WO2016047342A1 - Plant cultivation device, cultivation method and tea leaves - Google Patents

Plant cultivation device, cultivation method and tea leaves Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016047342A1
WO2016047342A1 PCT/JP2015/073730 JP2015073730W WO2016047342A1 WO 2016047342 A1 WO2016047342 A1 WO 2016047342A1 JP 2015073730 W JP2015073730 W JP 2015073730W WO 2016047342 A1 WO2016047342 A1 WO 2016047342A1
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Prior art keywords
light
tea
plant
cultivation
tea tree
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PCT/JP2015/073730
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
俊輔 宮内
貴之 結城
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シャープ株式会社
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Publication of WO2016047342A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016047342A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus, a cultivation method, and tea leaves.
  • tea leaves which are raw materials for tea
  • the amount of amino acids contained in tea leaves is increased by shading the tea leaves before plucking, resulting in a high-quality tea.
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the tea tree cultivation apparatus described in Patent Document 1.
  • the tea tree cultivation apparatus is provided on the light shielding member 211 that covers the tea tree 207, the light shielding shelf 230 that supports the light shielding member 211 that is detachably disposed, and the ceiling inside the light shielding member 211.
  • the projector 221 is provided.
  • the light shielding member 211 extends in the direction in which the tea tree 207 is arranged to cover the tea tree 207 in a cylindrical shape. Both end surfaces of the light shielding member 211 extending in a cylindrical shape are open.
  • the light shielding member 211 is configured by a net made of tax resin, or a bag or bag alone or in combination.
  • the projector 221 is a light source composed of a fluorescent lamp or an incandescent lamp.
  • the tea tree 207 is shielded from sunlight by covering the tea tree with the light shielding member 211 during the shoot elongation period of the tea tree 207.
  • biosynthesis of catechins which are astringency components can be suppressed.
  • so-called supplementary light is applied, in which the light 221 is turned on to illuminate the tea tree 207 with light at night in the shoot elongation period of the tea tree 207.
  • Patent Document 1 it is possible to increase the accumulated amount of free amino acids including theanine while suppressing the production of catechins in tea plant 207. As a result, it is said that the amount of umami taste components accumulated in tea leaves can be increased while suppressing the production of astringency components.
  • tea leaves are cultivated in an environment where the irradiation light to the tea tree, such as sunlight, is almost 100% shielded during the shoot growth period of the tea tree (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as dark cultivation), Cultivation methods have been started to make white leaves into a characteristic amino acid composition.
  • supplementing light is performed by turning on the projector 221 at night in the shoot growing period of the tea tree 207.
  • the tea tree 207 performs photosynthesis with the light illuminated from the projector 221 even if it is weak light. For this reason, the astringent component of the tea tree 207 is suppressed by shading, and the effect of increasing the umami component is insufficient, and it cannot be said that the quality of the finished tea is sufficiently good.
  • tea leaves turn white and become rich in amino acids such as asparagine and arginine.
  • tea leaves are inhibited from photosynthesis as the ratio of shading increases.
  • sprouts have a high photosynthetic ability, and sprout formation is an important factor responsible for the metabolism of tea plants. If the tea plants are completely shielded from light, they will not grow. For this reason, if the tea tree is completely shielded from light during the shoot elongation period, the vigor of the tea tree will be reduced.
  • the present invention was made in order to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to achieve both an increase in the umami component of the harvest from the plant and the suppression of a decrease in the viability of the plant in shade cultivation. is there.
  • a cultivation apparatus includes a covering unit that shields external light by covering the plant for a certain period before harvesting the plant being cultivated, and the coating And a light source unit that illuminates the plant with far-red light during a period in which the unit covers the plant.
  • a cultivation apparatus includes a covering unit that covers the plant for a certain period of time before harvesting the plant that is cultivated, and the covering unit is included in outside light. Further, it is characterized by transmitting far red light and shielding visible light.
  • the cultivation method includes a step of shielding visible light from outside light irradiated on a plant for a certain period before harvesting the plant being cultivated, and And illuminating the plant with far-red light during a period in which the visible light is blocked.
  • the tea leaf according to one embodiment of the present invention is characterized by containing 1.3% or more of asparagine or 3.5% or more of arginine per unit weight at the time of drying. .
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a cultivation apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the cultivation device 1 includes a covering material (covering portion) 11 that covers the tea tree 7 and a light source (light source portion) 21 for irradiating the tea tree 7 with FR (Far Red) light 31.
  • the cultivation apparatus 1 may include a control unit (not shown) for controlling the turning on and off of the light source 21.
  • the tea tree 7 cultivated by the cultivation apparatus 1 may be cultivated in an open field or artificially cultivated.
  • the cultivation device 1 is used to shield almost 100% of light that is synthesized by tea trees such as sunlight (external light) during cultivation for a certain period of time before plucking.
  • the covering material 11 creates a dark environment by covering the tea tree 7 almost completely (almost 100%) for a certain period before the tea tree 7 is plucked, and the sunlight irradiated on the outer surface of the covering material 11 is almost completely ( Almost 100%) to shield light.
  • a frame (not shown) for arranging the covering material 11 is arranged around the tea tree 7, and the covering material 11 covers the tea tree 7 by being detachably covered on the frame.
  • the covering material 11 blocks light in all wavelength bands including visible light (light with a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm) and FR light (light with a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm).
  • the dark environment is an environment in which visible light is shielded to such an extent that the tea leaves of tea tree 7 are whitened.
  • the tea tree 7 may be irradiated with a weak amount of visible light to the extent that the tea leaves of the tea tree 7 are whitened.
  • the covering material 11 extends in the direction in which the tea tree 7 is arranged, and covers the tea tree 7 also at the extending both end surfaces. In this way, the covering material 11 covers all the upper and side portions of the tea tree 7.
  • the covering material 11 can be constituted by a housing that covers the tea tree 7 together with the medium on which the tea tree 7 is grown.
  • the covering material 11 covers all the upper, lower, and lateral sides of the tea tree 7.
  • the covering material 11 only needs to be a material that covers the tea tree 7 so that the sunlight irradiated to the tea tree 7 can be blocked almost completely (approximately 100%).
  • a black resin film or a general material can be composed of traditional building materials.
  • the light source 21 is arranged on the ceiling of the covering material 11.
  • the light source 21 illuminates the crown of the tea tree 7 from above while the covering material 11 covers the tea tree 7.
  • the light source 21 irradiates the FR light 31 having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm, not visible light.
  • the light source 21 consists of LED, for example.
  • the tea tree 7 When the cultivated tea tree 7 enters a certain period of time before plucking, which is a long-term sprouting period, the tea tree 7 is covered with a covering material 11 as shown in FIG. Since the covering material 11 shields light in all wavelength bands including visible light and far-red light, the covering material 11 shields light from the outside of the covering material 11 such as sunlight, and the inside of the covering material 11 (covering material) The inside covered with 11 is a dark environment.
  • the photosynthesis of the tea tree 7 stops and the tea leaves turn into white leaves, especially when the visible light is not illuminated on the tea tree 7.
  • the components in the shoots to be picked up suppress the production of catechin, which is an astringent component, and increase umami components such as amino acids such as asparagine and arginine. For this reason, high quality tea leaves (harvested products) can be obtained.
  • the light source 21 which emits the FR light 31 is arranged inside the covering material 11 and on the ceiling.
  • the light source 21 illuminates the tea tree 7 with the FR light 31 from above the crown of the tea tree 7 while the covering material 11 covers the tea tree 7.
  • the FR light 31 hardly contributes to the photosynthesis of the tea plant 7. For this reason, the state in which the tea tree 7 is not photo-synthesized can be maintained.
  • the generation of tea astringent components plucked from tea tree 7 is sufficiently suppressed and the umami component is increased. Effect can be obtained.
  • the cultivation apparatus 1 has the light source 21 that emits the FR light that does not affect the photosynthesis in order to mitigate the decline in the vigor caused by the shading while suppressing the photosynthesis of the tea tree 7. It is important to use.
  • FR light FR light having a peak wavelength only in the FR wavelength band (700 nm or more and 800 nm or less) has not been used for either of the above.
  • the inventors of the present application can reduce the tree vigor of the tea tree 7 by irradiating the light of FR light without irradiating the light of visible light in the tea tree 7 during light-shielding cultivation. We obtained new knowledge that mitigation is possible.
  • the cultivation apparatus 1 has been created as a dedicated facility for irradiating only the FR light without irradiating visible light on the tea tree 7 that is subjected to shade cultivation.
  • the amount of the FR light 31 with which the light source 21 illuminates the tea tree 7 is not particularly limited, but a range of 10 to 1000 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 is appropriate.
  • the timing at which the light source 21 irradiates the FR light 31 is considered to be effective only during the day, but it may be irradiated at night.
  • the content of theanine which is an amino acid important for tea quality, can be increased as shown in the examples described later.
  • asparagine is an amino acid that is specifically increased by cultivation in the dark. For this reason, it can be estimated that the tea with a high content of asparagine is a tea grown under darkness.
