WO2016088959A1 - Combined heat and power generation system using biomass gasification - Google Patents

Combined heat and power generation system using biomass gasification Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016088959A1
WO2016088959A1 PCT/KR2015/005980 KR2015005980W WO2016088959A1 WO 2016088959 A1 WO2016088959 A1 WO 2016088959A1 KR 2015005980 W KR2015005980 W KR 2015005980W WO 2016088959 A1 WO2016088959 A1 WO 2016088959A1
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syngas
power generation
biomass
gasification
gasifier
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PCT/KR2015/005980
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
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김종표
홍선일
손진국
이재구
홍성구
김명준
김의용
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삼양에코너지(주)
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Publication of WO2016088959A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016088959A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B63/00—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices
    • F02B63/04—Adaptations of engines for driving pumps, hand-held tools or electric generators; Portable combinations of engines with engine-driven devices for electric generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gasification cogeneration system using biomass, which will be described in more detail.
  • the synthesis gas is produced in a gasifier using a biomass raw material, and the synthesized gas apparatus is a high-quality purified gas refined through a purification apparatus.
  • the present invention relates to a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass developed to improve efficiency by organically treating waste heat generated and cooling of a device while enabling power generation.
  • the fuel that led to the industrialization was not the wood that has been used by humans for a long time, but the stronger firepower and the mass of coal that can be easily harvested. This is the important energy that can be used by humans after oil and natural gas. It has been a source.
  • biomass which is energy generated from recycling organic organic resources such as wood, such as wood, crops, algae, plankton, and biological waste, is a chemical fuel due to the irreversible consumption of resources and carbon dioxide accumulation.
  • This technology is being studied by being useful as a renewable resource in the future that can be used instead.
  • the gasification method of producing high quality fuel with high efficiency consisting of gas except combustion method or liquid bio oil has little emission of carbon dioxide when applied to power generation system and pollutants to outside. It is a very promising area to reduce emissions.
  • the present invention was developed to solve the above problems, the object of which is to develop a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass having a purification means so that the gas produced in the gasifier can be a better synthesis gas Is in.
  • the present invention is to develop a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass that can effectively recycle the heat of the exhaust gas generated from the power generation apparatus.
  • the present invention is to develop a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass that can process the contaminants or impurities generated in the process of the present application step by step.
  • the present invention provides a fuel supply device for inputting and supplying a raw material of biomass, a gasifier for producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane by gasifying the supplied biomass raw material, and synthesizing
  • a gasification power generation system including a blower for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the gas, a filter device for removing fine impurities, and a power generation device using an internal combustion engine using synthetic gas as a raw material;
  • a catalytic reactor for removing tar contained in the syngas using the catalyst as a catalyst from the gasifier, a bypass pipe for preventing the syngas from passing through the catalytic reactor, and a plurality of bypass pipes in parallel after being combined again.
  • a gas purification system having a plurality of cyclones branched into dogs to remove heavy tar and dust.
  • the present invention provides a better synthesis gas by treating contaminants or impurities contained in the synthesis gas step by step through a dry and wet gas purification device including a catalytic reactor, a cyclone, a scrubber, a water condenser, and a filter. It has the effect of increasing the power generation efficiency and reducing the emission of pollutants.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the operation of the gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the analysis of the composition of the synthesis gas according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing the operation of the oxidant circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the operation of the cooling water circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a conceptual view showing a wastewater treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is an operation of a gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a flow chart showing the composition of the synthesis gas composition according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a graph showing the calorific value of the synthesis gas according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the oxidant circulation system and exhaust gas recycling system for improving energy efficiency in the biomass gasification cogeneration process is provided with a gas purification system for producing high quality synthesis gas, a cooling water circulation system.
  • Wood-based biomass and agricultural by-products such as wood chips, sawdust and rice husk are the main ingredients.
  • the configuration of the present invention is a fuel supply device 11 for inputting and supplying the raw material of biomass, the gasifier 12 for gasifying the supplied biomass raw material to produce a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, Gasification power generation comprising a blower 13 for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the synthesis gas, a filter device 14 for removing fine impurities, and a power generation device 15 using an internal combustion engine using the synthesis gas as a raw material.
  • the system 1 is a basic configuration.
  • the fuel supply device 11 of the present invention is preferably manufactured by dividing the fuel transport device and the storage device.
  • the fuel transport device uses a belt, a screw, a bucket elevator conveyor, and a gasifier for smooth supply of biomass fuel. (12) By interlocking the sensor and the Kenveyer in the upper portion to automatically stop and operate according to the amount of biomass fuel in the gasifier 12, it is preferable to enable the speed control through the frequency control.
  • the storage is also silo or containerized and uses the engine exhaust from the power generation system to dry the stored biomass fuel.
  • gasification of biomass produces a synthesis gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, and a drying zone (100-150 ° C.), a pyrolysis zone (500-600 ° C.) and oxidation It is divided into an area (1000 to 1100 ° C) and a reducing area (700 to 800 ° C).
  • a synthesis gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane
  • a drying zone 100-150 ° C.
  • a pyrolysis zone 500-600 ° C.
  • oxidation It is divided into an area (1000 to 1100 ° C) and a reducing area (700 to 800 ° C).
  • Blower (13) in the present invention is a device for controlling the pressure and flow rate in the gasification process to determine the gasification capacity and synthesis gas production, it is preferable to be able to adjust the pressure through the frequency control.
  • the filter device 14 is a device for removing the fine tar, dust, water, etc. remaining in the synthesis gas to have a two-stage parallel module form, in the case of the filter material sintered filter in the first stage, Teflon in the second stage Filters can be used to increase efficiency and bimass fuel can be used directly as a filter material.
  • the power generation device 15 is an apparatus for producing electric power, using an internal combustion engine (engine) that uses synthetic gas as a fuel, and enables to adjust the air-fuel ratio and compression ratio according to the synthesis gas composition ratio, and a storage tank (buffer) for storing the synthesis gas. Tank) and a combustion device for burning the syngas when not developed.
  • engine internal combustion engine
  • buffer storage tank
  • the present application is a configuration for obtaining a synthesis gas of a higher quality synthesis gas in the synthesis gas supplied from the gasifier 12 using a catalyst to the tar contained in the synthesis gas
  • the bypass pipe 22 to prevent the synthesis gas from passing through the catalytic reactor 21, and the bypass pipe 22 are combined again, branched into a plurality of pieces in parallel to remove heavy tar and dust.
  • a gas purification system 2 having a plurality of cyclones 23 to be removed was further provided.
