WO2016049856A1 - 一种并网逆变器安全检测装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种并网逆变器安全检测装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016049856A1
WO2016049856A1 PCT/CN2014/087957 CN2014087957W WO2016049856A1 WO 2016049856 A1 WO2016049856 A1 WO 2016049856A1 CN 2014087957 W CN2014087957 W CN 2014087957W WO 2016049856 A1 WO2016049856 A1 WO 2016049856A1
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Prior art keywords
voltage
resistor
inverter
power grid
phase
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PCT/CN2014/087957
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
耿后来
徐清清
邢军
李浩源
梅晓东
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阳光电源股份有限公司
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Priority to CN201480079926.2A priority Critical patent/CN106463967B/zh
Priority to US15/502,396 priority patent/US10505370B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2014/087957 priority patent/WO2016049856A1/zh
Priority to JP2017510326A priority patent/JP6438117B2/ja
Priority to EP14903429.0A priority patent/EP3203597B1/en
Publication of WO2016049856A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016049856A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • G01R31/42—AC power supplies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/16—Measuring impedance of element or network through which a current is passing from another source, e.g. cable, power line
    • G01R27/18—Measuring resistance to earth, i.e. line to ground
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/34—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/34—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system
    • H02H3/353—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors of a three-phase system involving comparison of phase voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30—Electrical components
    • H02S40/34—Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00—Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • H02S50/10—Testing of PV devices, e.g. of PV modules or single PV cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
    • H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
    • H02H3/332—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers with means responsive to dc component in the fault current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device and method.
  • photovoltaic panels convert light energy into electrical energy. Since the electric energy outputted by the photovoltaic panel is direct current, it is necessary to use a converter to invert the direct current into an alternating current feedback to the power grid. This process is called grid connection.
  • the method for detecting the insulation of the AC grid on the output side of the inverter is to introduce a potential from the DC side, introduce the current into the AC through a resistor, and collect a signal related to the AC side to calculate the insulation condition of the AC side.
  • This method is complicated both in hardware and software.
  • the invention provides a grid-connected inverter safety detecting method and device, which can detect the insulation condition of the AC side of the inverter output end, and the implementation manner is simple.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device, which is applied to a photovoltaic inverter system, and the system comprises: a PV array, an inverter, a three-phase switch, a three-phase power grid, and a resistor; the resistor includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor; an output end of the PV array is connected to an input end of the inverter; an output end of the inverter is respectively connected through the three-phase switch a first end of the three-phase power grid; the three-phase switch is in an open state; the second ends of the three-phase power grid are connected together as an N point; and the N point is connected to the PV through the fourth resistor a negative output end of the array; the first end of the three-phase power grid is connected to the negative output end of the PV array through the first resistor, the second resistor and the third resistor respectively;
  • the device comprises: a voltage detection circuit, a filter circuit, a comparison circuit and a controller;
  • the voltage detecting circuit is configured to detect a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of any phase of the three-phase power grid and the ground;
  • the filter circuit is configured to filter an alternating component in a voltage detected by the voltage detecting circuit, and retain a voltage of a direct current component;
  • the comparison circuit is configured to compare the voltage of the DC component with a preset voltage value, and send the comparison result to the controller;
  • the controller is configured to determine, according to the comparison result, that the AC side insulation of the inverter output end is normal, and vice versa, determine that the insulation is abnormal.
  • the predetermined voltage value is related to a voltage of the negative output of the PV array to ground.
  • the filter circuit is one of a low pass filter, an average value filter, an integrator or a band stop filter.
  • the suppression battery assembly PID circuit includes a first switch and an equivalent device connected in series; the equivalent device includes at least one of: a fuse, a resistor, a diode, a battery panel, and a switching power supply;
  • the negative output end of the PV array is grounded through the suppression battery assembly PID circuit
  • the first switch is turned off when the voltage detecting circuit detects a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of any phase of the three-phase power grid and the ground.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device, which is applied to a photovoltaic inverter system, the system comprises: a PV array, an inverter, a switch, a single-phase power grid, and a resistor; the resistor includes: a phase resistance and an N-line resistance; an output end of the PV array is connected to an input end of the inverter; an output end of the inverter is respectively connected to a first end of the single-phase power grid through the switch;
  • the switch is in an open state; the second end of the single-phase power grid serves as an N point; the N point is connected to the negative output end of the PV array through the N-wire resistor; the first end of the single-phase power grid passes The single phase resistor is coupled to the negative output of the PV array;
  • the device comprises: a voltage detection circuit, a filter circuit, a comparison circuit and a controller;
  • the voltage detecting circuit is configured to detect a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of the single phase power grid and the ground;
  • the filter circuit is configured to filter out an alternating component in a voltage detected by the voltage detecting circuit, and protect The voltage of the DC component;
  • the comparison circuit is configured to compare the voltage of the DC component with a preset voltage value, and send the comparison result to the controller;
  • the controller is configured to determine, according to the comparison result, that the AC side insulation of the inverter output end is normal, and vice versa, determine that the insulation is abnormal.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device, which is applied to a photovoltaic inverter system, the system comprises: a PV array, an inverter, a three-phase switch, a three-phase power grid, and a resistor; a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor; an output end of the PV array is connected to an input end of the inverter; and an output end of the inverter is respectively passed through the three-phase switch Connecting the first end of the three-phase power grid; the three-phase switch is in an open state; the second ends of the three-phase power grid are connected together as an N point; and the N point is connected by the fourth resistor a negative output end of the PV array; a first end of the three-phase power grid is connected to a negative output end of the PV array through the first resistor, the second resistor, and the third resistor, respectively;
  • the device comprises: a voltage detecting circuit, an AD converter and a controller;
  • the voltage detecting circuit is configured to detect a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of any phase of the three-phase power grid and the ground;
  • the AD converter is configured to convert a voltage detected by the voltage detecting circuit into a voltage of a digital signal
  • the controller is configured to filter an alternating current component of the voltage of the digital signal, retain a voltage of the direct current component, determine whether the voltage of the direct current component is greater than a preset voltage value, and if yes, determine an output of the inverter
  • the insulation on the AC side is normal, otherwise the insulation is abnormal.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device, which is applied to a photovoltaic inverter system, the system comprises: a PV array, an inverter, a switch, a single-phase power grid, and a resistor; the resistor includes: a phase resistance and an N-line resistance; an output end of the PV array is connected to an input end of the inverter; an output end of the inverter is respectively connected to a first end of the single-phase power grid through the switch;
  • the switch is in an open state; the second end of the single-phase power grid serves as an N point; the N point is connected to the negative output end of the PV array through the N-wire resistor; the first end of the single-phase power grid passes The single phase resistor is coupled to the negative output of the PV array;
  • the device comprises: a voltage detection circuit, an AD converter, a filter circuit, a comparison circuit and a controller;
  • the voltage detecting circuit is configured to detect a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of the single phase power grid and the ground;
  • the AD converter is configured to convert a voltage detected by the voltage detecting circuit into a voltage of a digital signal
  • the controller is configured to filter an alternating current component of the voltage of the digital signal, retain a voltage of the direct current component, determine whether the voltage of the direct current component is greater than a preset voltage value, and if yes, determine an output of the inverter
  • the insulation on the AC side is normal, otherwise the insulation is abnormal.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a grid-connected inverter safety detection method, which is applied to a photovoltaic inverter system, and includes:
  • the photovoltaic inverter system When the photovoltaic inverter system is a three-phase system, detecting a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of any phase of the three-phase power grid and the ground; when the photovoltaic inverter system is a single phase In the system, detecting a voltage between the N point and the ground, or detecting a first end of the single-phase power grid and the ground; the first end of the three-phase power grid or the single-phase power grid is an end connected to the output end of the inverter;
  • the predetermined voltage value is related to a voltage of the negative output of the PV array to ground.
