WO2016072304A1 - Method for manufacturing electric wire, electric wire, and wire harness - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing electric wire, electric wire, and wire harness Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016072304A1
WO2016072304A1 PCT/JP2015/080065 JP2015080065W WO2016072304A1 WO 2016072304 A1 WO2016072304 A1 WO 2016072304A1 JP 2015080065 W JP2015080065 W JP 2015080065W WO 2016072304 A1 WO2016072304 A1 WO 2016072304A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wire
conductor
electric wire
manufacturing
electric
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/080065
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
鉄也 桑原
美里 草刈
大塚　保之
文敏 今里
Original Assignee
住友電気工業株式会社
株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所
住友電装株式会社
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Application filed by 住友電気工業株式会社, 株式会社オートネットワーク技術研究所, 住友電装株式会社 filed Critical 住友電気工業株式会社
Publication of WO2016072304A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016072304A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric wire provided with an insulating coating on the outer periphery of a conductor, a wire harness provided with the electric wire, and a method for manufacturing the electric wire.
  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an electric wire that can reduce the surface oxidation of a conductor and can manufacture an electric wire with high productivity.
  • electric wires having an insulating coating on the outer periphery of a conductor have been used as electric transmission members provided for various electric devices, control devices, and the like.
  • the metal constituting the conductor copper-based materials such as copper and copper alloy having excellent electrical conductivity are mainly used.
  • electric wires are used in a form called a wire harness in which a plurality of electric wires having terminals are bundled.
  • a wire harness in which a plurality of electric wires having terminals are bundled.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose an electric wire using an Al—Mg—Si alloy containing Mg and Si as additive elements as a conductor.
  • Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose that an electric wire is manufactured by coating an outer periphery of an aging wire with an insulating material after solution treatment and aging treatment are performed on a stranded wire obtained by twisting a wire drawing material or a plurality of wire drawing materials. is doing.
  • the surface to be treated is oxidized by oxygen in the atmosphere during aging.
  • the aging wire whose surface is oxidized is used as a conductor of an electric wire, there are the following problems.
  • a terminal is attached to a conductor at the end of an electric wire by crimping or the like, if the surface oxide layer is thick, it will not be sufficiently destroyed, and an oxide may be interposed between the conductor and the terminal, leading to an increase in connection resistance. There is.
  • each strand has a surface oxide layer, so that the total thickness of the surface oxide layers interposed between the strands is increased, and between the strands May not be sufficiently conducted, leading to an increase in resistance.
  • one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing an electric wire that can reduce the surface oxidation of the conductor and can manufacture the electric wire with high productivity.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric wire having a relatively thin surface oxide layer of a conductor and excellent in productivity, and a wire harness including the electric wire.
  • the method for manufacturing an electric wire according to one aspect of the present invention includes the following preparation step, coating step, and aging step.
  • Preparation process The process of preparing the conductor raw material wire to which the solution treatment was performed.
  • Coating step A step of forming a coated wire by forming an insulating coating on the outer periphery of the conductor material wire.
  • Aging step A step of producing an electric wire having the insulation coating on the outer periphery of a conductor by applying an aging treatment to the coated wire.
  • the above-described electric wire manufacturing method can reduce the surface oxidation of the conductor and can manufacture the electric wire with high productivity.
  • a method of manufacturing an electric wire according to an aspect of the present invention includes the following preparation process, covering process, and aging process.
  • Preparation process The process of preparing the conductor raw material wire to which the solution treatment was performed.
  • Coating step A step of forming a coated wire by forming an insulating coating on the outer periphery of the conductor material wire.
  • Aging step A step of producing an electric wire provided with the insulating coating on the outer periphery of the conductor by subjecting the coated wire to an aging treatment.
  • the wire to be subjected to the aging treatment is covered with an insulating coating and does not substantially contact the atmospheric gas except for both end faces of the wire. Therefore, even when the aging treatment is performed in an air atmosphere, the surface oxidation of the wire used as a conductor can be effectively reduced. Moreover, atmosphere control can be made unnecessary by setting the atmosphere of the aging treatment to an air atmosphere. Therefore, according to the electric wire manufacturing method described above, an electric wire including a conductor having a relatively thin surface oxide layer can be manufactured with high productivity. In addition, manufacturing costs can be reduced by performing an aging treatment in an air atmosphere.
  • the wire material that has undergone solution treatment is subjected to aging treatment, so that the structure by the solution treatment (supersaturated solid solution) is the structure by aging treatment, that is, the structure in which fine precipitates are dispersed. can do. Therefore, according to the above method for producing an electric wire, an electric wire having a conductor that has excellent strength by precipitation hardening or excellent electric conductivity by reducing the solid solution amount of an additive element, that is, an electric wire having high strength and high conductivity. Can be manufactured.
  • Various metals that can be expected to strengthen precipitation by aging treatment such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys, can be used for the metal constituting the conductor material wire.
  • the aging treatment may be performed in an air atmosphere, a holding temperature of 80 ° C. to 300 ° C., and a holding time of 2 hours or more.
  • the atmosphere control is not required by setting the aging treatment to an air atmosphere, and an electric wire having excellent workability and a relatively thin surface oxide layer can be manufactured with high productivity.
  • the said form can prevent the heat damage of insulation coating by making holding temperature of an aging treatment into a specific range, and can manufacture an electric wire provided with a predetermined insulation characteristic.
  • the said form can fully precipitate a precipitate by making retention time of an aging treatment into a specific range, and can manufacture an electric wire provided with the conductor which has a precipitation hardening structure
  • the conductor material wire contains 0.2 mass% to 1.5 mass% of Mg and 0.1 mass% to 2.0 mass% of Si.
  • the form containing the aluminum alloy wire comprised from this is mentioned.
  • the above-mentioned form has a structure in which precipitates such as Mg 2 Si are dispersed by aging treatment, has high strength and high conductivity, and can produce an electric wire lighter than a copper alloy with high productivity.
  • This electric wire can be suitably used for applications in which light weight is particularly desired, for example, an in-vehicle wire harness.
  • the conductor may have a tensile strength of 150 MPa or more, an electrical conductivity of 40% IACS or more, and a breaking elongation of 5% or more.
  • the above form can produce an electric wire having a conductor having high tensile strength, electrical conductivity, elongation at break and excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity with high productivity.
  • the aging conditions are adjusted so as to obtain a conductor having such high strength and high toughness and high conductivity.
  • the conductor material wire from which the conductor is obtained include an aluminum alloy wire composed of an Al—Mg—Si based alloy containing Mg and Si described in the above-described form (3).
  • the electric wire according to one aspect of the present invention is manufactured by the electric wire manufacturing method according to any one of (1) to (4) above.
  • the above-mentioned electric wire has a relatively thin surface oxide layer on the conductor, which causes problems caused by an excessive surface oxide layer, that is, an increase in the connection resistance between the conductor and the terminal portion and an increase in the resistance between the strands in the case of a stranded wire. Can be reduced.
  • the conductor with which said electric wire is equipped has a solution hardening process and an aging process and has the precipitation hardening structure
  • a wire harness according to an aspect of the present invention includes the electric wire described in (5) above and a terminal portion attached to an end of the electric wire.
  • the above-described wire harness includes an electric wire having a conductor with a relatively thin surface oxide layer, an increase in the connection resistance between the conductor at the end of the electric wire and the terminal portion due to the surface oxide layer is suppressed, and the low resistance It is.
  • said wire harness contains the electric wire provided with the conductor excellent in intensity
  • the element content represents mass% or mass ratio.
  • the electric wire of the embodiment includes a conductor made of a wire and an insulating coating that covers the outer periphery of the conductor.
  • the conductor includes a stranded wire in which a plurality of strands are twisted together, a compression stranded wire in which the stranded wire is compression-molded into a predetermined shape, and the like.
  • the compression stranded wire has a smaller outer diameter compared to a stranded wire using the same strand, and can be a thinner wire.
  • any of the above-described wire rods and strands constituting the conductor are alloy wires having a structure in which precipitates are dispersed.
  • the alloy constituting the alloy wire include an aluminum alloy mainly composed of Al (aluminum) and a copper alloy mainly composed of Cu (copper).
  • Specific aluminum alloys include an Al—Cu alloy containing Cu as an additive element (typically a 2000 alloy), an Al—Mg—Si alloy containing Mg (magnesium) and Si (silicon) (typically). 6000 series alloys), Al—Zn—Mg based alloys (typically 7000 series alloys) containing Zn (zinc) and Mg.
  • Specific examples of the copper alloy include beryllium copper containing Be (beryllium) as an additive element.
  • Al-Mg-Si alloys contain, for example, Mg 0.2% to 1.5%, Si 0.1% to 2.0%, with the balance remaining Examples include Al and inevitable impurities.
  • Mg is an element that has a high strength improvement effect. In particular, when Mg is contained in the above-mentioned specific range together with Si, the strength can be effectively improved by age hardening. By including Mg and Si in the specific range described above, it is possible to suppress a decrease in conductivity due to the inclusion of these elements and a decrease in toughness such as elongation. That is, by including an alloy wire made of an Al—Mg—Si based alloy having this specific composition, it becomes a conductor having high strength, high toughness and excellent conductivity.
  • the Mg content is preferably 0.3% to 1.2%, more preferably 0.4% to 1.0%.
  • the Si content is preferably 0.2% to 1.5%, more preferably 0.3% to 0.8%.
  • Mg and Si become compounds such as Mg 2 Si, which are finely precipitated and contribute to the strength improvement effect.
  • Mg / Si is contained in the above specific range, and when the ratio of the mass of Mg to the mass of Si is Mg / Si, Mg / Si is not less than 0.75 and not less than 2.5. It is preferable to satisfy the following, and more preferably 0.8 or more and 2.0 or less.
  • a conductor made of such an Al—Mg—Si alloy typically has a tensile strength at room temperature of 150 MPa or more, a conductivity at room temperature of 40% IACS or more, and a breaking elongation at room temperature of 5% or more. Fulfill.
  • a total of one or more elements selected from Fe, Cu, Mn (manganese), Cr (chromium) and Zr (zirconium) is 0.01% or more.
  • the content is 0% or less, and the balance is Al and an inevitable impurity Al—Mg—Si alloy, the conductivity is attributed to the inclusion of these elements while the crystal becomes fine and has excellent elongation. Can be suppressed, and has high conductivity. That is, by including an alloy wire made of an Al—Mg—Si alloy having this specific composition, a conductor having higher strength, higher toughness, and superior conductivity can be obtained.
  • the total content of these elements is preferably 0.02% to 0.8%, and more preferably 0.04% to 0.7%.
  • the preferable content of each element is as follows.
  • a conductor made of such an Al—Mg—Si based alloy has a tensile strength at room temperature of 150 MPa or more, further 200 MPa or more, or a conductivity at room temperature of 40% IACS or more, further 45% IACS or more.
  • the elongation at break at room temperature is 5% or more, more preferably 8% or more and 10% or more.
  • it is an Al—Mg—Si alloy containing at least one element of Ti (titanium) and B (boron).
  • the crystal grains of the material that has been cast in the manufacturing process preferably continuous cast material or continuous cast rolled material, become fine. This makes it easy to maintain fine crystal grains in the post-casting process. Easy to suppress grain growth). Therefore, it tends to be a conductor having a fine crystal structure as described later, and tends to be excellent in toughness such as elongation.
  • the Ti content is preferably 0.005% to 0.1%, and more preferably 0.01% to 0.08%.
  • the B content is preferably 0.0005% or more and 0.02% or less, and more preferably 0.001% or more and 0.016% or less.
  • the alloy constituting the conductor has a structure (aging structure) in which the additive element is used as it is or a compound containing the additive element is deposited.
  • the Al—Mg—Si alloy described above is a dispersion strengthened structure in which Mg 2 Si and the like are dispersed.
  • the alloy constituting the conductor has a fine crystal structure because of excellent toughness such as elongation.
  • the Al—Mg—Si based alloy having the specific composition described above may have a structure having a maximum crystal grain size of 50 ⁇ m or less.
  • the smaller the maximum crystal grain size the finer the structure of the entire alloy becomes, and it becomes difficult for coarse grains that become the starting point of fracture to exist, which is superior to elongation.
  • the crystal grains are easily maintained in a fine state, and it is difficult for coarse grains to be the starting point of fracture. That is, it is preferable because it is easy to maintain a structure having a maximum crystal grain size of 50 ⁇ m or less and is excellent in heat resistance.
  • the ratio of the maximum crystal grain size to the wire diameter satisfies less than 10%.
  • the crystal grains are large to some extent within the range where the maximum crystal grain size satisfies 50 ⁇ m or less, the grain boundary sliding that is dominant in deformation at high temperature is suppressed, and the high temperature strength is excellent.
  • a structure having a maximum crystal grain size of about 25 ⁇ m or more and 40 ⁇ m or less tends to be excellent in high temperature strength and heat resistance.
  • the maximum crystal grain size is measured in accordance with JIS G 0551 (steel—microscopic test method for crystal grain size, 2005).
  • a test line is drawn on the observation image of the alloy cross section, and the length that divides the test line in each crystal grain is defined as the crystal grain size (cutting method). .
  • One test line is drawn for each field of view, and the largest crystal grain size among the crystal grain sizes in a plurality of fields of view is set as the maximum crystal grain size.
  • the surface oxide layer is relatively thin.
  • the oxide constituting the surface oxide layer is generally an electrical insulator, the breakdown voltage on the conductor surface is small if the surface oxide layer is thin. That is, it can be said that the breakdown voltage value on the conductor surface can be used as an index indicating the degree of thickness of the surface oxide layer.
