WO2016107395A1 - 一种led恒流驱动装置 - Google Patents

一种led恒流驱动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016107395A1
WO2016107395A1 PCT/CN2015/097195 CN2015097195W WO2016107395A1 WO 2016107395 A1 WO2016107395 A1 WO 2016107395A1 CN 2015097195 W CN2015097195 W CN 2015097195W WO 2016107395 A1 WO2016107395 A1 WO 2016107395A1
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transistor
led
module
voltage
current
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PCT/CN2015/097195
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杨冕
李东明
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四川新力光源股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2016107395A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016107395A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an LED driving device, in particular to an LED constant current driving device.
  • the state advocates energy saving and emission reduction, and the lighting products of LED light source used in the lighting field are developing rapidly with its excellent energy saving, low carbon and green environmental protection effects.
  • the life of the lighting device depends not only on the LED but also on components such as a driving power source.
  • the bottleneck of the life of the LED lighting device is still the driving power source.
  • the researchers on the one hand improved the existing DC power drive device, on the other hand, designed a new AC circuit to directly drive the LED.
  • the use of LED lighting products can save energy, but the existing LED lighting products have the problem of short drive life.
  • the existing driving scheme adopted in the market is the traditional switching power supply technology, this technology is relatively mature, but the power supply has a large volume and needs good heat dissipation performance.
  • this power technology is introduced into an LED lighting product, it provides a small space for the driving power source and a high working environment temperature (above 60 ° C). This directly leads to a reduction in drive life, while the switching power supply is costly and has poor EMC characteristics (additional auxiliary components are required).
  • the existing LED lighting products are damaged, there is basically no value for maintenance, and it is necessary to directly replace the driving power supply.
  • due to the limitation of the power supply cavity of the limited LED lighting products generally only the designated manufacturer, the designated model of the driving power source, and the maintenance can be replaced. The process is complicated.
  • This circuit divides a string of LEDs into multiple segments, each segment has an independent constant current device, and selects different access terminals according to different voltages.
  • This kind of driving technology can better solve the problem of the original driving technology, but this driving technology also has shortcomings.
  • the circuit needs to have a specific input voltage sampling circuit, and the constant current part of this type of circuit uses electronic components such as an op amp, so it is necessary to provide the necessary working voltage and reference voltage for the operation of these components.
  • these circuits reduce the reliability of the circuit and require a dedicated controller to control the multiplexer circuit through the detected input voltage. Once the control switch fails, the LED will be broken down by high voltage, causing the lamp to be scrapped.
  • Chinese Patent Publication No. CN201310080348.1 discloses a segmented LED driving circuit based on an AC power source, the LED driving circuit comprising a rectifying unit, a constant current driving unit and a lighting unit.
  • the LED driving circuit needs to supply the necessary operating voltage to the operational amplifier in the constant current driving unit, and the reliability of the circuit is lowered.
  • the present invention provides an LED constant current driving device including a rectifier module, a constant current module, and a lighting module, the lighting module including a plurality of LED units, wherein the rectifier module is The output terminal is connected to the lighting module, and the constant current module is connected to the lighting module.
  • the constant current module includes a plurality of current limiting units and a sampling unit, and each current limiting unit includes a resistor and a voltage regulator. Tube, a triode and a transistor,
  • each current limiting unit the drain of the transistor and the end of its resistor are connected in common to the output of the corresponding LED unit, the gate of the transistor is connected to the other end of its resistor, the negative terminal of its Zener and its transistor a collector, the source of the transistor and the base of the transistor are connected to the sampling unit, and the emitter of the transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the Zener and grounded.
  • each current limiting unit the source of its transistor and the base of its transistor are connected to the source of the transistor of the next current limiting unit and the base of the transistor via corresponding sampling resistors.
  • the rectifier module includes a first rectifier arm and a second rectifier arm composed of four diodes, and a first diode and a second diode of the four diodes are connected in series to form the first A rectifying arm, wherein the third diode and the fourth diode of the four diodes are connected in series to form the second rectifying arm.
  • the diode is a rectifier diode or a Schottky diode.
  • the sampling unit consists of several sampling resistors connected in series.
  • the transistor is an N-MOSFET or an NPN type transistor.
  • the current limiting unit further comprises a capacitor connected in parallel to the Zener.
  • the LED unit consists of a plurality of or a single low-voltage LED, which are connected in a series or series-parallel combination.
  • the LED unit is a high voltage LED module packaged in a COB.
  • the LED constant current driving device does not use the input voltage sampling circuit and the control circuit, and has low cost, small volume, and high circuit reliability.
  • Electrolytic capacitors and inductors are not used in the circuit, which makes the LED lamps have a long service life and good EMC characteristics.
  • LED constant current drive circuit can adjust the number of LED conduction units with voltage changes, has a higher power factor (not less than 0.95), and can improve the voltage utilization (greater than 90%).
  • the input current can be adjusted by changing the resistance of the sampling resistor, thereby achieving an adjustable input power.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a driving circuit of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a driving circuit of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a waveform diagram of an input AC voltage in the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a waveform diagram of input voltage and input current as a function of time in the present invention.