  • Catalytic reactor 21 is a device for removing (modifying) the tar contained in the synthesis gas using a catalyst (Ni, Ru, Ca, etc.) can be used in the pellet type and monolith form, the catalytic reactor 21 In addition, since a large amount of tar decreases efficiency and hinders the flow of syngas during long time operation, a bypass pipe 22 is formed to prevent the gasifier 12 from passing through the catalytic reactor 21. This is preferred.
  • the cyclone 23 is a device that removes dust and heavy tar can reduce the differential pressure in the system when the parallel module method and can be selectively operated according to the capacity as well as improving the purification efficiency.
  • the gas purification system 2 in the present invention is to effectively filter out various contaminants while increasing the purification efficiency of the synthesis gas.
  • the present inventors conducted a gasification experiment and performed about 15 hours at a biomass fuel input amount of 15 tons / day.
  • syngas flow rate was about 1220m3 / h
  • syngas low calorific value was about 1085kcal / Nm3
  • cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion were about 65%, 86%
  • syngas purification efficiency and thermal energy efficiency were 84% and 61%, respectively.
  • the power output was up to 248kW.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an oxidant circulation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the gas purification system 2 includes air and heat introduced from outside of the syngas having passed through a cyclone 23.
  • a first heat exchanger (31) for exchange for exchange, and heated air being supplied to the gasifier (12) to act as an oxidant.
  • the oxidizing agent is generally used to use air or steam, and in the present invention, the sensible heat of the syngas is recovered and supplied to the high temperature oxidizing agent.
  • the syngas production yield is increased to increase energy efficiency.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a cooling water circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the syngas having passed through the first heat exchanger 31 sprays coolant into the scrubber 41 to remove fine tar. ) And a water condenser 42 for condensing and removing moisture by flowing cooling water to the surface;
  • Cooling water 43 for cooling the cooling water and then supplying it to the scrubber 41, the water condenser 42, and the power generator 15, and wastewater including fine tar mixed with water and separated from the scrubber 41.
  • Waste water treatment device 45 which separates the waste water into cooling water and sludge from the waste water via a second heat exchanger 44 which recovers the heat of the wastewater, and sends the cooling water to the cooling device 43, and the heat of the cooling water cooling the power generation device 15.
  • a cooling water circulation system (4) comprising a third heat exchanger (46) for sending the cooling water to the cooling device (43).
  • the scrubber 41 is a device that removes fine tar by spraying the coolant and is in the form of a parallel module.
  • the scrubber 41 is sprayed on the upper and middle sides of each scrubber 41 to increase the contact efficiency and the tar dew point. Is about 150 ⁇ 350 °C and in the scrubber of the present invention to lower to 50 °C or less.
  • the wastewater treatment device 45 is a device for treating wastewater from the scrubber 41 and is removed by a physicochemical treatment method, and the sludge generated in the treatment process is dried with engine exhaust gas by an exhaust gas recycling system to be described later, and then gasified fuel. It was configured to utilize as.
  • a syngas analysis and flow measurement system between the filter device 14 and the power generation device 15, which is composed of a gas analyzer and a flow measurement module, and composed of syngas (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, etc.). And the flow rate.
  • FIG. 8 is a conceptual view showing the operation of the exhaust gas recycling system according to an embodiment of the present invention, by sending the exhaust gas exhausted from the power generation device 15 to the fuel supply device 11 to dry the biomass raw material, a part It is further provided with an exhaust gas recycling system (5) sent to the sludge drying apparatus 51 for drying the sludge generated from the wastewater treatment device (45) to dry the sludge, which is sent back to the gasifier (12).
  • An embodiment is featured.
  • the high-temperature exhaust gas that is, the exhaust gas in the power generation device 15 may be utilized for drying the biomass raw material and drying the sludge, thereby maximizing energy efficiency.
  • FIG. 9 is a conceptual view showing a wastewater treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the wastewater treatment apparatus 45 sequentially processes the wastewater passing through the second heat exchanger 44 with gravel having a particle size of 20 mm or less and sand of 5 mm or less.
  • the primary filter 451 to pass through, the waste water supply tank 452 to allow the waste water to stay, and the non-woven material contaminated water is discharged to the outside from the non-woven fabric to remove the tar of the particulate ( 453) and an activated carbon filter 454 for removing various contaminants, including tar, is provided.
  • it may include a flocculation tank and a precipitation tank using a flocculant depending on the concentration of waste water.
  • the contaminated water containing tar is generated in the scrubber 41, and after the waste heat recovery, the primary filter 451, the waste water supply tank 452, the supply pump 455, and the bag filter 453 consisting of gravel and sand filters. Injected into the wastewater treatment device 45 composed of an activated carbon filter (454).
  • the primary filter 451 composed of gravel and sand is used to remove the aggregated (lump) tar
  • the upper layer uses the gravel of 20 mm or less to smoothly discharge the contaminated water
  • the lower layer uses the sand of 5 mm or less. Increase the tar removal efficiency.
  • the primary filter 451 may vary the height of the filter layer according to the size of the device and the flow rate of contaminated water, the size of the gravel and sand may also vary in size depending on the tar concentration of the contaminated water.
  • the waste water supply tank 452 in the above embodiment serves to buffer the circulating flow and to retain contaminated water for a predetermined time to partially condense the atomized tar
  • the bag filter 453 is made of a nonwoven material.
  • the contaminated water is discharged from the inside of the nonwoven fabric to the outside and removes tar from the fine particles
  • the activated carbon filter 454 serves to remove tar particles remaining in the final filter and contaminants in an aqueous solution and at the same time, contaminated water.
  • having an acid can be neutralized through the activated carbon filter 454.
  • the present application is a small-scale distributed biomass gasification cogeneration system, and in the gasification reaction, the waste gas generated in the process is used to increase the gasification efficiency through biomass drying and high temperature oxidant (air) supply;
  • Dry and wet refining system consisting of catalytic reactor, cyclone module, scrubber module, water condenser, and filter device provides step-by-step treatment of contaminants or impurities (tar, dust, water, etc.) in syngas to improve purification efficiency and high quality synthesis.
  • contaminants or impurities tar, dust, water, etc.
  • the power generation unit uses an internal combustion engine suitable for small and medium-sized (1MW or less) to increase power generation efficiency and use waste gas generated from exhaust gas to dry sludge and tar generated in biomass fuel and process. Little;
  • the heat exchange system in each process can be recovered in the form of air and water according to the purpose of utilizing waste heat, and the cooling water can be circulated to suppress the discharge of pollutants to the outside and to prevent the waste of resources. It will be possible to secure technological competitiveness through problem response.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a combined heat and power generation system using biomass gasification, comprising: a gasification and power generation system including a fuel supply device for feeding and supplying a biomass raw material, a gasifier gasifying the supplied biomass raw material so as to produce syngas consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, a blower for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the syngas, a filter device for removing fine impurities, and a power generation device using an internal combustion engine using the syngas as a raw material; and a gas refining system including a catalyst reactor for removing, by using a catalyst, tar contained in the syngas supplied from the gasifier, a bypass pipeline preventing the syngas from passing through the catalyst reactor, and a plurality of cyclones having the bypass pipelines combined together again and then branched off, in parallel, into a plurality of parts so as to remove heavy materials.

