WO2016139389A1 - Système de palier réglable - Google Patents

Système de palier réglable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016139389A1
WO2016139389A1 PCT/FI2016/050050 FI2016050050W WO2016139389A1 WO 2016139389 A1 WO2016139389 A1 WO 2016139389A1 FI 2016050050 W FI2016050050 W FI 2016050050W WO 2016139389 A1 WO2016139389 A1 WO 2016139389A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing system
bearing
controllable
rotatable element
controllable bearing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2016/050050
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Janne Heikkinen
Robert Scott Semken
Olli Pyrhönen
Jussi SOPANEN
Alexander Smirnov
Original Assignee
Lappeenrannan Teknillinen Yliopisto
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lappeenrannan Teknillinen Yliopisto filed Critical Lappeenrannan Teknillinen Yliopisto
Publication of WO2016139389A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016139389A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0442—Active magnetic bearings with devices affected by abnormal, undesired or non-standard conditions such as shock-load, power outage, start-up or touchdown
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C39/00—Relieving load on bearings
    • F16C39/02—Relieving load on bearings using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C39/00—Relieving load on bearings
    • F16C39/06—Relieving load on bearings using magnetic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/001—Integrated brakes or clutches for stopping or coupling the relatively movable parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F16C19/546—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
    • F16C19/547—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings
    • F16C19/548—Systems with spaced apart rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two angular contact rolling bearings in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C27/00—Elastic or yielding bearings or bearing supports, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C27/04—Ball or roller bearings, e.g. with resilient rolling bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C32/00—Bearings not otherwise provided for
    • F16C32/04—Bearings not otherwise provided for using magnetic or electric supporting means
    • F16C32/0406—Magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/044—Active magnetic bearings
    • F16C32/0474—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement
    • F16C32/0489—Active magnetic bearings for rotary movement with active support of five degrees of freedom, e.g. two radial magnetic bearings combined with an axial bearing

