WO2016095622A1 - 动车组及其外风挡 - Google Patents

动车组及其外风挡 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016095622A1
WO2016095622A1 PCT/CN2015/093830 CN2015093830W WO2016095622A1 WO 2016095622 A1 WO2016095622 A1 WO 2016095622A1 CN 2015093830 W CN2015093830 W CN 2015093830W WO 2016095622 A1 WO2016095622 A1 WO 2016095622A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
windshield
section
end wall
vehicle body
emu
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PCT/CN2015/093830
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪海燕
李宏
鄢桂珍
张方涛
万国强
Original Assignee
中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201410796439.XA external-priority patent/CN104554306B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201420812755.7U external-priority patent/CN204355053U/zh
Application filed by 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 filed Critical 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司
Publication of WO2016095622A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016095622A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/02—Construction details of vehicle bodies reducing air resistance by modifying contour ; Constructional features for fast vehicles sustaining sudden variations of atmospheric pressure, e.g. when crossing in tunnels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, in particular to an electric train set and an outer windshield thereof.
  • the end resistance of the motor car is mainly the pressure loss caused by the eddy current, which accounts for a large proportion of the total vehicle resistance.
  • the outer windshield coating is added to the end wall of the motor car to realize the smooth connection of the vehicle end and improve the aerodynamic performance of the motor train.
  • the external windshield in the prior art is disposed on both sides of the end wall of the vehicle body to realize the windshield function.
  • the program has the following technical problems:
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an EMU and an external windshield thereof, which can realize a smooth connection of adjacent vehicle body end walls and reduce driving resistance.
  • the external windshield of the EMU provided by the present invention is installed on the end wall of the EMU body, and the external windshield is an all-inclusive rubber outer windshield to be in contact with the outer windshield of the adjacent vehicle body, and the outer windshield is in the ring Forming around the periphery of the end wall of the vehicle body; the outer end surface of the outer windshield is curved to contact adjacent two outer windshields; the outer windshield comprises a sealed windshield section and a separate windshield Disassembled The windshield section is inspected, and the inspection windshield section corresponds to the inspection position of the vehicle body end wall.
  • the outer windshield is arranged around the entire end wall, and in the longitudinal direction and the circumferential direction of the EMU, the gap between the vehicle bodies is zero, so that the performance is greatly optimized.
  • the line contact between the outer windshields can minimize the frictional resistance between adjacent windshields to ensure the freedom of each segment.
  • the smooth connection is achieved by the external windshield contact, and the outer windshield is not connected.
  • the service windshield segment comprises a left service windshield segment and a right service windshield segment at two corners of the lower end of the outer windshield.
  • the left service windshield segment, the right service windshield segment and the sealed windshield segment on the underside of the vehicle body end wall form two seams, and the two seams are opposite to the vehicle body end wall
  • the distance between the vertical center lines is not equal.
  • the sealing windshield section has two seams on an upper side of the vehicle body end wall, and the two seams are unequal in distance from a vertical center line of the vehicle body end wall.
  • the outer side of the service windshield section is fixed to the end wall of the vehicle body by a locking screw, and the inner side of the inspection windshield section is provided with a hanging piece, and the end wall is provided with a hanging hole, The inside of the service windshield is hooked to the hanging hole through the hook.
  • the outer side of the maintenance windshield section is fixed by a locking screw, which realizes the fixing of the maintenance windshield section, and the inner side is connected to prevent the outer windshield section from being unstable when the outer locking screw is loose.
  • a locking screw which realizes the fixing of the maintenance windshield section
  • the inner side is connected to prevent the outer windshield section from being unstable when the outer locking screw is loose.
  • the hanging member is a hanging pin shaft
  • the hanging pin shaft has a small diameter section and a large diameter section which are adjacent to each other in the axial direction, and the end wall is provided with a large diameter hole and a small diameter which are connected to each other. a hole through which the large diameter section of the hook pin can pass, and the small diameter hole is inserted into the small diameter hole after the passage, and the small diameter hole is equivalent to the small diameter hole.
  • the end wall is provided with a mounting seat
  • the mounting seat comprises a fixing plate matching the shape of the inner side wall of the inspection windshield section, and a vertically disposed vertical plate; the fixing plate is fixed by fastening bolts
  • the hanging hole is disposed on the vertical plate; the hanging pin is horizontally fixed to an inner side of the inspection windshield segment.
  • the present invention also provides an EMU, including a vehicle body, the end wall of the vehicle body is provided with an outer windshield, wherein the outer windshield is the outer windshield according to any one of the above. Since the above external windshield has the above technical effects, the EMU having the external windshield also has the same technical effect, and details are not described herein again.
  • the outer windshield is a split outer windshield, and the seams are formed separately, and the seams of two adjacent outer windshields are mutually offset.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of an outer windshield provided by the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the outer windshield of two adjacent vehicles
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of the left-handed windshield segment of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the windshield section of the right inspection in Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a structural schematic view showing the position of the hook pin in Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a left side view of Figure 6;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of Figure 8 after the hook pin is removed;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of the hook pin of Figure 6;
  • Figure 11 is a structural schematic view of the position of the locking screw of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific embodiment of an external windshield provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an external windshield of two adjacent vehicles.