Description

바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템Gasification Cogeneration System Using Biomass
본 발명은 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템에 관한 것으로서, 좀더 상세하게 설명하면 바이오매스 원료를 이용하여 가스화기에서 합성가스를 생산하고 합성된 가스장치는 정제장치를 통하여 정제된 양질의 정제가스를 이용하여 전력생산이 가능하도록 하면서 발생되는 폐열의 처리 및 장치의 냉각을 유기적으로 이루어지도록 하여 효율을 높일 수 있도록 하기 위하여 개발된 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a gasification cogeneration system using biomass, which will be described in more detail. The synthesis gas is produced in a gasifier using a biomass raw material, and the synthesized gas apparatus is a high-quality purified gas refined through a purification apparatus. The present invention relates to a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass developed to improve efficiency by organically treating waste heat generated and cooling of a device while enabling power generation.
산업화를 처음 이끌었던 연료는 인류가 오래전부터 사용해왔던 목재가 아니아 보다 강한 화력과 대량의 채취가 용이한 석탄이 그 시작이라고 할 수 있으며 이어 석유와 천연가스가 그 뒤를 이어 인류가 사용할 수 있는 중요한 에너지 공급원이 되어 왔다.The fuel that led to the industrialization was not the wood that has been used by humans for a long time, but the stronger firepower and the mass of coal that can be easily harvested. This is the important energy that can be used by humans after oil and natural gas. It has been a source.
하지만 화석연료로 보통 불리는 이러한 자원은 각종 환경오염의 원인이 되는 것뿐만 아니라 이제는 그 고갈이 멀지 않아 새로운 에너지원의 개발이 절실한 상황이다.However, these resources, commonly referred to as fossil fuels, are not only a source of environmental pollution, but are depleted so much that the development of new energy sources is urgently needed.
이러한 상황에서 과거 주로 사용되었던 목재와 같은 생물계 유기자원 즉 목재, 농작물, 조류, 플랑크톤, 생물계 폐기물 등을 재활용하여 만들어지는 에너지인 바이오매스(biomass)는 자원의 불가역적 소비와 이산화탄소 축적에 따른 화학연료를 대신할 수 있는 미래의 재생 가능한 자원으로 유용함에 의하여 이와 관련한 기술이 연구되고 있다.In this situation, biomass, which is energy generated from recycling organic organic resources such as wood, such as wood, crops, algae, plankton, and biological waste, is a chemical fuel due to the irreversible consumption of resources and carbon dioxide accumulation. This technology is being studied by being useful as a renewable resource in the future that can be used instead.
특히 바이오매스를 활용하는데 있어서, 연소의 방법이나 액상의 바이오 오일을 제외하고 가스로 이루어진 높은 효율로 양질의 연료를 생산하는 가스화 방식은 발전 시스템에 적용할 경우 이산화탄소의 배출이 적고 외부로의 오염물질 배출을 줄이는 방법으로 매우 기대되는 분야라고 할 수 있다.In particular, in the use of biomass, the gasification method of producing high quality fuel with high efficiency consisting of gas except combustion method or liquid bio oil has little emission of carbon dioxide when applied to power generation system and pollutants to outside. It is a very promising area to reduce emissions.
하지만 열병합발전 시스템을 구성함에 있어서 이미 다양한 기술이 개발되어 있는 가스화 장치 및 발전장치뿐만 아니라 이를 보다 효율적인 하나의 시스템으로 형성하기 위해서는 양질의 가스를 생산하고 폐열을 효과적으로 이용하며 냉각수 또한 효과적으로 순환할 수 있도록 하는 다양한 기술이 복합적으로 적용될 필요성이 있는 것이다.However, in order to form a cogeneration system, not only the gasification apparatus and power generation apparatus, which have various technologies already developed, but also to form a more efficient system, it is possible to produce high quality gas, effectively use waste heat, and effectively circulate cooling water. There is a need for a combination of various technologies.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 개발된 것으로서, 그 목적은 가스화기에서 생산되는 가스를 보다 양질의 합성가스가 될 수 있도록 정제수단을 구비하는 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템을 개발하는 것에 있다. 또한, 발전장치에서 발생하는 배기가스의 열을 효과적으로 재활용할 수 있는 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템을 개발하는 것에 있다. 또, 본원의 과정에서 발생하는 오염물질 또는 불순물을 단계적으로 처리할 수 있도록 하는 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템을 개발하는 것에 있다.The present invention was developed to solve the above problems, the object of which is to develop a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass having a purification means so that the gas produced in the gasifier can be a better synthesis gas Is in. In addition, the present invention is to develop a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass that can effectively recycle the heat of the exhaust gas generated from the power generation apparatus. In addition, the present invention is to develop a gasification cogeneration system using a biomass that can process the contaminants or impurities generated in the process of the present application step by step.
상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명은 바이오매스의 원료를 투입하여 공급하는 연료공급장치와, 공급된 바이오매스 원료를 가스화하여 수소, 일산화탄소, 메탄을 포함하는 합성가스를 생산하는 가스화기와, 합성가스의 압력과 유량을 제어하는 블로워와, 미세 불순물을 제거하는 필터장치와, 합성가스를 원료로 사용하는 내연기관을 이용하는 발전장치를 포함하여 구성되는 가스화 발전시스템과; 상기 가스화기에서 공급되는 합성가스를 촉매를 이용하여 합성가스에 포함된 타르를 제거하는 촉매반응기와, 합성가스가 촉매반응기를 거치지 않도록 하는 바이패스관로와, 바이패스관로가 다시 합쳐진 후 병렬로 복수 개로 분기되어 무거운 타르 및 분진을 제거하는 복수 개의 사이클론을 구비하는 가스정제 시스템을 포함하여 구성됨을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fuel supply device for inputting and supplying a raw material of biomass, a gasifier for producing a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane by gasifying the supplied biomass raw material, and synthesizing A gasification power generation system including a blower for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the gas, a filter device for removing fine impurities, and a power generation device using an internal combustion engine using synthetic gas as a raw material; A catalytic reactor for removing tar contained in the syngas using the catalyst as a catalyst from the gasifier, a bypass pipe for preventing the syngas from passing through the catalytic reactor, and a plurality of bypass pipes in parallel after being combined again. And a gas purification system having a plurality of cyclones branched into dogs to remove heavy tar and dust.
