WO2016127841A1 - Charging protective circuit - Google Patents

Charging protective circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016127841A1
WO2016127841A1 PCT/CN2016/073029 CN2016073029W WO2016127841A1 WO 2016127841 A1 WO2016127841 A1 WO 2016127841A1 CN 2016073029 W CN2016073029 W CN 2016073029W WO 2016127841 A1 WO2016127841 A1 WO 2016127841A1
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Prior art keywords
resistor
circuit
transistor
battery
rectifier diode
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PCT/CN2016/073029
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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申勇兵
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申勇兵
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Publication of WO2016127841A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016127841A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging protection circuit, in particular to a charging protection circuit suitable for a constant current power source.
  • the conventional method of converting AC mains to low-voltage DC is to use a transformer to reduce voltage and then rectify and filter.
  • the simplest and most practical method is to use capacitor buck, direct coupling, etc. Press the power supply.
  • the overcharge-rechargeable battery has large environmental pollution. When no charging protection circuit is used, it can only estimate the charging time, is easy to overcharge, damages the battery, is not full of prompt information, and is inconvenient to use.
  • the ordinary battery charging protection circuit must increase the high-power voltage-stabilizing device, and has no cost advantage compared with the switching power supply step-down and the transformer step-down circuit.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a charging protection circuit which is simple in structure, low in cost, and can effectively introduce a charging current into other functional devices after the battery is fully charged.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
  • the charging protection circuit of the present invention comprises a power input terminal and a battery charging circuit, and further includes a reverse switching circuit, a battery overcharge detecting circuit and a battery over-flow circuit, wherein
  • the reverse switch circuit is turned on when the power input terminal is charged to the battery, and prevents the battery current from being reversely discharged when there is no current output at the power input end;
  • the battery overcharge detection circuit dynamically detects the potential value reached by the battery charging circuit to charge the battery, and after the battery is stored to the set value, turns on the connection between the power input terminal and the battery over-flow circuit;
  • the battery has a full flow circuit, and after the battery power is full, the current at the power input terminal is introduced into the functional device circuit including the LED display device, the heating device, or the small motor.
  • the reverse switch circuit has one end connected to the power input end and the other end connected to the positive output end of the battery charging circuit;
  • the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a transistor and/or a Zener diode and a voltage dividing circuit composed of a first resistor and a second resistor, and an output terminal thereof is connected to a start control terminal of the battery over-flow circuit;
  • the input end of the battery over-flow circuit is connected to the forward output end of the battery charging circuit, and the output end is connected to the functional device circuit.
  • the reverse switch circuit is a rectifier diode, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the power input end, and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the forward output end of the charging circuit;
  • the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of the first transistor and the first a resistor and a second resistor, wherein the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second transistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit at the power input end
  • the base of the first transistor is connected to the first resistor and the second resistor, the emitter is grounded, the collector is connected to the power input through the third resistor, and the other is connected through the fourth resistor.
  • the base of the second transistor is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier diode.
  • the reverse switch circuit is a rectifier diode, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the power input end, and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the forward output end of the charging circuit;
  • the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of the first transistor and the first a resistor and a second resistor, wherein the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second transistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit at the power input end Between the ground and the ground, the base of the first transistor is connected to the first resistor and the second resistor, and the emitter is grounded.
  • the collector is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode through the third resistor, and the fourth resistor is passed through the fourth resistor.
  • the collector of the second transistor is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the forward output of the charging circuit.
  • the first transistor is a 9014 model NPN tube
  • the second transistor is a Model 8550 PNP tube
  • the rectifier diode is a Model 4007 diode.
  • the reverse switch circuit is a rectifier circuit of the Model 4007, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the negative output terminal of the charging circuit through the ground end, and the negative terminal thereof is connected to the power input end;
  • the battery overcharge detection circuit is first a transistor, a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second transistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit
  • the base of the first transistor is connected to the connection point of the first resistor and the second resistor, the emitter is connected to the input end of the power source, and the collector is connected to the rectifier through the third resistor.
  • the anode of the diode is connected to the base of the second transistor through a fourth resistor, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the negative pole of the rectifier diode;
  • the first transistor is a 9015 model The PNP tube, the second transistor is an 8050 model NPN tube.
  • the reverse switch circuit is a rectifier diode, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the power input end, and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the forward output end of the charging circuit;
  • the battery overcharge detection circuit is controlled by a precision regulated source And a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second transistor,
  • the third resistor and the fourth resistor are configured, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit between the power input end and the ground end, and the reference pole of the controllable precision voltage regulator is connected to the first
  • the resistor is connected to the second resistor, the anode is grounded, the cathode is connected to the power input terminal through the third resistor, the other is connected to the base of the second transistor through the fourth resistor, and the collector of the second transistor is connected to the functional device.
  • the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier dio
  • the reverse switch circuit is a rectifier diode, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the power input end, the negative terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the forward output end of the charging circuit, and a switch circuit is further disposed between the power input end and the ground end.
  • the switch circuit is composed of a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor and a third transistor; the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a controllable precision voltage regulator source, a first resistor and a second resistor, and the battery over-flow circuit is composed of The second transistor, the third resistor and the fourth resistor are configured, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit between the anode of the rectifier diode and the collector of the third transistor, and the controllable precision is stable
  • the reference terminal of the voltage source is connected to the connection point of the first resistor and the second resistor, the anode is connected to the collector of the third transistor, the cathode is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode through the third resistor, and the other is connected to the cathode through the fourth resistor.
  • the base of the second transistor is connected to the functional electrical circuit, the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the forward output of the charging circuit;
  • the second transistor is the 8550 model The PNP tube, the third transistor is a 9014 model NPN tube.
  • the second transistor can be replaced with a field effect transistor of the type Z2301.
  • the present invention adds a battery overcharge detection circuit composed of a diode, a transistor, a MOS tube and a resistor and a battery over-flow circuit between a common step-down power source and a rechargeable battery used in a small home appliance, so that it can
  • the rechargeable battery is full (ie, when the set upper limit value of the stored power)
  • the power supply current is directed to other functional device circuits provided on the product, such as LED display lights, heaters, small motors, or small functional devices. So that the voltage of the rechargeable battery when charging is lower than or equal to the setting, ensuring charging The battery does not overcharge, effectively protecting the rechargeable battery and greatly extending the life of the rechargeable battery.
  • the invention has simple structure, and only uses ten small power components, which not only improves product performance, but also effectively reduces material cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is one of the schematic diagrams of the modified example of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2 is one of the schematic diagrams of the modified example of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of the circuit of the modified example of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of the circuit of the modified example of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the charging protection circuit of the present invention comprises a rectifying circuit connected to the input end, a capacitor step-down circuit and a battery charging circuit, and further comprising a reverse switching circuit disposed between the rectifying circuit and the battery charging circuit, a battery overcharge detecting circuit, and The battery has a full flow circuit, wherein
  • the reverse switching circuit can be a rectifier diode D1 and a MOS transistor Q4, and its function is to prevent reverse current discharge of the battery when not charging.
  • the component is the rectifier diode D1
  • the anode thereof is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit (also called the power input terminal).
