WO2016049978A1 - 垃圾炭化反应*** - Google Patents

垃圾炭化反应*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016049978A1
WO2016049978A1 PCT/CN2014/092669 CN2014092669W WO2016049978A1 WO 2016049978 A1 WO2016049978 A1 WO 2016049978A1 CN 2014092669 W CN2014092669 W CN 2014092669W WO 2016049978 A1 WO2016049978 A1 WO 2016049978A1
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Prior art keywords
reaction
garbage
reaction system
kettle body
waste
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PCT/CN2014/092669
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
沙嫣
沙晓林
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沙嫣
沙晓林
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Publication of WO2016049978A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016049978A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C10B57/10—Drying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of domestic garbage disposal, in particular to a garbage carbonization reaction system.
  • waste treatment methods mainly include incineration treatment, sanitary landfill, and sorting and composting.
  • Incineration treatment and sanitary landfill are not only significant, but also gradually rising, while sorting and composting is gradually shrinking.
  • the state has little effect in promoting and promoting waste sorting, which makes the garbage disposal more difficult.
  • What is more prominent is that there are many defects in the centralized treatment of garbage in the prior art, which continues to cause secondary pollution to the environment, and the location of the waste incineration plant has a negative impact on social stability.
  • Existing waste disposal methods mainly have the following defects and problems:
  • Incineration of waste will produce 20%-25% of the burning residue.
  • the prior art usually treats the residue in a harmless manner and then extrudes and fills it, which still takes up a lot of land. Because the residue contains heavy metals and other harmful substances, the processing technology is high, the processing equipment is complicated, and the treatment cost is high. If some incineration plants cannot completely treat the residue in a harmless treatment or incomplete treatment, this will cause soil and groundwater. Serious pollution.
  • Incineration of waste requires high investment.
  • An incineration plant that processes 300,000 tons of waste a year needs to invest 320-350 million yuan, mainly for the purchase of large-scale land and complex equipment, especially for the harmless treatment of exhaust gases.
  • the equipment for burning residues has large investment and complicated technology, and generally needs to reach 50% of the total construction investment, which leads to high project cost, long recovery period and reduced economic benefits of project implementation.
  • some enterprises have no way to reduce the investment in these processing equipments, and they have not achieved the harmless treatment effect, which brings great hidden dangers to the surrounding environment and the health of the people.
  • Landfilling is done by stacking garbage or directly burying it in the soil. It does not harm the garbage, and there are a lot of hidden dangers such as bacteria, viruses and heavy metal pollution. The garbage leakage will be buried. Long-term pollution of groundwater resources, some areas will be built on the beach, causing damage to offshore waters and marine life. Landfill not only wastes a lot of land resources needed for landfill, but also causes environmental pollution. Because land pollution is concealed and lagging, it has accumulation and unevenness. The most important thing is that it is irreversible, such as heavy metals. Difficult to degrade leads to a process in which land pollution is basically not completely reversed, and organic pollutants also take a long time to degrade, which brings endless troubles to future generations. At present, many developed countries have banned landfill waste. The competent authorities and technical experts at all levels of the Chinese government believe that this way of dealing with garbage cannot be sustained, but it has not yet found a way to prevent environmental pollution and to replace it with an efficient and simple treatment.
  • Garbage sorting and composting is the ability to decompose organic matter in the waste by means of microbial decomposition. After composting, it becomes crop fertilizer, and the inorganic metal materials, glass and bricks are buried. Rubber and plastics are used. Recycling; but the amount of domestic waste compost is large, nitrogen and phosphorus are low, and long-term use is easy to cause soil compaction and The quality of groundwater deteriorates, and it also has the following outstanding problems: 1. odor pollution; 2. high operating costs; 3. immature technology; 4, poor factory management, so the garbage sorting and composting technology is not yet mature.
  • the application number is 201320221711.2
  • the patent name is an integrated utility model using a waste coal-making device, which includes a pulverizer main body and a molding cavity disposed inside the pulverizer main body. And a mixing chamber disposed at the top of the main body of the coal machine, a waste feeding port disposed on the left side of the mixing chamber, a coal powder feeding port disposed on the right side of the mixing chamber, and a motor disposed at the top of the mixing chamber, and disposed at a mixer connected to the motor output shaft inside the mixing chamber, an outlet disposed on the left side of the main body of the coal machine, an inlet disposed on the right side of the main body of the coal machine, a dryer disposed on the left side of the outlet, and an inlet and an outlet
  • a conveyor belt for conveying the finished coal, and a feed valve is disposed between the main body of the coal pulverizer and the mixing chamber, and a feed valve control switch is disposed outside the main body of the coal pul
  • a waste carbonization reaction system includes a reaction kettle, a steam generator, and a control device, wherein the control device is connected to the reaction vessel, and a steam generator is connected to the reaction vessel, and the steam generator is used for the reaction kettle. Steam is provided for reacting the waste to form a carbonized mixture.
  • the control device is used to control changes in pressure and temperature in the reactor and reaction time.
  • the reaction vessel comprises a kettle body and a kettle lid; the kettle lid is for sealing the kettle body; the kettle body is provided with a gas inlet port, a gas discharge outlet, a condensate discharge port, a pressure test port, and Temperature test port;
  • the kettle body is provided with a first guide rail extending along the longitudinal direction of the kettle body.
  • reaction tank for placing the garbage, and when reacting, pushing the reaction tank into the reaction kettle, and when the reaction is completed, pulling the reaction tank from the reaction kettle Out.
  • the upper side of the bracket is provided with a second rail; the bottom of the reaction box is provided with a roller that cooperates with both the second rail bracket and the first bracket.
  • a drying device a first screening device, and a molding device
  • drying device is used to dry the carbonized mixture
  • the first screening device is configured to screen out non-combustible substances in the carbonized mixture after drying to obtain carbides
  • the forming apparatus is used to process carbide into a shaped biomass fuel of a set shape.
  • the gas storage tank is connected to the gas discharge outlet; the gas filter is connected to the gas storage tank;
  • the gas storage tank is used to store a gas during reaction; the gas filter is used to purify the gas.
