WO2016067975A1 - Capteur de gaz - Google Patents

Capteur de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016067975A1
WO2016067975A1 PCT/JP2015/079585 JP2015079585W WO2016067975A1 WO 2016067975 A1 WO2016067975 A1 WO 2016067975A1 JP 2015079585 W JP2015079585 W JP 2015079585W WO 2016067975 A1 WO2016067975 A1 WO 2016067975A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
sensor
electrode
measured
housing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/079585
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
祐輔 河本
祐介 藤堂
貴司 荒木
Original Assignee
株式会社デンソー
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2015184367A external-priority patent/JP6561719B2/ja
Application filed by 株式会社デンソー filed Critical 株式会社デンソー
Priority to DE112015004954.1T priority Critical patent/DE112015004954T5/de
Priority to US15/521,967 priority patent/US11933757B2/en
Publication of WO2016067975A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016067975A1/fr

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416Systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas sensor that detects a predetermined gas component concentration in a gas to be measured.
  • a general gas sensor that detects the concentration of a predetermined gas component such as NOx in a measured gas such as exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine adjusts the oxygen concentration in the measured gas by a pump cell, and the oxygen concentration is adjusted by the sensor cell.
  • the predetermined gas component concentration in the measured gas is detected.
  • the electrode constituting the pump cell and the electrode constituting the sensor cell need to be operated within an appropriate temperature range. Specifically, the electrode constituting the pump cell is operated in a temperature range that does not decompose the predetermined gas component while decomposing oxygen, and the electrode constituting the sensor cell does not decompose water while decomposing the predetermined gas component. Operating in range.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-28183 discloses a gas sensor having a sensor element that measures a predetermined gas component in a gas to be measured, and an inner protective cover and an outer protective cover that cover the tip of the sensor element.
  • This gas sensor is configured such that the total opening area A1 of the inner gas introduction holes of the inner protective cover and the total opening area A2 of the outer gas introduction holes of the outer protective cover have a relationship of A1 / A2 ⁇ 1.
  • the flow rate at which the gas to be measured introduced from the outer gas introduction hole into the outer protective cover passes through the inner gas introduction hole is reduced.
  • the ratio of the total opening area of all the gas introduction holes temperature fluctuations of the sensor element due to the gas to be measured entering the protective cover are suppressed.
  • the entire gas detection part provided with the pump electrode, the sensor electrode, and the like in the sensor element protrudes from the front end surface of the housing toward the front end of the gas sensor.
  • a state in which the gas to be measured easily collides is formed around the portion of the sensor element where the pump electrode and the sensor electrode are provided.
  • the gas sensor controls the temperature of the sensor element by utilizing the fact that the impedance of the pump cell changes with temperature.
  • the temperature of the sensor cell is indirectly controlled by controlling the temperature of the pump electrode according to the impedance of the pump cell. For this reason, if the gas to be measured is likely to collide with the periphery of the portion of the sensor element provided with the sensor electrode, the temperature of the sensor electrode is likely to fluctuate.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such a background, and provides a gas sensor capable of suppressing the temperature fluctuation of a sensor electrode and increasing the detection accuracy of a predetermined gas component concentration.
  • One embodiment of the present invention includes a housing; An insulator held on the inner periphery of the housing; A sensor element inserted through the insulator, having a solid electrolyte body having oxygen ion conductivity, and having a distal end portion in the longitudinal direction of the gas sensor protruding from the distal end surface of the insulator;
  • a gas sensor comprising: a protective cover that is attached to the distal end portion of the housing so as to cover the distal end portion of the sensor element, and in which a cover introduction hole for guiding a gas to be measured to the distal end portion of the sensor element is formed.
  • the front end portion of the solid electrolyte body in the longitudinal direction is exposed to the gas to be measured to adjust the oxygen concentration in the gas to be measured, and the oxygen concentration is exposed to the gas to be measured and is pumped by the pump electrode.