  • fills 3.5 V or less is mentioned as an example of the electric wire of embodiment.
  • the average breakdown voltage of the conductor is 3.0 V or less, and more preferably 2.8 V or less. A method for measuring the average breakdown voltage of the conductor will be described later.
  • the conductor composed of the alloy wire having the above-mentioned aging structure typically has high strength and high conductivity.
  • the conductor has a tensile strength at room temperature of 150 MPa or more and an electrical conductivity at room temperature of 40% IACS or more, preferably satisfying both.
  • the tensile strength and electrical conductivity depend on the alloy composition (matrix metal, additive element type, additive element content), manufacturing conditions (drawing degree, heat treatment conditions (holding temperature, holding time, cooling rate), etc.) Change.
  • the tensile strength at room temperature of the conductor satisfies 150 MPa or more, and further 200 MPa or more.
  • fills 40% IACS or more and also 42% IACS or more is mentioned.
  • the conductor composed of the alloy wire having the above-mentioned aging structure is excellent in elongation depending on the alloy composition and crystal size.
  • the electric wire of the embodiment there is a form in which the breaking elongation at room temperature of the conductor satisfies 5% or more. Higher elongation is preferable as an electric wire having excellent flexibility such as bending and impact resistance. As the above-described tensile strength and electrical conductivity are higher, the toughness such as elongation tends to decrease.
  • the conductor satisfies all of the following: tensile strength at room temperature of 150 MPa or more, electrical conductivity at room temperature of 40% IACS or more, and elongation at break at room temperature of 5% or more.
  • the conductor made of the Al—Mg—Si alloy having the specific composition described above has high strength, high toughness, and high conductivity as described above. Considering the balance between strength and elongation, the upper limit of the tensile strength of this conductor is about 400 MPa, and the upper limit of the conductivity is about 60% IACS in consideration of the limit of increase in conductivity due to aging precipitation of the additive element. is there.
  • the wire diameter of the alloy wire (elementary wire in the case of a stranded wire) which comprises a conductor can be selected suitably.
  • This wire diameter is the diameter when the cross-sectional shape of a single wire or strand is circular, and is the maximum length in the cross-section when the cross-sectional shape is an irregular shape other than circular.
  • the wire diameter is 0.5 mm or less, particularly 0.1 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the conductor is typically a circular shape (or round wire if it is a single wire).
  • the cross-sectional shape can be a conductor having various shapes such as a polygonal shape such as a rectangle or a hexagon, and an elliptical shape.
  • the cross-sectional area of the conductor can be selected as appropriate.
  • the wire embodiments for example, when using the in-vehicle wire harness, the cross-sectional area 0.05 mm 2 or more 2 mm 2 or less, and further 0.1 mm 2 or more 1 mm 2 or less.
  • the insulating material constituting the insulating coating examples include polyvinyl chloride, non-halogen resin, and a material excellent in flame retardancy.
  • Non-halogen resins include cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, urethane, nylon, and the like.
  • Examples of the material excellent in flame retardancy include silicon rubber and fluorine rubber. These rubbers are also non-halogen materials.
  • the average thickness of the insulating coating can be appropriately selected in consideration of desired insulating strength, and is not particularly limited.
  • the wire harness of the embodiment includes the electric wire of the above-described embodiment and a terminal portion attached to an end portion of the electric wire.
  • a plurality of electric wires including one or more electric wires of the above-described embodiment and a terminal portion attached to a conductor portion exposed by peeling off an insulating coating at an end portion of each electric wire.
  • a binding tool for bundling a plurality of electric wires is provided, a wire harness having excellent handling properties is obtained.
  • the terminal portion has various forms such as a male mold, a female mold, a crimping mold, and a welding mold. Each electric wire is connected to a connection target such as an electric device via the terminal portion.
  • the wire harness of the embodiment includes the electric wire of the embodiment including the conductor having high strength, high toughness, and high conductivity as described above. Excellent impact resistance against shock and vibration during use.
  • the electric wire of the above-described embodiment is manufactured by the electric wire manufacturing method of the following embodiment.
  • This manufacturing method includes the following preparation step, coating step, and aging step.
  • a wire rod that will eventually become a conductor (hereinafter referred to as a conductor material wire) is prepared.
  • the conductor material wire is subjected to at least a solution treatment.
  • the conductor material wire can be typically manufactured through a process of melting, casting, rolling, wire drawing, and solution treatment.
  • the conductor material wire is a stranded wire or a compression stranded wire, after a plurality of strands are twisted or subjected to a solution treatment after compression molding, each strand before being twisted is subjected to a solution treatment. They can be twisted together or can be compression molded after solution treatment is applied to the stranded wire.
  • Known manufacturing conditions can be used for manufacturing the conductor material wire.
  • As the raw material for the conductor material wire various alloys described in the above-mentioned composition are used.
  • the continuous casting method it is preferable to use the continuous casting method from the viewpoint that a fine crystal structure can be obtained by rapid solidification and that a long material can be continuously produced, which is excellent in productivity of (continuous) cast material.
  • a belt-and-wheel method or the like can be suitably used.
  • hot rolling can be easily performed using heat accumulated in the (continuous) casting material.
  • the crystals of the obtained (continuous casting) rolled material can be made fine.
  • the degree of processing is appropriately selected so that a wire with a desired wire diameter can be obtained.
  • An intermediate heat treatment can be performed during the wire drawing process. When the intermediate heat treatment is performed, the subsequent wire drawing workability can be improved, wire breakage and the like can be reduced, and the productivity of the wire drawing material is excellent.
  • Homogenization treatment can be performed on a continuous cast rolled material or a rolled material before wire drawing. When the homogenization treatment is performed, precipitates such as compounds generated during casting can be uniformly dispersed, and the constituent elements of the precipitate can be uniformly dissolved during the solution treatment.
  • the conditions for the intermediate heat treatment and the homogenization treatment may be appropriately selected according to the composition.
  • the conditions for the solution treatment may be appropriately selected according to the composition, and known conditions may be used.
  • the holding temperature is 450 ° C. or more and 620 ° C. or less, further 500 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less
  • the cooling rate in the cooling step after heating is 100 ° C./min or more, and further 200 C./min or more.
  • the forced cooling conditions (refrigerant temperature, amount of refrigerant, amount of blown air, etc.) are adjusted so as to achieve a desired cooling rate.
  • the holding time is 0.005 seconds or more and 5 hours or less, and further 0.01 seconds or more and 3 hours or less.
  • solution treatment for a relatively short time can be realized by using a continuous treatment method in which current heating, high frequency induction heating, atmosphere heating, or the like is performed.
  • the solution treatment for a relatively long time may be performed using a batch processing method described later.
  • the atmosphere during the solution treatment is an air atmosphere, the control is easy and the productivity of the solution material is excellent.
  • the atmosphere has a low oxygen content, that is, a low oxidizing atmosphere or a non-oxidizing atmosphere, it is possible to suppress the surface oxidation of the wire material to be processed during the solution treatment.
  • Specific examples include a vacuum atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere (for example, nitrogen), a reducing gas atmosphere, and the like.
  • ⁇ Coating process insulation is performed on the outer periphery of the conductor material wire (either a single wire, a stranded wire, or a compression stranded wire) that has undergone solution treatment using the insulating material described in the above-mentioned section of the insulating coating.
  • a coating is formed to produce a coated wire.
  • Extrusion can be used to form the insulating coating.
  • a known method of forming an insulating layer such as a resin on the outer periphery of the conductor wire can be used. Extrusion is performed by heating the insulating material to a temperature at which the insulating material is in a molten state, typically 300 ° C. or lower.
  • the electric wire manufacturing method of the embodiment includes a step of performing artificial aging separately (an aging step described later).
  • an aging treatment is applied to a conductor material wire that has undergone the above-mentioned solution treatment step and a coated wire having an insulation coating on the outer periphery thereof, and the alloy structure constituting the conductor material wire is taken from the solution structure.
  • An aging structure that is, a structure in which precipitates are precipitated and dispersed is formed.
  • the aging treatment can be performed while forming an insulating coating on the surface of the conductor material wire in advance, thereby suppressing the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the conductor material wire.
  • the above aging treatment suppresses the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the conductor material wire, while the alloy structure constituting the conductor material wire is aged structure in which precipitates are precipitated and dispersed from the solution structure. Can be changed.
  • Conditions for aging treatment should be selected in consideration of the composition of the alloy constituting the conductor material wire, the heat resistance temperature of the insulation coating, and the like.
  • the aging treatment conditions include a holding temperature of 80 ° C. or more and 300 ° C. or less and a holding time of 2 hours or more.
  • the higher the holding temperature the shorter the holding time and the manufacturing time.
  • the holding temperature can be 100 ° C. or higher, further 110 ° C. or higher, and 115 ° C. or higher.
  • the lower the holding temperature the easier it is to reduce thermal damage in the insulation coating. Therefore, the holding temperature can be 250 ° C. or lower, further 220 ° C. or lower, and 200 ° C. or lower.
  • the holding time may be selected according to the alloy composition and holding temperature, and may be, for example, 5 hours or longer, further 8 hours or longer, 10 hours or longer.
  • the holding temperature of the aging treatment is lower than the holding temperature of the solution treatment.
  • the atmosphere of aging treatment is preferably an air atmosphere. This is because the atmosphere control is unnecessary, and the workability is excellent, which contributes to the improvement of the manufacturability of the electric wire.
  • the aging treatment atmosphere gas is air
  • the outer periphery of the conductor material wire to be treated is covered with an insulating coating, and the contact between the conductor material wire (especially the surface) and the atmosphere gas Is substantially inhibited, and surface oxidization of the conductor material wire can be effectively reduced during aging.
  • furnace cooling cooling in the air, or the like can be used.
  • the above-mentioned continuous treatment method can be used, but the batch treatment method is preferable.
  • heating is performed in a state where a heating target is enclosed in a heating container (atmosphere furnace, for example, a box furnace), so that the heat treatment time can be sufficiently maintained and precipitates can be sufficiently precipitated. .
  • the method for producing an electric wire of the embodiment produces, for example, an electric wire including a conductor having a tensile strength of 150 MPa or more, an electrical conductivity of 40% IACS or more, and a breaking elongation of 5% or more. it can.
  • a wire harness according to the embodiment is manufactured by preparing an electric wire manufactured by the method for manufacturing an electric wire according to the above-described embodiment, attaching a terminal portion to the end portion of the electric wire, and bundling a plurality of such electric wires with terminal portions. can do.
  • the electric wires 1-1 to 1-20 are produced in the order of melting ⁇ continuous casting and rolling ⁇ drawing ⁇ solution forming (conductor material wire) ⁇ coating ⁇ aging.
  • Sample No. The wire No. 1-100 is sample No.
  • the order of coating and aging is different from that of 1-1 to 1-20, and it is produced by the procedure of melting ⁇ continuous casting rolling ⁇ drawing ⁇ solution forming ⁇ aging ⁇ coating.
  • Pure aluminum 99.7 mass% or more Al is prepared and melted as a base, and the obtained molten metal (molten aluminum) has the additive elements shown in Table 1 to the contents (mass%) shown in Table 1.
  • the molten alloy (added element, balance: Al) is prepared.
  • “Mg / Si” shown in Table 1 indicates the ratio of the mass of Mg to the mass of Si. It is desirable that the molten alloy whose components have been adjusted is appropriately subjected to a hydrogen gas removal treatment or a foreign matter removal treatment.
  • the prepared molten alloy is continuously cast and hot-rolled to perform continuous casting and rolling to produce a ⁇ 9.5 mm wire rod (continuous casting and rolling material).
  • a TiB wire is supplied to the molten alloy just before casting so that the sample containing Ti and B has the content (mass%) shown in Table 1.
  • the wire rod can be homogenized (for example, 530 ° C. ⁇ 5 hours).
  • the wire rod or the homogenized material thus produced is subjected to cold wire drawing to produce a wire drawing material having the final wire diameter as shown in Table 2.
  • Intermediate heat treatment can be performed at an appropriate time during wire drawing (for example, 300 ° C. ⁇ 3 hours).
  • a solution treatment is performed on the stranded wire to produce a solution material.
  • the solution treatment is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at a holding temperature of 530 ° C. and a holding time of 3 hours, and rapidly cooled in the cooling step. Rapid cooling is performed by immersing the material in a water tank. The cooling rate in this cooling step is 675 ° C./min (100 ° C./min or more).
  • the prepared solution material is used as a conductor material wire, and the insulating material shown in Table 2 is extruded on the outer periphery of the conductor material wire to form an insulating coating, thereby producing a coated wire.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • crosslinked PE is crosslinked polyethylene
  • PP is polypropylene
  • PBT engineering plastic is polybutylene terephthalate engineered plastic.
  • Sample No. for 1-1 to 1-20 a conductor obtained by subjecting the produced coated wire to aging treatment (° C. ⁇ time (H)) under the conditions shown in Table 2, and subjecting the conductor material wire to aging treatment, An electric wire provided with the above-mentioned insulating coating is produced. All samples are subjected to aging treatment in an air atmosphere.
  • sample No. For 1-100 after the aging treatment was performed on the prepared solution material under the conditions (atmosphere) shown in Table 2, the insulating material shown in Table 2 was extruded, and the aging treatment was performed following the solution treatment. An electric wire comprising the conductor obtained in this way and an insulating coating extruded after aging treatment is produced.
  • Table 2 shows the tensile strength (MPa), electrical conductivity (% IACS), and elongation at break (%) at room temperature (here, 25 ° C.) for the obtained electric wires of each sample.
