WO2016109780A1 - Articles abrasifs colorés et procédé de fabrication d'articles abrasifs colorés - Google Patents

Articles abrasifs colorés et procédé de fabrication d'articles abrasifs colorés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016109780A1
WO2016109780A1 PCT/US2015/068245 US2015068245W WO2016109780A1 WO 2016109780 A1 WO2016109780 A1 WO 2016109780A1 US 2015068245 W US2015068245 W US 2015068245W WO 2016109780 A1 WO2016109780 A1 WO 2016109780A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bonded abrasive
color
abrasive
bond material
abrasive body
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2015/068245
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael W. Klett
Davinder S. DHAMI
Original Assignee
Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc.
Saint-Gobain Abrasifs
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc., Saint-Gobain Abrasifs filed Critical Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc.
Publication of WO2016109780A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016109780A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
    • B24D3/344—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent the bonding agent being organic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0027—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B24D3/285—Reaction products obtained from aldehydes or ketones
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D7/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting otherwise than only by their periphery, e.g. by the front face; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D7/02—Wheels in one piece

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to abrasive articles and methods of making abrasive articles, and more particularly to colored abrasive articles and methods of making colored abrasive articles.
  • Colored bonded abrasive articles formed from high grade bond materials have not been able to be produced with traditional methods. During curing and ageing of such abrasive articles formed form high grade bond materials, the bond material substantially darkens such that a dark brown to black color is created. Further, traditional color additives and processes used in making colored bonded abrasive articles formed from lower grade bond materials could not overcome the substantial darkening of the bond material and/or would degrade the strength and toughness of the bond material. As such, colored bonded abrasive articles formed from high grade bond materials that retain their high strength and toughness have been unachievable.
  • the present inventors have surprisingly discovered the ability to create colored bonded abrasive articles formed from high grade bond materials that do not suffer from performance degradations due to the impartation of color.
  • FIG. 1 includes an illustration of a top view of an abrasive article according to one embodiment
  • FIG. 2 includes an illustration of a side view of the abrasive article of FIG. 1.
  • color instability refers to the material's tendency to substantially darken during curing.
  • Certain embodiments of the present disclosure are generally directed to colored abrasive articles and methods of making colored abrasive articles, where the bond material is a high grade bond material that is susceptible to color instability during curing.
  • the bond material can include a color additive that substantially changes the inherent color of the bond material, and the new color is generally maintained after formation and curing of the bonded abrasive body.
  • an abrasive article 10 can include a bonded abrasive body 20 comprising abrasive particles 40 contained within a bond material 30.
  • the bond material 30 can be susceptible to color instability during curing.
  • the bond material 30 can be susceptible to color instability during curing due to the presence of a particular content of certain reactive groups, such as oxidizable reactive groups.
  • the bond material 30 can have a high glass transition temperature (Tg).
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • the bond material can have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of at least about 150°C, at least about 155°C, at least about 160°C, at least about 165°C, at least about 170°C, at least about 175°C, at least about 180°C, at least about 185°C, or even at least about 190°C, at least about 195°C, at least about 200°C, at least about 205°C, at least about 210°C, at least about 215°C, at least about 220°C, or even at least about 225°C.
  • the bond material can have a glass transition temperature (Tg) of not greater than about 350°C, not greater than about 320°C or not greater than about 300°C. Moreover, the bond material can have a glass transition temperature (Tg) in a range of any of the minimums and maximums provided above, such as in a range of from about 150°C to about 350°C, or even from about 155°C to about 300°C.
  • the bond material 30 can be a reaction product of various reaction constituents.
  • the bond material 30 can be a reaction product of constituents including a first resin and a second resin that is distinct from the first resin.
  • the first resin can be a resole.
  • a resole resin refers to a phenol-formaldehyde resin having a formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio of greater than one and is a base-catalyzed resin.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a particular content of the first resin based on the total weight of the first and second resin.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of the first resin of at least about 5 wt.%, at least about 8 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.%, or at least about 12 wt.% based on the total weight of the first and second resins.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of the first resin of not greater than about 80 wt.%, not greater than about 75 wt.%, or even not greater than about 70 wt.% based on the total weight of the first and second resins.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of the first resin in a range of any of the minimums and maximums provided above, such as in a range of from about 5 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, or even 10 wt.% to 75 wt.%, based on the total weight of the first and second resins.
  • the second resin can be a novolac resin.
  • a novolac resin refers to a phenol-formaldehyde resin having a formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio of less than one and is an acid-catalyzed resin.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a particular content of the second resin.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of the second resin of at least about 5 wt.%, at least about 8 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.%, or at least about 12 wt.% based on the total weight of the first and second resins.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of the second resin of not greater than about 80 wt.%, not greater than about 75 wt.%, or even not greater than about 70 wt.% based on the total weight of the first and second resins.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of the second resin in a range of any of the minimums and maximums provided above, such as in a range of from about 5 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, or even 10 wt.% to 75 wt.%, based on the first and second resins.