  • the filtering of the alternating component in the voltage of the digital signal, leaving the direct current component specifically: by low pass filtering, average filtering, integrator or band rejection filter.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the grid-connected inverter safety detecting device can use the detected voltage detecting circuit, the filtering circuit, the comparing circuit and the controller to determine whether the insulation on the AC side is normal, which can be implemented in hardware and realized. simple. By detecting the voltage of the first end of the power grid or the ground point of the N point to the ground, it can be judged whether the AC side is well insulated from the ground.
  • the hardware is simple to implement and low in cost.
  • the comparator outputs 1 and the controller determines that the insulation is normal.
  • the comparator outputs 0, and the controller determines that the insulation is abnormal. It should be noted that the comparator output is 1 or 0, and only represents a level logic state.
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 1a is an equivalent circuit diagram of the detection corresponding to FIG. 1 provided by the present invention.
  • Embodiment 2 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device provided by the present invention
  • Embodiment 3 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device provided by the present invention
  • Embodiment 4 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device provided by the present invention.
  • Embodiment 5 is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 5 of a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of Embodiment 1 of a method for detecting safety of a grid-connected inverter provided by the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device provided by the present invention.
  • the grid-connected inverter safety detecting device is applied to a photovoltaic inverter system, and the system includes: a PV array 100, an inverter Inv, a three-phase switch (Kr, Ks, Kt), and a three-phase power grid ( Vr, Vs, Vt), the resistor; the resistor comprises: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4;
  • An output end of the PV array 100 is connected to an input end of the inverter Inv; an output end of the inverter Inv is respectively connected to the three-phase power network through the three-phase switch (Kr, Ks, Kt) a first end of Vr, Vs, Vt); the three-phase switch (Kr, Ks, Kt) is in an off state;
  • the second ends of the power grids (Vr, Vs, Vt) are connected together as an N point; the N points are connected to the negative output end of the PV array through the fourth resistor R4;
  • the three-phase power grid (Vr, Vs, The first end of Vt) is connected to the negative output end of the PV array through the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3, respectively;
  • R1-R4 are only schematic resistors. In actual implementation, multiple resistors may be connected in series, or multiple resistors may be connected in series and in parallel.
  • R1-R4 can be the equivalent resistance of the sampling resistor, or it can be an external resistor. The resistance of R1-R4 is known.
  • the three-phase power grid 500 can be an independent power grid or a power grid after isolation.
  • the first ends of the three-phase grid are r, s and t, respectively.
  • the insulation condition of the AC side to be measured by the present invention is achieved by measuring the voltage between r, s, t or N and ground GND.
  • Figure 1 shows that the resistances between r, s, t, and N and ground are Rrx, Rsx, Rtx, and Rnx, respectively; these resistors are not actually present, but are equivalent resistors, and their resistance values reflect three phases. The insulation of the grid.
  • the device includes: a voltage detecting circuit 700, a filter circuit 800, a comparison circuit 900, and a controller 1000;
  • the voltage detecting circuit 700 is configured to detect a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of any phase of the three-phase power grid and the ground;
  • the filter circuit 800 is configured to filter out an alternating component in a voltage detected by the voltage detecting circuit, and retain a voltage of a direct current component;
  • the voltage of the remaining DC component is the same for r, s, t and N, therefore, detecting the voltage of the N point to the ground, or any of the three phase grids
  • the voltage at the first end of the phase is the same as the voltage at ground.
  • the comparison circuit 900 is configured to compare the voltage of the DC component with a preset voltage value, and send the comparison result to the controller 1000;
  • the comparison circuit 900 can be realized by a comparator.
  • One input terminal of the comparator is connected to the voltage of the DC component, and the other input terminal of the comparator is connected to the preset voltage value, so that the comparator will The voltage is inverted according to the magnitude of the voltage of the DC component, and a digital signal of 0 or 1 is output to the controller 1000.
  • the controller 1000 is configured to determine, according to the comparison result, that the AC side of the output end of the inverter Inv is normal, and vice versa.
  • the comparator when the voltage of the DC component is greater than the preset voltage value, the comparator outputs 1 and the controller determines that the insulation is normal. When the voltage of the DC component is less than the preset voltage value, the comparator outputs 0, and the controller determines that the insulation is abnormal.
  • the grid-connected inverter safety detecting device provided by the embodiment of the invention can detect whether the insulation on the AC side is normal or not by hardware using the detected voltage detecting circuit 700, the filtering circuit 800, the comparing circuit 900 and the controller 1000. Simple and easy to implement. By detecting the voltages of r, s, t, and N to ground, it can be judged whether the AC side is well insulated from the ground.
  • FIG. 1a is an equivalent circuit diagram of FIG.