  • the tea harvested from the tea tree 7 cultivated by the cultivation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment contains asparagine in a large amount of 1.3% or more from the results of Examples described later. For this reason, while being able to obtain a high quality tea, it can be estimated that it is the tea which performed cultivation under darkness.
  • the tea harvested from the tea tree 7 cultivated by the cultivation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment contains 3.5% or more of arginine among important amino acids from the results of Examples described later. For this reason, high quality tea can be obtained. In other words, it can be estimated that tea containing 3.5% or more of arginine is tea harvested from the tea tree 7 cultivated by the cultivation apparatus 1.
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • members having the same functions as those described in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 2 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • the cultivation device 2 includes a covering material (covering portion) 12 that mainly transmits only the FR light 33 in the sunlight 32.
  • the cultivation apparatus 2 is not provided with the light source.
  • the covering material 12 like the covering material 11, creates a dark environment by covering the tea tree 7 almost completely (almost 100%) for a certain period before the tea tree 7 is plucked. Then, the covering material 12 irradiates the tea tree 7 with the FR light 33 by substantially completely shielding (almost 100%) light other than the FR light in the sunlight 32 irradiated on the outer surface of the covering material 12.
  • a frame (not shown) for arranging the covering material 12 is arranged around the tea tree 7, and the covering material 12 covers the tea tree 7 by being detachably covered on the frame.
  • the covering material 12 shields particularly visible light other than the FR light out of the external light by reflecting or absorbing particularly visible light other than the FR light out of the external light.
  • the material constituting the covering material 12 examples include a resin film having wavelength selection characteristics. It is preferable that the covering material 12 is configured by forming such a resin film into a fine mesh shape. As a result, the air concentration, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the covering material 12 are close to the surrounding environment outside the covering material 12 while substantially completely blocking visible light and transmitting FR light. Can be maintained in a state.
  • Examples of the resin film constituting the covering material 12 include polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polycarbonate (PC) that are colored with a pigment or the like.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a transmission spectrum of the covering material 12 included in the cultivation apparatus 2.
  • the visible light wavelength band of 400 nm to 700 nm is a wavelength band defined as PPFD (photosyntheticsphoton flux density).
  • the covering material 12 transmits only the FR light having a wavelength band of 700 nm or more and 800 nm or less, and blocks visible light having a wavelength band of 400 nm or more and less than 700 nm in the spectrum A of sunlight. .
  • the cultivation apparatus 2 includes the covering material 12 that covers the tea tree 7 for a certain period before the tea tree 7 is harvested.
  • the covering material 12 transmits the FR light 33 out of the sunlight 32 and blocks visible light.
  • the covering material 12 covers the tea tree 7 for a certain period of time before the tea tree 7 is plucked, which is a sprouting period, and also blocks the tea leaves plucked from the tea tree 7 in order to shield visible light from the sunlight 32.
  • the umami component can be increased.
  • the covering material 12 transmits the FR light 33 out of the sunlight 32, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the vigor of the tea tree 7 due to the tea tree 7 being cultivated in the dark for a certain period.
  • the cultivation apparatus 2 since it will be in the state which irradiates FR light to the tea tree 7 in addition to the cultivation under darkness in the daytime similarly to the case where FR light is artificially irradiated, the tea leaves plucked from the tea tree 7 The increase in the umami component and the suppression of the decrease in the vigor of the tea tree 7 can both be achieved.
  • the sprout formation of the tea tree 7 is carried out quickly, it can be expected to harvest during the tea season after the second tea.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 3 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the cultivation device 3 includes a covering material (covering portion) 13 that converts visible light into FR light 34 in sunlight 32 and transmits the light.
  • the cultivation apparatus 3 is not provided with the light source.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the covering material 13.
  • the covering material 13 includes a wavelength conversion layer (first layer) 13 a that converts the wavelength of visible light into FR light in the sunlight 32, and an FR light transmission layer (second layer) that transmits FR light and blocks visible light. 13b.
  • the wavelength conversion layer (first layer) 13a is laminated on the incident side of sunlight in the covering material 13 rather than the FR light transmission layer 13b.
  • the wavelength conversion layer 13a includes a phosphor 13c that is excited by visible light and emits FR light, and a sealing layer 13d that is a resin film that seals the phosphor 13c.
  • the FR light transmission layer 13b is a resin that transmits light having a wavelength longer than the wavelength band of FR light including FR light (that is, a wavelength of 700 nm or more) and shielding light including visible light having a wavelength lower than visible light (that is, less than 700 nm). Made of film.
  • the covering material 13 can block visible light of the sunlight 32 by the wavelength conversion layer 13a and the FR light transmission layer 13b, and can emit the FR light to the inside covered by the covering material 13 by the wavelength conversion layer 13a. .
  • the wavelength conversion layer 13a since the wavelength conversion layer 13a has a two-layer structure, the wavelength conversion layer 13a converts visible light from the sunlight 32 into FR light, and visible light that cannot be converted is converted to the wavelength conversion layer 13a. The light is shielded by the FR light transmission layer 13b disposed in the lower layer. Thereby, it can prevent more reliably that visible light is irradiated to the tea tree 7 under dark environment cultivation.
  • the covering material 13 may have a fine mesh shape. As a result, while the visible light is almost completely blocked and the visible light is converted into the FR light, the air concentration, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration covered with the covering material 13 are changed to the surroundings outside the covering material 13. It can be kept close to the environment.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a transmission spectrum of the covering material 13 provided in the cultivation apparatus 3. As shown in FIG. 6, the covering material 13 transmits only the FR light having a wavelength band of 700 nm to 800 nm and transmits visible light having a wavelength band of 400 nm to less than 700 nm in the spectrum A of sunlight. To the FR light shown in FIG.
  • the cultivation apparatus 3 converts the short wavelength light including visible light into light having a longer wavelength than the FR light, thereby reducing the visible light to almost zero during daytime (cultivation in the dark), and The FR light can be irradiated to the tea plant 7.
  • Embodiment 4 The following description will discuss Embodiment 4 of the present invention with reference to FIGS. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those explained in the first to third embodiments are given the same reference numerals and explanation thereof is omitted.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 4 according to the fourth embodiment.
  • the cultivation device 4 includes a covering material 11, a light source 21, and a jig 41.
  • the cultivation apparatus 4 includes a jig 41 and is different from the cultivation apparatus 1 in that the light source 21 is arranged on the jig 41 instead of the ceiling of the covering material 11.
  • Other configurations of the cultivation device 4 are the same as those of the cultivation device 1.
  • the jig 41 has a tube-like (cylindrical) shape, and is installed on the cultivation surface on which the tea tree 7 is cultivated, such as the ground.
  • the light source 21 is arranged on the jig 41 so that the light emission direction forms an elevation angle with respect to the surface of the medium on which the tea tree 7 is grown. In the cultivation apparatus 4, the light source 21 emits the FR light 31 from below to the crown of the tea tree.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 101 according to the comparative example.
  • the cultivation apparatus 101 includes a covering material 111 and a light source 121.
  • the light source 121 is arranged on the ceiling of the covering material 111 that covers the tea tree 107.
  • the light source 121 emits the FR light 131 from above with respect to the crown of the tea tree 107.
  • the FR light 131 from the light source 121 may not sufficiently reach the leaf surface inside the crown group in the tea tree shown in the region C of FIG.
  • the light source 21 is directly or indirectly arranged on the cultivation surface so that the light emission direction forms an elevation angle with respect to the surface of the medium on which the tea tree 7 is cultivated. Has been. That is, the light source 21 is disposed below the crown of the tea tree 7 and in the community of the tea tree 7.
  • the light source 21 emits the FR light 31 to the crown of the tea tree 7 from below in the canopy of the tea tree 7.
  • the FR light 31 can be efficiently and sufficiently emitted to the canopy in the canopy of the tea tree 7.
  • the effect which irradiates the FR light 31 to the tea tree 7 can fully be acquired.
  • the light amount of the light source 21 can be suppressed as compared with the case where the FR light 31 is arranged on the ceiling of the covering material 11. There is no need to prepare a light source 21 capable of emitting a high amount of light. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the cultivation device 4 can be reduced, and the running cost of the cultivation device 4 can be reduced.
  • the light source 21 is housed in a tube-shaped jig, it is not necessary to prepare a dedicated stand or the like, and the light source 21 is easy to handle. For this reason, the manufacturing cost and running cost of the cultivation apparatus 4 can be reduced.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 1 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the covering material 11 covers a plant 8 different from the tea plant.
  • the cultivation apparatus 1 which concerns on this embodiment is the same structure as the cultivation apparatus 1 demonstrated in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 1 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • the covering material 11 covers a plant 8 different from the tea plant.
  • the cultivation apparatus 1 which concerns on this embodiment is the same structure as the cultivation apparatus 1 demonstrated in Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 1 according to the fifth embodiment.
  • Plant 8 is, for example, a permanent crop other than tea plant.