상술한 바와 같이 본 발명은 촉매반응기, 사이클론, 스크러버, 수분응축기, 필터를 포함하여 구성되는 건식 및 습식 가스정제장치를 통해 합성가스에 포함된 오염물질 또는 불순물을 단계적으로 처리하여 보다 양질의 합성가스를 제공하여 발전효율을 높이고 오염물질의 배출을 줄이는 효과가 있다.As described above, the present invention provides a better synthesis gas by treating contaminants or impurities contained in the synthesis gas step by step through a dry and wet gas purification device including a catalytic reactor, a cyclone, a scrubber, a water condenser, and a filter. It has the effect of increasing the power generation efficiency and reducing the emission of pollutants.
또한, 발전장치에서 발생하는 배기가스 폐열을 이용하여 바이오매스 연료를 건조하고 공정 중에서 발생된 슬러지, 타르 등을 건조하여 재활용할 수 있어 에너지의 효율을 높이는 효과가 있다.In addition, it is possible to dry the biomass fuel by using the waste gas waste heat generated in the power generation device, and to recycle and recycle the sludge, tar, etc. generated during the process to increase the efficiency of energy.
또, 본원의 과정에서 발생하는 오염물질 또는 불순물을 회수하여 이를 건조하고 다시 가스화기에 투입하도록 하여 오염물질의 배출을 줄이고 연료의 재생효율을 높일 수 있는 효과가 있다.In addition, it is possible to recover the pollutants or impurities generated in the process of the present application to dry them and put them back into the gasifier to reduce the emission of pollutants and increase the efficiency of fuel regeneration.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 플로우차트1 is a flowchart according to an embodiment of the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 장치의 구성을 나타낸 개념도2 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 가스정제 시스템의 작동을 나타낸 플로우차트3 is a flow chart showing the operation of the gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present invention
도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 의한 합성가스의 조성을 분석을 나타낸 그래프Figure 4 is a graph showing the analysis of the composition of the synthesis gas according to an embodiment of the present invention
도 5는 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 의한 합성가스의 발열량을 나타낸 그래프5 is a graph showing the calorific value of the synthesis gas according to an embodiment of the present invention
도 6은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 산화제 순환시스템의 작동을 나타낸 플로우차트6 is a flow chart showing the operation of the oxidant circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention
도 7은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 냉각수 순환시스템의 작동을 나타낸 플로우차트7 is a flow chart showing the operation of the cooling water circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention
도 8은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 배가스 재활용시스템의 작동을 나타낸 개념도8 is a conceptual diagram showing the operation of the exhaust gas recycling system according to an embodiment of the present invention
도 9는 본 발명의 다른 실시 예에 따른 폐수처리장치를 나타낸 개념도9 is a conceptual view showing a wastewater treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention.
이에 본 발명의 구성을 첨부된 도면에 의하여 당업자가 용이하게 이해하고 재현할 수 있도록 상세하게 설명하면 다음과 같다.Accordingly, the configuration of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily understand and reproduce.
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 플로우차트이고, 도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 장치의 구성을 나타낸 개념도이며, 도 3은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 가스정제 시스템의 작동을 나타낸 플로우차트이며, 도 4는 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 의한 합성가스의 조성을 분석을 나타낸 그래프이고, 도 5는 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 의한 합성가스의 발열량을 나타낸 그래프로서, 본 발병은 바이오매스 가스화 열병합발전 공정에서의 에너지 효율을 높이기 위한 산화제 순환시스템과 배가스 재활용시스템, 양질의 합성가스를 제조하기 위한 가스정제 시스템, 냉각수 순환시스템을 구비하는 것이며 본 발명에서 바이오매스는 각종 폐목재, 우드칩, 톱밥, 왕겨 등 목질계 바이오매스 및 농업부산물을 주 원료로 한다.1 is a flowchart according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the configuration of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is an operation of a gas purification system according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 4 is a flow chart showing the composition of the synthesis gas composition according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 is a graph showing the calorific value of the synthesis gas according to an embodiment of the present invention, The oxidant circulation system and exhaust gas recycling system for improving energy efficiency in the biomass gasification cogeneration process is provided with a gas purification system for producing high quality synthesis gas, a cooling water circulation system. Wood-based biomass and agricultural by-products such as wood chips, sawdust and rice husk are the main ingredients.
본 발명의 구성은 바이오매스의 원료를 투입하여 공급하는 연료공급장치(11)와, 공급된 바이오매스 원료를 가스화하여 수소, 일산화탄소, 메탄을 포함하는 합성가스를 생산하는 가스화기(12)와, 합성가스의 압력과 유량을 제어하는 블로워(13)와, 미세 불순물을 제거하는 필터장치(14)와, 합성가스를 원료로 사용하는 내연기관을 이용하는 발전장치(15)를 포함하여 구성되는 가스화 발전시스템(1)을 기본 구성으로 하고 있다.The configuration of the present invention is a fuel supply device 11 for inputting and supplying the raw material of biomass, the gasifier 12 for gasifying the supplied biomass raw material to produce a synthesis gas containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, Gasification power generation comprising a blower 13 for controlling the pressure and flow rate of the synthesis gas, a filter device 14 for removing fine impurities, and a power generation device 15 using an internal combustion engine using the synthesis gas as a raw material. The system 1 is a basic configuration.
본 발명의 연료공급장치(11)는 연료이송장치와 저장장치로 구분하여 제작하는 것이 바람직하며, 연료이송장치는 벨트, 스크류, 버킷 엘리베이터 컨베이어를 사용하며, 바이오매스 연료의 원활한 공급을 위해 가스화기(12) 상부에 있는 센서와 켄베이어를 연동시켜 가스화기(12) 내부의 바이오매스 연료량에 따라 자동으로 정지, 가동되도록 하였으며 주파수 제어를 통해 속도 제어가 가능하도록 함이 바람직하다.The fuel supply device 11 of the present invention is preferably manufactured by dividing the fuel transport device and the storage device. The fuel transport device uses a belt, a screw, a bucket elevator conveyor, and a gasifier for smooth supply of biomass fuel. (12) By interlocking the sensor and the Kenveyer in the upper portion to automatically stop and operate according to the amount of biomass fuel in the gasifier 12, it is preferable to enable the speed control through the frequency control.
또한 저장장치는 사이로(silo) 또는 컨테이너 방식이며 발전시스템에서 나오는 엔진 배가스를 사용하여 저장되어 있는 바이오매스 연료를 건조시킨다. The storage is also silo or containerized and uses the engine exhaust from the power generation system to dry the stored biomass fuel.