  • Tensile strength (MPa) and elongation at break (%) are measured using a general-purpose tensile tester in accordance with JIS Z 2241 (Metal material tensile test method, 1998).
  • Conductivity (% IACS) is measured by the bridge method. These measurements are performed using a sample piece in which the insulation coating is peeled off from the wire of each sample to make only the conductor.
  • Table 2 shows the average breakdown voltage (V) for the obtained electric wires of each sample.
  • the average breakdown voltage is measured as follows. The conductor of each sample is peeled off and the conductor is taken out. The taken-out conductor is cut into an appropriate length to obtain a conductor test piece. Here, one strand is taken out from each of the seven strands twisted together, and a total of seven conductor test pieces are produced for each sample. It measures using this conductor test piece, DC power supply, and the measuring element which consists of Au (gold) wire of diameter 0.5mmphi. One end of the conductor test piece is connected to one pole of the DC power supply, and one end of the probe is connected to the other pole.
  • a circuit composed of a DC power source, a conductor test piece, and a probe is formed by bringing the other end of the probe into contact with the surface of the other end of the conductor test piece with zero load.
  • the voltage of the DC power supply is increased, and the voltage at which energization is started is measured.
  • the energization start voltage is a breakdown voltage of the surface oxide layer. The energization start voltage increases as the thickness of the surface oxide layer increases.
  • the conductor sample piece having a high energization start voltage has a surface oxide layer on the conductor and a thick surface oxide layer.
  • the above-mentioned energization start voltage is measured for each of the seven conductor test pieces for each sample, the average value of the seven energization start voltages is defined as the average breakdown voltage, and this average breakdown voltage is shown in Table 2.
  • the sample No. 2 was subjected to aging treatment after forming an insulation coating on the conductor material wire that had undergone solution treatment.
  • the average breakdown voltage is low and is 2.5 V or less, and the average breakdown voltage of about half of the samples is 2.0 V or less. From this, sample no. It can be said that any of the conductors included in the electric wires 1-1 to 1-20 has a relatively thin surface oxide layer. The reason why such a result is obtained is that the conductor material wire to be treated at the time of aging is covered with an insulation coating, so that the conductor material wire and the oxygen in the atmospheric gas are difficult to contact, and the surface oxidation is effectively reduced. It is thought that it was made.
  • Sample No. 1-100 has a very high average breakdown voltage of 3.7V. From this, sample no. It can be said that the conductor provided for the 1-100 electric wire has a thick surface oxide layer. The reason why such a result is obtained is thought to be that the solutionized material to be treated and oxygen in the atmospheric gas contacted each other during aging, and the surface was easily oxidized.
  • a tensile strength is 150 MPa or more and 390 MPa or less
  • an electrical conductivity is 39% IACS or more
  • a conductor having 60% IACS or less, an elongation at break of 5% or more and 18% or less, and an average breakdown voltage of 1.2V or more and 2.5V or less is obtained.
  • an aging treatment can be performed to produce an electric wire having a conductor with a relatively thin surface treatment layer while the aging treatment is performed in an air atmosphere. It has been shown. Moreover, it was shown that such an electric wire can be manufactured with high productivity by setting the aging treatment to an air atmosphere. Furthermore, since the electric wire manufactured under specific manufacturing conditions as described above is excellent in electrical conductivity and has high strength and high toughness, it is good for wire harnesses that require excellent flexibility and impact resistance. It is expected to be available.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention.
  • the present invention is defined by the scope of claims and has the same meaning as the scope of claims. All changes within the scope are intended to be included.
  • the electric wire of the present invention and the wire harness of the present invention can be used for wiring and wiring structures of control devices such as electric devices and industrial robots provided in automobiles and airplanes, for example.
  • the method for manufacturing an electric wire of the present invention can be used for manufacturing an electric wire used for the wiring structure and the like.

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Abstract

A method for manufacturing an electric wire in which an insulation coating is provided on the outer periphery of a conductor is provided with: a step for readying a conductor material wire that has been subjected to a solution treatment; a step for forming an insulation coating on the outer periphery of the conductor material wire and producing a coated wire; and a step for ageing the coated wire and manufacturing an electric wire.

Description

電線の製造方法、電線、及びワイヤーハーネスElectric wire manufacturing method, electric wire, and wire harness
　本発明は、導体の外周に絶縁被覆を備える電線、この電線を備えるワイヤーハーネス、及びこの電線の製造方法に関するものである。特に、導体の表面酸化を低減でき、生産性よく電線を製造できる電線の製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an electric wire provided with an insulating coating on the outer periphery of a conductor, a wire harness provided with the electric wire, and a method for manufacturing the electric wire. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an electric wire that can reduce the surface oxidation of a conductor and can manufacture an electric wire with high productivity.
　従来、各種の電気機器、制御機器などに備える電気伝送部材として、導体の外周に絶縁被覆を備える電線が利用されている。導体を構成する金属は、電気伝導性に優れる銅や銅合金といった銅系材料が主流である。 Conventionally, electric wires having an insulating coating on the outer periphery of a conductor have been used as electric transmission members provided for various electric devices, control devices, and the like. As the metal constituting the conductor, copper-based materials such as copper and copper alloy having excellent electrical conductivity are mainly used.
　自動車や産業用ロボットなどでは、電線は、端子を有する複数の電線を束ねたワイヤーハーネスと呼ばれる形態で利用されている。昨今、自動車の高性能化や高機能化が急速に進められてきており、車載される各種の電気機器、制御機器などの増加に伴い、これらの機器に使用される電線も増加傾向にあり、その重量も増加傾向にある。 In automobiles and industrial robots, electric wires are used in a form called a wire harness in which a plurality of electric wires having terminals are bundled. In recent years, the performance and functionality of automobiles have been rapidly advanced, and along with the increase in various electric devices and control devices mounted on vehicles, the number of electric wires used in these devices is also increasing. Its weight is also increasing.
　環境保全のため自動車の燃費を向上するなどの目的から、電線の軽量化が望まれており、比重が銅の約１／３であるアルミニウムを導体に用いたアルミニウム電線が検討されている。しかし、純アルミニウムは、銅系材料に比較して強度に劣る。そこで、ワイヤーハーネスなどでの使用に耐え得る強度などを有するように、種々の元素を添加したアルミニウム合金を導体に利用したアルミニウム合金電線が検討されている。特許文献１，２では、Ｍｇ及びＳｉを添加元素とするＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金を導体に利用した電線を開示している。特許文献１，２は、伸線材又は複数の伸線材を撚り合せた撚り線に溶体化処理及び時効処理を施した後、時効線材の外周に絶縁材料を被覆して電線を製造することを開示している。 In order to improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles for environmental conservation, it is desired to reduce the weight of the wires, and aluminum wires using aluminum, whose specific gravity is about 1/3 that of copper, are being studied. However, pure aluminum is inferior in strength compared to copper-based materials. Then, the aluminum alloy electric wire which utilized the aluminum alloy which added various elements for a conductor so that it may have the intensity | strength which can endure use with a wire harness etc. is examined. Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose an electric wire using an Al—Mg—Si alloy containing Mg and Si as additive elements as a conductor. Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose that an electric wire is manufactured by coating an outer periphery of an aging wire with an insulating material after solution treatment and aging treatment are performed on a stranded wire obtained by twisting a wire drawing material or a plurality of wire drawing materials. is doing.
特開２００８－１１２６２０号公報JP 2008-112620 A 特開２０１２－２２９４８５号公報JP 2012-229485 A
　導体の表面酸化を低減しながらも、生産性よく電線を製造可能な方法の開発が望まれている。 Development of a method capable of producing electric wires with high productivity while reducing the surface oxidation of the conductor is desired.
　特許文献１に記載されるように、絶縁材料の被覆前に行う時効処理を還元ガス雰囲気や不活性ガス雰囲気で行えば、導体の表面酸化を抑制できる。しかし、この方法では、雰囲気制御が必要であり、作業性に劣る上に、製造コストの増加を招く。 As described in Patent Document 1, if the aging treatment performed before coating with the insulating material is performed in a reducing gas atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere, the surface oxidation of the conductor can be suppressed. However, this method requires atmosphere control, is inferior in workability, and causes an increase in manufacturing cost.
　一方、時効処理を大気雰囲気で行えば、雰囲気制御が不要であり、作業性に優れる。また、製造コストを削減できる。しかし、この方法では、時効時、大気中の酸素によって処理対象の表面が酸化する。表面酸化した時効線材を電線の導体に利用すると、以下の問題がある。電線の端部の導体に端子を圧着などして取り付ける際、表面酸化層が厚ければ十分に破壊されず、導体と端子との間に酸化物が介在して、接続抵抗の増大を招く恐れがある。時効線材が複数の素線を撚り合せた撚り線である場合には、各素線が表面酸化層を備えるため、素線間に介在する表面酸化層の合計厚さが厚くなって素線間の導通が十分に取れず、抵抗の増大を招く恐れがある。 On the other hand, if the aging treatment is performed in an air atmosphere, atmosphere control is unnecessary and workability is excellent. Further, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. However, in this method, the surface to be treated is oxidized by oxygen in the atmosphere during aging. When the aging wire whose surface is oxidized is used as a conductor of an electric wire, there are the following problems. When a terminal is attached to a conductor at the end of an electric wire by crimping or the like, if the surface oxide layer is thick, it will not be sufficiently destroyed, and an oxide may be interposed between the conductor and the terminal, leading to an increase in connection resistance. There is. When the aging wire is a stranded wire in which a plurality of strands are twisted, each strand has a surface oxide layer, so that the total thickness of the surface oxide layers interposed between the strands is increased, and between the strands May not be sufficiently conducted, leading to an increase in resistance.
　そこで、本発明の目的の一つは、導体の表面酸化を低減でき、生産性よく電線を製造できる電線の製造方法を提供することにある。 Therefore, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing an electric wire that can reduce the surface oxidation of the conductor and can manufacture the electric wire with high productivity.
　また、本発明の他の目的は、導体の表面酸化層が比較的薄く、生産性にも優れる電線、及びこの電線を備えるワイヤーハーネスを提供することにある。 Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric wire having a relatively thin surface oxide layer of a conductor and excellent in productivity, and a wire harness including the electric wire.
　本発明の一態様に係る電線の製造方法は、以下の準備工程と、被覆工程と、時効工程とを備える。 The method for manufacturing an electric wire according to one aspect of the present invention includes the following preparation step, coating step, and aging step.
　（準備工程）溶体化処理が施された導体素材線を用意する工程。
　（被覆工程）前記導体素材線の外周に絶縁被覆を形成して被覆線を作製する工程。 (Preparation process) The process of preparing the conductor raw material wire to which the solution treatment was performed.
(Coating step) A step of forming a coated wire by forming an insulating coating on the outer periphery of the conductor material wire.
　（時効工程）前記被覆線に時効処理を施して、導体の外周に前記絶縁被覆を備える電線を製造する工程。 (Aging step) A step of producing an electric wire having the insulation coating on the outer periphery of a conductor by applying an aging treatment to the coated wire.
　上記の電線の製造方法は、導体の表面酸化を低減でき、生産性よく電線を製造できる。 The above-described electric wire manufacturing method can reduce the surface oxidation of the conductor and can manufacture the electric wire with high productivity.
　［本発明の実施形態の説明］
　本発明者らは、表面酸化を低減できる上に時効処理を容易に行える方法を種々検討した結果、時効後に絶縁被覆を形成するのではなく、被覆後に時効処理を行えば、線材と雰囲気ガスとの接触を絶縁被覆によって実質的に阻止できるため、時効処理を大気雰囲気で行っても、導体となる線材の表面酸化を低減できるとの知見を得た。本発明は、上記知見に基づくものである。以下、本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。 [Description of Embodiment of the Present Invention]
As a result of various investigations on a method that can reduce surface oxidation and facilitate aging treatment, the present inventors have not formed an insulating coating after aging, but if aging treatment is performed after coating, wire and atmospheric gas Therefore, even if the aging treatment is performed in an air atmosphere, the surface oxidation of the wire used as a conductor can be reduced. The present invention is based on the above findings. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be listed and described.
　（１）　本発明の一態様に係る電線の製造方法は、以下の準備工程と、被覆工程と、時効工程とを備える。 (1) A method of manufacturing an electric wire according to an aspect of the present invention includes the following preparation process, covering process, and aging process.
　（準備工程）溶体化処理が施された導体素材線を用意する工程。
　（被覆工程）上記導体素材線の外周に絶縁被覆を形成して被覆線を作製する工程。 (Preparation process) The process of preparing the conductor raw material wire to which the solution treatment was performed.
(Coating step) A step of forming a coated wire by forming an insulating coating on the outer periphery of the conductor material wire.
　（時効工程）上記被覆線に時効処理を施して、導体の外周に上記絶縁被覆を備える電線を製造する工程。 (Aging step) A step of producing an electric wire provided with the insulating coating on the outer periphery of the conductor by subjecting the coated wire to an aging treatment.
