WO2016124034A1 - 电解炉组 - Google Patents

电解炉组 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016124034A1
WO2016124034A1 PCT/CN2015/095276 CN2015095276W WO2016124034A1 WO 2016124034 A1 WO2016124034 A1 WO 2016124034A1 CN 2015095276 W CN2015095276 W CN 2015095276W WO 2016124034 A1 WO2016124034 A1 WO 2016124034A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
electrolytic
anode
cathode
power source
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PCT/CN2015/095276
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龚斌
蔡志双
章立志
刘明彪
林伟清
谢楠
陈炎鑫
郭雪锋
钟延棕
郭荣敏
Original Assignee
虔东稀土集团股份有限公司
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Application filed by 虔东稀土集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 虔东稀土集团股份有限公司
Priority to MYPI2017702858A priority Critical patent/MY188437A/en
Publication of WO2016124034A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016124034A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/34—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrolytic furnace for producing rare earth metals and alloys thereof, and an electrolytic furnace group and a method of using the same. It belongs to the field of rare earth metallurgical equipment and application technology.
  • electrolysis is a common production method.
  • the electrolysis temperature for the production of rare earth metals and their alloys is usually above about 900 °C.
  • the side-inserted cathode (1) is located below the anode (9) with a certain angle with respect to the horizontal parallel position of the anode (9).
  • the electrolytic cell of the technical solution since the anode working surface is the anode bottom surface, the gas generated by the electrolytic reaction is not easily escaped, and the anode effect is likely to cause the electrolytic efficiency to decrease and the effective electrolytic area to decrease; the electrolytically generated product is horizontal or
  • the side-inserted cathode with a certain slope slowly flows into the crucible, so that the product stays in the reaction zone for a long time to increase the secondary reaction; the upper surface of the cathode is easy to deposit unelectrolyzed materials, resulting in a decrease in effective electrolytic area, a decrease in current efficiency, and an increase in power consumption. .
  • the utility model is a power saving method for the rare earth molten salt electrolysis.
  • the Chinese patent application published as CN1690252A on November 2, 2005 discloses that "the plurality of electrolytic cells are combined in series and then used. A set of rectifying power supply equipment supplies power to a plurality of electrolyzers at the same time... Using an electrolyzer with an air-cooling device, the cooling device of the electrolyzer is turned on when the temperature of an electrolyzer is too high"
  • This technical solution has the potential to transfer part of the energy to an environment that is not strongly related to the product, which wastes energy and pollutes the environment, and it is difficult to timely and accurately control the temperature of the electrolytic cell.
  • the present invention provides an electrolytic furnace which adopts the following technical solutions:
  • An electrolytic furnace comprising a feeding pipe 1, an adjusting member 3, a sealing cover 4, a furnace 5, a furnace wall 6, a casing 7, a cathode 8, an anode 9, a crucible 10, an insulating layer 16, and an anti-seepage insulating member 20, from the outside to the outside
  • the inside is the outer casing 7, the heat insulating layer 16, the furnace wall 6, the furnace 5, and the cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a top open furnace 5, and the upper part of the furnace 5 is provided with a sealing cover 4 to cover the opening of the furnace 5.
  • a cathode 8, an anode 9, and a crucible 10 are disposed in the furnace 5.
  • the cathode 8 is vertically disposed through the outer casing 7, the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6, and the portion of the furnace wall 6 outside the outer casing 7 is the terminal 81; the terminal 81 and the furnace wall 6, the heat insulating layer 16 and the outer casing There is a barrier insulating member 20 between 7.
  • the anode 9 is suspended from the side of the cathode 8.
  • the adjusting member 3 is located above the sealing cover 4 to control the movement of the anode 9; the movement of the anode 9 is moving back and forth, moving up and down, moving left and right, and/or rotating, the rotation including deflection about a horizontal line and/or a vertical line and Swing back and forth.
  • the anode 9 can reciprocate in at least one dimension.
  • the crucible 10 is placed under the cathode 8 at the bottom of the furnace 5, and the feed tube 1 is in communication with the furnace 5 through the sealing cover 4.
  • the adjusting member 3 is fixed to the sealing cover 4.
  • the barrier insulating member 20 is provided in each of the furnace wall 5 and the heat insulating layer 16.
  • One of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is that the cathode 8 is embedded in the furnace wall 6 on the opposite side of the terminal 81 at one end of the furnace, and the barrier insulating member 20 is disposed between the cathode 8 and the furnace wall 6.
  • the cathode 8 has an anode 9 on both sides thereof.
  • Still another preferred embodiment of the present invention is that the cathode 8 is arranged to intersect the anode 9.
  • the cathode 8 extends into the furnace 5 from both sides of the furnace wall 6, respectively. That is, the two terminals 81 of the cathode 8 extend from the inside of the furnace 5 through the furnace wall 6, the heat insulating layer 16, and the outer casing 7 from opposite sides.
  • the two opposing cathodes 8 are connected in a furnace.
  • the cathode 8 traverses the furnace wall 6 and the outer casing 7 on both sides, and the two terminals 81 of the cathode 8 are respectively located outside the outer casing 7 on both sides.
  • the upper edge of the crucible 10 is horizontally arranged, and the bottom of the crucible 10 is inclined from one end to the other end.
  • the width of the lower end of the bottom of the crucible 10 is greater than the width of the other end.
  • Still another preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes the passage 11 connecting the two or more turns 10.
  • the terminal 81 of the cathode 8 is further provided with a cooling device 12.
  • the cooling device 12 is located at a corresponding position of the cathode terminal 81 and/or the cooling barrier insulating layer 20 for cooling the cathode terminal 81 and/or the cooling barrier insulating layer 20.
  • the cooling device 12 is an external cooler and/or an internal cooler, and the external cooler is disposed on an outer surface of the terminal 81, and the internal cooler is disposed in the terminal 81.
  • the cooling device 12 is a cooling cathode terminal 81 and/or a cooling barrier insulating layer 20.
  • the anode 9 is parallel to the cathode 8.
  • the method for using the rare earth electrolytic furnace of the present invention controlling the left and right movements of the anode 9 by the adjusting member 3 to change the distance between the anode and the cathode to achieve the purpose of adjusting the corresponding electrolytic voltage, furnace temperature and the like.
  • One of the preferred technical solutions for the use of the rare earth electrolytic furnace of the present invention is to adjust the corresponding process parameters by adjusting the component 3 to control the elevation and/or movement of the anode 9 and the rotation to change the effective conductive area of the anode 9 and the current density.
  • Another method of using the rare earth electrolytic furnace of the present invention is a method of using a rare earth electrolytic furnace, characterized in that the adjustment member 3 controls the anode 9 to move back and forth, move up and down, move left and right, and/or rotate to help the gas generated by the electrolysis escape.
  • Still another method of using the rare earth electrolytic furnace of the present invention adjusting the process parameters by adjusting the power supply voltage and/or current.
  • An electrolytic furnace group consisting of a common power supply and at least two electrolytic furnaces connected in series.
  • Each of the electrolytic furnaces includes a cathode 8 and an anode 9.
  • the common power source 12 and each electrolytic furnace are connected to the anode of the first electrolytic furnace according to the positive pole of the common power source 12, and then the anode of each electrolytic furnace is connected to the cathode of the previous electrolytic furnace, and the last one of the electrolytic furnaces
  • the cathode is connected to the negative electrode of the common power source 12.
  • the circuit for supplying power to the respective electrolytic furnaces by the common power source 12 is a main circuit 41, wherein each of the electrolytic furnaces further includes an adjusting member 3 that controls the movement of the anode 9.
  • the cathode 8 is vertically arranged through the outer casing 7, the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6, and the portion of the furnace wall 6 outside the outer casing 7 is the terminal 81;
  • the anode 9 is suspended from the side of the cathode 8.
  • the anode 9 is parallel to the cathode 8.
  • the movement of the anode 9 is for moving back and forth, moving up and down, moving left and right, and/or rotating.
  • the adjusting member 3 is located above the sealing cover 4.
  • each of the electrolytic furnaces further includes a feeding pipe 1, a sealing cover 4, a furnace 5, a furnace wall 6, an outer casing 7, a crucible 10, an insulating layer 16, and an anti-seepage insulating member 20.
  • the outer casing 7, the heat insulating layer 16, the furnace wall 6, and the furnace 5 the cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a top open furnace 5, and the upper portion of the furnace 5 is provided with a sealing cover 4 over the opening of the furnace 5.
  • a cathode 8, an anode 9, and a crucible 10 are disposed in the furnace 5.
  • An insulating member 20 is provided between the terminal 81 and the furnace wall 6, the insulating layer 16, and the outer casing 7.
  • the crucible 10 is placed under the cathode 8 at the bottom of the furnace 5, and the feed tube 1 is in communication with the furnace 5 through the sealing cover 4.
  • the adjusting member 3 is fixed to the sealing cover 4.
  • the barrier insulating member 20 is disposed in the furnace wall 5 and the heat insulating layer 16, respectively.
  • the movement of the anode 9 includes front and rear movement, up and down movement, left and right movement, and/or rotation. That is, the anode 9 can reciprocate in at least one dimension.
  • the rotating comprises rotating about a horizontal line and/or a vertical line.
  • the rotation is excellent to swing back and forth.
  • each of the electrolytic furnaces is the same electrolytic furnace in the "Summary of the Invention" of the specification or an electrolytic furnace of the "invention" of the specification.
  • Still another preferred embodiment of the electrolytic furnace of the present invention further includes a switch 17 and a switch 18.
  • Each switch 18 is located at the main power
  • the anode 9 of each electrolytic furnace in the path 41 is between the anode 8 of the preceding electrolytic furnace or the anode 9 of the first electrolytic furnace and the positive electrode of the common power source 12.
  • Each of the switches 17 is connected to each of the switches 18 in the main circuit 41, and the other end is connected to the next switch 18 in the main circuit 41 to form the respective control circuits 42.
  • the switch 18 can cut off the power supply of the common power source 12 to each of the electrolytic furnaces, and at this time, the switch 17 is turned on without affecting the use of other electrolytic furnaces in the electrolytic furnace group.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the electrolytic furnace of the present invention further comprises a switch and a control circuit 42 for shutting off any of the electrolytic furnaces from the furnace.
  • At least one electrolytic furnace is further provided with an auxiliary power source 13.
  • the anode of the auxiliary power source 13 is connected to the anode of the respective electrolytic furnace, and the anode of the auxiliary power source 13 and the cathode of the respective electrolytic furnace connection.
  • the common power source 12 is used to supply power to each electrolytic furnace in the electrolytic furnace group, and the electrolysis voltage, electrolysis temperature and current density of each electrolytic furnace are adjusted by adjusting the voltage and/or current output from the common power source 12. Electrolytic process parameters.
  • a further method for using the electrolytic furnace group of the present invention is characterized in that a common power source is used to supply power to each electrolytic furnace, and the adjusting portion 3 of each electrolytic furnace controls the movement of the anode 9 to adjust the distance between the poles of the anode and the cathode of each electrolytic furnace and/or The effective electrolytic area adjusts the process parameters such as the electrolysis temperature of each electrolytic furnace in the electrolytic furnace group.
  • the common power source 12 is used to supply the main power source for each electrolytic furnace, and the output voltage and/or current of the auxiliary power source 13 is adjusted to adjust the electrolysis temperature and current density of the respective electrolytic furnaces. Process parameters.
  • the method for using the electrolytic furnace group of the present invention is still a preferred technical solution, and the anode and cathode pole pitches are first adjusted when adjusting the process parameters of each electrolytic furnace.
  • the corresponding switch 17 in the main circuit 41 should be controlled to cut off the power supply to the electrolytic furnace, and the corresponding power is turned on.
  • the control circuit 42 cuts off any of the electrolytic furnaces from the furnace group.
  • the electrolytic furnace of the invention has a sealed cover, the vertical and vertical poles of the anode and the cathode in the furnace are arranged in parallel, the anode and the anode pole are adjustable, the anode can be moved and rotated, and the cathode terminal is led out from the side of the furnace wall so that the cathode terminal is located outside the casing.
  • the utility model has the structure that the cooling device and the bottom of the crucible are inclined toward one end, and the anode is moved to the left and right to adjust the pole distance to control the electrolysis voltage, and the movement can be stirred on the one hand to stir the electrolyte on the one hand, and to accelerate the gas leaving the anode on the other hand, and the anode effect can be eliminated, not only hindering the reaction.
  • the gas escapes, and the movement of the anode also contributes to the escape of the gas and enhances the effect of the electrolyte flow.
  • the reaction gas is easy to escape and is easy to collect, the product is easy to collect, and the slag generated by the reaction is easy to clean, and the product is easily taken out.
  • the anode and the anode are vertically arranged in the same electricity
  • multiple sets of cathode and anode groups can be set at the same time
  • the rare earth molten salt electrolysis furnace of the invention is convenient to realize large-scale and automation, and is more energy-saving and realizes clean production
  • the cooling device reduces the cathode temperature, and can enhance the leakage prevention effect of the electrolyte liquid. It reduces the cathode oxidation loss and reduces the cathode resistance.
  • the electrolytic furnace group of the invention overcomes the need of the prior art to supply the current of the electrolytic cell requiring the maximum current in the electrolytic cell group, which will cause defects such as excessive electrolysis temperature of the electrolytic cell, waste of electric energy and the like, and has the control sensitivity and can separately respectively
  • the electrolysis temperature of the electrolysis furnace is controlled within a suitable range in time, and the advantages of overall control or single control can be achieved.
  • the output voltage of the shared power supply is increased, the power supply equipment and the line are reduced, the loss of the power supply equipment itself is reduced, the circuit loss is also reduced after the electrolytic furnace is connected in series, the energy utilization rate is high, and the power consumption of the product is low.
  • the electrolytic voltage of any electrolytic furnace can be adjusted in time, and the furnace temperature can be controlled, so that the electrolysis temperature of each electrolytic furnace is suitable and the energy utilization rate is high.
  • the auxiliary power supply is added, it is more convenient to control the process parameters of each electrolytic furnace.
  • the electrolytic furnace group not only a single product but also a plurality of products can be simultaneously produced in the electrolytic furnace group. It is also possible to cut the electrolytic furnace of any combination in the electrolytic furnace group.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the output voltage of the common power source 12 and the voltage of the individual electrolytic rare earth metal of each electrolytic furnace increases as the number of electrolytic furnaces operating in the electrolytic furnace group increases; the electricity consumption of the product varies with the electrolytic furnace operating in the electrolytic furnace group. The number increases and decreases.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of Embodiments 2 and 13.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of Embodiments 3, 6, 7, 10, and 12.
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic view of Embodiment 4.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of Embodiment 8.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of Embodiment 5.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of Embodiments 1, 2, 3, 9, and 13.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of Embodiments 5 and 8.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of Embodiments 6, 10, and 12.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view of Embodiments 6, 10, and 12.
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of Embodiments 7 and 11.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view of Embodiment 9.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view of Embodiments 10 and 12.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of Embodiment 11.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic view of Comparative Example 1.
  • Electrolytic furnace including feed pipe 1, adjusting member 3, sealing cover 4, furnace 5, furnace wall 6, outer casing 7, cathode 8, graphite anode 9, crucible 10, fixing member 11, jacket water cooler 12, insulation layer 16 and a barrier insulating member 20.
  • the outer casing 7 has an inner insulating layer 16 and a furnace wall 6 made of graphite material.
  • the cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a top open furnace 5, and the top of the furnace 5 is provided with a sealing cover 4 and is covered with an insulating layer. Above 16.
  • One cathode 8 and two graphite anodes 9 are provided in the furnace 5.
  • the cathode 8 is made of a metal plate, one end is vertically suspended in the furnace 5, and the other end is a terminal 81.