  • the negative terminal is connected to the positive output terminal of the battery charging circuit;
  • the component is the MOS transistor Q4, the drain thereof is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit, and the source thereof is connected to the positive output terminal of the battery charging circuit, and the gate thereof
  • the pole is connected to the voltage divider circuit.
  • the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a transistor and/or a Zener diode and a voltage dividing circuit composed of a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, and an output terminal thereof is connected to a start control terminal of the battery over-flow circuit;
  • the input end of the battery over-flow circuit is connected to the forward output end of the battery charging circuit, and the output end is connected to the functional device circuit.
  • the reverse switch circuit is a rectifier circuit D1 of the 4007 model;
  • the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a first transistor Q1 of a 9014NPN type, a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, the battery
  • the full-flow circuit is composed of a second transistor Q2 of the 8550PNP type, a third resistor R3, and a fourth resistor R4, wherein the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit at the output end of the rectifier circuit.
  • the base of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the connection point of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the emitter thereof is grounded, and the collector is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit through the third resistor R3, and the other pass
  • the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2, the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the functional electrical circuit, the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier diode D1, and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode D1 is connected. At the positive output of the charging circuit.
  • the rectifier diode D1 When there is no input at the power supply terminal, no current flows through the voltage dividing circuit formed by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are turned off, and the rectifier diode D1 can prevent the battery current from flowing backward.
  • the power supply current charges the battery through the rectifier diode D1 (the positive terminal potential of the turned-on rectifier diode D1 is higher than the negative terminal potential by about 0.7V, that is, the potential of the positive terminal of the rectifier diode D1 is higher than the potential of the positive output terminal of the battery.
  • the voltage drop will be different according to different diodes, the voltage at the output of the rectifier circuit is always higher than the voltage drop of the diode by the voltage of the diode), the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are opposite to the power source.
  • the terminal voltage is divided, and the connected first transistor Q1 compares the voltage When the voltage is low, the first transistor Q1 is turned off, and the second transistor Q2 is also turned off.
  • the voltage reaches the junction voltage of the first transistor Q1 (about 0.6V) the first transistor Q1 is turned on and the second transistor Transistor Q2 is turned on and current is drawn from the collector of second transistor Q2 to the functional device circuit for consumption.
  • the functional device circuit includes an LED display device that reminds the user that the battery is full or a power consumption device such as a heating device or a small motor connected in parallel (such as the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11 in the figure).
  • the first transistor Q1 continuously adjusts the collector current sustain voltage at a set value. In such a circuit, since the junction voltage of the first transistor Q1 is easily changed by temperature change (the junction voltage is low when the temperature is high and the junction voltage is high when the temperature is low), the accuracy is slightly inferior, but the cost is low.
  • the present embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the rectifier diode D1 is different from the installation position of the first embodiment, and is a modification of the first embodiment.
  • the positive terminal of the rectifier diode D1 is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit, and the negative terminal thereof is connected to the emitter of the second transistor Q2.
  • the configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the arrangement position of the rectifier diode D1 and the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are different from those of the first embodiment.
  • the models of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are respectively a 9015 model PNP tube and an 8050 model NPN tube.
  • the positive terminal of the rectifier diode D1 in this embodiment is grounded; the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit between the output end of the rectifier circuit and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode D1, and the first transistor Q1
  • the base is connected to the connection point of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the emitter is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit, and the collector is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D1 through the third resistor R3, and the fourth resistor is passed through the fourth resistor.
  • R4 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2, and the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the functional device In the circuit, the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D1.
  • the present embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the controllable precision voltage regulator U1 of the type TL431 is used instead of the first transistor Q1.
  • the reference pole of the controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U1 is connected to the connection point of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the anode thereof is grounded, and the cathode is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit through the third resistor R3, and the fourth pass through the fourth The resistor R4 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2.
  • the accuracy is better.
  • this embodiment is a further modification of Embodiment 4.
  • a switch circuit is added between the output end of the rectifier circuit and the ground terminal, and the switch circuit is composed of a third transistor Q3,
  • the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 are combined, and the arrangement position of the rectifier diode D1 is different from that of the fourth embodiment.
  • the positive terminal of the rectifier diode D1 is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit;
  • the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a controllable precision voltage regulator source U1, a first resistor R1, and a second resistor R2.
  • the flow circuit is composed of a second transistor Q2, a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4, wherein the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit interposed between the negative electrode of the rectifier diode and the third transistor Q3.
  • the reference pole of the controllable precision voltage regulator U1 is connected to the connection point of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the anode thereof is connected to the collector of the third transistor Q3, and the cathode thereof is connected through the third resistor R3.
  • the other end of the rectifier diode D1 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2 through the fourth resistor R4, the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the positive of the charging circuit. To the output.
  • a field effect transistor can also be used instead of the third transistor Q3.
  • the embodiment has high precision and small temperature influence.
  • the circuit formed by the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 has no current flowing, the third transistor Q3 is turned off, and the voltage dividing circuit formed by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 has no current flowing.
  • Both the control precision voltage regulator source U1 and the second transistor Q2 do not operate, and the rectifier diode D1 prevents the battery current from flowing backward.
  • the power supply current charges the battery through the rectifier diode D1
  • the third transistor Q3 is turned on, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 divide the voltage of the power terminal, and the connected controllable precision voltage source U1 is connected. The voltage is compared.
  • the cathode current of the controllable precision voltage regulator U1 When the voltage is low, the cathode current of the controllable precision voltage regulator U1 is small, and the second transistor Q2 is turned off. When the battery voltage reaches the upper limit of the set value, the cathode current of the controllable precision voltage stabilization source U1 becomes larger, the second transistor Q2 is turned on, and the current flows from the collector of the second transistor Q2 to the functional device circuit.
  • the controllable precision voltage regulator U1 continuously adjusts the cathode current to maintain the voltage at the set value.
  • the rectifier diode D1, the first transistor Q1, and the second transistor Q2 can all be replaced by a field effect transistor, and the controllable precision voltage regulator source U1 can work. Lower cost of the same type of device replacement to improve charging efficiency.
  • the transistor can be replaced by an op amp voltage comparator, FET, etc., but there must be a reference source inside.
  • Capacitor step-down can be used for half-wave rectification, or bridge stack, etc., and safety devices such as fuses and lightning protection switches can be added.
  • the fourth resistor R4 acts as a current limiting component and may not be used.
  • All the switches K in the circuit of the present invention can be electronically switched, and can be added to a booster circuit or the like.
  • Rechargeable battery can be added with other protection circuits to achieve multiple protection.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A charging protective circuit is provided with a reverse switching circuit, a battery overcharging detection circuit, and a battery overcharging shunt circuit between a power supply input end and a battery charging circuit. When a rechargeable battery is charged completely, that is, a set charge capacity upper limit is reached, the charging protective circuit can guide a power supply current to another function device circuit disposed on the circuit, for example, an LED display light, a heater, a small motor, or a small device with some functions, so that a voltage of the rechargeable battery during charging is lower than or equal to a set value, it is ensured that a phenomenon of overcharging of the rechargeable battery does not occur, the rechargeable battery is effectively protected, and the service life of the rechargeable battery is greatly prolonged. The charging protective circuit is simple in structure, and uses only a dozen of small power components, so that product performance is improved, and material costs can also be effectively reduced.