  • Perennial crops are crops that are not replanted over a long period of time and are harvested many times from a single plant. Examples of the plant 8 include fruit trees and coffee beans.
  • an appropriate shading time is set, and the plant 8 is covered with the covering material 11 during that period, so that the amino acids in the leaves and roots of the plant 8 fluctuate. It is thought that it will spread to other crops.
  • the plant 8 may be a plant that is cultivated in the dark, even if it is not a perennial crop.
  • white asparagus is an example of increasing asparagine (amino acid exhibiting umami) by using dark cultivation, although it is not a perennial crop.
  • the cultivation under darkness reduces the vigor of the plants 8. Therefore, the plant 8 is lowered by irradiating the plant 8 with the FR light 31 from the light source 21 by the cultivation apparatus 1. Can be suppressed. Thereby, both the increase in the umami component of the harvest from the plant 8 and the suppression of the decrease in the vigor of the plant 8 can be achieved.
  • the tea plant was hydroponically cultivated in the cultivation chamber, which was a sealed casing, and the difference in the state of the growth of the shoots was observed depending on whether or not the FR light was irradiated.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the state of the tea tree before plucking.
  • FIG. 11 shows the state of the tea tree when FR light is not irradiated after plucking.
  • FIG. 12 shows a state in which the vicinity of a shoot of the tea tree shown in FIG. 11 is enlarged, (a) shows a shoot that has not expanded, and (b) shows a dead shoot.
  • tea trees were hydroponically cultivated in a cultivation room that did not receive external light. LED is arranged on the side wall of the cultivation room, and illumination of artificial light is possible.
  • PPFD 1600 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 was used as a standard for the amount of sunlight irradiated to tea trees.
  • FIG. 13 shows the state of the tea tree when irradiated with FR light after plucking.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the vicinity of shoots of the tea tree illustrated in FIG. 13 is enlarged.
  • the dark environment during the light shielding period was an environment where 100% of visible light was shielded. That is, the tea tree was not irradiated with visible light. In addition, the tea tree was irradiated with FR light by turning on the LED.
  • the shoots showed vigorous growth, indicating signs of recovery of the tree vigor.
  • the next sprout is formed when irradiated with FR light after plucking, it is considered that year-round cultivation is possible when a tea tree is cultivated in an artificial cultivation environment.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram comparing the amino acid contents of tea leaves obtained in this example and other tea leaves.
  • the item “Dark under cultivation (FR irradiation)” represents the amino acid amount of the tea leaves prepared by this example shown in FIGS. 13 and 14.
  • the main amino acids the amounts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, and theanine and their total amounts were compared for each tea leaf.
  • the tea leaves prepared by this example had more asparagine, glutamine, arginine, and theanine than the average tea average of the quality review meeting and the commercially available middle-class matcha tea.
  • the total amount of the six major amino acids is 12992 [mg / 100 g DW] (DW (Dry Weight): weight when dried), which exceeds 10,000 [mg / 100 g DW], that is, 10%.
  • the ratio of the total amount of the six major amino acids is more than 10% only in the highest grade tea.
  • the tea prepared by the method of the present example showed an amino acid content equivalent to that of the tea with a particularly high quality among the high quality teas.
  • FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the amount of amino acids of tea leaves when irradiated with FR light under dark cultivation and tea leaves in other cases.
  • the total of the main amino acids is found to be the largest in tea trees cultivated in a “dark cultivation (FR irradiation)” environment.
  • asparagine is only about 0.5% and arginine is only about 2.0% even in the usual outdoor cultivation, but in the tea leaves grown under the environment of "dark cultivation (FR irradiation)" It shows a specific increase of about 2.0% (2047 [mg / 100 gDW]) and about 3.8% (3793 [mg / 100 gDW]).
  • the content of glutamine increased in those irradiated with FR light compared to those not irradiated.
  • Arginine is a component highly correlated with tea quality as described above. According to the analysis by the inventors, the ratio of the arginine content is about 2% even in the top tea of the product review meeting.
  • the tea obtained by the method according to the present example contains 3793 [mg / 100 g DW] and 3.7% or more of arginine, which is more than the top tea of the quality review meeting.
  • Only tea cultivated by the “dark cultivation (FR irradiation)” method Only tea cultivated by the “dark cultivation (FR irradiation)” method. In other words, it is considered that tea containing 3.5% or more of arginine can be said to be tea cultivated by the “dark cultivation (FR irradiation)” method.
  • asparagine is an amino acid that is specifically increased by cultivation in the dark. For this reason, tea with a high content of asparagine can be presumed to be tea that has been cultivated in the dark.
  • the tea containing 1.3% or more of asparagine can be considered to be a tea cultivated by the “dark cultivation (FR irradiation)” method.
  • the amount of visible light applied to the tea plant during cultivation in the dark was measured at the tea leaf position, and the tea leaf did not whiten and was green even at 16 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 . . For this reason, it is considered that there is a conversion point for whitening to an amount of light of less than 16 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 . It was found that in order to whiten the tea leaves, it was not necessary to completely block 100% visible light, but at least less than 16 ⁇ mol ⁇ m ⁇ 2 ⁇ s ⁇ 1 was necessary.
  • the cultivation apparatuses 1 and 4 cover the plant (tea tree 7 / plant 8) that is being cultivated, thereby covering the outside light (sunlight 32) (covering material 11), A light source unit (light source 21) that illuminates far-red light (FR light 31) against plants (tea plant 7 / plant 8) shielded by the coating unit (coating material 11), To do.
  • the covering portion covers the plant so as to shield external light, so that the umami component of the harvest harvested from the plant can be increased.
  • the light source unit illuminates far red light with respect to the plant light-shielded by the covering unit, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in tree vigor associated with the light-shielding of the plant.
  • Cultivation devices 2 and 3 include a covering portion (covering material 12 and 13) that covers a plant (tea tree 7) that is being cultivated, and the covering portion (covering material 12 and 13) is outside.
  • the light unsunlight 32
  • far-red light FR light 33, 34
  • visible light is blocked.
  • the covering portion covers the plant and also shields visible light from outside light, it is possible to increase the umami component of the crop harvested from the plant.
  • the covering portion transmits far-red light out of the external light, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in viability due to the external light being blocked by the plant for a certain period.
  • coated part (covering material 13) carries out wavelength conversion of the said visible light into far-red light (FR light 34) among the said external lights (sunlight 32). May be. Thereby, the said coating
  • coated part (covering material 13) is the 1st layer which wavelength-converts visible light into far-red light among the said external light (sunlight 32), and a distant A second layer that transmits red light and blocks visible light, and the first layer may be disposed closer to the incident side of external light in the covering portion than the second layer.
  • the visible light can be blocked by the first layer and the second layer, and far-red light can be emitted to the inside covered by the covering portion by the first layer. Furthermore, visible light that could not be converted by the first layer can be shielded by the second layer. For this reason, it can prevent more reliably that visible light is irradiated with respect to the plant currently grown.
  • the plant is preferably tea tree 7.
  • tea with an increased umami component can be obtained, and a decrease in the viability of the tea tree can be suppressed.
  • the cultivation method which concerns on aspect 6 of this invention is the external light (sunlight 32) irradiated to the said plant (tea tree 7 * plant 8) for the fixed period before the harvested plant (tea tree 7 * plant 8).
  • the tea leaf according to aspect 7 of the present invention contains 1.3% or more asparagine or 3.5% or more arginine per unit weight when dried.
  • tea leaves containing 1.3% or more of asparagine or 3.5% or more of arginine are cultivated while blocking visible light.
  • the covering portion may reflect or absorb the visible light out of the external light (sunlight 32).
  • coated part can light-shield the said visible light.
  • the said light source part (light source 21) is distribute
  • the light emission direction of the said light source part (light source 21) May form an elevation angle with respect to the surface of the medium on which the plant (tea tree 7) is cultivated. Thereby, far-red light can be efficiently and sufficiently emitted to the canopy within the plant community.
  • the present invention can be used for plant cultivation devices, cultivation methods, and tea leaves.

Abstract

The content of palatable ingredients in a harvest from a plant can be increased and, at the same time, reduction of the tree vigor of the plant can be prevented. A cultivation device (1) is provided with a covering material (11), which covers tea trees (7) under cultivation for a definite period of time before tea picking to thereby block sunlight, and a light source (21) which illuminates the tea trees (7) with FR light (31) during the covering material (11) covers the tea trees (7).

Description

植物の栽培装置、栽培方法及び茶葉Plant cultivation apparatus, cultivation method and tea leaves
　本発明は植物の栽培装置、栽培方法及び茶葉に関する。 The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus, a cultivation method, and tea leaves.
　茶の原料である茶葉の栽培に関し、摘採前に茶葉を遮光することで、茶葉に含まれるアミノ酸量が増加し、高品質な茶に仕上がることが知られている。 Regarding the cultivation of tea leaves, which are raw materials for tea, it is known that the amount of amino acids contained in tea leaves is increased by shading the tea leaves before plucking, resulting in a high-quality tea.