  • the LED constant current driving device of the present invention includes a rectifier module 10, a constant current module, and a lighting module 70.
  • the lighting module 70 includes a number of LED units.
  • the output end of the rectifier module 10 is connected to the illumination module 70, and the constant current module is connected to the illumination module 70.
  • Constant current The module includes a plurality of current limiting units and a sampling unit 20.
  • Each current limiting unit includes a resistor, a Zener, a transistor, and a transistor. In each current limiting unit, the drain of its transistor and its one end of the resistor are commonly connected to the output of the corresponding LED unit.
  • the gate of the transistor is connected to the other end of the resistor, the negative terminal of the Zener diode, and the collector of the transistor.
  • the source of the transistor and the base of the transistor are connected to the sampling unit 20, and the emitter of the transistor is connected to the positive terminal of the Zener and grounded.
  • the foregoing LED unit may be a plurality of single or single low voltage LEDs, or may be a high voltage LED module in a COB package.
  • the LED constant current driving device not only has the advantages of the conventional AC direct driving LED circuit, but also can further improve the reliability of the circuit, and does not require a dedicated control circuit, so that the cost of the circuit can be reduced.
  • the electrolytic capacitors required in the conventional switching power supply technology are not used in the driving circuit, and thus the life is high. There is also no inductance in the drive circuit and therefore good EMC characteristics.
  • the rectifier module 10 in the circuit includes four rectifier diodes 101, 102, 103, and 104.
  • the sampling unit 20 includes four sampling resistors 201, 202, 203, 204.
  • the current limiting unit 51 includes a triode 501, a resistor 205, a Zener diode 301, and a transistor 601.
  • the current limiting unit 52 includes a triode 502, a resistor 206, a Zener diode 302, and a transistor 602.
  • the current limiting unit 53 includes a triode 503, a resistor 207, a Zener diode 303, and a transistor 603.
  • the current limiting unit 54 includes a triode 504, a resistor 208, a Zener diode 304, and a transistor 604.
  • the lighting module 70 includes LED units 701, 702, 703, 704. The number of LEDs of each LED unit is greater than or equal to one, and the LEDs are connected in series, or may be connected in a series and a combination manner.
  • the diodes 101, 102, 103, 104 may be ordinary rectifier diodes, or Schottky diodes with sufficient withstand voltage or other components that can perform the same function.
  • the transistors 601, 602, 603, 604 may be N-MOSFETs or NPN-type transistors.
  • the first input terminal IN1 of the rectifier module 10 is connected to the connection node of the positive terminal of the first diode 101 and the negative terminal of the second diode 102.
  • the positive terminal of the second diode 102 is connected to the positive terminal of the fourth diode 104, and its connection node is grounded.
  • the second input terminal IN2 of the rectifier module 10 is connected to the connection node of the positive terminal of the third diode 103 and the negative terminal of the fourth diode 104.
  • the negative terminal of the third diode 103 is connected to the negative terminal of the first diode 101, and its connection node constitutes the output positive terminal of the rectifier module 10.
  • the input of the LED unit 701 is connected to the output positive terminal of the rectifier module 10.
  • the output of the LED unit 701 is connected to the input of the LED unit 702, and the output of the LED unit 701 is connected to the drain of the transistor 601 and one end of the resistor 205.
  • the output of the LED unit 702 is connected to the input of the LED unit 703, and the LED single
  • the output of element 702 is coupled to the drain of transistor 602 and one end of resistor 206.
  • the output of the LED unit 703 is connected to the input of the LED unit 704, and the output of the LED unit 703 is connected to the drain of the transistor 603 and one end of the resistor 207.
  • the output of LED unit 704 is coupled to the drain of transistor 604 and one end of resistor 208.
  • the other end of the resistor 205 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode 301, the collector of the transistor 501, and the gate of the transistor 601.
  • the other end of the resistor 206 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode 302, the collector of the transistor 502, and the gate of the transistor 602.
  • the other end of the resistor 207 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode 303, the collector of the transistor 503, and the gate of the transistor 603.
  • the other end of the resistor 208 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode 304, the collector of the transistor 504, and the gate of the transistor 604.
  • the positive terminal of the Zener diode 301 is connected to the emitter of the transistor 501 and then grounded.
  • the positive terminal of the Zener diode 302 is connected to the emitter of the transistor 502 and then grounded.
  • the positive terminal of the Zener diode 303 is connected to the emitter of the transistor 503 and then grounded.
  • the positive terminal of the Zener diode 304 is connected to the emitter of the transistor 504 and then grounded.
  • the base of the transistor 501 is connected to the source of the transistor 601, and then connected to one end of the sampling resistor 201.
  • the base of the transistor 502 is connected to the source of the transistor 602, and then connected to the other end of the sampling resistor 201 and one end of the sampling resistor 202.
  • the base of the transistor 503 is connected to the source of the transistor 603, and then connected to the other end of the sampling resistor 202 and one end of the sampling resistor 203.