  • the bond material 30 can further include a hardener.
  • the hardener can be present in the first resin, the second resin, or a combination thereof.
  • the hardener can be present in the second resin.
  • the hardener can serve to increase the crosslinking density of the bond material, and therefore increase its hardness.
  • the hardener can include hexamethylenetetramine
  • the bond material 30 can further be described by the type of crosslink bridges that are formed after curing.
  • the bond material can include a significant amount of methylene and/or dimethylene amino crosslink bridges.
  • the bond material can include an average of at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, or even at least about 70% of dimethylene amino crosslink bridges based on the total average amount of crosslink bridges in the cured bond material.
  • the abrasive article 10 can include a bonded abrasive body 20 containing abrasive particles 40 dispersed within the bond material 30.
  • the bonded abrasive body 20 can further include a color additive.
  • a color additive can be combined with a mixture including the bond material 30 and the abrasive particles 40 and cured to form a colored bonded abrasive article that has a different color than the bonded abrasive body without the color additive.
  • the color additive can include a pigment, a dye, or combinations thereof.
  • the color additive can include a pigment.
  • the color additive can be an organic color additive.
  • the color additive can be described as a thermally stable color additive.
  • a color additive is thermally stable at a particular temperature if the color additive does not break down at that temperature.
  • the color additive can have a thermal stability of at least about 150°C, at least about 155°C, at least about 160°C, at least about 165°C, at least about 170°C, at least about 175°C, at least about 180°C, at least about 185°C, at least about 190°C, at least about 195°C, at least about 200°C, at least about 205°C, at least about 210°C, at least about 215°C, at least about 220°C, or even at least about 225°C.
  • the color additive can be soluble in the same solvent used with the bond material. In this way, the color additive can have good dispersability and mixing with the bond material resins and abrasive particles during production.
  • the color additive can be an organic pigment that is soluble with at least one resin forming the bond material.
  • the bonded abrasive body 20 can further include a filler material that is distinct from the abrasive particles 40, and also dispersed within the bond material 30.
  • the filler can have a hardness that is less than the hardness of the abrasive particle.
  • the filler material can be disposed within the bond material 30.
  • the filler can be in the form of powders, granules, spheres, fibers, or a combination thereof.
  • the filler can be an inorganic material. In other words, the filler can be an inorganic material.
  • the filler can be an organic material.
  • the filler can include a combination of inorganic fillers and organic fillers.
  • the filler can include nepheline syenite, sand, bubble alumina, bauxite, chromites, magnesite, dolomites, bubble mullite, borides, titanium dioxide, carbon products, flour, clay, talc, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, feldspar, glass spheres, glass fibers, CaF 2 , KBF 4 , Cryolite (Na 3 AlF6), potassium Cryolite (K 3 AIF 6 ) , pyrites, ZnS, copper sulfide, mineral oil, fluorides, carbonates, calcium carbonate, or a combination thereof.
  • the filler can also have a particular color.
  • the filler can have any of the colors identified below in regards to the bond material as quantified in the CIELAB color system.
  • the filler can have a color that is substantially similar to the color of the pigmented bond material.
  • the filler can be essentially free of a black filler, such as carbon black.
  • carbon black filler was the typical filler employed due to the color instability of the bond material causing the bond material to substantially darken during curing.
  • the bonded abrasive body can further include other additives.
  • other desirable additives can include an antistatic agent, a metal oxide, a lubricant, a porosity inducer, coloring agent, or a combination thereof.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a particular content of bond material.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of bond material of at least about 5 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.%, at least about 15 wt.%, or even at least about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of bond material of not greater than about 80 wt.%, not greater than about 75 wt.%, or even not greater than about 70 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of bond material in a range of any of the minimums and maximums provided above, such as in a range of from about 5 wt.% to about 80 wt.%, or even 10 wt.% to 75 wt.%, based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a particular content of abrasive particles.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of abrasive particles of at least about 5 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.%, or even at least about 15 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of abrasive particles of not greater than about 50 wt.%, not greater than about 45 wt.%, or even not greater than about 40 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of abrasive particles in a range of any of the minimums and maximums provided above, such as in a range of from about 5 wt.% to about 50 wt.%, or even from about 10 wt.% to about 45 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a particular content of color additive.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of color additive of at least about 0.01 wt.%, at least about 0.05 wt.%, at least about 0.1 wt.%, or even at least about 1 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of color additive of not greater than about 20 wt.%, not greater than about 15 wt.%, no greater than about 10 wt.%, or even not greater than about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a content of color additive in a range of any of the minimums and maximums provided above, such as in a range of from about 0.01 wt.% to about 10 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a particular content of filler material.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a filler content of at least about 1 wt.%, at least about 3 wt.%, or even at least about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a filler content of not greater than about 30 wt.%, not greater than about 25 wt.%, or even not greater than about 20 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a filler content in a range of any of the minimums and maximums provided above, such as in a range of from about 1 wt.% to about 30 wt.%, or even from about 3 wt.% to about 25 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a particle shape.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a thickness (t) extending axially across the body, and a diameter (D) extending radially across the body.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a particular ratio of the diameter to the thickness.