  • liquid water storage device and/or a liquid water treatment device connected to the condensate discharge port for storing the liquid generated during the reaction; the liquid water treatment device connecting the liquid state A water storage device for purifying the liquid generated during the reaction.
  • the magnetic separation device, the second screening device and the reaction chamber are arranged adjacent to each other;
  • the magnetic separation device is used to remove the iron in the garbage before the garbage is placed in the reaction box; the second screening device is used to further remove the plastic garbage in the garbage.
  • the solid-liquid separation device and the drying device are sequentially disposed between the second screening device and the reaction tank
  • the solid-liquid separation device is configured to further remove the moisture in the garbage by removing the garbage of the plastic garbage; the drying device is configured to further dry the garbage-removed garbage.
  • the double screw feeder being disposed between the reaction tank and the drying device;
  • the double screw feeder is used to load the dried garbage into the reaction tank.
  • a plurality of reaction tanks are connected end to end in a linear arrangement in the reaction vessel or a plurality of reaction tanks are arranged side by side in the reaction vessel.
  • the gas inlet port comprises a first gas inlet and a second gas inlet
  • first gas inlet is disposed on the lower side of the kettle body and adjacent to the intermediate position of the kettle body; the second gas inlet is disposed on the head end of the kettle body;
  • the first gas inlet and the second gas inlet are both connected to the steam generator.
  • the condensate discharge port comprises a first condensate discharge port and a second condensate discharge port;
  • first condensate discharge port is disposed at a lower side of the kettle body and adjacent to the intermediate position of the kettle body;
  • second condensate discharge port is disposed at a lower side of the kettle body and adjacent to the kettle Body closing end;
  • Both the first condensate drain and the second condensate drain are connected to the liquid water reservoir.
  • the method further includes a heat insulating portion provided on an outer side of the kettle body.
  • a safety valve and a safety valve interface are also included, the safety valve being connected to the kettle body through the safety valve interface.
  • a jacking device is further provided, the jacking device being disposed inside the bracket, and the jacking device 25 is connected to a lower side of the box for driving the box.
  • the jacking device comprises a jack, the lower side of the box is provided with two opposite fixing holes and a fixed shaft, and the end of the jack is provided with a connecting hole;
  • the fixing shaft is inserted into the connecting hole and the fixing hole to connect the jacking device and the case together.
  • one side of the bottom plate of the box is provided with a first rotating shaft 27;
  • one side of the upper end surface of the bracket is provided with a sleeve matched with the first rotating shaft;
  • the box rotates along the first rotating shaft.
  • the box body comprises a first side panel, a second side panel and a second rotating shaft;
  • Two ends of the first side plate are respectively connected to two ends of the box through a second rotating shaft;
  • the first side panel corresponds to the second side panel.
  • a drain hole disposed on the first side plate and the second side plate of the case and the drain hole being close to a lower portion of the case;
  • the drain hole disposed on the first side plate is on the same axis as the drain hole disposed on the second side plate.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention has low requirements for garbage classification, and almost all domestic garbage can be disposed of;
  • the invention has high degree of automation. After the completion of the previous process, according to the dynamic monitoring of parameters, it can automatically enter the next process, so the operation cost is economical, which is in line with the harmless, resource-based and industrialized development direction of garbage disposal;
  • the whole production system of the invention has no odor emission and does not cause pollution to the surrounding environment; the high temperature in the reaction kettle in the production process can effectively kill the bacteria in the garbage; the liquefied water and gas formed in the production process only need to pass Simple water treatment equipment and gas purification equipment can form water and gas that can meet the national standards and can be discharged without secondary pollution;
  • the biomass fuel produced by the invention has a high combustion value, and the combustion value is 4,500-6,500 kcal according to different types of garbage;
  • the carbonized mixture is obtained by screening to obtain about 90% of the carbonized mixture.
  • the utilization rate of the waste-generating material fuel powder of the present invention is much higher than other methods of the prior art, that is, the whole process.
  • the production process can convert most of the waste into carbide, and only the less carbon-free substances can be discharged through screening;
  • the biomass fuel produced by the invention is mainly composed of a small amount of carbon dioxide after combustion, and the emission of combustion flue gas is 50%-60% lower than that of ordinary bituminous coal;
  • the biomass fuel powder produced by the invention can be used as a raw material of carbon fertilizer, thereby further broadening the use of garbage recycling;
  • the construction project of the method of the invention requires less capital investment and quick return. Because the process is simple and the equipment does not need complicated equipment, a waste carbonization equipment and an auxiliary production plant with an annual processing capacity of 300,000 tons of waste are required to be invested in 5000. 10,000 yuan, the payback period is about two years, which is about 15% of the same amount of waste incineration plant investment;
  • the present invention economically and efficiently combines environmental protection issues with energy issues, solves social environmental protection problems at an industrialized level, and fully conforms to the national policy orientation, while the market demand is very large, according to the current amount of garbage growth, At least 1,000 garbage incineration plants with a scale of 300,000 tons need to be built. Using this technology to build a biomass fuel treatment plant, at least 100 domestic construction projects can be completed by 2016, so the implementation of this project is a national environmental protection policy. Strong promotion is also a practice of the Chinese dream and has important social significance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a reaction kettle in the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing another structure of the reaction kettle in the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural view of a reaction box in the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing another structure of the reaction tank of the present invention.
  • 1 is a garbage storage or / and garbage storage pit
  • 25 is a jacking device
  • control device is connected to the reaction kettle 3, the steam generator 6 is connected to the reaction kettle 3, the steam generator 6 is for supplying steam to the reaction kettle 3; and the control device is for controlling the reaction kettle 3 medium pressure and temperature changes and reaction time.
  • the reaction tank 2 is used for placing garbage. When reacting, the reaction tank 2 is pushed into the reaction kettle 3 to react the garbage to form a carbonization mixture; when the reaction is completed, the reaction tank 2 is taken from the reaction kettle. Pull out in 3.