또한 가스화기(12)는 하향식 고정층 가스화기를 적용하였을 경우 바이오매스를 가스화하여 수소, 일산화탄소, 메탄 등의 합성가스를 생산하며 건조영역(100~150℃), 열분해 영역(500~600℃), 산화영역(1000~1100℃), 환원영역(700~800℃)으로 구분된다.In addition, when the gasifier 12 is applied with a top-down fixed bed gasifier, gasification of biomass produces a synthesis gas such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, and a drying zone (100-150 ° C.), a pyrolysis zone (500-600 ° C.) and oxidation It is divided into an area (1000 to 1100 ° C) and a reducing area (700 to 800 ° C).
본 발명에서의 블로워(13 ;blower)는 가스화 공정에서의 압력과 유량을 제어하는 장치로 가스화 용량 및 합성가스 생산량을 결정하며 주파수 제어를 통해 압력 조절할 수 있도록 함이 바람직하다.Blower (13) in the present invention is a device for controlling the pressure and flow rate in the gasification process to determine the gasification capacity and synthesis gas production, it is preferable to be able to adjust the pressure through the frequency control.
또한, 필터장치(14)의 경우 합성가스에 잔존하는 미세타르, 분진, 수분 등을 제거하는 장치로 2단 병렬 모듈 형태를 가지도록 하며, 필터소재의 경우 1단에서는 소결필터, 2단에서는 테프론 필터를 사용하여 효율을 높이도록 하고 바이매스 연료를 직접 필터소재로 활용할 수 있다.In addition, the filter device 14 is a device for removing the fine tar, dust, water, etc. remaining in the synthesis gas to have a two-stage parallel module form, in the case of the filter material sintered filter in the first stage, Teflon in the second stage Filters can be used to increase efficiency and bimass fuel can be used directly as a filter material.
또, 발전장치(15)는 전력을 생산하는 장치로 합성가스를 연료로 하는 내연기관(엔진) 사용하고 합성가스 조성비에 따라 공연비, 압축비 조절이 가능도록 하며, 합성가스를 저장하는 저장탱크(버퍼탱크)와 미발전시 합성가스를 연소시키는 연소장치를 포함한다.In addition, the power generation device 15 is an apparatus for producing electric power, using an internal combustion engine (engine) that uses synthetic gas as a fuel, and enables to adjust the air-fuel ratio and compression ratio according to the synthesis gas composition ratio, and a storage tank (buffer) for storing the synthesis gas. Tank) and a combustion device for burning the syngas when not developed.
또한 보일러에 연계하여 폐열활용을 위한 목적으로 사용할 수 있으며 후술할 제1 내지 제3 열교환기(31, 44, 46)에서 회수되는 폐열을 용이하게 활용하는 방안이 될 것이다.In addition, it can be used for the purpose of utilizing waste heat in connection with the boiler and it will be a way to easily utilize the waste heat recovered from the first to third heat exchangers (31, 44, 46) to be described later.
이러한 기본적인 가스화 발전시스템(1)에 본원은 합성가스를 보다 양질의 합성가스를 얻을 수 있도록 하기 위한 구성으로 상기 가스화기(12)에서 공급되는 합성가스를 촉매를 이용하여 합성가스에 포함된 타르를 제거하는 촉매반응기(21)와, 합성가스가 촉매반응기(21)를 거치지 않도록 하는 바이패스관로(22)와, 바이패스관로(22)가 다시 합쳐진 후 병렬로 복수 개로 분기되어 무거운 타르 및 분진을 제거하는 복수 개의 사이클론(23)을 구비하는 가스정제 시스템(2)을 추가로 구비하도록 하였다.In this basic gasification power generation system (1), the present application is a configuration for obtaining a synthesis gas of a higher quality synthesis gas in the synthesis gas supplied from the gasifier 12 using a catalyst to the tar contained in the synthesis gas After the catalytic reactor 21 to be removed, the bypass pipe 22 to prevent the synthesis gas from passing through the catalytic reactor 21, and the bypass pipe 22 are combined again, branched into a plurality of pieces in parallel to remove heavy tar and dust. A gas purification system 2 having a plurality of cyclones 23 to be removed was further provided.
본원에서 촉매반응기(21)는 촉매(Ni, Ru, Ca 등)를 이용하여 합성가스에 포함된 타르를 제거(개질)하는 장치로 펠릿 타입과 모노리스 형태로 사용할 수 있으며, 촉매반응기(21)를 장시간 운전시 다량의 타르에 의해 효율이 떨어지고 합성가스의 흐름을 방해할 수 있기 때문에 가스화기(12)에서 촉매반응기(21)를 거치지 않도록 하는 바이패스(Bypass)관로(22)를 추가로 형성함이 바람직하다. Catalytic reactor 21 is a device for removing (modifying) the tar contained in the synthesis gas using a catalyst (Ni, Ru, Ca, etc.) can be used in the pellet type and monolith form, the catalytic reactor 21 In addition, since a large amount of tar decreases efficiency and hinders the flow of syngas during long time operation, a bypass pipe 22 is formed to prevent the gasifier 12 from passing through the catalytic reactor 21. This is preferred.
또한 사이클론(23)은 분진 및 무거운 타르를 제거하는 장치로 병렬모듈 방식을 할 경우 시스템에서의 차압을 줄일 수 있고 정제효율 향상뿐만 아니라 용량에 맞게 선택적으로 운전이 가능하다.In addition, the cyclone 23 is a device that removes dust and heavy tar can reduce the differential pressure in the system when the parallel module method and can be selectively operated according to the capacity as well as improving the purification efficiency.
이렇게 본 발명에서 가스정제 시스템(2)에서는 합성가스의 정제효율을 높이면서 각종 오염물질을 효과적으로 걸러낼 수 있도록 한 것이다.Thus, the gas purification system 2 in the present invention is to effectively filter out various contaminants while increasing the purification efficiency of the synthesis gas.
본 발명의 바이오매스 가스화 열병합발전 시스템의 성능을 확인하기 위해 본원인은 가스화 실험을 하였고 바이오매스 연료 투입량 15톤/일 규모로 약 30시간 동안 수행하였다.In order to confirm the performance of the biomass gasification cogeneration system of the present invention, the present inventors conducted a gasification experiment and performed about 15 hours at a biomass fuel input amount of 15 tons / day.
시스템은 가스화 실험 후 약 4~6시간 이후 안정화되었고 이때 합성가스 조성의 경우 일산화탄소(CO) 17~19%, 수소(H2) 12~14%, 메탄 3%이하를 보였다.The system stabilized after about 4-6 hours after the gasification experiment, and the composition of the synthesis gas showed carbon monoxide (CO) 17-19%, hydrogen (H2) 12-14%, and methane 3% or less.