Description

充电保护电路Charging protection circuit 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种充电保护电路，特别涉及一种适用于恒流电源的充电保护电路。The invention relates to a charging protection circuit, in particular to a charging protection circuit suitable for a constant current power source.
背景技术Background technique
将交流市电转换为低压直流的常规方法是采用变压器降压后再整流滤波，当受体积和成本等因素的限制时，最简单实用的方法就是采用电容降压式、直接耦合式等普通降压电源。The conventional method of converting AC mains to low-voltage DC is to use a transformer to reduce voltage and then rectify and filter. When limited by factors such as volume and cost, the simplest and most practical method is to use capacitor buck, direct coupling, etc. Press the power supply.
现有技术中采用普通降压充电的小家电，如电筒、插卡音箱、蓝牙音箱、收音机等，都使用耐过充的铅酸蓄电池或镍镉电池，基本没有充电保护电路。普通的降压充电使用普通电池充电保护电路，必须增加大功率稳压器件。上述结构存在如下不足：In the prior art, small household appliances that use ordinary step-down charging, such as flashlights, card speakers, bluetooth speakers, radios, etc., all use an overcharge-resistant lead-acid battery or a nickel-cadmium battery, and basically have no charging protection circuit. Ordinary buck charging uses an ordinary battery charging protection circuit, and a high-power voltage regulator device must be added. The above structure has the following disadvantages:
1)所述耐过充充电电池，对环境污染大，没有充电保护电路使用时，只能估算充电时间，容易过充，损害电池，没有充满提示信息，使用不方便。1) The overcharge-rechargeable battery has large environmental pollution. When no charging protection circuit is used, it can only estimate the charging time, is easy to overcharge, damages the battery, is not full of prompt information, and is inconvenient to use.
2)所述普通电池充电保护电路，必须增加大功率稳压器件，与开关电源降压和变压器降压电路相比较，没有成本优势。2) The ordinary battery charging protection circuit must increase the high-power voltage-stabilizing device, and has no cost advantage compared with the switching power supply step-down and the transformer step-down circuit.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种结构简单、成本低且在电池被充满后能有效将充电电流导入其它功能器件的充电保护电路。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a charging protection circuit which is simple in structure, low in cost, and can effectively introduce a charging current into other functional devices after the battery is fully charged.
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案为： In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
本发明的充电保护电路，包括电源输入端、电池充电电路，还包括反向开关电路、电池过充检测电路和电池过充分流电路，其中，The charging protection circuit of the present invention comprises a power input terminal and a battery charging circuit, and further includes a reverse switching circuit, a battery overcharge detecting circuit and a battery over-flow circuit, wherein
反向开关电路，在电源输入端向电池充电时导通，在电源输入端无电流输出时，防止电池电流逆向泄流；The reverse switch circuit is turned on when the power input terminal is charged to the battery, and prevents the battery current from being reversely discharged when there is no current output at the power input end;
电池过充检测电路，动态检测电池充电电路向电池充电所达到的电位值并在电池储能至设定值后，导通电源输入端与所述电池过充分流电路的连接；The battery overcharge detection circuit dynamically detects the potential value reached by the battery charging circuit to charge the battery, and after the battery is stored to the set value, turns on the connection between the power input terminal and the battery over-flow circuit;
电池过充分流电路，在电池电能充满后，将电源输入端的电流引入包含LED显示器件、加热器件或小电机在内的功能器件电路。The battery has a full flow circuit, and after the battery power is full, the current at the power input terminal is introduced into the functional device circuit including the LED display device, the heating device, or the small motor.
所述反向开关电路的一端接于电源输入端，其另一端接于电池充电电路的正向输出端；The reverse switch circuit has one end connected to the power input end and the other end connected to the positive output end of the battery charging circuit;
所述电池过充检测电路由晶体管和/或稳压管以及第一电阻和第二电阻组成的分压电路构成，其输出端接于所述电池过充分流电路的启动控制端；The battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a transistor and/or a Zener diode and a voltage dividing circuit composed of a first resistor and a second resistor, and an output terminal thereof is connected to a start control terminal of the battery over-flow circuit;
所述电池过充分流电路的输入端接于电池充电电路的正向输出端，其输出端接于功能器件电路。The input end of the battery over-flow circuit is connected to the forward output end of the battery charging circuit, and the output end is connected to the functional device circuit.
所述反向开关电路为整流二极管，整流二极管的正端接于电源输入端，整流二极管的负端接于充电电路的正向输出端；所述电池过充检测电路由第一晶体管、第一电阻和第二电阻构成，所述电池过充分流电路由第二晶体管、第三电阻和第四电阻构成，其中，第一电阻和第二电阻串接构成分压电路介于所述电源输入端与地端之间，第一晶体管的基极接于第一电阻与第二电阻连接点，其发射极接地，其集电极一路通过第三电阻接于电源输入端，另一路通过第四电阻接于第二晶体管的基极，第二晶体管的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管的发射极接于整流二极管的正端。 The reverse switch circuit is a rectifier diode, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the power input end, and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the forward output end of the charging circuit; the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of the first transistor and the first a resistor and a second resistor, wherein the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second transistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit at the power input end Between the ground and the ground, the base of the first transistor is connected to the first resistor and the second resistor, the emitter is grounded, the collector is connected to the power input through the third resistor, and the other is connected through the fourth resistor. The base of the second transistor is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier diode.
所述反向开关电路为整流二极管，整流二极管的正端接于电源输入端，整流二极管的负端接于充电电路的正向输出端；所述电池过充检测电路由第一晶体管、第一电阻和第二电阻构成，所述电池过充分流电路由第二晶体管、第三电阻和第四电阻构成，其中，第一电阻和第二电阻串接构成分压电路介于所述电源输入端与地端之间，第一晶体管的基极接于第一电阻与第二电阻连接点，其发射极接地，其集电极一路通过第三电阻接于整流二极管的负极，另一路通过第四电阻接于第二晶体管的基极，第二晶体管的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管的发射极接于充电电路的正向输出端。The reverse switch circuit is a rectifier diode, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the power input end, and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the forward output end of the charging circuit; the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of the first transistor and the first a resistor and a second resistor, wherein the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second transistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit at the power input end Between the ground and the ground, the base of the first transistor is connected to the first resistor and the second resistor, and the emitter is grounded. The collector is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode through the third resistor, and the fourth resistor is passed through the fourth resistor. Connected to the base of the second transistor, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the forward output of the charging circuit.
第一晶体管为9014型号的NPN管，第二晶体管为8550型号的PNP管，所述整流二极管为4007型号的二极管。The first transistor is a 9014 model NPN tube, the second transistor is a Model 8550 PNP tube, and the rectifier diode is a Model 4007 diode.