  • a sensor electrode for detecting a predetermined gas component concentration in the gas to be measured after the gas is adjusted is characterized in that the base end in the longitudinal direction of the sensor electrode is located closer to the base end side of the gas sensor than the front end surface of the housing.
  • the positional relationship between the front end surface of the housing and the sensor electrode in the sensor element is devised. Specifically, the base end in the longitudinal direction of the sensor electrode in the sensor element is positioned closer to the base end side than the front end surface of the housing. And at least a part of the part where the sensor electrode is provided in the sensor element is in the housing.
  • the gas to be measured When detecting a predetermined gas component concentration in the gas to be measured by the gas sensor, the gas to be measured is introduced into the protective cover from the introduction hole of the protective cover, and is applied to the front end of the sensor element (solid electrolyte body) in the longitudinal direction. Contact.
  • the gas to be measured since the base end in the longitudinal direction of the sensor electrode is located on the base end side with respect to the front end surface of the housing, the gas to be measured does not easily collide with the periphery of the sensor element where the sensor electrode is provided.
  • the flow velocity of the gas to be measured that collides with the periphery of the portion where the sensor electrode is provided in the sensor element becomes slow. Thereby, the temperature of the sensor electrode can be made less likely to fluctuate due to the temperature change of the gas to be measured.
  • the detection accuracy of the predetermined gas component concentration can be improved by suppressing the temperature fluctuation of the sensor electrode.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the sensor element according to the embodiment, and is a cross-sectional explanatory view taken along line III-III in FIG. 2. Plane explanatory drawing which shows the formation state of the pump electrode and sensor electrode in a sensor element concerning embodiment. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the front end side part of the other gas sensor concerning embodiment. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the front end side part of the other gas sensor concerning embodiment. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the front end side part of the other gas sensor concerning embodiment. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing which shows the front end side part of the other gas sensor concerning embodiment.
  • the graph which shows the relationship between the position of the longitudinal direction of a sensor electrode concerning a confirmation test, and the flow velocity of the to-be-measured gas which contacts the front-end
  • the graph which shows the relationship between the position of the longitudinal direction of a sensor electrode concerning a confirmation test, and the fluctuation
  • the gas sensor 1 includes housings 11A and 11B, an insulator 12, a sensor element 10, and protective covers 13A and 13B.
  • the housings 11A and 11B are made of metal.
  • the insulator 12 is made of insulating ceramics and is held on the inner peripheral side of the housing 11A.
  • the sensor element 10 is inserted through an insulator 12 and has a solid electrolyte body 2 having oxygen ion conductivity.
  • the sensor element 10 has a predetermined length and has a tip portion 100. The distal end portion 100 protrudes from the distal end surface 121 of the insulator 12 along the longitudinal direction L of the sensor element 10.
  • the protective covers 13A and 13B are made of metal, and are attached to the distal end (lower part of the figure) of the housing 11A so as to cover the distal end portion 100 of the sensor element 10.
  • cover introduction holes 131 and 132 for guiding the gas G to be measured to the tip portion 100 of the sensor element 10 are formed.
  • the solid electrolyte body 2 has a tip portion 200.
  • the tip portion 200 is exposed to the gas G to be measured to adjust the oxygen concentration in the gas G to be measured, and the oxygen concentration is adjusted by the pump electrode 21 that is exposed to the gas G to be measured.
  • a sensor electrode 23 for detecting a predetermined gas component concentration in the gas G to be measured.
  • the base end edge 231 of the sensor electrode 23 is closer to the base end side of the gas sensor 1 (that is, the sensor element 10) than the front end surface 111 of the housing 11 ⁇ / b> A in the longitudinal direction L of the sensor element 10. positioned.
  • a portion where the sensor element 10 protrudes from the insulator 12 is referred to as a tip side.