  • the terminal 81 passes through the furnace wall 6 and the outer casing 7 and the like to the outside of the casing 7; the terminal 81 A portion of the seal is fixed to the furnace wall 6, the heat insulating layer 16, and the outer casing 7, and the insulating member 20 is interposed between the terminal 81 and the furnace wall 6, the heat insulating layer 16, and the outer casing 7.
  • the adjustment member 3 further includes a link 33, wherein the adjustment member 3 is located above the sealing cover 4, and the link 33 is connected through the sealing cover 4 to a graphite anode 9 suspended from both sides of the cathode 8 in parallel with the cathode 8.
  • the length and width of the anode 9 match the electrolytic working surface of the cathode 8 in the furnace 5 (the same applies hereinafter).
  • the adjusting member 3 controls the up and down and/or front and rear, left and right movement, and rotation of the anode 9 through the link 33.
  • the rotations are respectively rotated about a vertical line, rotated about a longitudinal horizontal line, and rotated about a vertical line or a horizontal horizontal line.
  • the up and down movement refers to the movement of the anode 9 relative to the cathode 9 as seen from the terminal 81 (the same applies hereinafter).
  • One end of the crucible 10 is smaller in width and shallower than the other end, and is placed below the bottom cathode 8 of the furnace 5 to keep the upper edge of the crucible 10 horizontal, collecting the product dropped by the cathode 8.
  • a crucible positioning groove may be provided at an appropriate position on the bottom of the furnace wall 6.
  • the jacket water cooler 12 is mounted on the surface of the terminal 81 outside the outer casing 7.
  • the anode 9 is connected to the positive electrode of the power source, and the terminal 81 is connected to the negative electrode of the power source outside the casing 7.
  • the cathode 8 in the furnace 5 is immersed in the molten electrolyte substantially perpendicular to the liquid level of the electrolyte.
  • the ruthenium compound is electrolyzed on the cathode 8 to form a liquid metal.
  • the ruthenium is collected along the cathode 8 and collected in the crucible 10 to be automatically concentrated at the deeper and wider end of the crucible 10.
  • the adjustment component 3 can be used to control the anode 9 to move up and down or move back and forth to change the effective conductive area and current density of the anode 9 to adjust the corresponding process parameters, and the adjustment component 3 can also control the anode 9 to move left and right to change the yin and yang.
  • the distance between the two poles achieves the purpose of adjusting process parameters such as electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, and electrolysis temperature.
  • process parameters such as electrolysis voltage, electrolysis current, and electrolysis temperature.
  • the anode 9 moves, it also exerts a certain agitation effect on the liquid electrolyte, which is favorable for the electrolyte flow and the escape of the gas; the gas is also not easily attached to the anode 9.
  • the effect of the anode 9 swinging back and forth around the plumb line is most remarkable.
  • the thickness of the anode 9 is continuously reduced as the production progresses, so that the anode and the anode are made. The distance between them continues to increase, causing the electrolysis voltage to rise.
  • the distance between the anode and the cathode can be adjusted in time, or the distance between the anode and the cathode can be continuously changed according to the consumption speed of the anode 9, and the distance between the anode and the cathode is reduced, resulting in a single
  • the block anode current is small, the local electrolysis reaction is poor, or the distance between the anode and the cathode is too close, causing an anode effect and the like, which is unfavorable to the electrolysis reaction, and ensures the stability of the electrolysis production process.
  • the anode 9 may consume more non-uniform consumption on one side of the opposite side during the consumption process, as the usage time increases, the difference between the ends of the same group of cathodes and anodes becomes larger and larger. Controlling the rotation of the anode 9 about the vertical line or about the longitudinal horizontal line can maximize the distance between the ends of the same group of anodes and anodes. That is to say, the electrolysis working faces of the yin and yang electrodes are kept parallel, the effective electrolysis area can be increased, and the high efficiency can be maintained when the electrolysis current and voltage are constant.
  • the cathode 8 is vertically arranged in parallel with the anode 9, which facilitates the escape of the electrolyte and the gas generated during the electrolysis reaction, and is also advantageous for reducing impurities in the metal product and preventing local electrolyte material solidification in the furnace.
  • the anode 9 can be continuously moved back and forth in a horizontal or vertical direction along a plane parallel to the electrolysis working surface of the cathode 8, and the electrolyte can be continuously stirred while maintaining the distance between the cathode 8 and the anode 9 to accelerate the oxide.
  • the rate of melting in the electrolyte maintains uniformity of the concentration of oxides in the electrolyte, and also avoids the occurrence or extinction of the "anode effect", and also accelerates the gas attached to the anode electrolysis working surface from the anode 9 and escapes.
  • the horizontal movement of the anode 9 along a plane parallel to the electrolysis working surface of the cathode 8 is more advantageous for maintaining the anode 9 and the electrolytic working surface of the cathode 8 to match, and the motion amplitude can be more vertical.
  • the plane movement is bigger.
  • the feeding tube 1 can be inserted into the electrolyte to directly concentrate the electrolytic raw material into the electrolyte to make the electrolytic raw material. It is isolated from the hot gas such as gas produced by electrolysis, so as to avoid the loss of the electrolyzed raw material with the flow of hot air.
  • the distance between the anode and the cathode is adjustable, so that the production stability of the electrolytic furnace is good, the current fluctuation is small, and the output is stable.
  • the utility model can improve the use efficiency of the power source, stabilize the electrolysis current as the rated output current of the power source, fully improve the power utilization rate, and avoid the defects of the power supply large horse-drawn car; so that more than two electrolytic furnaces can be connected in series with the same electrolysis current to save the equipment. Resources and further reduce power consumption.
  • the sealing cover 4 After the sealing cover 4 is added, the oxidative corrosion of the graphite and the like in the anode and the tank body caused by the open structure of the prior art electrolytic furnace is severely solved, the effective utilization rate of the anode is low, the volatilization loss of the molten salt is serious, and the heat loss is large.
  • the defects reduce the temperature outside the sealing cover 4 above the furnace and reduce the dust, which greatly reduces the corrosion and electrical resistance of the anode wire; on the other hand, it is convenient to collect and treat the electrolytic waste gas, which is beneficial to protect the environment and improve working conditions;
  • the sealing cover 4 can also serve as a supporting base for the adjusting member 3, and functions to simplify the structure.
  • the provision of the barrier insulating member 20 between the terminal 81 of the cathode 8 and the furnace wall 6, the insulating layer 16 and the outer casing 7 solves the problem that the electrolyte in the furnace 5 easily leaks outside the furnace casing 7 along the outer surface of the cathode 8.
  • the long-term stable operation of the electrolytic furnace is ensured, the service life of the electrolytic furnace is prolonged, and the use cost is reduced.
  • the barrier insulating member 20 can be made in one piece or in the furnace.
  • the wall 5 and the heat insulating layer 16 are provided separately or separately. When the impervious insulating member 20 is separately disposed in the furnace wall 5 and the heat insulating layer 16, different materials can be selected according to the operating temperature to improve the anti-seepage effect.
  • the barrier insulating member 20 achieves the function of preventing the electrolyte from oozing out along the cathode 8, so that the cathode 8 can implement the technical solution of taking out the terminal 81 from the side of the outer casing 7.
  • the invention discloses that the cathode (1) is connected to the cathode conductive row (2) and buried in the side fireplace lining and the insulating sidewall (3) disclosed in the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN102925931A.
  • the technical solution results in the cathode (1) and the cathode.
  • the conductive row (2) connection is inconvenient to maintain and reduce the resistance, and the side fireplace lining, the insulating side wall (3) affect the inconvenient construction and other defects.
  • the cathode 8 is led out on the side of the outer casing 7, which reduces the components above the furnace and facilitates the installation of the adjustment member 3 which controls the movement of the anode 9.
  • the cathode 8 and its power line are avoided from the high temperature corrosion zone of the upper part of the furnace, and the cathode 8 in the furnace is completely immersed in the electrolyte, and is not in contact with the air, which is beneficial to reducing the resistance and prolonging the service life.
  • the jacketed water cooler 12 located on the surface of the terminal 81 outside the outer casing 7 effectively lowers the temperature of the terminal 81, thereby lowering the electrical resistance and improving the electrical conductivity.
  • the lower cathode temperature also helps prevent electrolyte leakage along the cathode 8 outside of the furnace wall 6.
  • the smaller width and shallower depth of one end of the crucible 10 relative to the other end facilitates the concentration of the liquid metal product in the crucible 10 toward the deeper end, facilitating the placement of the product and the removal of the product.
  • KG6000A power supply is used for electrolytic metal crucible.
  • the main technical specifications are: electrolysis temperature 1030-1100 °C, electrolysis current about 6000A, power output voltage 6.5V, metal cesium electricity consumption 5.2kW ⁇ h/(kgNd).
  • KG6000A power supply is used for electrolytic metal crucible.
  • the main technical specifications are: electrolysis temperature 950-1050 °C, electrolysis current about 6000A, power output voltage 6.3V, metal cesium electricity consumption 5.2kW ⁇ h/(kgPr).
  • the electrolytic furnace includes a feed pipe 1, an adjusting member 3, a sealing cover 4, a furnace 5, a furnace wall 6, an outer casing 7, a cathode 8, an anode 9, a crucible 10, a water cooler 12, an insulating layer 16, and a barrier insulating member 20.
  • the outer casing 7 has a heat insulating layer 16 and a furnace wall 6, and the cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a furnace 5 with an open top.
  • a cover 4 is placed over the outer casing 7 to house the outer casing 7 therein.
  • the furnace 5 is provided with two cathodes 8a, 8b and three anodes 9a, 9b, 9c.
  • Each of the cathodes 8 is a metal plate, and one end of the outer wall of the furnace wall 7 to the inner wall of the furnace wall 6 is a terminal 81, and the other end is suspended from the outside of the outer casing 7 through the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16, and the furnace wall 6 is vertically suspended.
  • the furnace 5 is sealed and fixed to the furnace wall 6, the heat insulating layer 16, and the casing 7 by the barrier insulating member 20.
  • the respective upper ends 91a, 91b, 91c of the anodes 9a, 9b, 9c are respectively connected to the corresponding adjusting members 3a, 3b, 3c located above the sealing cover 4 through the sealing cover 4, and the adjusting members 3a, 3b, 3c are fixed in the seal
  • the brackets (not shown) above the cover 4 respectively control the movement of the corresponding anodes 9a, 9b, 9c.
  • Each anode 9 is parallel to each cathode 8, and one anode 9 is suspended from each side of each cathode 8, and the cathode 8 and the anode 9 are alternately arranged.
  • Each of the adjusting members 3 can respectively control the corresponding anode 9 to move up and down and/or to move forward and backward, left and right.
  • the crucible 10 has a trapezoidal cross section and is placed at the bottom of the furnace 5 under two cathodes 8 The upper edge of the square is kept horizontal, and the bottom corner is deeper with respect to the remaining corners.
  • the surface of the terminal 81 of the water cooler 12 mounted outside the outer casing 7 is kept at an appropriate distance from the outer casing 7. Maintaining the water cooler 12 at an appropriate distance from the outer casing 7 may save the insulating material disposed between the water cooler 12 and the outer casing 7 when in direct contact.
  • the distance between the second electrolysis working surface of the anode 9b and the cathodes 8a, 8b is continuously increased, and the consumption speed of the anode 9b electrolysis working surface may be different, so that the anode 9b is The distance between the left electrolysis surface and the cathode 8a is different from the distance between the right electrolysis surface of the anode 9b and the cathode 8b.
  • the electrolysis speed of the electrolysis section of each electrode is not uniform, and the difference in the concentration of the electrolysis raw materials in different electrolysis zones is increased.
  • the electrolytic raw material in the electrolysis section where the concentration of the electrolytic raw material is too high is not completely electrolyzed and will sink to the bottom of the furnace, and the electrolysis zone where the concentration of the electrolytic raw material is too low may have an anode effect due to the lack of electrolytic raw materials.
  • the movement of the anode 9b can be controlled by the adjusting member 3b so that the distance between the left and right electrolysis faces of the anode 9b and the cathodes 8a, 8b are adapted to each other.
  • the spacing between the electrolysis surface of the anode 9a and the anode 9c and the cathodes 8a, 8b can be adjusted correspondingly by the adjusting members 3a, 3c, respectively, to achieve uniformity in each electrolysis zone.
  • the purpose of electrolysis is not limited to electrolysis.
  • the top end of the anode 9 is connected to the positive electrode of the power source through a wire, and the two terminals 81 are connected in parallel with the outer casing 7 and connected to the negative electrode of the power source.
  • Raw materials such as bismuth compounds enter the furnace 5 from the feed pipe 1, and the molten electrolyte completely immerses the cathode 8 in the furnace 5.
  • the ruthenium compound is electrolyzed on the cathode 8 to form a metal ruthenium liquid which flows along the cathode 8 toward the crucible 10 and is collected in the crucible 10 and automatically concentrated toward the deeper end.
  • the process parameters such as the effective electrolysis area and current density of the anode 9 can be changed by the adjustment member 3 to control the elevation and movement of the anode 9 or the back and forth movement, and the anode can also be controlled by the adjusting member 3.
  • the left and right movement changes the distance between the yin and yang poles to achieve the purpose of adjusting the process parameters.
  • the cross section of the crucible 10 is trapezoidal to reduce the material used to make the crucible 10, save resources and prevent the deformation of the crucible 10, and is also advantageous for the furnace.
  • electrolysis temperature 950-1000 ° C electrolysis current of about 8000 A
  • power supply output voltage of 6.6 V power supply output voltage of 6.6 V
  • the electrolytic furnace comprises a feed pipe 1, an adjusting member 3, a sealing cover 4, a furnace 5, a furnace wall 6, an outer casing 7, a cathode 8, an anode 9, a crucible 10, a passage 11, a jacket water cooler 12, an insulation layer 16 and Impervious insulation member 20.
  • the outer casing 7 has a heat insulating layer 16 and a furnace wall 6 in this order.
  • the cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a top open furnace 5, and the top of the furnace 5 is provided with a sealing cover 4 over the thermal insulation layer 16.
  • the furnace 5 is provided with two cathodes 8 and four anodes 9.
  • each cathode 8 passes through the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16 from the outside of the outer casing 7, and the furnace wall 6 is vertically suspended in the furnace 5, and the other end of the outer casing 7 is connected.
  • the wire end 81 is connected to the negative electrode of the power source outside the furnace; each cathode 8 is sealed and fixed to the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16, the furnace wall 6, and the cathode 8 is impervious to the furnace wall 6, the heat insulating layer 16 and the outer casing 7.
  • the adjustment member 3 further includes a link 33, wherein the adjustment member 3 is located above the sealing cover 4, and the link 33 is connected to each graphite anode 9 through the sealing cover 4.
  • the adjusting member 3 has a rectangular shape through the anode 9, and is engaged with the lower end of the connecting rod 33, and an anode 9 is suspended in parallel on both sides of each of the cathodes 8.
  • the adjusting member 3 controls the anode 9 to move up and down and/or move back and forth, left and right, and the adjusting member 3 can also control the rotation of the anode 9 about a horizontal line and/or a vertical line.
  • a crucible 10 is disposed at the bottom of the furnace 5 below each cathode 8, and a passage 11 connecting the crucibles 10 is disposed between the two crucibles 10.
  • the jacket water cooler 12 is mounted on the surface of the terminal 81 outside the outer casing 7.
  • the graphite anode 9 is connected to the positive electrode of the power source, and the terminal 81 is connected to the negative electrode of the power source.
  • the cathode 8 in the furnace 5 is immersed in a material such as molten salt. After the power is turned on, the rare earth compound is electrolyzed on the cathode 8 to form a mixed metal liquid which is collected in the crucible 10 along the cathode 8.