　図１７は、特許文献１に記載された茶樹栽培装置の構成を表す斜視図である。図１７に示すように茶樹栽培装置は茶樹２０７を覆う遮光部材２１１と、着脱可能に配された遮光部材２１１を支持する支持柱である遮光用棚２３０と、遮光部材２１１の内部の天井に設けられた投光器２２１とを備える。 FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the tea tree cultivation apparatus described in Patent Document 1. As shown in FIG. 17, the tea tree cultivation apparatus is provided on the light shielding member 211 that covers the tea tree 207, the light shielding shelf 230 that supports the light shielding member 211 that is detachably disposed, and the ceiling inside the light shielding member 211. The projector 221 is provided.
　遮光部材２１１は、茶樹２０７が並ぶ方向に延伸して筒状に茶樹２０７を覆う。筒状に延伸する遮光部材２１１の両端面は開放している。遮光部材２１１は、合税樹脂製のネット、又は藁若しくは葦が単独で又は組み合わされて構成される。投光器２２１は蛍光灯又は白熱電灯などからなる光源である。 The light shielding member 211 extends in the direction in which the tea tree 207 is arranged to cover the tea tree 207 in a cylindrical shape. Both end surfaces of the light shielding member 211 extending in a cylindrical shape are open. The light shielding member 211 is configured by a net made of tax resin, or a bag or bag alone or in combination. The projector 221 is a light source composed of a fluorescent lamp or an incandescent lamp.
　図１７の茶樹栽培装置のように、茶樹２０７の新芽伸長期に遮光部材２１１により茶樹を覆うことで、茶樹２０７を太陽光から遮光する。これにより、茶樹２０７において、渋味成分であるカテキン類の生合成を抑制することができる。さらに、茶樹２０７の新芽伸長期における夜間に、投光器２２１を点灯させることで茶樹２０７に弱い光を照射する、いわゆる補光を実施する。 As in the tea tree cultivation apparatus of FIG. 17, the tea tree 207 is shielded from sunlight by covering the tea tree with the light shielding member 211 during the shoot elongation period of the tea tree 207. Thereby, in the tea tree 207, biosynthesis of catechins which are astringency components can be suppressed. Furthermore, so-called supplementary light is applied, in which the light 221 is turned on to illuminate the tea tree 207 with light at night in the shoot elongation period of the tea tree 207.
　特許文献１によると、これにより、茶樹２０７のカテキン類の生成を抑制しつつ、テアニンを含む遊離アミノ酸の蓄積量を増大させることができるとされている。この結果、渋味成分の生成を抑制しつつ、うまみ味成分の茶葉への蓄積量を増大させることができるとされている。 According to Patent Document 1, it is possible to increase the accumulated amount of free amino acids including theanine while suppressing the production of catechins in tea plant 207. As a result, it is said that the amount of umami taste components accumulated in tea leaves can be increased while suppressing the production of astringency components.
　さらに近年では、茶樹の新芽伸長期において、太陽光など、茶樹への照射光をほぼ１００％遮光した環境下にて茶樹を栽培すること（以下、暗黒下栽培と称する場合がある）で、茶葉を白葉化させて特徴的なアミノ酸組成を持たせる栽培方法が実施され始めている。 Furthermore, in recent years, tea leaves are cultivated in an environment where the irradiation light to the tea tree, such as sunlight, is almost 100% shielded during the shoot growth period of the tea tree (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as dark cultivation), Cultivation methods have been started to make white leaves into a characteristic amino acid composition.
日本国公開特許公報「特開２０１０‐２７９２９５号公報（２０１０年１２月１６日公開）」Japanese Patent Publication “Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2010-279295 (published on December 16, 2010)”
　特許文献１の技術によると、茶樹２０７の新芽育成期における夜間に、投光器２２１を点灯させることで補光を行っている。 According to the technique of Patent Document 1, supplementing light is performed by turning on the projector 221 at night in the shoot growing period of the tea tree 207.
　しかし、投光器２２１により照明される光は可視光（波長４００ｎｍ以上７００ｎｍ以下の光）を含むため、弱い光であっても、茶樹２０７は投光器２２１から照明された光により光合成を行う。このため、遮光により茶樹２０７の渋み成分を抑制すると共に、うま味成分を増加させる効果が不十分であり、出来上がる茶の品質が十分良いとはいえない。 However, since the light illuminated by the projector 221 includes visible light (light having a wavelength of 400 nm or more and 700 nm or less), the tea tree 207 performs photosynthesis with the light illuminated from the projector 221 even if it is weak light. For this reason, the astringent component of the tea tree 207 is suppressed by shading, and the effect of increasing the umami component is insufficient, and it cannot be said that the quality of the finished tea is sufficiently good.
　一方、茶樹の新芽伸長期に茶樹を暗黒下栽培することで、茶葉は白葉化し、アスパラギンやアルギニンといったアミノ酸を豊富に含むようになる。 On the other hand, by cultivating tea trees in the dark during the shoot growth stage of tea trees, the tea leaves turn white and become rich in amino acids such as asparagine and arginine.
　しかし、遮光する割合が増加することに従い茶葉は光合成を阻害される。さらに、新芽は光合成能が高く、新芽形成は茶樹の新陳代謝を担う重要な要素であるところ、茶樹を完全に遮光すると、茶樹の新芽が生長しなくなる。このため、単に、新芽伸長期に茶樹を完全に遮光すると、茶樹の樹勢が低下してしまうことになる。 However, tea leaves are inhibited from photosynthesis as the ratio of shading increases. Furthermore, sprouts have a high photosynthetic ability, and sprout formation is an important factor responsible for the metabolism of tea plants. If the tea plants are completely shielded from light, they will not grow. For this reason, if the tea tree is completely shielded from light during the shoot elongation period, the vigor of the tea tree will be reduced.
　本発明は、上記の問題点を解決するためになされたもので、その目的は、遮光栽培において、植物からの収穫物のうま味成分増加と、植物の生育力低下の抑制とを両立させることである。 The present invention was made in order to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to achieve both an increase in the umami component of the harvest from the plant and the suppression of a decrease in the viability of the plant in shade cultivation. is there.
　上記の課題を解決するために、本発明の一態様に係る栽培装置は、栽培している植物の収穫前の一定期間、当該植物を覆うことで、外光を遮光する被覆部と、上記被覆部が上記植物を覆っている期間中に、遠赤色の光を上記植物に照明する光源部とを備えていることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problem, a cultivation apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a covering unit that shields external light by covering the plant for a certain period before harvesting the plant being cultivated, and the coating And a light source unit that illuminates the plant with far-red light during a period in which the unit covers the plant.
　上記の課題を解決するために、本発明の一態様に係る栽培装置は、栽培している植物の収穫前の一定期間、当該植物を覆う被覆部を備え、上記被覆部は、外光のうち、遠赤色光を透過し可視光を遮光することを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problem, a cultivation apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes a covering unit that covers the plant for a certain period of time before harvesting the plant that is cultivated, and the covering unit is included in outside light. Further, it is characterized by transmitting far red light and shielding visible light.
　上記の課題を解決するために、本発明の一態様に係る栽培方法は、栽培している植物の収穫前の一定期間、当該植物に照射される外光のうち可視光を遮光する工程と、上記可視光が遮光されている期間中に、遠赤色光を上記植物に照明する工程とを含んでいることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problem, the cultivation method according to one aspect of the present invention includes a step of shielding visible light from outside light irradiated on a plant for a certain period before harvesting the plant being cultivated, and And illuminating the plant with far-red light during a period in which the visible light is blocked.
　上記の課題を解決するために、本発明の一態様に係る茶葉は、乾燥時における単位重量あたり、アスパラギンが１．３％以上またはアルギニンが３．５％以上含有されていることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the tea leaf according to one embodiment of the present invention is characterized by containing 1.3% or more of asparagine or 3.5% or more of arginine per unit weight at the time of drying. .
　本発明の一態様によれば、遮光栽培において、上記植物からの収穫物のうま味成分増加と、当該植物の生育力低下の抑制とを両立させることができる効果を奏する。 According to one aspect of the present invention, in light-shielded cultivation, there is an effect that it is possible to achieve both an increase in the umami component of the harvest from the plant and the suppression of a decrease in the viability of the plant.
