繊維を用いても良い。
 不織布Bは、単糸繊度が1.0dtex以下の熱可塑性繊維を不織布B全体に対し5~40質量%含有することが好ましい。不織布Bが、単糸繊度が1.0dtex以下の熱可塑性繊維を不織布B全体に対し5質量%以上含有することで、吸音性能をより上げることができる。一方で、不織布Bが、単糸繊度が1.0dtex以下の熱可塑性繊維を不織布B全体に対し40質量%以下含有することで、細繊度の熱可塑性繊維の比率が低く抑えられるために、不織布Bを作製する時のカード工程での通過性がより向上し、生産性により優れたものとなる。不織布Bは、単糸繊度が1.0dtex以下の熱可塑性繊維を不織布B全体に対し10質量%以上含有することがより好ましく、単糸繊度が1.0dtex以下の熱可塑性繊維を不織布B全体に対し30質量%以下含有することがより好ましい。
 また、不織布Bの空気保持性能を向上させて、積層不織布の吸音性能を上げるため、不織布Bは、中空構造を持つ熱可塑性繊維を不織布B全体に対して5~30質量%含有することが好ましい。不織布Bが、中空構造を持つ熱可塑性繊維を不織布B全体に対して5質量%以上含有することで、不織布Bの空気保持性能がより向上し、積層不織布の吸音性能がより一層向上する。不織布Bが、中空構造を持つ熱可塑性繊維を不織布B全体に対して30質量%以下含有することで、中空繊維の比率を低く抑えることができるため、積層不織布の優れた断熱性能を維持する。また嵩高くなることを抑制することができる。不織布Bは、中空構造を持つ熱可塑性繊維を不織布B全体に対して10質量%以上含有することがより好ましく、25質量%以下含有することがより好ましい。
 不織布Bに含むことができる熱可塑性バインダー繊維の構造としては、芯部にポリエチレンテレフタレート、鞘部にバインダー成分からなる芯鞘構造とすることが、不織布の熱収縮を抑制することができる観点から好ましい。
 バインダー成分としては、特に限定されるものではないが、テレフタル酸又はそのエステル形成性誘導体、イソフタル酸又はそのエステル形成性誘導体、低級アルキレングリコール、並びにポリアルキレングリコール及び/又はそのモノエーテルからなる共重合ポリエステルを使用することが好ましい。
 熱可塑性バインダー繊維は、不織布B全体に対し5~30質量%含有することが好ましい。バインダー繊維の含有率を5質量%以上とすることで、熱可塑性繊維同士を十分に接着することができ、不織布Bの剛軟度を一定以上とすることができる。一方で、バインダー繊維の含有率を30質量%以下とすることで、熱可塑性繊維間の接着が強すぎることにより不織布Bが固くなることを抑制し、より優れた柔軟性をもった積層不織布を得ることができる。
 また、不織布Bに含まれる熱可塑性繊維は捲縮を有することが好ましい。そうすることで、不織布Bが嵩高になり、吸音性能や形態保持性に優れた積層不織布を得ることができる。また、カーディング法において針にしっかり引っかかり、他の繊維と均一に分散し緻密に絡み合うことができ、高収率に不織布Bを得ることができる。
 不織布Bに用いる熱可塑性繊維の数平均の繊維長は、10~90mmであることが好ましい。平均繊維長が10mm以上の熱可塑性繊維をバインダー繊維で結合することにより、不織布Bの剛軟度がより優れたものとなり、形態保持性により優れる不織布Bが得られる。一方、平均繊維長を90mm以下とすることで、熱可塑性繊維とバインダー繊維とを有する不織布Bの製造工程、すなわちカーディング法又はエアレイド法等の繊維分散工程において、熱可塑性繊維とバインダー繊維が均一に分散して緻密に絡み合い、微細な空隙を持つことができ、吸音性能に優れた積層不織布が得られる。
 不織布Bの製造方法としては以下の方法が例示される。熱可塑性繊維を、又は必要に応じて熱可塑性バインダー繊維を熱可塑性繊維に混ぜ合わせたものを、開繊する。その後カーディング法又はエアレイド法にてウエブを得る。得られたウエブを複数枚積層し、熱処理を行うことで得る。カーディング法又はエアレイド法を用いれば、熱可塑性繊維とバインダー繊維が偏在していないウエブが得られる。熱処理は、バインダー繊維中のバインダー成分(低融点成分)が軟化又は溶融する温度より高く、バインダー成分以外の成分が溶融する温度で行うことができる。これにより、低融点成分が軟化又は溶融し、熱可塑性繊維を強固に繋ぎ止めることができ、長期形態保持性に優れる積層不織布となる。熱処理の手法は熱風乾燥機、熱風循環式熱処理機、赤外線ヒーター、熱ロールなどが用いられる。