  • the reactor can withstand a pressure greater than 35 bar and a temperature greater than 500 °C.
  • the temperature range is from 150 ° C to 250 ° C in the period of 1/4 - 1/3 of the total reaction
  • the pressure range is: 15 bar - 25 bar; 2 / 4-1 / after the overall reaction
  • the temperature ranges from 200 °C to 500 °C
  • the pressure range is from 20 bar to 35 bar
  • the pressure range is: 18bar-25bar.
  • the reaction vessel 3 includes a kettle body and a kettle lid; the kettle lid is for sealing the kettle body; the kettle body is provided with a plurality of gas inlets, a plurality of gas discharge outlets, a plurality of condensate discharge ports, and Several temperature test ports;
  • the kettle body is provided with a first guide rail extending along the longitudinal direction of the kettle body.
  • the garbage carbonization reaction system provided by the present invention further comprises a bracket; the upper side of the bracket is provided with a second rail; and the bottom of the reaction box 2 is provided with a roller that cooperates with both the second rail bracket and the first bracket.
  • the garbage carbonization reaction system provided by the present invention further comprises a drying device 9, a first screening device 10 and a molding device 11;
  • drying device 9 is used for drying the carbonization mixture
  • first screening device 10 is configured to screen out non-combustible substances in the carbonized mixture after drying to obtain carbides
  • the forming device 11 is used to process carbide into a shaped biomass fuel of a set shape.
  • the garbage carbonization reaction system provided by the present invention further includes a gas storage tank 4 and/or a gas filter 5; the gas storage tank 4 is connected to the first gas discharge outlet 12 and the second gas discharge outlet 17; the gas filter 5 is connected The gas storage tank 4; the gas storage tank 4 is for storing a gas during reaction; and the gas filter 5 is for purifying the gas.
  • the garbage carbonization reaction system provided by the present invention further comprises a liquid water storage unit 7 connected to the condensate discharge port for storing the liquid generated during the reaction.
  • the liquid water treatment device is connected to the liquid water reservoir 7 for the purification treatment of the liquid generated during the reaction, and is discharged into the reservoir or/and the sewage pipe network 8.
  • the garbage carbonization reaction system provided by the present invention further includes a magnetic separation device and/or a second screening device; the magnetic separation device, the second screening device, and the reaction tank 2 are disposed adjacent to each other.
  • the magnetic separation device is used to remove the iron in the garbage before the garbage is placed in the reaction box; the second screening device is used to further remove the plastic garbage in the garbage.
  • the garbage carbonization reaction system provided by the present invention further includes a solid-liquid separation device and/or a drying device; the solid-liquid separation device and the drying device are sequentially disposed between the second screening device and the reaction tank 2
  • the solid-liquid separation device is configured to further remove the moisture in the garbage by removing the garbage of the plastic garbage; and the drying device is configured to further dry the garbage-removed garbage.
  • the garbage carbonization reaction system provided by the present invention further includes a double screw feeder, and the double screw feeder is disposed between the reaction box 2 and the drying device;
  • the double screw feeder is used to load the dried garbage into the reaction tank 2.
  • a plurality of reaction tanks 2 are connected end to end in a linear arrangement in the reaction vessel or a plurality of reaction tanks 2 are arranged side by side in the reaction vessel.
  • the gas inlet port includes a first gas inlet port 19 and a second gas inlet port;
  • the first gas inlet 19 is disposed on the lower side of the kettle body and adjacent to the intermediate position of the kettle body; and the second gas inlet is disposed on the head end of the kettle body.
  • the condensate drain port includes a first condensate drain port 18 and a second condensate drain port 17; the condensate drain port is for discharging condensate in the kettle; wherein the first condensate drain port 18 is disposed at The lower side of the kettle body is adjacent to the intermediate position of the kettle body; the second condensate discharge port 17 is disposed on the upper side of the kettle body and adjacent to the door closing end of the kettle body.
  • the garbage carbonization reactor of the present invention further includes a heat insulating portion provided inside the kettle body.
  • the heat insulating portion includes a bonded connection of asbestos and tinplate; and the tinplate is connected to the kettle body by the asbestos.
  • the waste charring reactor of the present invention further includes a safety valve and a safety valve port 13 through which the safety valve is connected to the body.
  • the waste carbonization reaction tank of the present invention further includes a jacking device 25 disposed inside the bracket 22, the jacking device 25 connecting the lower side of the tank 21, the jacking device 25 is used to drive the case.
  • the jacking device 5 includes a jack, the lower side of the box body 1 is provided with two opposite fixing holes and a fixed shaft, and the end of the jack is provided with a connecting hole; the fixing shaft is inserted into the connection A hole and the fixing hole connect the jacking device 25 and the case 21 together.
  • One side of the bottom plate of the casing 21 is provided with a first rotating shaft 27; one side of the upper end surface of the bracket 22 is provided with a sleeve 26 that cooperates with the first rotating shaft 27; when the jacking device 25 is topped When the casing 21 is lifted, the casing 21 is rotated along the first rotating shaft 7.
  • the casing 21 includes a first side plate 28, a second side plate and a second rotating shaft 29; two ends of the first side plate 28 are respectively connected to both ends of the casing 21 through a second rotating shaft 29; One side panel 28 corresponds to the second side panel. The lower end of the first side plate 28 is not connected to the bottom plate of the case 21.
  • the waste carbonization reaction tank in the present invention further includes a drain hole 30 disposed on the first side plate 28 and the second side plate of the case 1; the drain hole 30 is adjacent to the case 1 a lower portion; wherein the drain hole 30 provided on the first side plate 8 is on the same axis as the drain hole 10 provided on the second side plate.
  • the waste carbonization reaction tank of the present invention further includes a leakage preventing baffle, and two ends of the leakage preventing baffle are respectively disposed on the first side plate 28 and the second side plate and connected to the hole wall of the drainage hole 30;
  • the leakage preventing baffle has a gap with the bottom plate of the casing 21.
  • the two ends of the casing 21 are provided with buckles. Thereby, a plurality of cases 21 can be connected together through the bayonet.
