WO2016141816A1 - Manufacturing method of high-capacity capacitor, capacitor battery and battery pack - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of high-capacity capacitor, capacitor battery and battery pack Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016141816A1
WO2016141816A1 PCT/CN2016/075245 CN2016075245W WO2016141816A1 WO 2016141816 A1 WO2016141816 A1 WO 2016141816A1 CN 2016075245 W CN2016075245 W CN 2016075245W WO 2016141816 A1 WO2016141816 A1 WO 2016141816A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capacitor
battery
tip electrode
preset
metal
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PCT/CN2016/075245
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李光武
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李光武
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Publication of WO2016141816A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016141816A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/002—Details
    • H01G4/005—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/002—Details
    • H01G4/018—Dielectrics
    • H01G4/06—Solid dielectrics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G4/38—Multiple capacitors, i.e. structural combinations of fixed capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of electronic device manufacturing, and in particular relates to a method for manufacturing a large-capacity capacitor, a capacitor battery and a battery assembly.
  • Capacitors are one of the most commonly used electronic devices. With the advancement of electronic technology and energy technology, the demand for high-performance large-capacity capacitors is increasing. For example, large-capacity capacitor batteries, which have become one of the key research directions in battery research, are based on Large capacity capacitors. At present, the large-capacity capacitor batteries that have been studied are capacitor batteries filled with an electrolyte, and have the disadvantages of long charging time, complicated structure, and low withstand voltage.
  • C Q/U, where Q is the amount of charge (K) stored between the plates of the capacitor; U is the voltage across the capacitor (V); C is the capacitance of the capacitor (F) .
  • C ⁇ S / d.
  • the capacitance of the capacitor is determined by the distance between the plate area and the plates. That is, the larger the surface area of the plates, the smaller the distance between the plates, the larger the capacitance of the capacitor is theoretically, and the energy storage is The square of the voltage is proportional.
  • the present invention provides a method for fabricating a large-capacity capacitor, a capacitor battery, and a battery assembly, which are used to manufacture a capacitor having a large specific surface area and a small plate pitch, and a press is made based on the capacitor.
  • the invention provides a method for manufacturing a large-capacity capacitor, comprising:
  • the metal salt or metal oxide is sequentially treated by a sol, gel, aging and solvent replacement process to obtain gold Is an oxide gel;
  • the metal oxide aerogel is placed in a container for isolating air, and the reducing material is heated and sprayed to obtain reduced metal nanoparticles;
  • An insulating material is filled and compacted between the two capacitor plates, and electrodes are respectively mounted on the two capacitor plates, and a large-capacity capacitor is obtained by packaging.
  • the invention provides a capacitor battery comprising:
  • the on-demand discharge control device includes a first tip electrode, a second tip electrode, a control unit, an ammeter, and a tip electrode movement control component;
  • the current meter is respectively connected to the electric load and the control unit, the current meter detects a real-time current value of the electric load, and sends the real-time current value to the control unit;
  • the first tip electrode and the second tip electrode are respectively connected to two electrodes on the capacitor; the first tip electrode and the second tip electrode are mounted on the tip electrode movement control member, The tip electrode movement control unit is connected to the control unit;
  • the control unit is configured to send a control instruction to the tip electrode movement control component when a difference between the real-time current value and the preset current value exceeds a preset deviation range;
  • the tip electrode movement control unit is configured to move the first tip electrode and the second tip electrode according to the control instruction such that a spacing between the first tip electrode and the second tip electrode satisfies The requirement for preset deviation.
  • the invention provides a capacitor battery assembly comprising:
  • each of the capacitor batteries of the on-demand discharge control device further includes a voltmeter for detecting a voltage of the corresponding capacitor battery;
  • the capacitor battery is the first capacitor group, the at least two capacitor batteries are connected in series; if the capacitor battery is the second capacitor group, the at least two capacitor batteries are connected in parallel Connecting; if the capacitor battery is the capacitor, the at least two capacitor batteries are connected in series or in parallel;
  • variable resistance regulator is configured to divide a voltage of the output voltage of the working capacitor battery to obtain a first preset output voltage, so that the first preset output voltage sent to the power load meets a preset Operating Voltage;
  • control unit in the working capacitor battery for receiving a voltage of the working capacitor battery sent by the voltmeter in the working capacitor battery, and determining that the voltage is lower than the first preset output voltage And controlling each compensation capacitor battery to sequentially replenish the working capacitor battery.
  • the insulating material has a high withstand voltage, so that a large-capacity and high-voltage capacitor battery can be manufactured based on the large-capacity capacitor.
  • the capacitor battery is a pure physical battery, its charging characteristics are instantaneous and rapid charging, and the charging can be quickly completed by turning on the DC charging power source to the capacitor electrode.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for fabricating a large-capacity capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another capacitor battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of still another capacitor battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor battery assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a large-capacity capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the method includes:
  • Step 101 the metal salt or metal oxide is sequentially treated by a sol, gel, aging and solvent replacement process to obtain a metal oxide gel;
  • the metal salt in this embodiment may be, for example, copper chloride, copper sulfate or the like, and copper chloride or copper sulfate may be catalyzed by water and an organic solvent such as ethanol, n-hexane or n-heptane. Add a certain proportion of polyacrylic acid and mix well, then add propylene oxide and stir evenly. Wait for a while for a while.
  • copper chloride is dissolved in ethanol, such as copper chloride in a 10% by weight ethanol solution, added to 30% by weight of deionized water, mixed uniformly, and then added to a total weight of 15% polyacrylic acid stirred 0.5-1 After the hour, after stirring uniformly, 1,2 propylene oxide was slowly added, and the mixture was allowed to stand for several minutes to several tens of minutes to complete the sol-gel process to obtain a gel.
  • the metal oxide may be copper oxide or cuprous oxide after being dissolved in an acidic state and then catalyzed by an organic solvent such as ethanol, n-hexane or n-heptane, and the polyacrylic acid is added in a certain ratio and mixed uniformly, and then epoxy is added.
  • the aging and solvent replacement process is to place the gel in a sealed container at room temperature or up to 50 ° C, aged. After 2 days to 4 days, the aged gel was soaked with ethanol (95% or more) for 4-6 days, and the ethanol was changed every day to finally obtain a metal oxide gel.
  • the metal salt is copper chloride or copper sulfate
  • a cuprous oxide or copper oxide gel is obtained.
  • metal oxide gels of other different metals are prepared, including, but not limited to, alumina gel, zinc oxide gel, titanium oxide gel, iron oxide gel, and the like.
  • Step 102 drying the metal oxide gel to obtain a metal oxide aerogel
  • the drying treatment includes gradient drying or supercritical drying.
  • Gradient decompression For example, in the drying treatment, the replaced metal oxide gel such as copper oxide gel is placed in a vacuum oven, and dried under a gradient of, for example, 48-96 hours, specifically, for example, gradient decompression treatment as follows: -0.01 Megapascal (MP)/2 hours, -0.02MP/2 hours, -0.03MP/2 hours, -0.04MP/2 hours, -0.05MP/2 hours, -0.07MP/72 hours, thereby obtaining metal oxide gas A gel, such as a copper oxide aerogel.
  • MP Megapascal
  • Step 103 placing the metal oxide aerogel in a container for isolating air, heating and blowing the reducing material to obtain the reduced metal nanoparticles;
  • the reducing material comprises hydrogen or carbon monoxide or carbon powder.
  • a copper oxide aerogel is placed in a container that is insulated from air, and heated at 600-800 ° C while blowing hydrogen or carbon monoxide gas to obtain copper nanoparticles.
  • Step 104 depositing the metal nanoparticle on a metal substrate corresponding to the metal, heating to a preset temperature, to obtain a metal cluster plate with a preset specific surface area, the preset temperature being lower than the metal Melting point
  • Step 105 cutting the metal cluster plate according to a preset size to obtain two capacitor plates
  • the obtained copper nanoparticles are deposited on a copper substrate and heated to, for example, 1000-1050 ° C to obtain copper clusters deposited on the copper substrate to obtain a copper cluster substrate.
  • other metal nanoparticles such as aluminum
  • the heating temperature is closer to the melting point of copper or aluminum, and the larger the copper cluster or the aluminum cluster, the smaller the specific surface area, and therefore, the heating temperature is controlled to be lower than the melting point of the metal.
  • a copper substrate or an aluminum substrate supporting nano copper clusters or aluminum clusters may be pressed into a nanoporous sheet having a thickness of, for example, 0.3 mm as an electrode.
  • the metal substrate pressed with the metal clusters is cut according to the actual required capacitor plate size to obtain two capacitor plates.
  • Step 106 Fill and compact the insulating material between the two capacitor plates, and respectively mount electrodes on the two capacitor plates, and package to obtain a large-capacity capacitor.
  • a layer of insulating material is pressed between the two capacitor plates, such as a silica aerogel powder or a ceramic insulating film as an insulating material, and electrodes are respectively mounted on the two capacitor plates, and the package is bulk-capable.
  • Capacitor Since the dielectric constant of the silica aerogel is about 1, close to the vacuum, the pressure resistance performance of the obtained capacitor is greatly improved. Adjust the thickness of the insulating material to reach To the voltage of the desired design, it is possible to manufacture a large-capacity capacitor with a large capacity and high voltage.
  • the metal compound is made into a nanoporous metal particle by performing a sol-gel-aging-solvent displacement-drying treatment on the metal salt, and a large number of nanopores exist in the capacitor plate made of the metal nanoparticle. Therefore, the specific surface area of the electrode plate is greatly increased, and at the same time, the insulating material has good insulation performance, can be pressed to a very thin insulating layer, so that the capacitance of the capacitor is greatly increased, and at the same time, a high voltage capacitor battery made of an insulating material with high withstand voltage , high storage capacity.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the capacitor battery includes:
  • Capacitor 1 and on-demand discharge control device 2, wherein capacitor 1 can be a bulk capacitor fabricated using the process of Figure 1.