  • the lower side is the distal end side
  • the upper side is the proximal end side. 2 to 4
  • the sensor element 10 is schematically shown, and the pump electrode 21, the sensor electrode 23, and the like are shown shorter than actual ones.
  • the gas sensor 1 uses an exhaust gas passing through an exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine as a measurement gas G, and is used to detect the concentration of NOx as a predetermined gas component in the measurement gas G.
  • the sensor element 10 includes an insulator 31 for forming the measurement gas space 101 and a heater 5 for heating the solid electrolyte body 2, which are stacked between the sensor element 10 and the solid electrolyte body 2. Is formed.
  • the solid electrolyte body 2 has opposite surfaces 201 and 202 in the thickness direction.
  • the insulator 31 is laminated on the surface 201 with the spacer 33 interposed therebetween.
  • a measurement gas space 101 into which the measurement gas G is introduced is formed by being surrounded by one surface 201 of the solid electrolyte body 2, the insulator 31 and the spacer 33.
  • an inlet 331 for introducing the measurement gas G into the measurement gas space 101 via the diffusion resistor 32 is formed at the tip 103 of the sensor element 10.
  • the introduction port 331 is formed at the tip portion of the spacer 33.
  • the diffusion resistor 32 is composed of a porous body that allows the gas G to be measured to pass under a predetermined diffusion resistance, and is embedded in the inlet 331.
  • the pump electrode 21 and the sensor electrode 23 are provided on the surface 201 of the solid electrolyte body 2 and are exposed to the measurement gas G introduced into the measurement gas space 101.
  • the monitor electrode 22 is provided adjacent to the sensor electrode 23 on the surface 201 of the solid electrolyte body 2.
  • the monitor electrode 22 detects the oxygen concentration in the measurement gas G after being exposed to the measurement gas G and the oxygen concentration being adjusted by the pump electrode 21.
  • the pump electrode 21 is provided at the tip of the solid electrolyte body 2 of the sensor element 10, which is close to the introduction port 331.
  • the sensor electrode 23 and the monitor electrode 22 are adjacent to the proximal end side of the pump electrode 21 and are provided at positions spaced apart from each other by an equal distance from the pump electrode 21. That is, the sensor electrode 23 and the monitor electrode 22 are located at an equal distance from the base edge of the pump electrode 21 along the longitudinal direction L.
  • the heater 5 is laminated on the surface 202 of the solid electrolyte body 2 via the spacers 34.
  • the heater 5 includes a pair of ceramic substrates 51 and a heat generation layer 52 sandwiched between the ceramic substrates 51.
  • a reference gas space 102 into which a reference gas (atmospheric gas) A is introduced is formed by being surrounded by the surface 202 of the solid electrolyte body 2, the heater 5 and the spacer 34.
  • a region on the surface 202 where the pump electrode 21, the monitor electrode 22 and the sensor electrode 23 are projected in the thickness direction of the solid electrolyte body 2 (the solid electrolyte body 2 is sandwiched between the pump electrode 21, the monitor electrode 22 and the sensor electrode 23.
  • a reference electrode 25 is provided so as to be exposed to the reference gas A introduced into the reference gas space 102.
  • the reference electrode 25 is provided over the entire area of the surface 202 onto which the three electrodes, the pump electrode 21, the monitor electrode 22, and the sensor electrode 23 are projected.
  • the reference electrode 25 can be provided separately for the pump electrode 21, the monitor electrode 22, and the sensor electrode 23.
  • a voltage is applied between the pump electrode 21 and the reference electrode 25 via the solid electrolyte body 2, so that the measurement gas G in the measurement gas space 101 is in the measurement gas G.
  • a pump cell 41 is formed for adjusting the oxygen concentration to a predetermined concentration or less. Further, in the sensor element 10, the oxygen ion current flowing between the monitor electrode 22 and the reference electrode 25 is detected via the solid electrolyte body 2, and the oxygen concentration is adjusted by the pump cell 41 in the measured gas space 101. After that, a monitor cell 42 for detecting the oxygen concentration in the measured gas G is formed.