  • the ratio of the diameter to the thickness can be at least about 10:1, at least about 20:1, at least about 50:1, or at least about 100:1.
  • the ratio can be not greater than about 10,000:1, or not greater than 5,000:1.
  • the ratio of the diameter to the thickness can be in a range of any of the minimums and maximums provided above, such as in a range of from about 10: 1 to about 10,000: 1.
  • the bonded abrasive article can have a desired color, and particularly a color other than the inherent color of the bond material, such a color other than generally black or dark brown.
  • color can be described and quantified using the CIE L*a*b* color system, as is well understood in the art.
  • the CIE L*a*b* color system includes a three dimensional coordinate system to assign a numerical value to a color.
  • the vertical L* axis represents Lightness, ranging from 0-100.
  • the other (horizontal) axes are represented by a* and b*. These are at right angles to each other and cross each other in the center, which is neutral (grey, black or white). They are based on the principal that a color cannot be both red and green, or blue and yellow.
  • the a* axis is green at one extremity (represented by -a), and red at the other (+a).
  • the b* axis has blue at one end (-b), and yellow (+b) at the other.
  • the center of each axis is 0.
  • a value of 0, or very low numbers of both a* and b* will describe a neutral or near neutral color. In theory there are no maximum values of a* and b*, but in practice they are usually numbered from -128 to +127 (256 levels).
  • the CIE Lab color model encompasses the entire spectrum, including colors outside of human vision.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a color other than generally dark brown to black, i.e., a color having CIELAB values other than an L* of less than about 20.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a color having
  • a bonded abrasive body can have an a* of greater than 20 or less than about -20 and a b* in a range of from about -256 to about 256.
  • a bonded abrasive body can have a b* of greater than about 20 or less than about -20 and an a* in a range of from about -256 to about 256.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a generally green color having a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; an a* of less than about -20; and a b* in a range of from -256 to 256.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a generally red color having a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; an a* of at least about 20 and a b* in a range of from -256 to 256.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a generally orange color having a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; an a* in a range of at least about 20 and a b* of at least about 20.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a generally yellow color having a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; a b* in a range of at least about 20 and an a* in a range of from—256 to 256.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a generally green color having a L* in a range of from 20 to 80; an a* of not greater than -20; and a b* in a range of from -256 to 256.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a desirable color difference from the same bonded abrasive body without a color additive.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a desirable color difference from the same bonded abrasive body except cured in an ambient air atmosphere.
  • traditional color additives were ineffective in producing a substantial different color due to the inherent color instability of the bond material at elevated cure temperatures.
  • the present inventors have surprisingly discovered that a substantial color difference from the inherent color of the cured bond material can be obtained without sacrificing performance of the abrasive article. Accordingly, the current inventors were surprisingly able to construct bonded abrasive bodies having a multitude of different color possibilities.
  • AE*ab also called ⁇ * or ⁇
  • ⁇ difference of color sensation
  • the bonded abrasive body can have a color difference ( ⁇ ) of at least about 5, at least about 10, at least about 15, at least about 20, at least about 30, at least about 40, at least about 50, or even at least about 60 compared to the inherent color of the cured bond material without a color additive.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have an advantageous wear rate.
  • the wear rate is a measure of the amount of material that is removed from the bonded abrasive body when subjected to a standardized abrading procedure.
  • the wear rate value of the bonded abrasive bond can be useful to distinguish between different grades of abrasive articles. For example, the stronger and tougher the bond material is, the lower the wear rate value will be. Furthermore, traditionally, it was not possible to create a colored bonded abrasive body using materials that gave the bonded abrasive body a lower rate. Attempts to impart such color resulted in deterioration of the strength and toughness of the bonded abrasive body, and therefore increased the wear rate. In contrast, the current inventors surprisingly discovered the ability to create a colored bonded abrasive body without deteriorating the toughness and strength, and therefore maintaining desirable wear rates.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have an advantageous wear rate, consistent with the same abrasive article without the impartation of color.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have an advantageous material removal rate.
  • the material removal rate is measure of the amount of material that is removed from the workpiece when subjected to a standardized abrading procedure.