  • the base of the transistor 504 is connected to the source of the transistor 604, and then connected to the other end of the sampling resistor 203 and one end of the sampling resistor 204.
  • the other end of the sampling resistor 204 is grounded.
  • each current limiting unit may further include a capacitor, and the capacitor is connected in parallel with the Zener diode, which can improve the reliability of the circuit.
  • One end of the capacitor 401 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode 301, and the other end of the capacitor 401 is connected to the positive terminal of the Zener diode 301.
  • One end of the capacitor 402 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode 302, and the other end of the capacitor 402 is connected to the positive terminal of the Zener diode 302.
  • One end of the capacitor 403 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode 303, and the other end of the capacitor 403 is connected to the positive terminal of the Zener diode 303.
  • One end of the capacitor 404 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode 304, and the other end of the capacitor 404 is connected to the positive terminal of the Zener diode 304.
  • FIG 3 shows the voltage waveform of the AC mains.
  • the AC mains outputs a pulsating direct current through a bridge rectifier circuit composed of rectifier diodes 101, 102, 103, and 104.
  • the voltage waveform of the pulsating DC is shown in Figure 4.
  • the forward conduction voltages of the LED units 701, 702, 703, and 704 are Vf1, Vf2, Vf3, and Vf4.
  • the sampling voltage Vref1 is supplied to the base voltage of the transistor 501.
  • the transistor 501 is turned on and operates in the amplification region, and the voltage of the collector of the transistor 501 is lowered to lower the transistor.
  • the gate voltage of 601 causes the output current of the transistor 601 to drop, and the sampling voltage Vref1 of the sampling resistor 201 falls.
  • the pulsating DC voltage rises from VF1 to VF2, the pulsating DC voltage reaches the preset turn-off voltage value of the current limiting unit 51, and the current limiting unit 51 is turned off.
  • Current flows through the LED unit 701, the LED unit 702, the resistor 206, and the Zener diode 302.
  • a stable voltage V2 is obtained at the negative terminal of the Zener diode 302, causing the transistor 602 to be in an on state, and current flows from the output of the LED unit 702 through the transistor 602 and the sampling resistors 202, 203, and 204.
  • the circuit is turned on and the LED unit 702 starts to emit light.
  • a sampling voltage Vref2 is obtained at the current input of the sampling resistor 202, and Vref2 is the sum of the voltages formed by the resistors 202, 203, and 204, respectively.
  • the sampling voltage Vref2 is supplied to the base voltage of the transistor 502.
  • the tee 502 is turned on and operates in the amplification region, causing the collector of the transistor 502 to drop.
  • Reducing the gate voltage of the transistor 602 causes the output current of the transistor 602 to drop, and the sampling voltage Vref2 of the sampling resistor 202 to drop.
  • Vref2 ⁇ V BE the transistor 502 is turned off.
  • Vref1 Vref2
  • the transistor 501 operates in an on state
  • the transistor 601 operates in an off state.
  • the pulsating DC voltage rises from VF2 to VF3
  • the pulsating DC voltage reaches the preset turn-off voltage value of the current limiting unit 52, and the current limiting unit 52 is turned off.
  • Current flows through the LED unit 701, the LED unit 702, the LED unit 703, the resistor 207, and the Zener diode 303.
  • a stable voltage V3 is obtained at the negative terminal of the Zener diode 303, so that the transistor 603 is in an on state, and current flows from the output terminal of the LED unit 703 through the transistor 603 and the sampling resistors 203 and 204.
  • the circuit is turned on, and the LED unit 703 starts to emit light.
  • a sampling voltage Vref3 is obtained at the current input terminal of the sampling resistor 203, and Vref3 is the sum of the voltages formed by the resistors 203, 204, respectively.
  • the sampling voltage Vref3 is supplied to the base voltage of the transistor 503.
  • the tee tube 503 is turned on and operates in the amplification region, causing the collector of the transistor 503 to descend.
  • Reducing the gate voltage of the transistor 603 causes the output current of the transistor 603 to drop, and the sampling voltage Vref3 of the sampling resistor 203 to fall.
  • Vref3 ⁇ V BE the transistor 503 is turned off.
  • Vref2 ⁇ Vref3
  • the transistor 502 operates in an on state, and the transistor 602 operates in an off state.
  • the pulsating DC voltage rises from VF3 to VF4
  • the pulsating DC voltage reaches the preset turn-off voltage value of the current limiting unit 53, and the current limiting unit 53 is turned off.
  • Current flows through the LED unit 701, the LED unit 702, the LED unit 703, the LED unit 704, the resistor 208, and the Zener tube 304.
  • a stable voltage V4 is obtained at the negative terminal of the Zener diode 304, causing the transistor 604 to be in an on state, and current flows from the output of the LED unit 704 through the transistor 604 and the sampling resistor 204. The circuit is thus turned on and the LED unit 704 begins to emit light.
  • a sampling voltage Vref4 is obtained at the current input of the sampling resistor 204, and Vref4 is the voltage of the resistor 204.