  • an oxygen ion current flowing between the sensor electrode 23 and the reference electrode 25 is detected via the solid electrolyte body 2, and the oxygen concentration is adjusted by the pump cell 41 in the measured gas space 101.
  • the oxygen ion current value in the monitor cell 42 is subtracted from the oxygen ion current value in the sensor cell 43 to detect the NOx concentration in the measurement gas G.
  • the housings 11A and 11B are a first housing 11A located on the outer periphery of the insulator 12 and a second housing 11B located on the outer periphery of the first housing 11A.
  • the front end portion of the first housing 11A protrudes toward the front end side of the gas sensor 1 from the front end of the second housing 11B.
  • the assembly of the protective covers 13A and 13B has a double wall structure.
  • the protective covers 13A and 13B are a first protective cover 13A attached to the outer periphery of the front end portion of the first housing 11A and a second protective cover 13B attached to the outer periphery of the first protective cover 13A.
  • the cover introduction holes 131 and 132 for guiding the gas G to be measured to the distal end portion 100 of the sensor element 10 include the cover introduction holes 131 formed in the outer peripheral portion and the distal end portion of the first protective cover 13A, and the second protective cover.
  • 13B is a cover introduction hole 132 formed at the outer periphery and the tip of 13B.
  • the gas G to be measured passes through the outer peripheral portion of the first protective cover 13A and the outer peripheral portion of the second protective cover 13B, flows into the second protective cover 13B, contacts the distal end portion 100 of the sensor element 10, and then It flows out of the protective covers 13A and 13B through the front end of the first protective cover 13A and the front end of the second protective cover 13B.
  • the tip of the first protective cover 13A is disposed in a cover introduction hole 132 formed in the tip of the second protective cover 13B.
  • the measured gas G flowing to the base end side through the cover introduction hole 131 in the outer peripheral portion of the first protective cover 13A comes into contact with the distal end portion 100 of the sensor element 10 arranged in the first protective cover 13A. .
  • the distal end portion of the first protective cover 13A is separated from the distal end portion of the second protective cover 13B toward the proximal end side of the gas sensor 1, and the distal end portion of the first protective cover 13A and the second protective cover are separated.
  • a space can also be formed between the tip of 13B.
  • the gas G to be measured flows through the space between the tip of the first protective cover 13A and the tip of the second protective cover 13B from the cover introduction hole 132 in the outer periphery of the second protective cover 13B. Then, it flows through the cover introduction hole 131 in the outer peripheral portion of the first protective cover 13A.
  • the assembly including the protective covers 13A and 13B may have a single wall structure.
  • the gas sensor 1 is configured to control the temperature of the sensor element 10. Specifically, the gas sensor 1 measures the impedance between the pump electrode 21 and the reference electrode 25 through the solid electrolyte body 2 in the pump cell 41, and heats the heater 5 so that this impedance becomes a predetermined value. It is configured to control the amount.
  • the pump electrode 21 is heated to a temperature in the range of 830 to 920 ° C. in order to decompose oxygen but not NOx.
  • the sensor electrode 23 is heated to a temperature in the range of 650 to 740 ° C. in order to decompose NOx but not water.
  • the insulator 12 secures insulation with the sensor element 10 and fixes the sensor element 10 to the first housing 11A.
  • the distal end surface 121 of the insulator 12 is located closer to the proximal end side of the gas sensor 1 than the distal end surface 111 of the first housing 11A.
  • the base end edge 231 in the longitudinal direction L of the sensor electrode 23 and the base end edge 221 in the longitudinal direction L of the monitor electrode 22 are on the base end side of the gas sensor 1 with respect to the front end surface 111 of the first housing 11A. It is located in the recessed part 14 formed by the front end surface 121 of the insulator 12 and the inner peripheral surface 112 of the first housing 11A.