 不織布Bの目付と厚さの調整方法は、上記のウエブの積層工程における送り速度により、決定することができる。熱処理工程の前にロールにて不織布Bの厚さを調整することで、所望の目付と厚さを得ることができる。
 表皮層と基材層を接合する方法としては、不織布A及び不織布Bを構成する繊維の成分よりも融点の低い樹脂(例えば、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン)をパウダーとして表皮層と基材層の間に挟んで、これらを加熱ローラーで抑えながら接合する方法があげられる。また基材層にパウダー状の接着剤を噴霧して、さらに表皮層をのせて加熱ローラーで接合する方法が挙げられる。
 次に、表皮層と基材層とを合せた積層不織布について述べる。
 積層不織布は優れた柔軟性を持つことが好ましく、柔軟性を示す値である剛軟度が300mm以下であることが好ましい。積層不織布の柔軟性が低いと、湾曲部と積層不織布との間に隙間やシワが発生して吸音性能が低下する傾向がある。上記の観点から、剛軟度は150mm以上がより好ましく、また250mm以下であることが好ましい。
 又、表裏の差をなくす必要がある場合には、基材層を中間層として、順に表皮層/中間層/表皮層の構造とすることも可能である。
 積層不織布の吸音特性については特に800~1250Hzの低い周波領域で高吸音性能が得られ、800~1250Hzの平均吸音率が50%以上であることが好ましい。800~1250Hzの平均吸音率が50%以上であれば、自動車などのロードノイズの吸音材として用いるのに好適である。
 また、2000~5000Hzの高周波領域での吸音率についても70%以上であることが好ましい。
 本発明の積層不織布は、自動車、電気機器、住宅などの用途への吸音材として用いるのに好適である。
 以下、実施例に基づいて、さらに詳しく本発明について説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
 (1)走査型電子顕微鏡による不織布表面観察
 表層部の不織布を倍率1200倍(日立製作所社製、走査型電子顕微鏡(以下「SEM」)S-3500NH-7100FA型)で不織布表面を観察した。
 (2)ナノファイバーの単繊維直径およびナノファイバーの数平均による単繊維直径
 上記のSEMによる不織布表面観察の際に、前記不織布表面の写真を撮影した。この写真からナノファイバー層の部分の画像を抽出した。画像処理ソフト(WinROOF)を用いて、倍率10倍で同一写真内のお互いに隣接する30本ずつのナノファイバーの群を無作為に10箇所抽出し、計300本の単繊維直径を測定した。また、その単純平均値を求め、ナノファイバーの数平均による単繊維直径とした。
 (3)目付
 JIS L 1913(1998)6.2に基づいて測定した。
試料から300mm×300mmの試験片を、鋼製定規とかみそり刃とを用いて3枚採取した。標準状態における試験片の質量を測定して、単位面積当たりの質量を次の式によって求め、平均値を算出した。
ms=m/S
ms:単位面積当たりの質量(g/m
m:試験片の平均質量(g)
S:試験片の面積(m)。
 (4)不織布Aの厚み(mm)
 JIS L 1096 8.5.1に基づいて測定した。厚み測定器は(株)テクロック製のものを使用した。
 (5)不織布Aの密度(kg/m
 目付/厚みの値を算出し、単位容積当たりの質量を求めた。
 (6)不織布Bの厚み(mm)
 側面の縦方向の長さを金型定規で測定し、厚さ(mm)とした。
 (7)繊度
 JIS L 1015(1999)8.5.1 A法に基づき測定した。試料に金ぐしを通し、繊維を平行に引きそろえた。これを切断台上においたラシャ紙の上に載せ、適度の力でまっすぐにはったままゲージ板を圧着し、安全かみそりなどの刃で30mmの長さに切断した。繊維を数えて300本を一組とし、その質量を量り、見掛の繊度を求めた。この見掛繊度と別に測定した平衡水分率とから、次の式によって正量繊度(dtex)を算出し、5回の平均値を求めた。
F0=D’×{(100+R0)/(100+Re)}