  • the adjustment component 3 can be used to control the elevation and/or movement of the anode 9 and to change the effective conductive area and current density of the anode 9 to adjust the corresponding process parameters, or to adjust the components. 3 Control the left and right movement of the anode 9 to change the distance between the yin and yang poles to achieve the purpose of adjusting the corresponding process parameters.
  • the cathode 8 is arranged in parallel with the anode 9 to facilitate the escape of the reaction gas.
  • An anode 9 is suspended in parallel on each side of each cathode 8, and any of the anodes 9 can be individually adjusted to facilitate smooth production control.
  • the anode 9 can be controlled to continuously perform a small lift and/or back and forth movement to agitate the electrolyte to make the electrolyte more uniform and/or to accelerate the escape of gas.
  • the tantalum alloy electrolyzed from the two cathodes 8 respectively enters the same crucible 10, and the product can be taken out from only one crucible 10, thereby overcoming the defect that multiple furnaces are required to be taken out from each crucible 10 respectively. At the same time, the consistency of the product is improved.
  • a plurality of sets of anode and cathode can be arranged to realize large-scale, and the use of the Chinese patent ZL201320875408.4 can facilitate automation, and is more energy-saving and realizes clean production.
  • the HISFB-10000A high-frequency switching power supply is used for electrolytic niobium alloy.
  • the main technical specifications are: electrolysis temperature 1000-1080°C, electrolysis current about 10000A, power output voltage 6.4V, niobium alloy electric unit consumption 5.1kW ⁇ h/(kgPrNd ).
  • the electrolytic furnace includes a feed pipe 1, an adjusting member 3, a sealing cover 4, a furnace 5, a furnace wall 6, a casing 7, a cathode 8, an anode 9, a crucible 10, an insulating layer 16, and a barrier insulating member 20.
  • the outer casing 7 has a furnace wall 6 in which a cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a top open furnace 5, and a sealing cover 4 is provided on the top of the furnace 5.
  • Two furnaces 8 and two anodes 9 are provided in the furnace 5.
  • the two cathodes 8 are respectively opposed from the two sides of the outer casing 7 through the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16, and the furnace wall 6 has one end suspended in the furnace 5 in the same vertical plane and does not contact each other, and the outer casing 7 has another One end is a respective terminal 81; each cathode 8 is sealed and fixed to the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6 by a barrier insulating member 20, respectively.
  • the anode 9 has a rectangular shape and is sized to match the size of the two cathodes 8 in the furnace 5.
  • the connecting rod 33 of the adjusting member 3 is screwed and suspended from the cathode 8 in parallel with the cathode 8.
  • the adjusting member 3 can control the anode 9 to move up and down and/or to move back and forth, left and right.
  • the crucible 10 is placed at the bottom of the furnace 5 below the two cathodes 8.
  • the anode 9 is connected to the positive electrode of the power source, and the terminal 81 is connected to the negative electrode of the power source respectively outside the furnace.
  • the HISFB-10000A high-frequency switching power supply is used for electrolytic metal crucible.
  • the main technical specifications are: electrolysis temperature 950-1050 °C, electrolysis current about 10000A, power output voltage 6.3V, metal cesium electricity consumption 5.2kW ⁇ h/(kgPr).
  • the electrolytic furnace includes a feed pipe 1, an adjusting member 3, a seal cover 4, a furnace 5, a furnace wall 6, a casing 7, a cathode 8, an anode 9, a crucible 10, a cooler 12b, a heat insulating layer 16, and a barrier insulating member 20.
  • the outer casing 7 has an inner insulating layer 16 and a furnace wall 6 made of graphite material.
  • the cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a top open furnace 5, and the top of the furnace 5 is provided with a sealing cover 4 and is covered with an insulating layer. 16 on.
  • the furnace 5 is provided with two cathodes 8 and two anodes 9.
  • the two cathodes 8 are plate-shaped, and are respectively fixedly connected from the two sides of the outer casing 7 through the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6 in the same vertical plane, and the other ends outside the furnace wall 6 become their respective
  • the terminal 81 is sealed and fixed to the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6.
  • the anti-seepage insulating member 20 is disposed between the cathode 8 and the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6.
  • the anode 9 has a rectangular shape and is sized to match the size of the two cathodes 8 in the furnace 5.
  • the upper end is bolted to the lower end of the connecting rod 33 located above the sealing cover 4 and passing through the adjusting member 3 of the sealing cover 4, and
  • the cathodes 8 are suspended in parallel on both sides of the cathode 8.
  • the adjusting member 3 can control the anode 9 to move up and down and/or to move back and forth, left and right.
  • the crucible 10 is placed at the bottom of the furnace 5 below the cathode 8.
  • the cooler 12b is provided with a coolant inlet and outlet (not shown) wrapped around the outer side of the barrier insulating member 20 against the furnace wall 6.
  • the cooler 12b can also be kept at an appropriate distance from the furnace wall 6.
  • cathodes 8 fixedly connected to each other in the same vertical plane is advantageous for enhancing the stability of the cathode 8. It is also possible to use shorter cathode materials that are easier to obtain.
  • Opening the inner hole 12a at the terminal 81 of the cathode 8 can improve the terminal 81 located in the furnace wall 6 and the heat insulating layer 16 and The cooling effect of a part of the cathode 8 or the like in the vicinity thereof reduces the electric resistance.
  • the liquid such as electrolyte which may ooze out along the cathode 8 it is advantageous for the liquid such as electrolyte which may ooze out along the cathode 8 to solidify, and the liquid such as molten salt is prevented from seeping outside the casing.
  • the cooler 12b is wrapped around the outer side of the barrier insulating member 20 to adhere to the furnace wall 6, which can effectively cool the impervious insulating member 20 and the furnace wall 6, and further enhance the effect of preventing liquid leakage such as electrolyte.
  • the HISFB-10000A high-frequency switching power supply is used for the electrolysis of the metal crucible, and the anode 9 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply.
  • the two terminals 81 may be respectively connected to the negative pole of the power source, or only one terminal 81 may be connected to the negative pole of the power source. When the two terminals 81 are respectively connected to the negative pole of the power source, the current of the terminal 81 and the wires can be reduced.
  • electrolysis temperature 1030-1100 ° C electrolysis current about 10000A
  • power output voltage 6.4V metal cesium electricity consumption 5.1kW ⁇ h / (kgNd).
  • the electrolytic furnace comprises a feeding pipe 1, an adjusting member 3, a sealing cover 4, a furnace 5, a furnace wall 6, a casing 7, a cathode 8, an anode 9, a crucible 10, a jacket water cooler 12, a drainage plate 15, and an insulating layer 16. And a barrier insulating member 20.
  • the outer casing 7 has a heat insulating layer 16 and a furnace wall 6 in this order.
  • the cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a top open furnace 5, and the top of the furnace 5 is provided with a sealing cover 4 to cover the heat insulating layer 16.
  • Three cathodes 8 and six anodes 9 are provided in the furnace 5.
  • Each of the cathodes 8 is made of a metal plate, one end of which is disposed from outside the outer casing 7 through the outer casing 7, the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6 are vertically disposed in the furnace 5 to reach the opposite side wall 6 and have an anti-seepage insulating member.
  • 20 isolating each cathode 8 from the furnace wall 6; the other end outside the outer casing 7 is a terminal 81; each terminal 81 is sealingly fixed to the outer casing 7, the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6, and each terminal 81 and the outer casing 7
  • An insulating member 20 is provided between the insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6.
  • the drainage plate 15 is made of a metal material, a total of six pieces, which are respectively located under the respective anti-seepage insulating members 20 and the cathode 8 in the furnace 5, and the furnace wall 6 under the anti-seepage insulating member 20 is inclined toward the crucible 10, and ends at the crucible 10 10 above the inner wall.
  • the anode 9 is spliced in a rectangular shape by a plurality of pieces of graphite, and is detachably connected to the link 33 of the adjusting member 3, and an anode 9 is suspended in parallel on both sides of each of the cathodes 8.
  • the adjusting member 3 can control the anode 9 to move up and down and/or to move back and forth, left and right.
  • a crucible 10 is provided at each bottom of the furnace 5 below each cathode 8.
  • the jacket water cooler 12a is mounted on the surface of the terminal 81 outside the outer casing 7.
  • a copper tube 12b is further disposed in the terminal 81 of the cathode 8 for cooling the terminal 81 of the cathode 8 and a portion of the cathode 8 located at the furnace wall 6, the insulating layer 16, and the barrier insulating member 20.
  • the end of the cathode 8 fixed in the furnace wall at one end of the furnace 81 improves the influence of its own gravity on the cathode 8, and reduces the possibility of the cathode 8 being deformed by its own gravity during operation.
  • the drain plate 15 can introduce the rare earth metal falling on the cathode 8 near the furnace wall 6 into the crucible 10 to prevent the rare earth metal and the cathode 8 generated by the cathode 8 between the furnace wall 6 and the furnace wall 6 from being installed,
  • the deformation caused during use causes the rare earth metal product to flow along the deformed cathode 8 to the outside of the crucible 10, thereby directly forming the graphite material with the furnace wall 6
  • the defect that the carbon content of the rare earth metal product increases after contact, resulting in a decrease in product quality.
  • the carbon content of a rare earth metal or alloy product that typically falls outside the crucible 10 can be increased from about 0.02 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, which can seriously affect product quality.
  • the HISFB-15000A high-frequency switching power supply is used for the electrolytic niobium alloy, and the anodes 9 are respectively connected to the positive electrode of the power source. Each cathode 8 is connected to a negative electrode of a power source.
  • the main technical indicators electrolysis temperature 1000-1080 ° C, electrolysis current about 15000A, power output voltage 6.2V, niobium alloy electric unit consumption 5kW ⁇ h / (kgPrNd).
  • the electrolytic furnace comprises a feeding pipe 1, an adjusting member 3, a sealing cover 4, a furnace 5, a furnace wall 6, a casing 7, a cathode 8, an anode 9, a crucible 10, a jacket water cooler 12, a drainage plate 15, and an insulating layer 16. And a barrier insulating member 20.
  • the outer casing 7 has a furnace wall 6 in which a cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a top open furnace 5, and a sealing cover 4 is provided on the top of the furnace 5.
  • Three cathodes 8 and six anodes 9 are provided in the furnace 5.
  • Each of the cathodes 8 is respectively formed by stacking a plurality of rectangular metal rods, and the two ends are respectively welded and integrated, and the two ends are vertically arranged through the outer casing 7 and the furnace wall 6 respectively;
  • the terminal 81 is connected to the negative pole of the power source;
  • each cathode 8 is sealed and fixed in the furnace wall 6, and an anti-seepage insulating member 20 is disposed between both ends of each cathode 8 and the furnace wall 6 and the casing 7.
  • the drainage plate 15 is made of a metal material, a total of six pieces, which are respectively located under the respective anti-seepage insulating members 20 and the cathode 8 in the furnace 5, and are inclined from the anti-seepage insulating member 20 toward the crucible 10 and stop above the inner wall of the crucible 10.
  • the anode 9 has a rectangular shape, and the upper end is connected to the adjusting member 3, and an anode 9 is suspended in parallel on both sides of each cathode 8.
  • the anode 9 is connected to the positive electrode of the power source through a wire.
  • the adjusting member 3 can control the anode 9 to move up and down and/or to move back and forth, left and right.
  • a crucible 10 is provided at each bottom of the furnace 5 below each cathode 8.
  • the jacket water cooler 12 is mounted on the surface of the terminal 81 outside the outer casing 7.
  • the rectangular rod-shaped metal is easy to obtain, has high strength, is convenient to manufacture and install, and is reliable to use.
  • the HISFB-15000A high-frequency switching power supply is used for electrolytic niobium alloy.
  • the main technical specifications are: electrolysis temperature 1000-1080°C, electrolysis current about 15000A, power output voltage 6.1V, niobium alloy electric unit consumption 4.9kW ⁇ h/(kgPrNd ).
  • the electrolytic furnace includes a feed pipe 1, an adjusting member 3, a seal cover 4, a furnace 5, a furnace wall 6, a casing 7, a cathode 8, an anode 9, a crucible 10, a cooler 12b, a heat insulating layer 16, and a barrier insulating member 20.
  • the outer casing 7 has an inner insulating layer 16 and a furnace wall 6 made of graphite material.
  • the cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a top open furnace 5, and the top of the furnace 5 is provided with a sealing cover 4 and is covered with an insulating layer. 16 on.
  • One cathode 8 and two anodes 9 are provided in the furnace 5.
  • the cathode 8 has a plate shape, and the two ends respectively pass through the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16, and the furnace wall 6 becomes two terminals 81 outside the outer casing 7; the two terminals 81 respectively
  • the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6 are sealed and fixed on both sides, and the impervious insulating member 20 is disposed between the cathode 8 and the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6.
  • the anode 9 has a rectangular shape matching the size of the cathode 8 in the furnace 5, and is bolted to the connecting rod 33 of the adjusting member 3 located above the sealing cover 4 through the sealing cover 4, in parallel with the cathode 8.
  • the adjusting member 3 can control the anode 9 to be lifted and lowered and/or moved forward and backward, left and right, and rotated by the link 33.
  • the rotation includes rotation about a horizontal line and/or a vertical line.
  • the crucible 10 is placed at the bottom of the furnace 5 below the cathode 8. Inside the terminal 81 of the cathode 8, there is an inner hole 12a for cooling the terminal 81 of the cathode 8 and the outer casing 7 and the barrier insulating member 20.
  • the entire cathode 8 passes through and is fixed in the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16 and the furnace wall 6.
  • the cathode 8 has good strength and is excellent in its own gravity.
  • Opening the inner hole 12a at one end of the terminal 81 of the cathode 8 can improve the cooling effect on the terminal 81 located in the furnace wall 6 and a portion of the cathode 8 and the like in the vicinity thereof, and reduce the electric resistance.
  • the liquid such as electrolyte which may ooze out along the cathode 8 it is advantageous for the liquid such as electrolyte which may ooze out along the cathode 8 to solidify, and the liquid such as molten salt is prevented from seeping outside the casing.
  • the cooler 12b is wrapped around the outer side of the barrier insulating member 20 to adhere to the furnace wall 6, which can effectively cool the impervious insulating member 20 and the furnace wall 6, and further enhance the effect of preventing liquid leakage such as electrolyte.
  • the HISFB-10000A high-frequency switching power supply is used for the electrolysis of the metal crucible, and the anode 9 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply.
  • the two terminals 81 may be respectively connected to the negative pole of the power source, or only one terminal 81 may be connected to the negative pole of the power source. When the two terminals 81 are respectively connected to the negative pole of the power source, the current of the terminal 81 and the wires can be reduced.
  • the main technical indicators electrolysis temperature 1030-1100 ° C, electrolysis current about 10000A, power output voltage 6.4V, metal cesium electricity consumption 5.1kW ⁇ h / (kgPrNd).
  • the existing 5KA rare earth molten salt electrolysis furnace comprises a furnace cover 30, a cathode 31, an anode conductive plate 32, a corundum gasket 33, a heat insulating layer 34, a furnace wall 35, an anode 36, a furnace shell 37 and a molybdenum crucible 38.
  • the furnace shell 37 is made of steel plate welded, and is made of a heat insulating layer 34 made of materials such as heat insulating cotton and heat insulating brick, and a graphite crucible and a filling material are used to form a graphite tank wall 35.
  • the cavity in the furnace wall 35 forms a furnace 39.
  • the graphite tank furnace 39 is provided with a molybdenum crucible 38, four anodes 36 and one cathode 31.
  • the cathode 31 is vertically suspended in the furnace 39 and above the molybdenum crucible 38.
  • the anode 36 is suspended in the furnace 39 around the cathode 31.