  • the outer windshield provided by this embodiment is mounted on an end wall (not shown in FIG. 1) of the motor body of the motor train, that is, an end wall (not shown) mounted on the vehicle body.
  • the outer windshield is an all-inclusive rubber outer windshield, that is, the outer windshield is integrally covered with a rubber layer so that the outer portion thereof is elastically disposed, so that the outer windshield can be external to the adjacent vehicle body.
  • the windshield is in contact, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the outer windshield is generally arranged in an annular shape to be disposed around the end wall of the vehicle body, as shown in FIG.
  • the outer end surface of the outer windshield is curved so that the adjacent two outer windshields are in contact. Also refer to FIG. 2, where the outer end faces, ie the opposite end faces of the adjacent two outer windshields.
  • the line contact is in an initial state.
  • the outer windshield is covered with a rubber layer. When the vehicle body turns, the rubber layer of the outer windshield may be deformed to cause deformation, and then a temporary surface contact is formed.
  • the gap between the car bodies is zero, so that the car end connection of the entire EMU is smooth. , which in turn reduces the problem of driving resistance described in the background art and further enhances the movement A set of aerodynamic performance.
  • the outer windshield of this embodiment is no longer disposed on both sides as in the prior art, but is external.
  • the windshield is arranged around the entire end wall.
  • the gap between the car bodies is zero.
  • the line contact between the outer windshields can minimize the frictional resistance between adjacent windshields to ensure the freedom of each segment.
  • the smooth connection is realized by the way of the external windshield contact, and the outer windshield is not connected.
  • the EMU is unpacked, only the inner windshield, the coupler and the vehicle end connecting cable need to be disassembled, and the outer windshield does not need to be operated.
  • the outer windshield may further include a sealed windshield section 20 and a detachable service windshield section 10, and the service windshield section 10 corresponds to an inspection position of the vehicle body end wall. That is, the position of the service windshield section 10 corresponds to the location where it is often necessary to remove the windshield to access the internal components, such as the location of the electrical components of the end wall.
  • Such a split design when the need for maintenance, as long as the maintenance of the windshield section 10 can be dismantled, without the need for overall removal, can reduce maintenance time and improve efficiency. It can be understood that the parameters such as the position and size of the windshield section 10 can be designed according to the needs of the maintenance space.
  • the sealing windshield section described herein is opposite to the inspection windshield section 10.
  • the maintenance windshield section 10 is based on the maintenance requirement, and the removal frequency is high, and the detachable connecting party is adopted.
  • the windshield section 20 is sealed because it does not need to be removed during maintenance. Therefore, the connection method is more flexible.
  • the preferred solution is to adopt a relatively stable installation method, such as sealing through multiple sets of bolts from the inside. When removing, the operator can Remove the bolts from the inside to the outside.
  • the service windshield segment 10 may include a left service windshield segment 11 and a right service windshield segment 12 at two apex angles at the lower end of the outer windshield, as shown in FIG. Since the electrical components on the underside of the end wall of the vehicle body are usually at two corners, which are located between the windshield and the outer windshield of the vehicle body, and the space is limited based on the operation space, the external windshield must be removed during the inspection of the electrical components.
  • the left access airshield segment 11 and the right service windshield segment 12 are correspondingly disposed at two locations. Only two small sections of detachable inspection windshield section 10 can be designed to meet the requirements of quick maintenance and ensure the overall firm installation effect.
  • the left access airshield section 11, the right service windshield section 12 and the sealed windshield section 20 on the lower side of the vehicle body end wall form two seams a.
  • the two seams a are opposite to the vehicle body end.
  • the distance between the vertical centerline A of the wall can vary. That is, the left service windshield segment 11 and the right service windshield segment 12 are asymmetrically disposed with respect to the vertical centerline A.
  • the sealing windshield section 20 also has two seams a on the upper side of the vehicle body end wall, and the distance between the two seams a is perpendicular to the vertical centerline A of the vehicle body end wall.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG.
  • the seams a on the upper side of the adjacent two outer windshields are also staggered to avoid mutual influence, ensuring sealing effect and strength.
  • the outer windshield is a split type outer windshield, and there is a joint a between the maintenance windshield section 10 and the sealed windshield section 20, and the seam a is also generated when the windshield section 20 is sealed, and the optimized scheme is The seams a of the adjacent two outer windshields are mutually offset.
  • the dislocation method provided above is that the left and right seams a are not equidistant with respect to the vertical center line A, so that under the premise that the seam a is displaced, the settings of each outer windshield are the same, that is, the outer windshield has the same structural design, but After installation to the end wall of the car body, adjacent to the outside wind The seam a of the block will be automatically disengaged to achieve large-scale production and improve efficiency.
  • the left and right maintenance windshield segments 11 and the right windshield segment 12 may be provided with a damper between the sealed windshield segments 20 located above the two. 40, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the damper 40 can provide a better damping effect.
  • the maintenance of the windshield section 10 is for the purpose of easy maintenance, and the removal speed directly affects the inspection efficiency.