  • the sensor electrode 23 and the monitor electrode 22 have their centers 232 and 222 in the longitudinal direction L positioned on the proximal end side of the gas sensor 1 with respect to the distal end surface 111 of the first housing 11A.
  • the distal end portion 100 in the longitudinal direction L of the sensor element 10 provided with the pump electrode 21, the sensor electrode 23, the monitor electrode 22, and the reference electrode 25 is as close to the first housing 11A as possible. It is located on the end side.
  • the gas sensor 1 detects the NOx concentration in the gas G to be measured
  • the gas G to be measured is introduced into the protective covers 13A and 13B from the cover introduction holes 131 and 132, and comes into contact with the tip 100 of the sensor element 10. To do.
  • the measurement gas G is introduced into the measurement gas space 101 from the introduction port 331 formed at the tip 103 of the sensor element 10.
  • the flow of the gas G to be measured introduced into the protective covers 13A and 13B is gentle in the recess 14 formed by the tip surface 121 of the insulator 12 and the inner peripheral surface 112 of the first housing 11A. Further, the centers 232 and 222 of the sensor electrode 23 and the monitor electrode 22 in the longitudinal direction L are located on the proximal end side of the gas sensor 1 with respect to the distal end surface 111 of the first housing 11A, and at least a part of them is in the recess 14. Is arranged.
  • the gas G to be measured does not easily collide with the periphery of the portion of the sensor element 10 where the sensor electrode 23 and the monitor electrode 22 are provided, or the sensor electrode 23 and the monitor electrode 22 of the sensor element 10 are provided.
  • the flow velocity of the gas G to be measured that collides with the periphery of the region becomes slower. Therefore, the temperature of the sensor electrode 23 and the monitor electrode 22 can be made less likely to fluctuate due to the temperature change of the measurement gas G.
  • the gas sensor 1 suppresses the temperature fluctuation of the sensor electrode 23 and increases the detection accuracy of the NOx concentration.
  • the entire sensor electrode 23 may be located closer to the base end side of the gas sensor 1 than the front end surface 111 of the first housing 11 ⁇ / b> A. In this case, the temperature change of the sensor electrode 23 and the monitor electrode 22 can be further suppressed. Further, in the gas sensor 1, as shown in FIG. 6, the tip (tip position) 103 of the sensor element 10 may be located closer to the base end side of the gas sensor 1 than the tip surface 111 of the first housing 11A. In this case, the entire sensor element 10 is disposed in the recess 14 formed by the distal end surface 121 of the insulator 12 and the inner peripheral surface 112 of the first housing 11A. In this case, the temperature of the sensor electrode 23 and the monitor electrode 22 can be made even more difficult to change.
  • the flow rate of the measurement gas G contacting the tip portion 100 of the sensor element 10 and the temperature fluctuation generated in the sensor electrode 23 when the measurement gas G flows into the protective covers 13A and 13B were obtained.
  • the fluctuations in the flow velocity and temperature were obtained by appropriately changing the position of the sensor electrode 23 in the longitudinal direction L.
  • FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the position in the longitudinal direction L of the sensor electrode 23 and the flow velocity of the gas G to be measured contacting the tip portion 100 of the sensor element 10.
  • the position of the sensor electrode 23 in the longitudinal direction L is 0 mm when the base end edge 231 of the sensor electrode 23 in the longitudinal direction L is at the same position as the distal end surface 111 of the housing 11A. Further, the position in the longitudinal direction L of the sensor electrode 23 indicates a negative value when the proximal end edge 231 in the longitudinal direction L of the sensor electrode 23 is located on the proximal end side of the gas sensor 1 with respect to the distal end surface 111 of the housing 11A. .
  • the position of the sensor electrode 23 in the longitudinal direction L indicates a positive value when the base end edge 231 of the sensor electrode 23 in the longitudinal direction L is located on the distal end side of the gas sensor 1 with respect to the distal end surface 111 of the housing 11A.