  • the cathode 31 is connected to the negative electrode of the power source.
  • the molybdenum crucible 38 is located at the bottom of the furnace 39.
  • the lower end of the anode conductive plate 32 is bolted to the anode 36, and the upper end is connected to the positive pole of the power source.
  • electrolysis temperature 1030-1150 °C the main technical specifications of electrolytic production of metal bismuth: electrolysis temperature 1030-1150 °C, electrolysis current about 5000A, tank voltage 9.5V, electricity consumption 8.8kW ⁇ h/(kgNd) .
  • the existing rare earth electrolytic furnace type has the following defects: the cathode hanging structure with the open mouth of the furnace, the exhaust gas collection is difficult, and the work
  • the environment is harsh and the labor intensity is large; the scale is small, the tank voltage is high, the furnace temperature is high, the energy consumption is high, and the small space of the upper space of the furnace mouth is complicated, and it is difficult to realize automation and large-scale.
  • the scale is small
  • the tank voltage high
  • the furnace temperature is high
  • the energy consumption is high
  • the small space of the upper space of the furnace mouth is complicated, and it is difficult to realize automation and large-scale.
  • it is usually necessary to use a larger power supply than the actual needs. That is, there is room for the power supply, and the utilization and efficiency are low during normal electrolysis.
  • the electrolytic furnace group includes a common power source 12 and electrolytic furnaces I and II. Two electrolytic furnaces I and II are connected in series, and two electrolytic furnaces and a common power supply 12 are combined to form a circuit 41 (thick line in Fig. 12). That is, the anode 9 of the electrolytic furnace I is connected to the positive electrode of the common power source 12, the cathode 8 of the electrolytic furnace II is connected to the negative electrode of the common power source 12, and the cathode 8 of the electrolytic furnace I is connected to the anode 9 of the electrolytic furnace II to constitute an electrolytic furnace group.
  • the electrolytic furnaces I and II are the same and are the electrolytic furnace described in the first embodiment.
  • the shared power source 12 uses a KG6000A power supply.
  • the adjustment parameters of each electrolysis furnace 3 can be used to control the corresponding anode 9 to rise or fall or change the effective conductive area and current density of the anode 9 to adjust the corresponding process parameters.
  • the adjustment component 3 can also be used to control the left and right movement of the anode 9 to change the distance between the anode and the cathode to achieve the purpose of adjusting the corresponding process parameters.
  • the electrolytic furnace I produces metal crucibles
  • the electrolytic furnace II produces metal crucibles.
  • the main technical indicators are as follows:
  • Electrolyzer I The electrolysis temperature is 1030-1100 ° C, the electrolysis current is about 6000 A, and the metal cesium electricity consumption is 4.8 kW ⁇ h/(kg Nd).
  • Electrolyzer II The electrolysis temperature is 1000-1050 ° C, the electrolysis current is about 6000 A, and the metal cesium electricity consumption is 4.7 kW ⁇ h/(kgPr).
  • the common power supply 12 has an output voltage of 12.7V and an output current of 6000A.
  • the output voltage of the shared power supply 12 is increased to help reduce the loss of electrical energy.
  • Electrolytic furnace group including one shared power supply 12, 4 electrolytic furnaces (A, N, P, Z), 2 auxiliary power supplies (13N, 13P) and 8 switches (17A, 18A, 17N, 18N, 17P, 18P) , 17Z and 18Z).
  • the four electrolytic furnaces were all the electrolytic furnaces described in Example 6.
  • the shared power source 12 is a HISFB-15000A high frequency switching power supply.
  • the anode 9A of the electrolytic furnace A is connected to the positive electrode of the common power source 12, the anode 18A and the common power source 12 are connected with a switch 18A, the cathode 8A of the electrolytic furnace A is connected to the anode 9N of the electrolytic furnace N, and between the cathode 8A and the anode 9N.
  • the cathode 8N of the electrolytic furnace N is connected to the anode 9P of the electrolytic furnace P, and the switch 18P is connected between the cathode 8N and the anode 9P, and the electrolytic furnace P
  • the cathode 8P is connected to the anode 9Z of the electrolytic furnace Z, and the switch 18Z is connected between the cathode 8P and the anode 9Z.
  • the cathode 8Z of the electrolytic furnace Z is connected to the negative electrode of the common power source 12 to constitute the main circuit 41 of the electrolytic furnace group.
  • the electrolytic furnace N is also provided with an auxiliary power source 13N
  • the electrolytic furnace P is also provided with an auxiliary power source 13P.
  • the anode of the auxiliary power source 13N is connected to the anode 9N, and the cathode is connected to the cathode 8N.
  • the positive electrode of the auxiliary power source 13P is connected to the anode 9P, and the negative electrode is connected to the cathode 8P.
  • the switch 17A is connected in parallel with the wire composition control circuit 42A at both ends of the electrolytic furnace A in the main circuit 41, and the control circuit 42A in combination with the switch 18A can cut off the electrolytic furnace A.
  • the switch 17N is connected in parallel with the wire composition control circuit 42N at both ends of the electrolytic furnace N in the main circuit 41, and the control circuit 42N and the switch 18N are combined to cut the electrolytic furnace N.
  • the switch 17P is connected in parallel with the wire composition control circuit 42P at both ends of the electrolytic furnace P in the main circuit 41, and the control circuit 42P and the switch 18P are combined to cut the electrolytic furnace P.
  • the switch 17Z is connected in parallel with the wire composition control circuit 42Z in the circuit of the electrolytic furnace Z, and the control circuit 42Z and the switch 18Z are combined to cut the electrolytic furnace Z.
  • the above-mentioned switches 18 and the corresponding control circuits 42 act in combination, and the electrolytic furnaces A, N, P, and Z can be cut off from the electrolytic furnace group without affecting the use of the remaining electrolytic furnaces.
  • the adjustment component 3 can be used to control the anode 9 to rise and fall or to move back and forth to change the effective conductive area and current density of the anode 9, and the corresponding process parameters can also be adjusted.
  • the adjusting component 3 controls the left and right movement of the anode 9 to change the distance between the anode and the cathode to achieve the purpose of adjusting the corresponding process parameters.
  • each auxiliary power source 13 can also be controlled to adjust process parameters such as temperature, current, and current density of the electrolytic furnace of the corresponding electrolytic furnace.
  • the electrolytic furnaces A and Z are mainly controlled by the anodes 9A and 9Z, and the process parameters such as the electromagnet A and Z electrolysis temperatures are controlled.
  • the electrolytic furnace N adjusts the pole pitch by the movement of the anode 9N, and is supplemented by the auxiliary power source 13N output current 100A-600A to control the process parameters such as the temperature of the electrolytic furnace.
  • the electrolytic furnace P adjusts the pole pitch by moving the anode 9P to the left and right, and is supplemented by the auxiliary power source 13P output current 200A-500A to control the process parameters such as the temperature of the electrolytic furnace.
  • each auxiliary power source 13 can also be controlled to adjust the process parameters such as the temperature, current, and current density of the electrolytic furnace of the corresponding electrolytic furnace.
  • the total voltage and/or current output from the common power supply 12 should be adjusted to adjust the corresponding process parameters. It is also possible to control the auxiliary power source 13 to adjust the process parameters such as the temperature, current, and current density of the electrolytic furnace corresponding to the electrolytic furnace.
  • the electrolytic furnaces A, N, P, and Z all produce niobium alloy, and the common power supply 12 has an output voltage of 24.6V and a current of about 15000A.
  • the solution temperature is 1000-1080 ° C, and the bismuth alloy electricity consumption is 4.5 kW ⁇ h/(kgPrNd).
  • the output voltage of the shared power source 12 is lower than the sum of the power supply output voltages of the four electrolytic furnaces A alone.
  • the electrolytic furnace group includes a common power source 12, an auxiliary power source 13, and electrolytic furnaces A, Z.
  • the electrolytic furnaces A and Z are the same and are the electrolytic furnaces of the seventh embodiment.
  • the shared power source 12 is a HISFB-15000A high frequency switching power supply.
  • the common power source 12 is connected in series with the electrolytic furnace A and the electrolytic furnace Z, and the electrolytic circuit formed is the main circuit 41. That is, the anode A9 of the electrolytic furnace A is connected to the positive electrode of the common power source 12, the cathode 8Z of the electrolytic furnace Z is connected to the negative electrode of the common power source 12, and the cathode 8A of the electrolytic furnace A is connected to the anode 9Z of the electrolytic furnace Z to constitute the electrolytic main circuit 41 (Fig. 14 thick and solid lines).
  • the auxiliary power source 13 is connected to both ends of the electrolytic furnace Z in the electrolysis main circuit 41.
  • the anode of the auxiliary power source 12 is connected to the anode Z9 of the electrolytic furnace Z, and the anode is connected to the anode Z8 of the electrolytic furnace Z. That is to say, when the auxiliary power source 13 is in operation, the common power source 12 is used to supply power to the electrolytic furnace Z in parallel.
  • the total voltage of the electrolysis furnace group is controlled by the output voltage of the common power source 12, and the electric energy required for the electrolysis furnaces A and Z is supplied according to the current output current required by the electrolysis furnace A.
  • the electrolysis furnaces A and Z respectively adjust the process parameters such as the electrolysis temperature of the electrolysis furnaces A and Z by the anodes 9A and 9Z, and the anodes 9A and 9Z can be controlled to change the lift or the back and forth movements by adjusting the components 3A and 3Z, respectively.
  • the effective conductive area, current density, etc. of the anode are adjusted corresponding to the process parameters.
  • the electrolytic furnace Z can also control the process parameters such as the electrolysis current and temperature of the electrolytic furnace Z by adjusting the pole pitch by the anode 9Z and the auxiliary power source Z13 output current 100A-600A. It is also possible to separately adjust the auxiliary power source 13Z output current 100A-600A to control the process parameters such as the electrolysis current and temperature of the electrolytic furnace Z.
  • the working surface of each cathode 8 is substantially perpendicular to the liquid level of the electrolyte liquid, and the liquid metal crucible falls directly into the crucible 10 along the working face of the cathode 8.
  • each of the adjustment members 3 controls the respective anodes 9 to gradually move toward the corresponding cathodes 8 to maintain a proper cathode-anode distance. Since each anode 9 may be non-uniformly consumed during consumption, each adjustment member 3 can also control the anodes 9 to move back and forth and/or up and down to adjust the effective electrolysis area; if necessary, the control of each anode 9 in the corresponding adjustment member 3 It is also possible to rotate around the horizontal line and/or the plumb line to keep the anode 9 electrolysis working surface parallel to the cathode 8 working surface as much as possible. Usually the angle of rotation of the anode 9 is within 15°, and the most common is 3-5°. All of the above movements of the anode 9 contribute to the escape of gas generated during electrolysis.
  • the electrolytic furnaces A and Z all produce niobium alloy: the output voltage of the common power supply 12 is 12.4V, the output current is about 15000A; the auxiliary power supply Z13 outputs the current 100A-600A, the electrolysis temperature is 1030-1100°C, and the average electric consumption of the metal crucible is 4.5. kW ⁇ h/(kgPrNd).
  • Electrolytic furnace group including 1 common power supply 12, 6 electrolytic furnaces (A, B, N, P, Y and Z), 6 auxiliary power supplies (13A, 13B, 13N, 13P, 13Y and 13Z) and 12 switches (17A, 18A, 17B, 18B, 17N, 18N, 17P, 18P, 17Y, 18Y, 17Z and 18Z).
  • the shared power source 12 is a HISFB-15000A high frequency switching power supply.
  • the anode 9A of the electrolytic furnace A is connected to the positive electrode of the common power source 12
  • the switch 18A is connected between the anode 9A and the common power source 12
  • the cathode 8A of the electrolytic furnace A is connected to the anode 9B of the electrolytic furnace B, and between the cathode 8A and the anode 9B.
  • a switch 18B There is a switch 18B, the cathode 8B of the electrolytic furnace B is connected to the anode 9N of the electrolytic furnace N, a switch 18N is provided between the cathode 8B and the anode 9N, the cathode 8N of the electrolytic furnace N is connected to the anode 9P of the electrolytic furnace P, and the cathode 8N and the anode 9P are connected.
  • the cathode 8P of the electrolytic furnace P is connected to the anode 9Y of the electrolytic furnace Y
  • the switch 18Y is connected between the cathode 8P and the anode 9Y
  • the cathode 8Y of the electrolytic furnace Y is connected to the anode 9Z of the electrolytic furnace Z
  • the cathode 8Y is
  • a switch 18Z between the anodes 9Z
  • the cathode 8Z of the electrolytic furnace Z is connected to the negative electrode of the common power source 12 to constitute a main circuit 41 for simultaneously supplying power to the respective electrolytic furnaces in the electrolytic furnace group.
  • Each of the electrolytic furnaces is provided with one auxiliary power source 13, and the positive electrodes of the auxiliary power sources 13 are connected to the anodes 9 of the respective electrolytic furnaces, and the negative electrodes of the auxiliary power sources 13 are connected to the cathodes 8 of the respective electrolytic furnaces.
  • the switch 17A is connected in parallel with the wire composition control circuit 42A at both ends of the electrolytic furnace A in the main circuit 42, and the control circuit 42A in combination with the switch 18A can cut off the electrolytic furnace A.
  • the switch 17B is connected in parallel with the wire composition control circuit 42B at both ends of the electrolytic furnace B in the main circuit 42, and the control circuit 42B and the switch 18B are combined to cut the electrolytic furnace B.
  • the switch 17N is connected in parallel with the wire composition control circuit 42N in the electric circuit of the electrolytic circuit N in the main circuit 42, and the control circuit 42N and the switch 18N are combined to cut the electrolytic furnace N.
  • the switch 17P is connected in parallel with the wire composition control circuit 42P at both ends of the electrolytic furnace P in the main circuit 42, and the control circuit 42P and the switch 18P are combined to cut the electrolytic furnace P.
  • the switch 17Y is connected in parallel with the wire composition control circuit 42Y at both ends of the electrolytic furnace Y in the main circuit 42, and the control circuit 42Y and the switch 18Y are combined to cut the electrolytic furnace Y.
  • the switch 17Z is connected in parallel with the wire composition control circuit 42Z at both ends of the electrolytic furnace Z in the main circuit 42, and the control circuit 42Z and the switch 18Z are combined to cut the electrolytic furnace Z.
  • the electrolytic furnaces A, B, N, P, Y and Z are the same, and the electrolytic furnace A is the electrolytic furnace used in the second embodiment.
  • the above-mentioned switches 18 and the corresponding control circuits 42 act in combination, and any electrolytic furnace can be cut from the electrolytic furnace group without affecting the use of the remaining electrolytic furnaces.
  • the adjustment component 3 can be used to control the anode 9 to rise and fall or to move back and forth to change the effective conductive area and current density of the anode 9, and the corresponding process parameters can also be adjusted.
  • the adjusting component 3 controls the left and right movement of the anode 9 to change the distance between the anode and the cathode to achieve the purpose of adjusting the corresponding process parameters. If necessary, it is also possible to control each auxiliary power source 13 to adjust the corresponding electrolytic furnace Process parameters such as temperature, current, and current density of the furnace.
  • each auxiliary power source 13 can also be controlled to adjust the process parameters such as the temperature, current, and current density of the electrolytic furnace of the corresponding electrolytic furnace. It is most convenient to adjust the auxiliary power supply of the electrolytic furnace to adjust the process parameters of one or a few electrolytic furnaces.
  • the temperature of the cathode 8 decreases, the electrical resistance decreases, and the power consumption of the product decreases; on the other hand, if the electrolyte liquid in the furnace oozes along the cathode 8, it can be timely. Solidified and oozing electrolyte.