  • the following embodiment improves the installation structure of the inspection windshield section 10 to realize quick disassembly and assembly of the inspection windshield section 10.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the left-handed windshield segment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a structural schematic view of the right-handling windshield segment of FIG.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a left side view of Figure 6.
  • the outer side of the maintenance windshield section 10 is fixed to the end wall of the vehicle body by the locking screw 14, the inner side of the maintenance windshield section 10 is provided with a hanging piece, and the end wall is correspondingly provided with the hanging hole 303, and the windshield section 10 is repaired.
  • the inner side is hooked to the attachment hole 303 by a hook.
  • the hooking member may specifically be the hooking pin 13 shown in FIG. 4, and the catching pin shaft 13 has a small diameter section 131 and a large diameter section 132 that are axially connected to each other, that is, the hooking pin shaft 13 is provided with a step.
  • the end wall is provided with a large diameter hole 303a and a small diameter hole 303b which are vertically connected, similar to the "keyhole" structure, as shown in FIG. 9, and FIG. 9 is a structural schematic view of the figure 8 after the hook pin is removed.
  • the large diameter section 132 of the hook pin 13 can pass through the large diameter hole 303a, and the small diameter section 131 can fall into the small diameter hole 303b, and the large diameter section 132 cannot pass through the small diameter hole 303b, thereby achieving horizontal locking. Horizontally attached.
  • the middle portion of the cylinder can be directly cut in the axial direction by a predetermined length, and the cut portion corresponds to the small diameter portion 131, as shown in FIG. 10, and FIG. 10 is the hook pin in FIG. Schematic diagram of the shaft, the forming process is simple; and, after the hooking, the uncut portion corresponding to the small diameter section 131 is located in the large diameter hole 303a, and the cutting portion corresponding to the small diameter section 131 is located in the small diameter hole 303b, the cutting portion and the small diameter hole
  • the 303b is adapted, and the uncut portion is adapted to the large diameter hole 303a, so that the hook pin 13 can be effectively prevented from shaking and the hooking stability can be improved. It will be appreciated that it is also feasible that the entire commutation cut forms an annular step surface.
  • the tail portion 135 of the hook pin 13 has a U-shaped card plate 133.
  • the bottom of the U-shaped card plate 133 is provided with a mounting hole, and the hook pin 13 is fixed in the mounting hole, as shown in FIG.
  • the side of the opening of the card plate 133 is fixed on the mounting plate 111 of the left access windshield segment 11, and the U-shaped card plate 133 can be To be welded to the mounting plate 111.
  • the cooperation of the U-shaped card plate 133 and the mounting plate 111 enables reliable mounting of the hook pin 13 and the left service windshield segment 11 such that the hook pin 13 extends beyond the service windshield segment 10 to provide a hooking operation space.
  • the hook pin 13 has a small diameter section 131 in the middle portion, and a tail portion 135 having an outer diameter smaller than the small diameter section 131, and an annular stage stage 134 having an outer diameter larger than both between the small diameter section 131 and the tail portion 135.
  • the tail portion 135 When mounted on the U-shaped card 133, the tail portion 135 is directly inserted into the mounting hole of the U-shaped card board 133, and the ring stage stage 134 is stuck at the mounting hole for reliable soldering.
  • the large diameter section 132 at the head of the hook pin 13 can be designed with a tapered section at the end of the large diameter section 132, and can be guided when inserted into the hanging hole 303.
  • the hook pin 13 can be horizontally fixed to the inner side of the outer windshield, and the end wall of the car body can be provided with a mounting seat corresponding to the hook pin 13, the mounting seat including the shape of the inner wall of the outer windshield
  • the matching fixing plate 301 as shown in FIG. 6, the fixing plate 301 of the mounting seat on the horizontal section of the left service windshield section 11 is horizontally disposed, and the fixing plate 301 of the mounting seat located in the curved section of the left service windshield section 11 is inclined, It is convenient to arrange the fixing plate 301 in the space of the end wall to avoid interference with the inner side of the outer windshield.
  • the fixing plate 301 can be specifically fixed to the end wall by fastening bolts.
  • the mounting base further includes a vertically disposed vertical plate 302.
  • the hanging hole 303 is disposed on the vertical plate 302.
  • the fixing plate 301 and the vertical plate 302 are integrally formed and can be formed by bending the plate body. Easy to shape, reliable, and of course split settings are also possible.
  • the design is such that the hanging holes 303 are vertically disposed.
  • the hanging hole 303 is vertically disposed, and the hanging pin 13 is horizontally arranged.
  • the horizontally moving and repairing the windshield section 10 can be hooked, which is simple and easy, and the maintenance windshield section 10 needs to overcome the gravity upward and horizontally move. Detachment is obviously difficult to remove and reliable to install.
  • the manner of hooking is not limited to the above embodiment, and other hooking manners and mounting directions may be adopted.
  • the hanging holes 303 are horizontally disposed
  • the hanging members are vertically disposed, and when hooked, the vertical movement is performed to achieve the hooking
  • the structure of the hanging holes 303 and the hanging members can be consistent with the above embodiment.