  • the on-demand discharge control device 2 includes a first tip electrode 21, a second tip electrode 22, a control unit 23, an ammeter 24 and a tip electrode movement control member 25;
  • the current meter 24 is connected to the electrical load and the control unit 23, the current meter 24 detects the real-time current value of the power load, and sends the real-time current value to the control unit 23;
  • the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 are respectively connected to two electrodes A1 and B1 on the capacitor; the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 are mounted at the tip On the electrode movement control unit 25, the tip electrode movement control unit 25 is connected to the control unit 23;
  • the control unit 23 is configured to send a control instruction to the tip electrode movement control component 25 when a difference between the real-time current value and the preset current value exceeds a preset deviation range;
  • the tip electrode movement control member 25 is configured to move the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 according to the control command to cause the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 to pass between The spacing meets the requirements of the preset deviation.
  • the capacitor provided in this embodiment can be directly used as a capacitor battery if it is applied in the case where instantaneous discharge is required, and the stored electric energy is instantaneously released only by bringing the two electrodes into contact.
  • the function of discharging the normal battery is desired, in the present embodiment, the purpose of smoothly outputting the electric energy of the capacitor battery as needed is realized by adding the on-demand discharge control device 2.
  • the capacitor battery provided in this embodiment, a single capacitor may be included.
  • the device 1 may also include a plurality of capacitors 1, that is, the number of capacitors is one or N, and N is an integer greater than or equal to two.
  • the number of the capacitors 1 is plural, a battery of a higher voltage or more can be prepared.
  • the capacitor battery contains only one capacitor 1, its specific structure is as shown in FIG.
  • the capacitor battery includes N capacitors 1, the N capacitors 1 may be connected in series or in parallel.
  • the N capacitors 1 are connected in series to form the first capacitor group 3, as shown in FIG. 4, at this time, the first tip electrode 21 is connected to the first electrode A2 of the first capacitor group 3, The second tip electrode 22 is connected to the second electrode B2 of the first capacitor group 3; wherein the first electrode A2 and the second electrode B2 are two of the N series capacitors 1 at both ends Two mutually different electrodes of the capacitor.
  • A2 corresponds to the electrode A1 of the capacitor located at one end of the first capacitor group 3
  • B2 corresponds to the electrode B1 of the capacitor located at the other end of the first capacitor group 3.
  • the N capacitors are connected in parallel to form the second capacitor group 4, as shown in FIG. 5, at this time, the first tip electrode 21 is connected to the first electrode common terminal A3 of the second capacitor group 4.
  • the second tip electrode 22 is connected to the second electrode common terminal B3 of the second capacitor group 4; wherein the first electrode common terminal A3 and the second electrode common terminal B3 are respectively the N
  • A3 corresponds to the electrodes A1 of all the capacitors in the second capacitor group 4
  • B3 corresponds to the electrodes B1 of all the capacitors in the second capacitor group 4.
  • the capacitor battery provided in this embodiment may include a single capacitor 1 or N capacitors 1 connected in series, and may also include N capacitors 1 connected in parallel. When it contains N capacitors 1 connected in series, it can output a higher voltage; when it contains N capacitors 1 connected in parallel, it can output a higher current. Therefore, reasonable battery structure selection can be performed according to actual needs.
  • the principle of tip discharge is introduced. Based on the principle of tip discharge, when the distance between the positive and negative tip electrodes is large, the discharge amount is large and the current is large. Conversely, when the distance between the positive and negative tip electrodes is too long, the discharge amount is small and the current is small; The discharge will stop at a certain distance.
  • the current of the electric load is monitored by the ammeter 24 in real time.
  • the flow value is sent to the control unit 23, and the control unit 23 sends a corresponding control command to the tip electrode movement control unit 25 through a preset control program, and the first electrode movement control unit 25 controls the first The advancement and retreat of the tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 control the distance between the two to achieve the purpose of controlling the magnitude of the current input to the electric load.
  • the galvanometer 24 does not send a control command to the tip electrode movement control unit 25 when the real-time current of the electric load is detected between 0.95D and 1.05D, maintaining the two tip electrodes.
  • Current distance of the current meter 24 when the real time current is greater than 1.05D, the control unit 23 sends a first control command to the tip electrode movement control unit 25, and the tip electrode movement control unit 25 controls the first tip electrode 21 mounted thereon.
  • the control unit 23 sends a second control command to the tip electrode movement control unit 25,
  • the tip electrode movement control section 25 controls the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 mounted thereon to face each other such that the distance between the two tip electrodes is close, that is, the pitch is reduced.
  • the control unit 23 can also calculate the instantaneous change ⁇ i of the current, when the current instantaneously increases, and ⁇ i changes in a very short time such as 0.01 second.
  • the control unit 23 can increase the preset current value according to the control program, for example, by 1.9D to 2.1D. This is because it is considered that the starting current needs to be large, and the ⁇ i is large at the time of starting.
  • the tip electrode movement control member 25 may be: a servo valve switch arm; or, the tip electrode movement control member 25 may be a servo motor and a servo motor track, and the servo motor is controlled along the servo motor track according to the control of the control unit 23. Move to control the movement of the two tip electrodes.
  • the number of servo motors may be one or two. In the case of one, one of the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 may be fixed, and the other is mounted on the servo motor. The movement of the tip electrode is controlled by the movement of the servo motor. In both cases, a tip electrode is mounted on each servo motor.
  • the following two servo motors are taken as an example:
  • the two servo motors are opposite to each other, so that the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 are separated from each other;
  • the control unit 23 transmits the second control command to the two servo motors the two servo motors are opposed to each other such that the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 are close to each other.
  • the capacitor battery composed of the capacitor and the on-demand discharge control device
  • the capacitor since the capacitor has a large specific surface area and a thin plate pitch, a single capacitor can store a large amount of electricity, and is connected in parallel by a plurality of capacitors. Or in series, the capacitor battery can be made to provide a higher voltage or a larger current; and, by the on-demand discharge control device, the capacitor battery can be controlled to discharge according to actual needs, thereby achieving the purpose of discharging on demand.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor battery assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the capacitor battery assembly includes:
  • each of the capacitor batteries of the on-demand discharge control device further includes a voltmeter for detecting corresponding The voltage of the capacitor battery.
  • FIG. 6 only a capacitor battery assembly in which a plurality of capacitor batteries including a single capacitor 1 are connected in series is illustrated in FIG.
  • the at least two capacitor cells containing a single capacitor 1 can also be connected in parallel to form a capacitor battery assembly.
  • the capacitor battery assembly is composed of at least two capacitor batteries including the first capacitor group 3 connected in series; if the capacitor battery includes the above
  • the second capacitor bank 4 is composed of at least two capacitor cells including the second capacitor bank 4 connected in parallel.
  • the capacitor battery assembly in the present embodiment may have three configurations in which the capacitor battery assembly is composed of M first-type capacitor batteries connected in series or in parallel, wherein each of the first-type capacitor batteries includes only a capacitor 1 and an on-demand discharge control device 2; or, the capacitor battery assembly is composed of M second-type capacitor batteries connected in series, Each of the second type capacitor batteries includes a first capacitor bank 3 and an on-demand discharge control device 2; or, the capacitor battery assembly is composed of M third-class capacitor cells in series, wherein each third The capacitor-like battery includes a second capacitor bank 4 and an on-demand discharge control device 2.
  • one of the at least two capacitor batteries constituting the capacitor battery assembly functions as a working capacitor battery, and other capacitor batteries other than the working capacitor battery of the at least two capacitor batteries serve as compensation capacitor batteries.
  • variable resistance regulator 5 divides the output voltage of the working capacitor battery to obtain a first preset output voltage such as 30V, so that the first preset output voltage delivered to the power load satisfies Set the operating voltage, also 30V.
  • the control unit in the working capacitor battery controls the compensation capacitor batteries in turn when determining that the voltage is lower than the first predetermined output voltage
  • the working capacitor battery replenishes the power.
  • the capacitor battery since the capacitor battery is discharged, its voltage is reduced with discharge. For example, if the initial voltage is 60V, the voltage becomes 0V after the full discharge, so in order to maintain the normal operation of the power load, the battery is used in this embodiment.
  • the group compensation method performs power compensation processing.
  • the preset working voltage is set, that is, the voltage required for the normal operation of the electric load is satisfied, for example, the charging voltage of the capacitor battery is set to 60V, and the preset working voltage is 30V.
  • the variable resistor regulator 5 is disposed between the capacitor battery component and the electric load, and the output voltage of the working capacitor battery is divided by the variable resistor to obtain a first preset output voltage, that is, the first working voltage is satisfied.
  • a preset output voltage which is an output voltage of 30V.
  • the working capacitor battery gradually drops to 30V or lower than 30V as the discharging process progresses.
  • the voltmeter in the on-demand discharge control device of the working capacitor battery detects that the voltage is lowered to 30V, so that the The control unit in the working capacitor battery sends a control command to the control unit in the adjacent compensation capacitor battery to cause the adjacent compensation capacitor battery to perform charge compensation charging of the working capacitor battery.
  • the adjacent compensation capacitor battery controls its adjacent next compensation capacitor battery to compensate the power of the working capacitor battery by itself, and so on, to maintain the output of the working capacitor battery.
  • the voltage meets the requirements of the first predetermined output voltage.
  • control unit in the working capacitor battery is further configured to receive each compensation capacitor The voltage of each compensation capacitor battery sent by the control unit in the pool, and when the voltage of each compensation capacitor battery is lower than the first preset output voltage, controlling the external charging power source to perform the working capacitor battery and each compensation capacitor battery Charging.
  • the control unit of the working capacitor battery can be charged, for example.
  • a prompt is to charge each of the capacitor batteries in the capacitor battery assembly by an external DC charging power source.
  • the capacitor battery assembly further includes a boosting device 6; the boosting device 6 has one end connected to the variable resistance regulator 5 and the other end connected to an electrical load, and the boosting device 6 can be, for example, a boosting device. Circuit.
  • control unit in the working capacitor battery is further configured to receive the voltages of the compensation capacitor batteries respectively sent by the control units in the compensation capacitor batteries, and when the voltages of the compensation capacitor batteries are lower than the first preset output voltage And controlling the variable resistance regulator to divide the output voltage of the working capacitor battery to obtain a second preset output voltage, wherein the second preset output voltage is lower than the first preset output voltage; the boosting device 6 And performing a step-up process on the second preset output voltage to obtain the first preset output voltage.