  • the total voltage and/or current output from the common power supply 12 can be adjusted to adjust the corresponding process parameters. It is also possible to control the auxiliary power source 13 to adjust the process parameters such as the temperature, current, and current density of the electrolytic furnace corresponding to the electrolytic furnace.
  • the electrolytic furnaces A, B, N, P, Y and Z all produce niobium alloy.
  • the output voltage of the common power supply 12 is 37.6V
  • the current is about 15000A
  • the electrolysis temperature is 1000-1080°C
  • the electric consumption of niobium alloy is 4.4kW ⁇ h/( kgPrNd).
  • each electrolytic furnace mainly controls the electrolysis voltage and electrolysis temperature of each electrolytic furnace by adjusting the distance between the cathode 8 and the anode 9 by the anode 9 movement, and the auxiliary power sources A13, B13 and Z13 respectively output current 100-400A.
  • the electrolytic furnace N is adjusted by the anode N9 to adjust the pole pitch, and is supplemented by the auxiliary power source N13 output current 400-600A to control the process temperature of the electrolytic furnace.
  • the electrolysis furnaces P and Y are adjusted by the anode P9 to adjust the pole pitch, and the auxiliary power sources P13 and Y13 respectively output current 600-900A to control the process parameters such as the temperature of the electrolytic furnace.
  • the current output from the corresponding auxiliary power source 13 can be adjusted, and the influence on the remaining electrolytic furnaces in the electrolytic furnace group is smaller.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the output voltage of the common power source 12 and the output voltage of the power source for separately electrolyzing the rare earth metal of each electrolytic furnace increases as the number of electrolytic furnaces operating in the electrolytic furnace group increases; the electricity consumption of the product varies with the operation of the electrolytic furnace group.
  • the number of electrolytic furnaces increases and decreases.
  • the electrolytic furnace includes a feed pipe 1, an adjusting member 3, a sealing cover 4, a furnace 5, a furnace wall 6, an outer casing 7, a cathode 8, an anode 9, a crucible 10, a water cooler 12, an insulating layer 16, and a barrier insulating member 20.
  • the outer casing 7 has an insulation layer 16 and a furnace wall 6.
  • the cavity in the furnace wall 6 forms a furnace 5 with an open top.
  • a cover 4 is placed over the outer casing 7 to house the outer casing 7 therein.
  • the furnace 5 is provided with two cathodes 8a, 8b and three anodes 9a, 9b, 9c.
  • Each of the cathodes 8 is a metal plate, and one end of the outer wall of the furnace wall 7 to the inner wall of the furnace wall 6 is a terminal 81, and the other end is suspended from the outside of the outer casing 7 through the outer casing 7 and the heat insulating layer 16, and the furnace wall 6 is vertically suspended.
  • the furnace 5 is sealed and fixed to the furnace wall 6, the heat insulating layer 16, and the casing 7 by the barrier insulating member 20.
  • the upper ends 91a, 91b, 91c of the anodes 9a, 9b, 9c are respectively connected to the corresponding adjusting members 3a, 3b, 3c on the sealing cover 4 through the sealing cover 4, and each adjusting member 3 controls the corresponding anode 9 respectively. motion.
  • Each anode 9 is parallel to each cathode 8, and one anode 9 is suspended from each side of each cathode 8, and the cathode 8 and the anode 9 are alternately arranged.
  • Each of the adjusting members 3 can respectively control the corresponding anode 9 to move up and down and/or to move forward and backward, left and right.
  • the crucible 10 has a trapezoidal cross section and is placed under the two cathodes 8 at the bottom of the furnace 5. The upper edge is horizontal and the bottom corner is deeper relative to the remaining corners.
  • the surface of the terminal 81 of the water cooler 12 mounted outside the outer casing 7 is kept at an appropriate distance from the outer casing 7. Maintaining the water cooler 12 at an appropriate distance from the outer casing 7 may save the insulating material disposed between the water cooler 12 and the outer casing 7 when in direct contact.
  • the top end of the anode 9 is connected to the positive pole of the power source through a wire, and the two terminals 81 are connected in parallel with the outer side of the outer casing 7 and connected to the negative pole of the power source.
  • Raw materials such as bismuth compounds enter the furnace 5 from the feed pipe 1, and the molten electrolyte completely immerses the cathode 8 in the furnace 5.
  • the ruthenium compound is electrolyzed on the cathode 8 to form a metal ruthenium liquid which flows along the cathode 8 toward the crucible 10 and is collected in the crucible 10 and automatically concentrated toward the deeper end.
  • the process parameters such as the effective electrolysis area and current density of the anode 9 can be changed by the adjustment member 3 to control the elevation and movement of the anode 9 or the back and forth movement, and the anode can also be controlled by the adjusting member 3.
  • the left and right movement changes the distance between the yin and yang poles to achieve the purpose of adjusting the process parameters.
  • the anode 9 When the metal ruthenium is electrolyzed in the chloride molten salt system using anhydrous ruthenium chloride as a raw material, the anode 9 is consumed slowly, and thus the change in the pitch between the anode and the cathode caused by the consumption of the anode 9 is small. Therefore, the anode 9 located between the two cathodes 8 can be double-sided electrolyzed to increase the efficiency of the anode 9.

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Abstract

一种电解炉组及其电解方法，属于稀土冶金电解设备及其使用技术领域。包括共用电源（12）和至少２台电解炉；所述各电解炉包括阴极（8）和阳极（9），所述共用电源（12）与各电解炉按照共用电源（12）的正极与第一台电解炉的阳极连接、其后每台电解炉的阳极与前一台电解炉的阴极连接、最末一台电解炉的阴极与共用电源（12）的负极连接组成；共用电源（12）向各电解炉供电的电路为主电路（41），所述各电解炉还包括控制阳极（9）运动的调整部件（3）。具有控制灵敏、使用方便、能源利用率高、电耗低及电解时产生的气体易逸出等优点。产品电单耗随电解炉组中工作的电解炉数量增加而降低。

Description

电解炉组 技术领域
本发明涉及一种生产稀土金属及其合金用电解炉以及由该电解炉组成的电解炉组和使用方法。属于稀土冶金设备及应用技术领域。
背景技术
在稀土金属及其合金生产中，电解是常用生产方法。稀土金属及其合金生产的电解温度通常在约900℃以上。
公布日为2013年02月13日，公布号为CN102925931A名称为侧插潜没式***极稀土熔盐电解槽的中国专利申请中公开了“包括：槽壳(10)、侧***极(1)、阴极导电排(2)、绝缘侧壁(3)、侧壁炉衬(4)、绝缘环(5)、金属导流板(6)、坩埚(7)、炉底(8)、阳极(9)，所述的阴极(1)一端与阴极导电排(2)连接并埋入侧壁炉衬、绝缘侧壁(3)中，且从侧壁炉衬(4)下部位置***到电解槽炉膛中，侧***极(1)位于阳极(9)下方，相对于阳极(9)水平平行位置带一定夹角”技术方案。该技术方案所述电解槽长期使用时，由于阳极工作面为阳极底面，存在电解反应产生的气体不易逸出，容易出现阳极效应导致电解效率下降、有效电解面积下降；电解生成的产品沿水平或有一定坡度的侧***极缓慢流入坩埚中，使产品在反应区停留时间长增加二次反应；阴极上表面易沉积未被电解的物料导致有效电解面积下降和电流效率下降、电耗增加等缺陷。
名称为一种稀土熔盐电解的节电方法，公开日为2005年11月02日，公开号为CN1690252A的中国专利申请公开了“将多个电解槽以串联供电的方式组合在一起，然后用一套整流电源设备对多个电解槽同时供电……采用带有风冷装置的电解槽，在某一电解槽温度过高时将该电解槽的冷却装置开启”的技术方案以解决电解槽串联以后以相同电解电流生产时某一电解槽温度过高的技术问题。该技术方案存在将部分能源转移至与产品关联性不强的环境,既浪费了能源又污染了环境、难以及时和准确地控制电解槽温度等缺陷。
发明内容
针对现有技术电解槽存在的上述缺陷，本发明提供一种电解炉，采用如下技术方案：
一种电解炉，包括进料管1、调整部件3、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、阴极8、阳极9、坩埚10、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20，自外向内依次为外壳7、保温层16、炉壁6、炉膛5，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5，炉膛5上部设有密封罩4罩在炉膛5开口之 上。所述炉膛5内设有阴极8、阳极9和坩埚10。所述阴极8穿过外壳7、保温层16及炉壁6竖直布置，位于炉壁6中至外壳7之外的部分为接线端81；接线端81与炉壁6、保温层16及外壳7之间有防渗绝缘部件20。所述阳极9悬挂于阴极8的侧面。所述调整部件3位于密封罩4之上，控制阳极9运动；所述阳极9运动为前后移动、上下移动、左右移动和/或转动，所述转动包括绕水平线和/或铅垂线偏转及来回摆动。即阳极9可以以至少一维作往复运动。所述坩埚10置于炉膛5底部位于阴极8下方，所述进料管1穿过密封罩4与炉膛5连通。其中以调整部件3固定于密封罩4之上为佳。优选防渗绝缘部件20在炉壁5、保温层16内分别设置。
本发明优选技术方案之一是阴极8在炉内的一端嵌入接线端81对侧的炉壁6中，阴极8与炉壁6之间有防渗绝缘部件20。
本发明再一优选技术方案是所述阴极8的两侧均有阳极9。
本发明再一优选技术方案是阴极8与阳极9交叉布置。
本发明再一优选技术方案是所述阴极8自炉壁6的两侧分别伸入炉膛5内。即阴极8的两接线端81自炉膛5内从相对两侧分别穿过炉壁6、保温层16和外壳7伸出。
本发明再一优选技术方案是所述两两相对的2片阴极8在炉膛内连接。
本发明再一优选技术方案是所述阴极8横穿过两侧的炉壁6及外壳7，阴极8的2个接线端81分别位于两侧的外壳7之外。