  • the hooking member is not limited to the hooking pin 13 provided with a step, and may be a hook.
  • the hanging hole 303 is not limited to the above-mentioned "keyhole" structure, and may be The equal diameter hole and the long hole are only when the hook pin 13 as shown in FIG. 8 falls into the small diameter hole 303b for hooking, and the small diameter hole 303b and the small diameter section 131 of the hook pin 13 can be matched, that is, the radial direction The distance is equivalent to help stabilize the hook pin 13 and reduce sway.
  • the outer side of the inspection windshield section 10 is fixed by the locking screw 14, and the fixing of the inspection windshield section 10 is realized, and the inner side is hooked to prevent the outer windshield section 10 from being unstable when the outer locking screw 14 is loosened.
  • the inside of the windshield section 10 is first attached and then the outer side is fixed by the locking screw 14; during the inspection, only the outer locking screw 14 needs to be removed, and then the maintenance windshield section 10 is moved to release the hanging component.
  • the access hole 303 can realize the removal of the inspection windshield section 10. Compared with the sealing windshield section 20, the quick disassembly and assembly of the inspection windshield section 10 is obviously realized, thereby greatly improving the inspection efficiency.
  • FIG. 11 is a structural schematic view of the position of the locking screw in FIG.
  • the end wall is provided with a fixing seat 304.
  • the locking screw 14 fixes the outer frame 11a of the inspection windshield section to the fixing base 304, and the locking screw 14 is inserted into the threaded hole of the fixing base 304 from the outside. As shown in FIG. 11, the locking screw 14 is sequentially inserted into the spacer 17, the outer frame 11a, the support base 16, the anti-dropping pad 15, and the fixing base 304, that is, between the locking screw 14 and the inner wall of the outer frame 11a.
  • the pad 15 and the support base 16, the anti-drop pad 15 abuts against the support base 16, and the support base 16 abuts against the inner wall of the outer frame 11a.
  • the anti-dropping pad 15 can prevent the locking screw 14 from coming off, prevent the locking screw 14 from being lost, and is convenient for the maintenance personnel to inspect.
  • the outer frame 11a of the left access airshield section 11 is thinner, and the support base 16 is provided to facilitate the stabilization of the locking screw 14.