F0:正量繊度(dtex)
D’:見掛繊度(dtex)
R0:公定水分率(0.4)
Re:平衡水分率。
 (8)繊維長
 JIS L 1015(1999)8.4.1 A法に基づき測定した。試料を金ぐしで平行に引きそろえた。ペア形ソーターでステープルダイヤグラムを約25cm幅に作成した。作成の際、繊維を全部ビロード板上に配列するために、不織布をグリップでつかんで引き出す回数は、約70回とした。この上に目盛りを刻んだセルロイド板を置き、方眼紙上に図記した。この方法で図記したステープルダイヤグラムを50の繊維長群に等分し、各区分の境界及び両端の繊維長を測定し、両端繊維長の平均に49の境界繊維長を加えて50で除し、平均繊維長(mm)を算出した。
 (9)強度、伸度
 JIS L 1015(1999)8.7.1に基づき測定した。長さ30mmの紙を用意して、長さ方向の両端部から5mmのところにそれぞれ幅方向に区分線を引いた。また紙には幅方向に5mmの間隔で長さ方向に区分線を引いた。空間距離20mm、繊維を、一本ずつ長さ方向に、区分線に緩く張った状態で両端を接着剤で紙片にはり付けて固着し、区分ごとを1試料とした。試料を引張試験器のつかみに取り付け、上部つかみの近くで紙片を切断し、つかみ間隔20mm、引張速度20mm/分の速度で引っ張り、荷重(N)及び伸び(mm)を測定した。次の式により引張強さ(cN/dtex)及び伸び率(%)を算出した。
Tb=SD/F0
Tb:引張強さ(cN/dtex)
SD:破断時の荷重(cN)(ただし切断時の荷重が最大荷重より小さい場合は,最大荷重を採用する。)
F0:試料の正量繊度(dtex)
S={(E2-E1)/(L+E1)}×100
S:伸び率(%)
E1:緩み(mm)
E2:切断時の伸び(mm)(ただし切断時の荷重が最大荷重より小さい場合は,最大荷重のときの伸びを採用する。)
L:つかみ間隔(mm)。
 (10)通気度
 JIS L 1096-1999 8.27.1 A法(フラジール形法)に準じて測定した。試料の異なる5か所から約20cm×20cmの試験片を採取し、フラジール形試験機を用い、円筒の一端(吸気側)に試験片を取り付けた。試験片の取り付けに際し、円筒の上に試験片を置き、試験片上から吸気部分を塞がないように均等に約98N(10kgf)の荷重を加え試験片の取り付け部におけるエアーの漏れを防止した。試験片を取り付けた後、加減抵抗器によって傾斜形気圧計が125Paの圧力を示すように吸込みファンを調整し、そのときの垂直形気圧計の示す圧力と、使用した空気孔の種類とから、試験機に付属の表によって試験片を通過する通気量(cm/cm/s)を求め、5枚の試験片についての平均値を算出した。
 (11)細孔径分布度数
 ASTM  F316-86に規定される方法によって測定した。
測定装置としてはPorous Materials,Inc(米国)社製“パームポロメーター”を用い、測定試薬としてはPMI社製の“ガルヴィック”を用い、シリンダー圧力を100kPaとし、測定モードとしてはWET  UP-DRY  UPの条件にて測定した。
 得られた細孔径分布(ヒストグラム)から10nm刻み(階級)とする分布において、0~10、10~20の細孔径分布度数(%)の値を求めた。なお、細孔径分布はy軸を細孔径分布としx軸を細孔径とする分布図で、x軸の範囲は0~100nmとし、各10nmの刻みの度数を合計した全度数は100%となる。
 (12)平均吸音率
 JIS A 1405:1998に拠って垂直入射吸音率を測定した。
 試料から直径90mmの円形の試験片を3枚採取した。
試験装置としては、電子測器株式会社製の自動垂直入射吸音率測定器(型式10041A)を用いた。試験片を、インピーダンス管の一端に金属反射板との間に空気層がないように設置した。そして、100~5000Hzの周波数域の音波を段階的に試験片に垂直に入射させ、その周波数の平面波について入射音響パワーに対して試験体に入っていく(すなわち戻ってこない)音響パワーの比を測定し吸音率を測定した。800、1000、及び、1250Hzでの3点の吸音率を測定し、得られた値の平均値を平均吸音率とした。
 (13)剛軟度