所述反向开关电路为4007型号的整流二极管，整流二极管的正端通过地端接于充电电路的负向输出端，其负端接于电源输入端；所述电池过充检测电路由第一晶体管、第一电阻和第二电阻构成，所述电池过充分流电路由第二晶体管、第三电阻和第四电阻构成，其中，第一电阻和第二电阻串接构成分压电路介于所述电源输入端与整流二极管负端之间，第一晶体管的基极接于第一电阻与第二电阻连接点，其发射极接于电源输入端，其集电极一路通过第三电阻接于整流二极管的负极，另一路通过第四电阻接于第二晶体管的基极，第二晶体管的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管的发射极接于整流二极管的负极；第一晶体管为9015型号的PNP管，第二晶体管为8050型号的NPN管。The reverse switch circuit is a rectifier circuit of the Model 4007, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the negative output terminal of the charging circuit through the ground end, and the negative terminal thereof is connected to the power input end; the battery overcharge detection circuit is first a transistor, a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second transistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit Between the power input end and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode, the base of the first transistor is connected to the connection point of the first resistor and the second resistor, the emitter is connected to the input end of the power source, and the collector is connected to the rectifier through the third resistor. The anode of the diode is connected to the base of the second transistor through a fourth resistor, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the negative pole of the rectifier diode; the first transistor is a 9015 model The PNP tube, the second transistor is an 8050 model NPN tube.
所述反向开关电路为整流二极管，整流二极管的正端接于电源输入端，整流二极管的负端接于充电电路的正向输出端；所述电池过充检测电路由可控精密稳压源、第一电阻和第二电阻构成，所述电池过充分流电路由第二晶体管、 第三电阻和第四电阻构成，其中，第一电阻和第二电阻串接构成分压电路介于所述电源输入端与地端之间，可控精密稳压源的参考极接于第一电阻与第二电阻连接点，其阳极接地，其阴极一路通过第三电阻接于电源输入端，另一路通过第四电阻接于第二晶体管的基极，第二晶体管的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管的发射极接于整流二极管的正端，第二晶体管为8550型号的PNP管。The reverse switch circuit is a rectifier diode, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the power input end, and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the forward output end of the charging circuit; the battery overcharge detection circuit is controlled by a precision regulated source And a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second transistor, The third resistor and the fourth resistor are configured, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit between the power input end and the ground end, and the reference pole of the controllable precision voltage regulator is connected to the first The resistor is connected to the second resistor, the anode is grounded, the cathode is connected to the power input terminal through the third resistor, the other is connected to the base of the second transistor through the fourth resistor, and the collector of the second transistor is connected to the functional device. In the circuit, the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier diode, and the second transistor is a PNP tube of the 8550 model.
所述反向开关电路为整流二极管，整流二极管的正端接于电源输入端，整流二极管的负端接于充电电路的正向输出端，在电源输入端与地端之间还设有一开关电路，该开关电路由第五电阻、第六电阻和第三晶体管构成；所述电池过充检测电路由可控精密稳压源、第一电阻和第二电阻构成，所述电池过充分流电路由第二晶体管、第三电阻和第四电阻构成，其中，第一电阻和第二电阻串接构成分压电路介于所述整流二极管的负极与第三晶体管的集电极之间，可控精密稳压源的参考极接于第一电阻与第二电阻连接点，其阳极接于第三晶体管的集电极，其阴极一路通过第三电阻接于整流二极管的负极，另一路通过第四电阻接于第二晶体管的基极，第二晶体管的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管的发射极接于充电电路的正向输出端；第二晶体管为8550型号的PNP管，第三晶体管为9014型号的NPN管。The reverse switch circuit is a rectifier diode, the positive terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the power input end, the negative terminal of the rectifier diode is connected to the forward output end of the charging circuit, and a switch circuit is further disposed between the power input end and the ground end. The switch circuit is composed of a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor and a third transistor; the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a controllable precision voltage regulator source, a first resistor and a second resistor, and the battery over-flow circuit is composed of The second transistor, the third resistor and the fourth resistor are configured, wherein the first resistor and the second resistor are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit between the anode of the rectifier diode and the collector of the third transistor, and the controllable precision is stable The reference terminal of the voltage source is connected to the connection point of the first resistor and the second resistor, the anode is connected to the collector of the third transistor, the cathode is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode through the third resistor, and the other is connected to the cathode through the fourth resistor. The base of the second transistor, the collector of the second transistor is connected to the functional electrical circuit, the emitter of the second transistor is connected to the forward output of the charging circuit; the second transistor is the 8550 model The PNP tube, the third transistor is a 9014 model NPN tube.
所述第二晶体管可用型号为Z2301的场效应管替代。The second transistor can be replaced with a field effect transistor of the type Z2301.
与现有技术相比，本发明在小家电所用的普通降压电源与充电电池之间增设由二极管、晶体管、MOS管和电阻构成的电池过充检测电路和电池过充分流电路，使得其能够在所述充电电池充满时(即设定的储电量上限值时)，将电源电流引导至该产品上设置的其它功能器件电路，如LED显示灯、加热器、小马达或小部分功能器件，以使充电电池在充电时的电压低于或等于设定置，确保充 电电池不会出现过度充电的现象，有效保护充电电池，大大延长了充电电池使用寿命。本发明结构简单，其仅用十来个小功率元器件，其既提高了产品性能，又可有效降低材料成本。Compared with the prior art, the present invention adds a battery overcharge detection circuit composed of a diode, a transistor, a MOS tube and a resistor and a battery over-flow circuit between a common step-down power source and a rechargeable battery used in a small home appliance, so that it can When the rechargeable battery is full (ie, when the set upper limit value of the stored power), the power supply current is directed to other functional device circuits provided on the product, such as LED display lights, heaters, small motors, or small functional devices. So that the voltage of the rechargeable battery when charging is lower than or equal to the setting, ensuring charging The battery does not overcharge, effectively protecting the rechargeable battery and greatly extending the life of the rechargeable battery. The invention has simple structure, and only uses ten small power components, which not only improves product performance, but also effectively reduces material cost.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为本发明的实施例1电路原理图。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
图2为图1的变形实例电路原理图之一。FIG. 2 is one of the schematic diagrams of the modified example of FIG. 1. FIG.
图3为图1的变形实例电路原理图之二。FIG. 3 is a second schematic diagram of the circuit of the modified example of FIG. 1. FIG.
图4为本发明的实施例2电路原理图。Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
图5为本发明的实施例3电路原理图。Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
附图标记如下：The reference numerals are as follows:
第一晶体管Q1、第二晶体管Q2、第三晶体管Q3、可控精密稳压源U1、整流二极管D1、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3、第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6、第十电阻R10、第十一电阻R11。The first transistor Q1, the second transistor Q2, the third transistor Q3, the controllable precision voltage regulator U1, the rectifier diode D1, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4, and the fifth resistor R5, sixth resistor R6, tenth resistor R10, and eleventh resistor R11.