　上記の電線の製造方法では、時効処理に供する線材が絶縁被覆によって覆われており、この線材の両端面を除いて、雰囲気ガスに実質的に接触しない。そのため、時効処理を大気雰囲気で行った場合でも、導体となる線材の表面酸化を効果的に低減できる。かつ、時効処理の雰囲気を大気雰囲気とすることで、雰囲気制御を不要にできる。従って、上記の電線の製造方法によれば、表面酸化層が比較的薄い導体を備える電線を生産性よく製造できる。また、大気雰囲気で時効処理を行うことで製造コストを低減できる。 In the above-described electric wire manufacturing method, the wire to be subjected to the aging treatment is covered with an insulating coating and does not substantially contact the atmospheric gas except for both end faces of the wire. Therefore, even when the aging treatment is performed in an air atmosphere, the surface oxidation of the wire used as a conductor can be effectively reduced. Moreover, atmosphere control can be made unnecessary by setting the atmosphere of the aging treatment to an air atmosphere. Therefore, according to the electric wire manufacturing method described above, an electric wire including a conductor having a relatively thin surface oxide layer can be manufactured with high productivity. In addition, manufacturing costs can be reduced by performing an aging treatment in an air atmosphere.
　更に、上記の電線の製造方法では、溶体化処理が施された線材に時効処理を施すため、溶体化処理による組織（過飽和固溶体）を時効処理による組織、即ち微細な析出物が分散した組織とすることができる。従って、上記の電線の製造方法によれば、析出硬化によって強度に優れたり、添加元素の固溶量の低減によって導電性に優れたりする導体を備える電線、即ち高強度で高い導電性を有する電線を製造できる。導体素材線を構成する金属には、時効処理による析出強化を期待できる各種の合金、例えば、アルミニウム合金や銅合金を利用できる。 Further, in the above-described electric wire manufacturing method, the wire material that has undergone solution treatment is subjected to aging treatment, so that the structure by the solution treatment (supersaturated solid solution) is the structure by aging treatment, that is, the structure in which fine precipitates are dispersed. can do. Therefore, according to the above method for producing an electric wire, an electric wire having a conductor that has excellent strength by precipitation hardening or excellent electric conductivity by reducing the solid solution amount of an additive element, that is, an electric wire having high strength and high conductivity. Can be manufactured. Various metals that can be expected to strengthen precipitation by aging treatment, such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys, can be used for the metal constituting the conductor material wire.
　（２）　上記の電線の製造方法の一例として、上記時効処理は、大気雰囲気とし、保持温度を８０℃以上３００℃以下、保持時間を２時間以上とする条件で行う形態が挙げられる。 (2) As an example of the method for producing the above electric wire, the aging treatment may be performed in an air atmosphere, a holding temperature of 80 ° C. to 300 ° C., and a holding time of 2 hours or more.
　上記形態は、時効処理を大気雰囲気とすることで雰囲気制御が不要であり、作業性に優れ、表面酸化層が比較的薄い電線を生産性よく製造できる。特に、上記形態は、時効処理の保持温度を特定の範囲とすることで、絶縁被覆の熱損傷を防止でき、所定の絶縁特性を備える電線を製造できる。更に、上記形態は、時効処理の保持時間を特定の範囲とすることで析出物を十分に析出できて、析出硬化組織を有する導体を備える電線を製造できる。この保持温度及び保持時間は、導体素材線の構成金属がアルミニウム合金である場合に好適である。 In the above embodiment, the atmosphere control is not required by setting the aging treatment to an air atmosphere, and an electric wire having excellent workability and a relatively thin surface oxide layer can be manufactured with high productivity. Especially the said form can prevent the heat damage of insulation coating by making holding temperature of an aging treatment into a specific range, and can manufacture an electric wire provided with a predetermined insulation characteristic. Furthermore, the said form can fully precipitate a precipitate by making retention time of an aging treatment into a specific range, and can manufacture an electric wire provided with the conductor which has a precipitation hardening structure | tissue. This holding temperature and holding time are suitable when the constituent metal of the conductor material wire is an aluminum alloy.
　（３）　上記の電線の製造方法の一例として、上記導体素材線がＭｇを０．２質量％以上１．５質量％以下、Ｓｉを０．１質量％以上２．０質量％以下含むアルミニウム合金から構成されるアルミニウム合金線を含む形態が挙げられる。 (3) As an example of the method for producing the above-described electric wire, the conductor material wire contains 0.2 mass% to 1.5 mass% of Mg and 0.1 mass% to 2.0 mass% of Si. The form containing the aluminum alloy wire comprised from this is mentioned.
　上記形態は、時効処理によってＭｇ２Ｓｉなどの析出物が分散した組織を有して高強度で高い導電率を有する上に、銅合金よりも軽い電線を生産性よく製造できる。この電線は、特に軽量が望まれる用途、例えば車載ワイヤーハーネスなどに好適に利用できる。 The above-mentioned form has a structure in which precipitates such as Mg 2 Si are dispersed by aging treatment, has high strength and high conductivity, and can produce an electric wire lighter than a copper alloy with high productivity. This electric wire can be suitably used for applications in which light weight is particularly desired, for example, an in-vehicle wire harness.
　（４）　上記の電線の製造方法の一例として、上記導体は、引張強さが１５０ＭＰａ以上、導電率が４０％ＩＡＣＳ以上、破断伸びが５％以上である形態が挙げられる。 (4) As an example of the method for producing the electric wire, the conductor may have a tensile strength of 150 MPa or more, an electrical conductivity of 40% IACS or more, and a breaking elongation of 5% or more.
　上記形態は、引張強さ、導電率、破断伸びが高く、機械的特性や電気伝導性に優れる導体を備える電線を生産性よく製造できる。このような高強度・高靭性で、高い導電性を有する導体となるように時効条件を調整する。上記導体が得られる導体素材線として、例えば、上述の（３）の形態で説明したＭｇとＳｉとを含むＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金から構成されるアルミニウム合金線を含むものが挙げられる。 The above form can produce an electric wire having a conductor having high tensile strength, electrical conductivity, elongation at break and excellent mechanical properties and electrical conductivity with high productivity. The aging conditions are adjusted so as to obtain a conductor having such high strength and high toughness and high conductivity. Examples of the conductor material wire from which the conductor is obtained include an aluminum alloy wire composed of an Al—Mg—Si based alloy containing Mg and Si described in the above-described form (3).
　（５）　本発明の一態様に係る電線は、上述の（１）～（４）のいずれか一つに記載の電線の製造方法によって製造されている。 (5) The electric wire according to one aspect of the present invention is manufactured by the electric wire manufacturing method according to any one of (1) to (4) above.
　上記の電線は、導体の表面酸化層が比較的薄く、過度の表面酸化層に起因する問題、即ち導体と端子部との接続抵抗の増大や撚り線の場合における素線間の抵抗の増大を低減できる。また、上記の電線に備える導体は、溶体化処理及び時効処理が施されて、微細な析出物が分散した析出硬化組織を有するため、強度及び導電性に優れる。従って、上記の電線は、各種の電気機器、制御機器などの配線やワイヤーハーネスに好適に利用できる。 The above-mentioned electric wire has a relatively thin surface oxide layer on the conductor, which causes problems caused by an excessive surface oxide layer, that is, an increase in the connection resistance between the conductor and the terminal portion and an increase in the resistance between the strands in the case of a stranded wire. Can be reduced. Moreover, since the conductor with which said electric wire is equipped has a solution hardening process and an aging process and has the precipitation hardening structure | tissue in which the fine deposit was disperse | distributed, it is excellent in intensity | strength and electroconductivity. Therefore, said electric wire can be utilized suitably for wiring and wire harnesses of various electric devices and control devices.
　（６）　本発明の一態様に係るワイヤーハーネスは、上述の（５）に記載の電線と、この電線の端部に装着された端子部とを備える。 (6) A wire harness according to an aspect of the present invention includes the electric wire described in (5) above and a terminal portion attached to an end of the electric wire.
　上記のワイヤーハーネスは、上述の表面酸化層が比較的薄い導体を備える電線を含むため、表面酸化層に起因する電線端部の導体と端子部との接続抵抗の増大が抑制されて、低抵抗である。また、上記のワイヤーハーネスは、時効処理によって強度や導電性に優れる導体を備える電線を含むため、高い強度と高い導電性との双方が望まれる自動車などに好適に利用できる。 Since the above-described wire harness includes an electric wire having a conductor with a relatively thin surface oxide layer, an increase in the connection resistance between the conductor at the end of the electric wire and the terminal portion due to the surface oxide layer is suppressed, and the low resistance It is. Moreover, since said wire harness contains the electric wire provided with the conductor excellent in intensity | strength and electroconductivity by an aging treatment, it can utilize suitably for the motor vehicle etc. from which both high intensity | strength and high electroconductivity are desired.
　［本発明の実施形態の詳細］
　以下、本発明の実施形態に係る電線、ワイヤーハーネス、電線の製造方法をより詳細に説明する。以下、元素の含有量は、質量％又は質量割合を示す。 [Details of the embodiment of the present invention]
Hereinafter, the manufacturing method of the electric wire, wire harness, and electric wire which concern on embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail. Hereinafter, the element content represents mass% or mass ratio.
　［電線］
　実施形態の電線は、線材から構成される導体と、導体の外周を覆う絶縁被覆とを備える。 [Electrical wire]
The electric wire of the embodiment includes a conductor made of a wire and an insulating coating that covers the outer periphery of the conductor.
　・導体
　導体は、１本の線材から構成される単線の他、複数本の素線が撚り合せられた撚り線、撚り線が所定の形状に圧縮成形された圧縮撚り線などが挙げられる。圧縮撚り線は、同じ素線を用いた撚り線と比較して外径が小さく、より細い電線とすることができる。 -Conductor In addition to a single wire composed of a single wire, the conductor includes a stranded wire in which a plurality of strands are twisted together, a compression stranded wire in which the stranded wire is compression-molded into a predetermined shape, and the like. The compression stranded wire has a smaller outer diameter compared to a stranded wire using the same strand, and can be a thinner wire.
　・・組成
　導体を構成する上記の線材や素線はいずれも、析出物が分散した組織を有する合金線である。上記合金線を構成する合金は、Ａｌ（アルミニウム）を主体とするアルミニウム合金、Ｃｕ（銅）を主体とする銅合金などが挙げられる。具体的なアルミニウム合金は、添加元素として、Ｃｕを含むＡｌ－Ｃｕ系合金（代表的には２０００系合金）、Ｍｇ（マグネシウム）とＳｉ（珪素）とを含むＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金（代表的には６０００系合金）、Ｚｎ（亜鉛）とＭｇとを含むＡｌ－Ｚｎ－Ｍｇ系合金（代表的には７０００系合金）などが挙げられる。具体的な銅合金は、添加元素としてＢｅ（ベリリウム）を含むベリリウム銅などが挙げられる。 .. Composition Any of the above-described wire rods and strands constituting the conductor are alloy wires having a structure in which precipitates are dispersed. Examples of the alloy constituting the alloy wire include an aluminum alloy mainly composed of Al (aluminum) and a copper alloy mainly composed of Cu (copper). Specific aluminum alloys include an Al—Cu alloy containing Cu as an additive element (typically a 2000 alloy), an Al—Mg—Si alloy containing Mg (magnesium) and Si (silicon) (typically). 6000 series alloys), Al—Zn—Mg based alloys (typically 7000 series alloys) containing Zn (zinc) and Mg. Specific examples of the copper alloy include beryllium copper containing Be (beryllium) as an additive element.
　・・・Ａｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金
　Ａｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金は、例えば、Ｍｇを０．２％以上１．５％以下、Ｓｉを０．１％以上２．０％以下含み、残部がＡｌ及び不可避不純物であるものが挙げられる。Ｍｇは、強度の向上効果が高い元素であり、特にＳｉと同時に上述の特定の範囲で含有することで、時効硬化による強度の向上を効果的に図ることができる。Ｍｇ及びＳｉを上述の特定の範囲で含むことで、これらの元素の含有に起因する導電率の低下や、伸びなどの靭性の低下を抑制できる。即ち、この特定の組成のＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金からなる合金線を含むことで、高強度・高靭性で導電性にも優れる導体となる。Ｍｇの含有量は、０．３％以上１．２％以下、更に０．４％以上１．０％以下がより好ましい。Ｓｉの含有量は、０．２％以上１．５％以下、更に０．３％以上０．８％以下がより好ましい。 ... Al-Mg-Si alloys Al-Mg-Si alloys contain, for example, Mg 0.2% to 1.5%, Si 0.1% to 2.0%, with the balance remaining Examples include Al and inevitable impurities. Mg is an element that has a high strength improvement effect. In particular, when Mg is contained in the above-mentioned specific range together with Si, the strength can be effectively improved by age hardening. By including Mg and Si in the specific range described above, it is possible to suppress a decrease in conductivity due to the inclusion of these elements and a decrease in toughness such as elongation. That is, by including an alloy wire made of an Al—Mg—Si based alloy having this specific composition, it becomes a conductor having high strength, high toughness and excellent conductivity. The Mg content is preferably 0.3% to 1.2%, more preferably 0.4% to 1.0%. The Si content is preferably 0.2% to 1.5%, more preferably 0.3% to 0.8%.
　Ａｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金では、Ｍｇ及びＳｉがＭｇ２Ｓｉといった化合物となって、微細に析出して存在することで強度の向上効果に寄与する。この効果を良好に得るには、上述の特定の範囲でＭｇ及びＳｉを含むと共に、Ｓｉの質量に対するＭｇの質量の比率をＭｇ／Ｓｉとするとき、Ｍｇ／Ｓｉが０．７５以上２．５以下を満たすことが好ましく、０．８以上２．０以下がより好ましい。このようなＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金からなる導体は、代表的には室温での引張強さが１５０ＭＰａ以上、室温での導電率が４０％ＩＡＣＳ以上、室温での破断伸びが５％以上を満たす。 In the Al—Mg—Si based alloy, Mg and Si become compounds such as Mg 2 Si, which are finely precipitated and contribute to the strength improvement effect. In order to obtain this effect satisfactorily, Mg / Si is contained in the above specific range, and when the ratio of the mass of Mg to the mass of Si is Mg / Si, Mg / Si is not less than 0.75 and not less than 2.5. It is preferable to satisfy the following, and more preferably 0.8 or more and 2.0 or less. A conductor made of such an Al—Mg—Si alloy typically has a tensile strength at room temperature of 150 MPa or more, a conductivity at room temperature of 40% IACS or more, and a breaking elongation at room temperature of 5% or more. Fulfill.