  • the sampling voltage Vref4 is supplied to the base voltage of the transistor 504.
  • the tee 504 is turned on and operates in the amplification region, causing the collector of the transistor 504 to drop.
  • Reducing the gate voltage of transistor 604 causes the output current of transistor 604 to drop, and the sampling voltage Vref4 of sampling resistor 204 to drop.
  • Vref4 ⁇ V BE the transistor 504 is turned off.
  • Vref3 ⁇ Vref4 the transistor 503 operates in an on state, and the transistor 603 operates in an off state.
  • the above process is a reversible process, and the pulse DC voltage starts to drop after rising to Vmax.
  • the transistor 504 is now operating in the amplification region and the transistor 604 is also operating in the amplification region.
  • the LED units 701, 702, 703, and 704 cannot be simultaneously lit, so that no current flows through the LED unit 704, the transistor 604, and the sampling resistor 204, so that the voltage Vref4 of the current input terminal of the sampling resistor 204 is lowered.
  • the sampling voltage Vref3 of the current inflow end of the sampling resistor 203 and the base voltage of the transistor 503 are also lowered.
  • Vref4 is lowered, and transistor 504 and transistor 604 are successively turned off.
  • the base forward voltage Vref3 ⁇ V BE of the transistor 503 the transistor 503 is turned off, the gate voltage of the transistor 603 is thus increased, and the transistor 603 is turned on.
  • the transistor 503 When the voltage drops from VF3 to VF2, the transistor 503 is now operating in the amplification region and the transistor 603 is also operating in the amplification region. However, after the voltage drops, the LED units 701, 702, and 703 cannot be simultaneously lit, so that no current flows through the LED unit 703, the transistor 603, and the sampling resistor 203, so that the voltage Vref3 of the current input terminal of the sampling resistor 203 is lowered and simultaneously sampled. The sampling voltage Vref2 at the current input of the resistor 202 and the base voltage of the transistor 502 are also reduced. Vref3 is lowered, and transistor 503 and transistor 603 are successively turned off.
  • the transistor 602 After the voltage drops from VF2 to VF1, at this time, although the transistor 502 is operating in the amplification region, the transistor 602 also operates in the amplification region. However, after the voltage drops, the LED units 701 and 702 cannot be simultaneously lit, so that no current flows through the LED unit 702, the transistor 602, and the sampling resistor 202, so that the voltage Vref2 of the first end of the sampling resistor 202 is lowered, and the sampling resistor is simultaneously The sampling voltage Vref1 at the current input terminal of 201 and the base voltage of the transistor 501 are also lowered. Vref2 is lowered, and transistor 502 and transistor 602 are successively turned off.
  • the LED unit 701 When the voltage drops from VF1 to 0V, since the voltage drops, the LED unit 701 cannot be lit, so that no current flows through the LED unit 701, the transistor 601, and the sampling resistor 201, so that the voltage Vref1 of the current input terminal of the sampling resistor 201 is lowered. . Vref1 is lowered, and the transistor 501 and the transistor 601 are successively turned off, and no current is passed. Thus, the LED units 701, 702, 703, and 704 are all turned off.
  • the driving circuit of the present invention does not require input voltage sampling, and is equipped with a dedicated controller, so the cost is low, the volume is small, and the reliability is high.
  • the LED constant current driving circuit can adjust the number of conducting units of the LED according to the voltage change, has a high power factor (not less than 0.95), and can improve the voltage utilization rate (greater than 90%).
  • the input current can be changed by changing the resistance of the sampling resistor, so the input power can be adjusted.