本発明の実施形態１に係る栽培装置の構成を表す断面図である。It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the cultivation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施形態２に係る栽培装置の構成を表す断面図である。It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the cultivation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施形態２に係る栽培装置が備える被覆資材の透過スペクトルを表す図である。It is a figure showing the transmission spectrum of the coating | covering material with which the cultivation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention is provided. 本発明の実施形態３に係る栽培装置の構成を表す断面図である。It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the cultivation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. 本発明の実施形態３に係る栽培装置が備える被覆資材の構成を表す断面図である。It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the coating | covering material with which the cultivation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention is provided. 本発明の栽培装置が備える被覆資材の透過スペクトルを表す図である。It is a figure showing the transmission spectrum of the coating | covering material with which the cultivation apparatus of this invention is provided. 本発明の実施形態４に係る栽培装置の構成を表す断面図である。It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the cultivation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. 比較例に係る栽培装置の構成を表す図である。It is a figure showing the structure of the cultivation apparatus which concerns on a comparative example. 本発明の実施形態５に係る栽培装置の構成を表す図である。It is a figure showing the structure of the cultivation apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention. 本発明の実施例に係る摘採前の茶樹の様子を表す図である。It is a figure showing the mode of the tea tree before the pruning which concerns on the Example of this invention. 摘採後にＦＲ光を照射しなかった場合の茶樹の様子を表す図である。It is a figure showing the mode of the tea tree at the time of not irradiating FR light after plucking. 図１１に示す茶樹の新芽近傍を拡大した様子を表す図である。It is a figure showing a mode that the shoot vicinity of the tea tree shown in FIG. 11 was expanded. 摘採後にＦＲ光を照射した場合の茶樹の様子を表す図である。It is a figure showing the mode of the tea tree at the time of irradiating FR light after plucking. 図１３に示す茶樹の新芽近傍を拡大した様子を表す図である。It is a figure showing a mode that the sprout vicinity of the tea tree shown in FIG. 13 was expanded. 本実施例によって得られた茶葉と、その他の茶葉とのアミノ酸含有量を比較した図である。It is the figure which compared the amino acid content of the tea leaf obtained by the present Example, and other tea leaves. 本実施例によって得られた茶葉と、それ以外の場合における茶葉のアミノ酸量を表す図である。It is a figure showing the amount of amino acids of the tea leaf obtained by the present Example, and the tea leaf in the case other than that. 従来の茶樹栽培装置の構成を表す斜視図である。It is a perspective view showing the structure of the conventional tea tree cultivation apparatus.
　〔実施形態１〕
　以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。 [Embodiment 1]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
　（栽培装置１の構成）
　図１は本発明の実施形態１に係る栽培装置１の構成を表す断面図である。栽培装置１は、茶樹７を覆う被覆資材（被覆部）１１と、茶樹７にＦＲ（Far Red：遠赤色）光３１を照射するための光源（光源部）２１とを備える。なお、栽培装置１は、光源２１の点灯および消灯を制御するための制御部（不図示）を備えていてもよい。 (Configuration of cultivation apparatus 1)
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a cultivation apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The cultivation device 1 includes a covering material (covering portion) 11 that covers the tea tree 7 and a light source (light source portion) 21 for irradiating the tea tree 7 with FR (Far Red) light 31. The cultivation apparatus 1 may include a control unit (not shown) for controlling the turning on and off of the light source 21.
　栽培装置１が栽培する茶樹７は、露地で栽培されてもよいし、人工栽培されてもよい。栽培装置１は、茶樹７の栽培において、摘採前の一定期間の日中、太陽光（外光）等の茶樹が光合成をする光をほぼ１００％遮光するためのものである。 The tea tree 7 cultivated by the cultivation apparatus 1 may be cultivated in an open field or artificially cultivated. The cultivation device 1 is used to shield almost 100% of light that is synthesized by tea trees such as sunlight (external light) during cultivation for a certain period of time before plucking.
　被覆資材１１は、茶樹７の摘採前の一定期間、ほぼ完全に（ほぼ１００％）茶樹７を覆うことで暗黒環境を作り出し、被覆資材１１の外側表面に照射される太陽光をほぼ完全に（ほぼ１００％）遮光するものである。茶樹７の周囲には被覆資材１１を配するための架台（不図示）が配されており、被覆資材１１は、架台に着脱可能に被せられることで茶樹７を覆っている。被覆資材１１は可視光（波長４００ｎｍ以上７００ｎｍ以下の光）およびＦＲ光（波長７００ｎｍ以上８００ｎｍ以下の光）を含む全ての波長帯の光を遮光する。 The covering material 11 creates a dark environment by covering the tea tree 7 almost completely (almost 100%) for a certain period before the tea tree 7 is plucked, and the sunlight irradiated on the outer surface of the covering material 11 is almost completely ( Almost 100%) to shield light. A frame (not shown) for arranging the covering material 11 is arranged around the tea tree 7, and the covering material 11 covers the tea tree 7 by being detachably covered on the frame. The covering material 11 blocks light in all wavelength bands including visible light (light with a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm) and FR light (light with a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm).
　なお、暗黒環境とは、茶樹７の茶葉が白色化する程度に可視光が遮光される環境のことである。茶樹７の茶葉が白色化される程度、微弱な光量の可視光が茶樹７に照射されてもよい。 The dark environment is an environment in which visible light is shielded to such an extent that the tea leaves of tea tree 7 are whitened. The tea tree 7 may be irradiated with a weak amount of visible light to the extent that the tea leaves of the tea tree 7 are whitened.
　露地栽培の場合、被覆資材１１は、茶樹７が並ぶ方向に延伸し、当該延伸する両端面においても茶樹７を覆う。このように、被覆資材１１は、茶樹７の上方および側方を全て覆う。 In the case of outdoor cultivation, the covering material 11 extends in the direction in which the tea tree 7 is arranged, and covers the tea tree 7 also at the extending both end surfaces. In this way, the covering material 11 covers all the upper and side portions of the tea tree 7.
　人工栽培の場合、被覆資材１１は、茶樹７が栽培されている培地ごと茶樹７を覆う筐体により構成することができる。このように、被覆資材１１は、茶樹７の上方、下方、および側方を全て覆う。 In the case of artificial cultivation, the covering material 11 can be constituted by a housing that covers the tea tree 7 together with the medium on which the tea tree 7 is grown. Thus, the covering material 11 covers all the upper, lower, and lateral sides of the tea tree 7.
　被覆資材１１は、茶樹７を覆うことで、茶樹７に照射される太陽光をほぼ完全に（ほぼ１００％）遮光することができる材質であればよく、例えば、黒色の樹脂フィルム、又は、一般的な建築資材で構成することができる。 The covering material 11 only needs to be a material that covers the tea tree 7 so that the sunlight irradiated to the tea tree 7 can be blocked almost completely (approximately 100%). For example, a black resin film or a general material Can be composed of traditional building materials.
　光源２１は被覆資材１１の天井に配されている。光源２１は、被覆資材１１が茶樹７を覆っている期間、茶樹７の樹冠を上方から照明する。光源２１は、可視光ではなく波長が７００ｎｍ以上８００ｎｍ以下であるＦＲ光３１を照射する。光源２１は、例えばＬＥＤからなる。 The light source 21 is arranged on the ceiling of the covering material 11. The light source 21 illuminates the crown of the tea tree 7 from above while the covering material 11 covers the tea tree 7. The light source 21 irradiates the FR light 31 having a wavelength of 700 nm to 800 nm, not visible light. The light source 21 consists of LED, for example.
　（栽培装置１による主な利点）
　栽培している茶樹７が、新芽生長期間である摘採前の一定期間に入ると、図１に示すように被覆資材１１で茶樹７を密封するように覆う。被覆資材１１は可視光および遠赤色光を含む全波長帯の光を遮光するため、被覆資材１１は、太陽光など被覆資材１１の外部からの光を遮光し、被覆資材１１の内部（被覆資材１１で覆われている内側）は暗黒環境となる。 (Main advantages of cultivation device 1)
When the cultivated tea tree 7 enters a certain period of time before plucking, which is a long-term sprouting period, the tea tree 7 is covered with a covering material 11 as shown in FIG. Since the covering material 11 shields light in all wavelength bands including visible light and far-red light, the covering material 11 shields light from the outside of the covering material 11 such as sunlight, and the inside of the covering material 11 (covering material) The inside covered with 11 is a dark environment.
　このような暗黒環境において新芽生長期間である茶樹７を栽培すると、特に可視光が茶樹７に照明されなくなることで、茶樹７の光合成は止まり、茶葉は白葉化する。これにより、摘採される新芽における成分は、渋み成分であるカテキンの生成を抑制すると共に、アスパラギンやアルギニンといったアミノ酸などのうま味成分が増加する。このため、品質が高い茶葉（収穫物）を得ることができる。 When growing the tea tree 7 that is a long-lasting shoot in such a dark environment, the photosynthesis of the tea tree 7 stops and the tea leaves turn into white leaves, especially when the visible light is not illuminated on the tea tree 7. Thereby, the components in the shoots to be picked up suppress the production of catechin, which is an astringent component, and increase umami components such as amino acids such as asparagine and arginine. For this reason, high quality tea leaves (harvested products) can be obtained.