  • the jacking device 25 When the garbage charring reaction box of the invention pours the product in the box, the jacking device 25 first lifts the box 21 from the lower side of the box 21, and the box 21 is further rotated to the side along the first rotating shaft 27, The lower end of the side panel 28 is separated from the bottom panel and the product is poured from the lower end of the first side panel 28 to the bottom panel.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

一种垃圾炭化反应***，包括反应釜（3）、反应箱（2）、蒸汽发生器（6）和控制装置。蒸汽发生器（6）连接反应釜（3），所述蒸汽发生器（6）用于向所述反应釜（3）提供蒸汽；所述反应箱（2）用于放置垃圾，当反应时，将所述反应箱（2）推入所述反应釜（3）反应生成碳化混合物；当反应完成后，将所述反应箱（2）从所述反应釜（3）中拉出。所述反应釜（3）包括釜体和釜盖；所述釜体与所述釜盖密封连接；所述控制装置连接所述反应釜（3），所述控制装置用于控制所述反应釜（3）中压强和温度的变化以及反应时间；釜体内设置有沿所述釜体的长度方向延伸的第一导轨。该***结构合理、设备先进、自动化程度高、设备投资成本低、所需厂房占地面积小，并且制得的生物质燃料燃烧值高、排放低。

Description

垃圾炭化反应*** 技术领域
本发明涉及生活垃圾处理技术领域，具体地，涉及一种垃圾炭化反应***。
背景技术
据资料显示，我国城市生活垃圾年均增长率为8％～10％，2013年城市生活垃圾达2.6亿吨，农村全年生活垃圾也近亿吨，与日俱增的生活垃圾已成为困扰经济发展和环境治理的重大问题。对此，国家和地方各级政府高度重视，近年我国新出台了一系列的新政策和新规划，对垃圾处理问题作出政策性和实践性全面阐述，特别是“十二五”时期，国家对环保领域和废弃物管理制定重大规划，为我国生活垃圾处理项目提供了重要发展机遇。同时，“十八大”明确提出了“生态文明”、“美丽中国”、“节约资源”、“保护环境”等内容，这也给垃圾处理行业创造了很大的发展空间。目前涉及垃圾处理的主要文件有：
①2012年4月19日，国务院办公厅印发了《“十二五”全国城镇生活垃圾无害化处理设施建设规划》(国办发[2012]23号)，该规划由发展改革委、住房城乡***、环境保护部三部委联合组织编制，阐明了“十二五”时期全国城镇生活垃圾无害化处理设施建设的目标、主要任务和保障措施，明确政府工作重点。这是我国生活垃圾处理设施建设的纲领性文件，规划建设总投资2636亿元。
②2012年6月16日，国务院印发了《“十二五”节能环保产业发展规划》(国发[2012]19号)，涉及到技术装备、节能产品、节能环保服务等方面的内容，特别是在重点领域里专门提到了再生资源利用，餐厨废弃物资源化利用和垃圾处理等方面的相关内容。
③2012年7月9日，国务院印发了《“十二五”国家战略性新兴产业发展规划》(国发[2012]28号)，提出发展先进环保产业，推动垃圾和危险废物处理处置等内容；发展资源循环利用产业，重点发展以先进技术支撑的废旧商品回收体系，餐厨废弃物、农林废弃物、废旧纺织品和废旧塑料制品资源化利用等内容。
④2012年8月6日，国务院印发了《关于印发节能减排的“十二五”规划的通知》(国发[2012]40号)，提出加强城镇环境基础设施建设；实施农村清洁工程， 鼓励生活垃圾分类收集和就地减量无害化处理，选择经济、适用、安全的处理处置技术，提高垃圾无害化处理水平，城镇周边和环境敏感区的农村逐步推广城乡一体化垃圾处理模式；加快城镇生活垃圾处理处置设施建设，强化垃圾渗滤液处置；加强政策落实和引导，鼓励采用合同能源管理实施节能改造，推动城镇污水、垃圾处理以及企业污染治理等环保设施社会化、专业化运营。
⑤2012年10月8日，环境保护部、国家***、工信部、***四部委联合印发了《“十二五”危险废物污染防治规划》(环发[2012]123号)，提出了开展危险废物调查，积极探索危险废物源头减量，统筹推进危险废物焚烧、填埋等集中处置设施建设，科学发展危险废物利用和服务行业，加强涉重金属危险废物无害化利用处置，推进医疗废物无害化处置，推动非工业源和历史遗留危险废物利用处置，提升运营管理和技术水平，加强危险废物监管体系建设等9大任务。
根据上述这些国家文件，可以非常清晰的看到，垃圾处理已成为国家十分重视的技术领域，但同时我们也看到目前垃圾处理技术还存在很多的不足、弊端和技术空白。
纵观世界其他国家，垃圾处理同样存在非常严峻的问题，尤其是发展中国家与相对贫穷落后的国家，垃圾堆积如山、环境污染严重等问题日益突出，亟需采用科学、高效、环保的方法处理垃圾。
目前垃圾处理方法主要包括焚烧处理、卫生填埋、分拣堆肥。焚烧处理和卫生填埋不仅比重大，还呈逐渐上升之势，而分拣堆肥逐渐萎缩，另一方面，国家在宣传和推进垃圾分类处理方面的效果甚微，这都使垃圾处理难度加大。更为突出的是，现有技术中对垃圾的集中处理均存在诸多缺陷，继续给环境造成二次污染，垃圾焚烧厂的选址更给社会稳定造成负面影响。现有垃圾处理方法主要存在以下缺陷和问题：
(一)焚烧处理
1、气体排放，造成二次污染
采用焚烧方式处理垃圾，通常需要添加辅助燃料，比如5-10％的煤，不仅增加了成本，同时增加了一氧化碳、二氧化硫的排放，另外燃烧中更是产生多种有害气体，对环境造成了二次污染。其中对环境影响最为突出的是二恶英，二恶英的毒性十分大，是氰化物的130倍、砒霜的900倍，有“世纪之毒”之称。同时，垃圾焚烧厂均存在整个厂区臭气熏天的问题，对周边的常规空气环境也有非常明显的影 响。正是因为垃圾焚烧处理对周边环境有着非常严重的影响，近来我国广东佛山、浙江杭州等地区发生了多起群众抗议政府建设垃圾焚烧项目的***件，影响极为恶劣。