  • the PV+'s positive output PV+ has ground resistance to the earth, and of course there are some other resistors, such as the resistance to the ground side of the DC side by means of a resistor divider. At this point, the resistor may be connected between PV+ and ground.
  • the PV+ and the earth resistance are equivalent to Reqp.
  • PV array's negative output PV-to earth also has ground resistance, of course, there are some other resistors, such as the resistance to the ground side of the DC side through the resistor divider method, which may connect the resistor between PV- and ground. All PV- and earth-to-ground resistances are equivalent to Reqn.
  • Reqp and Reqn are divided between PV+ and PV-, so as long as Reqn is not 0, PV- and ground are equivalent to a voltage source VPVNG.
  • N points to the earth or r point to the earth, or s point to the earth, or the voltage between the point t and the earth is a DC source and an AC source, and the AC source signal is filtered by collecting the DC source and the AC source signal.
  • the DC signal is divided by the resistor, but R1, R2, R3, and R4 are known.
  • the values of Rrx, Rsx, Rtx, and Rnx are very small, the voltage of the DC component obtained by the voltage division is also very small. Therefore, the insulation value of the AC side can be judged by detecting this voltage value.
  • FIG. 2 the figure is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of a safety detecting device for a grid-connected inverter provided by the present invention.
  • the preset voltage value is related to the voltage of the negative output terminal of the PV array to the ground, for example, the voltage of the negative output terminal of the PV array to the ground is represented by VPVNG.
  • the three-phase switch needs to be disconnected first, and it is first tested whether the DC side is well insulated to the ground. When the DC side is well insulated to the ground, it is detected whether the AC side is good to the ground.
  • VPVNG can be obtained by detecting the insulation of the DC side to the ground.
  • the function of the filter circuit is to filter out the voltage of the AC component and preserve the voltage of the DC component. Therefore, the filter circuit can be implemented by the following devices: a low pass filter, an average filter, an integrator or a band One of the blocking filters.
  • the function of the band rejection filter is to filter the AC signal.
  • the voltage detected by the voltage detecting circuit is a voltage superposed by the alternating current voltage and the direct current voltage.
  • the voltage detecting circuit can be implemented by using a voltage sensor, or can be realized by using a voltage dividing resistor circuit for cost reduction.
  • the apparatus provided in this embodiment may further include: a battery intrusion degradation (PID) circuit;
  • PID battery intrusion degradation
  • the suppression battery assembly PID circuit includes a first switch K1 and an equivalent device Z connected in series; the equivalent device Z includes at least one of: a fuse, a resistor, a diode, a battery panel, and a switching power supply;
  • the negative output end of the PV array is grounded through the suppression battery assembly PID circuit
  • the first switch K1 is turned off when the voltage detecting circuit detects a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of any phase of the three-phase power grid and the ground.
  • the first embodiment and the second embodiment of the above device are introduced by taking a three-phase power grid as an example.
  • the following describes the implementation mode of the single-phase power grid similar to the three-phase power grid, and the working principle is the same.
  • FIG. 3 it is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of a safety detecting device for a grid-connected inverter provided by the present invention.
  • the grid-connected inverter safety detecting device is applied to a photovoltaic inverter system, and the system includes: a PV array 100, an inverter Inv, a switch (KL, Kn), a single-phase power grid Vg, and a resistor;
  • the resistor includes: a resistor RL and a resistor Rn; an output end of the PV array 100 is connected to an input end of the inverter Inv; and an output end of the inverter Inv is respectively connected through the switch (KL, Kn) a first end of the single-phase power grid Vg; the switch (KL, Kn) is in an open state; a second end of the single-phase power grid Vg is an N point; and the N point is connected through the N-wire resistor Rn a negative output end of the PV array 100; a first end of the single-phase power grid Vg is connected to a negative output end of the PV array 100 through the single-phase resistor RL; Rn, RL may be an
  • the single-phase power grid 500 can be an independent power grid or a power grid after isolation.
  • the device includes: a voltage detecting circuit 700, a filter circuit 800, a comparison circuit 900, and a controller 1000;
  • the voltage detecting circuit 700 is configured to detect a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of the single phase power grid and the ground;
  • the filter circuit 800 is configured to filter out an alternating component in a voltage detected by the voltage detecting circuit, and retain a voltage of a direct current component;
  • the comparison circuit 900 is configured to compare the voltage of the DC component with a preset voltage value, and send the comparison result to the controller 1000;
  • the controller 1000 is configured to determine, according to the comparison result, that the AC side insulation of the inverter output end is normal, and vice versa, determine that the insulation is abnormal.
  • the grid-connected inverter safety detecting device provided by the embodiment of the invention is applicable to a single-phase power grid, and the detected voltage detecting circuit 700, the filter circuit 800, the comparison circuit 900 and the controller 1000 can be used to determine the insulation of the AC side. Whether it is normal, the hardware implementation is simple, and the implementation is simple. By detecting the voltages of r, s, t, and N to ground, it can be judged whether the AC side is well insulated from the ground.
  • the device embodiments one to three are all filtered and compared by actual hardware.
  • FIG. 4 it is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device provided by the present invention.
  • the controller receives the digital signal that is already output by the comparison circuit, and therefore, an AD converter is not required.
  • the AD converter is required to convert the voltage detected by the voltage detecting circuit to the digital signal into a voltage of the digital signal.
  • the grid-connected inverter safety detecting device is applied to a photovoltaic inverter system, and the system includes: a PV array 100, an inverter Inv, a three-phase switch (Kr, Ks, Kt), and a three-phase power grid ( Vr, Vs, Vt), the resistor; the resistor comprises: a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3 and a fourth resistor R4;
  • An output end of the PV array 100 is connected to an input end of the inverter Inv; an output end of the inverter Inv is respectively connected to the three-phase power network through the three-phase switch (Kr, Ks, Kt) a first end of Vr, Vs, Vt); the three-phase switch (Kr, Ks, Kt) is in an open state; the second ends of the three-phase power grid (Vr, Vs, Vt) are connected together as an N point The N point is connected to the negative output end of the PV array through the fourth resistor R4; the first end of the three-phase power grid (Vr, Vs, Vt) passes through the first resistor R1 and the second resistor respectively R2 and a third resistor R3 are connected to the negative output end of the PV array;
  • the device includes: a voltage detecting circuit 700, an AD converter 1100, and a controller 1000;
  • the voltage detecting circuit 700 is configured to detect a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of any phase of the three-phase power grid and the ground;
  • the AD converter 1100 is configured to convert a voltage detected by the voltage detecting circuit 700 into a voltage of a digital signal
  • the controller 1000 is configured to filter an alternating current component of the voltage of the digital signal, retain a voltage of the direct current component, determine whether the voltage of the direct current component is greater than a preset voltage value, and if yes, determine an inverter output The insulation on the AC side of the terminal is normal, otherwise the insulation is abnormal.