  • the material removal rate (MRR) of the bonded abrasive bond can be useful to distinguish between different grades of abrasive articles. For example, the stronger and tougher the bond material is, the higher the material removal rate value will be. Furthermore, traditionally, it was not possible to create a colored bonded abrasive body using materials that gave the bonded abrasive body a higher rate. Attempts to impart such color resulted in deterioration of the strength and toughness of the bonded abrasive body, and therefore decreased the material removal rate. In contrast, the current inventors surprisingly discovered the ability to create a colored bonded abrasive body without deteriorating the toughness and strength, and therefore maintaining desirable material removal rates.
  • the bonded abrasive body can have an advantageous material removal rate consistent with the removal rate of the same bonded abrasive article without the impartation of color.
  • Another aspect of certain embodiments of the present disclosure is directed to a method of forming an abrasive article. It is to be understood that all of the characteristics and features of the abrasive article described above also apply to embodiments directed to a method of forming the abrasive article.
  • the method can include forming a bonded abrasive body having the dimensions, color, and wear rates, among other properties, provided above.
  • certain embodiments of the method can include:
  • providing the bond material precursor can include providing a first resin and a second resin which is different from the first resin.
  • mixing the abrasive particles with the bond material precursor can include pre-coating the abrasive particles with the first resin.
  • the method can further include mixing the second resin with the coated abrasive particles.
  • first and second resins can be those described above.
  • the first resin can be a resole and the second resin can be a novolac resin.
  • curing the mixture to form a bonded abrasive body can include curing the mixture in a non-oxidative atmosphere.
  • the non-oxidative atmosphere can consist essentially of an inert gas, such as nitrogen.
  • curing the mixture to form a bonded abrasive body can include curing the mixture in an atmosphere consisting essentially of nitrogen.
  • curing the mixture to form a bonded abrasive body can include curing the mixture at a relatively high temperature.
  • a relatively high temperature for example, as discussed above, particular advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure is the ability to impart a desired color to high grade bond materials that a have a high strength and high toughness.
  • high grade bond materials typically have a high cure temperature to obtain the high strength and toughness.
  • the high cure temperature is partly responsible for the extreme difficulty in creating high performing, colored, bonded abrasive bodies due in part to the limitation on color additives and the inherent color instability of the bond material at such high cure temperatures.
  • curing the mixture to form a bonded abrasive body can include curing the mixture at a temperature of at least about 150°C, at least about 155°C, at least about 160°C, at least about 165°C, at least about 170°C, at least about 175°C, at least about 180°C, at least about 185°C, or even at least about 190°C, at least about 195°C, at least about 200°C, at least about 205°C, at least about 210°C, at least about 215°C, at least about 220°C, or even at least about 225°C.
  • curing the mixture to form a bonded abrasive body can include curing the mixture at a temperature of no greater than about 350°C, not greater than about 320°C or not greater than about 300°C. Moreover, curing the mixture to form a bonded abrasive body can include curing the mixture at a temperature in a range of any of the minimums and maximums provided above, such as in a range of from about 150°C to about 350°C, or even from about 155°C to about 300°C.
  • the present disclosure represents a departure from the state of the art.
  • traditional materials and processes used to create a high grade bonded abrasive body would substantially darken during curing to give a generally black or dark brown color.
  • Addition of color additives could not overcome the substantial darkening of the bond material that traditionally, inherently occurred.
  • attempts to prevent the substantial darkening of the bond material during curing and ageing resulted in a degradation of the performance of the bonded abrasive body, in, for example, strength, toughness, and crosslink density and therefore wear rate.
  • the bonded abrasive bodies according to certain embodiments of the present disclosure were surprisingly able to have a color other than black or dark brown and maintain desired performances in strength, toughness, crosslink density, wear rate, and others.
  • the modification to the processing and particularly curing of the bonded abrasive body described herein has generally prevented the bond material from substantially darkening during curing and ageing without significantly affecting its performance.
  • the modification to an inert atmosphere during curing is believed to have substantially decreased the oxidation in the bond material which is theorized to have resulted in the general prevention of substantial darkening during curing and ageing thus allowing particular color additives to impart color while maintaining performance.
  • Embodiment 1 An abrasive article comprising: a bonded abrasive body comprising abrasive particles contained within a bond material, wherein the bond material has a glass transition temperature of at least about 200°C; and wherein the bonded abrasive body is color stable.
  • Embodiment 2 An abrasive article comprising: a bonded abrasive body comprising abrasive particles contained within a bond material, wherein the bond material has a glass transition temperature of at least about 200°C; and wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises at least one pigment.
  • Embodiment 3 An abrasive article comprising: a bonded abrasive body comprising abrasive particles contained within a bond material, wherein the bond material has a glass transition temperature of at least about 200°C, and wherein the bond material has a color defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from 20 to 80; AND an a* of greater than 20 or less than about -20 and a b* in a range of from about -256 to about 256;
  • Embodiment 4 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bond material is essentially free of an acrylate.