 JIS L 1096(8.19.1)(2010)に規定されたA法(45°カンチレバー法)により、積層不織布の任意の方向及び上記の任意の方向に垂直な方向の剛軟度をそれぞれn=5で測定し、10個の平均値から剛軟度(mm)を求めた。 
 [実施例1]
 (海島構造繊維)
 溶融粘度212Pa・s(262℃、剪断速度121.6sec-1)、融点220℃のポリアミド6(N6)(40質量部)と、重量平均分子量12万、溶融粘度30Pa・s(240℃、剪断速度2432sec-1)、融点170℃で光学純度99.5%以上のポリL乳酸(60質量部)とを別々に計量し、別々に下記条件の2軸押し出し混練機に供給し、220℃で混練してポリマーアロイチップを得た。
スクリュー形状:同方向完全噛合型 2条ネジ
スクリュー :直径37mm、有効長さ1670mm、L/D=45.1
混練部長さはスクリュー有効さの28%
混練部はスクリュー有効長さの1/3より吐出側に配置
途中3箇所のバックフロー部有り
ベント :2箇所。
 得られたポリマーアロイチップを、ステープル用紡糸機の一軸押し出し型溶融装置に供給し、溶融温度235℃、紡糸温度235℃(口金面温度220℃)、紡糸速度1200m/minとして溶融紡糸を行い、ポリマーアロイからなる繊維を得た。これを合糸した後、スチーム延伸を行い単糸繊度3.6デシテックスのトウを得た。
 上記ポリマーアロイの繊維からなるトウに捲縮(12山/25mm)を施した後、51mmの短繊維にカットした。得られた強度は、3.0cN/dtex、伸度は40%であった。
 (表皮層)
 次に海島構造繊維を60g/mと、平均繊維長51mm、単糸繊度2.2デシテックスのポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維(東レ(株)“テトロン”(登録商標))を60g/mの2層構造となるようカードで開繊した後、クロスラップウエーバーでウエブとした。このウエッブに、ウォータジェットパンチ機で加工を実施し、目付が120g/m、厚みが0.8mmの不織布を得た。
 次に上記不織布に対して、1%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で温度95℃、浴比1:40にて処理することにより、ポリ乳酸を脱海し、単繊維直径が100~250nm、平均繊維径が150nmのN6ナノファイバーとポリエチレンテレフタレート糸とからなる目付が74g/m、厚み0.4mmの不織布1を得た。
 さらに不織布1の裏面に低融点パウダーを5g/m載せて、3枚を重ね合わせて130℃の加熱ロールで貼り合せて不織布Aを得た。不織布Aの厚みは1.2mm、密度185kg/m、通気度21cm/cm/sであった。また、表皮層中のナノファイバー比率は29質量%であった。この不織布Aを表皮層とした。
 (基材層)
 熱可塑性繊維として平均繊維長35mm、単糸維度0.8デシテックスのポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維(東レ(株)“テトロン”(登録商標))を15質量部、平均繊維長51mm、単糸繊度6.6デシテックスの中空ポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維(東レ(株)“テトロン”(登録商標))を15質量部、平均繊維長51mm、単糸繊度2.2デシテックスのポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維(東レ(株)“テトロン”(登録商標))を55質量部、また、バインダー繊維として平均繊維長51mm、単糸繊度2.2デシテックスのポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維の芯鞘複合繊維(鞘成分:低融点ポリエチレンテレフタレート(融点110℃)、芯成分:ホモポリエチレンテレフタレート(融点255℃)、鞘比率50質量%、東レ(株)“サフメット”(登録商標)T9611)を15質量部の比率で混繊した。
 カードマシンを用いて混繊、開繊し、均一なウエブを成形した。次にウエブを所定の厚みとなるように積層し、プレスロールでウエブの厚みを20mmとなるように押さえながら、上下ネットコンベヤーを有する215℃の熱処理炉にて繊維間を熱融着させ、目付が400g/m及び厚みが20mmとなるように調整し、不織布Bを得た。この不織布Bを基材層とした。