  • the preset output voltage when the voltage of all the capacitor batteries in the capacitor battery assembly is lowered to or lower than the first preset output voltage, that is, 30V, the preset output voltage can be lowered.
  • the capacitor battery assembly can output a voltage lower than the first preset output voltage, and further obtain a first preset output voltage that satisfies a preset operating voltage when the power load is normally operated by a boosting process.
  • the control unit in the working capacitor battery can be controlled by the variable resistance regulator 5 Adjusting the output voltage of the resistor divider voltage working capacitor battery to obtain a second preset output voltage lower than the first preset output voltage of 30V, for example, 10V, so that the second preset output voltage 10V is boosted by the boosting device 6 Up to the first preset output voltage of 30V, continue to supply power to the power load.
  • the voltage of the working capacitor battery may be lower than the second preset output voltage by 10V.
  • the above-mentioned compensation charging process may still be performed, and will not be described again until all of the capacitor battery components are completed.
  • the voltage of the capacitor battery is lowered to or below the second predetermined output voltage, that is, 10 V, all capacitor batteries in the capacitor battery assembly are charged by an external power source.
  • a capacitor battery assembly composed of a plurality of capacitor batteries
  • one of the working capacitor batteries supplies power to the electric load
  • the other compensating capacitor battery is used for power compensation of the working capacitor battery, which can be effective. Extend the working time of the capacitor battery assembly.
  • the foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program is executed when executed.
  • the foregoing steps include the steps of the foregoing method embodiments; and the foregoing storage medium includes: a medium that can store program codes, such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

Abstract

Provided are a manufacturing method of a high-capacity capacitor, capacitor battery and battery pack. The method comprises: performing solation, gelling, aging and solvent exchange, and drying processes on a metal salt or metal oxide to obtain a metal oxide aerogel; performing oxygen insulation and heating on the metal oxide aerogel, and jetting a reduction material to obtain metal nano-particles; depositing and pressing the metal nano-particles onto a metal substrate, and heating the metal substrate to a preset temperature to obtain a metal cluster polarized plate having a preset specific surface area, the preset temperature being lower than a melting point of the metal; cutting the metal cluster polarized plate to obtain two capacitor polarized plates; and filling insulating material between the two capacitor polarized plates, pressing the insulating material, mounting an electrode and encapsulating to obtain a high-capacity capacitor. Based on the high-capacity capacitor, a high-capacity capacitor battery can be manufactured in combination with an additional discharge-on-demand control device, thus achieving discharge according to demand.

Description

大容量电容器的制作方法和电容器电池、电池组件Large-capacity capacitor manufacturing method and capacitor battery, battery assembly 技术领域Technical field
本发明属于电子器件制造技术领域，尤其是涉及一种大容量电容器的制作方法和电容器电池、电池组件。The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic device manufacturing, and in particular relates to a method for manufacturing a large-capacity capacitor, a capacitor battery and a battery assembly.
背景技术Background technique
电容器是最常用的电子器件之一，随着电子技术与能源技术的进步，对高性能大容量电容器的需求日渐增多，比如已成为目前电池研究重点方向之一的大容量电容器电池，其基础就是大容量电容器。目前，已经研究的大容量电容器电池均为填充电解液的电容器电池，具有充电时间长，结构复杂，耐压低的缺点。Capacitors are one of the most commonly used electronic devices. With the advancement of electronic technology and energy technology, the demand for high-performance large-capacity capacitors is increasing. For example, large-capacity capacitor batteries, which have become one of the key research directions in battery research, are based on Large capacity capacitors. At present, the large-capacity capacitor batteries that have been studied are capacitor batteries filled with an electrolyte, and have the disadvantages of long charging time, complicated structure, and low withstand voltage.
根据电容器电容量的计算公式：C＝Q/U，其中，Q为电容器极板间所存储的电荷量(K)；U为电容器两端电压(V)；C是电容器的电容量(F)。而电容器的电容量决定式为：C＝εS/4πkd，电容器所储存的能量为：E＝1/2CU2，其中，ε是一个介电常数，S为电容器极板的正对面积，d为电容器极板的距离，k是静电力常量。对于常见的平行板电容器：C＝εS/d。According to the calculation formula of capacitor capacitance: C=Q/U, where Q is the amount of charge (K) stored between the plates of the capacitor; U is the voltage across the capacitor (V); C is the capacitance of the capacitor (F) . The capacitance of the capacitor is determined by: C=εS/4πkd, and the energy stored in the capacitor is: E=1/2CU 2 , where ε is a dielectric constant, S is the facing area of the capacitor plate, and d is The distance of the capacitor plate, k is the electrostatic force constant. For common parallel plate capacitors: C = εS / d.
由上述理论公式可知，决定电容器电容量的是极板面积和极板间的距离，即极板表面积越大，极板间距离越小，则理论上电容器的电容量越大，储能则和电压平方成正比。It can be known from the above theoretical formula that the capacitance of the capacitor is determined by the distance between the plate area and the plates. That is, the larger the surface area of the plates, the smaller the distance between the plates, the larger the capacitance of the capacitor is theoretically, and the energy storage is The square of the voltage is proportional.
因此，如何制作出具有较大比表面积和较小极板间距的电容器，是新一代电容器技术中的一个重要挑战。Therefore, how to make capacitors with large specific surface area and small plate spacing is an important challenge in the new generation of capacitor technology.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对上述存在的问题，本发明提供一种大容量电容器的制作方法和电容器电池、电池组件，用以实现制作出具有较大比表面积、较小极板间距的电容器，以及基于该电容器制作出按需放电的大容量电容器电池的目的。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a method for fabricating a large-capacity capacitor, a capacitor battery, and a battery assembly, which are used to manufacture a capacitor having a large specific surface area and a small plate pitch, and a press is made based on the capacitor. The purpose of a large-capacity capacitor battery that needs to be discharged.
本发明提供了一种大容量电容器的制作方法，包括：The invention provides a method for manufacturing a large-capacity capacitor, comprising:
金属盐或金属氧化物依次通过溶胶、凝胶、陈化和溶剂置换工艺处理，得到金 属氧化物凝胶；The metal salt or metal oxide is sequentially treated by a sol, gel, aging and solvent replacement process to obtain gold Is an oxide gel;
对所述金属氧化物凝胶进行干燥处理，得到金属氧化物气凝胶；Drying the metal oxide gel to obtain a metal oxide aerogel;
将所述金属氧化物气凝胶置入隔绝空气的容器内，加热并喷吹还原材料，以得到还原后的金属纳米颗粒；The metal oxide aerogel is placed in a container for isolating air, and the reducing material is heated and sprayed to obtain reduced metal nanoparticles;
将所述金属纳米颗粒沉积压实在与所述金属对应的金属基板上，加热到预设温度，得到预设比表面积的金属簇极板，所述预设温度低于所述金属的熔点；Depositing the metal nanoparticle on the metal substrate corresponding to the metal, heating to a preset temperature, to obtain a metal cluster plate with a preset specific surface area, the preset temperature being lower than the melting point of the metal;
按预设尺寸切割所述金属簇极板，得到两块电容器极板；Cutting the metal cluster plate according to a preset size to obtain two capacitor plates;
在所述两块电容器极板间填充并压实绝缘材料，并在所述两块电容器极板上分别安装电极，封装得到大容量电容器。An insulating material is filled and compacted between the two capacitor plates, and electrodes are respectively mounted on the two capacitor plates, and a large-capacity capacitor is obtained by packaging.
本发明提供了一种电容器电池，包括：The invention provides a capacitor battery comprising:
采用如上方法制得的电容器，以及按需放电控制装置；a capacitor obtained by the above method, and an on-demand discharge control device;
所述按需放电控制装置中包括第一尖端电极、第二尖端电极、控制单元、电流计和尖端电极移动控制部件；The on-demand discharge control device includes a first tip electrode, a second tip electrode, a control unit, an ammeter, and a tip electrode movement control component;
所述电流计分别与用电负载和所述控制单元连接，所述电流计检测所述用电负载的实时电流值，并将所述实时电流值发送给所述控制单元；The current meter is respectively connected to the electric load and the control unit, the current meter detects a real-time current value of the electric load, and sends the real-time current value to the control unit;
所述第一尖端电极和所述第二尖端电极分别与所述电容器上的两个电极连接；所述第一尖端电极和所述第二尖端电极安装在所述尖端电极移动控制部件上，所述尖端电极移动控制部件与所述控制单元连接；The first tip electrode and the second tip electrode are respectively connected to two electrodes on the capacitor; the first tip electrode and the second tip electrode are mounted on the tip electrode movement control member, The tip electrode movement control unit is connected to the control unit;
所述控制单元用于在所述实时电流值与预设电流值的差值超过预设偏差范围时，向所述尖端电极移动控制部件发送控制指令；The control unit is configured to send a control instruction to the tip electrode movement control component when a difference between the real-time current value and the preset current value exceeds a preset deviation range;
所述尖端电极移动控制部件用于根据所述控制指令移动所述第一尖端电极和所述第二尖端电极，以使所述第一尖端电极和所述第二尖端电极间的间距满足所述预设偏差的要求。The tip electrode movement control unit is configured to move the first tip electrode and the second tip electrode according to the control instruction such that a spacing between the first tip electrode and the second tip electrode satisfies The requirement for preset deviation.