  • Embodiment 5 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bond material has a glass transition temperature of at least at least about 150°C, or at least about 155°C, or at least about 160°C, or at least about 165°C, or at least about 170°C, or at least about 175°C, or at least about 180°C, or at least about 185°C, or even at least about 190°C, at least about 195°C, or at least about 200°C, or at least about 205°C, or at least about 210°C, or at least about 215°C, or at least about 220°C, or even at least about 225°C.
  • the bond material has a glass transition temperature of at least at least about 150°C, or at least about 155°C, or at least about 160°C, or at least about 165°C, or at least about 170°C, or at least about 175°C, or at least about 180°C, or at least about
  • Embodiment 6 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bond material comprises a glass transition temperature of not greater than 350°C, or not greater than 320°C or at least 300°C.
  • Embodiment 7 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a bond material content of at least about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the body, and wherein the bonded abrasive body has a bond material content of not greater than about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the body.
  • Embodiment 8 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bond material comprises a cured and cross-linked reaction product of a first resin and a second resin distinct from the first resin.
  • Embodiment 9 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the first resin is a resole.
  • Embodiment 10 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the first resin is a phenol-formaldehyde resin having formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio of greater than one.
  • Embodiment 11 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the first resin is a base-catalyzed resin.
  • Embodiment 12 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the second resin comprises a novolac resin.
  • Embodiment 13 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the second resin is a phenol-formaldehyde resin having formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio of less than one.
  • Embodiment 14 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the second resin is an acid-catalyzed resin.
  • Embodiment 15 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a content of the second resin of at least about 5 wt.%, or at least about 8 wt.%, or at least about 10 wt.%, or at least about 12 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body; and wherein the bonded abrasive body has a content of the second resin of not greater than about 90 wt.%.
  • Embodiment 16 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the second resin comprises a hardener comprising hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA).
  • HMTA hexamethylenetetramine
  • Embodiment 17 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bond material includes a significant amount of methylene and dimethylene amino crosslink bridges.
  • Embodiment 18 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises a pigment.
  • Embodiment 19 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises an organic pigment.
  • Embodiment 20 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises a pigment having a thermal stability of at least about 150°C, or at least about 155°C, or at least about 160°C, or at least about 165°C, or at least about 170°C, or at least about 175°C, or at least about 180°C, or at least about 185°C, or even at least about 190°C, at least about 195°C, or at least about 200°C, or at least about 205°C, or at least about 210°C, or at least about 215°C, or at least about 220°C, or even at least about 225°C.
  • a thermal stability of at least about 150°C, or at least about 155°C, or at least about 160°C, or at least about 165°C, or at least about 170°C, or at least about 175°C, or at least about 180°C, or at least about
  • Embodiment 21 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises a pigment that is soluble in an aqueous solvent.
  • Embodiment 22 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises an inorganic pigment.
  • Embodiment 23 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has an abrasive particle content of at least about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the body, and wherein the bonded abrasive body has an abrasive particle content of not greater than about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the body.
  • Embodiment 24 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler that is distinct from the abrasive particles.
  • Embodiment 25 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler in the form of powders, granules, spheres, fibers, or a combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 26 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler comprising an inorganic material.
  • Embodiment 27 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler comprising an organic material.
  • Embodiment 28 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler disposed within the bond material.
  • Embodiment 29 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler comprising nepheline syenite, sand, bubble alumina, bauxite, chromites, magnesite, dolomites, bubble mullite, borides, titanium dioxide, carbon products, flour, clay, talc, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, feldspar, glass spheres, glass fibers, CaF 2 , KBF 4 , Cryolite (Na 3 AlF 6 ), potassium Cryolite (K 3 AlFe) , pyrites, ZnS, copper sulfide, mineral oil, fluorides, carbonates, calcium carbonate, or a combination thereof.
  • a filler comprising nepheline syenite, sand, bubble alumina, bauxite, chromites, m
  • Embodiment 30 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler comprising an antistatic agent, a metal oxide, a lubricant, a porosity inducer, coloring agent, and a combination thereof and wherein the filler is distinct from the abrasive particles.
  • Embodiment 31 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a filler content of at least about 1 wt.% based on the total weight of the body, and wherein the bonded abrasive body has a filler content of not greater than about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the body.
  • Embodiment 32 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body is essentially free of a black filler.
  • Embodiment 33 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a porosity of at least about 1 vol.% based on the total volume of the body, and wherein the bonded abrasive body has a porosity of not greater than about 50 vol.% based on the total volume of the body.
  • Embodiment 34 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a diameter (D) extending radially across the body and a thickness (t) extending axially across the body, wherein the body comprises a ratio of the diameter to the thickness of at least about 10:1, or at least about 20:1, or at least about 50:1, or at least about 100 : 1.