 (積層不織布)
 加熱炉から出てきた不織布Bに、先ほど作製した表皮層(不織布A)の低融点パウダーを載せた面が不織布側になるように積層し、130℃の加熱ローラーで抑えながら低融点パウダーを溶かして表皮層と基材層とが接合した積層不織布を得た。
 得られた積層不織布の剛軟度は220mm、平均吸音率は71%と非常に優れた吸音性と柔軟性あった。
 [実施例2]
 (表皮層)
 実施例1の不織布1を4枚貼り合せた以外は実施例1と同じ手法で表皮層を作製し、不織布Aを得た。不織布Aの厚みは1.6mm、密度185kg/m、通気度16cm/cm/sであった。この不織布Aを表皮層とした。
 (基材層)
 実施例1と同じ不織布Bを用いた。この不織布Bを基材層とした。
 (積層不織布)
 実施例1と同じ接合方法で積層不織布を得た。
 得られた積層不織布の剛軟度は210mm、平均吸音率は77%と非常に優れた吸音性と柔軟性であった。
 [実施例3]
 (表皮層)
 ポリアミド6の領域と複数のポリエチレンテレフタレートの領域とが長さ方向に連続して並ぶ割繊複合タイプの短繊維(単糸繊度3.3デシテックス、長さ51mm)をカードで開繊した後、クロスラップウエーバーでウエブとした。このウエブに、ウォータジェットパンチ機で加工を実施し、厚みが0.5mm、密度260kg/m、通気度10cm/cm/s、単繊維直径が1800~2300nm、平均繊維径が2000nmの不織布Aを得た。この不織布Aを表皮層とした。
 (基材層)
 実施例1と同じ不織布Bを用いた。この不織布Bを基材層とした。
 (積層不織布)
 実施例1と同じ接合方法で積層不織布を得た。
 得られた積層不織布の剛軟度は250mm、平均吸音率は78%であったが、高周波吸音率がやや劣る吸音性であった。
 [実施例4]
 (表皮層)
 実施例3で用いた不織布Aに低融点パウダー5g/m載せて、その2枚を重ね合わせて130℃の加熱ロールで貼り合せた不織布Aを得た。この不織布Aの厚みは1.0mm、密度260kg/m、通気度5cm/cm/sであった。この不織布Aを表皮層とした。
 (基材層)
 実施例1と同じ不織布Bを用いた。この不織布Bを基材層とした。
 (積層不織布)
 実施例1と同じ接合方法で積層不織布を得た。
 得られた積層不織布の剛軟度は290mm、平均吸音率は91%であったが、高周波吸音率がやや劣る吸音性であった。
 [実施例5]
 (表皮層)
 実施例1と同じ不織布Aを用いた。この不織布Aを表皮層とした。
 (基材層)
 熱可塑性繊維として平均繊維長35mm、単糸維度0.8デシテックスのポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維(東レ(株)“テトロン”(登録商標))を15質量部、平均繊維長51mm、単糸繊度6.6デシテックスの中空ポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維(東レ(株)“テトロン”(登録商標))を15質量部、平均繊維長51mm、単糸繊度2.2デシテックスのポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維(東レ(株)“テトロン”(登録商標))を55質量部、また、バインダー繊維として平均繊維長51mm、単糸繊度2.2デシテックスのポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維の芯鞘複合繊維(鞘成分:低融点ポリエチレンテレフタレート(融点110℃)、芯成分:ホモポリエチレンテレフタレート(融点255℃)、鞘比率30質量%、東レ(株)“サフメット”(登録商標)T9611)を35質量部の比率で混繊した。
 カードマシンを用いて混繊、開繊し、均一なウエブを成形した。次にウエブを所定の厚みとなるように積層した。積層したウエブをプレスロールでウエブの厚みが20mmとなるように押さえながら、上下ネットコンベヤーを有する215℃の熱処理炉にて繊維間を熱融着させ、目付が400g/m及び厚みが20mmとなるように調整し、不織布Bを得た。この不織布Bを基材層とした。
 (積層不織布)