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Abstract

一种LED恒流驱动装置，其包括整流模块（10）、恒流模块和照明模块（70），照明模块（70）包括若干个LED单元（701，702，703，704）。整流模块（10）的输出端连接照明模块（70），恒流模块与照明模块（70）相连接。恒流模块包括若干个限流单元（51，52，53，54）和一个采样单元（20），每个限流单元（51，52，53，54）均包括一个电阻（205，206，207，208）、一个稳压管（301，302，303，304）、一个三极管（501，502，503，504）和一个晶体管（601，602，603，604）。在每个限流单元（51，52，53，54）中，其晶体管（601，602，603，604）的漏极与其电阻（205，206，207，208）的一端共同连接至对应的LED单元（701，702，703，704）的输出端，其晶体管（601，602，603，604）的栅极连接其电阻（205，206，207，208）的另一端、其稳压管（301，302，303，304）的负端和其三极管（501，502，503，504）的集电极，其晶体管（601，602，603，604）的源极和其三极管（501，502，503，504）的基极共同连接所述采样单元（20），并且其三极管（501，502，503，504）的发射极与其稳压管（301，302，303，304）的正端连接后接地。LED恒流驱动装置体积小，成本低，同时还具有高功率因数。

Description

一种LED恒流驱动装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种LED驱动装置，尤其涉及一种LED恒流驱动装置。
背景技术
现在国家倡导节能减排，在照明领域采用的LED光源的照明产品以其优良的节能、低碳和绿色环保效果而发展迅速。当LED作为照明装置光源时，照明装置的寿命不仅仅取决于LED，还取决于驱动电源等组件。在目前的应用方案中，LED照明装置寿命的瓶颈仍然是驱动电源。为了降低驱动电源寿命对LED灯具寿命影响，研究人员一方面改良现有的直流电源驱动装置，另一方面设计全新的交流电直接驱动LED的电路。
对于普通老百姓来说，使用LED照明产品能够节省电能，但是现有的LED照明产品存在的问题是驱动寿命短。因为现有的市面上采用的驱动方案为传统的开关电源技术，这种技术相对成熟，但是电源的体积较大，需要有良好的散热性能。在将这种电源技术引入到LED照明产品时，其提供给驱动电源的空间狭小，工作环境温度较高(高于60℃)。这样直接导致驱动寿命降低，同时开关电源的成本高，且EMC特性差(需要外加辅助元件)。而且现有的LED照明产品一旦损坏，基本没有维修的价值，需要直接更换驱动电源，但是由于受限LED照明产品电源腔体的限制，一般只能更换指定厂家，指定型号的驱动电源，且维修过程复杂。
目前也有一些交流直接驱动LED电路，其采用的方法是传统的阻容降压或者采用单路线性恒流技术。阻容降压虽然成本低，但是这些技术存在以下问题，LED电路的功率因数较低(一般为0.2～0.5)。并且需要采用高压电容，这种电容的体积大，寿命远远低于LED，一旦电容损坏LED也就全部会被击穿，直接导致整个灯具报废。此外，采用单路线性恒流技术虽然解决了功率因数的偏低的问题(一般在0.8～0.85)，但是在交流市电工作的一个周期中，由于电路需要一个启动电压，并且该启动电压一般较高，因而有很长时间电路处于不工作状 态(利用率低于60％)。
对于出现的这种情况，现在又出现了改良型的具有多路切换的功能的交流直接驱动LED电路。这种电路通过将一串LED分解为多段，每段接入有一个独立的恒流器，根据不同的电压选择不同的接入端数。这种驱动技术能够较好的解决好原有的驱动技术的问题，但是这种驱动技术同样存在不足。电路需要有特定的输入电压采样电路，同时这类电路中的恒流部分采用了运放等电子元件，因此还需要给这些元件工作提供必要的工作电压和参考电压。然而这些电路会降低电路的可靠性，且需要专用的控制器通过检测到的输入电压来控制多路切换电路。一旦控制切换出现故障，必然导致LED被高压击穿，导致灯具报废。例如，中国专利公开CN201310080348.1公开了一种基于AC电源的分段式LED驱动电路，LED驱动电路包括整流单元、恒流驱动单元和照明单元。该LED驱动电路需要给恒流驱动单元中的运算放大器提供必要的工作电压，电路的可靠性降低。
发明内容
针对现有技术之不足，本发明提供了一种LED恒流驱动装置，其包括整流模块、恒流模块和照明模块，所述照明模块包括若干个LED单元，其特征在于，所述整流模块的输出端连接所述照明模块，所述恒流模块与所述照明模块相连接，所述恒流模块包括若干个限流单元和一个采样单元，每个限流单元均包括一个电阻、一个稳压管、一个三极管和一个晶体管，
在每个限流单元中，其晶体管的漏极与其电阻的一端共同连接至对应的LED单元的输出端，其晶体管的栅极连接其电阻的另一端、其稳压管的负端和其三极管的集电极，其晶体管的源极和其三极管的基极共同连接所述采样单元，并且其三极管的发射极与其稳压管的正端连接后接地，
在每个限流单元中，其晶体管的源极和其三极管的基极均经由对应的采样电阻连接至下一限流单元的晶体管的源极和三极管的基极。
根据一个优选实施方式，所述整流模块包括由四个二极管构成的第一整流臂和第二整流臂，所述四个二极管中的第一二极管和第二二极管串联构成所述第一整流臂，所述四个二极管中的第三二极管和第四二极管串联构成所述第二整流臂。
根据一个优选实施方式，所述二极管为整流二极管或肖特基二极管。
根据一个优选实施方式，所述采样单元由若干个相互串联的采样电阻构成。