  • Embodiment 35 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a color defined by the CIELAB color system of:
  • a L* in a range of 20 to 80, or 30 to 75, or even 35 to 75;
  • Embodiment 36 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a generally green color defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; an a* of less than about -20; and a b* in a range of from -256 to 256.
  • Embodiment 37 The abrasive article of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a generally red color defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; an a* of at least about 20 and a b* in a range of from -256 to 256.
  • Embodiment 38 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a generally orange color defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; an a* in a range of at least about 20 and a b* of at least about 20.
  • Embodiment 39 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a generally yellow color defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; a b* in a range of at least about 20 and an a* in a range of from -256 to 256.
  • Embodiment 40 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a generally green color defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from 20 to 80; an a* of not greater than -20; and a b* in a range of from - 256 to 256.
  • Embodiment 41 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises a reinforcing layer extending radially through at least a portion of the body, wherein the reinforcing layer comprises a reinforcing material comprising a fabric, a fiber, a film, a woven material, a non-woven material, a glass, a fiberglass, a ceramic, a polymer, a resin, a polymer, a fluorinated polymer, an epoxy resin, a polyester resin, a polyurethane, a polyester, a rubber, a polyimide, a polybenzimidazole, an aromatic polyamide, a modified phenolic resin, or a combination thereof.
  • the reinforcing layer comprises a reinforcing material comprising a fabric, a fiber, a film, a woven material, a non-woven material, a glass, a fiberglass, a ceramic, a polymer, a
  • Embodiment 42 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body is essentially free of a reducing agent.
  • Embodiment 43 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a ratio of the diameter to the thickness of at least about 10: 1, or at least about 20:1, or at least about 50: 1, or at least about 100: 1; and wherein the bonded abrasive body has a ratio of the diameter to the thickness of not greater than about 10,000:1, or not greater than 5,000: 1.
  • Embodiment 44 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the abrasive article has a generally similar wear rate to the same abrasive article except without the impartation of color.
  • Embodiment 45 The abrasive article of any one of embodiments 1, 2 and 3, wherein the abrasive article has a generally similar material removal rate to the same abrasive article except without the impartation of color.
  • Embodiment 46 A method of forming an abrasive article comprising a bonded abrasive body, the method comprising: forming a mixture comprising abrasive particles dispersed within a bond material; and curing the mixture at a temperature of at least 200°C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to form a bonded abrasive body.
  • Embodiment 47 A method of forming an abrasive article comprising a bonded abrasive body, the method comprising: forming a mixture comprising abrasive particles dispersed within a bond material; and curing the mixture at a temperature of at least 200°C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to form a bonded abrasive body.
  • a method of forming an abrasive article comprising a bonded abrasive body comprising: forming a mixture comprising abrasive particles dispersed within a phenyl-formaldehyde based bond material; and curing the mixture, wherein the bonded abrasive body has color defined by the CIELAB color system of an L* in a range of from 20 to 80; AND an a* of greater than 20 or less than about -20 and a b* in a range of from about -256 to about 256; OR a b* of greater than about 20 or less than about - 20 and an a* in a range of from about -256 to about 256.
  • Embodiment 48 A method of forming an abrasive article comprising a bonded abrasive body, the method comprising: forming a mixture comprising abrasive particles dispersed within a bond material; and curing the mixture at a temperature of at least 200°C in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to form a bonded abrasive body wherein the bonded abrasive body has color defined by the CIELAB color system of an L* in a range of from 20 to 80; AND an a* of greater than 20 or less than about -20 and a b* in a range of from about -256 to about 256; OR a b* of greater than about 20 or less than about -20 and an a* in a range of from about -256 to about 256.
  • Embodiment 49 A method of forming an abrasive article comprising a bonded abrasive body, the method comprising: forming a mixture comprising abrasive particles dispersed within a phenyl-formaldehyde based bond material; and curing the mixture, wherein the bonded abrasive body has substantially the same color before and after curing.
  • Embodiment 50 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein forming the mixture comprises: coating the abrasive particles with a first resin; adding a second resin to the mixture, wherein the second resin is distinct from the first resin.
  • Embodiment 51 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein forming the mixture comprises: coating the abrasive particles with a mixture of the first resin and a solvent; wherein the pigment and the first resin are soluble with the solvent.
  • Embodiment 52 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the novolac resin comprises a hardener comprising hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA).
  • HMTA hexamethylenetetramine
  • Embodiment 53 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bond material includes a significant amount of methylene and dimethylene amino crosslink bridges.
  • Embodiment 54 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the non-oxidizing atmosphere consists essentially of an inert gas.
  • Embodiment 55 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the non-oxidizing atmosphere consists essentially of an inert gas comprising nitrogen.
  • Embodiment 56 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the non-oxidizing atmosphere consists essentially of nitrogen.