  • the difference between the device provided in this embodiment and the first embodiment is that the controller 1000 itself is used for filtering and comparison.
  • the hardware is simpler than the device embodiment 1 except that the controller 1000 needs to implement filtering and internal processing. Comparison.
  • the device provided in this embodiment may also include a circuit for suppressing the battery component PID; as shown in FIG. 3, the working principle is the same as that in FIG. 2, and details are not described herein again.
  • the preset voltage value is related to the voltage of the negative output terminal of the PV array to the ground, for example, the voltage of the negative output terminal of the PV array to the ground is represented by VPVNG.
  • the filter circuit can be implemented by one of a low pass filter, an average value filter, an integrator or a band stop filter.
  • FIG. 5 the figure is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 5 of a grid-connected inverter safety detecting device provided by the present invention.
  • the fourth embodiment of the device is introduced as an example of a three-phase power grid.
  • the following describes the implementation of a single-phase power grid similar to the three-phase power grid, and the working principle is the same.
  • the grid-connected inverter safety detecting device is applied to a photovoltaic inverter system, and the system includes: a PV array 100, an inverter Inv, a switch (KL, Kn), a single-phase power grid Vg, and a resistor;
  • the resistor includes: a single-phase resistor RL and an N-line resistor Rn; an output end of the PV array 100 is connected to an input end of the inverter Inv; an output end of the inverter Inv passes through the switch (KL, Kn) respectively connected to the first end of the single-phase power grid Vg; the switch (KL, Kn) is in an off state; the second end of the single-phase power grid Vg is an N point; the N point passes the N a line resistance Rn is connected to the negative output end of the PV array 100; a first end of the single-phase power grid Vg is connected to a negative output end of the PV array 100 through the single-phase resistor RL;
  • the device includes: a voltage detecting circuit 700, an AD converter 1100, and a controller 1000;
  • the voltage detecting circuit 700 is configured to detect a voltage between the N point and the ground, or between the first end of any phase of the three-phase power grid and the ground;
  • the AD converter 1100 is configured to convert a voltage detected by the voltage detecting circuit 700 into a voltage of a digital signal
  • the controller 1000 is configured to filter out an alternating component in a voltage of the digital signal, and keep the straight The voltage of the flow component; determining whether the voltage of the DC component is greater than a preset voltage value, and if so, determining that the AC side insulation of the inverter output is normal, and vice versa, determining that the insulation is abnormal.
  • controller 1000 itself is used for filtering and comparison, which is simpler than the third embodiment of the device, but only needs to be implemented inside the controller 1000. Comparison.
  • the device provided in this embodiment may also include a circuit for suppressing the battery component PID; as shown in FIG. 3, the working principle is the same as that in FIG. 2, and details are not described herein again.
  • the preset voltage value is related to the voltage of the negative output terminal of the PV array to the ground, for example, the voltage of the negative output terminal of the PV array to the ground is represented by VPVNG.
  • the filter circuit can be implemented by one of a low pass filter, an average value filter, an integrator or a band stop filter.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a grid-connected inverter safety detecting method, which is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of Embodiment 1 of a method for detecting safety of a grid-connected inverter provided by the present invention.
  • the detection method is the same for both the three-phase grid and the single-phase grid, and therefore, the method provided by the embodiment is also applicable to the three-phase grid and the single-phase grid.
  • the grid-connected inverter safety detection method provided in this embodiment is applied to a photovoltaic inverter system, and includes:
  • S601 when the photovoltaic inverter system is a three-phase system, detecting a voltage between a first point of any phase between N point and ground, or a three-phase power grid; and when the photovoltaic inverter system is In a single-phase system, detecting the voltage between the N point and the ground, or detecting the first end of the single-phase power grid and the ground; the first end of the three-phase power grid or the single-phase power grid is the end connected to the output end of the inverter ;
  • S603 filtering out an alternating current component in a voltage of the digital signal, and retaining a voltage of a direct current component
  • the voltage of the remaining DC component is the same for r, s, t, and N. Therefore, the voltage of the N point to the ground is detected. Or the voltage at the first end of either phase of either phase of the three-phase grid is the same as the ground.
  • S604 Determine whether the voltage of the DC component is greater than a preset voltage value. If yes, determine that the AC side insulation of the inverter output is normal, and vice versa.
  • the comparator when the voltage of the DC component is greater than the preset voltage value, the comparator outputs 1 and the controller determines that the insulation is normal. When the voltage of the DC component is less than the preset voltage value, the comparator outputs 0, and the controller determines that the insulation is abnormal.
  • the method for detecting the safety of the grid-connected inverter detects the AC component in the detection voltage by detecting the voltage between the first end of the grid and the ground, and retains the voltage of the DC component by passing the voltage of the DC component Compared with the preset voltage value, it can be judged whether the insulation on the AC side is normal, the detection and judgment process is detected, and it is easy to implement.
  • the predetermined voltage value is related to a voltage at a negative output of the PV array to ground.
  • the voltage at the negative output of the PV array to ground can be known in advance.
  • the filtering removes the alternating current component of the voltage of the digital signal, and retains the direct current component, specifically: by low pass filtering, average filtering, or integral filtering.