2、燃烧残渣，仍需占地填埋
焚烧处理垃圾会产生20％-25％的燃烧残渣，现有技术通常是将残渣无害化处理后挤压成型并填埋，这仍要占用了大量土地。由于残渣中含有重金属和其他有害物质，处理技术要求高、处理设备复杂、处理成本高，如果有些焚烧厂不能完全地残渣进行无害化处理或处理不彻底，这将又会给土壤、地下水造成严重的污染。
3、高额投资，经济回报甚微
焚烧处理垃圾需要高额投资，一个年处理垃圾30万吨的焚烧厂需要投资3.2亿-3.5亿，主要用于购买大面积的土地、复杂的设备，尤其是用于无害化处理排放气体和燃烧残渣的设备投资大、技术复杂，一般要达到建设总投资的50％，这导致项目成本高、回收周期长、降低了项目实施的经济效益。更有个别企业为利益不择手段减少这些处理设备的投资而达不到无害化处理的效果，给周边环境和百姓健康带来极大隐患。
(二)卫生填埋
垃圾填埋其通过将垃圾集中堆放或者直接埋入土壤里，并没有对垃圾进行无害化处理，残留着大量的细菌、病毒、重金属污染等隐患一并埋入地下；其垃圾渗漏液会长久地污染地下水资源，有的地区将填埋场建在海边，给近海水和海洋生物造成危害。垃圾填埋不仅浪费大量填埋所需的土地资源，而且导致的环境污染，由于土地污染具有隐蔽性、滞后性，并具有积累性、不均匀性，最重要的是具有难可逆性，比如重金属难以降解导致对土地污染基本是不可完全逆转的过程，有机污染物也需要较长时间才能降解，这都给子孙后代带来无穷的后患。目前许多发达国家明令禁止填埋垃圾。我国政府的各级主管部门和技术专家均认为此种方式处理垃圾不能持久，但又尚未找到一个即防止环境污染、又高效简便的处理方式替换此类处理方式。
(三)分拣堆肥
垃圾分拣堆肥是借助微生物分解的能力，将垃圾中的有机物分解，经过堆肥处理后，变成农作物肥料，并将其中的无机的金属物及玻璃、砖块等进行填埋，橡胶塑料等则回收；但生活垃圾堆肥量大，氮、磷含量低，长期使用易造成土壤板结和 地下水质变坏，同时还具有下述突出的问题：1、臭气污染；2、运行费用过高；3、技术不成熟；4、工厂管理不良等，所以垃圾分拣堆肥技术目前尚不成熟。
经过对现有技术检索发现申请号为201320221711.2，专利名称为一种一体式利用废料制煤装置的实用新型，该实用新型中包括制煤机主体，及设置在制煤机主体内部的成型模腔，及设置在制煤机主体顶部的搅拌仓，及设置在搅拌仓左侧的废料加料口，及设置在搅拌仓右侧的煤粉加料口，及设置在搅拌仓顶部的电机，及设置在搅拌仓内部与电机输出轴相连接的搅拌机，及设置在制煤机主体左边的出口，及设置在制煤机主体右边的进口，及设置在出口左侧的干燥机，及穿过进口、出口和干燥机的、用于运送成品煤的输送带，所述制煤机主体与搅拌仓之间设有一进料阀，所述制煤机主体的外侧设置有一进料阀控制开关。但是该实用新型仅限于采用建筑用的废料和煤粉混合制成成品煤，不能适用于生活垃圾的反应制煤。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷，本发明的目的是提供一种垃圾炭化反应***。
根据本发明提供的垃圾炭化反应***包括反应釜、蒸汽发生器和控制装置，其中，所述控制装置连接所述反应釜，蒸汽发生器连接反应釜，所述蒸汽发生器用于向所述反应釜提供蒸汽，所述反应釜用于将垃圾反应生成碳化混合物。
所述控制装置用于控制所述反应釜中压强和温度的变化以及反应时间。
优选地，所述反应釜包括釜体和釜盖；所述釜盖用于密封所述釜体；所述釜体上设置有气体接入口、气体排放出口、冷凝物排放口、压强测试口以及温度测试口；
所述釜体内设置有沿所述釜体的长度方向延伸的第一导轨。
优选地，还包括多个反应箱，所述反应箱用于放置垃圾，当反应时，将所述反应箱推入反应釜，当反应完成后，将所述反应箱从所述反应釜中拉出。
优选地，还包括支架；
所述支架上侧设置有第二导轨；所述反应箱的底部设置有与第二导轨支架和第一支架均配合的滚轮。
优选地，还包括烘干装置、第一筛选装置以及成型装置；
其中，所述烘干装置用于烘干所述碳化混合物；
所述第一筛选装置用于将烘干后碳化混合物中不可燃烧的物质筛选出，从而得到碳化物；
所述成型装置用于将碳化物加工成设定形状的成型生物质燃料。
优选地，还包括气体存储箱和/或气体过滤器；
所述气体存储箱连接所述气体排放出口；所述气体过滤器连接所述气体存储箱；
所述气体存储箱用于存放反应时生成气体；所述气体过滤器用于净化所述气体。
优选地，还包括液态水存放器和/或液态水处理装置，所述液态水存放器连接所述冷凝物排放口，用于存放反应时生成的液体；所述液态水处理装置连接所述液态水存放器，用于反应时生成的液体的净化处理。
优选地，还包括磁选装置和/或第二筛选装置；所述磁选装置、所述第二筛选装置以及所述反应箱顺次相邻设置；
所述磁选装置用于将垃圾放入反应箱前去除垃圾中的铁块；所述第二筛选装置用于进一步去除垃圾中的塑料垃圾。
优选地，还包括固液分离装置和/或干燥装置；所述固液分离装置和所述干燥装置顺次设置在所述第二筛选装置以及所述反应箱之间
所述固液分离装置用于将去除塑料垃圾的垃圾进一步去除垃圾中的水分；所述干燥装置用于进一步将去除水分的垃圾烘干。
优选地，还包括双螺旋给料机，所述双螺旋给料机设置在所述反应箱和所述干燥装置之间；
所述双螺旋给料机用于将烘干后的垃圾装入所述反应箱。
优选地，多个反应箱首尾相连在所述反应釜中呈线型排列或多个反应箱在所述反应釜中并排排列。
优选地，所述气体接入口包括第一气体接入口和第二气体接入口；
其中，第一气体接入口设置在所述釜体的下侧且靠近所述釜体中间位置；所述第二气体接入口设置在所述釜体的封头端上；
第一气体接入口和第二气体接入口均连接所述蒸汽发生器。
优选地，所述冷凝物排放口包括第一冷凝物排放口和第二冷凝物排放口；
其中，所述第一冷凝物排放口设置在所述釜体的下侧且靠近所述釜体中间位置；所述第二冷凝物排放口设置在所述釜体的下侧且靠近所述釜体的封门端；