  • Embodiment 57 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein curing the mixture comprises curing the mixture at a temperature of at least about 150°C, at least about 155°C, at least about 160°C, at least about 165°C, at least about 170°C, at least about 175°C, at least about 180°C, at least about 185°C, or even at least about 190°C, at least about 195°C, at least about 200°C, at least about 205°C, at least about 210°C, at least about 215°C, at least about 220°C, or even at least about 225°C.
  • Embodiment 58 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein curing the mixture comprises preventing the mixture from oxidizing during curing.
  • Embodiment 59 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bond material is essentially free of an acrylate.
  • Embodiment 60 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bond material has a glass transition temperature of at least at least about 150°C, at least about 155°C, at least about 160°C, at least about 165°C, at least about 170°C, at least about 175°C, at least about 180°C, at least about 185°C, or even at least about 190°C, at least about 195°C, at least about 200°C, at least about 205°C, at least about 210°C, at least about 215°C, at least about 220°C, or even at least about 225°C.
  • Embodiment 61 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bond material comprises a glass transition temperature of not greater than 350°C, not greater than 320°C or at least 300°C.
  • Embodiment 62 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a bond material content of at least about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the body, and wherein the bonded abrasive body has a bond material content of not greater than about 80 wt.% based on the total weight of the body.
  • Embodiment 63 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the first resin is a resole.
  • Embodiment 64 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the first resin is a phenol-formaldehyde resin having a formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio of greater than one.
  • Embodiment 65 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the first resin is a base-catalyzed resin.
  • Embodiment 66 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the second resin comprises a novolac resin.
  • Embodiment 67 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the second resin is a phenol-formaldehyde resin having a formaldehyde to phenol molar ratio of less than one.
  • Embodiment 68 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the second resin is an acid-catalyzed resin.
  • Embodiment 69 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a content of the second resin of at least about 5 wt.%, at least about 8 wt.%, at least about 10 wt.%, or at least about 12 wt.% based on the total weight of the bonded abrasive body; and wherein the bonded abrasive body has a content of the second resin of not greater than about 90 wt.%.
  • Embodiment 70 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bond material includes a significant amount of methylene and dimethylene amino crosslink bridges.
  • Embodiment 71 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises a pigment.
  • Embodiment 72 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises an organic pigment.
  • Embodiment 73 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises a pigment having a thermal stability of at least about 150°C, at least about 155°C, at least about 160°C, at least about 165°C, at least about 170°C, at least about 175°C, at least about 180°C, at least about 185°C, or even at least about 190°C, at least about 195°C, at least about 200°C, at least about 205°C, at least about 210°C, at least about 215°C, at least about 220°C, or even at least about 225°C.
  • Embodiment 74 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises a pigment that is soluble in an aqueous solvent.
  • Embodiment 75 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises an inorganic pigment.
  • Embodiment 76 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has an abrasive particle content of at least about 5 wt.% based on the total weight of the body, and wherein the bonded abrasive body has an abrasive particle content of not greater than about 50 wt.% based on the total weight of the body.
  • Embodiment 77 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler that is distinct from the abrasive particles.
  • Embodiment 78 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler in the form of powders, granules, spheres, fibers, or a combination thereof.
  • Embodiment 79 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler comprising an inorganic material.
  • Embodiment 80 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler comprising an organic material.
  • Embodiment 81 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler disposed within the bond material.
  • Embodiment 82 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler comprising nepheline syenite, sand, bubble alumina, bauxite, chromites, magnesite, dolomites, bubble mullite, borides, titanium dioxide, carbon products, flour, clay, talc, hexagonal boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, feldspar, glass spheres, glass fibers, CaF 2 , KBF 4 , Cryolite (Na3AlF 6 ), potassium Cryolite (K 3 A1F 6 ) , pyrites, ZnS, copper sulfide, mineral oil, fluorides, carbonates, calcium carbonate, or a combination thereof.
  • a filler comprising nepheline syenite, sand, bubble alumina, bauxite, chromites,
  • Embodiment 83 The method of any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the bonded abrasive body further comprises a filler comprising an antistatic agent, a metal oxide, a lubricant, a porosity inducer, coloring agent, and a combination thereof and wherein the filler is distinct from the abrasive particles.
  • Embodiment 84 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a filler content of at least about 1 wt.% based on the total weight of the body, and wherein the bonded abrasive body has a filler content of not greater than about 30 wt.% based on the total weight of the body.
  • Embodiment 85 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body is essentially free of a black filler.
  • Embodiment 86 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a porosity of at least about 1 vol.% based on the total volume of the body, and wherein the bonded abrasive body has a porosity of not greater than about 50 vol.% based on the total volume of the body.