　上述の特定の範囲でＭｇ及びＳｉを含むと共に、Ｆｅ，Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ（マンガン），Ｃｒ（クロム）及びＺｒ（ジルコニウム）から選択される１種以上の元素を合計で０．０１％以上１．０％以下含有し、残部がＡｌ及び不可避不純物であるＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金であると、結晶が微細になったり、伸びに優れていたりしながら、これらの元素の含有に起因する導電率の低下を抑制でき、高い導電率を有する。即ち、この特定の組成のＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金からなる合金線を含むことで、より高強度・より高靭性で導電性にもより優れる導体となる。これらの元素の合計含有量は、０．０２％以上０．８％以下、更に０．０４％以上０．７％以下がより好ましい。各元素の好ましい含有量は、以下の通りである。このようなＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金からなる導体は、室温での引張強さが１５０ＭＰａ以上、更に２００ＭＰａ以上を満たしたり、室温での導電率が４０％ＩＡＣＳ以上、更に４５％ＩＡＣＳ以上を満たしたり、室温での破断伸びが５％以上、更に８％以上、１０％以上を満たしたりし易い。 In addition to Mg and Si in the specific range described above, a total of one or more elements selected from Fe, Cu, Mn (manganese), Cr (chromium) and Zr (zirconium) is 0.01% or more. When the content is 0% or less, and the balance is Al and an inevitable impurity Al—Mg—Si alloy, the conductivity is attributed to the inclusion of these elements while the crystal becomes fine and has excellent elongation. Can be suppressed, and has high conductivity. That is, by including an alloy wire made of an Al—Mg—Si alloy having this specific composition, a conductor having higher strength, higher toughness, and superior conductivity can be obtained. The total content of these elements is preferably 0.02% to 0.8%, and more preferably 0.04% to 0.7%. The preferable content of each element is as follows. A conductor made of such an Al—Mg—Si based alloy has a tensile strength at room temperature of 150 MPa or more, further 200 MPa or more, or a conductivity at room temperature of 40% IACS or more, further 45% IACS or more. Or the elongation at break at room temperature is 5% or more, more preferably 8% or more and 10% or more.
　Ｆｅ　０．０１％以上０．６％以下、更に０．１％以上０．５％以下
　Ｃｕ　０．０１％以上０．４％以下、更に０．０２％以上０．３％以下
　Ｍｎ　０．０３％以上０．４％以下、更に０．０４％以上０．３％以下
　Ｃｒ　０．０３％以上０．４％以下、更に０．０４％以上０．３％以下
　Ｚｒ　０．０３％以上０．４％以下、更に０．０４％以上０．３％以下
　その他、上述の添加元素に加えて、Ｔｉ（チタン）及びＢ（ホウ素）の少なくとも一方の元素を含むＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金であると、上述のＺｒやＭｎなどの結晶微細化効果がある元素と共にＴｉやＢを含むことで、製造過程において鋳造を経た素材、好ましくは連続鋳造材又は連続鋳造圧延材の結晶粒が微細になり易くなり、鋳造以降の工程において結晶粒が微細な状態を維持し易い（結晶粒の成長を抑制し易い）。そのため、後述するような微細な結晶組織を有する導体となり易く、伸びといった靭性に優れる傾向にある。Ｔｉの含有量は０．００５％以上０．１％以下、更に０．０１％以上０．０８％以下が好ましい。Ｂの含有量は、０．０００５％以上０．０２％以下、更に０．００１％以上０．０１６％以下が好ましい。 Fe 0.01% to 0.6%, further 0.1% to 0.5% Cu 0.01% to 0.4%, further 0.02% to 0.3% Mn 0.03 % 0.04% or less, 0.04% or more 0.3% or less Cr 0.03% or more 0.4% or less, 0.04% or more 0.3% or less Zr 0.03% or more 0.0. 4% or less, further 0.04% or more and 0.3% or less In addition to the above-mentioned additive elements, it is an Al—Mg—Si alloy containing at least one element of Ti (titanium) and B (boron). And by including Ti and B together with the elements having the effect of crystal refining such as Zr and Mn described above, the crystal grains of the material that has been cast in the manufacturing process, preferably continuous cast material or continuous cast rolled material, become fine. This makes it easy to maintain fine crystal grains in the post-casting process. Easy to suppress grain growth). Therefore, it tends to be a conductor having a fine crystal structure as described later, and tends to be excellent in toughness such as elongation. The Ti content is preferably 0.005% to 0.1%, and more preferably 0.01% to 0.08%. The B content is preferably 0.0005% or more and 0.02% or less, and more preferably 0.001% or more and 0.016% or less.
　・・組織
　導体を構成する合金は、添加元素がそのまま、又は添加元素を含む化合物となって析出物が析出した組織（時効組織）を有する。例えば、上述のＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金では、Ｍｇ２Ｓｉなどが分散して存在する分散強化組織である。また、導体を構成する合金は、微細な結晶組織であると、伸びといった靭性に優れて好ましい。例えば、上述の特定の組成のＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金では、最大結晶粒径が５０μｍ以下である組織を有する形態が挙げられる。最大結晶粒径が小さいほど、合金全体の組織が微細になり易く、破断の起点となるような粗大粒が存在し難くなり、伸びにより優れると考えられる。組成や製造条件にもよるが、最大結晶粒径が４０μｍ以下、更に３０μｍ以下を満たす組織とすることができる。このような微細結晶組織を有する場合には、高温に長時間曝されても、結晶粒が微細な状態を維持し易く、破断の起点となるような粗大粒が存在し難くなる。即ち、最大結晶粒径が５０μｍ以下である組織を維持し易く、耐熱性に優れて好ましい。最大結晶粒径の下限は特に設けないが、線径に対する最大結晶粒径の割合が１０％未満を満たすことが好ましい。一方、最大結晶粒径が５０μｍ以下を満たす範囲で結晶粒がある程度大きい場合には、高温での変形において支配的である粒界すべりを抑制して、高温強度に優れる。例えば、最大結晶粒径が２５μｍ以上４０μｍ以下程度である組織であれば、高温強度や耐熱性に優れる傾向にある。最大結晶粒径の測定は、ＪＩＳ　Ｇ　０５５１（鋼－結晶粒度の顕微鏡試験方法、２００５）に準拠して行う。詳しくは、合金断面の観察像に試験線を引き、各結晶粒において試験線を分断する長さを結晶粒径とし(切断法)、１断面から複数の視野（例えば、３個以上）をとる。視野毎に一つの試験線を引き、複数の視野における結晶粒径のうち、最も大きい結晶粒径を最大結晶粒径とする。 .. Structure The alloy constituting the conductor has a structure (aging structure) in which the additive element is used as it is or a compound containing the additive element is deposited. For example, the Al—Mg—Si alloy described above is a dispersion strengthened structure in which Mg 2 Si and the like are dispersed. Moreover, it is preferable that the alloy constituting the conductor has a fine crystal structure because of excellent toughness such as elongation. For example, the Al—Mg—Si based alloy having the specific composition described above may have a structure having a maximum crystal grain size of 50 μm or less. It is considered that the smaller the maximum crystal grain size, the finer the structure of the entire alloy becomes, and it becomes difficult for coarse grains that become the starting point of fracture to exist, which is superior to elongation. Although depending on the composition and production conditions, it is possible to obtain a structure having a maximum crystal grain size of 40 μm or less, and further 30 μm or less. In the case of having such a fine crystal structure, even if it is exposed to a high temperature for a long time, the crystal grains are easily maintained in a fine state, and it is difficult for coarse grains to be the starting point of fracture. That is, it is preferable because it is easy to maintain a structure having a maximum crystal grain size of 50 μm or less and is excellent in heat resistance. Although there is no particular lower limit for the maximum crystal grain size, it is preferable that the ratio of the maximum crystal grain size to the wire diameter satisfies less than 10%. On the other hand, when the crystal grains are large to some extent within the range where the maximum crystal grain size satisfies 50 μm or less, the grain boundary sliding that is dominant in deformation at high temperature is suppressed, and the high temperature strength is excellent. For example, a structure having a maximum crystal grain size of about 25 μm or more and 40 μm or less tends to be excellent in high temperature strength and heat resistance. The maximum crystal grain size is measured in accordance with JIS G 0551 (steel—microscopic test method for crystal grain size, 2005). Specifically, a test line is drawn on the observation image of the alloy cross section, and the length that divides the test line in each crystal grain is defined as the crystal grain size (cutting method). . One test line is drawn for each field of view, and the largest crystal grain size among the crystal grain sizes in a plurality of fields of view is set as the maximum crystal grain size.
　・・表面酸化層
　導体を構成する合金線はいずれも、後述する特定の製造方法によって製造されると、表面酸化層が比較的薄い。ここで、表面酸化層を構成する酸化物は一般に電気絶縁体であるため、表面酸化層が薄ければ導体表面の破壊電圧が小さい。即ち、導体表面の破壊電圧値は、表面酸化層の厚さの度合いを示す指標に利用できるといえる。そこで、実施形態の電線の一例として、導体表面の平均破壊電圧が３．５Ｖ以下を満たす形態が挙げられる。平均破壊電圧が小さいほど表面酸化層が薄く、表面酸化層の存在に起因する上述の接続抵抗の増大や素線間の抵抗の増大などを抑制できて好ましい。導体の平均破壊電圧は３．０Ｖ以下、更に２．８Ｖ以下がより好ましい。導体の平均破壊電圧の測定方法は後述する。 .. Surface oxide layer When any alloy wire constituting the conductor is manufactured by a specific manufacturing method described later, the surface oxide layer is relatively thin. Here, since the oxide constituting the surface oxide layer is generally an electrical insulator, the breakdown voltage on the conductor surface is small if the surface oxide layer is thin. That is, it can be said that the breakdown voltage value on the conductor surface can be used as an index indicating the degree of thickness of the surface oxide layer. Then, the form with which the average breakdown voltage of the conductor surface satisfy | fills 3.5 V or less is mentioned as an example of the electric wire of embodiment. The smaller the average breakdown voltage, the thinner the surface oxide layer, which is preferable because the increase in the connection resistance and the increase in resistance between the wires due to the presence of the surface oxide layer can be suppressed. The average breakdown voltage of the conductor is 3.0 V or less, and more preferably 2.8 V or less. A method for measuring the average breakdown voltage of the conductor will be described later.
　・・特性
　上述の時効組織を有する合金線から構成される導体は、代表的には高強度である上に導電率も高い。実施形態の電線の一例として、導体における室温での引張強さが１５０ＭＰａ以上及び室温での導電率が４０％ＩＡＣＳ以上の少なくとも一方、好ましくは双方を満たす形態が挙げられる。引張強さ及び導電率は、合金組成（母相金属、添加元素の種類、添加元素の含有量）、製造条件（伸線加工度、熱処理条件（保持温度、保持時間、冷却速度）など）によって変化する。例えば、導体における室温の引張強さが１５０ＭＰａ以上、更に２００ＭＰａ以上を満たす形態が挙げられる。例えば、導体における導電率が４０％ＩＡＣＳ以上、更に４２％ＩＡＣＳ以上を満たす形態が挙げられる。引張強さが高いほど高強度な電線となり、導電率が高いほど電気伝導性に優れる電線となって好ましい。 .. Characteristics The conductor composed of the alloy wire having the above-mentioned aging structure typically has high strength and high conductivity. As an example of the electric wire of the embodiment, there is a mode in which the conductor has a tensile strength at room temperature of 150 MPa or more and an electrical conductivity at room temperature of 40% IACS or more, preferably satisfying both. The tensile strength and electrical conductivity depend on the alloy composition (matrix metal, additive element type, additive element content), manufacturing conditions (drawing degree, heat treatment conditions (holding temperature, holding time, cooling rate), etc.) Change. For example, there is a form in which the tensile strength at room temperature of the conductor satisfies 150 MPa or more, and further 200 MPa or more. For example, the form in which the electrical conductivity in a conductor satisfy | fills 40% IACS or more and also 42% IACS or more is mentioned. The higher the tensile strength, the higher the strength of the electric wire, and the higher the electrical conductivity, the better the electric conductivity of the electric wire.
　上述の時効組織を有する合金線から構成される導体は、合金組成や結晶の大きさなどによっては伸びにも優れる。例えば、実施形態の電線の一例として、導体における室温での破断伸びが５％以上を満たす形態が挙げられる。伸びが高いほど、曲げなどの屈曲性や、耐衝撃性などに優れる電線となって好ましい。上述の引張強さや導電率が高いほど、伸びといった靭性が低下する傾向にある。上述のように合金組成や製造条件などを調整することで、高強度・高靭性で、高い導電性をも有する導体となる。例えば、室温での引張強さが１５０ＭＰａ以上、室温での導電率が４０％ＩＡＣＳ以上、及び室温での破断伸びが５％以上の全てを満たす導体となる。 The conductor composed of the alloy wire having the above-mentioned aging structure is excellent in elongation depending on the alloy composition and crystal size. For example, as an example of the electric wire of the embodiment, there is a form in which the breaking elongation at room temperature of the conductor satisfies 5% or more. Higher elongation is preferable as an electric wire having excellent flexibility such as bending and impact resistance. As the above-described tensile strength and electrical conductivity are higher, the toughness such as elongation tends to decrease. By adjusting the alloy composition and manufacturing conditions as described above, a conductor having high strength, high toughness and high conductivity is obtained. For example, the conductor satisfies all of the following: tensile strength at room temperature of 150 MPa or more, electrical conductivity at room temperature of 40% IACS or more, and elongation at break at room temperature of 5% or more.