또한 합성가스 유량은 약 1220m3/h, 합성가스 저위발열량은 약 1085kcal/Nm3, 냉가스 효율 및 탄소 전환율은 약 65%, 86%를 보였으며, 합성가스 정제효율 및 열에너지효율 각각 84%, 61%를 나타내었고 이때 발전출력은 최대 248kW를 보였다.In addition, syngas flow rate was about 1220m3 / h, syngas low calorific value was about 1085kcal / Nm3, cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion were about 65%, 86%, syngas purification efficiency and thermal energy efficiency were 84% and 61%, respectively. At this time, the power output was up to 248kW.
도 6은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 산화제 순환시스템의 작동을 나타낸 플로우차트로서, 본 발명에서 상기 가스정제 시스템(2)에는 사이클론(23)를 거친 합성가스를 외부에서 유입된 공기와 열을 교환하도록 하는 제1 열교환기(31)를 거치도록 하고, 가열된 공기는 가스화기(12)에 공급되어 산화제의 역할을 하도록 하는 산화제 순환시스템(3)을 추가로 구비함을 특징으로 하는 실시 예를 제시하였다.FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an operation of an oxidant circulation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In the present invention, the gas purification system 2 includes air and heat introduced from outside of the syngas having passed through a cyclone 23. An embodiment characterized in that it further comprises an oxidant circulation system (3) for passing through a first heat exchanger (31) for exchange, and heated air being supplied to the gasifier (12) to act as an oxidant. Presented.
이때 산화제는 공기나 스팀을 사용하는 것이 일반적이며 본 발명에서는 합성가스의 현열을 회수하여 고온의 산화제로 공급하였으며 이러한 고온의 공기를 사용하게 되면 합성가스 생산수율이 증가하여 에너지 효율을 높일 수 있다.In this case, the oxidizing agent is generally used to use air or steam, and in the present invention, the sensible heat of the syngas is recovered and supplied to the high temperature oxidizing agent. When the high temperature air is used, the syngas production yield is increased to increase energy efficiency.
도 7은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 냉각수 순환시스템의 작동을 나타낸 플로우차트로서, 상기 제1 열교환기(31)를 거친 합성가스는 내부로 냉각수를 분사시켜 미세타르를 제거하도록 하는 스크러버(41)와, 표면에 냉각수를 흐르게 하여 수분을 응축시켜 제거하는 수분응축기(42)를 추가로 거치도록 하고;FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a cooling water circulation system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the syngas having passed through the first heat exchanger 31 sprays coolant into the scrubber 41 to remove fine tar. ) And a water condenser 42 for condensing and removing moisture by flowing cooling water to the surface;
냉각수를 냉각한 후 스크러버(41)와 수분응축기(42)와 발전장치(15)에 공급하도록 하는 냉각장치(43)와, 상기 스크러버(41)에서 물과 혼합되어 분리되는 미세타르를 포함하는 폐수의 열을 회수하는 제2 열교환기(44)를 거쳐 폐수에서 냉각수와 슬러지로 분리하여 냉각수를 냉각장치(43)로 보내는 폐수처리장치(45)와, 발전장치(15)를 냉각시킨 냉각수의 열을 회수한 후 냉각수를 냉각장치(43)로 보내는 제3 열교환기(46)를 포함하는 냉각수 순환시스템(4)을 추가로 구비함을 특징으로 하는 실시 예를 제시하였다.Cooling water 43 for cooling the cooling water and then supplying it to the scrubber 41, the water condenser 42, and the power generator 15, and wastewater including fine tar mixed with water and separated from the scrubber 41. Waste water treatment device 45 which separates the waste water into cooling water and sludge from the waste water via a second heat exchanger 44 which recovers the heat of the wastewater, and sends the cooling water to the cooling device 43, and the heat of the cooling water cooling the power generation device 15. After the recovery has been presented an embodiment characterized in that it further comprises a cooling water circulation system (4) comprising a third heat exchanger (46) for sending the cooling water to the cooling device (43).
스크러버(41)는 냉각수를 분사시켜 미세타르를 제거하는 장치로 병렬모듈 형태이며 각 스크러버(41)의 상측, 중간측에서 냉각수가 분사하도록 하여 접촉효율을 높였으며, 타르의 이슬점(tar dew point)은 약 150~350℃이며 본 발명의 스크러버에서는 50℃이하까지 낮출 수 있도록 하였다.The scrubber 41 is a device that removes fine tar by spraying the coolant and is in the form of a parallel module. The scrubber 41 is sprayed on the upper and middle sides of each scrubber 41 to increase the contact efficiency and the tar dew point. Is about 150 ~ 350 ℃ and in the scrubber of the present invention to lower to 50 ℃ or less.
또한 폐수처리장치(45)는 스크러버(41)에서 나오는 폐수를 처리하는 장치로 물리화학적 처리 방법으로 제거하며 처리공정에서 발생된 슬러지는 후술할 배가스 재활용시스템에 의하여 엔진 배기가스로 건조시킨 후 가스화 연료로 활용하도록 구성하였다.In addition, the wastewater treatment device 45 is a device for treating wastewater from the scrubber 41 and is removed by a physicochemical treatment method, and the sludge generated in the treatment process is dried with engine exhaust gas by an exhaust gas recycling system to be described later, and then gasified fuel. It was configured to utilize as.
또 필터장치(14)와 발전장치(15)의 사이에는 합성가스 분석 및 유량계측 시스템을 장착함이 바람직하며 이는 가스 분석기와 유량계측 모듈로 이루어져 있으며, 합성가스 조성(수소, 일산화탄소, 메탄 등) 및 유량을 확인할 수 있도록 하였다.In addition, it is preferable to install a syngas analysis and flow measurement system between the filter device 14 and the power generation device 15, which is composed of a gas analyzer and a flow measurement module, and composed of syngas (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, etc.). And the flow rate.
도 8은 본 발명의 일 실시 예에 따른 배가스 재활용시스템의 작동을 나타낸 개념도로서, 상기 발전장치(15)에서 배기되는 배기가스를 연료공급장치(11)로 보내어 바이오매스 원료를 건조시키고, 일부는 패수처리장치(45)에서 발생하는 슬러지를 건조하는 슬러지 건조장치(51)로 보내어 슬러지를 건조하며, 건조된 슬러지는 다시 가스화기(12)로 보내는 배가스 재활용시스템(5)을 추가로 구비함을 특징으로 하는 실시 예를 제시하였다.8 is a conceptual view showing the operation of the exhaust gas recycling system according to an embodiment of the present invention, by sending the exhaust gas exhausted from the power generation device 15 to the fuel supply device 11 to dry the biomass raw material, a part It is further provided with an exhaust gas recycling system (5) sent to the sludge drying apparatus 51 for drying the sludge generated from the wastewater treatment device (45) to dry the sludge, which is sent back to the gasifier (12). An embodiment is featured.