具体实施方式detailed description
本发明的充电保护电路包括与输入端相接的整流电路、电容降压电路和电池充电电路，其还包括设置于整流电路与电池充电电路之间的反向开关电路、电池过充检测电路和电池过充分流电路，其中，The charging protection circuit of the present invention comprises a rectifying circuit connected to the input end, a capacitor step-down circuit and a battery charging circuit, and further comprising a reverse switching circuit disposed between the rectifying circuit and the battery charging circuit, a battery overcharge detecting circuit, and The battery has a full flow circuit, wherein
反向开关电路可以为整流二极管D1、MOS管Q4，其作用是不充电时防止电池电流反向放电，该元件为整流二极管D1时，其正极接于整流电路的输出端(又称电源输入端)，其负极接于电池充电电路的正向输出端；该元件为MOS管Q4时，其漏极接于整流电路的输出端，其源极接于电池充电电路的正向输出端，其栅极接于分压电路。 The reverse switching circuit can be a rectifier diode D1 and a MOS transistor Q4, and its function is to prevent reverse current discharge of the battery when not charging. When the component is the rectifier diode D1, the anode thereof is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit (also called the power input terminal). The negative terminal is connected to the positive output terminal of the battery charging circuit; when the component is the MOS transistor Q4, the drain thereof is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit, and the source thereof is connected to the positive output terminal of the battery charging circuit, and the gate thereof The pole is connected to the voltage divider circuit.
所述电池过充检测电路由晶体管和/或稳压管以及第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2组成的分压电路构成，其输出端接于所述电池过充分流电路的启动控制端；The battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a transistor and/or a Zener diode and a voltage dividing circuit composed of a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, and an output terminal thereof is connected to a start control terminal of the battery over-flow circuit;
所述电池过充分流电路的输入端接于电池充电电路的正向输出端，其输出端接于功能器件电路。The input end of the battery over-flow circuit is connected to the forward output end of the battery charging circuit, and the output end is connected to the functional device circuit.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，所述反向开关电路为4007型号的整流二极管D1；所述电池过充检测电路由9014NPN型的第一晶体管Q1、第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2构成，所述电池过充分流电路由8550PNP型的第二晶体管Q2、第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4构成，其中，第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2串接构成分压电路介于所述整流电路输出端与地端之间，第一晶体管Q1的基极接于第一电阻R1与第二电阻R2连接点，其发射极接地，其集电极一路通过第三电阻R3接于整流电路输出端，另一路通过第四电阻R4接于第二晶体管Q2的基极，第二晶体管Q2的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管Q2的发射极接于整流二极管D1的正端，整流二极管D1的负端接于充电电路的正向输出端。As shown in FIG. 1, the reverse switch circuit is a rectifier circuit D1 of the 4007 model; the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a first transistor Q1 of a 9014NPN type, a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2, the battery The full-flow circuit is composed of a second transistor Q2 of the 8550PNP type, a third resistor R3, and a fourth resistor R4, wherein the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit at the output end of the rectifier circuit. Between the ground terminals, the base of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the connection point of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the emitter thereof is grounded, and the collector is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit through the third resistor R3, and the other pass The fourth resistor R4 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2, the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the functional electrical circuit, the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier diode D1, and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode D1 is connected. At the positive output of the charging circuit.
其工作原理：How it works:
当电源端没有输入时，第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2构成的分压电路无电流流过，第一晶体管Q1、第二晶体管Q2截止不工作，整流二极管D1可防止电池电流倒流。当AC电源连接时，电源电流通过整流二极管D1对电池充电(导通的整流二极管D1正端电位比负端电位高出约0.7V，即整流二极管D1正端的电位比电池正向输出端的电位会固定高出约0.7V的压降，该压降根据不同的二极管会有所不同，整流电路输出端电压始终比电池电压高一个二极管的压降)，第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2对电源端电压分压，连接的第一晶体管Q1对电压进行比 较，当电压较低时，第一晶体管Q1截止,第二晶体管Q2也截止，当电压达到第一晶体管Q1的结电压(约0.6V)导通值时，第一晶体管Q1导通和第二晶体管Q2导通，电流从第二晶体管Q2集电极流到功能器件电路加以消耗。所述功能器件电路包括提醒用户电池已充满的LED显示器件或与其并联的加热器件或小电机等功耗器件(如图中的第十电阻R10和第十一电阻R11)进行消耗。第一晶体管Q1会连续调整集电极电流维持电压在设定值。这种电路由于第一晶体管Q1的结电压容易受温度变化而变化(温度高时结电压低，温度低时结电压高)，因此，其精度稍差，但成本较低。When there is no input at the power supply terminal, no current flows through the voltage dividing circuit formed by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are turned off, and the rectifier diode D1 can prevent the battery current from flowing backward. When the AC power is connected, the power supply current charges the battery through the rectifier diode D1 (the positive terminal potential of the turned-on rectifier diode D1 is higher than the negative terminal potential by about 0.7V, that is, the potential of the positive terminal of the rectifier diode D1 is higher than the potential of the positive output terminal of the battery. Fixed a voltage drop higher than about 0.7V, the voltage drop will be different according to different diodes, the voltage at the output of the rectifier circuit is always higher than the voltage drop of the diode by the voltage of the diode), the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are opposite to the power source. The terminal voltage is divided, and the connected first transistor Q1 compares the voltage When the voltage is low, the first transistor Q1 is turned off, and the second transistor Q2 is also turned off. When the voltage reaches the junction voltage of the first transistor Q1 (about 0.6V), the first transistor Q1 is turned on and the second transistor Transistor Q2 is turned on and current is drawn from the collector of second transistor Q2 to the functional device circuit for consumption. The functional device circuit includes an LED display device that reminds the user that the battery is full or a power consumption device such as a heating device or a small motor connected in parallel (such as the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11 in the figure). The first transistor Q1 continuously adjusts the collector current sustain voltage at a set value. In such a circuit, since the junction voltage of the first transistor Q1 is easily changed by temperature change (the junction voltage is low when the temperature is high and the junction voltage is high when the temperature is low), the accuracy is slightly inferior, but the cost is low.
实施例2Example 2
如图2所示，本实施例除整流二极管D1与实施例1的设置位置不同外，其它结构与实施例1相同，其是实施例1的一种变形方案。其中，整流二极管D1的正端接于整流电路的输出端，其负端接于第二晶体管Q2的发射极。As shown in FIG. 2, the present embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the rectifier diode D1 is different from the installation position of the first embodiment, and is a modification of the first embodiment. The positive terminal of the rectifier diode D1 is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit, and the negative terminal thereof is connected to the emitter of the second transistor Q2.
实施例3Example 3
如图3所示，本实施例除整流二极管D1的设置位置和第一晶体管Q1、第二晶体管Q2的型号与实施例1的不同外，其它结构与实施例1相同，其是实施例1的一种变形方案。其中，第一晶体管Q1、第二晶体管Q2的型号分别为9015型号的PNP管、8050型号的NPN管。As shown in FIG. 3, the configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except that the arrangement position of the rectifier diode D1 and the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are different from those of the first embodiment. A variant. The models of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2 are respectively a 9015 model PNP tube and an 8050 model NPN tube.
该实施例中的整流二极管D1的正端接地；第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2串接构成分压电路介于所述整流电路输出端与整流二极管D1负端之间，第一晶体管Q1的基极接于第一电阻R1与第二电阻R2连接点，其发射极接于整流电路的输出端，其集电极一路通过第三电阻R3接于整流二极管D1的负极，另一路通过第四电阻R4接于第二晶体管Q2的基极，第二晶体管Q2的集电极接于功能电器 电路，第二晶体管Q2的发射极接于整流二极管D1的负极。The positive terminal of the rectifier diode D1 in this embodiment is grounded; the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit between the output end of the rectifier circuit and the negative terminal of the rectifier diode D1, and the first transistor Q1 The base is connected to the connection point of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the emitter is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit, and the collector is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D1 through the third resistor R3, and the fourth resistor is passed through the fourth resistor. R4 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2, and the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the functional device In the circuit, the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D1.