第一冷凝物排放口和第二冷凝物排放口均连接所述液态水存放器。
优选地，还包括隔热部，所述隔热部设置在所述釜体的外侧。
优选地，还包括安全阀和安全阀接口，所述安全阀通过所述安全阀接口连接所述釜体。
优选地，还包括顶起装置，所述顶起装置设置在所述支架内侧，所述顶起装置25连接所述箱体的下侧，用于驱动所述箱体。
优选地，所述顶起装置包括顶杆，所述箱体的下侧设置有两个相对的固定孔和固定轴，所述顶杆的端部设置有连接孔；
所述固定轴***所述连接孔和所述固定孔将所述顶起装置和所述箱体连接在一起。
优选地，所述箱体底板的一侧设置有第一转轴27；所述支架的上端面的一侧设置有与所述第一转轴相配合的轴套；
当所述顶起装置顶起所述箱体时，所述箱体沿所述第一转轴转动。
优选地，箱体包括第一侧板、第二侧板和第二转轴；
所述第一侧板的两端分别通过第二转轴与所述箱体的两端相连；
所述第一侧板对应所述第二侧板。
优选地，还包括排水孔，所述排水孔设置在所述箱体的第一侧板和第二侧板上且所述排水孔靠近所述箱体的下部；
其中，设置在所述第一侧板上的排水孔与设置在所述第二侧板上的排水孔在同一轴线上。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下的有益效果：
(1)本发明对垃圾分类要求低，几乎所有生活垃圾均可处理；
(2)本发明自动化程度高，上一工序完成后，根据参数动态监控，可自动进入下一工序，因此运行成本经济，非常符合垃圾处理的无害化、资源化、产业化发展方向；
(3)本发明整个生产***无臭气排放，不会周围环境造成污染；生产过程中反应釜内的高温可以有效杀灭垃圾中的病菌；生产过程中形成的液化水、气体，仅需通过简单的水处理设备和气体净化设备，即可形成可符合国家标准的、可排放的水和气体，不会产生二次污染；
(4)本发明生产得到的生物质燃料燃烧值较高，根据不同的垃圾种类，燃烧值为4500-6500大卡；
(5)本发明生产过程中，碳化混合物通过筛选得到碳化物约为所述碳化混合物的90％，本发明利用垃圾生产生物质燃料粉的利用率远高于现有技术的其他方法，即整个生产过程可以将绝大部分的垃圾转化为碳化物，而只有较少的不含碳成分的物质可以通过筛选排出；
(6)本发明生成的生物质燃料，燃烧后的排放以少量二氧化碳为主，燃烧烟气排放量比普通烟煤低50％-60％；
(7)本发明生成的生物质燃料粉，可以作为碳肥的原料，从而进一步拓宽了垃圾回收利用的用途；
(8)本发明方法的建设项目所需投入资金少，回报快，因为工艺简单，设备也无需复杂装置，所以建设一座年处理垃圾30万吨的垃圾炭化装备和配套生产工厂，约需投入5000万元人民币，回收期约二年，是同等处理量垃圾焚烧厂投资的15％左右；
(9)本发明技术方案合理，设备先进，所需厂房占地面积小，建一座年处理垃圾30万吨的工厂，仅需100亩左右的土地，而建同等处理量的垃圾焚烧厂需400-500亩；
(10)本发明经济、高效地将环保问题与能源问题有机结合，在产业化高度上解决社会环保问题，完全符合国家的政策导向，同时市场需求非常巨大，根据目前的垃圾增长量来看，至少需要建设1000多家30万吨规模的垃圾焚烧厂，使用本技术建设制生物质燃料处理工厂，在2016年前至少可以在国内建设100家左右，所以本项目的实施是对国家环保政策的有力推进，也是对中国梦的践行，具有重要社会意义。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1为本发明的结构示意图；
图2为本发明中反应釜的一种结构示意图；
图3为本发明中反应釜的另一种结构示意图；
图4为本发明中反应箱的一种结构示意图；
图5为本发明中反应箱的另一种结构示意图。
图中：
1 为垃圾存放库或/和垃圾存放坑；
2 为反应箱；
3 为反应釜；
4 为气体存储箱；
5 为气体过滤器；
6 为蒸汽发生器；
7 为液态水存放器；
8 为蓄水池或/和污水管网；
9 为烘干装置；
10 为第一筛选装置；
11 为成型装置；
12 为第一气体排放出口；
13 为安全阀接口；
14 为换气用接口；
15 为压强测试口；
16 为温度测试口；
17 为第二气体排放出口；
18 为第一冷凝物排出口；
19 为第一气体接入口；
20 为第一导轨；
21 为箱体；
22 为支架；
23 为滚轮；
24 为第二导轨；
25 为顶起装置；
26 为轴套；
27 为第一转轴；
28 为第一侧板；
29 为第二转轴；
30 为排水孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明，但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是，对本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于 本发明的保护范围。
在本实施例中，本发明提供的垃圾炭化反应***包括反应釜3、反应箱2以及蒸汽发生器6和控制装置；
其中，所述控制装置连接所述反应釜3，蒸汽发生器6连接反应釜3，所述蒸汽发生器6用于向所述反应釜3提供蒸汽；所述控制装置用于控制所述反应釜3中压强和温度的变化以及反应时间。
所述反应箱2用于放置垃圾，当反应时，将所述反应箱2推入所述反应釜3将垃圾反应生成碳化混合物；当反应完成后，将所述反应箱2从所述反应釜3中拉出。反应釜能够承受的压强大于35bar、温度大于500℃。
其中，在反应釜中，总体反应前1/4-1/3的时间段内，温度的范围为150℃-250℃，压强的范围为：15bar-25bar；总体反应后2/4-1/3的时间段内，温度的范围为200℃-500℃，压强的范围为：20bar-35bar；总体反应中间1/4-1/3的时间段内，温度的范围为150℃-300℃，压强的范围为：18bar-25bar。
所述反应釜3包括釜体和釜盖；所述釜盖用于密封所述釜体；所述釜体上设置有若干个气体接入口、若干个气体排放出口、若干个冷凝物排放口以及若干个温度测试口；
所述釜体内设置有沿所述釜体的长度方向延伸的第一导轨。