 加熱炉から出てきた不織布に先ほど作製した表皮層(不織布A)の低融点パウダーを載せた面が不織布面になるように設定し、130℃の加熱ローラーで抑えながら低融点パウダーを溶かして表皮層と基材層を接合した積層不織布を得た。
 得られた積層不織布の剛軟度は350mm、平均吸音率は68%であった。低周波及び高周波での吸音率は優れたものであったが、実施例1の積層不織布に比べ剛軟度が高いために固く柔軟性がやや劣るも、吸音性は良好であった。
 〔実施例6〕
 (表皮層)
 次に海島構造繊維を180g/mと、平均繊維長51mm、単糸繊度2.2デシテックスのポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維(東レ(株)“テトロン”(登録商標))を180g/mの2層構造となるようカードで開繊した後、クロスラップウエーバーでウエッブとした。このウエブに、ニードルパンチ機で加工を実施し、目付が360g/m、厚みが0.8mmの不織布を得た。
 次に上記不織布に対して、1%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で温度95℃、浴比1:40(質量比)にて処理することにより、ポリ乳酸を脱海し、単繊維直径が100~250nm、平均繊維径が150nmのN6ナノファイバーとポリエチレンテレフタレート糸とからなり、目付が252g/m、厚み1.8mmの不織布1を得た。
 (積層不織布)
 実施例1と同じ接合方法で積層不織布を得た。
 得られた積層不織布の剛軟度は200mm、平均吸音率は71%であり非常に良好な吸音性と柔軟性であった。
 〔実施例7〕
 (表皮層)
 市販されている単糸繊度2.2デシテックスのスパンボンド不織布(東レ製 品番G2260-1S)を用いた。
(積層不織布)
 実施例1と同じ接合方法で積層不織布を得た。
 得られた積層不織布の剛軟度は測定不可なほど硬かった。平均吸音率は71%であったが高周波吸音率がやや劣る吸音性であった。
 [比較例1]
 (表皮層)
 実施例1の不織布1を用いた。不織布1の厚みは0.4mm、密度185kg/m、通気度64cm/cm/sであった。この不織布1を、不織布Aとするとともに、表皮層とした。
 (基材層)
 実施例1と同じ不織布Bを用いた。この不織布Bを基材層とした。
 (積層不織布)
 実施例1と同じ接合方法で積層不織布を得た。
 得られた積層不織布の剛軟度は230mm、平均吸音率は41%と低周波での吸音率が低い吸音性であった。
 [比較例2]
 (表皮層)
 単糸繊度2.2デシテックス、繊維長51mmのポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維(東レ(株)“テトロン”(登録商標))をカードで開繊した後、クロスラップウエーバーでウエッブとした。このウエッブに、ニードルパンチ機で加工を実施し、厚みが2.9mm、密度69kg/m、通気度142cm/cm/sの不織布Aを得た。この不織布Aを表皮層とした。
 (基材層)
 実施例1と同じ不織布Bを用いた。この不織布Bを基材層とした。
 (積層不織布)
 実施例1と同じ接合方法で積層不織布を得た。
 得られた積層不織布の剛軟度は170mm、平均吸音率は38%と低周波での吸音率が悪い吸音性であった。
 [比較例3]
 (表皮層)
 単糸繊度3.3デシテックス、繊維長51mmのポリエチレンテレフタレート短繊維(東レ(株)“テトロン”(登録商標))をカードで開繊した後、クロスラップウエーバーでウエッブとした。このウエッブに、ニードルパンチ機で加工を実施し、厚みが1.2mm、密度125kg/m、通気度200cm/cm/sの不織布Aを得た。この不織布Aを表皮層とした。
 (基材層)
 実施例1と同じ不織布Bを用いた。この不織布Bを基材層とした。
 (積層不織布)
 実施例1と同じ接合方法で積層不織布を得た。
 得られた積層不織布の剛軟度は150mm、平均吸音率は21%と低周波での吸音率が悪い吸音性であった。
 実施例1~5の積層不織布の構成および評価結果を表1にまとめ、実施例6および7ならびに比較例1~3の積層不織布の構成および評価結果を表2にまとめた。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002

Claims (7)