实施例4Example 4
如图4所示，本实施例除用型号为TL431的可控精密稳压源U1取代第一晶体管Q1外，其它结构与实施例1相同。其中，可控精密稳压源U1的参考极接于第一电阻R1与第二电阻R2连接点，其阳极接地，其阴极一路通过第三电阻R3接于整流电路输出端，另一路通过第四电阻R4接于第二晶体管Q2的基极。As shown in FIG. 4, the present embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that the controllable precision voltage regulator U1 of the type TL431 is used instead of the first transistor Q1. Wherein, the reference pole of the controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U1 is connected to the connection point of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the anode thereof is grounded, and the cathode is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit through the third resistor R3, and the fourth pass through the fourth The resistor R4 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2.
与实施例1相比，精确度好点。Compared with the embodiment 1, the accuracy is better.
其工作原理：How it works:
与实施例1相同。The same as in the first embodiment.
实施例5Example 5
如图5所示，本实施例是实施例4的进一步变形，其在实施例4的基础上整流电路输出端与地端之间增设了一个开关电路，该开关电路由第三晶体管Q3、第五电阻R5和第六电阻R6组成，另外，整流二极管D1的设置位置与实施例4不同。其中，所述整流二极管D1的正端接于整流电路的输出端；所述电池过充检测电路由可控精密稳压源U1、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2构成，所述电池过充分流电路由第二晶体管Q2、第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4构成，其中，第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2串接构成分压电路介于所述整流二极管的负极与第三晶体管Q3的集电极之间，可控精密稳压源U1的参考极接于第一电阻R1与第二电阻R2连接点，其阳极接于第三晶体管Q3的集电极，其阴极一路通过第三电阻R3接于整流二极管D1的负极，另一路通过第四电阻R4接于第二晶体管Q2的基极，第二晶体管Q2的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管Q2的发射极接于充电电路的正向输出端。 As shown in FIG. 5, this embodiment is a further modification of Embodiment 4. On the basis of Embodiment 4, a switch circuit is added between the output end of the rectifier circuit and the ground terminal, and the switch circuit is composed of a third transistor Q3, The fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 are combined, and the arrangement position of the rectifier diode D1 is different from that of the fourth embodiment. The positive terminal of the rectifier diode D1 is connected to the output end of the rectifier circuit; the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a controllable precision voltage regulator source U1, a first resistor R1, and a second resistor R2. The flow circuit is composed of a second transistor Q2, a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4, wherein the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit interposed between the negative electrode of the rectifier diode and the third transistor Q3. Between the collectors, the reference pole of the controllable precision voltage regulator U1 is connected to the connection point of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, and the anode thereof is connected to the collector of the third transistor Q3, and the cathode thereof is connected through the third resistor R3. The other end of the rectifier diode D1 is connected to the base of the second transistor Q2 through the fourth resistor R4, the collector of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to the positive of the charging circuit. To the output.
在本实施例中，也可采用场效应管替代第三晶体管Q3。In this embodiment, a field effect transistor can also be used instead of the third transistor Q3.
与实施例4相比，本实施例精确度高，温度影响小。Compared with the embodiment 4, the embodiment has high precision and small temperature influence.
其工作原理：How it works:
当电源端没有输入时，第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6构成的电路无电流流过，第三晶体管Q3截止，第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2构成的分压电路无电流流过，可控精密稳压源U1和第二晶体管Q2均不工作，整流二极管D1可防止电池电流倒流。当AC电源连接时，电源电流通过整流二极管D1对电池充电，同时第三晶体管Q3导通，第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2对电源端电压分压，连接的可控精密稳压源U1对电压进行比较，当电压较低时可控精密稳压源U1的阴极电流较小，第二晶体管Q2截止。当电池电压达到设定值上限时，可控精密稳压源U1阴极电流变大，第二晶体管Q2导通，电流从第二晶体管Q2集电极流到功能器件电路。可控精密稳压源U1会连续调整阴极电流维持电压在设定值。When there is no input at the power terminal, the circuit formed by the fifth resistor R5 and the sixth resistor R6 has no current flowing, the third transistor Q3 is turned off, and the voltage dividing circuit formed by the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 has no current flowing. Both the control precision voltage regulator source U1 and the second transistor Q2 do not operate, and the rectifier diode D1 prevents the battery current from flowing backward. When the AC power is connected, the power supply current charges the battery through the rectifier diode D1, and the third transistor Q3 is turned on, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 divide the voltage of the power terminal, and the connected controllable precision voltage source U1 is connected. The voltage is compared. When the voltage is low, the cathode current of the controllable precision voltage regulator U1 is small, and the second transistor Q2 is turned off. When the battery voltage reaches the upper limit of the set value, the cathode current of the controllable precision voltage stabilization source U1 becomes larger, the second transistor Q2 is turned on, and the current flows from the collector of the second transistor Q2 to the functional device circuit. The controllable precision voltage regulator U1 continuously adjusts the cathode current to maintain the voltage at the set value.
特殊说明：Special Instructions:
1)当在电源输入加入外置充电接口(如太阳能充电接口)时，整流二极管D1、第一晶体管Q1、第二晶体管Q2都可以采用场效应管取代，可控精密稳压源U1可以用功耗更低的同类型器件取代，以提高充电效率。1) When an external charging interface (such as a solar charging interface) is added to the power input, the rectifier diode D1, the first transistor Q1, and the second transistor Q2 can all be replaced by a field effect transistor, and the controllable precision voltage regulator source U1 can work. Lower cost of the same type of device replacement to improve charging efficiency.
2)如果制作专用集成电路，晶体管都可以用运放电压比较器、场效应管等取代，但其内部必须有一个基准源。2) If an ASIC is fabricated, the transistor can be replaced by an op amp voltage comparator, FET, etc., but there must be a reference source inside.
3)电容降压可以用半波整流，或桥堆等，可以加设保险管，防***开关等安全器件。3) Capacitor step-down can be used for half-wave rectification, or bridge stack, etc., and safety devices such as fuses and lightning protection switches can be added.
4)第四电阻R4作为限流元件，可以不要。4) The fourth resistor R4 acts as a current limiting component and may not be used.
5)本发明电路中的所有开关K可以用电子开关，可以加入升压电路等。 5) All the switches K in the circuit of the present invention can be electronically switched, and can be added to a booster circuit or the like.
6)充电电池可以再增加其它保护电路，实现多重保护。 6) Rechargeable battery can be added with other protection circuits to achieve multiple protection.