　さらに、栽培装置１では、被覆資材１１の内部であって天井に、ＦＲ光３１を出射する光源２１が配されている。光源２１は、被覆資材１１が茶樹７を覆っている期間、茶樹７における樹冠の上方から茶樹７に対しＦＲ光３１を照明する。ＦＲ光３１は、可視光と違い、茶樹７の光合成にほとんど寄与しない。このため、茶樹７が光合成されない状態を維持することができる。これにより、図１７を用いて説明したような可視光を含む光源により補光をした場合と違い、十分に、茶樹７から摘採された茶の渋み成分の生成を抑制すると共に、うま味成分を増加させる効果を得ることができる。 Furthermore, in the cultivation apparatus 1, the light source 21 which emits the FR light 31 is arranged inside the covering material 11 and on the ceiling. The light source 21 illuminates the tea tree 7 with the FR light 31 from above the crown of the tea tree 7 while the covering material 11 covers the tea tree 7. Unlike visible light, the FR light 31 hardly contributes to the photosynthesis of the tea plant 7. For this reason, the state in which the tea tree 7 is not photo-synthesized can be maintained. Thus, unlike supplementary light with a light source including visible light as described with reference to FIG. 17, the generation of tea astringent components plucked from tea tree 7 is sufficiently suppressed and the umami component is increased. Effect can be obtained.
　加えて、被覆資材１１で覆われている茶樹にＦＲ光３１を照射することで、茶樹７の新芽の伸長が停止することを抑制することができる。この結果、茶樹７を暗黒下栽培するときに生じていた樹勢（生育力）の低下を抑制することができる。 In addition, by irradiating the tea tree covered with the covering material 11 with the FR light 31, it is possible to prevent the elongation of the sprout of the tea tree 7 from stopping. As a result, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the vigor (viability) that has occurred when the tea tree 7 is cultivated in the dark.
　このように栽培装置１としては、茶樹７の光合成を抑制する、という遮光栽培の目的を果たしながら、その弊害として生じる樹勢低下を緩和するために、光合成に影響しないＦＲ光を出射する光源２１を用いることが重要である。 As described above, the cultivation apparatus 1 has the light source 21 that emits the FR light that does not affect the photosynthesis in order to mitigate the decline in the vigor caused by the shading while suppressing the photosynthesis of the tea tree 7. It is important to use.
　一般的に、家庭の照明用等、植物栽培用以外に用いられる人工光源の多くはＦＲ光を含まない光を出射する。一方、一般的に植物栽培用として用いられている光源は可視光とＦＲ光との両方を含む光を出射する。しかし、ＦＲの波長帯（７００ｎｍ以上８００ｎｍ以下）にのみピーク波長を有するＦＲ光を出射する光源は、前記両者の何れにも使用されていなかった。 Generally, most of artificial light sources used for plant lighting and other purposes other than plant cultivation emit light that does not contain FR light. On the other hand, a light source generally used for plant cultivation emits light including both visible light and FR light. However, a light source that emits FR light having a peak wavelength only in the FR wavelength band (700 nm or more and 800 nm or less) has not been used for either of the above.
　しかし、後述する実施例の結果より、本願の発明者らは、遮光栽培中の茶樹７において、可視光の光を照射せずともＦＲ光の光を照射することで、茶樹７の樹勢低下の緩和が可能であるという新たな知見を得た。 However, from the results of the examples described later, the inventors of the present application can reduce the tree vigor of the tea tree 7 by irradiating the light of FR light without irradiating the light of visible light in the tea tree 7 during light-shielding cultivation. We obtained new knowledge that mitigation is possible.
　このため、遮光栽培を行っている茶樹７に対し、可視光を照射せず、ＦＲ光のみを照射するための専用の設備として栽培装置１を創造するに至った。 For this reason, the cultivation apparatus 1 has been created as a dedicated facility for irradiating only the FR light without irradiating visible light on the tea tree 7 that is subjected to shade cultivation.
　栽培装置１において、光源２１が茶樹７を照明するＦＲ光３１の光量は、特に限定されるものではないが、１０以上１０００μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１の範囲が適当である。 In the cultivation apparatus 1, the amount of the FR light 31 with which the light source 21 illuminates the tea tree 7 is not particularly limited, but a range of 10 to 1000 μmol · m −2 · s −1 is appropriate.
　後述する実施例の結果より、光源２１がＦＲ光３１を照射するタイミングは日中のみで効果があると考えられるが、夜間に照射しても構わない。 From the results of the examples described later, the timing at which the light source 21 irradiates the FR light 31 is considered to be effective only during the day, but it may be irradiated at night.
　また、人工光源を用いた水耕栽培である人工栽培条件で茶樹７を栽培した場合、後述する実施例で示すように、茶品質に重要なアミノ酸であるテアニンの含有量も増やすことができる。 In addition, when the tea tree 7 is cultivated under artificial cultivation conditions that are hydroponics using an artificial light source, the content of theanine, which is an amino acid important for tea quality, can be increased as shown in the examples described later.
　ここで、重要なアミノ酸のうちアスパラギンは、暗黒下栽培を行うことにより特異的に増加するアミノ酸である。このため、アスパラギンの含有量が多い茶は、暗黒下栽培を行った茶であると推定することができる。本実施形態に係る栽培装置１により栽培された茶樹７から収穫された茶には、後述する実施例の結果より、アスパラギンが１．３％以上と、多く含有されている。このため、高品質の茶を得ることができると共に、暗黒下栽培を行った茶であると推定することができる。 Here, among the important amino acids, asparagine is an amino acid that is specifically increased by cultivation in the dark. For this reason, it can be estimated that the tea with a high content of asparagine is a tea grown under darkness. The tea harvested from the tea tree 7 cultivated by the cultivation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment contains asparagine in a large amount of 1.3% or more from the results of Examples described later. For this reason, while being able to obtain a high quality tea, it can be estimated that it is the tea which performed cultivation under darkness.
　また、本実施形態に係る栽培装置１により栽培された茶樹７から収穫された茶には、後述する実施例の結果より、重要なアミノ酸のうちアルギニンが３．５％以上含まれる。このため、高品質の茶を得ることができる。換言すると、アルギニンが３．５％以上含まれている茶は、栽培装置１により栽培された茶樹７から収穫された茶であると推定することもできる。 Moreover, the tea harvested from the tea tree 7 cultivated by the cultivation apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment contains 3.5% or more of arginine among important amino acids from the results of Examples described later. For this reason, high quality tea can be obtained. In other words, it can be estimated that tea containing 3.5% or more of arginine is tea harvested from the tea tree 7 cultivated by the cultivation apparatus 1.
　〔実施形態２〕
　本発明の実施形態２について、図２および図３に基づいて説明すれば、以下のとおりである。なお、説明の便宜上、前記実施形態１にて説明した部材と同じ機能を有する部材については、同じ符号を付記し、その説明を省略する。 [Embodiment 2]
Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those described in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
　図２は本発明の実施形態２に係る栽培装置２の構成を表す断面図である。栽培装置２は、太陽光３２のうち、主にＦＲ光３３のみを透過する被覆資材（被覆部）１２を備えている。なお、栽培装置２は光源を備えていない。 FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 2 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The cultivation device 2 includes a covering material (covering portion) 12 that mainly transmits only the FR light 33 in the sunlight 32. In addition, the cultivation apparatus 2 is not provided with the light source.
　被覆資材１２は、被覆資材１１と同様に、茶樹７の摘採前の一定期間、ほぼ完全に（ほぼ１００％）茶樹７を覆うことで暗黒環境を作り出す。そして、被覆資材１２は、被覆資材１２の外側表面に照射される太陽光３２のうちＦＲ光以外をほぼ完全に（ほぼ１００％）遮光することで、ＦＲ光３３を茶樹７に照射する。茶樹７の周囲には被覆資材１２を配するための架台（不図示）が配されており、被覆資材１２は、架台に着脱可能に被せられることで茶樹７を覆っている。 The covering material 12, like the covering material 11, creates a dark environment by covering the tea tree 7 almost completely (almost 100%) for a certain period before the tea tree 7 is plucked. Then, the covering material 12 irradiates the tea tree 7 with the FR light 33 by substantially completely shielding (almost 100%) light other than the FR light in the sunlight 32 irradiated on the outer surface of the covering material 12. A frame (not shown) for arranging the covering material 12 is arranged around the tea tree 7, and the covering material 12 covers the tea tree 7 by being detachably covered on the frame.
　被覆資材１２は、外光のうち、ＦＲ光以外の特に可視光を反射または吸収することで、外光のうち、ＦＲ光以外の特に可視光を遮光する。 The covering material 12 shields particularly visible light other than the FR light out of the external light by reflecting or absorbing particularly visible light other than the FR light out of the external light.
　被覆資材１２を構成する材料としては波長選択特性がある樹脂フィルムを挙げることができる。このような樹脂フィルムを、目が細かいメッシュ状にすることで被覆資材１２を構成することが好ましい。これにより、可視光をほぼ完全に遮光しＦＲ光を透過しつつ、被覆資材１２で覆われた内部の空気濃度、温度、湿度、二酸化炭素濃度を、被覆資材１２より外側の周囲の環境と近い状態に維持することができる。 Examples of the material constituting the covering material 12 include a resin film having wavelength selection characteristics. It is preferable that the covering material 12 is configured by forming such a resin film into a fine mesh shape. As a result, the air concentration, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the covering material 12 are close to the surrounding environment outside the covering material 12 while substantially completely blocking visible light and transmitting FR light. Can be maintained in a state.