  • Embodiment 87 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a diameter (D) extending radially across the body and a thickness (t) extending axially across the body, wherein the body comprises a ratio of the diameter to the thickness of at least about 10:1, at least about 20:1, at least about 50:1, or at least about 100:1.
  • Embodiment 88 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a color after curing defined by the CIELAB color system of:
  • a L* in a range of 20 to 80, 30 to 75, or even 35 to 75;
  • Embodiment 89 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a generally green color after curing defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; an a* of less than about -20; and a b* in a range of from -256 to 256.
  • Embodiment 90 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a generally red color after curing defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; an a* of at least about 20 and a b* in a range of from -256 to 256.
  • Embodiment 91 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a generally orange color after curing defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; an a* in a range of at least about 20 and a b* of at least about 20.
  • Embodiment 92 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a generally yellow color after curing defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from about 20 to about 80; a b* in a range of at least about 20 and an a* in a range of from -256 to 256.
  • Embodiment 93 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has a generally green color after curing defined by the CIELAB color system of a L* in a range of from 20 to 80; an a* of not greater than -20; and a b* in a range of from -256 to 256.
  • Embodiment 94 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body comprises a reinforcing layer extending radially through at least a portion of the body, wherein the reinforcing layer comprises a reinforcing material comprising a fabric, a fiber, a film, a woven material, a non-woven material, a glass, a fiberglass, a ceramic, a polymer, a resin, a polymer, a fluorinated polymer, an epoxy resin, a polyester resin, a polyurethane, a polyester, a rubber, a polyimide, a polybenzimidazole, an aromatic polyamide, a modified phenolic resin, or a combination thereof.
  • the reinforcing layer comprises a reinforcing material comprising a fabric, a fiber, a film, a woven material, a non-woven material, a glass, a fiberglass, a ceramic, a polymer, a resin
  • Embodiment 95 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body is essentially free of a reducing agent.
  • Embodiment 96 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the bonded abrasive body has ratio of the diameter to the thickness is be at least about 10: 1, at least about 20:1, at least about 50: 1, or at least about 100: 1; and wherein the bonded abrasive body has a ratio of the diameter to the thickness of not greater than about 10,000:1, or not greater than 5,000: 1.
  • Embodiment 97 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the abrasive article has a generally similar wear rate to the same abrasive article except without the impartation of color.
  • Embodiment 98 The method of any of embodiments 46, 47, 48 and 49, wherein the abrasive article has a generally similar material removal rate to the same abrasive article except without the impartation of color.
  • Uncured comparison sample abrasive wheels UCS1, UCS2, UCS3 and UCS4 were prepared having compositions as shown in Table 1 below:
  • Comparison sample abrasive wheels CS1, CS2 and CS3 were prepared having compositions as shown in Table 3 below and cured in a standard oxygen atmosphere.
  • the color of the uncured abrasive wheels changes from the combined color of any pigments in the wheel and the yellow color of the resin to black or dark brown after being cured in a standard oxygen atmosphere.
  • the original yellow color of the resin in the abrasive wheels deteriorates during conventional curing procedures in a standard oxygen atmosphere leading to discoloration that obscures the color of the pigments and results in black or dark brown abrasive wheels.
  • Sample abrasive wheels SI, S2, S3, S4 and S5 formed according to embodiments described herein were prepared having compositions as shown in Table 5 below and cured in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen gas.
  • Sample abrasive wheels were prepared having compositions COMP1, COMP2 and COMP3 as shown in Table 7 below:
  • Sample abrasive wheels for each composition were prepared and cured in a standard oxygen atmosphere with a 185 °C soak (hereinafter "185- O”). Sample abrasive wheels for each composition (COMP1, COMP2 and COMP3) were also prepared and cured in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen with a 185 °C soak (hereinafter "185-AC”). Sample abrasive wheels for each composition (COMP1, COMP2 and COMP3) were also prepared and cured in an inert atmosphere of nitrogen with a 195 °C soak
  • MRR material removal rate
  • the wheel wear rate (WWR) achieved by each sample abrasive wheel was calculated and recorded.
  • the mean WWR for all three abrasive wheels formed using 185-0 was calculated and recorded.
  • the mean WWR for all three abrasive wheels formed using 185-0 was calculated and recorded.
  • a summary of these WWR results is provided in Table 9 below:

Abstract

La présente invention concerne, selon certains modes de réalisation, des procédés de fabrication d'articles abrasifs colorés de qualité supérieure dont la couleur est stable à température élevée, par exemple à des températures au moins égales à environ 185 °C, de telle sorte que le corps abrasif lié peut être durci à de telles températures élevées sans modification sensible de sa couleur.
PCT/US2015/068245 2014-12-31 2015-12-31 Articles abrasifs colorés et procédé de fabrication d'articles abrasifs colorés WO2016109780A1 (fr)

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