根据一个优选实施方式，所述晶体管为N-MOSFET或NPN型三极管。
根据一个优选实施方式，所述限流单元还包括一个电容，所述电容并联至所述稳压管。
根据一个优选实施方式，所述LED单元由多颗或单颗低压LED构成，所述LED采用串联或串并联组合的连接方式进行连接。
根据一个优选实施方式，所述LED单元为采用COB封装的高压LED模组。
本发明至少具有以下优点：
1、LED恒流驱动装置未采用输入电压采样电路和控制电路，成本低、体积小，并且电路可靠性高。
2、电路中未使用电解电容和电感，从而使得LED灯具的使用寿命长，并且具有良好的EMC特性。
3、LED恒流驱动电路能随电压变化而调整LED的导通单元数目，具有较高的功率因数(不小于0.95)，而且能够提高电压的利用率(大于90％)。
4、电路中可以通过改变采样电阻的阻值来调节输入电流的大小，从而实现了输入功率可调。
附图说明
图1是本发明的驱动电路结构图；
图2是本发明的驱动电路原理图；
图3是本发明中输入交流电压的波形图；
图4是本发明中通过整流模块后的电压波形图；和
图5是本发明中输入电压和输入电流随时间变化的波形图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图进行详细说明。如图1所示，本发明的LED恒流驱动装置包括整流模块10、恒流模块和照明模块70。照明模块70包括若干个LED单元。整流模块10的输出端连接照明模块70，恒流模块与照明模块70相连接。恒流 模块包括若干个限流单元和一个采样单元20。每个限流单元均包括一个电阻、一个稳压管、一个三极管和一个晶体管。在每个限流单元中，其晶体管的漏极与其电阻的一端共同连接至对应的LED单元的输出端。晶体管的栅极连接电阻的另一端、稳压管的负端和三极管的集电极。晶体管的源极和三极管的基极共同连接采样单元20，并且三极管的发射极与稳压管的正端连接后接地。前述LED单元可以为多颗或单颗低压LED，也可以是采用COB封装的高压LED模组。
LED恒流驱动装置既有传统的交流直接驱动LED电路的优点，又能够进一步的提高电路的可靠性，同时不需要专用的控制电路，这样电路的成本可以降低。驱动电路中没有用到传统开关电源技术中所需要的电解电容，因而寿命高。驱动电路中也没有电感，因而具有良好的EMC特性。
如图1所示，电路中整流模块10包括4个整流二极管101、102、103、104。采样单元20包括4颗采样电阻201、202、203、204。限流单元51包括1颗三极管501、1颗电阻205、一颗稳压管301和1颗晶体管601。限流单元52包括1颗三极管502、1颗电阻206、一颗稳压管302和1颗晶体管602。限流单元53包括1颗三极管503、1颗电阻207、一颗稳压管303和1颗晶体管603。限流单元54包括1颗三极管504、1颗电阻208、一颗稳压管304和1颗晶体管604。照明模块70包括LED单元701、702、703、704。每个LED单元的LED数量为大于或等于一颗，LED采用串联方式连接，也可以采用串并组合的方式连接。二极管101、102、103、104可以是普通整流二极管，也可以是耐压足够的肖特基二极管或者是可以实现相同功能的其他元器件。晶体管601、602、603、604可以是N-MOSFET，也可以是NPN型三极管。
整流模块10的第一输入端IN1连接在第一二极管101正端和第二二极管102负端的连接节点上。第二二极管102的正端与第四二极管104的正端相连，其连接节点接地。整流模块10的第二输入端IN2连接在第三二极管103的正端与第四二极管104负端的连接节点上。第三二极管103的负端连接第一二极管101的负端，其连接节点构成了整流模块10的输出正端。LED单元701的输入端与整流模块10的输出正端连接。LED单元701的输出端与LED单元702的输入端连接，并且LED单元701的输出端连接晶体管601的漏极和电阻205的一端。LED单元702的输出端与LED单元703的输入端连接，并且LED单 元702的输出端连接晶体管602的漏极和电阻206的一端。LED单元703的输出端与LED单元704的输入端连接，并且LED单元703的输出端连接晶体管603的漏极和电阻207的一端。LED单元704的输出端连接晶体管604的漏极和电阻208的一端。
电阻205的另一端连接稳压管301的负端、三极管501的集电极和晶体管601的栅极。电阻206的另一端连接稳压管302的负端、三极管502的集电极和晶体管602的栅极。电阻207的另一端连接稳压管303的负端、三极管503的集电极和晶体管603的栅极。电阻208的另一端连接稳压管304的负端、三极管504的集电极和晶体管604的栅极。稳压管301的正端与三极管501的发射极连接后再接地。稳压管302的正端与三极管502的发射极连接后再接地。稳压管303的正端与三极管503的发射极连接后再接地。稳压管304的正端与三极管504的发射极连接后再接地。
三极管501的基极与晶体管601的源极连接后，再与采样电阻201的一端连接。三极管502的基极与晶体管602的源极连接后，再与采样电阻201的另一端和采样电阻202的一端连接。三极管503的基极与晶体管603的源极连接后，再与采样电阻202的另一端和采样电阻203的一端连接。三极管504的基极与晶体管604的源极连接后，再与采样电阻203的另一端和采样电阻204的一端连接。采样电阻204的另一端接地。
如图2所示，每个限流单元还可包括一个电容，电容器与稳压管并联，这样可以提高电路的可靠性。电容器401的一端与稳压管301的负端连接，电容401的另一端连接稳压管301的正端。电容器402的一端与稳压管302的负端连接，电容402的另一端连接稳压管302的正端。电容器403的一端与稳压管303的负端连接，电容403的另一端连接稳压管303的正端。电容器404的一端与稳压管304的负端连接，电容404的另一端连接稳压管304的正端。