本发明再一优选技术方案是所述坩埚10的上沿水平布置，坩埚10的底自一端向另一端倾斜。
本发明再一优选技术方案是所述坩埚10底较低一端的宽度大于另一端的宽度。
本发明再一优选技术方案是还包括通道11将两个以上坩埚10连通。
本发明再一优选技术方案是阴极8的接线端81还设有冷却装置12。
本发明再一优选技术方案是所述冷却装置12位于阴极接线端81和/或冷却防渗绝缘层20对应位置，用于冷却阴极接线端81和/或冷却防渗绝缘层20。
本发明再一优选技术方案是所述冷却装置12为外冷却器和/或内冷却器，所述外冷却器设置在接线端81外表面，所述内冷却器设置在接线端81内。
本发明再一优选技术方案是所述冷却装置12为冷却阴极接线端81和/或冷却防渗绝缘层20。
本发明再一优选技术方案是阳极9与阴极8平行。
本发明稀土电解炉的使用方法：通过调整部件3控制阳极9左右运动改变阴阳两极间的距离达到调整相应的电解电压、炉温等工艺参数的目的。
本发明稀土电解炉的使用方法优选技术方案之一是通过调整部件3控制阳极9升降和/或前后运动、转动改变阳极9的有效导电面积、电流密度等调整相应工艺参数。
本发明稀土电解炉的另一使用方法：稀土电解炉的使用方法，其特征在于通过调整部件3控制阳极9前后移动、上下移动、左右移动和/或转动帮助电解产生的气体逸出。
本发明稀土电解炉的再一使用方法：通过调整电源电压和/或电流调整工艺参数。
一种电解炉组，由1台共用电源和至少2台电解炉串联组成。所述各电解炉包括阴极8和阳极9。所述共用电源12与各电解炉按照共用电源12的正极与第一台电解炉的阳极连接、其后每台电解炉的阳极与前一台电解炉的阴极连接、最末一台电解炉的阴极与共用电源12的负极连接组成。共用电源12向各电解炉供电的电路为主电路41，其中各电解炉还包括调整部件3，所述调整部件3控制阳极9运动。
本发明电解炉组优选技术方案之一，所述阴极8穿过外壳7、保温层16及炉壁6竖直布置，位于炉壁6中至外壳7之外的部分为接线端81；所述阳极9悬挂于阴极8的侧面。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，所述阳极9与阴极8平行。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，所述阳极9运动为前后移动、上下移动、左右移动和/或转动。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，所述调整部件3位于密封罩4之上。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，所述各电解炉还包括进料管1、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、坩埚10、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20，自外向内依次为外壳7、保温层16、炉壁6、炉膛5，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5，炉膛5上部设有密封罩4罩在炉膛5开口之上。所述炉膛5内设有阴极8、阳极9和坩埚10。接线端81与炉壁6、保温层16及外壳7之间有防渗绝缘部件20。所述坩埚10置于炉膛5底部位于阴极8下方，所述进料管1穿过密封罩4与炉膛5连通。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，调整部件3固定于密封罩4之上。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，防渗绝缘部件20在炉壁5、保温层16内分别设置。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，所述阳极9运动包括前后移动、上下移动、左右移动和/或转动。即阳极9可以以至少一维作往复运动。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，所述转动包括绕水平线和/或铅垂线转动。所述转动以来回摆动为优。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，所述各电解炉为本说明书“发明内容”中同一电解炉或分别为本说明书“发明内容”中任一电解炉。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，还包括开关17和开关18。所述各开关18位于主电 路41中各电解炉的阳极9与前一电解炉的阴极8之间或第一台电解炉的阳极9与共用电源12的正极之间。所述各开关17的一端连接于主电路41中各开关18之前，另一端连接于主电路41中下一开关18之前组成各控制电路42。所述开关18可以切断共用电源12向各电解炉的供电，此时接通开关17不影响电解炉组中其它电解炉的使用。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，还包括开关及将任一台电解炉自电解炉组中切停的控制电路42。
本发明电解炉组再一优选技术方案，至少有1台电解炉还配有辅助电源13，所述辅助电源13的正极与各自电解炉的阳极连接，辅助电源13的负极与各自电解炉的阴极连接。
本发明电解炉组的使用方法，以共用电源12为电解炉组中各电解炉提供电源，通过调整共用电源12输出的电压和/或电流调整各电解炉的电解电压、电解温度和电流密度等电解工艺参数。
本发明电解炉组的再一使用方法，其特征在于以共用电源为各电解炉提供电源，通过各电解炉的调整部件3控制阳极9运动调整各电解炉阴阳两极间的极间距离和/或有效电解面积调整电解炉组中各电解炉的电解温度等工艺参数。
本发明电解炉组的使用方法再一优选技术方案，以共用电源12为各电解炉提供主要电源，通过调整辅助电源13输出电压和/或电流以调整对应各电解炉的电解温度和电流密度等工艺参数。
本发明电解炉组的使用方法再一优选技术方案，在调整各电解炉工艺参数时首先调整阴阳两极极距。
本发明电解炉组的使用方法再一优选技术方案，所述电解炉组中任一电解炉需暂停时，应控制主电路41中对应的开关17切断向该电解炉的供电，并接通相应的控制电路42将任一电解炉自电解炉组中切停。
本发明电解炉由于具有密封罩、炉膛内阴阳两极平行竖直布置、阴阳极极距可调、阳极既可以移动又可以转动、从炉壁侧面引出阴极接线端使阴极接线端位于外壳之外、具有冷却装置、坩埚底向一端倾斜等结构，阳极左右移动调节极距可以控制电解电压、前后移动一方面可以搅拌电解质，另一方面加速气体离开阳极、还可以消除阳极效应，不仅不阻碍反应产生的气体逸出，阳极的运动还有助于气体的逸出和增强电解质流动的效果，具有一方面反应气体易逸出易收集、产品易收集、反应产生的渣易清理、便于安装产品取出部件和取出产品，以及降低了密封罩以上的温度和粉尘，大幅降低了阳极导线的腐蚀和电阻；另一方面便于收集处理电解废气，有利于保护环境和改善作业条件；再者可以成为调整部件3的支撑基础；炉膛内的阴极完全浸泡在熔盐电解质中，延长了阴极使用寿命。阴、阳极垂直布置在同一电 解炉中可以同时设置多组阴、阳极组；本发明的稀土熔盐电解炉便于实现大型化和自动化，并且更加节能，实现清洁生产；冷却装置降低阴极温度，可以增强防止电解质液体渗漏效果、减缓阴极氧化损耗和降低阴极电阻等优点。
本发明电解炉组克服了现有技术必需以电解槽组中需要最大电流的电解槽的电流供电，将造成部分电解槽电解温度过高，浪费电能等缺陷，具有控制灵敏、可以分别将各台电解炉的电解温度均及时控制在适宜范围之内，既可以整体关联控制也可单一控制等优点。共用电源输出电压提高，减少了供电设备及线路等，减少了电源设备自身的损耗，电解炉串联后电路损耗也降低，能源利用率高，产品电单耗低。改变极距，可以及时调整任一电解炉的电解电压、控制炉温，使得各电解炉电解温度适宜，能源利用率高。增加辅助电源后，更方便地控制各电解炉工艺参数。在电解炉组中不仅可以生产单一产品，也可以在电解炉组中同时生产多种产品。还可以将电解炉组中任意组合的电解炉切停。共用电源12输出电压与各台电解炉单独电解稀土金属的电压之和的差的绝对值随电解炉组中工作的电解炉数量增加而增加；产品电单耗随电解炉组中工作的电解炉数量增加而降低。以调节电解炉的辅助电源输出电流来调节各电解炉的工艺参数时，有利于降低电解电耗。
附图说明
图1为实施例1、4、5、8、9、11示意图。
图2为实施例2、13示意图。
图3为实施例3、6、7、10、12示意图。
图4为实施例4示意图。
图5为实施例8示意图。
图6为实施例5示意图。
图7为实施例1、2、3、9、13示意图。
图8为实施例5、8示意图。
图9为实施例6、10、12示意图。
图10为实施例6、10、12示意图。
图11为实施例7、11示意图。
图12为实施例9示意图。
图13为实施例10、12示意图。
图14为实施例11示意图。
图15为对比例1示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
参见图1、图7。
电解炉，包括进料管1、调整部件3、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、阴极8、石墨阳极9、坩埚10、固定件11、夹套水冷却器12、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20。所述外壳7内自外向内有保温层16和由石墨材料筑成的炉壁6，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5，炉膛5顶部设有密封罩4盖合在保温层16之上。所述炉膛5内设有1块阴极8和2块石墨阳极9。所述阴极8由金属板制成，一端竖直悬置于炉膛5内，另一端为接线端81，所述接线端81穿过炉壁6及外壳7等至外壳7之外；接线端81的一部分密封固定于炉壁6、保温层16及外壳7中，接线端81与炉壁6、保温层16及外壳7之间有防渗绝缘部件20。所述调整部件3还包括连杆33，其中调整部件3位于密封罩4之上，连杆33穿过密封罩4与与阴极8平行地悬挂于阴极8两侧的石墨阳极9连接。所述阳极9的长、宽与炉膛5内的阴极8的电解工作面匹配(下同)。所述调整部件3通过连杆33控制阳极9的上下和/或前后、左右运动、转动。所述转动分别为绕铅垂线转动、绕纵向水平线转动以及绕铅垂线转动或纵向水平线来回摆动。所述上下等移动(包括转动)指自接线端81所见阳极9相对于阴极9的运动(下同)。所述坩埚10的一端相对于另一端宽度较小且深度较浅，置于炉膛5底部位阴极8下方使坩埚10的上沿保持水平，收集阴极8落下的产品。为了准确放置坩埚10，可以在炉壁6的底部适当位置设置坩埚定位槽。所述夹套水冷却器12安装在外壳7之外的接线端81表面。
电解金属钕时，阳极9与电源的正极连接，接线端81在外壳7外与电源的负极连接。在炉膛5内的阴极8浸泡在熔融的电解质中相对于电解质的液面基本垂直。接通电源后钕化合物在阴极8上被电解析出成液态金属钕沿阴极8流下被收集于坩埚10内自动集中在坩埚10底部较深、较宽的一端。生产过程中在电源输出稳定时，可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9升降或前后移动改变阳极9的有效导电面积、电流密度等调整相应工艺参数，也可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9左右移动改变阴阳两极间的距离达到调整电解电压、电解电流、电解温度等工艺参数的目的。当然也可以调整电源输出的电压和/或电流调整电解电压、电解电流、电解温度等工艺参数。阳极9移动时还对液态电解质起到一定的搅拌作用，有利于电解质流动及气体的逸出；气体也不易附着在阳极9上。在需要搅拌电解质时，以阳极9绕铅垂线来回摆动效果最显著。在需要加速气体逸出时，以阳极上下往复移动(或振动)为佳。
由于阳极9在生产过程中是消耗品，随生产进程阳极9的厚度不断减少，使得阴、阳极 之间的距离不断增大，造成电解电压不断上升。通过调整部件3控制阳极9左右移动，可以及时调整阴阳极间的距离，也可以根据阳极9的消耗速度连续移动保持阴阳极间的距离不变，减少了因阴阳极间距离过远，造成单块阳极电流小，局部电解反应差，或因阴阳极间距离过近，引起阳极效应等不利于电解反应进行的现象发生，保证电解生产过程稳定。
由于阳极9在消耗过程中可能出现某一边较相对的另一边消耗更多的非均匀消耗，随使用时间的增加，同一组阴、阳极之间两端距离的差别越来越大。控制阳极9绕铅垂线转动或绕纵向水平线转动可以最大程度地保持同一组阴、阳极之间两端的距离相同。即保持阴阳两极的电解工作面平行，可以提高有效电解面积，在电解电流、电压不变时保持较高的效率。
阴极8与阳极9平行地竖直布置，有利于电解质流动及电解反应时产生的气体逸出，还有利于减少金属产品中的杂质及避免炉膛内局部的电解质物料凝固。
必要时，阳极9可以连续地沿与阴极8电解工作面平行的平面水平或垂直小幅来回运动，在保持阴极8与阳极9之间距离不变的前提下不停地搅拌电解质，可以加快氧化物在电解质中的熔解速度，保持电解质中氧化物浓度的均匀一致性，还可以避免出现或熄灭“阳极效应”，还可以加速阳极电解工作面附着的气体脱离阳极9并逸出。相对而言，由于阳极9的高度与阴极8基本相同，阳极9沿与阴极8电解工作面平行的平面水平运动更有利于保持阳极9与阴极8的电解工作面相匹配，运动幅度可以比沿垂直平面运动更大。
由于阳极9可以搅拌电解质起到加快氧化物在电解质中的熔解速度及保持电解质中原料浓度的均匀一致性，进料管1可以伸入电解质中直接将电解原料集中加入到电解质中，使电解原料与电解副产的气体等热气隔离，避免电解原料随热气飘逸而损失。
阴阳极间的距离可调，使得电解炉生产稳定性好，电流波动小，产量稳定。可以提高电源的使用效率，使电解电流稳定为电源额定输出电流，充分提高电源利用率，避免电源大马拉小车的缺陷；使得2台以上电解炉可以以相同电解电流串联起来共用电源，节约设备资源及进一步降低电耗。
增加密封罩4后一方面解决了现有技术的电解炉敞口式结构带来的阳极和槽体中的石墨等材料氧化腐蚀严重、阳极有效利用率低、熔盐挥发损失严重、热量损失大等缺陷，降低了炉膛以上密封罩4之外的温度并减少了粉尘，大幅降低了阳极导线的腐蚀和电阻；另一方面便于收集处理电解废气，有利于保护环境和改善作业条件；再者，密封罩4还可以成为调整部件3的支撑基础，起到简化结构的作用。
在阴极8的接线端81与炉壁6、保温层16及外壳7之间设置防渗绝缘部件20解决了炉膛5内的电解质易沿阴极8外表面渗漏至炉壳7外的缺陷。保证了电解炉长期稳定工作，延长了电解炉的使用寿命，降低了使用成本。防渗绝缘部件20可以制成一个整体，也可以在炉 壁5、保温层16内单独或分别设置。防渗绝缘部件20在炉壁5、保温层16内分别设置时可以根据工作温度的不同选择不同的材料，提高防渗效果。正是由于防渗绝缘部件20实现了防止电解质沿阴极8渗出的功能，使得阴极8可以实施自外壳7的侧面引出接线端81的技术方案。克服了公布号为CN102925931A的中国专利申请公开的“阴极(1)一端与阴极导电排(2)连接并埋入侧壁炉衬、绝缘侧壁(3)中”技术方案造成阴极(1)与阴极导电排(2)连接处不便维护及降低电阻，与侧壁炉衬、绝缘侧壁(3)相互影响不便施工等缺陷。
阴极8于外壳7的侧面引出，减少了炉膛之上的部件，便于安装控制阳极9运动的调整部件3。同时还使阴极8及其电源线避开了炉膛上部的高温腐蚀区，炉膛内的阴极8完全浸泡在电解质中，不与空气接触，既有利于降低电阻又有利于延长使用寿命。
位于外壳7之外接线端81表面的夹套水冷却器12有效降低接线端81的温度，进而降低电阻，提高导电效率。较低的阴极温度还有利于防止电解质沿阴极8向炉壁6之外渗漏。
坩埚10的一端相对于另一端宽度较小且深度较浅有利于坩埚10内的液态金属产品向较深的一端集中，利于设置产品的引出装置和取出产品。
电解金属钕时采用KG6000A电源，主要工艺技术指标：电解温度1030-1100℃，电解电流约6000A，电源输出电压6.5V，金属钕电单耗5.2kW·h/(kgNd)。
电解金属镨时采用KG6000A电源，主要工艺技术指标：电解温度950-1050℃，电解电流约6000A，电源输出电压6.3V，金属钕电单耗5.2kW·h/(kgPr)。
实施例2
参见图2、图7。
电解炉，包括进料管1、调整部件3、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、阴极8、阳极9、坩埚10、水冷却器12、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20。所述外壳7内有保温层16、炉壁6，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5。外壳7之上设有密封罩4将外壳7罩于其中。所述炉膛5内设有2块阴极8a、8b和3块阳极9a、9b、9c。所述各阴极8为金属板，在外壳7之外至炉壁6内壁的一端为接线端81，另一端自外壳7之外穿过外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6竖直悬置于炉膛5内，通过防渗绝缘部件20密封固定于炉壁6、保温层16及外壳7中。所述阳极9a、9b、9c各自的上端91a、91b、91c分别穿过密封罩4与位于密封罩4之上对应的调整部件3a、3b、3c连接，调整部件3a、3b、3c固定在密封罩4之上的支架(图中未示出)上分别控制对应的阳极9a、9b、9c运动。各阳极9与各阴极8均平行，各阴极8的两侧分别悬挂1块阳极9，阴极8与阳极9交替布置。所述各调整部件3可以分别控制对应的阳极9升降和/或前后、左右运动。所述坩埚10的截面呈梯形，置于炉膛5底部位于二块阴极8下 方，其上沿保持水平，底部一角相对于其余各角深度较深。所述水冷却器12安装在外壳7之外的接线端81表面与外壳7保持适当距离。水冷却器12与外壳7保持适当距离可以节省水冷却器12与外壳7直接接触时二者之间设置的绝缘材料。