本发明提供了一种电容器电池组件，包括：The invention provides a capacitor battery assembly comprising:
至少两个如上所述的电容器电池和可变电阻调节器；每个所述电容器电池的按需放电控制装置中还包括电压计，用于检测对应电容器电池的电压；At least two capacitor batteries and variable resistance regulators as described above; each of the capacitor batteries of the on-demand discharge control device further includes a voltmeter for detecting a voltage of the corresponding capacitor battery;
其中，若所述电容器电池中为所述第一电容器组，则所述至少两个电容器电池串联连接；若所述电容器电池中为所述第二电容器组，则所述至少两个电容器电池并联连接；若所述电容器电池中为所述电容器，则所述至少两个电容器电池串联或并联连接； Wherein, if the capacitor battery is the first capacitor group, the at least two capacitor batteries are connected in series; if the capacitor battery is the second capacitor group, the at least two capacitor batteries are connected in parallel Connecting; if the capacitor battery is the capacitor, the at least two capacitor batteries are connected in series or in parallel;
所述至少两个电容器电池中的一个作为工作电容器电池，除所述工作电容器电池之外的其他电容器电池作为补偿电容器电池；One of the at least two capacitor batteries as a working capacitor battery, and other capacitor batteries other than the working capacitor battery as a compensation capacitor battery;
所述可变电阻调节器用于对所述工作电容器电池的输出电压进行分压，得到第一预设输出电压，以使向所述用电负载输送的所述第一预设输出电压满足预设工作电压；The variable resistance regulator is configured to divide a voltage of the output voltage of the working capacitor battery to obtain a first preset output voltage, so that the first preset output voltage sent to the power load meets a preset Operating Voltage;
所述工作电容器电池中的控制单元用于接收所述工作电容器电池中的所述电压计发送的所述工作电容器电池的电压，并在确定所述电压低于所述第一预设输出电压时，控制各补偿电容器电池依次为所述工作电容器电池补充电量。a control unit in the working capacitor battery for receiving a voltage of the working capacitor battery sent by the voltmeter in the working capacitor battery, and determining that the voltage is lower than the first preset output voltage And controlling each compensation capacitor battery to sequentially replenish the working capacitor battery.
本发明提供的大容量电容器的制作方法和电容器电池、电池组件，通过对金属盐或金属氧化物进行溶胶-凝胶-陈化-溶剂置换-干燥处理，将金属化合物制成纳米孔洞金属颗粒，由于该金属纳米颗粒制成的电容器极板存在大量的纳米孔洞，使得极板的比表面积大大增加，同时，绝缘材料绝缘性能好，可压紧到绝缘层很薄，使得电容器的电容量大大增加，同时，绝缘材料耐电压高，从而基于该大容量电容器可以制得大容量高电压的电容器电池。另外，由于本电容器电池是纯物理电池，因此其充电特性是瞬时快速充电的，只要将直流充电电源接通到电容器电极，即可快速完成充电。The method for manufacturing a large-capacity capacitor provided by the present invention, and a capacitor battery and a battery assembly, wherein a metal compound is made into a nanoporous metal particle by performing a sol-gel-aging-solvent displacement-drying treatment on a metal salt or a metal oxide. Due to the large number of nanopores in the capacitor plate made of the metal nanoparticles, the specific surface area of the plate is greatly increased. At the same time, the insulating material has good insulation performance and can be pressed to the insulating layer to be thin, so that the capacitance of the capacitor is greatly increased. At the same time, the insulating material has a high withstand voltage, so that a large-capacity and high-voltage capacitor battery can be manufactured based on the large-capacity capacitor. In addition, since the capacitor battery is a pure physical battery, its charging characteristics are instantaneous and rapid charging, and the charging can be quickly completed by turning on the DC charging power source to the capacitor electrode.
附图说明DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description of the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description It is a certain embodiment of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained from those skilled in the art without any inventive labor.
图1为本发明实施例提供的大容量电容器的制作方法的流程图；1 is a flow chart of a method for fabricating a large-capacity capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的电容器电池的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种电容器电池的具体结构示意图；3 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的另一种电容器电池的具体结构示意图；4 is a schematic structural diagram of another capacitor battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的又一种电容器电池的具体结构示意图；FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of still another capacitor battery according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.
图6为本发明实施例提供的电容器电池组件的结构示意图。 FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor battery assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is a partial embodiment of the invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.
图1为本发明实施例提供的大容量电容器的制作方法的流程图，如图1所示，该方法包括：FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a large-capacity capacitor according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the method includes:
步骤101、金属盐或金属氧化物依次通过溶胶、凝胶、陈化和溶剂置换工艺处理，得到金属氧化物凝胶； Step 101, the metal salt or metal oxide is sequentially treated by a sol, gel, aging and solvent replacement process to obtain a metal oxide gel;
本实施例中的所述金属盐，举例来说比如可以是氯化铜、硫酸铜等，氯化铜或硫酸铜在水和有机溶剂比如乙醇、正己烷或正庚烷的催化作用下，按一定比例添加聚丙烯酸混合搅拌均匀，再加入环氧丙烷搅拌均匀，静止一段时间等待凝胶。举例来说，将氯化铜在乙醇中溶解，如氯化铜在10％重量浓度乙醇溶液中，加入30％重量的去离子水中混合均匀，再加入总重15％的聚丙烯酸搅拌0.5-1小时，在搅拌均匀后，缓慢加入1,2环氧丙烷，静置数分钟至数十分钟完成溶胶-凝胶过程，得到凝胶。所述金属氧化物可以是氧化铜或氧化亚铜在酸性状态溶解后之后和有机溶剂比如乙醇、正己烷或正庚烷的催化作用下，按一定比例添加聚丙烯酸混合搅拌均匀，再加入环氧丙烷搅拌均匀，静止一段时间等待凝胶进行陈化和溶剂置换过程，具体地，所述陈化、溶剂置换过程为将凝胶放入密封容器内，室温或最高不高于50℃，陈化2天-4天，将陈化后的凝胶用乙醇(95％以上)浸泡4-6天，每天更换乙醇，最终制得金属氧化物凝胶。在上述金属盐为氯化铜或硫酸铜的举例中，制得的为氧化亚铜或氧化铜凝胶。实际上，如果是要制备其他金属的电容器电极，则制备其他不同金属的金属氧化物凝胶，包括并不限于氧化铝凝胶，氧化锌凝胶，氧化钛凝胶，氧化***胶等。The metal salt in this embodiment may be, for example, copper chloride, copper sulfate or the like, and copper chloride or copper sulfate may be catalyzed by water and an organic solvent such as ethanol, n-hexane or n-heptane. Add a certain proportion of polyacrylic acid and mix well, then add propylene oxide and stir evenly. Wait for a while for a while. For example, copper chloride is dissolved in ethanol, such as copper chloride in a 10% by weight ethanol solution, added to 30% by weight of deionized water, mixed uniformly, and then added to a total weight of 15% polyacrylic acid stirred 0.5-1 After the hour, after stirring uniformly, 1,2 propylene oxide was slowly added, and the mixture was allowed to stand for several minutes to several tens of minutes to complete the sol-gel process to obtain a gel. The metal oxide may be copper oxide or cuprous oxide after being dissolved in an acidic state and then catalyzed by an organic solvent such as ethanol, n-hexane or n-heptane, and the polyacrylic acid is added in a certain ratio and mixed uniformly, and then epoxy is added. Propane is stirred evenly, waiting for a period of time for the gel to be aged and solvent replacement. Specifically, the aging and solvent replacement process is to place the gel in a sealed container at room temperature or up to 50 ° C, aged. After 2 days to 4 days, the aged gel was soaked with ethanol (95% or more) for 4-6 days, and the ethanol was changed every day to finally obtain a metal oxide gel. In the above examples in which the metal salt is copper chloride or copper sulfate, a cuprous oxide or copper oxide gel is obtained. In fact, if it is to prepare capacitor electrodes of other metals, metal oxide gels of other different metals are prepared, including, but not limited to, alumina gel, zinc oxide gel, titanium oxide gel, iron oxide gel, and the like.
步骤102、对所述金属氧化物凝胶进行干燥处理，得到金属氧化物气凝胶； Step 102, drying the metal oxide gel to obtain a metal oxide aerogel;
本实施例中，所述干燥处理包括梯度减压干燥或超临界干燥。以梯度减压 干燥处理为例，将置换后的金属氧化物凝胶比如氧化铜凝胶放置在减压烘箱中，梯度减压干燥比如48-96小时，具体地，比如进行如下的梯度减压处理：-0.01兆帕(MP)/2小时，-0.02MP/2小时，-0.03MP/2小时，-0.04MP/2小时，-0.05MP/2小时，-0.07MP/72小时，从而得到金属氧化物气凝胶，比如得到氧化铜气凝胶。In this embodiment, the drying treatment includes gradient drying or supercritical drying. Gradient decompression For example, in the drying treatment, the replaced metal oxide gel such as copper oxide gel is placed in a vacuum oven, and dried under a gradient of, for example, 48-96 hours, specifically, for example, gradient decompression treatment as follows: -0.01 Megapascal (MP)/2 hours, -0.02MP/2 hours, -0.03MP/2 hours, -0.04MP/2 hours, -0.05MP/2 hours, -0.07MP/72 hours, thereby obtaining metal oxide gas A gel, such as a copper oxide aerogel.
步骤103、将所述金属氧化物气凝胶置入隔绝空气的容器内，加热并喷吹还原材料，以得到还原后的金属纳米颗粒； Step 103, placing the metal oxide aerogel in a container for isolating air, heating and blowing the reducing material to obtain the reduced metal nanoparticles;
其中，所述还原材料包括氢气或一氧化碳或碳粉。Wherein the reducing material comprises hydrogen or carbon monoxide or carbon powder.
比如，将氧化铜气凝胶放入隔绝空气的容器，加热如600-800℃，同时喷吹氢气或一氧化碳气，得到铜纳米颗粒。For example, a copper oxide aerogel is placed in a container that is insulated from air, and heated at 600-800 ° C while blowing hydrogen or carbon monoxide gas to obtain copper nanoparticles.