  • connection details of the hook pin 13 and the locking screw 14 are described by taking the left-hand repair windshield section 11 as an example, and the right-hand repairing windshield section 12 is connected in exactly the same manner, which can be understood.
  • the locking screw 14 is inserted from the outside of the inspection windshield section 10, which is convenient for the maintenance personnel to disassemble.
  • the present invention further provides an EMU, including a vehicle body, the end wall of the vehicle body is provided with an outer windshield, and the outer windshield is the outer windshield described in any of the above embodiments, and the adjacent two Adjacent to the outer windshield of the car body. Since the above external windshield has the above technical effects, the EMU having the external windshield also has the same technical effect, and details are not described herein again.
  • the preferred solution is that when the outer windshield is a split outer windshield, the seams are formed into separate seams, and the joints a of the adjacent outer windshields are mutually offset.
  • the technical effect refer to the description of the above embodiment.

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Abstract

一种动车组及其外风挡，外风挡安装于动车组车体的端墙，所述外风挡为全包橡胶外风挡，以与相邻车体的外风挡相接触，且所述外风挡呈环状，以围绕车体端墙的四周设置；所述外风挡的外端面呈弧形，以使相邻两所述外风挡线接触。如此设置，动车组的车体连挂后，相邻车体的外风挡相互接触，而且外风挡围绕整个端墙设置，在动车组的长度方向、周向上，各车体之间的间隙为零，从而实现整个动车组的车端连接平顺化，减小了行车阻力，进一步提升动车组空气动力学性能。在此基础上，外风挡之间线接触，可以尽量减小相邻外风挡之间可能存在的摩擦阻力。

Description

动车组及其外风挡
本申请要求于2014年12月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410796439.X、发明名称为“动车组及其外风挡”的中国专利申请以及要求于2014年12月18日提交中国专利局、申请号为201420812755.7、发明名称为“动车组及其外风挡”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及轨道车辆技术领域，特别涉及一种动车组及其外风挡。
背景技术
动车车端阻力主要为涡流导致的压力损失，占全车阻力的比例较大。为此，现有技术中在动车的端墙增加外风挡包覆，实现车端连接平顺化，提升动车组空气动力学性能。
目前，现有技术中的外风挡设于车体端墙的两侧，实现风挡功能。但该方案存在下述技术问题：
第一、相邻两车体的外风挡之间留有间隙，导致车端连接不连续，仍然存在一定的行车阻力；
第二、车体内风挡和外风挡之间设有电气元件等，需要检修时，需要将外风挡整体拆除，工作难度高，效率低下，导致停车时间偏长。
有鉴于此，亟待改进外风挡的结构，以减小风阻，是本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的为提供一种动车组及其外风挡，该外风挡能够实现相邻车体端墙的平顺连接，减小行车阻力。
本发明提供的动车组的外风挡，安装于动车组车体的端墙，所述外风挡为全包橡胶外风挡，以与相邻车体的外风挡相接触，且所述外风挡呈环状，以围绕车体端墙的四周设置；所述外风挡的外端面呈弧形，以使相邻两所述外风挡线接触；所述外风挡包括分体设置的封固风挡段和可拆卸的 检修风挡段，所述检修风挡段对应于车体端墙的检修位置。
如此设置，动车组的车体连挂后，相邻车体的外风挡相互接触，在动车组的长度方向上，各车体之间的间隙为零，从而实现整个动车组的车端连接平顺化，继而减小了背景技术中所述的行车阻力问题，进一步提升动车组空气动力学性能。而且外风挡围绕整个端墙设置，则在动车组的长度方向、周向上，各车体之间的间隙为零，使其性能得以大幅优化。在此基础上，外风挡之间线接触，可以尽量减小相邻外风挡之间可能存在的摩擦阻力，以保证各段车体的自由度。另外，通过外风挡接触的方式实现平顺化连接，外风挡之间并不连接，动车组解编时，只需要拆解内风挡、车钩和车端连接电缆等，外风挡无需操作。且如此分体设计，当需要检修时，只要将检修风挡段拆开即可进行，无需整体拆除，可减少检修时间，提高效率。
可选地，所述检修风挡段包括位于所述外风挡下端的两个顶角处的左检修风挡段和右检修风挡段。