상기 실시 예는 보다 고효율의 열병합발전 시스템을 제공하기 위하여 발전장치(15)에서의 고온의 배기가스 즉 배가스를 바이오매스 원료의 건조 및 슬러지의 건조에 활용할 수 있도록 하여 에너지 효율을 극대화한 것이다.In the above embodiment, in order to provide a more efficient cogeneration system, the high-temperature exhaust gas, that is, the exhaust gas in the power generation device 15 may be utilized for drying the biomass raw material and drying the sludge, thereby maximizing energy efficiency.
도 9는 본 발명의 다른 실시 예에 따른 폐수처리장치를 나타낸 개념도로서, 상기 폐수처리장치(45)는 제2 열교환기(44)를 거친 폐수가 입도 20mm 이하의 자갈과 5mm 이하의 모래를 순차적으로 거치도록 하는 1차필터(451)와, 폐수가 체류할 수 있도록 하는 폐수공급탱크(452)와, 부직포 재질로 이루어져 오염수는 부직포 내부에서 외부로 배출되고 미립자의 타르를 제거하는 백필터(453)와, 타르를 포함하는 각종 오염성분을 제거하는 활성탄필터(454)를 포함하여 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 실시 예를 제시하였다. 또한 폐수의 농도에 따라 응집제를 사용하는 응집조와 침전조를 포함할 수 있다.9 is a conceptual view showing a wastewater treatment apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the wastewater treatment apparatus 45 sequentially processes the wastewater passing through the second heat exchanger 44 with gravel having a particle size of 20 mm or less and sand of 5 mm or less. The primary filter 451 to pass through, the waste water supply tank 452 to allow the waste water to stay, and the non-woven material contaminated water is discharged to the outside from the non-woven fabric to remove the tar of the particulate ( 453) and an activated carbon filter 454 for removing various contaminants, including tar, is provided. In addition, it may include a flocculation tank and a precipitation tank using a flocculant depending on the concentration of waste water.
일반적으로 타르가 포함된 오염수는 스크러버(41)에서 발생되며 폐열회수 후 자갈 및 모래필터로 이루어진 1차필터(451), 폐수공급탱크(452), 공급펌프(455), 백필터(453), 활성탄필터(454)로 구성된 폐수처리장치(45)로 주입된다.In general, the contaminated water containing tar is generated in the scrubber 41, and after the waste heat recovery, the primary filter 451, the waste water supply tank 452, the supply pump 455, and the bag filter 453 consisting of gravel and sand filters. Injected into the wastewater treatment device 45 composed of an activated carbon filter (454).
이때 자갈 및 모래로 구성된 1차필터(451)는 응집된(덩어리) 타르를 제거하는 용도이며 위층은 20mm이하의 자갈을 사용하여 오염수를 원활하게 배출할 수 있게 하였고 아래층은 5mm이하의 모래를 사용하여 타르 제거효율을 높였다. At this time, the primary filter 451 composed of gravel and sand is used to remove the aggregated (lump) tar, and the upper layer uses the gravel of 20 mm or less to smoothly discharge the contaminated water, and the lower layer uses the sand of 5 mm or less. Increase the tar removal efficiency.
또한 상기 1차필터(451)는 장치의 크기 및 오염수의 유량에 따라 필터층의 높이를 달리할 수 있으며, 자갈 및 모래의 크기 또한 오염수의 포함된 타르 농도에 따라 크기를 달리할 수 있다.In addition, the primary filter 451 may vary the height of the filter layer according to the size of the device and the flow rate of contaminated water, the size of the gravel and sand may also vary in size depending on the tar concentration of the contaminated water.
또 상기 실시 예에서의 폐수공급탱크(452 ;저장탱크)는 순환유량의 완충작용과 일정시간 동안 오염수를 체류하게 하여 미립화된 타르를 일부 응축시키는 역할은 하고, 백필터(453)는 부직포 재질로 되어 있고 오염수는 부직포 내부에서 외부로 배출되며 미립자의 타르를 제거하며, 활성탄필터(454)는 최종필터로 잔류하는 타르 미립자 및 수용액 상태에 있는 오염성분을 제거하는 역할을 함과 동시에 오염수의 경우 산성을 가지는데 이 활성탄필터(454)를 거쳐 중화시킬 수 있다. In addition, the waste water supply tank 452 in the above embodiment serves to buffer the circulating flow and to retain contaminated water for a predetermined time to partially condense the atomized tar, and the bag filter 453 is made of a nonwoven material. The contaminated water is discharged from the inside of the nonwoven fabric to the outside and removes tar from the fine particles, and the activated carbon filter 454 serves to remove tar particles remaining in the final filter and contaminants in an aqueous solution and at the same time, contaminated water. In the case of having an acid can be neutralized through the activated carbon filter 454.
이렇게 본원은 소규모 분산형 바이오매스 가스화 열병합발전 시스템으로 가스화 반응에서는 공정에서 발생되는 폐열을 이용하여 바이오매스 건조 및 고온의 산화제(공기) 공급을 통해 가스화 효율을 높였으며;In this way, the present application is a small-scale distributed biomass gasification cogeneration system, and in the gasification reaction, the waste gas generated in the process is used to increase the gasification efficiency through biomass drying and high temperature oxidant (air) supply;
촉매반응기, 사이클론 모듈, 스크러버 모듈, 수분응축기, 필터장치로 구성된 건식 및 습식 정제장치를 통해 합성가스에 포함된 오염물질 또는 불순물(타르, 분진, 수분 등) 단계적으로 처리하여 정제효율 높이고 양질의 합성가스를 생산할 수 있도록 하였으며;Dry and wet refining system consisting of catalytic reactor, cyclone module, scrubber module, water condenser, and filter device provides step-by-step treatment of contaminants or impurities (tar, dust, water, etc.) in syngas to improve purification efficiency and high quality synthesis. To produce gas;
발전장치는 중소규모(1MW이하)에 적합한 내연기관을 사용하여 발전효율을 높이고 발생하는 배기가스 폐열을 이용하여 바이오매스 연료 및 공정에서 발생된 슬러지, 타르 등을 건조하는데 활용할 수 있어 추가 에너지 소모가 적으며;The power generation unit uses an internal combustion engine suitable for small and medium-sized (1MW or less) to increase power generation efficiency and use waste gas generated from exhaust gas to dry sludge and tar generated in biomass fuel and process. Little;
각 공정에서의 열교환 시스템은 폐열 활용 목적에 맞게 공기와 물의 형태로 회수할 수 있고 냉각수는 순환시켜 외부로의 오염물질 배출 억제하고 자원 낭비를 방지할 수 있는 것으로 에너지 소모 최소화, 에너지 효율 증진, 환경문제 대응을 통해 기술 경쟁력을 확보할 수 있을 것이다.The heat exchange system in each process can be recovered in the form of air and water according to the purpose of utilizing waste heat, and the cooling water can be circulated to suppress the discharge of pollutants to the outside and to prevent the waste of resources. It will be possible to secure technological competitiveness through problem response.