步骤104、将所述金属纳米颗粒沉积压实在与所述金属对应的金属基板上，加热到预设温度，得到预设比表面积的金属簇极板，所述预设温度低于所述金属的熔点； Step 104, depositing the metal nanoparticle on a metal substrate corresponding to the metal, heating to a preset temperature, to obtain a metal cluster plate with a preset specific surface area, the preset temperature being lower than the metal Melting point
步骤105、按预设尺寸切割所述金属簇极板，得到两块电容器极板； Step 105, cutting the metal cluster plate according to a preset size to obtain two capacitor plates;
比如将得到的上述铜纳米颗粒沉积压实于铜基板上，加热到比如1000-1050℃，得到铜簇沉积在铜基板上即得到铜簇基板。值得说明的是，如果是其他金属纳米颗粒，比如铝，那么将铝沉积压实于铝基板上。由于金属纳米颗粒熔点低于原该物质熔点，加热温度越接近铜或鋁的熔点，铜簇或鋁簇就越大，比表面积就越小，因此，要控制加热温度低于金属熔点。在实际制作过程中，比如可以将托着纳米铜簇或鋁簇的铜基板或鋁基板压制成一定厚度比如0.3毫米厚的纳米孔薄板作为电极。For example, the obtained copper nanoparticles are deposited on a copper substrate and heated to, for example, 1000-1050 ° C to obtain copper clusters deposited on the copper substrate to obtain a copper cluster substrate. It is worth noting that if other metal nanoparticles, such as aluminum, are deposited on the aluminum substrate. Since the melting point of the metal nanoparticles is lower than the melting point of the original material, the heating temperature is closer to the melting point of copper or aluminum, and the larger the copper cluster or the aluminum cluster, the smaller the specific surface area, and therefore, the heating temperature is controlled to be lower than the melting point of the metal. In the actual manufacturing process, for example, a copper substrate or an aluminum substrate supporting nano copper clusters or aluminum clusters may be pressed into a nanoporous sheet having a thickness of, for example, 0.3 mm as an electrode.
之后，根据实际所需的电容器极板尺寸，切割压制有金属簇的金属基板，得到两块电容器极板。Thereafter, the metal substrate pressed with the metal clusters is cut according to the actual required capacitor plate size to obtain two capacitor plates.
步骤106、在所述两块电容器极板间填充并压实绝缘材料，并在所述两块电容器极板上分别安装电极，封装得到大容量电容器。Step 106: Fill and compact the insulating material between the two capacitor plates, and respectively mount electrodes on the two capacitor plates, and package to obtain a large-capacity capacitor.
在两块电容器极板之间填充压制一层一定厚度的绝缘材料，比如二氧化硅气凝胶粉末或陶瓷绝缘膜作为绝缘材料，并在两块电容器极板上分别安装电极，封装得到大容量电容器。由于二氧化硅气凝胶的介电常数约为1，接近真空，使得制得的电容器的耐压值性能大大提高。调整绝缘材料的厚度，可以达 到所需设计的电压，因而可以制造出大容量耐高电压的大容量电容器。A layer of insulating material is pressed between the two capacitor plates, such as a silica aerogel powder or a ceramic insulating film as an insulating material, and electrodes are respectively mounted on the two capacitor plates, and the package is bulk-capable. Capacitor. Since the dielectric constant of the silica aerogel is about 1, close to the vacuum, the pressure resistance performance of the obtained capacitor is greatly improved. Adjust the thickness of the insulating material to reach To the voltage of the desired design, it is possible to manufacture a large-capacity capacitor with a large capacity and high voltage.
本实施例中，通过对金属盐进行溶胶-凝胶-陈化-溶剂置换-干燥处理，将金属化合物制成纳米孔洞金属颗粒，由于该金属纳米颗粒制成的电容器极板存在大量的纳米孔洞，使得极板的比表面积大大增加，同时，绝缘材料绝缘性能好，可压紧到绝缘层很薄，使得电容器的电容量大大增加，同时，耐电压高的绝缘材料制造的高电压的电容器电池，蓄电能力高。In this embodiment, the metal compound is made into a nanoporous metal particle by performing a sol-gel-aging-solvent displacement-drying treatment on the metal salt, and a large number of nanopores exist in the capacitor plate made of the metal nanoparticle. Therefore, the specific surface area of the electrode plate is greatly increased, and at the same time, the insulating material has good insulation performance, can be pressed to a very thin insulating layer, so that the capacitance of the capacitor is greatly increased, and at the same time, a high voltage capacitor battery made of an insulating material with high withstand voltage , high storage capacity.
图2为本发明实施例提供的电容器电池的结构示意图，如图2所示，该电容器电池包括：FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the capacitor battery includes:
电容器1，以及按需放电控制装置2，其中，该电容器1可以是采用如图1所示工艺方法制得的大容量电容器。 Capacitor 1, and on-demand discharge control device 2, wherein capacitor 1 can be a bulk capacitor fabricated using the process of Figure 1.
所述按需放电控制装置2中包括第一尖端电极21、第二尖端电极22、控制单元23、电流计24和尖端电极移动控制部件25；The on-demand discharge control device 2 includes a first tip electrode 21, a second tip electrode 22, a control unit 23, an ammeter 24 and a tip electrode movement control member 25;
所述电流计24分别与用电负载和所述控制单元23连接，所述电流计24检测所述用电负载的实时电流值，并将所述实时电流值发送给所述控制单元23；The current meter 24 is connected to the electrical load and the control unit 23, the current meter 24 detects the real-time current value of the power load, and sends the real-time current value to the control unit 23;
所述第一尖端电极21和所述第二尖端电极22分别与所述电容器上的两个电极A1和B1连接；所述第一尖端电极21和所述第二尖端电极22安装在所述尖端电极移动控制部件25上，所述尖端电极移动控制部件25与所述控制单元23连接；The first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 are respectively connected to two electrodes A1 and B1 on the capacitor; the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 are mounted at the tip On the electrode movement control unit 25, the tip electrode movement control unit 25 is connected to the control unit 23;
所述控制单元23用于在所述实时电流值与预设电流值的差值超过预设偏差范围时，向所述尖端电极移动控制部件25发送控制指令；The control unit 23 is configured to send a control instruction to the tip electrode movement control component 25 when a difference between the real-time current value and the preset current value exceeds a preset deviation range;
所述尖端电极移动控制部件25用于根据所述控制指令移动所述第一尖端电极21和所述第二尖端电极22，以使所述第一尖端电极21和所述第二尖端电极22间的间距满足所述预设偏差的要求。The tip electrode movement control member 25 is configured to move the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 according to the control command to cause the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 to pass between The spacing meets the requirements of the preset deviation.
值得说明的是，本实施例中提供的电容器，如果是应用在需要瞬时放电的场合，则该电容器可以直接用作电容器电池，只需将两个电极接触，便会瞬时释放存储的电能。而如果想要实现正常电池放电的功能，则本实施例中，通过增设按需放电控制装置2来实现电容器电池按需平稳输出电能的目的。It should be noted that the capacitor provided in this embodiment can be directly used as a capacitor battery if it is applied in the case where instantaneous discharge is required, and the stored electric energy is instantaneously released only by bringing the two electrodes into contact. On the other hand, if the function of discharging the normal battery is desired, in the present embodiment, the purpose of smoothly outputting the electric energy of the capacitor battery as needed is realized by adding the on-demand discharge control device 2.
可选的，在本实施例提供的所述电容器电池中，既可以包括单个电容 器1，也可以包含多个电容器1，即电容器的数量为1个或N个，N为大于或等于2的整数。在电容器1的数量为多个时，可以制备出更高电压或更大电流的电池。当该电容器电池中仅包含一个电容器1时，其具体结构如图3所示。Optionally, in the capacitor battery provided in this embodiment, a single capacitor may be included. The device 1 may also include a plurality of capacitors 1, that is, the number of capacitors is one or N, and N is an integer greater than or equal to two. When the number of the capacitors 1 is plural, a battery of a higher voltage or more can be prepared. When the capacitor battery contains only one capacitor 1, its specific structure is as shown in FIG.
实际上，当电容器电池中包含N个电容器1时，该N个电容器1的连接方式可以是串联的，也可以是并联的。In fact, when the capacitor battery includes N capacitors 1, the N capacitors 1 may be connected in series or in parallel.
对于串联的情况：该N个电容器1串联构成第一电容器组3，如图4所示，此时，所述第一尖端电极21与所述第一电容器组3的第一电极A2连接，所述第二尖端电极22和所述第一电容器组3的第二电极B2连接；其中，所述第一电极A2和所述第二电极B2为所述N个串联电容器1中位于两端的两个电容器的两个互异电极。举例来说，比如A2对应于位于第一电容器组3的一端的电容器的电极A1，B2对应于位于第一电容器组3的另一端的电容器的电极B1。For the case of series connection, the N capacitors 1 are connected in series to form the first capacitor group 3, as shown in FIG. 4, at this time, the first tip electrode 21 is connected to the first electrode A2 of the first capacitor group 3, The second tip electrode 22 is connected to the second electrode B2 of the first capacitor group 3; wherein the first electrode A2 and the second electrode B2 are two of the N series capacitors 1 at both ends Two mutually different electrodes of the capacitor. For example, for example, A2 corresponds to the electrode A1 of the capacitor located at one end of the first capacitor group 3, and B2 corresponds to the electrode B1 of the capacitor located at the other end of the first capacitor group 3.
对于并联的情况：所述N个电容器并联构成第二电容器组4，如图5所示，此时，所述第一尖端电极21与所述第二电容器组4的第一电极公共端A3连接，所述第二尖端电极22和所述第二电容器组4的第二电极公共端B3连接；其中，所述第一电极公共端A3和所述第二电极公共端B3分别为所述N个并联电容器的互异电极公共端。举例来说，比如A3对应于第二电容器组4中的所有电容器的电极A1，B3对应于第二电容器组4中的所有电容器的电极B1。For the case of parallel connection, the N capacitors are connected in parallel to form the second capacitor group 4, as shown in FIG. 5, at this time, the first tip electrode 21 is connected to the first electrode common terminal A3 of the second capacitor group 4. The second tip electrode 22 is connected to the second electrode common terminal B3 of the second capacitor group 4; wherein the first electrode common terminal A3 and the second electrode common terminal B3 are respectively the N The common ends of the mutually different electrodes of the parallel capacitors. For example, for example, A3 corresponds to the electrodes A1 of all the capacitors in the second capacitor group 4, and B3 corresponds to the electrodes B1 of all the capacitors in the second capacitor group 4.
综上，本实施例提供的电容器电池中既可以包含单个电容器1，也可以包含N个串联的电容器1，还可以包含N个并联的电容器1。当其包含N个串联的电容器1时，能够输出更高的电压；当其包含N个并联的电容器1时，能够输出更高的电流。从而可以根据实际需要，进行合理的电池结构选择。In summary, the capacitor battery provided in this embodiment may include a single capacitor 1 or N capacitors 1 connected in series, and may also include N capacitors 1 connected in parallel. When it contains N capacitors 1 connected in series, it can output a higher voltage; when it contains N capacitors 1 connected in parallel, it can output a higher current. Therefore, reasonable battery structure selection can be performed according to actual needs.