  1. 表皮層及び基材層を有する積層不織布であり、
    前記表皮層が不織布Aを有し、この不織布Aの密度が100~500kg/m、厚みが0.5~2.5mm、及び、通気度が4~40cm/cm/sであり、
    前記基材層が不織布Bを有し、この不織布Bの目付けが200~500g/m、及び、厚みが5~40mmである、積層不織布。
  2. 前記不織布Bの厚みが10~40mmである、請求項1に記載の積層不織布。
  3. 不織布Aには単繊維直径が1~5000nmの熱可塑性繊維が、不織布A全体に対して20~40質量%含まれていることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の積層不織布。
  4. 剛軟度が300mm以下である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の積層不織布。
  5. 前記不織布Aがポリアミドからなる繊維及び/又はポリエチレンテレフタレートからなる繊維を有する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の積層不織布。
  6. 前記不織布Bがバインダー繊維を有し、このバインダー繊維の含有量が、前記不織布B全体に対し、5~30質量%である、請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の積層不織布。
  7. 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の積層不織布を有する、吸音材。
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JP2018169555A (ja) * 2017-03-30 2018-11-01 Jnc株式会社 極細繊維を含む積層吸音材
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KR102113062B1 (ko) * 2018-07-17 2020-05-20 대덕대학산학협력단 방음 및 전자기파 차폐 기능을 갖는 열전발전 소자 및 제조 방법
KR20210134627A (ko) 2019-03-07 2021-11-10 도레이 카부시키가이샤 흡음재용 부직포, 흡음재, 및 흡음재용 부직포의 제조 방법
WO2020179753A1 (ja) 2019-03-07 2020-09-10 東レ株式会社 吸音材用不織布、吸音材、および吸音材用不織布の製造方法
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WO2020194788A1 (ja) * 2019-03-22 2020-10-01 Jnc株式会社 積層吸音材
JP2021113879A (ja) * 2020-01-17 2021-08-05 帝人フロンティア株式会社 吸音材
JP2021173907A (ja) * 2020-04-28 2021-11-01 帝人フロンティア株式会社 多層吸音材
JP7468255B2 (ja) 2020-08-31 2024-04-16 東レ株式会社 吸音材用不織布、吸音材、および吸音材用不織布の製造方法

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US11015272B2 (en) 2021-05-25
JP6801643B2 (ja) 2020-12-16
CN107429456A (zh) 2017-12-01
MX2017011285A (es) 2018-01-23
KR20170124553A (ko) 2017-11-10
EP3269860A1 (en) 2018-01-17
CN107429456B (zh) 2021-07-30
EP3269860B1 (en) 2024-04-17
EP3269860A4 (en) 2018-10-31
JPWO2016143857A1 (ja) 2017-12-21
US20180051403A1 (en) 2018-02-22

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