Definitions

  • the disclosure relates to a controllable bearing system for supporting a rotatable element, e.g. a rotor of an electrical machine. Furthermore, the disclosure relates a machine comprising main bearings for supporting a rotatable element and at least one controllable bearing system for supporting the rotatable element in a situation where the main bearings are non-operating.
  • the main bearings are arranged to rotatably support the rotatable element of the machine during normal operation, and the auxiliary bearings are arranged to rotatably support the rotatable element when the main bearings are non-operating.
  • the machine can be, for example, an electrical machine and the main bearings can be for example active magnetic bearings "AMB".
  • AMB active magnetic bearings
  • the magnetic bearings are non-operating in the sense that they are still active but their load-bearing capacity is exceeded.
  • the auxiliary bearings have to support the rotor.
  • a conventional approach is to use auxiliary bearings whose inner diameters are larger than the corresponding outer diameters of the shaft of the rotor. Therefore, in the normal operation, there are the required clearances between the auxiliary bearings and the shaft. If the active magnetic bearings shut down, the rotor drops on the auxiliary bearings and the auxiliary bearings provide a run-down of the rotor. However, depending on the rotational speed, geometrical and material properties, external forces, and/or other mechanical factors, once the rotor drops on the auxiliary bearings the rotor may get unstable and start to whirl when being sup- ported by the auxiliary bearings. This is a dangerous situation which may lead to high forces in the supporting mechanical structures and thereby may cause damages in the machine.
  • a controllable bearing system for supporting a rotatable element.
  • a controllable bearing system according to the invention comprises: - a bearing,
  • the controllable bearing system is suitable for operating as an auxiliary bearing that needs to be detached from the rotatable element during a normal operation and to support the rotatable element when main bearings, e.g. active magnetic bearings, are non-operating.
  • main bearings e.g. active magnetic bearings
  • the one or more electromagnets of the controllable bearing system are advantageously supplied with a same electric system which is arranged to supply the active magnetic bearings.
  • the one or more electromagnets of the controllable bearing system be- come inactive and the spring equipment drive the controllable bearing system to support the rotatable element.
  • Mutually contacting surfaces of the controllable bearing system and the rotating element are advantageous conical so as to provide a centering effect when the spring equipment make the controllable bearing system to support the rotatable element.
  • the auxiliary bearing system of the machine comprises one or more controllable bearing systems according to the invention.
  • the machine can be for example an electrical machine where the above- mentioned first element comprises the rotor of the electrical machine and the above-mentioned second element comprises the stator of the electrical machine.
  • the main bearing system of the machine can comprise for example active magnetic bearings "AMB".
  • figures 1 a, 1 b, and 1 c illustrate a controllable bearing system according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention
  • figure 2 shows a schematic illustration of a machine according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • Figures 1 a, 1 b, and 1 c illustrate a controllable bearing system 101 according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention for supporting a rotata- ble element 109.
  • Figure 1 a shows a view of a section taken along a line B-B shown in figure 1 c.
  • Figure 1 c shows a view of a section taken along a line A-A shown in figure 1 a.
  • Figure 1 b shows a view of a section corresponding to that shown in figure 1 a.
  • Figures 1 a and 1 b illustrate the controllable bearing system 101 in different operational situations.
  • the section plane is parallel with the yz-plane of a coordinate system 190
  • the section plane is parallel with the xy-plane of the coordinate system 190.
  • the controllable bearing system comprises a bearing 102 and first and second support elements 103 and 104 for mechanically supporting the bearing 102 so that the bearing is movable with respect to the rotatable element 109 in the axial direction of the bearing.
  • the axial direction is parallel with the z-axis of the coordinate system 190.
  • the bearing is a ball bearing that is advantageously a so called deep groove ball bearing so as to provide axial load-bearing capacity.
  • the bearing could as well be a combination of two different bearings where one of the bearing provides most of the axial load-bearing capacity and the other of the bearings provides most of the radial load-bearing capacity.
  • the controllable bearing system 101 comprises spring equipment for generating spring force for pressing the bearing 102 in the axial direction with respect to the rotatable element 109 so as to make the bearing 102 to support the rotatable ele- ment.
  • the bearing 102 is attached to the first support element 103 and the spring equipment comprises four compression springs between the first and second support elements 103 and 104.
  • each of the compression springs is a helical spring.
  • one of the helical springs is de- noted with a reference number 105. It is, however, to be noted that many kinds of spring equipment are possible.
  • the spring equipment is arranged to generate the above-mentioned spring force by pushing the support element 103 in the positive z-direction. It is also possible to use such spring equipment which is arranged to generate the above-mentioned spring force by pulling the support element 103 in the positive z-direction. In this case, the spring equipment comprises one or more extension springs pulling the support element 103 in the positive z-direction.
  • the controllable bearing system 101 comprises an electromagnet 106 for generating magnetic force directed against the above-mentioned spring force and for keeping the controllable bearing system detached from the rotatable element 109 when electrical current exceeding a pre-determined limit is supplied to the elec- tromagnet.
  • Figure 1 a illustrates a situation where there is no electrical current in the electromagnet 106 or where the electrical current is so small that the springs are capable of pressing the bearing 102 against the rotatable element 109.
  • Figure 1 b illustrates a situation where the electromagnet 106 generates magnetic force acting against the spring force and capable of keeping the bearing 102 detached from the rotatable element 109.
  • FIG 1 b exemplifying flux-lines of the magnetic flux generated by the electromagnet 106 is depicted with dashed lines.
  • the exemplifying and non-limiting controllable bearing system illustrated in figures 1 a-1 c comprises a conical surface 107 for supporting the rotatable element 109 so that the conical surface surrounds the rotatable element.