如图3所示为交流市电的电压波形图。交流市电经过整流二极管101、102、103、104组成的桥式整流电路后输出脉动直流电。脉动直流电的电压波形图如图4所示。
本发明的LED恒流驱动装置的具体工作方式如下：LED单元701、702、703、704的正向导通电压为Vf1、Vf2、Vf3、Vf4。脉冲直流电压在升降过程中存在电压值VF1，VF2，VF3，VF4，该脉冲电压值符合特点：VF1＝Vf1； VF2＝Vf1+Vf2；VF3＝Vf1+Vf2+Vf3；VF4＝Vf1+Vf2+Vf3+Vf4≦Vmax。
在初始时，脉动直流电压由0V上升到VF1后，电流流过LED单元701、电阻205和稳压管301。稳压管301负端上获得一个稳定的电压V1，使晶体管601处于导通状态，电流从LED单元701输出端流过晶体管601、采样电阻201、202、203和204。这样电路导通，LED单元701开始发光。在采样电阻201的电流输入端得到一个采样电压Vref1，Vref1为电阻201、202、203、204各自形成的电压之和。采样电压Vref1提供给三极管501基极电压，当Vref1大于三极管501的基极正向电压VBE＝0.6V时，三极管501导通并工作在放大区，三极管501的集电极的电压下降从而降低晶体管601的栅极电压，导致晶体管601的输出电流下降，采样电阻201的采样电压Vref1下降。当Vref1＜VBE时，三极管501截止，晶体管601的栅极电压上升，使晶体管601导通并工作在放大区。此时流过晶体管601的电流不变，实现了限流，电流Iin＝I1。
当脉动直流电压由VF1上升到VF2的过程中，脉动直流电压达到了限流单元51的预设关断电压值，限流单元51关断。电流流过LED单元701、LED单元702、电阻206和稳压管302。稳压管302负端上获得一个稳定的电压V2，使晶体管602处于导通状态，电流从LED单元702输出端流过晶体管602、采样电阻202、203和204。这样电路导通，LED单元702开始发光。在采样电阻202的电流输入端得到一个采样电压Vref2，Vref2为电阻202、203、204各自形成的电压之和。采样电压Vref2提供给三极管502基极电压，当Vref2大于三极管502的基极正向电压VBE＝0.6V时，三通管502导通并工作在放大区，使三极管502的集电极的下降从而降低晶体管602的栅极电压，导致晶体管602的输出电流下降，采样电阻202的采样电压Vref2下降。当Vref2＜VBE时，三极管502截止。此时晶体管602的栅极电压上升，使晶体管602导通并工作在放大区，流过晶体管602的电流不变，实现了限流，电流Iin＝I2。此时Vref1≥Vref2，三极管501工作在导通状态，晶体管601工作在截止状态。
当脉动直流电压由VF2上升到VF3后，脉动直流电压达到了限流单元52的预设关断电压值，限流单元52关断。电流流过LED单元701、LED单元702、LED单元703、电阻207和稳压管303。稳压管303负端上获得一个稳定的电压V3，使晶体管603处于导通状态，电流从LED单元703输出端流过晶体管603、采样电阻203和204。这样电路导通，LED单元703开始发光。在采样 电阻203的电流输入端得到一个采样电压Vref3，Vref3为电阻203、204各自形成的电压之和。采样电压Vref3提供给三极管503基极电压，当Vref3大于三极管503的基极正向电压VBE＝0.6V时，三通管503导通并工作在放大区，使三极管503的集电极的下降从而降低晶体管603的栅极电压，导致晶体管603的输出电流下降，采样电阻203的采样电压Vref3下降。当Vref3＜VBE时，三极管503截止。此时晶体管603的栅极电压上升，使晶体管603导通并工作在放大区，流过晶体管603的电流不变，实现了限流，电流Iin＝I3。此时Vref2≥Vref3，三极管502工作在导通状态，晶体管602工作在截止状态。
当脉动直流电压由VF3上升到VF4后，脉动直流电压达到了限流单元53的预设关断电压值，限流单元53关断。电流流过LED单元701、LED单元702、LED单元703、LED单元704、电阻208和稳压管304。稳压管304负端上获得一个稳定的电压V4，使晶体管604处于导通状态，电流从LED单元704输出端流过晶体管604和采样电阻204。这样电路导通，LED单元704开始发光。在采样电阻204的电流输入端得到一个采样电压Vref4，Vref4为电阻204的电压。采样电压Vref4提供给三极管504基极电压，当Vref4大于三极管504的基极正向电压VBE＝0.6V时，三通管504导通并工作在放大区，使三极管504的集电极的下降从而降低晶体管604的栅极电压，导致晶体管604的输出电流下降，采样电阻204的采样电压Vref4下降。当Vref4＜VBE时，三极管504截止。此时晶体管604的栅极电压上升，使晶体管604导通并工作在放大区，流过晶体管604的电流不变，实现了限流，电流Iin＝I4。此时Vref3≥Vref4，三极管503工作在导通状态，晶体管603工作在截止状态。