可选地，所述左检修风挡段、所述右检修风挡段与车体端墙下侧的所述封固风挡段形成两道接缝，两道所述接缝相对所述车体端墙竖直中线的距离不等。
如此，当相邻两外风挡接触时，接缝不会相接触，从而避免接缝相互影响，确保密封效果和强度。而且，在实现接缝错离的前提下，每一个外风挡的设置相同，即外风挡的结构设计相同，但安装至车体端墙后，相邻两外风挡的接缝将自动错离，实现规模化生产，提高效率。
可选地，所述封固风挡段在所述车体端墙的上侧具有两道接缝，两道所述接缝相对所述车体端墙竖直中线的距离不等。
可选地，所述检修风挡段的外侧通过锁紧螺钉与所述车体的端墙固定，所述检修风挡段的内侧设有挂接件，所述端墙设有挂接孔，所述检修风挡段的内侧通过所述挂接件挂接于所述挂接孔。
检修风挡段的外侧采用锁紧螺钉固定，实现了检修风挡段的固定，而内侧挂接，可防止外侧锁紧螺钉松动时，检修风挡段不稳固。安装时，先 挂接检修风挡段的内侧，再将外侧通过锁紧螺钉固定；检修时，则仅需拆除外侧的锁紧螺钉，再移动检修风挡段以使挂接件脱离挂接孔，即可实现检修风挡段的拆除，相较于封固风挡段，显然实现了检修风挡段的快速拆装，从而大幅提高检修效率。
可选地，所述挂接件为挂接销轴，所述挂接销轴具有沿其轴向相接的小径段和大径段，所述端墙设有相接的大径孔和小径孔，所述挂接销轴的大径段能够穿过所述大径孔，穿过后所述小径段落入所述小径孔内挂接，所述小径孔与所述小径段孔径相当。
可选地，所述端墙设有安装座，所述安装座包括与所述检修风挡段内侧壁形状匹配的固定板，以及竖向设置的竖向板；所述固定板通过紧固螺栓固定于所述端墙，所述挂接孔设于所述竖向板；所述挂接销轴水平固定于所述检修风挡段的内侧。
本发明还提供一种动车组，包括车体，所述车体的端墙设有外风挡，其特征在于，所述外风挡为上述任一项所述的外风挡。由于上述外风挡具有上述技术效果，具有该外风挡的动车组也具有相同技术效果，此处不再赘述。
可选地，所述外风挡为分体式外风挡，分体形成接缝，且相邻两所述外风挡的所述接缝相互错离。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供外风挡一种具体实施例的结构示意图；
图2为相邻两车体外风挡相接触的结构示意图；
图3为图2的俯视图；
图4为图1中左检修风挡段的结构示意图；
图5为图1中右检修风挡段的结构示意图；
图6为图4中设有挂接销轴位置的结构示意图；
图7为图6的俯视图；
图8为图6的左视图；
图9为图8中拆除挂接销轴后的结构示意图；
图10为图6中挂接销轴的结构示意图；
图11为图4中锁紧螺钉位置的结构示意图。
图1-11中：
10检修风挡段、11左检修风挡段、11a外侧骨架、111安装板、12右检修风挡段、13挂接销轴、131小径段、132大径段、133U形卡板、134环形台阶段、135尾部、14锁紧螺钉、15防脱垫、16支撑座、17垫片、20封固风挡段、301固定板、302竖向板、303挂接孔、303a大径孔、303b小径孔、304固定座、40减振器、a接缝、A竖向中线。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图1，图1为本发明所提供外风挡一种具体实施例的结构示意图；图2为相邻两车体外风挡相接触的结构示意图。
本实施例提供的外风挡，安装于动车组车体的端墙(图1中未示出)，即安装于车体的端墙(图中未示出)。与现有技术不同的是，本实施例中外风挡为全包橡胶外风挡，即外风挡整体包覆有橡胶层，以使其外部呈弹性设置，如此，外风挡可以与相邻车体的外风挡相接触，如图2所示。另外，该外风挡大体呈环状设置，以围绕车体端墙四周设置，如图1所示。
而且，该实施例中外风挡的外端面呈弧形，以使相邻两外风挡线接触。同样请参考图2，此处的外端面，即相邻两外风挡相对的端面。此处的线接触为初始状态，实际上可以理解，基于外风挡包覆有橡胶层，当车体拐弯时，外风挡的橡胶层可能会产生一定抵触而产生形变，继而形成暂时的面接触。
如此设置，动车组的车体连挂后，相邻车体的外风挡相互接触，在动车组的长度方向上，各车体之间的间隙为零，从而实现整个动车组的车端连接平顺化，继而减小了背景技术中所述的行车阻力问题，进一步提升动 车组空气动力学性能。
需要强调的是，现有技术中主要关注侧风对车体动力学影响，而忽视了车体的上侧，本实施例的外风挡不再如现有技术中仅两侧设置，而是外风挡围绕整个端墙设置，则在动车组的长度方向、周向上，各车体之间的间隙为零，试验表明，该种设计使其性能得以大幅优化。可参考下表理解，下表数据根据动车以正常车速250km/h行驶且在有风和无风两种环境下测量获得。
表1
Figure PCTCN2015093830-appb-000001
在此基础上，外风挡之间线接触，可以尽量减小相邻外风挡之间可能存在的摩擦阻力，以保证各段车体的自由度。
本实施例通过外风挡接触的方式实现了平顺化连接，外风挡之间并不连接，动车组解编时，只需要拆解内风挡、车钩和车端连接电缆等，外风挡无需操作。
对于上述实施例可进一步改进，外风挡可以包括分体设置的封固风挡段20和可拆卸的检修风挡段10，检修风挡段10对应于车体端墙的检修位置。即检修风挡段10的位置对应于经常需要拆除风挡以进行检修内部元件的位置，比如，对应于端墙电气元件的位置。
如此分体设计，当需要检修时，只要将检修风挡段10拆开即可进行，无需整体拆除，可减少检修时间，提高效率。可以理解，检修风挡段10的位置、尺寸等参数，可以根据检修空间需要设计。
需要说明的是，此处所述的封固风挡段，与检修风挡段10属于相对的概念，检修风挡段10基于检修需要，拆除频率较高，采取可拆卸的连接方 式；封固风挡段20，由于检修时也无需拆除，故其连接方式更为灵活，优选的方案是采取较为稳固的安装方式，比如自内部通过多组螺栓封固，拆除时，操作人员可自内部向外依次取下螺栓。
具体地，检修风挡段10可以包括位于外风挡下端的两个顶角处的左检修风挡段11和右检修风挡段12，如图1所示。由于车体端墙下侧的电气元件等通常处于两个顶角处，位于车体内风挡和外风挡之间，而该处基于操作空间限制，对电气元件进行检修时必须拆除外风挡，故可将两处位置对应设置左检修风挡段11和右检修风挡段12。只设计两小段可拆卸的检修风挡段10即可满足快速检修需求，并保证整体的牢固安装效果。