本发明提供的垃圾炭化反应***还包括支架；所述支架上侧设置有第二导轨；所述反应箱2的底部设置有与第二导轨支架和第一支架均配合的滚轮。
本发明提供的垃圾炭化反应***还包括烘干装置9、第一筛选装置10以及成型装置11；
其中，所述烘干装置9用于烘干所述碳化混合物；所述第一筛选装置10用于将烘干后碳化混合物中不可燃烧的物质筛选出，从而得到碳化物；
所述成型装置11用于将碳化物加工成设定形状的成型生物质燃料。
本发明提供的垃圾炭化反应***还包括气体存储箱4和/或气体过滤器5；所述气体存储箱4连接第一气体排放出口12和第二气体排放出口17；所述气体过滤器5连接所述气体存储箱4；所述气体存储箱4用于存放反应时生成气体；所述气体过滤器5用于净化所述气体。
本发明提供的垃圾炭化反应***还包括液态水存放器7，所述液态水存放器7连接所述冷凝物排放口，用于存放反应时生成的液体。所述液态水处理装置连接所述液态水存放器7，用于反应时生成的液体的净化处理，进而排入蓄水池或/和污水管网8。
本发明提供的垃圾炭化反应***还包括磁选装置和/或第二筛选装置；所述磁选装置、所述第二筛选装置以及所述反应箱2顺次相邻设置。
所述磁选装置用于将垃圾放入反应箱前去除垃圾中的铁块；所述第二筛选装置用于进一步去除垃圾中的塑料垃圾。
本发明提供的垃圾炭化反应***，还包括固液分离装置和/或干燥装置；所述固液分离装置和所述干燥装置顺次设置在所述第二筛选装置以及所述反应箱2之间；所述固液分离装置用于将去除塑料垃圾的垃圾进一步去除垃圾中的水分；所述干燥装置用于进一步将去除水分的垃圾烘干。
本发明提供的垃圾炭化反应***还包括双螺旋给料机，所述双螺旋给料机设置在所述反应箱2和所述干燥装置之间；
所述双螺旋给料机用于将烘干后的垃圾装入所述反应箱2。多个反应箱2首尾相连在所述反应釜中呈线型排列或多个反应箱2在所述反应釜中并排排列。
所述气体接入口包括第一气体接入口19和第二气体接入口；
其中，第一气体接入口19设置在所述釜体的下侧且靠近所述釜体中间位置；所述第二气体接入口设置在所述釜体的封头端上。
所述冷凝物排放口包括第一冷凝物排放口18和第二冷凝物排放口17；所述冷凝物排放口用于排出釜中冷凝物；其中，所述第一冷凝物排放口18设置在所述釜体的下侧且靠近所述釜体中间位置；所述第二冷凝物排放口17设置在所述釜体的上侧且靠近所述釜体的封门端。
本发明中的垃圾炭化反应釜还包括隔热部，所述隔热部设置在所述釜体的内侧。所述隔热部包括贴合连接的石棉和马口铁；所述马口铁通过所述石棉连接所述釜体。本发明中的垃圾炭化反应釜还包括安全阀和安全阀接口13，所述安全阀通过所述安全阀接口13连接所述釜体。
本发明中的垃圾炭化反应箱还包括顶起装置25，所述顶起装置25设置在所述支架22内侧，所述顶起装置25连接所述箱体21的下侧，所述顶起装置25用于驱动所述箱体。
所述顶起装置5包括顶杆，所述箱体1的下侧设置有两个相对的固定孔和固定轴，所述顶杆的端部设置有连接孔；所述固定轴***所述连接孔和所述固定孔将所述顶起装置25和所述箱体21连接在一起。所述箱体21底板的一侧设置有第一转轴27；所述支架22上端面的一侧设置有与所述第一转轴27相配合的轴套26；当所述顶起装置25顶 起所述箱体21时，所述箱体21沿所述第一转轴7转动。
箱体21包括第一侧板28、第二侧板和第二转轴29；所述第一侧板28的两端分别通过第二转轴29与所述箱体21的两端相连；所述第一侧板28对应所述第二侧板。第一侧板28的下端并不与所述箱体21的底板相连。
本发明中的垃圾炭化反应箱还包括排水孔30，所述排水孔30设置在所述箱体1的第一侧板28和第二侧板上；所述排水孔30靠近所述箱体1的下部；其中，设置在所述第一侧板8上的排水孔30与设置在所述第二侧板上的排水孔10在同一轴线上。
本发明中的垃圾炭化反应箱还包括防漏挡板，所述防漏挡板的两端分别设置在第一侧板28和第二侧板上且与所述排水孔30的孔壁相连；所述防漏挡板与所述箱体21底板间具有空隙。从而防漏挡板可以防止箱体中的产品漏出，但是箱体中水可以从所述空隙中流出。
所述箱体21的两端设置有卡扣。从而可以将多个箱体21通过卡口连接在一起。
当发明中的垃圾炭化反应箱倾倒箱体中的产品时，首先顶起装置25从箱体21的下侧顶起箱体21，箱体21进而沿着第一转轴27向一侧转动，第一侧板28的下端与底板分离，产品从第一侧板28的下端和底板间倒出。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是，本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式，本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变形或修改，这并不影响本发明的实质内容。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，包括反应釜(3)、蒸汽发生器(6)和控制装置；其中，所述控制装置连接所述反应釜(3)，蒸汽发生器(6)连接反应釜(3)，所述蒸汽发生器(6)用于向所述反应釜(3)提供蒸汽，所述反应釜(3)用于将垃圾反应生成碳化混合物；
    所述控制装置用于控制所述反应釜(3)中压强和温度的变化以及反应时间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，所述反应釜(3)包括釜体和釜盖；所述釜盖用于密封所述釜体；所述釜体上设置有气体接入口、气体排放出口、冷凝物排放口、压强测试口以及温度测试口；
    所述釜体内设置有沿所述釜体的长度方向延伸的第一导轨。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括多个反应箱(2)，所述反应箱(2)用于放置垃圾，当反应时，将所述反应箱(2)推入反应釜(3)，当反应完成后，将所述反应箱(2)从所述反应釜(3)中拉出。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括支架；