Claims (5)

  1. 바이오매스의 원료를 투입하여 공급하는 연료공급장치(11)와, 공급된 바이오매스 원료를 가스화하여 수소, 일산화탄소, 메탄을 포함하는 합성가스를 생산하는 가스화기(12)와, 합성가스의 압력과 유량을 제어하는 블로워(13)와, 미세 불순물을 제거하는 필터장치(14)와, 합성가스를 원료로 사용하는 내연기관을 이용하는 발전장치(15)를 포함하여 구성되는 가스화 발전시스템(1)과;A fuel supply device 11 for inputting and supplying biomass raw materials, a gasifier 12 for gasifying the supplied biomass raw materials to produce a synthesis gas including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, A gasification power generation system 1 including a blower 13 for controlling the flow rate, a filter device 14 for removing fine impurities, and a power generation device 15 using an internal combustion engine using synthetic gas as a raw material; ;
    상기 가스화기(12)에서 공급되는 합성가스를 촉매를 이용하여 합성가스에 포함된 타르를 제거하는 촉매반응기(21)와, 합성가스가 촉매반응기(21)를 거치지 않도록 하는 바이패스관로(22)와, 바이패스관로(22)가 다시 합쳐진 후 병렬로 복수 개로 분기되어 무거운 물질을 제거하는 복수 개의 사이클론(23)을 구비하는 가스정제 시스템(2)을 포함하여 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템.A catalytic reactor 21 for removing tar included in the syngas using a catalyst for syngas supplied from the gasifier 12, and a bypass pipe 22 for preventing the syngas from passing through the catalytic reactor 21. And a gas purification system (2) having a plurality of cyclones (23) for removing heavy materials by branching into multiple pieces in parallel after the bypass line (22) is recombined. Gasification Cogeneration System.
  2. 제 1항에 있어서, 상기 가스정제 시스템(2)에는 사이클론(23)를 거친 합성가스를 외부에서 유입된 공기와 열을 교환하도록 하는 제1 열교환기(31)를 거치도록 하고, 가열된 공기는 가스화기(12)에 공급되어 산화제의 역할을 하도록 하는 산화제 순환시스템(3)을 추가로 구비함을 특징으로 하는 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템.The method of claim 1, wherein the gas purification system (2) is subjected to a first heat exchanger (31) for exchanging heat with air introduced from the syngas through the cyclone (23), the heated air A gasification cogeneration system using biomass, characterized by further comprising an oxidant circulation system (3) supplied to the gasifier (12) to serve as an oxidant.
  3. 제 2항에 있어서, 상기 제1 열교환기(31)를 거친 합성가스는 내부로 냉각수를 분사시켜 미세타르를 제거하도록 하는 스크러버(41)와, 표면에 냉각수를 흐르게 하여 수분을 응축시켜 제거하는 수분응축기(42)를 추가로 거치도록 하고;3. The synthetic gas having passed through the first heat exchanger (31) is a scrubber (41) for spraying coolant therein to remove fine tar, and moisture for condensing and removing moisture by flowing coolant on the surface. Further pass through the condenser 42;
    냉각수를 냉각한 후 스크러버(41)와 수분응축기(42)와 발전장치(15)에 공급하도록 하는 냉각장치(43)와, 상기 스크러버(41)에서 물과 혼합되어 분리되는 미세타르를 포함하는 폐수의 열을 회수하는 제2 열교환기(44)를 거쳐 폐수에서 냉각수와 슬러지로 분리하여 냉각수를 냉각장치(43)로 보내는 폐수처리장치(45)와, 발전장치(15)를 냉각시킨 냉각수의 열을 회수한 후 냉각수를 냉각장치(43)로 보내는 제3 열교환기(46)를 포함하는 냉각수 순환시스템(4)을 추가로 구비함을 특징으로 하는 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템.Cooling water 43 for cooling the cooling water and then supplying it to the scrubber 41, the water condenser 42, and the power generator 15, and wastewater including fine tar mixed with water and separated from the scrubber 41. Waste water treatment device 45 which separates the waste water into cooling water and sludge from the waste water via a second heat exchanger 44 which recovers the heat of the wastewater, and sends the cooling water to the cooling device 43, and the heat of the cooling water cooling the power generation device 15. And a cooling water circulation system (4) further comprising a third heat exchanger (46) for returning the cooling water to the cooling device (43) after the recovery of the gasification cogeneration system.
  4. 제 3항에 있어서, 상기 발전장치(15)에서 배기되는 배기가스를 연료공급장치(11)로 보내어 바이오매스 원료를 건조시키고, 일부는 패수처리장치(45)에서 발생하는 슬러지를 건조하는 슬러지 건조장치(51)로 보내어 슬러지를 건조하며, 건조된 슬러지는 다시 가스화기(12)로 보내는 배가스 재활용시스템(5)을 추가로 구비함을 특징으로 하는 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템.4. The sludge drying according to claim 3, wherein the exhaust gas exhausted from the power generation device 15 is sent to the fuel supply device 11 to dry the biomass raw material, and part of the sludge drying to dry the sludge generated from the wastewater treatment device 45. A gasification cogeneration system using biomass, further comprising an exhaust gas recycling system (5) sent to the device (51) to dry the sludge, and the dried sludge is sent back to the gasifier (12).
  5. 제 3항 또는 제 4항에 있어서, 상기 폐수처리장치(45)는 제2 열교환기(44)를 거친 폐수가 입도 20mm 이하의 자갈과 5mm 이하의 모래를 순차적으로 거치도록 하는 1차필터(451)와, 폐수가 체류할 수 있도록 하는 폐수공급탱크(452)와, 부직포 재질로 이루어져 오염수는 부직포 내부에서 외부로 배출되고 미립자의 타르를 제거하는 백필터(453)와, 타르를 포함하는 각종 오염성분을 제거하는 활성탄필터(454)를 포함하여 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 바이오매스를 이용한 가스화 열병합발전 시스템.The primary filter 451 of claim 3 or 4, wherein the wastewater treatment device 45 sequentially passes wastewater having passed through the second heat exchanger 44 through gravel having a particle size of 20 mm or less and sand of 5 mm or less. ), A wastewater supply tank 452 to allow the wastewater to stay, a contaminated water made of a nonwoven material and discharged to the outside from the inside of the nonwoven fabric, and a bag filter 453 for removing the tar of particulates, and various kinds of tars. Gasification cogeneration system using a biomass, characterized in that it comprises an activated carbon filter (454) for removing contaminants.
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