  • FIG. 9 shows the relationship between the position of the sensor electrode 23 in the longitudinal direction L of the gas sensor 1 and the temperature variation that occurs in the sensor electrode 23.
  • This variation in temperature is caused when the sensor electrode 23 is at a predetermined temperature, the flow rate of the gas G to be measured is 0 mm / s as a reference state, and the flow rate of the gas G to be measured is 20 mm / s. It shows how much the temperature of 23 has changed compared to the reference state where the flow rate is 0 mm / s.
  • the value indicated by the position in the longitudinal direction L of the sensor electrode 23 is the same as in the case of FIG. As shown in FIG.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

 La présente invention concerne un capteur de gaz comprenant : un boîtier ; un isolant situé sur la périphérie interne du boîtier ; un élément capteur, dont la partie d'extrémité distale fait saillie depuis la face d'extrémité distale de l'isolant ; et un capot de protection destiné à recouvrir la partie extrémité distale de l'élément capteur. Dans la présente invention, une électrode de pompage destinée à ajuster la concentration en oxygène dans un gaz à mesurer, l'électrode de pompage étant exposée au gaz à mesurer et une électrode de capteur destinée à détecter la concentration d'un composant de gaz prédéfini dans le gaz à mesurer après ajustement de sa concentration en oxygène par l'électrode de pompage, l'électrode de capteur étant exposée au gaz à mesurer, sont prévues dans la partie extrémité distale d'un électrolyte solide. La partie extrémité proximale de l'électrode de capteur dans sa direction longitudinale est positionnée plus près de l'extrémité proximale du capteur de gaz que de la face d'extrémité distale du boîtier. La variation de température dans l'électrode de capteur est ainsi supprimée et la concentration du composant de gaz prédéfini est détectée avec une plus grande précision.
PCT/JP2015/079585 2014-10-30 2015-10-20 Capteur de gaz WO2016067975A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112015004954.1T DE112015004954T5 (de) 2014-10-30 2015-10-20 Gassensor
US15/521,967 US11933757B2 (en) 2014-10-30 2015-10-20 Gas sensor

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2014221354 2014-10-30
JP2014-221354 2014-10-30
JP2015-184367 2015-09-17
JP2015184367A JP6561719B2 (ja) 2014-10-30 2015-09-17 ガスセンサ

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WO2016067975A1 true WO2016067975A1 (fr) 2016-05-06

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PCT/JP2015/079585 WO2016067975A1 (fr) 2014-10-30 2015-10-20 Capteur de gaz

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09507916A (ja) * 1994-11-08 1997-08-12 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング 混合気中の窒素酸化物を測定するための電気化学センサ
JP2009150719A (ja) * 2007-12-19 2009-07-09 Toyota Motor Corp Noxセンサ
JP2009175135A (ja) * 2007-12-27 2009-08-06 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd ガスセンサおよびそれを備えた空燃比制御装置ならびに輸送機器
JP2009265085A (ja) * 2008-04-02 2009-11-12 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd ガスセンサ
JP2012002805A (ja) * 2010-05-18 2012-01-05 Ngk Insulators Ltd ガス濃度検出センサー

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH09507916A (ja) * 1994-11-08 1997-08-12 ローベルト ボツシユ ゲゼルシヤフト ミツト ベシユレンクテル ハフツング 混合気中の窒素酸化物を測定するための電気化学センサ
JP2009150719A (ja) * 2007-12-19 2009-07-09 Toyota Motor Corp Noxセンサ
JP2009175135A (ja) * 2007-12-27 2009-08-06 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd ガスセンサおよびそれを備えた空燃比制御装置ならびに輸送機器
JP2009265085A (ja) * 2008-04-02 2009-11-12 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd ガスセンサ
JP2012002805A (ja) * 2010-05-18 2012-01-05 Ngk Insulators Ltd ガス濃度検出センサー

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