Claims (9)

  1. 一种充电保护电路，包括电源输入端、电池充电电路，其特征在于：还包括反向开关电路、电池过充检测电路和电池过充分流电路，其中，A charging protection circuit includes a power input terminal and a battery charging circuit, and is characterized in that: a reverse switching circuit, a battery overcharge detecting circuit, and a battery over-flow circuit, wherein
    反向开关电路，在电源输入端向电池充电时导通，在电源输入端无电流输出时，防止电池电流逆向泄流；The reverse switch circuit is turned on when the power input terminal is charged to the battery, and prevents the battery current from being reversely discharged when there is no current output at the power input end;
    电池过充检测电路，动态检测电池充电电路向电池充电所达到的电位值并在电池储能至设定值后，导通电源输入端与所述电池过充分流电路的连接；The battery overcharge detection circuit dynamically detects the potential value reached by the battery charging circuit to charge the battery, and after the battery is stored to the set value, turns on the connection between the power input terminal and the battery over-flow circuit;
    电池过充分流电路，在电池电能充满后，将电源输入端的电流引入包含LED显示器件、加热器件或小电机在内的功能器件电路。The battery has a full flow circuit, and after the battery power is full, the current at the power input terminal is introduced into the functional device circuit including the LED display device, the heating device, or the small motor.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的充电保护电路，其特征在于：所述反向开关电路的一端接于电源输入端，其另一端接于电池充电电路的正向输出端；The charging protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein one end of the reverse switching circuit is connected to the power input end, and the other end of the reverse switching circuit is connected to the positive output end of the battery charging circuit;
    所述电池过充检测电路由晶体管和/或稳压管以及第一电阻(R1)和第二电阻(R2)组成的分压电路构成，其输出端接于所述电池过充分流电路的启动控制端；The battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a transistor and/or a Zener diode and a voltage dividing circuit composed of a first resistor (R1) and a second resistor (R2), and an output terminal thereof is connected to the battery full-flow circuit. Control terminal;
    所述电池过充分流电路的输入端接于电池充电电路的正向输出端，其输出端接于功能器件电路。The input end of the battery over-flow circuit is connected to the forward output end of the battery charging circuit, and the output end is connected to the functional device circuit.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的充电保护电路，其特征在于：所述反向开关电路为整流二极管(D1)，整流二极管(D1)的正端接于电源输入端，整流二极管(D1)的负端接于充电电路的正向输出端；所述电池过充检测电路由第一晶体管(Q1)、第一电阻(R1)和第二电阻(R2)构成，所述电池过充分流电路由第二晶体管(Q2)、第三电阻(R3)和第四电阻(R4)构成，其中，第一电阻(R1)和第二 电阻(R2)串接构成分压电路介于所述电源输入端与地端之间，第一晶体管(Q1)的基极接于第一电阻(R1)与第二电阻(R2)连接点，其发射极接地，其集电极一路通过第三电阻(R3)接于电源输入端，另一路通过第四电阻(R4)接于第二晶体管(Q2)的基极，第二晶体管(Q2)的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管(Q2)的发射极接于整流二极管(D1)的正端。The charging protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the reverse switching circuit is a rectifier diode (D1), and a positive terminal of the rectifier diode (D1) is connected to a power input end, and a negative terminal of the rectifier diode (D1) Connected to a forward output terminal of the charging circuit; the battery overcharge detecting circuit is composed of a first transistor (Q1), a first resistor (R1) and a second resistor (R2), and the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second a transistor (Q2), a third resistor (R3), and a fourth resistor (R4), wherein the first resistor (R1) and the second The resistor (R2) is connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit between the power input end and the ground end, and the base of the first transistor (Q1) is connected to the connection point of the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2). The emitter is grounded, the collector is connected to the power input through a third resistor (R3), and the other is connected to the base of the second transistor (Q2) through a fourth resistor (R4), and the second transistor (Q2) The collector is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the emitter of the second transistor (Q2) is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier diode (D1).
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的充电保护电路，其特征在于：所述反向开关电路为整流二极管(D1)，整流二极管(D1)的正端接于电源输入端，整流二极管(D1)的负端接于充电电路的正向输出端；所述电池过充检测电路由第一晶体管(Q1)、第一电阻(R1)和第二电阻(R2)构成，所述电池过充分流电路由第二晶体管(Q2)、第三电阻(R3)和第四电阻(R4)构成，其中，第一电阻(R1)和第二电阻(R2)串接构成分压电路介于所述电源输入端与地端之间，第一晶体管(Q1)的基极接于第一电阻(R1)与第二电阻(R2)连接点，其发射极接地，其集电极一路通过第三电阻(R3)接于整流二极管(D1)的负极，另一路通过第四电阻(R4)接于第二晶体管(Q2)的基极，第二晶体管(Q2)的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管(Q2)的发射极接于充电电路的正向输出端。The charging protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the reverse switching circuit is a rectifier diode (D1), and a positive terminal of the rectifier diode (D1) is connected to a power input end, and a negative terminal of the rectifier diode (D1) Connected to a forward output terminal of the charging circuit; the battery overcharge detecting circuit is composed of a first transistor (Q1), a first resistor (R1) and a second resistor (R2), and the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second The transistor (Q2), the third resistor (R3) and the fourth resistor (R4) are configured, wherein the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2) are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit between the power input end and the ground Between the terminals, the base of the first transistor (Q1) is connected to the connection point of the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2), the emitter thereof is grounded, and the collector is connected to the rectifier through the third resistor (R3). The negative pole of the diode (D1) is connected to the base of the second transistor (Q2) through the fourth resistor (R4), the collector of the second transistor (Q2) is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the second transistor (Q2) The emitter is connected to the forward output of the charging circuit.
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的充电保护电路，其特征在于：第一晶体管(Q1)为9014型号的NPN管，第二晶体管(Q2)为8550型号的PNP管，所述整流二极管(D1)为4007型号的二极管。The charging protection circuit according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the first transistor (Q1) is a 9014 type NPN tube, and the second transistor (Q2) is a Model 8550 PNP tube, and the rectifier diode (D1) Diode for Model 4007.
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的充电保护电路，其特征在于：所述反向开关电路为4007型号的整流二极管(D1)，整流二极管(D1)的正端通过地端接于充电电路的负向输出端，其负端接于电源输入端；所述电池过充检测电路由第一晶体管(Q1)、第一电阻(R1)和第二电阻(R2)构成，所述电池过充分流电路由 第二晶体管(Q2)、第三电阻(R3)和第四电阻(R4)构成，其中，第一电阻(R1)和第二电阻(R2)串接构成分压电路介于所述电源输入端与整流二极管(D1)负端之间，第一晶体管(Q1)的基极接于第一电阻(R1)与第二电阻(R2)连接点，其发射极接于电源输入端，其集电极一路通过第三电阻(R3)接于整流二极管(D1)的负极，另一路通过第四电阻(R4)接于第二晶体管(Q2)的基极，第二晶体管(Q2)的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管(Q2)的发射极接于整流二极管(D1)的负极；第一晶体管(Q1)为9015型号的PNP管，第二晶体管(Q2)为8050型号的NPN管。The charging protection circuit according to claim 1, wherein the reverse switching circuit is a 4007 type rectifier diode (D1), and the positive terminal of the rectifier diode (D1) is terminated to a negative output of the charging circuit. The terminal is connected to the power input terminal; the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a first transistor (Q1), a first resistor (R1) and a second resistor (R2), and the battery is over-flowed by the circuit a second transistor (Q2), a third resistor (R3) and a fourth resistor (R4), wherein the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2) are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit at the power input end Between the negative terminal of the rectifier diode (D1), the base of the first transistor (Q1) is connected to the connection point of the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2), and the emitter thereof is connected to the input end of the power source, and the collector thereof One is connected to the negative pole of the rectifier diode (D1) through the third resistor (R3), the other is connected to the base of the second transistor (Q2) through the fourth resistor (R4), and the collector of the second transistor (Q2) is connected to In the functional electrical circuit, the emitter of the second transistor (Q2) is connected to the negative pole of the rectifier diode (D1); the first transistor (Q1) is a PNP tube of the Model 9015, and the second transistor (Q2) is an NPN tube of the Model 8050.