　上述の特定の組成のＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金からなる導体は、上述のように高強度・高靭性で、高い導電性をも有する。強度と伸びとのバランスを考慮すると、この導体の引張強さの上限は４００ＭＰａ程度であり、添加元素の時効析出による導電率の増加の限界を考慮すると、導電率の上限は６０％ＩＡＣＳ程度である。 The conductor made of the Al—Mg—Si alloy having the specific composition described above has high strength, high toughness, and high conductivity as described above. Considering the balance between strength and elongation, the upper limit of the tensile strength of this conductor is about 400 MPa, and the upper limit of the conductivity is about 60% IACS in consideration of the limit of increase in conductivity due to aging precipitation of the additive element. is there.
　・・線径
　導体を構成する合金線（撚り線の場合には素線）の線径は、適宜選択できる。この線径とは、単線の線材又は素線の横断面形状が円形である場合には、直径とし、横断面形状が円形以外の異形状である場合、横断面における最大長さとする。実施形態の電線を例えば、車載ワイヤーハーネスに利用する場合には、上記線径は０．５ｍｍ以下、特に０．１ｍｍ以上０．４ｍｍ以下が挙げられる。 -Wire diameter The wire diameter of the alloy wire (elementary wire in the case of a stranded wire) which comprises a conductor can be selected suitably. This wire diameter is the diameter when the cross-sectional shape of a single wire or strand is circular, and is the maximum length in the cross-section when the cross-sectional shape is an irregular shape other than circular. For example, when the electric wire of the embodiment is used for an in-vehicle wire harness, the wire diameter is 0.5 mm or less, particularly 0.1 mm or more and 0.4 mm or less.
　・・断面形状
　導体の横断面形状は、円形状が代表的である（単線であれば丸線）。伸線加工時のダイス形状、圧縮成形時の成形型の形状などによって、横断面形状が矩形や六角形などの多角形状、楕円状などの種々の形状を有する導体とすることができる。 ・ ・ Cross-sectional shape The cross-sectional shape of the conductor is typically a circular shape (or round wire if it is a single wire). Depending on the die shape at the time of wire drawing, the shape of the molding die at the time of compression molding, etc., the cross-sectional shape can be a conductor having various shapes such as a polygonal shape such as a rectangle or a hexagon, and an elliptical shape.
　・・導体断面積
　導体の断面積は、適宜選択できる。実施形態の電線を例えば、車載ワイヤーハーネスに利用する場合には、上記断面積は０．０５ｍｍ２以上２ｍｍ２以下、更に０．１ｍｍ２以上１ｍｍ２以下が挙げられる。 -Conductor cross-sectional area The cross-sectional area of the conductor can be selected as appropriate. The wire embodiments for example, when using the in-vehicle wire harness, the cross-sectional area 0.05 mm 2 or more 2 mm 2 or less, and further 0.1 mm 2 or more 1 mm 2 or less.
　・絶縁被覆
　絶縁被覆を構成する絶縁材料は、例えば、ポリ塩化ビニル、ノンハロゲン樹脂、難燃性に優れる材料などが挙げられる。ノンハロゲン樹脂は、架橋ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ウレタン、ナイロンなどが挙げられる。難燃性に優れる材料は、シリコンゴム、フッ素ゴムなどが挙げられる。これらのゴムはノンハロゲンの材料でもある。絶縁被覆の平均厚さは、所望の絶縁強度を考慮して適宜選択でき、特に限定されない。 -Insulating coating Examples of the insulating material constituting the insulating coating include polyvinyl chloride, non-halogen resin, and a material excellent in flame retardancy. Non-halogen resins include cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, urethane, nylon, and the like. Examples of the material excellent in flame retardancy include silicon rubber and fluorine rubber. These rubbers are also non-halogen materials. The average thickness of the insulating coating can be appropriately selected in consideration of desired insulating strength, and is not particularly limited.
　［ワイヤーハーネス］
　実施形態のワイヤーハーネスは、上述の実施形態の電線と、電線の端部に装着された端子部とを備える。代表的には、上述の実施形態の電線を１本以上含む複数の電線と、各電線の端部において絶縁被覆が剥がれて露出した導体部分に装着された端子部とを備える。複数の電線を束ねる結束具を備えると、ハンドリング性に優れるワイヤーハーネスとなる。電線ごとに一つの端子部がそれぞれ設けられた形態の他、複数の電線が一つの端子部にまとめて取り付けられた電線群を含む形態などがある。端子部は、雄型、雌型、圧着型、溶接型などの種々の形態がある。各電線は、上記端子部を介して電気機器などの接続対象に接続される。実施形態のワイヤーハーネスは、上述のように高強度、高靭性、高い導電性を有する導体を備える実施形態の電線を含むことで、配策時の曲げなどの屈曲性、端子部を取り付ける際の衝撃や使用時の振動などに対する耐衝撃性などに優れる。 [Wire Harness]
The wire harness of the embodiment includes the electric wire of the above-described embodiment and a terminal portion attached to an end portion of the electric wire. Typically, a plurality of electric wires including one or more electric wires of the above-described embodiment and a terminal portion attached to a conductor portion exposed by peeling off an insulating coating at an end portion of each electric wire. When a binding tool for bundling a plurality of electric wires is provided, a wire harness having excellent handling properties is obtained. In addition to the form in which one terminal part is provided for each electric wire, there are forms including a group of electric wires in which a plurality of electric wires are attached together in one terminal part. The terminal portion has various forms such as a male mold, a female mold, a crimping mold, and a welding mold. Each electric wire is connected to a connection target such as an electric device via the terminal portion. The wire harness of the embodiment includes the electric wire of the embodiment including the conductor having high strength, high toughness, and high conductivity as described above. Excellent impact resistance against shock and vibration during use.
　［電線の製造方法］
　上述の実施形態の電線は、以下の実施形態の電線の製造方法によって製造する。この製造方法は、以下の準備工程と、被覆工程と、時効工程とを備える。 [Wire production method]
The electric wire of the above-described embodiment is manufactured by the electric wire manufacturing method of the following embodiment. This manufacturing method includes the following preparation step, coating step, and aging step.
　・準備工程
　この工程では、最終的に導体となる線材（以下、導体素材線と呼ぶ）を準備する。導体素材線は、少なくとも溶体化処理が施されたものとする。導体素材線は、代表的には、溶解⇒鋳造⇒圧延⇒伸線⇒溶体化処理という工程を経ることで製造できる。導体素材線を撚り線や圧縮撚り線とする場合には、複数の素線を撚り合せ後や圧縮成形後に溶体化処理を施す他、撚り合せ前の素線にそれぞれ溶体化処理を施した後撚り合せたり、撚り線に溶体化処理を施した後に圧縮成形したりすることができる。導体素材線の製造には、公知の製造条件を利用できる。導体素材線の原料には、上述の組成の項で述べた各種の合金を利用する。 -Preparation step In this step, a wire rod that will eventually become a conductor (hereinafter referred to as a conductor material wire) is prepared. The conductor material wire is subjected to at least a solution treatment. The conductor material wire can be typically manufactured through a process of melting, casting, rolling, wire drawing, and solution treatment. When the conductor material wire is a stranded wire or a compression stranded wire, after a plurality of strands are twisted or subjected to a solution treatment after compression molding, each strand before being twisted is subjected to a solution treatment. They can be twisted together or can be compression molded after solution treatment is applied to the stranded wire. Known manufacturing conditions can be used for manufacturing the conductor material wire. As the raw material for the conductor material wire, various alloys described in the above-mentioned composition are used.
　特に、鋳造には、急冷凝固による微細結晶組織が得られる点、連続して長尺材を製造できる点から連続鋳造法を利用すると、（連続）鋳造材の生産性に優れて好ましい。連続鋳造法は、ベルトアンドホイール法などが好適に利用できる。更に、鋳造工程と圧延工程とを連続して行う、即ち連続鋳造圧延を行って連続鋳造圧延材を作製すると、（連続）鋳造材に蓄積される熱を利用して熱間圧延を容易に行えてエネルギー効率がよい上に、得られる（連続鋳造）圧延材の結晶を微細にすることができる。 In particular, for casting, it is preferable to use the continuous casting method from the viewpoint that a fine crystal structure can be obtained by rapid solidification and that a long material can be continuously produced, which is excellent in productivity of (continuous) cast material. As the continuous casting method, a belt-and-wheel method or the like can be suitably used. Further, when the casting process and the rolling process are continuously performed, that is, when continuous cast rolling material is produced by performing continuous casting rolling, hot rolling can be easily performed using heat accumulated in the (continuous) casting material. In addition to being energy efficient, the crystals of the obtained (continuous casting) rolled material can be made fine.
　伸線加工は、所望の線径の線材が得られるように加工度を適宜選択する。伸線加工途中に中間熱処理を行うことができる。中間熱処理を行うと、以降の伸線加工性を高められて断線などを低減でき、伸線材の生産性に優れて好ましい。伸線加工前の連続鋳造圧延材や圧延材に均質化処理を施すことができる。均質化処理を行うと、鋳造時に生成された化合物などの析出物を均一的に分散でき、溶体化処理時に析出物の構成元素を均一的に固溶できて好ましい。中間熱処理や均質化処理の条件は、組成に応じて適宜選択するとよい。 For wire drawing, the degree of processing is appropriately selected so that a wire with a desired wire diameter can be obtained. An intermediate heat treatment can be performed during the wire drawing process. When the intermediate heat treatment is performed, the subsequent wire drawing workability can be improved, wire breakage and the like can be reduced, and the productivity of the wire drawing material is excellent. Homogenization treatment can be performed on a continuous cast rolled material or a rolled material before wire drawing. When the homogenization treatment is performed, precipitates such as compounds generated during casting can be uniformly dispersed, and the constituent elements of the precipitate can be uniformly dissolved during the solution treatment. The conditions for the intermediate heat treatment and the homogenization treatment may be appropriately selected according to the composition.
　溶体化処理の条件は、組成に応じて適宜選択するとよく、公知の条件を利用してもよい。例えば、上述のＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金であれば、保持温度は４５０℃以上６２０℃以下、更に５００℃以上６００℃以下、加熱後の冷却工程における冷却速度は１００℃／ｍｉｎ以上、更に２００℃／ｍｉｎ以上が挙げられる。所望の冷却速度となるように、強制冷却の条件（冷媒温度、冷媒量、送風量など）を調整する。保持時間は０．００５秒以上５時間以下、更に０．０１秒以上３時間以下が挙げられる。この範囲のうち、比較的短い時間の溶体化処理は、通電加熱や高周波誘導加熱、雰囲気加熱などを行う連続処理法を利用することで実現できる。上記範囲のうち、比較的長い時間の溶体化処理は、後述するバッチ処理法を利用するとよい。 The conditions for the solution treatment may be appropriately selected according to the composition, and known conditions may be used. For example, in the case of the Al—Mg—Si alloy described above, the holding temperature is 450 ° C. or more and 620 ° C. or less, further 500 ° C. or more and 600 ° C. or less, and the cooling rate in the cooling step after heating is 100 ° C./min or more, and further 200 C./min or more. The forced cooling conditions (refrigerant temperature, amount of refrigerant, amount of blown air, etc.) are adjusted so as to achieve a desired cooling rate. The holding time is 0.005 seconds or more and 5 hours or less, and further 0.01 seconds or more and 3 hours or less. Within this range, solution treatment for a relatively short time can be realized by using a continuous treatment method in which current heating, high frequency induction heating, atmosphere heating, or the like is performed. Among the above ranges, the solution treatment for a relatively long time may be performed using a batch processing method described later.
　溶体化処理中の雰囲気は、大気雰囲気とすると制御が容易であり、溶体化材の生産性に優れる。一方、酸素含有量が少ない雰囲気、即ち低酸化性雰囲気や非酸化雰囲気とすると、溶体化処理時に処理対象である線材が表面酸化することを抑制できる。具体的には、真空雰囲気、不活性ガス雰囲気（例えば窒素）、還元ガス雰囲気などが挙げられる。 If the atmosphere during the solution treatment is an air atmosphere, the control is easy and the productivity of the solution material is excellent. On the other hand, when the atmosphere has a low oxygen content, that is, a low oxidizing atmosphere or a non-oxidizing atmosphere, it is possible to suppress the surface oxidation of the wire material to be processed during the solution treatment. Specific examples include a vacuum atmosphere, an inert gas atmosphere (for example, nitrogen), a reducing gas atmosphere, and the like.