以下将详细介绍按需放电控制装置2的工作过程：The operation of the on-demand discharge control device 2 will be described in detail below:
首先介绍尖端放电原理，基于尖端放电原理，当正负两个尖端电极距离近时放电量大，电流就大；反之，当正负两个尖端电极距离远时放电量小，电流就小；远到一定距离会停止放电。Firstly, the principle of tip discharge is introduced. Based on the principle of tip discharge, when the distance between the positive and negative tip electrodes is large, the discharge amount is large and the current is large. Conversely, when the distance between the positive and negative tip electrodes is too long, the discharge amount is small and the current is small; The discharge will stop at a certain distance.
该电容器电池在实际使用时，通过电流计24实时监测用电负载的电 流值，并将该实时电流值发送给控制单元23，由控制单元23通过预设控制程序来向尖端电极移动控制部件25发送相应的控制指令，通过该尖端电极移动控制部件25来控制第一尖端电极21和第二尖端电极22的前进和后退，从而控制两者间距离远近，达到控制输入到用电负载的电流大小的目的。When the capacitor battery is actually used, the current of the electric load is monitored by the ammeter 24 in real time. The flow value is sent to the control unit 23, and the control unit 23 sends a corresponding control command to the tip electrode movement control unit 25 through a preset control program, and the first electrode movement control unit 25 controls the first The advancement and retreat of the tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 control the distance between the two to achieve the purpose of controlling the magnitude of the current input to the electric load.
举例来说：假设预设电流值为D,允许偏差+/-10％。使用该电容器电池时，假设电流计24在检测到用电负载的实时电流在0.95D到1.05D之间时，控制单元23不向尖端电极移动控制部件25发控制指令，保持两个尖端电极间的当前距离；电流计24在检测到实时电流大于1.05D时，控制单元23向尖端电极移动控制部件25发第一控制指令，尖端电极移动控制部件25控制安装在其上的第一尖端电极21和第二尖端电极22相背而行，使两个尖端电极距离远离即间距增大；电流计24在检测电流小于0.95D时，控制单元23向尖端电极移动控制部件25发第二控制指令，尖端电极移动控制部件25控制安装在其上的第一尖端电极21和第二尖端电极22相向而行，使两个尖端电极距离接近即间距减小。For example: suppose the preset current value is D, and the allowable deviation is +/-10%. When the capacitor battery is used, it is assumed that the galvanometer 24 does not send a control command to the tip electrode movement control unit 25 when the real-time current of the electric load is detected between 0.95D and 1.05D, maintaining the two tip electrodes. Current distance of the current meter 24; when the real time current is greater than 1.05D, the control unit 23 sends a first control command to the tip electrode movement control unit 25, and the tip electrode movement control unit 25 controls the first tip electrode 21 mounted thereon. Opposite the second tip electrode 22, the distance between the two tip electrodes is increased, and the distance between the two tip electrodes is increased; when the current meter 24 detects that the current is less than 0.95D, the control unit 23 sends a second control command to the tip electrode movement control unit 25, The tip electrode movement control section 25 controls the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 mounted thereon to face each other such that the distance between the two tip electrodes is close, that is, the pitch is reduced.
另外，控制单元23在接收到电流计24发送的用电负载的实时电流后，还可以计算电流的瞬时变化△i，当电流瞬时增大，且△i在比如0.01秒的非常短时间内变化大于比如0.5D时，控制单元23根据控制程序可以将预设电流值提高，比如提高为1.9D到2.1D。这是因为考虑到启动电流需要较大，并且启动时△i很大的情况。In addition, after receiving the real-time current of the electric load sent by the galvanometer 24, the control unit 23 can also calculate the instantaneous change Δi of the current, when the current instantaneously increases, and Δi changes in a very short time such as 0.01 second. When it is greater than, for example, 0.5D, the control unit 23 can increase the preset current value according to the control program, for example, by 1.9D to 2.1D. This is because it is considered that the starting current needs to be large, and the Δi is large at the time of starting.
本实施例中，尖端电极移动控制部件25可以是：伺服阀开关臂；或者，尖端电极移动控制部件25也可以是伺服电机和伺服电机轨道，伺服电机根据控制单元23的控制，沿伺服电机轨道移动，以控制两个尖端电极的移动。实际上，伺服电机的数量可以是一个，也可以是两个，在为一个的情况下，可以固定第一尖端电极21和第二尖端电极22中的一个，另一个安装在该伺服电机上，通过伺服电机的移动而控制该尖端电极的移动。在两个的情况下，每个伺服电机上安装有一个尖端电极。以下以两个伺服电机为例：In this embodiment, the tip electrode movement control member 25 may be: a servo valve switch arm; or, the tip electrode movement control member 25 may be a servo motor and a servo motor track, and the servo motor is controlled along the servo motor track according to the control of the control unit 23. Move to control the movement of the two tip electrodes. Actually, the number of servo motors may be one or two. In the case of one, one of the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 may be fixed, and the other is mounted on the servo motor. The movement of the tip electrode is controlled by the movement of the servo motor. In both cases, a tip electrode is mounted on each servo motor. The following two servo motors are taken as an example:
具体地，控制单元23向两个伺服电机发送上述第一控制指令时，两个伺服电机相背而行，使第一尖端电极21和第二尖端电极22距离远离； 控制单元23向两个伺服电机发送上述第二控制指令时，两个伺服电机相向而行，使第一尖端电极21和第二尖端电极22距离接近。Specifically, when the control unit 23 sends the first control command to the two servo motors, the two servo motors are opposite to each other, so that the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 are separated from each other; When the control unit 23 transmits the second control command to the two servo motors, the two servo motors are opposed to each other such that the first tip electrode 21 and the second tip electrode 22 are close to each other.
另外，在实际应用中，考虑伺服电机的运动惯性和允许偏差如上述的+/-10％，假设检测到伺服电机惯性对电流影响为0.01D,两个伺服电机相向而行时，当电流计24检测到电流为0.99D时，控制单元23控制伺服电机停止运动；两个伺服电机相背而行时，当电流计24检测到电流为1.01D时，控制单元23控制伺服电机停止运动，从而使通过用电负载的电流保持在0.9D到1.1D之间，达到按需放电的目的。In addition, in practical applications, consider the motion inertia and allowable deviation of the servo motor as +/-10% as described above, assuming that the servo motor inertia has a current influence of 0.01D, when the two servo motors are facing each other, when the galvanometer When 24 detects that the current is 0.99D, the control unit 23 controls the servo motor to stop moving; when the two servo motors are opposite each other, when the current meter 24 detects that the current is 1.01D, the control unit 23 controls the servo motor to stop moving, thereby The current through the electrical load is maintained between 0.9D and 1.1D for on-demand discharge.
本实施例中，由电容器和按需放电控制装置组成的电容器电池中，由于该电容器具有较大比表面积和较薄的极板间距，使得单个电容器能够存储较大电量，而通过多个电容器并联或串联，可以使得该电容器电池能够提供更高的电压或更大的电流；并且，通过该按需放电控制装置，可以控制该电容器电池按照实际需要进行放电，实现按需放电的目的。In the present embodiment, in the capacitor battery composed of the capacitor and the on-demand discharge control device, since the capacitor has a large specific surface area and a thin plate pitch, a single capacitor can store a large amount of electricity, and is connected in parallel by a plurality of capacitors. Or in series, the capacitor battery can be made to provide a higher voltage or a larger current; and, by the on-demand discharge control device, the capacitor battery can be controlled to discharge according to actual needs, thereby achieving the purpose of discharging on demand.
图6为本发明实施例提供的电容器电池组件的结构示意图，如图6所示，该电容器电池组件包括：FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a capacitor battery assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6, the capacitor battery assembly includes:
至少两个如图2、图3、图4或图5所述的电容器电池和可变电阻调节器5；每个所述电容器电池的按需放电控制装置中还包括电压计，用于检测对应电容器电池的电压。At least two capacitor batteries and a variable resistance regulator 5 as shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3, FIG. 4 or FIG. 5; each of the capacitor batteries of the on-demand discharge control device further includes a voltmeter for detecting corresponding The voltage of the capacitor battery.
如图6所示，图6中仅示意出由多个包含有单个电容器1的电容器电池串联构成的电容器电池组件。As shown in FIG. 6, only a capacitor battery assembly in which a plurality of capacitor batteries including a single capacitor 1 are connected in series is illustrated in FIG.
实际上，该包含有单个电容器1的至少两个电容器电池还可以并联连接，构成电容器电池组件。In fact, the at least two capacitor cells containing a single capacitor 1 can also be connected in parallel to form a capacitor battery assembly.
另外，若该电容器电池中包含的是上述第一电容器组3，则该电容器电池组件由至少两个包含有该第一电容器组3的电容器电池串联连接组成；若该电容器电池中包含的是上述第二电容器组4，则该电容器电池组件由至少两个包含有该第二电容器组4的电容器电池并联连接组成。In addition, if the capacitor battery includes the first capacitor group 3, the capacitor battery assembly is composed of at least two capacitor batteries including the first capacitor group 3 connected in series; if the capacitor battery includes the above The second capacitor bank 4 is composed of at least two capacitor cells including the second capacitor bank 4 connected in parallel.
也就是说，本实施例中的电容器电池组件可以具有如下三种构成形式：该电容器电池组件由串联或并联的M个第一类电容器电池组成，其中，每个第一类电容器电池中仅包括一个电容器1和一个按需放电控制装置2；或者，该电容器电池组件由串联的M个第二类电容器电池组成，其 中，每个第二类电容器电池中包括一个第一电容器组3和一个按需放电控制装置2；或者，该电容器电池组件由串联的M个第三类电容器电池组成，其中，每个第三类电容器电池中包括一个第二电容器组4和一个按需放电控制装置2。That is, the capacitor battery assembly in the present embodiment may have three configurations in which the capacitor battery assembly is composed of M first-type capacitor batteries connected in series or in parallel, wherein each of the first-type capacitor batteries includes only a capacitor 1 and an on-demand discharge control device 2; or, the capacitor battery assembly is composed of M second-type capacitor batteries connected in series, Each of the second type capacitor batteries includes a first capacitor bank 3 and an on-demand discharge control device 2; or, the capacitor battery assembly is composed of M third-class capacitor cells in series, wherein each third The capacitor-like battery includes a second capacitor bank 4 and an on-demand discharge control device 2.