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Abstract

一种并网逆变器安全检测装置，应用于光伏逆变***中，该装置包括：电压检测电路、滤波电路、比较电路和控制器；电压检测电路，用于检测N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；滤波电路，用于滤除电压检测电路检测的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；比较电路，用于将直流成分的电压与预设电压值进行比较，将比较结果发送给控制器；控制器，用于根据比较结果判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。在硬件上使用检测的电压检测电路、滤波电路、比较电路和控制器就可以判断出交流侧的绝缘是否正常，硬件实现简单，并且实现简单。通过检测r、s、t和N对地的电压便可以判断交流侧对地是否绝缘性良好。

Description

一种并网逆变器安全检测装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种光伏发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种并网逆变器安全检测装置及方法。
背景技术
随着世界能源的紧缺，现在很多区域利用太阳能发电，又称为光伏发电。
在太阳能发电***中，光伏板将光能转换为电能。由于光伏板输出的电能为直流电，因此，需要利用变换器将直流电逆变为交流电反馈给电网，此过程称为并网。
为了保证逆变器运行时的安全可靠性，需要对逆变器输出侧的交流电网的绝缘能力是否满足要求进行检测。
现有技术中，对逆变器输出侧的交流电网绝缘情况进行检测方法是，从直流侧引入电势，通过电阻引入到交流，并采集交流侧相关的信号进行计算，判断交流侧的绝缘情况，这种方法无论是硬件还是软件都比较复杂。
因此，本领域技术人员提供一种并网逆变器安全检测方法及装置，能够检测逆变器输出端的交流侧的绝缘情况，而且实现方式简单。
发明内容
本发明提供一种并网逆变器安全检测方法及装置，能够检测逆变器输出端的交流侧的绝缘情况，而且实现方式简单。
本发明实施例提供一种并网逆变器安全检测装置，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列、逆变器、三相开关、三相电网、电阻；所述电阻包括：第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻和第四电阻；所述PV阵列的输出端连接所述逆变器的输入端；所述逆变器的输出端分别通过所述三相开关分别连接所述三相电网的第一端；所述三相开关处于断开状态；所述三相电网的第二端连接在一起作为N点；所述N点通过所述第四电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；所述三相电网的第一端分别通过所述第一电阻、第二电阻和第三电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；
该装置包括：电压检测电路、滤波电路、比较电路和控制器；
所述电压检测电路，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；
所述滤波电路，用于滤除所述电压检测电路检测的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；
所述比较电路，用于将所述直流成分的电压与预设电压值进行比较，将比较结果发送给所述控制器；
所述控制器，用于根据所述比较结果判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
优选地，所述预设电压值与所述PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压相关。
优选地，所述滤波电路为低通滤波器、平均值滤波器、积分器或带阻滤波器中的一种。
优选地，还包括抑制电池组件PID电路；
所述抑制电池组件PID电路包括串联的第一开关和等效器件；所述等效器件包括以下中的至少一种：熔丝、电阻、二极管、电池板和开关电源；
所述PV阵列的负输出端通过所述抑制电池组件PID电路接地；
所述电压检测电路检测所述N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压时，所述第一开关断开。
本发明实施例还提供一种并网逆变器安全检测装置，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列、逆变器、开关、单相电网、电阻；所述电阻包括：单相电阻和N线电阻；所述PV阵列的输出端连接所述逆变器的输入端；所述逆变器的输出端分别通过所述开关分别连接所述单相电网的第一端；所述开关处于断开状态；所述单相电网的第二端作为N点；所述N点通过所述N线电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；所述单相电网的第一端通过所述单相电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；
该装置包括：电压检测电路、滤波电路、比较电路和控制器；
所述电压检测电路，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或单相电网的第一端与地之间的电压；
所述滤波电路，用于滤除所述电压检测电路检测的电压中的交流成分，保 留直流成分的电压；
所述比较电路，用于将所述直流成分的电压与预设电压值进行比较，将比较结果发送给所述控制器；
所述控制器，用于根据所述比较结果判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
本发明实施例还提供一种并网逆变器安全检测装置，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列、逆变器、三相开关、三相电网、电阻；所述电阻包括：第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻和第四电阻；所述PV阵列的输出端连接所述逆变器的输入端；所述逆变器的输出端分别通过所述三相开关分别连接所述三相电网的第一端；所述三相开关处于断开状态；所述三相电网的第二端连接在一起作为N点；所述N点通过所述第四电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；所述三相电网的第一端分别通过所述第一电阻、第二电阻和第三电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；
该装置包括：电压检测电路、AD转换器和控制器；
所述电压检测电路，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；
所述AD转换器，用于将所述电压检测电路检测的电压转换为数字信号的电压；
所述控制器，用于滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；判断所述直流成分的电压是否大于预设电压值，如果是，则判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
本发明实施例还提供一种并网逆变器安全检测装置，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列、逆变器、开关、单相电网、电阻；所述电阻包括：单相电阻和N线电阻；所述PV阵列的输出端连接所述逆变器的输入端；所述逆变器的输出端分别通过所述开关分别连接所述单相电网的第一端；所述开关处于断开状态；所述单相电网的第二端作为N点；所述N点通过所述N线电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；所述单相电网的第一端通过所述单相电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；
该装置包括：电压检测电路、AD转换器、滤波电路、比较电路和控制器；
所述电压检测电路，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或单相电网的第一端与地之间的电压；
所述AD转换器，用于将所述电压检测电路检测的电压转换为数字信号的电压；
所述控制器，用于滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；判断所述直流成分的电压是否大于预设电压值，如果是，则判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
本发明实施例还提供一种并网逆变器安全检测方法，应用于光伏逆变***中，包括：
当所述光伏逆变***为三相***时，检测N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；当所述光伏逆变***为单相***时，检测N点与地之间、或检测单相电网的第一端与地之间的电压；所述三相电网或单相电网的第一端为连接逆变器输出端的一端；
将检测的电压转换为数字信号；
滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；
判断所述直流成分的电压是否大于预设电压值，如果是，则判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