　・被覆工程
　この工程では、溶体化処理が施された導体素材線（単線、撚り線、及び圧縮撚り線のいずれか）の外周に、上述の絶縁被覆の項で述べた絶縁材料を用いて絶縁被覆を形成して、被覆線を作製する。絶縁被覆の形成には押出が利用できる。その他、導体線の外周に樹脂などの絶縁層を形成する公知の方法を利用できる。押出は、絶縁材料が溶融状態となる温度、代表的には３００℃以下の温度に絶縁材料を加熱して行う。押出では、加熱状態の絶縁材料に接触することで導体素材線が加熱されるといえるが、工業的に行う連続的な押出では、この接触によって導体素材線が加熱される時間は非常に短い。具体的にはこの加熱によって析出物が十分に析出しない又は実質的に析出しない程度の時間である。そこで、実施形態の電線の製造方法では、別途人工時効を行う工程（後述の時効工程）を備える。 ・ Coating process In this process, insulation is performed on the outer periphery of the conductor material wire (either a single wire, a stranded wire, or a compression stranded wire) that has undergone solution treatment using the insulating material described in the above-mentioned section of the insulating coating. A coating is formed to produce a coated wire. Extrusion can be used to form the insulating coating. In addition, a known method of forming an insulating layer such as a resin on the outer periphery of the conductor wire can be used. Extrusion is performed by heating the insulating material to a temperature at which the insulating material is in a molten state, typically 300 ° C. or lower. In extrusion, it can be said that the conductor material wire is heated by contacting the insulating material in a heated state, but in continuous extrusion performed industrially, the time during which the conductor material wire is heated by this contact is very short. Specifically, the time is such that precipitates are not sufficiently or substantially not precipitated by this heating. Therefore, the electric wire manufacturing method of the embodiment includes a step of performing artificial aging separately (an aging step described later).
　・時効工程
　この工程では、上述の溶体化工程を経ている導体素材線と、その外周に絶縁被覆とを備える被覆線に時効処理を施して、導体素材線を構成する合金組織を溶体化組織から時効組織、即ち、析出物が析出されて分散した組織にする。上記時効処理は、予め導体素材線の表面に絶縁被覆を形成することで、導体素材線の表面に酸化層が形成されるのを抑制しながら行うことができる。つまり、上記時効処理により、導体素材線の表面に酸化層が形成されるのを抑制しながら、導体素材線を構成する合金組織を、溶体化組織から、析出物が析出されて分散した時効組織に変化させることができる。 ・ Aging process In this process, an aging treatment is applied to a conductor material wire that has undergone the above-mentioned solution treatment step and a coated wire having an insulation coating on the outer periphery thereof, and the alloy structure constituting the conductor material wire is taken from the solution structure. An aging structure, that is, a structure in which precipitates are precipitated and dispersed is formed. The aging treatment can be performed while forming an insulating coating on the surface of the conductor material wire in advance, thereby suppressing the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the conductor material wire. In other words, the above aging treatment suppresses the formation of an oxide layer on the surface of the conductor material wire, while the alloy structure constituting the conductor material wire is aged structure in which precipitates are precipitated and dispersed from the solution structure. Can be changed.
　時効処理の条件は、導体素材線を構成する合金の組成と、絶縁被覆の耐熱温度などとを考慮して選択するとよい。 ◎ Conditions for aging treatment should be selected in consideration of the composition of the alloy constituting the conductor material wire, the heat resistance temperature of the insulation coating, and the like.
　例えば、上述のＡｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金であれば、時効処理の条件は、保持温度が８０℃以上３００℃以下、保持時間が２時間以上、が挙げられる。保持温度が高いほど、保持時間を短くでき、製造時間を短縮できる。例えば、保持温度を１００℃以上、更に１１０℃以上、１１５℃以上とすることができる。保持温度が低いほど、絶縁被覆における熱損傷を低減し易い。そこで、保持温度を２５０℃以下、更に２２０℃以下、２００℃以下とすることができる。保持時間は、合金組成と保持温度とに応じて選択するとよく、例えば、５時間以上、更に８時間以上、１０時間以上とすることができる。時効処理の保持温度は、溶体化処理の保持温度よりも低い。 For example, in the case of the Al—Mg—Si alloy described above, the aging treatment conditions include a holding temperature of 80 ° C. or more and 300 ° C. or less and a holding time of 2 hours or more. The higher the holding temperature, the shorter the holding time and the manufacturing time. For example, the holding temperature can be 100 ° C. or higher, further 110 ° C. or higher, and 115 ° C. or higher. The lower the holding temperature, the easier it is to reduce thermal damage in the insulation coating. Therefore, the holding temperature can be 250 ° C. or lower, further 220 ° C. or lower, and 200 ° C. or lower. The holding time may be selected according to the alloy composition and holding temperature, and may be, for example, 5 hours or longer, further 8 hours or longer, 10 hours or longer. The holding temperature of the aging treatment is lower than the holding temperature of the solution treatment.
　時効処理の雰囲気は、大気雰囲気が好ましい。雰囲気制御が不要であり、作業性に優れ、ひいては電線の製造性の向上に寄与するからである。実施形態の電線の製造方法では、時効処理の雰囲気ガスを大気としても、処理対象である導体素材線の外周が絶縁被覆に覆われており、導体素材線（特に表面）と雰囲気ガスとの接触が実質的に阻害され、時効時、導体素材線の表面酸化を効果的に低減できる。即ち、時効処理を大気雰囲気で行った場合でも、導体の表面酸化が抑制されて、表面酸化層が比較的薄い導体を備える上述の実施形態の電線が得られる。時効工程における冷却工程は、炉冷や大気中での冷却などを利用することができる。 The atmosphere of aging treatment is preferably an air atmosphere. This is because the atmosphere control is unnecessary, and the workability is excellent, which contributes to the improvement of the manufacturability of the electric wire. In the electric wire manufacturing method of the embodiment, even if the aging treatment atmosphere gas is air, the outer periphery of the conductor material wire to be treated is covered with an insulating coating, and the contact between the conductor material wire (especially the surface) and the atmosphere gas Is substantially inhibited, and surface oxidization of the conductor material wire can be effectively reduced during aging. That is, even when the aging treatment is performed in the air atmosphere, the surface oxidation of the conductor is suppressed, and the electric wire of the above-described embodiment including the conductor having a relatively thin surface oxide layer is obtained. For the cooling step in the aging step, furnace cooling, cooling in the air, or the like can be used.
　時効処理には、上述の連続処理法を利用できるが、バッチ処理法が好ましい。バッチ処理では、加熱用容器（雰囲気炉、例えば、箱型炉）内に加熱対象を封入した状態で加熱するため、熱処理時間を十分に保持できて、析出物を十分に析出させられるからである。 For the aging treatment, the above-mentioned continuous treatment method can be used, but the batch treatment method is preferable. In batch processing, heating is performed in a state where a heating target is enclosed in a heating container (atmosphere furnace, for example, a box furnace), so that the heat treatment time can be sufficiently maintained and precipitates can be sufficiently precipitated. .
　時効処理の条件を調整することで、実施形態の電線の製造方法は、例えば、引張強さが１５０ＭＰａ以上、導電率が４０％ＩＡＣＳ以上、破断伸びが５％以上である導体を備える電線を製造できる。 By adjusting the conditions for aging treatment, the method for producing an electric wire of the embodiment produces, for example, an electric wire including a conductor having a tensile strength of 150 MPa or more, an electrical conductivity of 40% IACS or more, and a breaking elongation of 5% or more. it can.
　［ワイヤーハーネスの製造方法］
　上述の実施形態の電線の製造方法によって製造された電線を用意し、この電線の端部に端子部を装着し、このような端子部付き電線を複数束ねることで、実施形態のワイヤーハーネスを製造することができる。 [Method of manufacturing wire harness]
A wire harness according to the embodiment is manufactured by preparing an electric wire manufactured by the method for manufacturing an electric wire according to the above-described embodiment, attaching a terminal portion to the end portion of the electric wire, and bundling a plurality of such electric wires with terminal portions. can do.
　［試験例１］
　種々の組成のアルミニウム合金線を導体に備える電線を作製し、電線の特性、導体表面の酸化状態を調べる。 [Test Example 1]
Electric wires equipped with aluminum alloy wires of various compositions are prepared, and the characteristics of the electric wires and the oxidation state of the conductor surface are examined.
　試料Ｎｏ．１－１～１－２０の電線は、溶解→連続鋳造圧延→伸線→溶体化（導体素材線）→被覆→時効という手順で作製する。 Sample No. The electric wires 1-1 to 1-20 are produced in the order of melting → continuous casting and rolling → drawing → solution forming (conductor material wire) → coating → aging.
　試料Ｎｏ．１－１００の電線は、試料Ｎｏ．１－１～１－２０とは被覆と時効との順序が異なり、溶解→連続鋳造圧延→伸線→溶体化→時効→被覆という手順で作製する。 Sample No. The wire No. 1-100 is sample No. The order of coating and aging is different from that of 1-1 to 1-20, and it is produced by the procedure of melting → continuous casting rolling → drawing → solution forming → aging → coating.
　ベースとして純アルミニウム（９９．７質量％以上Ａｌ）を用意して溶解し、得られた溶湯（溶融アルミニウム）に表１に示す添加元素を表１に示す含有量（質量％）となるように投入して、合金溶湯（添加元素、残部：Ａｌ）を作製する。表１に示す「Ｍｇ／Ｓｉ」は、Ｓｉの質量に対するＭｇの質量の比率を示す。成分調整を行った合金溶湯は、適宜、水素ガス除去処理や、異物除去処理を行うことが望ましい。 Pure aluminum (99.7 mass% or more Al) is prepared and melted as a base, and the obtained molten metal (molten aluminum) has the additive elements shown in Table 1 to the contents (mass%) shown in Table 1. The molten alloy (added element, balance: Al) is prepared. “Mg / Si” shown in Table 1 indicates the ratio of the mass of Mg to the mass of Si. It is desirable that the molten alloy whose components have been adjusted is appropriately subjected to a hydrogen gas removal treatment or a foreign matter removal treatment.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　ベルトアンドホイール式の連続鋳造圧延装置を用いて、用意した合金溶湯に鋳造及び熱間圧延を連続的に施して連続鋳造圧延を行い、φ９．５ｍｍのワイヤーロッド（連続鋳造圧延材）を作製する。Ｔｉ及びＢを含有する試料は、表１に示す含有量（質量％）となるように、鋳造直前の合金溶湯にＴｉＢワイヤを供給する。ワイヤーロッドに均質化処理を施すことができる（例えば、５３０℃×５時間）。 Using a belt-and-wheel continuous casting and rolling device, the prepared molten alloy is continuously cast and hot-rolled to perform continuous casting and rolling to produce a φ9.5 mm wire rod (continuous casting and rolling material). . A TiB wire is supplied to the molten alloy just before casting so that the sample containing Ti and B has the content (mass%) shown in Table 1. The wire rod can be homogenized (for example, 530 ° C. × 5 hours).
　作製したワイヤーロッド又は均質化処理材に冷間伸線加工を施して、表２に示す素線径（ｍｍ）を最終線径とする伸線材を作製する。伸線加工途中の適宜な時期に中間熱処理を行うことができる（例えば、３００℃×３時間）。 The wire rod or the homogenized material thus produced is subjected to cold wire drawing to produce a wire drawing material having the final wire diameter as shown in Table 2. Intermediate heat treatment can be performed at an appropriate time during wire drawing (for example, 300 ° C. × 3 hours).
　試料ごとに最終線径の伸線材を７本用意し、７本の伸線材を素線として撚り合せて、７本撚り線とする。この撚り線に溶体化処理を施して、溶体化材を作製する。溶体化処理は、保持温度５３０℃×保持時間３時間、窒素雰囲気とし、冷却工程では急冷する。急冷は、素材を水槽に浸漬して行う。この冷却工程における冷却速度は６７５℃／ｍｉｎ（１００℃／ｍｉｎ以上）である。 Prepare 7 wiredrawers with the final wire diameter for each sample, and twist the 7 wiredrawers as strands to make 7 wires. A solution treatment is performed on the stranded wire to produce a solution material. The solution treatment is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere at a holding temperature of 530 ° C. and a holding time of 3 hours, and rapidly cooled in the cooling step. Rapid cooling is performed by immersing the material in a water tank. The cooling rate in this cooling step is 675 ° C./min (100 ° C./min or more).
　試料Ｎｏ．１－１～１－２０については、作製した溶体化材を導体素材線として、表２に示す絶縁材料を導体素材線の外周に押出して絶縁被覆を形成し、被覆線を作製する。表２において、ＰＶＣはポリ塩化ビニル、架橋ＰＥは架橋ポリエチレン、ＰＰはポリプロピレン、ＰＢＴエンプラは、ポリブチレンテレフタレートエンジニアプラスチックである。 Sample No. For 1-1 to 1-20, the prepared solution material is used as a conductor material wire, and the insulating material shown in Table 2 is extruded on the outer periphery of the conductor material wire to form an insulating coating, thereby producing a coated wire. In Table 2, PVC is polyvinyl chloride, crosslinked PE is crosslinked polyethylene, PP is polypropylene, and PBT engineering plastic is polybutylene terephthalate engineered plastic.
　試料Ｎｏ．１－１～１－２０については、作製した被覆線に表２に示す条件で時効処理（℃×時間（Ｈ））を施し、導体素材線に時効処理が施されて得られた導体と、上述の絶縁被覆とを備える電線を作製する。いずれの試料についても時効処理は大気雰囲気で行う。 Sample No. For 1-1 to 1-20, a conductor obtained by subjecting the produced coated wire to aging treatment (° C. × time (H)) under the conditions shown in Table 2, and subjecting the conductor material wire to aging treatment, An electric wire provided with the above-mentioned insulating coating is produced. All samples are subjected to aging treatment in an air atmosphere.