本实施例中，组成电容器电池组件的至少两个电容器电池中，一个作为工作电容器电池，这至少两个电容器电池中除该工作电容器电池之外的其他电容器电池作为补偿电容器电池。In the present embodiment, one of the at least two capacitor batteries constituting the capacitor battery assembly functions as a working capacitor battery, and other capacitor batteries other than the working capacitor battery of the at least two capacitor batteries serve as compensation capacitor batteries.
该电容器电池组件使用时，可变电阻调节器5对工作电容器电池的输出电压进行分压，得到第一预设输出电压比如30V，以使向用电负载输送的第一预设输出电压满足预设工作电压，同样为30V。When the capacitor battery assembly is in use, the variable resistance regulator 5 divides the output voltage of the working capacitor battery to obtain a first preset output voltage such as 30V, so that the first preset output voltage delivered to the power load satisfies Set the operating voltage, also 30V.
工作电容器电池中的控制单元在接收到工作电容器电池中的电压计发送的该工作电容器电池的电压后，当确定该电压低于所述第一预设输出电压时，控制各补偿电容器电池依次为该工作电容器电池补充电量。After receiving the voltage of the working capacitor battery sent by the voltmeter in the working capacitor battery, the control unit in the working capacitor battery controls the compensation capacitor batteries in turn when determining that the voltage is lower than the first predetermined output voltage The working capacitor battery replenishes the power.
具体来说，由于电容器电池放电时，其电压是随放电降低的，例如起始电压如果是60V，完全放电后电压就变为0V，因此为保持用电负载正常工作，本实施例中采用电池组补偿方式进行电量补偿处理。首先，设定预设工作电压，即满足用电负载正常工作时所需的电压，比如设定电容器电池充电电压为60V，预设工作电压为30V。在电容器电池组件与用电负载之间设置上述可变电阻调节器5，通过可变电阻调节，将工作电容器电池的输出电压分压得到第一预设输出电压，即满足预设工作电压的第一预设输出电压，亦即为30V的输出电压。该工作电容器电池随着放电过程的进行，自身电压逐渐降到30V或低于30V，此时，工作电容器电池的按需放电控制装置中的电压计检测到该电压降低至30V的情况，使得该工作电容器电池中的控制单元向相邻的补偿电容器电池中的控制单元发送控制指令，以使该相邻补偿电容器电池对该工作电容器电池进行电量补偿充电。当相邻的补偿电容器电池的电压也降低到30V时，该相邻补偿电容器电池控制其相邻的下一个补偿电容器电池通过自身向该工作电容器电池补偿电量，依次类推，维持工作电容器电池的输出电压满足第一预设输出电压的要求。Specifically, since the capacitor battery is discharged, its voltage is reduced with discharge. For example, if the initial voltage is 60V, the voltage becomes 0V after the full discharge, so in order to maintain the normal operation of the power load, the battery is used in this embodiment. The group compensation method performs power compensation processing. First, the preset working voltage is set, that is, the voltage required for the normal operation of the electric load is satisfied, for example, the charging voltage of the capacitor battery is set to 60V, and the preset working voltage is 30V. The variable resistor regulator 5 is disposed between the capacitor battery component and the electric load, and the output voltage of the working capacitor battery is divided by the variable resistor to obtain a first preset output voltage, that is, the first working voltage is satisfied. A preset output voltage, which is an output voltage of 30V. The working capacitor battery gradually drops to 30V or lower than 30V as the discharging process progresses. At this time, the voltmeter in the on-demand discharge control device of the working capacitor battery detects that the voltage is lowered to 30V, so that the The control unit in the working capacitor battery sends a control command to the control unit in the adjacent compensation capacitor battery to cause the adjacent compensation capacitor battery to perform charge compensation charging of the working capacitor battery. When the voltage of the adjacent compensation capacitor battery is also lowered to 30V, the adjacent compensation capacitor battery controls its adjacent next compensation capacitor battery to compensate the power of the working capacitor battery by itself, and so on, to maintain the output of the working capacitor battery. The voltage meets the requirements of the first predetermined output voltage.
进一步地，工作电容器电池中的控制单元还用于接收各补偿电容器电 池中的控制单元分别发送的各补偿电容器电池的电压，并在各补偿电容器电池的电压都低于所述第一预设输出电压时，控制外接充电电源对工作电容器电池和各补偿电容器电池进行充电。Further, the control unit in the working capacitor battery is further configured to receive each compensation capacitor The voltage of each compensation capacitor battery sent by the control unit in the pool, and when the voltage of each compensation capacitor battery is lower than the first preset output voltage, controlling the external charging power source to perform the working capacitor battery and each compensation capacitor battery Charging.
具体地，当该电容器电池组件中的所有电容器电池的电压都降低至或低于该第一预设输出电压即30V时，一种可选的方式是，工作电容器电池的控制单元比如可以发出充电提示，以通过外接直流充电电源对该电容器电池组件中的各个电容器电池进行充电。Specifically, when the voltage of all the capacitor batteries in the capacitor battery assembly is lowered to or lower than the first preset output voltage, that is, 30 V, an optional manner is that the control unit of the working capacitor battery can be charged, for example. A prompt is to charge each of the capacitor batteries in the capacitor battery assembly by an external DC charging power source.
进一步可选地，该电容器电池组件中还包括升压器件6；该升压器件6一端与可变电阻调节器5连接，另一端与用电负载连接，该升压器件6比如可以是升压电路。Further optionally, the capacitor battery assembly further includes a boosting device 6; the boosting device 6 has one end connected to the variable resistance regulator 5 and the other end connected to an electrical load, and the boosting device 6 can be, for example, a boosting device. Circuit.
此时，工作电容器电池中的控制单元还用于接收各补偿电容器电池中的控制单元分别发送的各补偿电容器电池的电压，并在各补偿电容器电池的电压都低于第一预设输出电压时，控制可变电阻调节器对该工作电容器电池的输出电压进行分压，得到第二预设输出电压，该第二预设输出电压低于所述第一预设输出电压；该升压器件6用于对该第二预设输出电压进行升压处理，得到所述第一预设输出电压。At this time, the control unit in the working capacitor battery is further configured to receive the voltages of the compensation capacitor batteries respectively sent by the control units in the compensation capacitor batteries, and when the voltages of the compensation capacitor batteries are lower than the first preset output voltage And controlling the variable resistance regulator to divide the output voltage of the working capacitor battery to obtain a second preset output voltage, wherein the second preset output voltage is lower than the first preset output voltage; the boosting device 6 And performing a step-up process on the second preset output voltage to obtain the first preset output voltage.
在另一种可选的方式中，当该电容器电池组件中的所有电容器电池的电压都降低至或低于该第一预设输出电压即30V时，可以通过调低预设输出电压的方式使得该电容器电池组件可以输出低于该第一预设输出电压的电压，进而通过升压处理得到满足用电负载正常工作时需满足预设工作电压的第一预设输出电压。举例来说，当该电容器电池组件中的所有电容器电池的电压都降低至或低于该第一预设输出电压即30V时，工作电容器电池中的控制单元可以通过控制可变电阻调节器5来调节电阻分压工作电容器电池的输出电压，得到低于第一预设输出电压30V的第二预设输出电压如为10V，从而，该第二预设输出电压10V经过升压器件6将电压升高到第一预设输出电压30V，继续给用电负载供电。随着负载供电过程的进行，工作电容器电池的电压可能会低于该第二预设输出电压10V，此时，可以仍旧进行上述的补偿充电过程，不再赘述，直到该电容器电池组件中的所有电容器电池的电压都降低至或低于该第二预设输出电压即10V时，通过外接电源对该电容器电池组件中的所有电容器电池充电。 In another optional manner, when the voltage of all the capacitor batteries in the capacitor battery assembly is lowered to or lower than the first preset output voltage, that is, 30V, the preset output voltage can be lowered. The capacitor battery assembly can output a voltage lower than the first preset output voltage, and further obtain a first preset output voltage that satisfies a preset operating voltage when the power load is normally operated by a boosting process. For example, when the voltages of all the capacitor batteries in the capacitor battery assembly are lowered to or lower than the first predetermined output voltage, that is, 30V, the control unit in the working capacitor battery can be controlled by the variable resistance regulator 5 Adjusting the output voltage of the resistor divider voltage working capacitor battery to obtain a second preset output voltage lower than the first preset output voltage of 30V, for example, 10V, so that the second preset output voltage 10V is boosted by the boosting device 6 Up to the first preset output voltage of 30V, continue to supply power to the power load. As the load power supply process progresses, the voltage of the working capacitor battery may be lower than the second preset output voltage by 10V. At this time, the above-mentioned compensation charging process may still be performed, and will not be described again until all of the capacitor battery components are completed. When the voltage of the capacitor battery is lowered to or below the second predetermined output voltage, that is, 10 V, all capacitor batteries in the capacitor battery assembly are charged by an external power source.
本实施例中，通过构建由多个电容器电池组成的电容器电池组件，由其中的一个工作电容器电池对用电负载进行供电，其他的补偿电容器电池用于对该工作电容器电池进行电量补偿，可以有效延长该电容器电池组件的工作时间。In this embodiment, by constructing a capacitor battery assembly composed of a plurality of capacitor batteries, one of the working capacitor batteries supplies power to the electric load, and the other compensating capacitor battery is used for power compensation of the working capacitor battery, which can be effective. Extend the working time of the capacitor battery assembly.
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above method embodiments may be completed by using hardware related to the program instructions. The foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program is executed when executed. The foregoing steps include the steps of the foregoing method embodiments; and the foregoing storage medium includes: a medium that can store program codes, such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。 Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to be limiting; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or substitutions do not deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. range.