由于位于中间的阳极9b是双面电解，即双面消耗，阳极9b二电解工作面与阴极8a、8b的距离不断增大，并可能出现阳极9b二电解工作面消耗速度不同，使阳极9b的左电解面与阴极8a的距离与阳极9b的右电解面与阴极8b的距离不同。造成各电极电解区间的电解速度不均匀，不同电解区间的电解原料浓度差异增大。电解原料浓度过高的电解区间中的电解原料未能完全电解而将下沉至炉底部，电解原料浓度过低的电解区间因缺少电解原料而可能出现阳极效应。此时可以通过调整部件3b控制阳极9b移动使得阳极9b的左、右电解面与阴极8a、8b间的距离相互适应。根据阳极9b的左、右电解面与阴极8a、8b间距离的变化，还可以通过调整部件3a、3c分别相应调整阳极9a、阳极9c电解面与阴极8a、8b的间距，达到各电解区均匀电解的目的。
电解金属镧时，阳极9顶端通过导线与电源正极连接，二接线端81在外壳7外并联后与电源的负极连接。镧化合物等原材料自进料管1进入炉膛5内，熔融的电解质将炉膛5内的阴极8完全浸泡。接通电源后镧化合物在阴极8上被电解成金属镧液体沿阴极8流向坩埚10而被收集于坩埚10内并自动向较深一端集中。需要调整电解炉电压、电流、电流密度等工艺参数时，可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9升降或前后移动改变阳极9的有效电解面积、电流密度等工艺参数，也可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9左右移动改变阴阳两极间的距离达到调整工艺参数的目的。
坩埚10的截面呈梯形可以达到减少制作坩埚10的用料，节约资源和防止坩埚10变形的目的，还有利于出炉。
主要电解工艺技术指标：电解温度950-1000℃，电解电流约8000A，电源输出电压6.6V，金属镧电单耗5.5kW·h/(kgLa)。
实施例3
参见图3、图7。
电解炉，包括进料管1、调整部件3、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、阴极8、阳极9、坩埚10、通道11、夹套水冷却器12、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20。所述外壳7内依次有保温层16和炉壁6，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5，炉膛5顶部设有密封罩4盖合在保温层16之上。所述炉膛5内设有2块阴极8和4块阳极9。所述各阴极8一端自外壳7之外穿过外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6竖直悬置于炉膛5内，在外壳7之外的另一端成为接 线端81，在炉体外与电源的负极连接；各阴极8分别密封固定于外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6中，阴极8与炉壁6、保温层16及外壳7之间有防渗绝缘部件20。所述调整部件3还包括连杆33，其中调整部件3位于密封罩4之上，连杆33穿过密封罩4与各石墨阳极9连接。所述调整部件3通过所述阳极9呈矩形，卡合在连杆33的下端，在每块阴极8的两侧平行地各悬挂一块阳极9。所述调整部件3控制阳极9升降和/或前后、左右移动，调整部件3还可以控制阳极9绕水平线和/或铅垂线转动。各阴极8下方炉膛5底部各设置一个坩埚10，二坩埚10之间设有连通二坩埚10的通道11。所述夹套水冷却器12安装在外壳7之外的接线端81表面。
电解镨钕合金时，所述石墨阳极9与电源正极连接，接线端81与电源负极连接。炉膛5内的阴极8浸泡在熔盐等物料中，接通电源后稀土化合物在阴极8上被电解成混合金属液体沿阴极8流下被收集于坩埚10内。需要调整电解炉电压、电流密度等工艺参数时，可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9升降和/或前后移动、转动改变阳极9的有效导电面积、电流密度等调整相应工艺参数，也可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9左右运动改变阴阳两极间的距离达到调整相应工艺参数的目的。
采用阴极8与阳极9坚直平行布置，有利于反应气体逸出。在每块阴极8的两侧平行地各悬挂一块阳极9，可以单独调整任一块阳极9，便于控制平稳生产。
必要时，可以控制阳极9连续地进行小幅升降和/或前后移动以搅拌电解质，使电解质更均匀和/或加快气体的逸出。
设置通道11后，从两阴极8分别电解产生的镨钕合金最终进入同一个坩埚10，可以只从一个坩埚10取出产品，克服了分别从各坩埚10取出产品时需设置多个出炉装置的缺陷，同时提高了产品的一致性。
以本实施例结构设置多组阴阳极即可实现大型化，与中国专利ZL201320875408.4等配合使用便于实现自动化，并且更加节能，实现清洁生产。
电解镨钕合金时采用HISFB-10000A高频开关电源，主要工艺技术指标：电解温度1000-1080℃，电解电流约10000A，电源输出电压6.4V，镨钕合金电单耗5.1kW·h/(kgPrNd)。
实施例4
参见图1、图4。
电解炉，包括进料管1、调整部件3、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、阴极8、阳极9、坩埚10、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20。所述外壳7内有炉壁6，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5，炉膛5顶部设有密封罩4。所述炉膛5内设有2块板状阴极8和2块阳极9。 所述二阴极8分别从外壳7的两侧相向穿过外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6各有一端悬置于炉膛5内处于同一垂直平面内相互不接触，在外壳7之外的另一端成为各自的接线端81；各阴极8分别通过防渗绝缘部件20密封固定于外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6中。所述阳极9呈矩形，大小与二阴极8在炉膛5内的大小相匹配，与调整部件3的连杆33通过螺钉连接，与阴极8平行地悬挂于阴极8的两侧。所述调整部件3可以控制阳极9升降和/或前后、左右运动。所述坩埚10置于炉膛5底部位于二阴极8下方。
采用2块阴极8在同一平面内相向布置，可以使用更容易取得的较小阴极材料，降低阴极成本。
电解金属镨时，阳极9与电源正极连接，接线端81在炉体外分别与电源的负极连接。
电解金属镨时采用HISFB-10000A高频开关电源，主要工艺技术指标：电解温度950-1050℃，电解电流约10000A，电源输出电压6.3V，金属钕电单耗5.2kW·h/(kgPr)。
实施例5
参见图1、图6、图8。
电解炉，包括进料管1、调整部件3、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、阴极8、阳极9、坩埚10、冷却器12b、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20。所述外壳7内自外向内有保温层16和由石墨材料筑成的炉壁6，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5，炉膛5顶部设有密封罩4盖合在保温层16上。所述炉膛5内设有2块阴极8和2块阳极9。所述二阴极8为板状，分别从外壳7的两侧相向穿过外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6处于同一垂直平面内相互固定连接，在炉壁6之外的另一端成为各自的接线端81；各阴极8密封固定于外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6中，阴极8与外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6之间有防渗绝缘部件20。所述阳极9呈矩形，大小与二阴极8在炉膛5内的大小相匹配，上端与位于位于密封罩4之上并穿过密封罩4的调整部件3的连杆33下端用螺栓连接，与阴极8平行地悬挂于阴极8的两侧。所述调整部件3可以控制阳极9升降和/或前后、左右运动。所述坩埚10置于炉膛5底部位于阴极8下方。在阴极8的接线端81内有内孔12a，用以通水冷却阴极8的接线端81及位于外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6内的部分阴极8及防渗绝缘部件20。所述冷却器12b设有冷却液进出口(图中未示出)包裹在防渗绝缘部件20的外侧贴紧炉壁6。所述冷却器12b也可以与炉壁6保持适当距离。
采用2块阴极8在同一垂直平面内相互固定连接，有利于加强阴极8的稳定性。且可以使用更易取得的较短阴极材料。
在阴极8的接线端81开设内孔12a可以提高对位于炉壁6、保温层16内的接线端81及 其附近的部分阴极8等的冷却效果，降低电阻。同时由于炉壁6、保温层16内的接线端81的温度降低，有利于可能沿阴极8渗出的电解质等液体凝固，阻止熔盐等液体渗至外壳之外。
冷却器12b包裹在防渗绝缘部件20的外侧贴紧炉壁6可以有效冷却防渗绝缘部件20及炉壁6，进一步强化阻止电解质等液体渗出的效果。
电解金属钕时采用HISFB-10000A高频开关电源，阳极9与电源正极连接。二接线端81可以分别与电源的负极连接，也可以只有一个接线端81与电源的负极连接。二接线端81分别与电源的负极连接时可以降低接线端81及导线的电流。
主要工艺技术指标：电解温度1030-1100℃，电解电流约10000A，电源输出电压6.4V，金属钕电单耗5.1kW·h/(kgNd)。
实施例6
参见图3、图9、图10。
电解炉，包括进料管1、调整部件3、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、阴极8、阳极9、坩埚10、夹套水冷却器12、引流板15、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20。所述外壳7内依次有保温层16和炉壁6，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5，炉膛5顶部设有密封罩4盖合在保温层16上。所述炉膛5内设有3块阴极8和6块阳极9。所述各阴极8由金属板制成，一端自外壳7之外穿过外壳7、保温层16及炉壁6竖直布置置于炉膛5内到达对侧炉壁6中并有防渗绝缘部件20将各阴极8与炉壁6隔离；在外壳7之外的另一端成为接线端81；各接线端81密封固定于外壳7、保温层16及炉壁6中，各接线端81与外壳7、保温层16及炉壁6之间均有防渗绝缘部件20。所述引流板15由金属材料制成，共6件，分别位于炉膛5内各防渗绝缘部件20及阴极8下方，自防渗绝缘部件20下的炉壁6向坩埚10倾斜，止于坩埚10内壁内的上方。所述阳极9由多块石墨拼接呈矩形，与调整部件3的连杆33可拆卸连接，在每块阴极8的两侧平行地各悬挂一块阳极9。所述调整部件3可以控制阳极9升降和/或前后、左右运动。各阴极8下方炉膛5底部各设置一个坩埚10。所述夹套水冷却器12a安装在外壳7之外的接线端81表面。在阴极8的接线端81内还预置有铜管12b，用以通水冷却阴极8的接线端81及位于炉壁6、保温层16处的部分阴极8、防渗绝缘部件20。
阴极8在炉膛内的一端固定于接线端81对侧的炉壁6中改善了自身重力对阴极8影响的状况，减小了阴极8在工作时因自身重力变形的可能性。
引流板15可以将在阴极8上靠近炉壁6落下的稀土金属引入坩埚10中，避免在坩埚10内壁垂线之外与炉壁6之间的阴极8生成的稀土金属及阴极8在安装、使用过程中造成的变形，使得稀土金属产品沿变形的阴极8流至坩埚10之外，造成与构筑炉壁6的石墨材料直接 接触后稀土金属产品碳含量增加而致使产品质量下降的缺陷。通常落在坩埚10之外的稀土金属或合金产品的碳含量可以由约0.02wt％增加至约0.1wt％，将严重影响产品质量。
电解镨钕合金时采用HISFB-15000A高频开关电源，各阳极9分别与电源正极连接。各阴极8分别与电源的负极连接。主要工艺技术指标：电解温度1000-1080℃，电解电流约15000A，电源输出电压6.2V，镨钕合金电单耗5kW·h/(kgPrNd)。
实施例7
参见图3、图11。
电解炉，包括进料管1、调整部件3、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、阴极8、阳极9、坩埚10、夹套水冷却器12、引流板15、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20。所述外壳7内有炉壁6，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5，炉膛5顶部设有密封罩4。所述炉膛5内设有3块阴极8和6块阳极9。所述各阴极8分别由多根矩形金属棒叠合制成，两端分别焊接成一体，两端分别穿过外壳7及炉壁6竖直布置；在外壳7之外的任一端均可成为接线端81与电源的负极连接；各阴极8密封固定于炉壁6中，各阴极8两端与炉壁6及外壳7之间均有防渗绝缘部件20。所述引流板15由金属材料制成，共6件，分别位于炉膛5内各防渗绝缘部件20及阴极8下方，自防渗绝缘部件20向坩埚10倾斜，止于坩埚10内壁上方。所述阳极9呈矩形，上端与调整部件3连接，在每块阴极8的两侧平行地各悬挂一块阳极9。所述阳极9通过导线与电源正极连接。所述调整部件3可以控制阳极9升降和/或前后、左右运动。各阴极8下方炉膛5底部各设置一个坩埚10。所述夹套水冷却器12安装在外壳7之外的接线端81表面。
矩形棒状金属易取得，强度大，制作及安装方便，使用可靠。
电解镨钕合金时采用HISFB-15000A高频开关电源，主要工艺技术指标：电解温度1000-1080℃，电解电流约15000A，电源输出电压6.1V，镨钕合金电单耗4.9kW·h/(kgPrNd)。
实施例8
参见图1、图5、图8。
电解炉，包括进料管1、调整部件3、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、阴极8、阳极9、坩埚10、冷却器12b、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20。所述外壳7内自外向内有保温层16和由石墨材料筑成的炉壁6，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5，炉膛5顶部设有密封罩4盖合在保温层16上。所述炉膛5内设有1块阴极8和2块阳极9。所述阴极8为板状，两端分别穿过外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6在外壳7之外成为两个接线端81；二接线端81分别 密封固定于两侧的外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6中，阴极8与外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6之间有防渗绝缘部件20。所述阳极9呈矩形，与阴极8在炉膛5内的大小相匹配，与位于位于密封罩4之上的调整部件3的穿过密封罩4的连杆33用螺栓连接，与阴极8平行地悬挂于阴极8的两侧。所述调整部件3可以通过连杆33控制阳极9升降和/或前后、左右移动、转动。所述转动包括绕水平线和/或垂直线转动。所述坩埚10置于炉膛5底部位于阴极8下方。在阴极8的接线端81内有内孔12a，用以通水冷却阴极8的接线端81及位于外壳7及防渗绝缘部件20。
整块阴极8穿过并固定在外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6中，阴极8的强度好，承受自身重力能力优良。
在阴极8的接线端81一端开设内孔12a可以提高对位于炉壁6内的接线端81及其附近的部分阴极8等的冷却效果，降低电阻。同时由于炉壁6内的接线端81的温度降低，有利于可能沿阴极8渗出的电解质等液体凝固，阻止熔盐等液体渗至外壳之外。
冷却器12b包裹在防渗绝缘部件20的外侧贴紧炉壁6可以有效冷却防渗绝缘部件20及炉壁6，进一步强化阻止电解质等液体渗出的效果。
电解金属钕时采用HISFB-10000A高频开关电源，阳极9与电源正极连接。二接线端81可以分别与电源的负极连接，也可以只有一个接线端81与电源的负极连接。二接线端81分别与电源的负极连接时可以降低接线端81及导线的电流。主要工艺技术指标：电解温度1030-1100℃，电解电流约10000A，电源输出电压6.4V，金属钕电单耗5.1kW·h/(kgPrNd)。
对比例1
参见图15
现有5KA稀土熔盐电解炉，包括炉盖板30、阴极31、阳极导电板32、刚玉垫圈33、保温层34、炉壁35、阳极36、炉外壳37和钼坩埚38。所述炉外壳37由钢板焊接制成，由保温棉和保温砖等材料砌筑成保温层34，石墨坩埚及填充材料筑成石墨槽炉壁35。所述炉壁35内的空腔形成炉膛39。所述石墨槽炉膛39内设有1个钼坩埚38、4块阳极36和1根阴极31，阴极31垂直悬挂于炉膛39内、钼坩埚38上方，阳极36围绕阴极31悬挂于炉膛39内。阴极31与电源负极连接。所述钼坩埚38位于炉膛39底部。所述阳极导电板32的下端与阳极36螺栓连接，上端与电源正极连接。
采用本对比例5KA电解炉采用KG6000A电源，电解生产金属钕的主要工艺技术指标：电解温度1030-1150℃，电解电流约5000A，槽电压9.5V，电单耗为8.8kW·h/(kgNd)。
现有稀土电解炉炉型具有以下缺陷：炉口敞开的阴极上挂式结构，废气收集困难，工作 环境恶劣，劳动强度大；规模小、槽电压高、炉温高、能耗高、炉口上部空间小结构复杂，难于实现自动化和大型化。为保证电解炉正常运行，为方便调整工艺参数，通常采用比实际需要更大的电源。即电源留有余地，正常电解时利用率及效率较低。
实施例9
参见图1、图7、图12。
电解炉组，包括共用电源12和电解炉Ⅰ、Ⅱ。将2台电解炉Ⅰ、Ⅱ串联，使2台电解炉与共用1台电源12组成电路41(图12中粗线)。即电解炉Ⅰ的阳极9与共用电源12的正极连接，电解炉Ⅱ的阴极8与共用电源12的负极连接，电解炉Ⅰ的阴极8与电解炉Ⅱ的阳极9连接组成电解炉组。
所述电解炉Ⅰ、Ⅱ相同，为实施例1所述电解炉。所述共用电源12采用KG6000A电源。