优选地，所述预设电压值与所述PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压相关。
优选地，所述滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分，具体为：通过低通滤波、平均值滤波、积分器或带阻滤波器来实现。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
本发明实施例提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置，在硬件上使用检测的电压检测电路、滤波电路、比较电路和控制器就可以判断出交流侧的绝缘是否正常，可以硬件实现，并且实现简单。通过检测电网的第一端或N点对地的电压便可以判断交流侧对地是否绝缘性良好。硬件上实现上简单，成本低。当直流成分的电压大于所述预设电压值时，比较器会输出1，此时控制器判断绝缘正常。当直流成分的电压小于所述预设电压值时，比较器输出0，此时控制器判断绝缘异常。需要说明的是，比较器输出为1或者0，仅仅表示的是一种电平的逻辑状态。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置实施例一示意图；
图1a是本发明提供的图1对应的检测时的等效电路图；
图2是本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置实施例二示意图；
图3是本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置实施例三示意图；
图4是本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置实施例四示意图；
图5是本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置实施例五示意图；
图6是本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测方法实施例一流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
装置实施例一：
参见图1，该图为本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置实施例一示意图。
本实施例提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列100、逆变器Inv、三相开关(Kr、Ks、Kt)、三相电网(Vr、Vs、Vt)、电阻；所述电阻包括：第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4；
所述PV阵列100的输出端连接所述逆变器Inv的输入端；所述逆变器Inv的输出端分别通过所述三相开关(Kr、Ks、Kt)分别连接所述三相电网(Vr、Vs、Vt)的第一端；所述三相开关(Kr、Ks、Kt)处于断开状态；所述三相 电网(Vr、Vs、Vt)的第二端连接在一起作为N点；所述N点通过所述第四电阻R4连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；所述三相电网(Vr、Vs、Vt)的第一端分别通过所述第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2和第三电阻R3连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；
需要说明的是，R1-R4仅是示意的电阻，实际实现时，可能是多个电阻串联的，或者多个电阻串联并联混合的。R1-R4可以为采样电阻的等效电阻，也可以为外接的电阻，R1-R4的阻值是已知的。
需要说明的是，三相电网500可以为独立的电网，也可以为经过隔离以后的电网。
另外，400中逆变器的输出端和三相开关之间还串接有电抗。
三相电网的第一端分别为r、s和t。从图1中可以看出，本发明需要测量的交流侧的绝缘情况是通过测量r、s、t或N与地GND之间的电压实现的。
图1中示出了r、s、t和N与地之间的电阻分别为Rrx，Rsx，Rtx，Rnx；这几个电阻不是实际存在的，而是等效电阻，其阻值反映三相电网的绝缘情况。
该装置包括：电压检测电路700、滤波电路800、比较电路900和控制器1000；
所述电压检测电路700，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；
所述滤波电路800，用于滤除所述电压检测电路检测的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；
可以理解的是，当滤除交流成分以后，剩下的直流成分的电压对于r、s、t和N来说是相同的，因此，检测N点对地的电压，或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地的电压结果是相同的。
所述比较电路900，用于将所述直流成分的电压与预设电压值进行比较，将比较结果发送给所述控制器1000；
需要说明的是，比较电路900实际中可以通过比较器来实现，比较器的一个输入端连接所述直流成分的电压，比较器的另一个输入端连接所述预设电压值，这样比较器会根据直流成分的电压的大小来翻转，进而输出0或1的数字信号给所述控制器1000。
所述控制器1000，用于根据所述比较结果判断逆变器Inv输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
可以理解的是，当交流侧绝缘正常时，r、s、t和N与地之间均存在直流电压，并且该直流电压会大于预设电压值。但是，当交流侧绝缘异常时，r、s、t和N与地之间的直流电压可能会很小甚至会为0，因此该直流电压会小于预设电压值。
例如，当直流成分的电压大于所述预设电压值时，比较器会输出1，此时控制器判断绝缘正常。当直流成分的电压小于所述预设电压值时，比较器输出0，此时控制器判断绝缘异常。
本发明实施例提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置，在硬件上使用检测的电压检测电路700、滤波电路800、比较电路900和控制器1000就可以判断出交流侧的绝缘是否正常，硬件实现简单，并且实现简单。通过检测r、s、t和N对地的电压便可以判断交流侧对地是否绝缘性良好。
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本实施例提供的技术方案，下面结合图1对应的等效电路图来分析，参见图1a，该图为图1对应的检测绝缘时的等效电路图。
PV阵列的正输出端PV+对大地有对地电阻，当然还有一些其他电阻，例如通过电阻分压方式测试直流侧的对地阻抗，此时可能会在PV+与大地之间连接电阻，然而所有的PV+与大地间电阻均等效为Reqp。PV阵列的负输出端PV-对大地也存在对地电阻，当然还有一些其他电阻，例如通过电阻分压方式测试直流侧的对地阻抗，此时可能会在PV-与大地之间连接电阻，所有的PV-与大地间电阻都等效为Reqn。
在PV+和PV-之间Reqp与Reqn进行分压，故只要Reqn不为0，则PV-与大地之间会等效一个电压源VPVNG。则N点对大地或r点对大地，或s点对大地，或t点对大地间的电压为一个直流源和一个交流源，通过采集此直流源和交流源信号，将交流源信号滤除，则剩下为直流信号通过电阻分压，然而R1，R2，R3，R4已知，则当Rrx，Rsx，Rtx，Rnx的值非常小，则通过分压获得的直流成分的电压也非常小，故检测此电压值即可判断交流侧的绝缘性。
装置实施例二：
参见图2，该图为本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置实施例二示意图。
需要说明的是，所述预设电压值与所述PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压相关，例如，用VPVNG表示PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压。
可以理解的是，实际检测过程中，需要首先断开三相开关，先检测直流侧对地是否绝缘性良好，当直流侧对地绝缘性良好时，才检测交流侧是否对地良好。
通过直流侧对地绝缘性的检测便可以获得VPVNG。
可以理解的是，所述滤波电路的功能为滤除交流成分的电压，保留直流成分的电压，因此，滤波电路可以由以下器件来实现：低通滤波器、平均值滤波器、积分器或带阻滤波器中的一种。
需要说明的是，带阻滤波器的作用是将交流信号进行滤除。
电压检测电路检测的电压是交流电压和直流电压叠加的电压。
可以理解的是，电压检测电路可以利用电压传感器来实现，也可以为了降低成本利用分压电阻电路来实现。
另外，本实施例提供的装置中，还可以包括：抑制电池组件(Potential Induced Degradation，PID)电路；
所述抑制电池组件PID电路包括串联的第一开关K1和等效器件Z；所述等效器件Z包括以下中的至少一种：熔丝、电阻、二极管、电池板和开关电源；
所述PV阵列的负输出端通过所述抑制电池组件PID电路接地；
所述电压检测电路检测所述N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压时，所述第一开关K1断开。
可以理解的是，当交流侧绝缘性检测完毕，当交直流侧绝缘情况满足要求，实际运行时，K1需要闭合，这样可以起到抑制电池组件PID作用。
以上装置实施例一和实施例二是以三相电网为例进行介绍的，下面介绍与三相电网类似的单相电网的实现方式，工作原理相同。
装置实施例三：
参见图3，该图为本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置实施例三示意图。