    所述支架上侧设置有第二导轨；所述反应箱(2)的底部设置有与第二导轨和第一导轨均配合的滚轮。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括烘干装置(9)、第一筛选装置(10)以及成型装置(11)；
    其中，所述烘干装置(9)用于烘干所述碳化混合物；
    所述第一筛选装置(10)用于将烘干后碳化混合物中不可燃烧的物质筛选出，从而得到碳化物；
    所述成型装置(11)用于将碳化物加工成设定形状的成型生物质燃料。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括气体存储箱(4)和/或气体过滤器(5)；
    所述气体存储箱(4)连接所述气体排放出口；所述气体过滤器(5)连接所述气体存储箱(4)；
    所述气体存储箱(4)用于存放反应时生成气体；所述气体过滤器(5)用于净化所述气体。
  7. 根据权利要求2或6所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括液态水存 放器(7)和/或液态水处理装置，所述液态水存放器(7)连接所述冷凝物排放口，用于存放反应时生成的液体；所述液态水处理装置连接所述液态水存放器(7)，用于反应时生成的液体的净化处理。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括磁选装置和/或第二筛选装置；所述磁选装置、所述第二筛选装置以及所述反应箱(2)顺次相邻设置；
    所述磁选装置用于将垃圾放入反应箱前去除垃圾中的铁块；所述第二筛选装置用于进一步去除垃圾中的塑料垃圾。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括固液分离装置和/或干燥装置；所述固液分离装置和所述干燥装置顺次设置在所述第二筛选装置以及所述反应箱(2)之间；
    所述固液分离装置用于将去除塑料垃圾的垃圾进一步去除垃圾中的水分；所述干燥装置用于进一步将去除水分的垃圾烘干。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括双螺旋给料机，所述双螺旋给料机设置在所述反应箱(2)和所述干燥装置之间；
    所述双螺旋给料机用于将烘干后的垃圾装入所述反应箱(2)。
  11. 根据权利要求3所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，多个反应箱(2)首尾相连在所述反应釜中呈线型排列或多个反应箱(2)在所述反应釜中并排排列。
  12. 根据权利要求2所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，所述气体接入口包括第一气体接入口(19)和第二气体接入口；
    其中，第一气体接入口(19)设置在所述釜体的下侧且靠近所述釜体中间位置；所述第二气体接入口设置在所述釜体的封头端上；
    第一气体接入口(19)和第二气体接入口均连接所述蒸汽发生器(6)。
  13. 根据权利要求2所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，所述冷凝物排放口包括第一冷凝物排放口(18)和第二冷凝物排放口；
    其中，所述第一冷凝物排放口(18)设置在所述釜体的下侧且靠近所述釜体中间位置；所述第二冷凝物排放口设置在所述釜体的下侧且靠近所述釜体的封门端；
    第一冷凝物排放口(18)和第二冷凝物排放口(17)均连接所述液态水存放器(7)。
  14. 根据权利要求2所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括隔热部，所述隔热部设置在所述釜体的外侧。
  15. 根据权利要求2所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括安全阀和安全 阀接口(13)，所述安全阀通过所述安全阀接口(13)连接所述釜体。
  16. 根据权利要求4所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括顶起装置(25)，所述顶起装置(25)设置在所述支架(22)内侧，所述顶起装置(25)连接所述箱体(21)的下侧，用于驱动所述箱体(21)。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，所述顶起装置(25)包括顶杆，所述箱体的下侧设置有两个相对的固定孔和固定轴，所述顶杆的端部设置有连接孔；
    所述固定轴***所述连接孔和所述固定孔将所述顶起装置(25)和所述箱体(21)连接在一起。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，所述箱体底板的一侧设置有第一转轴(27)；所述支架的上端面的一侧设置有与所述第一转轴相配合的轴套(26)；
    当所述顶起装置(25)顶起所述箱体(21)时，所述箱体沿所述第一转轴(27)转动。
  19. 根据权利要求4所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，箱体包括第一侧板(28)、第二侧板和第二转轴(29)；
    所述第一侧板(28)的两端分别通过第二转轴(29)与所述箱体(21)的两端相连；
    所述第一侧板(28)对应所述第二侧板。
  20. 根据权利要求4所述的垃圾炭化反应***，其特征在于，还包括排水孔(30)，所述排水孔(30)设置在所述箱体(21)的第一侧板和第二侧板上且所述排水孔(30)靠近所述箱体的下部；
    其中，设置在所述第一侧板(28)上的排水孔与设置在所述第二侧板上的排水孔在同一轴线上。
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