　被覆資材１２を構成する樹脂フィルムとしては、例えば、顔料などによって着色した、ポリプロピレン（ＰＰ）、ポリエチレン（ＰＥ）、ポリカーボネート（ＰＣ）などを挙げることができる。 Examples of the resin film constituting the covering material 12 include polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polycarbonate (PC) that are colored with a pigment or the like.
　図３は栽培装置２が備える被覆資材１２の透過スペクトルを表す図である。可視光の波長帯４００ｎｍ以上７００ｎｍ以下はＰＰＦＤ（photosynthetic photon flux density：光合成有効光量子束密度）として規定される波長帯である。 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a transmission spectrum of the covering material 12 included in the cultivation apparatus 2. The visible light wavelength band of 400 nm to 700 nm is a wavelength band defined as PPFD (photosyntheticsphoton flux density).
　図３に示すように、被覆資材１２は、太陽光のスペクトルＡのうち、ほぼ、波長帯７００ｎｍ以上８００ｎｍ以下であるＦＲ光のみを透過し、波長帯４００ｎｍ以上７００ｎｍ未満である可視光を遮光する。 As shown in FIG. 3, the covering material 12 transmits only the FR light having a wavelength band of 700 nm or more and 800 nm or less, and blocks visible light having a wavelength band of 400 nm or more and less than 700 nm in the spectrum A of sunlight. .
　このように、栽培装置２は、茶樹７の収穫前の一定期間、茶樹７を覆う被覆資材１２を備える。被覆資材１２は、太陽光３２のうち、ＦＲ光３３を透過し可視光を遮光する。 Thus, the cultivation apparatus 2 includes the covering material 12 that covers the tea tree 7 for a certain period before the tea tree 7 is harvested. The covering material 12 transmits the FR light 33 out of the sunlight 32 and blocks visible light.
　ここで、通常のハウス栽培では、ＦＲ光による室内の気温上昇が嫌われるため、茶樹を覆う樹脂フィルムとして、透過する太陽光のうちＦＲ光の光量を低減する樹脂フィルムが採用されることが多い。このため、これまで、可視光を遮光し、ＦＲ光を透過するフィルムは、特に茶樹の栽培には使用されていなかった。 Here, in normal house cultivation, since an increase in indoor temperature due to FR light is disliked, a resin film that reduces the amount of FR light in the transmitted sunlight is often employed as a resin film that covers tea trees. . For this reason, until now, the film which shields visible light and permeate | transmits FR light has not been used especially for cultivation of tea plants.
　一方、被覆資材１２は、新芽伸長期間である、茶樹７の摘採の前の一定期間、茶樹７を覆い、また、太陽光３２のうち可視光を遮光するため、茶樹７から摘採される茶葉のうま味成分を増加させることができる。 On the other hand, the covering material 12 covers the tea tree 7 for a certain period of time before the tea tree 7 is plucked, which is a sprouting period, and also blocks the tea leaves plucked from the tea tree 7 in order to shield visible light from the sunlight 32. The umami component can be increased.
　さらに、被覆資材１２は、太陽光３２のうちＦＲ光３３を透過するため、一定期間、茶樹７が暗黒下栽培されたことに伴う茶樹７の樹勢低下を抑制することができる。 Furthermore, since the covering material 12 transmits the FR light 33 out of the sunlight 32, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the vigor of the tea tree 7 due to the tea tree 7 being cultivated in the dark for a certain period.
　このように、栽培装置２によると、ＦＲ光を人工的に照射した場合と同じく、日中に暗黒下栽培に加えＦＲ光を茶樹７に照射する状態となるため、茶樹７から摘採される茶葉のうま味成分増加と、茶樹７の樹勢低下の抑制とを両立させることができる。 Thus, according to the cultivation apparatus 2, since it will be in the state which irradiates FR light to the tea tree 7 in addition to the cultivation under darkness in the daytime similarly to the case where FR light is artificially irradiated, the tea leaves plucked from the tea tree 7 The increase in the umami component and the suppression of the decrease in the vigor of the tea tree 7 can both be achieved.
　また、茶樹７の新芽形成が迅速に行われるため、２番茶以降の茶期にも収穫が期待できる。 Moreover, since the sprout formation of the tea tree 7 is carried out quickly, it can be expected to harvest during the tea season after the second tea.
　〔実施形態３〕
　本発明の実施形態３について、図４～６に基づいて説明すれば、以下のとおりである。なお、説明の便宜上、前記実施形態１、２にて説明した部材と同じ機能を有する部材については、同じ符号を付記し、その説明を省略する。 [Embodiment 3]
The third embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those described in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
　図４は本発明の実施形態３に係る栽培装置３の構成を表す断面図である。図４に示すように、栽培装置３は、太陽光３２のうち可視光をＦＲ光３４に変換して透過する被覆資材（被覆部）１３を備えている。なお、栽培装置３は光源を備えていない。 FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 3 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the cultivation device 3 includes a covering material (covering portion) 13 that converts visible light into FR light 34 in sunlight 32 and transmits the light. In addition, the cultivation apparatus 3 is not provided with the light source.
　被覆資材１３は、被覆資材１１と同様に、茶樹７の摘採前の一定期間、ほぼ完全に（ほぼ１００％）茶樹７を覆うことで暗黒環境を作り出す。そして、被覆資材１３は、外側表面に照射される太陽光３２のうち可視光をＦＲ光３４に変換し、ＦＲ光３４を茶樹７に照射する。茶樹７の周囲には被覆資材１３を配するための架台（不図示）が配されており、被覆資材１３は、架台に着脱可能に被せられることで茶樹７を覆っている。 The covering material 13, like the covering material 11, creates a dark environment by covering the tea tree 7 almost completely (almost 100%) for a certain period before the tea tree 7 is plucked. And the coating | covering material 13 converts visible light into the FR light 34 among the sunlight 32 irradiated to an outer surface, and irradiates the tea tree 7 with the FR light 34. FIG. A frame (not shown) for arranging the covering material 13 is disposed around the tea tree 7, and the covering material 13 covers the tea tree 7 by being detachably covered on the frame.
　図５は被覆資材１３の構成を表す断面図である。被覆資材１３は、太陽光３２のうち可視光をＦＲ光へと波長変換する波長変換層（第１層）１３ａと、ＦＲ光を透過し可視光を遮光するＦＲ光透過層（第２層）１３ｂとを備る。 FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the covering material 13. The covering material 13 includes a wavelength conversion layer (first layer) 13 a that converts the wavelength of visible light into FR light in the sunlight 32, and an FR light transmission layer (second layer) that transmits FR light and blocks visible light. 13b.
　波長変換層（第１層）１３ａは、ＦＲ光透過層１３ｂよりも、被覆資材１３における太陽光の入射側に積層されている。波長変換層１３ａは、可視光により励起されＦＲ光を出射する蛍光体１３ｃと、蛍光体１３ｃを封止する樹脂フィルムである封止層１３ｄとを備えている。ＦＲ光透過層１３ｂはＦＲ光を含めＦＲ光の波長帯より長波長（すなわち波長７００ｎｍ以上）の光を透過し、可視光を含め可視光より低波長（すなわち７００ｎｍ未満）の光を遮光する樹脂フィルムからなる。 The wavelength conversion layer (first layer) 13a is laminated on the incident side of sunlight in the covering material 13 rather than the FR light transmission layer 13b. The wavelength conversion layer 13a includes a phosphor 13c that is excited by visible light and emits FR light, and a sealing layer 13d that is a resin film that seals the phosphor 13c. The FR light transmission layer 13b is a resin that transmits light having a wavelength longer than the wavelength band of FR light including FR light (that is, a wavelength of 700 nm or more) and shielding light including visible light having a wavelength lower than visible light (that is, less than 700 nm). Made of film.
　被覆資材１３は、波長変換層１３ａおよびＦＲ光透過層１３ｂにより、太陽光３２のうち可視光を遮光すると共に、波長変換層１３ａによりＦＲ光を、被覆資材１３が覆う内部へ出射することができる。 The covering material 13 can block visible light of the sunlight 32 by the wavelength conversion layer 13a and the FR light transmission layer 13b, and can emit the FR light to the inside covered by the covering material 13 by the wavelength conversion layer 13a. .
　さらに、波長変換層１３ａは、２層構造となっているため、波長変換層１３ａで、太陽光３２のうち可視光をＦＲ光に変換すると共に、変換しきれない可視光は波長変換層１３ａの下層に配されたＦＲ光透過層１３ｂにより遮光される。これにより、暗黒環境栽培下の茶樹７に可視光が照射されることを、より確実に防止することができる。 Furthermore, since the wavelength conversion layer 13a has a two-layer structure, the wavelength conversion layer 13a converts visible light from the sunlight 32 into FR light, and visible light that cannot be converted is converted to the wavelength conversion layer 13a. The light is shielded by the FR light transmission layer 13b disposed in the lower layer. Thereby, it can prevent more reliably that visible light is irradiated to the tea tree 7 under dark environment cultivation.