Claims (10)

  1. 一种大容量电容器的制作方法，其特征在于，包括：A method for manufacturing a large-capacity capacitor, comprising:
    金属盐或金属氧化物依次通过溶胶、凝胶、陈化和溶剂置换工艺处理，得到金属氧化物凝胶；The metal salt or metal oxide is sequentially treated by a sol, gel, aging and solvent replacement process to obtain a metal oxide gel;
    对所述金属氧化物凝胶进行干燥处理，得到金属氧化物气凝胶；Drying the metal oxide gel to obtain a metal oxide aerogel;
    将所述金属氧化物气凝胶置入隔绝空气的容器内，加热并喷吹还原材料，以得到还原后的金属纳米颗粒；The metal oxide aerogel is placed in a container for isolating air, and the reducing material is heated and sprayed to obtain reduced metal nanoparticles;
    将所述金属纳米颗粒沉积压实在与所述金属对应的金属基板上，加热到预设温度，得到预设比表面积的金属簇极板，所述预设温度低于所述金属的熔点；Depositing the metal nanoparticle on the metal substrate corresponding to the metal, heating to a preset temperature, to obtain a metal cluster plate with a preset specific surface area, the preset temperature being lower than the melting point of the metal;
    按预设尺寸切割所述金属簇极板，得到两块电容器极板；Cutting the metal cluster plate according to a preset size to obtain two capacitor plates;
    在所述两块电容器极板间填充并压实绝缘材料，并在所述两块电容器极板上分别安装电极，封装得到大容量电容器。An insulating material is filled and compacted between the two capacitor plates, and electrodes are respectively mounted on the two capacitor plates, and a large-capacity capacitor is obtained by packaging.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述干燥处理包括梯度减压干燥或超临界干燥。The method of claim 1 wherein said drying treatment comprises gradient drying or supercritical drying.
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述还原材料包括氢气或一氧化碳或碳粉。The method of claim 1 wherein said reducing material comprises hydrogen or carbon monoxide or carbon powder.
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述绝缘材料包括二氧化硅气凝胶粉末或陶瓷绝缘膜。The method of claim 1 wherein said insulating material comprises a silica aerogel powder or a ceramic insulating film.
  5. 一种电容器电池，其特征在于，包括：A capacitor battery, comprising:
    采用权利要求1至4中任一项方法制得的电容器，以及按需放电控制装置；A capacitor produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, and an on-demand discharge control device;
    所述按需放电控制装置中包括第一尖端电极、第二尖端电极、控制单元、电流计和尖端电极移动控制部件；The on-demand discharge control device includes a first tip electrode, a second tip electrode, a control unit, an ammeter, and a tip electrode movement control component;
    所述电流计分别与用电负载和所述控制单元连接，所述电流计检测所述用电负载的实时电流值，并将所述实时电流值发送给所述控制单元；The current meter is respectively connected to the electric load and the control unit, the current meter detects a real-time current value of the electric load, and sends the real-time current value to the control unit;
    所述第一尖端电极和所述第二尖端电极分别与所述电容器上的两个电极连接；所述第一尖端电极和所述第二尖端电极安装在所述尖端电极移动控制部件上，所述尖端电极移动控制部件与所述控制单元连接；The first tip electrode and the second tip electrode are respectively connected to two electrodes on the capacitor; the first tip electrode and the second tip electrode are mounted on the tip electrode movement control member, The tip electrode movement control unit is connected to the control unit;
    所述控制单元用于在所述实时电流值与预设电流值的差值超过预设偏差范围时，向所述尖端电极移动控制部件发送控制指令；The control unit is configured to send a control instruction to the tip electrode movement control component when a difference between the real-time current value and the preset current value exceeds a preset deviation range;
    所述尖端电极移动控制部件用于根据所述控制指令移动所述第一尖端电极和 所述第二尖端电极，以使所述第一尖端电极和所述第二尖端电极间的间距满足所述预设偏差的要求。The tip electrode movement control unit is configured to move the first tip electrode and according to the control command The second tip electrode is such that a spacing between the first tip electrode and the second tip electrode satisfies a requirement of the preset deviation.
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电池，其特征在于，所述电容器的数量为1个或N个，所述N为大于或等于2的整数；The battery according to claim 5, wherein the number of the capacitors is 1 or N, and the N is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
    所述电容器的数量为N个时，所述N个电容器串联构成第一电容器组；所述第一尖端电极与所述第一电容器组的第一电极连接，所述第二尖端电极和所述第一电容器组的第二电极连接；其中，所述第一电极和所述第二电极为所述N个串联电容器中位于两端的两个电容器的两个互异电极；When the number of the capacitors is N, the N capacitors are connected in series to form a first capacitor group; the first tip electrode is connected to a first electrode of the first capacitor group, the second tip electrode and the a second electrode of the first capacitor group; wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are two mutually different electrodes of two capacitors at two ends of the N series capacitors;
    或者，所述电容器的数量为N个时，所述N个电容器并联构成第二电容器组，所述第一尖端电极与所述第二电容器组的第一电极公共端连接，所述第二尖端电极和所述第二电容器组的第二电极公共端连接；其中，所述第一电极公共端和所述第二电极公共端分别为所述N个并联电容器的互异电极公共端。Alternatively, when the number of the capacitors is N, the N capacitors are connected in parallel to form a second capacitor group, and the first tip electrode is connected to the first electrode common end of the second capacitor group, the second tip The electrode is connected to the second electrode common end of the second capacitor group; wherein the first electrode common end and the second electrode common end are respectively mutually exclusive electrode common ends of the N parallel capacitors.
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的电池，其特征在于，所述尖端电极移动控制部件包括：伺服电机和伺服电机轨道，所述伺服电机沿所述伺服电机轨道移动；The battery according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the tip electrode movement control member comprises: a servo motor and a servo motor track, the servo motor moving along the servo motor track;
    或者，所述尖端电极移动控制部件包括：伺服阀开关臂。Alternatively, the tip electrode movement control member includes a servo valve switch arm.
  8. 一种电容器电池组件，其特征在于，包括：A capacitor battery assembly, comprising:
    至少两个如权利要求5至7中任一项所述的电容器电池和可变电阻调节器；每个所述电容器电池的按需放电控制装置中还包括电压计，用于检测对应电容器电池的电压；At least two capacitor batteries and variable resistance regulators according to any one of claims 5 to 7; each of the capacitor batteries of the on-demand discharge control device further includes a voltmeter for detecting a corresponding capacitor battery Voltage;
    其中，若所述电容器电池中为所述第一电容器组，则所述至少两个电容器电池串联连接；若所述电容器电池中为所述第二电容器组，则所述至少两个电容器电池并联连接；若所述电容器电池中为所述电容器，则所述至少两个电容器电池串联或并联连接；Wherein, if the capacitor battery is the first capacitor group, the at least two capacitor batteries are connected in series; if the capacitor battery is the second capacitor group, the at least two capacitor batteries are connected in parallel Connecting; if the capacitor battery is the capacitor, the at least two capacitor batteries are connected in series or in parallel;
    所述至少两个电容器电池中的一个作为工作电容器电池，除所述工作电容器电池之外的其他电容器电池作为补偿电容器电池；One of the at least two capacitor batteries as a working capacitor battery, and other capacitor batteries other than the working capacitor battery as a compensation capacitor battery;
    所述可变电阻调节器用于对所述工作电容器电池的输出电压进行分压，得到第一预设输出电压，以使向所述用电负载输送的所述第一预设输出电压满足预设工作电压；The variable resistance regulator is configured to divide a voltage of the output voltage of the working capacitor battery to obtain a first preset output voltage, so that the first preset output voltage sent to the power load meets a preset Operating Voltage;
    所述工作电容器电池中的控制单元用于接收所述工作电容器电池中的所述电压计发送的所述工作电容器电池的电压，并在确定所述电压低于所述第一预设输出 电压时，控制各补偿电容器电池依次为所述工作电容器电池补充电量。a control unit in the working capacitor battery for receiving a voltage of the working capacitor battery sent by the voltmeter in the working capacitor battery, and determining that the voltage is lower than the first preset output At the time of voltage, each of the compensation capacitor batteries is controlled to replenish the battery of the working capacitor.
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的电容器电池组件，其特征在于：The capacitor battery assembly of claim 8 wherein:
    所述工作电容器电池中的控制单元还用于接收所述各补偿电容器电池中的控制单元分别发送的各补偿电容器电池的电压，并在所述各补偿电容器电池的电压都低于所述第一预设输出电压时，控制外接充电电源对所述工作电容器电池和所述各补偿电容器电池进行充电。The control unit in the working capacitor battery is further configured to receive voltages of the compensation capacitor batteries respectively sent by the control units in the compensation capacitor batteries, and the voltages of the compensation capacitor batteries are lower than the first When the output voltage is preset, the external charging power source is controlled to charge the working capacitor battery and the compensation capacitor batteries.
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的电容器电池组件，其特征在于，还包括升压器件；所述升压器件一端与所述可变电阻调节器连接，另一端与所述用电负载连接；The capacitor battery assembly of claim 8 further comprising a boosting device; said boosting device having one end coupled to said variable resistance regulator and the other end coupled to said electrical load;
    所述工作电容器电池中的控制单元还用于接收所述各补偿电容器电池中的控制单元分别发送的各补偿电容器电池的电压，并在所述各补偿电容器电池的电压都低于所述第一预设输出电压时，控制所述可变电阻调节器对所述工作电容器电池的输出电压进行分压，得到第二预设输出电压，所述第二预设输出电压低于所述第一预设输出电压；The control unit in the working capacitor battery is further configured to receive voltages of the compensation capacitor batteries respectively sent by the control units in the compensation capacitor batteries, and the voltages of the compensation capacitor batteries are lower than the first When the output voltage is preset, the variable resistance regulator is controlled to divide the output voltage of the working capacitor battery to obtain a second preset output voltage, and the second preset output voltage is lower than the first pre-pre Set the output voltage;
    所述升压器件用于对所述第二预设输出电压进行升压处理，得到所述第一预设输出电压。 The boosting device is configured to perform a boosting process on the second preset output voltage to obtain the first preset output voltage.
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