电解时，由共用电源12提供电解炉Ⅰ、Ⅱ所需总电压及电解电流。需要调整各电解炉的电解电流、电流密度、温度等工艺参数时，可以通过各电解炉的调整部件3控制相应阳极9升降或前后运动改变阳极9的有效导电面积、电流密度等调整相应工艺参数，也可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9左右运动改变阴阳两极间的距离达到调整相应工艺参数的目的。
电解时，电解炉Ⅰ生产金属钕，电解炉Ⅱ生产金属镨。主要工艺技术指标如下：
电解炉Ⅰ：电解温度1030-1100℃，电解电流约6000A，金属钕电单耗4.8kW·h/(kgNd)。
电解炉Ⅱ：电解温度1000-1050℃，电解电流约6000A，金属镨电单耗4.7kW·h/(kgPr)。
共用电源12输出电压12.7V，输出电流6000A。
共用电源12输出电压升高后有利于减少电能的损耗。
更换生产品种或型号/规格后也可以仅调整阴阳两极距离即可调整电解炉组中各电解炉相关工艺参数。
实施例10
参见图3、图9、图10、图13。
电解炉组，包括1台共用电源12、4台电解炉(A、N、P、Z)、2台辅助电源(13N、13P)及8个开关(17A、18A、17N、18N、17P、18P、17Z及18Z)。4台电解炉均为实施例6所述电解炉。所述共用电源12为HISFB-15000A高频开关电源。
所述电解炉A的阳极9A与共用电源12的正极连接、阳极9A与共用电源12之间有开关18A，电解炉A的阴极8A与电解炉N的阳极9N连接，阴极8A与阳极9N之间有开关18N，电解炉N的阴极8N与电解炉P的阳极9P连接、阴极8N与阳极9P之间有开关18P，电解炉P 的阴极8P与电解炉Z的阳极9Z连接、阴极8P与阳极9Z之间有开关18Z，电解炉Z的阴极8Z与共用电源12的负极连接组成电解炉组的主回路41。
所述电解炉N还配有辅助电源13N，电解炉P还配有辅助电源13P。
所述辅助电源13N的正极与阳极9N连接，负极与阴极8N连接。所述辅助电源13P的正极与阳极9P连接，负极与阴极8P连接。
所述开关17A与导线组成控制电路42A并联在主回路41中电解炉A的两端，控制电路42A与开关18A联合可以切停电解炉A。所述开关17N与导线组成控制电路42N并联在主回路41中电解炉N的两端，控制电路42N与开关18N联合可以切停电解炉N。所述开关17P与导线组成控制电路42P并联在主回路41中电解炉P的两端，控制电路42P与开关18P联合可以切停电解炉P。所述开关17Z与导线组成控制电路42Z并联在电解炉Z的电路中，控制电路42Z与开关18Z联合可以切停电解炉Z。
上述各开关18及对应的各控制电路42组合作用，可以将电解炉A、N、P、Z自电解炉组中任意切停而不影响其余电解炉的使用。
电解时，由共用电源12提供电解炉A、N、P、Z所需总电压及按电解炉组中电解电流最低的电解炉A、Z所需电流供电。需要调整其余各电解炉的电解电流、电流密度、温度等工艺参数时，可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9升降或前后运动改变阳极9的有效导电面积、电流密度等调整相应工艺参数，也可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9左右运动改变阴阳两极间的距离达到调整相应工艺参数的目的。必要时，还可以控制各辅助电源13调整相应电解炉的电解炉温度、电流、电流密度等工艺参数。
生产中电解炉A、Z分别主要以阳极9A、9Z左右运动调整极距控制电解炉A、Z电解温度等工艺参数。电解炉N在以阳极9N左右运动调整极距的同时，辅以辅助电源13N输出电流100A－600A控制电解炉温度等工艺参数。电解炉P在以阳极9P左右运动调整极距的同时，辅以辅助电源13P输出电流200A－500A控制电解炉温度等工艺参数。
在共用电源12稳定供电的基础上，上述调节方式中以调整阴阳两极极距最灵敏，因此在调整工艺参数时应首先调整阴阳两极极距。当以调整极距的方式还不能达到最佳工艺参数时，还可以控制各辅助电源13调整相应电解炉的电解炉温度、电流、电流密度等工艺参数。
自电解炉组中任意切停电解炉A和/或N、P、Z后，应调整共用电源12输出的总电压和/或电流调整相应工艺参数。还可以各控制辅助电源13调整对应电解炉的电解炉温度、电流、电流密度等工艺参数。
主要电解工艺技术指标：
电解炉A、N、P、Z均生产镨钕合金，共用电源12输出电压24.6V，电流约15000A，电 解温度1000-1080℃，镨钕合金电单耗4.5kW·h/(kgPrNd)。
共用电源12输出电压低于4台电解炉A单独电解镨钕合金时的电源输出电压之和。
实施例11
参见图1、图11、图14。
电解炉组，包括共用电源12、辅助电源13和电解炉A、Z。
所述电解炉A、Z相同，为实施例7所述电解炉。
所述共用电源12为HISFB-15000A高频开关电源。
共用电源12与电解炉A、电解炉Z串联，形成的电解电路为主回路41。即电解炉A的阳极A9与共用电源12的正极连接，电解炉Z的阴极8Z与共用电源12的负极连接，电解炉A的阴极8A与电解炉Z的阳极9Z连接组成电解主回路41(图14中粗实线)。辅助电源13连接在电解主回路41中电解炉Z的两端。即辅助电源12的正极连接于电解炉Z的阳极Z9，负极连接于电解炉Z的阳极Z8。也就是说，辅助电源13工作时与共用电源12共同对电解炉Z并联供电。
电解镨钕合金时，由共用电源12输出电压控制电解炉组的总电压，并按电解炉A所需电流输出电流提供电解炉A、Z所需电能。生产中电解炉A、Z分别以阳极9A、9Z左右运动调整极距控制电解炉A、Z的电解温度等工艺参数，也可以通过调整部件3A、3Z分别控制阳极9A、9Z升降或前后运动改变阳极的有效导电面积、电流密度等调整相应工艺参数。电解炉Z还可以在以阳极9Z左右运动调整极距的同时辅以辅助电源Z13输出电流100A－600A控制电解炉Z的电解电流、温度等工艺参数。也可以单独调节辅助电源13Z输出电流100A－600A控制电解炉Z的电解电流、温度等工艺参数。各阴极8的工作面基本垂直电解质液体的液面，液态金属钕沿阴极8工作面直接落入坩埚10内。随着各阳极9的消耗，各调整部件3控制相应阳极9逐渐向对应阴极8靠拢，以保持合适的阴阳极距离。由于各阳极9在消耗时可能出现非均匀消耗，因此，各调整部件3还可以控制各阳极9前后和/或上下移动以调整有效电解面积；必要时，各阳极9在相应调整部件3的控制下还可以绕水平线和/或铅垂线转动以尽可能保持阳极9电解工作面与阴极8工作面平行。通常阳极9转动的角度在15°以内，以3-5°最常用。上述阳极9的所有运动，均有助于电解时产生的气体逸出。
电解时，电解炉A、Z均生产镨钕合金：共用电源12输出电压12.4V，输出电流约15000A；辅助电源Z13输出电流100A－600A，电解温度1030-1100℃，金属钕平均电单耗4.5kW·h/(kgPrNd)。
实施例12
参见图3、图9、图10、图13。
电解炉组，包括1台共用电源12、6台电解炉(A、B、N、P、Y及Z)、6台辅助电源(13A、13B、13N、13P、13Y及13Z)及12个开关(17A、18A、17B、18B、17N、18N、17P、18P、17Y、18Y、17Z及18Z)。所述共用电源12为HISFB-15000A高频开关电源。
所述电解炉A的阳极9A与共用电源12的正极连接，阳极9A与共用电源12之间有开关18A，电解炉A的阴极8A与电解炉B的阳极9B连接，阴极8A与阳极9B之间有开关18B，电解炉B的阴极8B与电解炉N的阳极9N连接，阴极8B与阳极9N之间有开关18N，电解炉N的阴极8N与电解炉P的阳极9P连接、阴极8N与阳极9P之间有开关18P，电解炉P的阴极8P与电解炉Y的阳极9Y连接、阴极8P与阳极9Y之间有开关18Y，电解炉Y的阴极8Y与电解炉Z的阳极9Z连接、阴极8Y与阳极9Z之间有开关18Z，电解炉Z的阴极8Z与共用电源12的负极连接组成电解炉组中共用电源12向各电解炉同时供电的主回路41。
各电解炉分别配有1台辅助电源13，所述各辅助电源13的正极与各自电解炉的阳极9连接，各辅助电源13的负极与各自电解炉的阴极8连接。
所述开关17A与导线组成控制电路42A并联在主回路42中电解炉A的两端，控制电路42A与开关18A联合可以切停电解炉A。所述开关17B与导线组成控制电路42B并联在主回路42中电解炉B的两端，控制电路42B与开关18B联合可以切停电解炉B。所述开关17N与导线组成控制电路42N并联在主回路42中电解炉N的电两端，控制电路42N与开关18N联合可以切停电解炉N。所述开关17P与导线组成控制电路42P并联在主回路42中电解炉P的两端，控制电路42P与开关18P联合可以切停电解炉P。所述开关17Y与导线组成控制电路42Y并联在主回路42中电解炉Y的两端，控制电路42Y与开关18Y联合可以切停电解炉Y。所述开关17Z与导线组成控制电路42Z并联在主回路42中电解炉Z的两端，控制电路42Z与开关18Z联合可以切停电解炉Z。
所述电解炉A、B、N、P、Y及Z相同，其中电解炉A为实施例2中所用电解炉。
上述各开关18及对应的各控制电路42组合作用，可以将任意电解炉自电解炉组中切停而不影响其余电解炉的使用。
电解时，由共用电源12提供电解炉A、B、N、P、Y及Z所需总电压及按电解炉组中电解电流最低的电解炉A所需的电流供电。需要调整其余各电解炉的电解电流、电流密度、温度等工艺参数时，可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9升降或前后运动改变阳极9的有效导电面积、电流密度等调整相应工艺参数，也可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9左右运动改变阴阳两极间的距离达到调整相应工艺参数的目的。必要时，还可以控制各辅助电源13调整相应电解炉的 电解炉温度、电流、电流密度等工艺参数。
在共用电源12稳定供电的基础上，调节各台电解炉的工艺参数时上述调节方式中以调整需调节电解炉的阴阳两极极距最灵敏，因此在调整工艺参数时应首先调整阴阳两极极距。当以调整极距的方式还不能达到最佳工艺参数时，还可以控制各辅助电源13调整相应电解炉的电解炉温度、电流、电流密度等工艺参数。在只需要调节一台或少数几台电解炉的工艺参数时以调节需调节电解炉的辅助电源最方便。
以调节电解炉的辅助电源输出电流来调节各电解炉的工艺参数时，由于不需要调整电解炉的电解电压，有利于降低电解电耗。
在夹套水冷却器12、铜管12b中冷却水的作用下，一方面阴极8的温度下降、电阻下降、产品电耗降低；另一方面如炉内电解质液体沿阴极8渗出时可以及时凝固渗出的电解质。
自电解炉组中任意切停电解炉A和/或B、N、P、Y、Z后，可以调整共用电源12输出的总电压和/或电流调整相应工艺参数。还可以各控制辅助电源13调整对应电解炉的电解炉温度、电流、电流密度等工艺参数。
主要电解工艺技术指标：
电解炉A、B、N、P、Y及Z均生产镨钕合金，共用电源12输出电压37.6V，电流约15000A，电解温度1000-1080℃，镨钕合金电单耗4.4kW·h/(kgPrNd)。
生产中各电解炉主要分别以阳极9左右运动调整阴极8与阳极9两极距离控制各电解炉电解电压、电解温度等工艺参数，辅助电源A13、B13、Z13分别输出电流100-400A。电解炉N在以阳极N9左右运动调整极距的同时，辅以辅助电源N13输出电流400-600A控制电解炉温度等工艺参数。电解炉P、Y在以阳极P9左右运动调整极距的同时，辅以辅助电源P13、Y13分别输出电流600-900A控制电解炉温度等工艺参数。
在生产中需要调整单台电解炉的电解温度等工艺参数时，可以调整相应辅助电源13输出的电流，此时对电解炉组中其余电解炉影响更小。
共用电源12输出电压与各台电解炉单独电解稀土金属的电源输出电压之和的差的绝对值随电解炉组中工作的电解炉数量增加而增加；产品电单耗随电解炉组中工作的电解炉数量增加而降低。
实施例13
参见图2、图7。
电解炉，包括进料管1、调整部件3、密封罩4、炉膛5、炉壁6、外壳7、阴极8、阳极9、坩埚10、水冷却器12、保温层16和防渗绝缘部件20。所述外壳7内有保温层16、炉壁 6，炉壁6内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛5。外壳7之上设有密封罩4将外壳7罩于其中。所述炉膛5内设有2块阴极8a、8b和3块阳极9a、9b、9c。所述各阴极8为金属板，在外壳7之外至炉壁6内壁的一端为接线端81，另一端自外壳7之外穿过外壳7及保温层16、炉壁6竖直悬置于炉膛5内，通过防渗绝缘部件20密封固定于炉壁6、保温层16及外壳7中。所述阳极9a、9b、9c各自的上端91a、91b、91c分别穿过密封罩4与位于密封罩4之上对应的调整部件3a、3b、3c连接，各调整部件3分别控制对应的阳极9运动。各阳极9与各阴极8均平行，各阴极8的两侧分别悬挂1块阳极9，阴极8与阳极9交替布置。所述各调整部件3可以分别控制对应的阳极9升降和/或前后、左右运动。所述坩埚10的截面呈梯形，置于炉膛5底部位于二块阴极8下方，其上沿保持水平，底部一角相对于其余各角深度较深。所述水冷却器12安装在外壳7之外的接线端81表面与外壳7保持适当距离。水冷却器12与外壳7保持适当距离可以节省水冷却器12与外壳7直接接触时二者之间设置的绝缘材料。
阳极9顶端通过导线与电源正极连接，二接线端81在外壳7外并联后与电源的负极连接。镧化合物等原材料自进料管1进入炉膛5内，熔融的电解质将炉膛5内的阴极8完全浸泡。接通电源后镧化合物在阴极8上被电解成金属镧液体沿阴极8流向坩埚10而被收集于坩埚10内并自动向较深一端集中。需要调整电解炉电压、电流、电流密度等工艺参数时，可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9升降或前后移动改变阳极9的有效电解面积、电流密度等工艺参数，也可以通过调整部件3控制阳极9左右移动改变阴阳两极间的距离达到调整工艺参数的目的。
以无水氯化镧为原料在氯化物熔盐体系中电解金属镧时，阳极9消耗速度缓慢，因而阳极9被消耗造成的阴阳两极间距变化小。因此，位于两阴极8之间的阳极9可以采用双面电解以提高阳极9的效率。
主要电解工艺技术指标：电解温度920-980℃，电解电流约8000A，电源输出电压10V，金属镧电单耗10.7kW·h/(kgLa)。
以上仅是本发明所列举的几种优选方式，本领域技术人员应理解，本发明实施方式并不限于以上几种，任何在本发明的基础上所作的等效变换，均应属于本发明的范畴。

Claims (10)

  1. 电解炉组，包括共用电源(12)和至少2台电解炉；所述各电解炉包括阴极(8)和阳极(9)，所述共用电源(12)与各电解炉按照共用电源(12)的正极与第一台电解炉的阳极连接、其后每台电解炉的阳极与前一台电解炉的阴极连接、最末一台电解炉的阴极与共用电源(12)的负极连接组成；共用电源(12)向各电解炉供电的电路为主电路(41)，其特征在于所述各电解炉还包括调整部件(3)，所述调整部件(3)控制阳极(9)运动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述电解炉组，其特征在于至少有1台电解炉还配有辅助电源(13)，所述各辅助电源(13)的正极与对应电解炉的阳极连接，辅助电源(13)的负极与对应电解炉的阴极连接。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述电解炉组，其特征在于还包括开关及将任意电解炉自电解炉组中切停的控制电路(42)。
  4. 如权利要求3所述电解炉组，其特征在于包括1台共用电源(12)、4台电解炉(A、N、P、Z)、4台辅助电源(A13、N13、P13、Z13)及8个开关(A1、A2、N1、N2、P1、P2、Z1及Z2)；所述电解炉还包括进料管(1)、密封罩(4)、炉膛(5)、炉壁(6)、外壳(7)、坩埚(10)、夹套水冷却器(12)、保温层(16)和防渗防渗绝缘部件(20)；所述外壳(7)内有炉壁(6)，炉壁(6)内的空腔形成顶部开口的炉膛(5)，炉膛(5)顶部设有密封罩(4)盖合在保温层(16)之上。所述炉膛(5)内设有2块阴极(8)和4块阳极(9)；所述各阴极(8)一端自外壳(7)之外穿过外壳(7)及炉壁(6)竖直悬置于炉膛(5)内，在外壳(7)之外的另一端成为接线端(81)，在炉体外与电源的负极连接；各阴极(8)密封固定于炉壁(6)中，阴极(8)与炉壁(6)及外壳(7)之间有防渗防渗绝缘部件(20)。所述阳极(9)呈矩形，上端卡合在位于密封罩(4)之上并穿过密封罩(4)的调整部件(3)的下端，在每块阴极(8)的两侧平行地 各悬挂一块阳极(9)；所述调整部件(3)的上端通过导线与电源正极连接；所述调整部件(3)控制阳极(9)升降和/或前后、左右运动；各阴极(8)下方炉膛(5)底部各设置一个坩埚(10)，二坩埚(10)之间设有连通的通道；所述夹套水冷却器(12)安装在外壳(7)之外的接线端(81)表面。
  5. 如权利要求1所述电解炉组的使用方法，其特征在于以共用电源(12)为各电解炉提供电源，通过调整共用电源(13)输出电流和/或电压调整电解炉组的电解工艺参数。
  6. 如权利要求5所述电解炉组的使用方法，其特征在于通过各电解炉的调整部件(3)控制阳极(9)运动调整各电解炉阴极(8)与阳极(9)之间的距离和/或有效电解面积调整各电解炉的电解工艺参数。
  7. 如权利要求5所述电解炉组的使用方法，其特征在于调整辅助电源(13)输出电压和/或电流调整对应各电解炉的电解工艺参数。
  8. 如权利要求5所述电解炉组的使用方法，其特征在于所述电解炉组中任意电解炉停止使用时，可以控制相应开关切断向该电解炉供电的主电路(41)并接通该电解炉的控制电路(42)将该电解炉自电解炉组中切停。
  9. 如权利要求8所述电解炉组的使用方法，其特征在于切停至少1台电解炉后，可以调整共用电源(12)输出的总电压和/或电流调整相应工艺参数。
  10. 如权利要求5-9任一所述电解炉组的使用方法，其特征在于调整各电解炉工艺参数时首先调整阴阳两极极距。
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