  • the rotatable element comprises advantageously a corresponding conical surface 1 16 that matches the conical surface 107 of the controllable bearing system.
  • the conical surface of the controllable bearing system is the inward surface of the inner ring of the bearing 102 but it is also possible that the inner ring of the bearing has a cylindrical inward surface and the controllable bearing system comprises a sleeve element whose outward surface is attached to the inward surface of the inner ring and whose inward surface is conical.
  • a winding 108 of the electromagnet 106 is attached to the second support element 104 with respect to which the bearing 102 is movable in the axial direction.
  • the winding of the electromagnet is attached to the first support element 103, i.e. to the same support element as the bearing.
  • the electromagnet 106 is rota- tionally symmetric with respect to the rotational axis of the bearing 102.
  • many kinds of electromagnet arrangements are possible.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic illustration of a machine according to an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention.
  • the machine comprises a first ele- ment 209, a second element 210, and a main bearing system for supporting the first element rotatably with respect to the second element.
  • the ma- chine comprises an auxiliary bearing system for supporting the first element rotat- ably with respect to the second element in a situation where the main bearing system is non-operating or the load-bearing capacity of the main bearing system is exceeded.
  • the machine is an elec- trical machine where the first element 209 comprises a rotor 217 of the electrical machine and the second element 210 comprises a stator 218 of the electrical machine.
  • the main bearing system comprises active magnetic bearings 21 1 and 212 each comprising a radial bearing section and an axial bearing section.
  • the auxiliary bearing system comprises controllable bearing systems 201 and 221 according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Each of the controllable bearing systems 201 and 221 can be for example such as the controllable bearing system 101 illustrated in figures 1 a-1 c.
  • a device that comprises the machine comprises a control system 213 for supplying electrical currents to the active magnetic bearings 21 1 and 212 to the electromagnets of the controllable bearing systems 201 and 221 .
  • the device can be, for example but not necessarily, a high-speed turbo-compressor.
  • the rotatable element 209 comprises a first conical contact surface 214 for contacting with the controllable bearing system 201 and a second conical contact surface 215 for contacting with the controllable bearing system 221 .
  • the contact surfaces 214 and 215 taper towards mutually opposite ends of the rotatable element 209 as shown in figure 2.
  • the controllable bearing system 201 comprises a first conical surface matching the contact surface 214 and, correspondingly, the controllable bearing system 221 comprises a second conical surface matching the contact surface 215.
  • the conical surfaces of the controllable bearing systems 201 and 221 engage the conical contact surfaces 214 and 215 of the rotata- ble element 209 and thus the rotatable element 209 stays centric during the rundown of the machine.
  • the above-described auxiliary bearing system provides centric positioning of the rotatable element 209 also when the machine is at rest so that the electricity is switched off. Therefore, it is possible to have smaller tolerances in an actuator, e.g. a turbine impeller and a turbine chamber, attached to the machine than in a case where radial movements of the rotatable element 209 are limited with auxiliary bearings that are fixed, i.e. non-movable, with respect to the rotatable element 209.
  • the non-alternating axial loads caused by the springs of the controllable bearing systems 201 and 221 are beneficial for the operation of the mechanical bearings of the controllable bearing systems.
  • Support elements 203 and 223 of the controllable bearing systems 201 and 221 are arranged to slide axially so that sufficient radial stiffness is provided and tilting is within an acceptable tolerance area.
  • the support elements 203 and 223 are advantageously mechanically constrained not to rotate because friction forces in the mechanical bearings of the controllable bearing systems try to rotate the support elements 203 and 223 during run-down.
  • the windings of the electromagnets of the controllable bearing systems 201 and 221 are connected in series with suitable windings of the active magnetic bearings 21 1 and 212 in order to ensure a fast response of the controllable bear- ing systems 201 and 221 in a case of a power loss in the active magnetic bearings 21 1 and 212.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de palier réglable servant à supporter un élément rotatif, comprenant un palier (102), un système de ressort (105), et au moins un électro-aimant (106). Le palier est supporté mécaniquement de façon à être mobile par rapport à l'élément rotatif dans la direction axiale du palier. Le système de ressort génère une force de ressort afin d'exercer une pression dans la direction axiale sur le palier de sorte que le système de palier supporte l'élément rotatif. L'électro-aimant est conçu pour générer une force magnétique dirigée à l'encontre de la force de ressort et maintenir le système de palier hors de contact avec l'élément rotatif. Un courant électrique de l'électro-aimant détermine si le système de palier supporte l'élément rotatif ou est hors de contact avec l'élément rotatif. Ainsi, le système de palier est approprié pour un palier auxiliaire qui doit être hors de contact avec l'élément rotatif pendant un fonctionnement normal et doit supporter l'élément rotatif lorsque des paliers principaux, tels que des paliers magnétiques, ne sont pas en fonctionnement.
PCT/FI2016/050050 2015-03-04 2016-01-28 Système de palier réglable WO2016139389A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20155143A FI125642B (en) 2015-03-04 2015-03-04 Steerable bearing system and machine with the same bearing system
FI20155143 2015-03-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016139389A1 true WO2016139389A1 (fr) 2016-09-09

Family

ID=55349868

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2016/050050 WO2016139389A1 (fr) 2015-03-04 2016-01-28 Système de palier réglable

Country Status (2)

Country Link
FI (1) FI125642B (fr)
WO (1) WO2016139389A1 (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997024535A1 (fr) * 1995-12-29 1997-07-10 United Technologies Automotive, Inc. Paliers de renfort pour le recentrage positif de paliers magnetiques
US20020181818A1 (en) * 2001-06-04 2002-12-05 Honeywell International, Inc. Touchdown bearing assembly with actuator ring assembly

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1997024535A1 (fr) * 1995-12-29 1997-07-10 United Technologies Automotive, Inc. Paliers de renfort pour le recentrage positif de paliers magnetiques
US20020181818A1 (en) * 2001-06-04 2002-12-05 Honeywell International, Inc. Touchdown bearing assembly with actuator ring assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI125642B (en) 2015-12-31

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