　一方、試料Ｎｏ．１－１００については、作製した溶体化材に表２に示す条件（大気雰囲気）で時効処理を施した後、表２に示す絶縁材料を押し出して、溶体化処理に引き続いて時効処理が施されて得られた導体と、時効処理後に押出した絶縁被覆とを備える電線を作製する。 On the other hand, sample No. For 1-100, after the aging treatment was performed on the prepared solution material under the conditions (atmosphere) shown in Table 2, the insulating material shown in Table 2 was extruded, and the aging treatment was performed following the solution treatment. An electric wire comprising the conductor obtained in this way and an insulating coating extruded after aging treatment is produced.
　得られた各試料の電線について、室温（ここでは２５℃）における引張強さ（ＭＰａ）、導電率（％ＩＡＣＳ）、破断伸び（％）を表２に示す。 Table 2 shows the tensile strength (MPa), electrical conductivity (% IACS), and elongation at break (%) at room temperature (here, 25 ° C.) for the obtained electric wires of each sample.
　引張強さ（ＭＰａ）及び破断伸び（％）は、ＪＩＳ　Ｚ　２２４１（金属材料引張試験方法、１９９８）に準拠して、汎用の引張試験機を用いて測定する。導電率（％ＩＡＣＳ）は、ブリッジ法により測定する。これらの測定は、各試料の電線について絶縁被覆を剥して導体のみとした試料片を用いて測定する。 Tensile strength (MPa) and elongation at break (%) are measured using a general-purpose tensile tester in accordance with JIS Z 2241 (Metal material tensile test method, 1998). Conductivity (% IACS) is measured by the bridge method. These measurements are performed using a sample piece in which the insulation coating is peeled off from the wire of each sample to make only the conductor.
　得られた各試料の電線について、平均破壊電圧（Ｖ）を表２に示す。平均破壊電圧は、以下のように測定する。各試料の電線について絶縁被覆を剥して導体を取り出し、取り出した導体を適当な長さに切断して、導体試験片とする。ここでは、撚り合された７本の素線のうちから、１本ずつ素線を取り出して、試料ごとに合計７個の導体試験片を作製する。この導体試験片と、直流電源と、直径０．５ｍｍφのＡｕ（金）線からなる測定子とを用いて測定する。直流電源の一方の極に導体試験片の一端部を接続し、他方の極に測定子の一端部を接続する。導体試験片の他端部の表面に測定子の他端部を零荷重で接触させて、直流電源と導体試験片と測定子とからなる回路を形成する。上述の接触状態で直流電源の電圧を上昇させていき、通電を開始する電圧を測定する。導体試験片に表面酸化層が存在すれば、表面酸化層は、導体試験片と測定子との間を電気的に絶縁する。従って、通電開始電圧は、表面酸化層の絶縁破壊電圧といえる。また、通電開始電圧は、表面酸化層の厚さが厚いほど高くなる。従って、通電開始電圧が高い導体試料片は、導体に表面酸化層が存在し、かつ表面酸化層が厚いといえる。ここでは、試料ごとに７個の導体試験片について上述の通電開始電圧をそれぞれ測定し、７個の通電開始電圧の平均値を平均破壊電圧とし、この平均破壊電圧を表２に示す。 Table 2 shows the average breakdown voltage (V) for the obtained electric wires of each sample. The average breakdown voltage is measured as follows. The conductor of each sample is peeled off and the conductor is taken out. The taken-out conductor is cut into an appropriate length to obtain a conductor test piece. Here, one strand is taken out from each of the seven strands twisted together, and a total of seven conductor test pieces are produced for each sample. It measures using this conductor test piece, DC power supply, and the measuring element which consists of Au (gold) wire of diameter 0.5mmphi. One end of the conductor test piece is connected to one pole of the DC power supply, and one end of the probe is connected to the other pole. A circuit composed of a DC power source, a conductor test piece, and a probe is formed by bringing the other end of the probe into contact with the surface of the other end of the conductor test piece with zero load. In the above contact state, the voltage of the DC power supply is increased, and the voltage at which energization is started is measured. If a surface oxide layer is present on the conductor test piece, the surface oxide layer electrically insulates between the conductor test piece and the probe. Therefore, it can be said that the energization start voltage is a breakdown voltage of the surface oxide layer. The energization start voltage increases as the thickness of the surface oxide layer increases. Therefore, it can be said that the conductor sample piece having a high energization start voltage has a surface oxide layer on the conductor and a thick surface oxide layer. Here, the above-mentioned energization start voltage is measured for each of the seven conductor test pieces for each sample, the average value of the seven energization start voltages is defined as the average breakdown voltage, and this average breakdown voltage is shown in Table 2.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000002
　表２に示すように、溶体化処理を経た導体素材線に絶縁被覆を形成してから時効処理を行う試料Ｎｏ．１－１～１－２０はいずれも、時効処理を大気雰囲気で行っているものの、平均破壊電圧が低く２．５Ｖ以下であり、半数程度の試料の平均破壊電圧は２．０Ｖ以下である。このことから、試料Ｎｏ．１－１～１－２０の電線に備える導体はいずれも、表面酸化層が比較的薄いといえる。このような結果が得られる理由は、時効時に処理対象である導体素材線が絶縁被覆に覆われていて、導体素材線と雰囲気ガス中の酸素とが接触し難く、表面酸化を効果的に低減できたため、と考えられる。 As shown in Table 2, the sample No. 2 was subjected to aging treatment after forming an insulation coating on the conductor material wire that had undergone solution treatment. In all of 1-1 to 1-20, although the aging treatment is performed in an air atmosphere, the average breakdown voltage is low and is 2.5 V or less, and the average breakdown voltage of about half of the samples is 2.0 V or less. From this, sample no. It can be said that any of the conductors included in the electric wires 1-1 to 1-20 has a relatively thin surface oxide layer. The reason why such a result is obtained is that the conductor material wire to be treated at the time of aging is covered with an insulation coating, so that the conductor material wire and the oxygen in the atmospheric gas are difficult to contact, and the surface oxidation is effectively reduced. It is thought that it was made.
　一方、溶体化処理を行ってから、時効処理を大気雰囲気で行った後に絶縁被覆を形成した試料Ｎｏ．１－１００は、平均破壊電圧が非常に高く、３．７Ｖである。このことから、試料Ｎｏ．１－１００の電線に備える導体は、表面酸化層が厚いといえる。このような結果が得られる理由は、時効時に、処理対象である溶体化材と雰囲気ガス中の酸素とが接触して、表面酸化し易くなったため、と考えられる。 On the other hand, after performing the solution treatment, after performing the aging treatment in the air atmosphere, Sample No. 1-100 has a very high average breakdown voltage of 3.7V. From this, sample no. It can be said that the conductor provided for the 1-100 electric wire has a thick surface oxide layer. The reason why such a result is obtained is thought to be that the solutionized material to be treated and oxygen in the atmospheric gas contacted each other during aging, and the surface was easily oxidized.
　また、表２に示すように合金組成や時効処理の条件を調整することで、引張強さが１５０ＭＰａ以上、導電率が４０％ＩＡＣＳ以上、破断伸びが５％以上を満たす導体を備える電線が得られることが分かる。この試験からは、Ａｌ－Ｍｇ－Ｓｉ系合金とする場合、Ｍｇの含有量を０．２質量％以上１．５質量％以下、Ｓｉの含有量を０．１質量％以上２．０質量％以下とすること、時効温度を８０℃以上とすること、時効時の保持時間を２時間以上とすることで、上述の特性を満たすことが分かる。 Further, by adjusting the alloy composition and aging treatment conditions as shown in Table 2, an electric wire having a conductor satisfying a tensile strength of 150 MPa or more, an electrical conductivity of 40% IACS or more, and a breaking elongation of 5% or more is obtained. You can see that From this test, when an Al—Mg—Si alloy is used, the Mg content is 0.2 mass% to 1.5 mass%, and the Si content is 0.1 mass% to 2.0 mass%. It can be seen that the above characteristics are satisfied by setting the following, by setting the aging temperature to 80 ° C. or more, and by setting the holding time at the aging time to 2 hours or more.
　表２の結果より、絶縁被覆の材料として、ポリ塩化ビニル、架橋ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、シリコンゴム、フッ素ゴム、ポリブチレンテレフタレートエンジニアリングプラスチック、ウレタン、ナイロンの少なくともいずれかを採用し、５０℃以上１８０℃以下の温度で２時間以上２５００時間以下の時効処理を、素線径０．１ｍｍ以上０．５ｍｍ以下の絶縁被覆導体に施すことで、引張強さが１５０ＭＰａ以上３９０ＭＰａ以下、導電率が３９％ＩＡＣＳ以上６０％ＩＡＣＳ以下、破断伸びが５％以上１８％以下、かつ平均破壊電圧が１．２Ｖ以上２．５Ｖ以下の導体が得られる。 From the results in Table 2, at least one of polyvinyl chloride, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, silicon rubber, fluororubber, polybutylene terephthalate engineering plastic, urethane, and nylon is used as the insulating coating material. By applying an aging treatment at a temperature of 2 hours or more and 2500 hours or less to an insulation coated conductor having a wire diameter of 0.1 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less, a tensile strength is 150 MPa or more and 390 MPa or less, and an electrical conductivity is 39% IACS or more A conductor having 60% IACS or less, an elongation at break of 5% or more and 18% or less, and an average breakdown voltage of 1.2V or more and 2.5V or less is obtained.
　この試験から、溶体化処理を経た導体素材線に絶縁被覆を形成してから時効処理を行うことで、時効処理を大気雰囲気としながらも、表面処理層が比較的薄い導体を備える電線を製造できることが示された。また、時効処理を大気雰囲気とすることで、このような電線を生産性よく製造できることが示された。更に、このように特定の製造条件で製造した電線は、上述のように導電性に優れる上に高強度、高靭性であるため、優れた屈曲性や耐衝撃性などが望まれるワイヤーハーネスに良好に利用できると期待される。 From this test, by forming an insulation coating on a conductor material wire that has undergone solution treatment, an aging treatment can be performed to produce an electric wire having a conductor with a relatively thin surface treatment layer while the aging treatment is performed in an air atmosphere. It has been shown. Moreover, it was shown that such an electric wire can be manufactured with high productivity by setting the aging treatment to an air atmosphere. Furthermore, since the electric wire manufactured under specific manufacturing conditions as described above is excellent in electrical conductivity and has high strength and high toughness, it is good for wire harnesses that require excellent flexibility and impact resistance. It is expected to be available.
　本発明は、上述の実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で適宜変更することが可能であり、請求の範囲によって示され、請求の範囲と均等の意味及び範囲内での全ての変更が含まれることが意図される。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the gist of the present invention. The present invention is defined by the scope of claims and has the same meaning as the scope of claims. All changes within the scope are intended to be included.
　本発明の電線及び本発明のワイヤーハーネスは、例えば、自動車や飛行機などに備える電気機器、産業用ロボットなどの制御機器の配線や配線構造などに利用できる。本発明の電線の製造方法は、上記配線構造などに利用される電線の製造に利用できる。 The electric wire of the present invention and the wire harness of the present invention can be used for wiring and wiring structures of control devices such as electric devices and industrial robots provided in automobiles and airplanes, for example. The method for manufacturing an electric wire of the present invention can be used for manufacturing an electric wire used for the wiring structure and the like.

Claims (6)

  1. 　溶体化処理が施された導体素材線を用意する工程と、
    　前記導体素材線の外周に絶縁被覆を形成して被覆線を作製する工程と、
    　前記被覆線に時効処理を施して、導体の外周に前記絶縁被覆を備える電線を製造する工程とを備える電線の製造方法。     Preparing a conductor material wire that has undergone solution treatment; and
    Forming an insulating coating on the outer periphery of the conductor material wire to produce a coated wire;
    A method for producing an electric wire, comprising: subjecting the covered wire to an aging treatment and producing an electric wire provided with the insulating coating on an outer periphery of a conductor.
  2. 　前記時効処理は、大気雰囲気とし、保持温度を８０℃以上３００℃以下、保持時間を２時間以上とする条件で行う請求項１に記載の電線の製造方法。 The method for producing an electric wire according to claim 1, wherein the aging treatment is performed in an air atmosphere, a holding temperature of 80 ° C to 300 ° C, and a holding time of 2 hours or more.
  3. 　前記導体素材線は、Ｍｇを０．２質量％以上１．５質量％以下、Ｓｉを０．１質量％以上２．０質量％以下含むアルミニウム合金から構成されるアルミニウム合金線を含む請求項１又は請求項２に記載の電線の製造方法。 2. The conductor material wire includes an aluminum alloy wire composed of an aluminum alloy containing Mg in an amount of 0.2% by mass to 1.5% by mass and Si in an amount of 0.1% by mass to 2.0% by mass. Or the manufacturing method of the electric wire of Claim 2.
  4. 　前記導体は、引張強さが１５０ＭＰａ以上、導電率が４０％ＩＡＣＳ以上、破断伸びが５％以上である請求項１～請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の電線の製造方法。 The method of manufacturing an electric wire according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the conductor has a tensile strength of 150 MPa or more, an electrical conductivity of 40% IACS or more, and a breaking elongation of 5% or more.
  5. 　請求項１～請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の電線の製造方法によって製造された電線。 An electric wire manufactured by the method for manufacturing an electric wire according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
  6. 　請求項５に記載の電線と、この電線の端部に装着された端子部とを備えるワイヤーハーネス。 A wire harness comprising the electric wire according to claim 5 and a terminal portion attached to an end portion of the electric wire.
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JP2012229485A (en) * 2011-04-11 2012-11-22 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd Aluminum alloy wire
WO2014155818A1 (en) * 2013-03-29 2014-10-02 古河電気工業株式会社 Aluminum alloy conductor, aluminum alloy twisted wire, coated electric wire, wire harness, and production method for aluminum alloy conductor

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