本实施例提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列100、逆变器Inv、开关(KL、Kn)、单相电网Vg、电阻；所述电阻包括：电阻RL和电阻Rn；所述PV阵列100的输出端连接所述逆变器Inv的输入端；所述逆变器Inv的输出端分别通过所述开关(KL、Kn)分别连接所述单相电网Vg的第一端；所述开关(KL、Kn)处于断开状态；所述单相电网Vg的第二端作为N点；所述N点通过所述N线电阻Rn连接所述PV阵列100的负输出端；所述单相电网Vg的第一端通过所述单相电阻RL连接所述PV阵列100的负输出端；Rn，RL可以为采样电阻的等效电阻，也可以为外接的电阻，Rn，RL的阻值是已知的。
需要说明的是，单相电网500可以为独立的电网，也可以为经过隔离以后的电网。
该装置包括：电压检测电路700、滤波电路800、比较电路900和控制器1000；
所述电压检测电路700，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或单相电网的第一端与地之间的电压；
所述滤波电路800，用于滤除所述电压检测电路检测的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；
所述比较电路900，用于将所述直流成分的电压与预设电压值进行比较，将比较结果发送给所述控制器1000；
所述控制器1000，用于根据所述比较结果判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
可以理解的是，单相电网的情况与三相电网的情况对应的工作原理相同，在此不再赘述。
本发明实施例提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置适用于单相电网，在硬件上使用检测的电压检测电路700、滤波电路800、比较电路900和控制器1000就可以判断出交流侧的绝缘是否正常，硬件实现简单，并且实现简单。通过检测r、s、t和N对地的电压便可以判断交流侧对地是否绝缘性良好。
装置实施例一到三均是以实际的硬件来实现的滤波和比较，下面介绍控制器利用内部具有的算法来实现滤波和比较的情况。
装置实施例四：
参见图4，该图为本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置实施例四示意图。
由于装置实施例一到三中，控制器接收的已经是比较电路输出的数字信号，因此，不需要AD转换器。而对于本实施例中控制器自身实现滤波和比较时，需要接收数字信号，首先需要AD转换器将电压检测电路检测模拟信号的电压转换为数字信号的电压。
本实施例提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列100、逆变器Inv、三相开关(Kr、Ks、Kt)、三相电网(Vr、Vs、Vt)、电阻；所述电阻包括：第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4；
所述PV阵列100的输出端连接所述逆变器Inv的输入端；所述逆变器Inv的输出端分别通过所述三相开关(Kr、Ks、Kt)分别连接所述三相电网(Vr、Vs、Vt)的第一端；所述三相开关(Kr、Ks、Kt)处于断开状态；所述三相电网(Vr、Vs、Vt)的第二端连接在一起作为N点；所述N点通过所述第四电阻R4连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；所述三相电网(Vr、Vs、Vt)的第一端分别通过所述第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2和第三电阻R3连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；
该装置包括：电压检测电路700、AD转换器1100和控制器1000；
所述电压检测电路700，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；
所述AD转换器1100，用于将所述电压检测电路700检测的电压转换为数字信号的电压；
所述控制器1000，用于滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；判断所述直流成分的电压是否大于预设电压值，如果是，则判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
本实施例提供的装置与实施例一的区别是，利用控制器1000自身来实现滤波和比较，这样从硬件来说，比装置实施例一更简单，只不过是控制器1000内部需要实现滤波和比较。
可以理解的是，本实施例提供的装置中也可以包括抑制电池组件PID电路；如图3所示，其工作原理与图2中的相同，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，所述预设电压值与所述PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压相关，例如，用VPVNG表示PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压。
滤波电路可以由以下器件来实现：低通滤波器、平均值滤波器、积分器或带阻滤波器中的一种。
装置实施例五：
参见图5，该图为本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置实施例五示意图。
装置实施例四是以三相电网为例进行介绍的，下面介绍与三相电网类似的单相电网的实现方式，工作原理相同。
本实施例提供的并网逆变器安全检测装置，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列100、逆变器Inv、开关(KL、Kn)、单相电网Vg、电阻；所述电阻包括：单相电阻RL和N线电阻Rn；所述PV阵列100的输出端连接所述逆变器Inv的输入端；所述逆变器Inv的输出端分别通过所述开关(KL、Kn)分别连接所述单相电网Vg的第一端；所述开关(KL、Kn)处于断开状态；所述单相电网Vg的第二端作为N点；所述N点通过所述N线电阻Rn连接所述PV阵列100的负输出端；所述单相电网Vg的第一端通过所述单相电阻RL连接所述PV阵列100的负输出端；
该装置包括：电压检测电路700、AD转换器1100和控制器1000；
所述电压检测电路700，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；
所述AD转换器1100，用于将所述电压检测电路700检测的电压转换为数字信号的电压；
所述控制器1000，用于滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直 流成分的电压；判断所述直流成分的电压是否大于预设电压值，如果是，则判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
本实施例提供的装置与实施例三的区别是，利用控制器1000自身来实现滤波和比较，这样从硬件来说，比装置实施例三更简单，只不过是控制器1000内部需要实现滤波和比较。
可以理解的是，本实施例提供的装置中也可以包括抑制电池组件PID电路；如图3所示，其工作原理与图2中的相同，在此不再赘述。
需要说明的是，所述预设电压值与所述PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压相关，例如，用VPVNG表示PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压。
滤波电路可以由以下器件来实现：低通滤波器、平均值滤波器、积分器或带阻滤波器中的一种。
基于以上实施例提供的一种并网逆变器安全检测装置，本发明实施例还提供了一种并网逆变器安全检测方法，下面结合附图来进行详细的说明
方法实施例一：
参见图6，该图为本发明提供的并网逆变器安全检测方法实施例一流程图。
可以理解的是，无论是对于三相电网还是单相电网，检测的方法是相同，因此，本实施例提供的方法同样适用于三相电网和单相电网。
本实施例提供的并网逆变器安全检测方法，应用于光伏逆变***中，包括：
S601：当所述光伏逆变***为三相***时，检测N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；当所述光伏逆变***为单相***时，检测N点与地之间、或检测单相电网的第一端与地之间的电压；所述三相电网或单相电网的第一端为连接逆变器输出端的一端；
S602：将检测的电压转换为数字信号；
S603：滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；
对于三相电网来说，可以理解的是，当滤除交流成分以后，剩下的直流成分的电压对于r、s、t和N来说是相同的，因此，检测N点对地的电压，或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地的电压结果是相同的。
S604：判断所述直流成分的电压是否大于预设电压值，如果是，则判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
对于三相电网来说，可以理解的是，当交流侧绝缘正常时，r、s、t和N与地之间均存在直流电压，并且该直流电压会大于预设电压值。但是，当交流侧绝缘异常时，r、s、t和N与地之间的直流电压可能会很小甚至会为0，因此该直流电压会小于预设电压值。
例如，当直流成分的电压大于所述预设电压值时，比较器会输出1，此时控制器判断绝缘正常。当直流成分的电压小于所述预设电压值时，比较器输出0，此时控制器判断绝缘异常。