针对上述实施例，左检修风挡段11、右检修风挡段12与车体端墙下侧的封固风挡段20会形成两道接缝a，作为优化方案，两道接缝a相对车体端墙竖直中线A的距离可以不等。即左检修风挡段11和右检修风挡段12相对竖直中线A非对称设置。
本文中所述的“左”、“右”以图1为视角，即面对车体端墙时，车体端墙的左、右，可以理解，将该外风挡安装至车体的两端时，两端外风挡的左检修风挡段11和右检修风挡段12的设置方向恰好相反，相应地，相邻两车体相邻的外风挡设置方向也相反，则相邻两外风挡下侧由检修风挡段10和封固风挡段20形成的接缝a将会错开。
如此，当相邻两外风挡接触时，接缝a不会相接触，从而避免接缝a相互影响，确保密封效果和强度。
与之原理相同，为了便于安装，封固风挡段20在车体端墙的上侧也具有两道接缝a，该两道接缝a相对车体端墙竖直中线A的距离也不等。可以结合图3理解，图3为图2的俯视图。如此设置，相邻两外风挡上侧的接缝a也错开，避免相互影响，确保密封效果和强度。
上述实施例中，外风挡为分体式外风挡，检修风挡段10和封固风挡段20之间会有接缝a，封固风挡段20分体时也会产生接缝a，优化的方案是，相邻两外风挡的接缝a相互错离。以上提供的错离方式为左右接缝a相对于竖直中线A不等距，如此在实现接缝a错离的前提下，每一个外风挡的设置相同，即外风挡的结构设计相同，但安装至车体端墙后，相邻两外风 挡的接缝a将自动错离，实现规模化生产，提高效率。
针对上述设置左检修风挡段11和右检修风挡段12的实施例，左检修风挡段11和右检修风挡段12，与位于二者之上的封固风挡段20之间均可以设置减振器40，如图1所示。减振器40可以起到较好的减振作用。
鉴于上述设计，检修风挡段10是为了便于检修，则其拆除速度直接影响检修效率，下述实施例对检修风挡段10的安装结构作了改进，以实现检修风挡段10的快速拆装。
如图4-8所示，图4为图1中左检修风挡段的结构示意图；图5为图1中右检修风挡段的结构示意图；图6为图4中设有挂接销轴位置的结构示意图；图7为图6的俯视图；图8为图6的左视图。
具体地，检修风挡段10的外侧通过锁紧螺钉14与车体的端墙固定，检修风挡段10的内侧设有挂接件，端墙则相应地设有挂接孔303，检修风挡段10的内侧通过挂接件挂接于挂接孔303。
挂接件具体可以是图4中所示的挂接销轴13，挂接销轴13具有沿其轴向相接的小径段131和大径段132，即挂接销轴13设有台阶，端墙则设有竖向相接的大径孔303a和小径孔303b，类似“钥匙孔”结构，如图9所示，图9为图8中拆除挂接销轴后的结构示意图。挂接销轴13的大径段132能够穿过大径孔303a，穿过后小径段131可落入小径孔303b内，大径段132无法通过小径孔303b，继而实现水平方向的卡挂，即水平挂接。
为了便于形成所需的挂接销轴13，可以直接将柱体的中部沿轴向切削预定长度，切削的部分对应为小径段131，如图10所示，图10为图6中挂接销轴的结构示意图，该种形成工艺简单；而且，挂接后，小径段131对应的未切削部分位于大径孔303a中，小径段131对应的切削部分位于小径孔303b中，切削部位与小径孔303b适配，未切削部位与大径孔303a适配，可以有效防止挂接销轴13晃动，提高挂接稳定性。可以理解，整个换向切削形成环状台阶面也是可行的。
图10中，挂接销轴13的尾部135具有U形卡板133，U形卡板133的底部设有安装孔，挂接销轴13固定于安装孔中，如图6所示，U形卡板133的开孔侧面固定于左检修风挡段11的安装板111上，U形卡板133可 以焊接于安装板111。U形卡板133和安装板111的配合实现了挂接销轴13与左检修风挡段11的可靠安装，使得挂接销轴13伸出检修风挡段10之外，以提供挂接操作空间。
此时，挂接销轴13具有中部的小径段131、以及外径小于小径段131的尾部135，小径段131和尾部135之间具有外径大于二者的环形台阶段134。安装于U形卡板133时，直接将尾部135***U形卡板133的安装孔，环形台阶段134卡于安装孔处，以实施可靠焊接固定。
进一步地，位于挂接销轴13头部的大径段132，可以设计有位于大径段132端部的锥形段，则***挂接孔303时，可以起到导向的作用。
为了便于实现该种挂接，挂接销轴13可以水平固定于外风挡的内侧，车体的端墙则可以设置与挂接销轴13对应的安装座，安装座包括与外风挡内侧壁形状匹配的固定板301，如图6所示，位于左检修风挡段11水平段上的安装座的固定板301水平设置，位于左检修风挡段11弯曲段的安装座的固定板301倾斜设置，如此便于固定板301在端墙的空间布置，以避免与外风挡内侧干涉。固定板301具体可通过紧固螺栓固定于端墙。
安装座还包括竖向设置的竖向板302，挂接孔303设于竖向板302，图中所示的固定板301和竖向板302为一体式结构，可以由板体折弯形成，易于成型，强度可靠，当然分体设置也是可行的。如此设计，使得挂接孔303均竖向设置。
即挂接孔303竖向设置，挂接销轴13水平设置，安装时，直接水平移动检修风挡段10即可实现挂接，简单易行，且检修风挡段10需要克服重力向上并水平移动才能脱离，显然脱离难度大，安装可靠。
可以理解，挂接的方式并不限于上述实施例，还可以采取其他挂接方式和挂接方向。比如，挂接孔303水平设置，挂接件竖向设置，挂接时，竖向移动以实现挂接，挂接孔303和挂接件的结构可以与上述实施例一致。
当然，无论采取何种挂接方式，挂接件并不限于设有台阶的挂接销轴13，比如，可以是卡钩，挂接孔303也并不限于上述“钥匙孔”结构，可以是等径孔、长条孔，只是如图8所示的挂接销轴13落入小径孔303b实现挂接时，小径孔303b和挂接销轴13的小径段131可以相匹配，即径向 距离相当，有助于稳定挂接销轴13，减少晃动。
上述实施例中，检修风挡段10的外侧采用锁紧螺钉14固定，实现了检修风挡段10的固定，而内侧挂接，可防止外侧锁紧螺钉14松动时，检修风挡段10不稳固。安装时，先挂接检修风挡段10的内侧，再将外侧通过锁紧螺钉14固定；检修时，则仅需拆除外侧的锁紧螺钉14，再移动检修风挡段10以使挂接件脱离挂接孔303，即可实现检修风挡段10的拆除，相较于封固风挡段20，显然实现了检修风挡段10的快速拆装，从而大幅提高检修效率。