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的充电保护电路，其特征在于：所述反向开关电路为整流二极管(D1)，整流二极管(D1)的正端接于电源输入端，整流二极管(D1)的负端接于充电电路的正向输出端；所述电池过充检测电路由可控精密稳压源(U1)、第一电阻(R1)和第二电阻(R2)构成，所述电池过充分流电路由第二晶体管(Q2)、第三电阻(R3)和第四电阻(R4)构成，其中，第一电阻(R1)和第二电阻(R2)串接构成分压电路介于所述电源输入端与地端之间，可控精密稳压源(U1)的参考极接于第一电阻(R1)与第二电阻(R2)连接点，其阳极接地，其阴极一路通过第三电阻(R3)接于电源输入端，另一路通过第四电阻(R4)接于第二晶体管(Q2)的基极，第二晶体管(Q2)的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管(Q2)的发射极接于整流二极管(D1)的正端，第二晶体管(Q2)为8550型号的PNP管。The charging protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the reverse switching circuit is a rectifier diode (D1), and a positive terminal of the rectifier diode (D1) is connected to a power input end, and a negative terminal of the rectifier diode (D1) Connected to the forward output terminal of the charging circuit; the battery overcharge detection circuit is composed of a controllable precision voltage regulator source (U1), a first resistor (R1) and a second resistor (R2), and the battery over-flow circuit The second transistor (Q2), the third resistor (R3) and the fourth resistor (R4) are formed, wherein the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2) are connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit between the power input Between the terminal and the ground, the reference pole of the controllable precision voltage regulator source (U1) is connected to the connection point of the first resistor (R1) and the second resistor (R2), the anode thereof is grounded, and the cathode thereof passes through the third resistor (R3) Connected to the power input terminal, the other circuit is connected to the base of the second transistor (Q2) through the fourth resistor (R4), the collector of the second transistor (Q2) is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the second transistor (Q2) The emitter is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier diode (D1), and the second transistor (Q2) is a PNP tube of the 8550 model.
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的充电保护电路，其特征在于：所述反向开关电路为整流二极管(D1)，整流二极管(D1)的正端接于电源输入端，整流二极管(D1)的负端接于充电电路的正向输出端，在电源输入端与地端之间还设有一开关电 路，该开关电路由第五电阻(R5)、第六电阻(R6)和第三晶体管(Q3)构成；所述电池过充检测电路由可控精密稳压源(U1)、第一电阻(R1)和第二电阻(R2)构成，所述电池过充分流电路由第二晶体管(Q2)、第三电阻(R3)和第四电阻(R4)构成，其中，第一电阻(R1)和第二电阻(R2)串接构成分压电路介于所述整流二极管的负极与第三晶体管(Q3)的集电极之间，可控精密稳压源(U1)的参考极接于第一电阻(R1)与第二电阻(R2)连接点，其阳极接于第三晶体管(Q3)的集电极，其阴极一路通过第三电阻(R3)接于整流二极管(D1)的负极，另一路通过第四电阻(R4)接于第二晶体管(Q2)的基极，第二晶体管(Q2)的集电极接于功能电器电路，第二晶体管(Q2)的发射极接于充电电路的正向输出端；第二晶体管(Q2)为8550型号的PNP管，第三晶体管(Q3)为9014型号的NPN管。The charging protection circuit according to claim 2, wherein the reverse switching circuit is a rectifier diode (D1), and a positive terminal of the rectifier diode (D1) is connected to a power input end, and a negative terminal of the rectifier diode (D1) Connected to the positive output end of the charging circuit, there is also a switching power between the power input end and the ground end The switch circuit is composed of a fifth resistor (R5), a sixth resistor (R6) and a third transistor (Q3); the battery overcharge detection circuit is controlled by a precision regulated voltage source (U1) and a first resistor ( R1) and a second resistor (R2), the battery over-current circuit is composed of a second transistor (Q2), a third resistor (R3) and a fourth resistor (R4), wherein the first resistor (R1) and The second resistor (R2) is connected in series to form a voltage dividing circuit between the negative pole of the rectifier diode and the collector of the third transistor (Q3), and the reference pole of the controllable precision voltage regulator source (U1) is connected to the first resistor (R1) is connected to the second resistor (R2), the anode is connected to the collector of the third transistor (Q3), and the cathode is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode (D1) through the third resistor (R3), and the other pass The fourth resistor (R4) is connected to the base of the second transistor (Q2), the collector of the second transistor (Q2) is connected to the functional electrical circuit, and the emitter of the second transistor (Q2) is connected to the forward output of the charging circuit. The second transistor (Q2) is a Model 8550 PNP tube, and the third transistor (Q3) is a Model 9014 NPN tube.
  9. 根据权利要求6－8中任一项所述的充电保护电路，其特征在于：所述第二晶体管(Q2)可用型号为Z2301的场效应管替代。 The charge protection circuit according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that the second transistor (Q2) can be replaced by a field effect transistor of the type Z2301.
PCT/CN2016/073029 2015-02-10 2016-02-01 Charging protective circuit WO2016127841A1 (en)

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TWI691158B (en) * 2019-04-24 2020-04-11 奇源科技有限公司 AC charging and power supply circuit
CN112510290A (en) * 2020-11-05 2021-03-16 深圳硕日新能源科技有限公司 Heating control device and solar control system of lithium battery
CN113178936A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-07-27 合肥工业大学 Public domain microgrid system for multi-energy complementary power generation
CN114759278A (en) * 2022-06-16 2022-07-15 广东高斯宝电气技术有限公司 Battery charging method controlled by MCU
CN116418249A (en) * 2023-06-08 2023-07-11 深圳市斯康达电子有限公司 AC/DC bidirectional conversion circuit
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CN109450031A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-03-08 京信通信***（中国）有限公司 A kind of battery over-discharge protection circuit
TWI691158B (en) * 2019-04-24 2020-04-11 奇源科技有限公司 AC charging and power supply circuit
CN112510290A (en) * 2020-11-05 2021-03-16 深圳硕日新能源科技有限公司 Heating control device and solar control system of lithium battery
CN113178936B (en) * 2021-04-28 2022-08-23 合肥工业大学 Public domain microgrid system for multi-energy complementary power generation
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CN116461387A (en) * 2023-04-04 2023-07-21 常州汉姆智能科技有限公司 Unmanned aerial vehicle battery serial connection charge balance circuit
CN116461387B (en) * 2023-04-04 2023-10-24 常州汉姆智能科技有限公司 Unmanned aerial vehicle battery serial connection charge balance circuit
CN116418249A (en) * 2023-06-08 2023-07-11 深圳市斯康达电子有限公司 AC/DC bidirectional conversion circuit
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