本发明实施例提供的并网逆变器安全检测方法，通过检测电网的第一端与地之间的电压，滤除检测电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压，通过将直流成分的电压与预设电压值进行比较，就可以判断出交流侧的绝缘是否正常，检测判断过程检测，并且容易实现。
另外，所述预设电压值与所述PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压相关。所述PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压可以预先获知。
所述滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分，具体为：通过低通滤波、平均值滤波、或积分滤波来实现。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下，都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种并网逆变器安全检测装置，其特征在于，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列、逆变器、三相开关、三相电网、电阻；所述电阻包括：第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻和第四电阻；所述PV阵列的输出端连接所述逆变器的输入端；所述逆变器的输出端分别通过所述三相开关分别连接所述三相电网的第一端；所述三相开关处于断开状态；所述三相电网的第二端连接在一起作为N点；所述N点通过所述第四电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；所述三相电网的第一端分别通过所述第一电阻、第二电阻和第三电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；
    该装置包括：电压检测电路、滤波电路、比较电路和控制器；
    所述电压检测电路，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；
    所述滤波电路，用于滤除所述电压检测电路检测的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；
    所述比较电路，用于将所述直流成分的电压与预设电压值进行比较，将比较结果发送给所述控制器；
    所述控制器，用于根据所述比较结果判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的并网逆变器安全检测装置，其特征在于，所述预设电压值与所述PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压相关。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的并网逆变器安全检测装置，其特征在于，所述滤波电路为低通滤波器、平均值滤波器、积分器或带阻滤波器中的一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的并网逆变器安全检测装置，其特征在于，还包括抑制电池组件PID电路；
    所述抑制电池组件PID电路包括串联的第一开关和等效器件；所述等效器件包括以下中的至少一种：熔丝、电阻、二极管、电池板和开关电源；
    所述PV阵列的负输出端通过所述抑制电池组件PID电路接地；
    所述电压检测电路检测所述N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压时，所述第一开关断开。
  5. 一种并网逆变器安全检测装置，其特征在于，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列、逆变器、开关、单相电网、电阻；所述电阻包括：单相电阻和N线电阻；所述PV阵列的输出端连接所述逆变器的输入端；所述逆变器的输出端分别通过所述开关分别连接所述单相电网的第一端；所述开关处于断开状态；所述单相电网的第二端作为N点；所述N点通过所述N线电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；所述单相电网的第一端通过所述单相电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；
    该装置包括：电压检测电路、滤波电路、比较电路和控制器；
    所述电压检测电路，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或单相电网的第一端与地之间的电压；
    所述滤波电路，用于滤除所述电压检测电路检测的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；
    所述比较电路，用于将所述直流成分的电压与预设电压值进行比较，将比较结果发送给所述控制器；
    所述控制器，用于根据所述比较结果判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
  6. 一种并网逆变器安全检测装置，其特征在于，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列、逆变器、三相开关、三相电网、电阻；所述电阻包括：第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻和第四电阻；所述PV阵列的输出端连接所述逆变器的输入端；所述逆变器的输出端分别通过所述三相开关分别连接所述三相电网的第一端；所述三相开关处于断开状态；所述三相电网的第二端连接在一起作为N点；所述N点通过所述第四电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；所述三相电网的第一端分别通过所述第一电阻、第二电阻和第三电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；
    该装置包括：电压检测电路、AD转换器和控制器；
    所述电压检测电路，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；
    所述AD转换器，用于将所述电压检测电路检测的电压转换为数字信号的电压；
    所述控制器，用于滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；判断所述直流成分的电压是否大于预设电压值，如果是，则判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
  7. 一种并网逆变器安全检测装置，其特征在于，应用于光伏逆变***中，该***包括：PV阵列、逆变器、开关、单相电网、电阻；所述电阻包括：单相电阻和N线电阻；所述PV阵列的输出端连接所述逆变器的输入端；所述逆变器的输出端分别通过所述开关分别连接所述单相电网的第一端；所述开关处于断开状态；所述单相电网的第二端作为N点；所述N点通过所述N线电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；所述单相电网的第一端通过所述单相电阻连接所述PV阵列的负输出端；
    该装置包括：电压检测电路、AD转换器、滤波电路、比较电路和控制器；
    所述电压检测电路，用于检测所述N点与地之间、或单相电网的第一端与地之间的电压；
    所述AD转换器，用于将所述电压检测电路检测的电压转换为数字信号的电压；
    所述控制器，用于滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；判断所述直流成分的电压是否大于预设电压值，如果是，则判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
  8. 一种并网逆变器安全检测方法，其特征在于，应用于光伏逆变***中，包括：
    当所述光伏逆变***为三相***时，检测N点与地之间、或三相电网的任一相的第一端与地之间的电压；当所述光伏逆变***为单相***时，检测N点与地之间、或检测单相电网的第一端与地之间的电压；所述三相电网或单相电网的第一端为连接逆变器输出端的一端；
    将检测的电压转换为数字信号；
    滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分的电压；
    判断所述直流成分的电压是否大于预设电压值，如果是，则判断逆变器输出端的交流侧绝缘正常，反之则判断绝缘异常。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的并网逆变器安全检测方法，其特征在于，所述 预设电压值与所述PV阵列的负输出端对地的电压相关。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的并网逆变器安全检测方法，其特征在于，所述滤除所述数字信号的电压中的交流成分，保留直流成分，具体为：通过低通滤波、平均值滤波、积分器或带阻滤波器来实现。
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EP3203597A4 (en) 2018-11-14
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