对于上述各实施例，锁紧螺钉14和外风挡的固定具体可以参考图11所示，图11为图4中锁紧螺钉位置的结构示意图。
端墙设有固定座304，锁紧螺钉14固定检修风挡段的外侧骨架11a于所述固定座304，锁紧螺钉14自外侧***固定座304的螺纹孔中。如图11所示，锁紧螺钉14依次***垫片17、外侧骨架11a、支撑座16、防脱垫15、固定座304，即锁紧螺钉14与外侧骨架11a的内壁之间设有防脱垫15和支撑座16，防脱垫15贴紧支撑座16，支撑座16贴紧外侧骨架11a的内壁。防脱垫15可阻止锁紧螺钉14的脱落，防止锁紧螺钉14丢失，便于检修人员检修。左检修风挡段11的外侧骨架11a厚度较薄，设置支撑座16便于锁紧螺钉14的稳固。
上述实施例中，挂接销轴13以及锁紧螺钉14的具体连接细节以左检修风挡段11为例说明，右检修风挡段12的连接方式与之完全相同，可参照理解。锁紧螺钉14自检修风挡段10的外侧***，可便于检修人员拆装。
除上述外风挡，本发明还提供一种动车组，包括车体，所述车体的端墙设有外风挡，所述外风挡为上述任一实施例所述的外风挡，则相邻两车体的相邻外风挡接触。由于上述外风挡具有上述技术效果，具有该外风挡的动车组也具有相同技术效果，此处不再赘述。
如上所述，优选的方案是，外风挡为分体式外风挡时，分体形成接缝a，且相邻两外风挡的接缝a相互错离，技术效果可参见上述实施例的描述。
以上对本发明所提供的一种动车组及其外风挡均进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例 的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种动车组的外风挡，安装于动车组车体的端墙，其特征在于，所述外风挡为全包橡胶外风挡，以与相邻车体的外风挡相接触，且所述外风挡呈环状，以围绕车体端墙的四周设置；所述外风挡的外端面呈弧形，以使相邻两所述外风挡线接触；所述外风挡包括分体设置的封固风挡段(20)和可拆卸的检修风挡段(10)，所述检修风挡段(10)对应于车体端墙的检修位置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的外风挡，其特征在于，所述检修风挡段(10)包括位于所述外风挡下端的两个顶角处的左检修风挡段(11)和右检修风挡段(12)。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的外风挡，其特征在于，所述左检修风挡段(11)、所述右检修风挡段(12)与车体端墙下侧的所述封固风挡段(20)形成两道接缝(a)，两道所述接缝(a)相对所述车体端墙竖直中线(A)的距离不等。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的分体式外风挡，其特征在于，所述封固风挡段(20)在所述车体端墙的上侧具有两道接缝(a)，两道所述接缝(a)相对所述车体端墙竖直中线(A)的距离不等。
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一项所述的动车组车体，其特征在于，所述检修风挡段(10)的外侧通过锁紧螺钉(14)与所述车体的端墙固定，所述检修风挡段(10)的内侧设有挂接件，所述端墙设有挂接孔(303)，所述检修风挡段(10)的内侧通过所述挂接件挂接于所述挂接孔(303)。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的动车组车体，其特征在于，所述挂接件为挂接销轴(13)，所述挂接销轴(13)具有沿其轴向相接的小径段(131)和大径段(132)，所述端墙设有相接的大径孔(303a)和小径孔(303b)，所述挂接销轴(13)的大径段(132)能够穿过所述大径孔(303a)，穿过后所述小径段(131)落入所述小径孔(303b)内挂接，所述小径孔(303b)与所述小径段(131)孔径相当。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的动车组车体，其特征在于，所述端墙设有安 装座，所述安装座包括与所述检修风挡段(10)内侧壁形状匹配的固定板(301)，以及竖向设置的竖向板(302)；所述固定板(301)通过紧固螺栓固定于所述端墙，所述挂接孔(303)设于所述竖向板(302)；所述挂接销轴(13)水平固定于所述检修风挡段(10)的内侧。
  8. 一种动车组，包括车体，所述车体的端墙设有外风挡，其特征在于，所述外风挡为权利要求1-7任一项所述的外风挡。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的动车组，其特征在于，所述外风挡为分体式外风挡，分体形成接缝(a)，且相邻两所述外风挡的所述接缝(a)相互错离。
PCT/CN2015/093830 2014-12-18 2015-11-05 动车组及其外风挡 WO2016095622A1 (zh)

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CN111985052A (zh) * 2020-08-18 2020-11-24 中南大学 一种高速列车外风挡结构的优化方法及外风挡结构
CN111985052B (zh) * 2020-08-18 2024-07-30 中南大学 一种高速列车外风挡结构的优化方法及外风挡结构

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CN111985052A (zh) * 2020-08-18 2020-11-24 中南大学 一种高速列车外风挡结构的优化方法及外风挡结构
CN111985052B (zh) * 2020-08-18 2024-07-30 中南大学 一种高速列车外风挡结构的优化方法及外风挡结构

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