上述过程为可逆过程，脉冲直流电压升至Vmax后开始下降。当电压从VF4下降到VF3时，此时三极管504处于工作在放大区，晶体管604也工作在放大区。但是由于电压下降后，不能使LED单元701、702、703、704同时点亮，从而就没有电流通过LED单元704、晶体管604和采样电阻204，就使得采样电阻204的电流输入端的电压Vref4降低，同时采样电阻203的电流流入端的采样电压Vref3和三极管503的基极电压也随之降低。Vref4降低，三极管504、晶体管604相继截止。此时三极管503的基极正向电压Vref3＜VBE，三极管503截止，晶体管603的栅极电压因此变大，晶体管603导通。限流单元53导通工作，电流下降至Iin＝I3。
当电压从VF3下降到VF2后，此时三极管503处于工作在放大区，晶体管603也工作在放大区。但是由于电压下降后，不能使LED单元701、702、703同时点亮，从而就没有电流通过LED单元703、晶体管603和采样电阻203，就使得采样电阻203的电流输入端的电压Vref3降低，同时采样电阻202的电流输入端的采样电压Vref2和三极管502的基极电压也随之降低。Vref3降低，三极管503、晶体管603相继截止。此时三极管502的基极正向电压Vref2＜VBE，三极管502截止，晶体管602的栅极电压因此变大，限流单元52导通工作，电流下降至Iin＝I2。
当电压从VF2下降到VF1后，此时虽然三极管502处于工作在放大区，使得晶体管602也工作在放大区。但是由于电压下降后，不能使LED单元701、702同时点亮，从而就没有电流通过LED单元702、晶体管602和采样电阻202，就使得采样电阻202的第一端的电压Vref2降低，同时采样电阻201的电流输入端的采样电压Vref1和三极管501的基极电压也随之降低。Vref2降低，三极管502、晶体管602相继截止。此时三极管501的基极正向电压Vref1＜VBE，三极管501截止，晶体管601的栅极电压因此变大，限流单元51导通工作，电流下降至Iin＝I1。
当电压从VF1下降到0V后，由于电压下降了，不能够点亮LED单元701，从而就没有电流通过LED单元701、晶体管601和采样电阻201，就使得采样电阻201的电流输入端的电压Vref1降低。Vref1降低，三极管501、晶体管601相继截止，没有电流通过。这样LED单元701、702、703、704全部熄灭。
本发明的驱动电路不需要输入电压采样，以及配备的专用的控制器，因此成本低、体积小，并且具有很高的可靠性。LED恒流驱动电路能随电压变化而调整LED的导通单元数目，具有较高的功率因数(不小于0.95)，而且能够提高电压的利用率(大于90％)。电路中可以通过改变采样电阻的阻值来改变输入电流的大小，因此可以调整输入功率。
需要注意的是，上述具体实施例是示例性的，在本发明的上述教导下，本领域技术人员可以在上述实施例的基础上进行各种改进和变形，而这些改进或者变形落在本实用新型的保护范围内。本领域技术人员应该明白，上面的具体 描述只是为了解释本发明的目的，并非用于限制本发明。本发明的保护范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种LED恒流驱动装置，其包括整流模块(10)、恒流模块和照明模块(30)，所述照明模块(30)包括若干个LED单元，
    其特征在于，
    所述整流模块(10)的输出端连接所述照明模块(30)，所述恒流模块与所述照明模块(30)相连接，
    所述恒流模块包括若干个限流单元和一个采样单元(20)，每个限流单元均包括一个电阻、一个稳压管、一个三极管和一个晶体管，
    在每个限流单元中，其晶体管的漏极与其电阻的一端共同连接至对应的LED单元的输出端，其晶体管的栅极连接其电阻的另一端、其稳压管的负端和其三极管的集电极，其晶体管的源极和其三极管的基极共同连接所述采样单元(20)，并且其三极管的发射极与其稳压管的正端连接后接地，
    在每个限流单元中，其晶体管的源极和其三极管的基极均经由对应的采样电阻连接至下一限流单元的晶体管的源极和三极管的基极。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的LED恒流驱动装置，其特征在于，所述整流模块(10)包括由四个二极管构成的第一整流臂和第二整流臂，所述四个二极管中的第一二极管(101)和第二二极管(102)串联构成所述第一整流臂，所述四个二极管中的第三二极管(103)和第四二极管(104)串联构成所述第二整流臂。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的LED恒流驱动装置，其特征在于，所述二极管为整流二极管或肖特基二极管。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的LED恒流驱动装置，其特征在于，所述采样单元(20)由若干个相互串联的采样电阻构成。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的LED恒流驱动装置，其特征在于，所述晶体管为N-MOSFET或NPN型三极管。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的LED恒流驱动装置，其特征在于，所述限流单元还包括一个电容，所述电容并联至所述稳压管。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的LED恒流驱动装置，其特征在于，所述LED单元由多颗或单颗低压LED构成，所述LED采用串联或串并联组合的连接方式进行连接。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的LED恒流驱动装置，其特征在于，所述LED单元为采用COB封装的高压LED模组。
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