　なお、被覆資材１３を、目が細かいメッシュ状にしてもよい。これにより、可視光をほぼ完全に遮光し可視光をＦＲ光へ変換しつつ、被覆資材１３で覆われた内部の空気濃度、温度、湿度、二酸化炭素濃度を、被覆資材１３より外側の周囲の環境と近い状態に維持することができる。 Note that the covering material 13 may have a fine mesh shape. As a result, while the visible light is almost completely blocked and the visible light is converted into the FR light, the air concentration, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration covered with the covering material 13 are changed to the surroundings outside the covering material 13. It can be kept close to the environment.
　図６は栽培装置３が備える被覆資材１３の透過スペクトルを表す図である。図６に示すように、被覆資材１３は、太陽光のスペクトルＡのうち、ほぼ、波長帯７００ｎｍ以上８００ｎｍ以下であるＦＲ光のみを透過し、波長帯４００ｎｍ以上７００ｎｍ未満である可視光をスペクトルＢに示すＦＲ光へと変換する。 FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a transmission spectrum of the covering material 13 provided in the cultivation apparatus 3. As shown in FIG. 6, the covering material 13 transmits only the FR light having a wavelength band of 700 nm to 800 nm and transmits visible light having a wavelength band of 400 nm to less than 700 nm in the spectrum A of sunlight. To the FR light shown in FIG.
　このように、栽培装置３は、可視光を含む短波長の光を、ＦＲ光より長波長の光へと変換することで、日中に可視光をほぼゼロ（暗黒下栽培）とし、かつ、ＦＲ光を茶樹７に照射することができる。 Thus, the cultivation apparatus 3 converts the short wavelength light including visible light into light having a longer wavelength than the FR light, thereby reducing the visible light to almost zero during daytime (cultivation in the dark), and The FR light can be irradiated to the tea plant 7.
　これにより、高品質な茶葉を生産しつつ、収穫後に樹勢を回復するための新芽形成を促すことができる。 This makes it possible to promote the formation of shoots to restore the vigor after harvesting while producing high-quality tea leaves.
　〔実施形態４〕
　本発明の実施形態４について、図７、８に基づいて説明すれば、以下のとおりである。なお、説明の便宜上、前記実施形態１～３にて説明した部材と同じ機能を有する部材については、同じ符号を付記し、その説明を省略する。 [Embodiment 4]
The following description will discuss Embodiment 4 of the present invention with reference to FIGS. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those explained in the first to third embodiments are given the same reference numerals and explanation thereof is omitted.
　図７は実施形態４に係る栽培装置４の構成を表す図である。図７に示すように、栽培装置４は、被覆資材１１と、光源２１と、治具４１とを備えている。栽培装置４は、治具４１を備え、光源２１が被覆資材１１の天井ではなく治具４１に配されている点で、栽培装置１と相違する。栽培装置４の他の構成は、栽培装置１と同様である。 FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 4 according to the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the cultivation device 4 includes a covering material 11, a light source 21, and a jig 41. The cultivation apparatus 4 includes a jig 41 and is different from the cultivation apparatus 1 in that the light source 21 is arranged on the jig 41 instead of the ceiling of the covering material 11. Other configurations of the cultivation device 4 are the same as those of the cultivation device 1.
　治具４１は、チューブ状（筒状）である形状を有しており、地面等、茶樹７が栽培されている栽培面に設置されている。光源２１は、光出射方向が、茶樹７が栽培されている培地の表面に対して仰角をなすように治具４１に配されている。栽培装置４では光源２１は、下方から茶樹の樹冠にＦＲ光３１を出射する。 The jig 41 has a tube-like (cylindrical) shape, and is installed on the cultivation surface on which the tea tree 7 is cultivated, such as the ground. The light source 21 is arranged on the jig 41 so that the light emission direction forms an elevation angle with respect to the surface of the medium on which the tea tree 7 is grown. In the cultivation apparatus 4, the light source 21 emits the FR light 31 from below to the crown of the tea tree.
　図８は比較例に係る栽培装置１０１の構成を表す図である。栽培装置１０１は、被覆資材１１１と、光源１２１とを備えている。栽培装置１０１では光源１２１は、茶樹１０７を覆う被覆資材１１１の天井に配されている。そして、光源１２１は茶樹１０７の樹冠に対し上方からＦＲ光１３１を出射する。しかし、樹冠の状態によっては、図８の領域Ｃに示す茶樹における樹冠群の内部の葉面に、光源１２１からのＦＲ光１３１が十分に届かない場合がある。また、矢印Ｄに示すように、被覆資材１１１の天井と茶樹１０７の樹冠との距離が大きい場合、光源１２１の光量も強くする必要があり、光源１２１を発光させるに必要なエネルギーが大きくなる。この結果、製造コスト増大に繋がる。 FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 101 according to the comparative example. The cultivation apparatus 101 includes a covering material 111 and a light source 121. In the cultivation apparatus 101, the light source 121 is arranged on the ceiling of the covering material 111 that covers the tea tree 107. The light source 121 emits the FR light 131 from above with respect to the crown of the tea tree 107. However, depending on the state of the tree crown, the FR light 131 from the light source 121 may not sufficiently reach the leaf surface inside the crown group in the tea tree shown in the region C of FIG. In addition, as indicated by an arrow D, when the distance between the ceiling of the covering material 111 and the crown of the tea tree 107 is large, the light amount of the light source 121 needs to be increased, and the energy necessary for causing the light source 121 to emit light increases. As a result, the manufacturing cost increases.
　一方、図７に示す栽培装置４によると、光源２１は、光出射方向が、茶樹７が栽培されている培地の表面に対して仰角をなすように、栽培面に直接、または間接的に配されている。すなわち、光源２１は、茶樹７の樹冠より下方であって茶樹７の群落内に配されている。 On the other hand, according to the cultivation apparatus 4 shown in FIG. 7, the light source 21 is directly or indirectly arranged on the cultivation surface so that the light emission direction forms an elevation angle with respect to the surface of the medium on which the tea tree 7 is cultivated. Has been. That is, the light source 21 is disposed below the crown of the tea tree 7 and in the community of the tea tree 7.
　このため、光源２１は、茶樹７の群落内であって下方から茶樹７の樹冠に、ＦＲ光３１を出射する。これにより、効率よく、十分に、茶樹７の群落内の樹冠にＦＲ光３１を出射することができる。これにより、ＦＲ光３１を茶樹７に照射する効果を十分に得ることができる。 For this reason, the light source 21 emits the FR light 31 to the crown of the tea tree 7 from below in the canopy of the tea tree 7. Thereby, the FR light 31 can be efficiently and sufficiently emitted to the canopy in the canopy of the tea tree 7. Thereby, the effect which irradiates the FR light 31 to the tea tree 7 can fully be acquired.
　また、被覆資材１１の天井と茶樹７の樹冠との間に距離があったとしても、ＦＲ光３１を被覆資材１１の天井に配する場合と比べて光源２１の光量を抑えることができるため、高い光量の出射が可能な光源２１を用意する必要がない。この結果、栽培装置４の製造コストを抑えることができ、また、栽培装置４のランニングコストを抑えることができる。 Moreover, even if there is a distance between the ceiling of the covering material 11 and the crown of the tea tree 7, the light amount of the light source 21 can be suppressed as compared with the case where the FR light 31 is arranged on the ceiling of the covering material 11. There is no need to prepare a light source 21 capable of emitting a high amount of light. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the cultivation device 4 can be reduced, and the running cost of the cultivation device 4 can be reduced.
　さらに、光源２１はチューブ状の治具の中に納まっているため、専用の架台などを用意する必要がなく、また、光源２１の取り扱いが容易である。このため、栽培装置４の製造コストおよびランニングコストを低減することができる。 Furthermore, since the light source 21 is housed in a tube-shaped jig, it is not necessary to prepare a dedicated stand or the like, and the light source 21 is easy to handle. For this reason, the manufacturing cost and running cost of the cultivation apparatus 4 can be reduced.
　〔実施形態５〕
　本発明の実施形態５について、図９に基づいて説明すれば、以下のとおりである。なお、説明の便宜上、前記実施形態１～４にて説明した部材と同じ機能を有する部材については、同じ符号を付記し、その説明を省略する。 [Embodiment 5]
The fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. For convenience of explanation, members having the same functions as those described in the first to fourth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
　図９は実施形態５に係る栽培装置１の構成を表す図である。栽培装置１においては、被覆資材１１は、茶樹とは異なる植物８を被覆している。なお、本実施形態に係る栽培装置１は、実施形態１で説明した栽培装置１と同じ構成である。 FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the cultivation apparatus 1 according to the fifth embodiment. In the cultivation apparatus 1, the covering material 11 covers a plant 8 different from the tea plant. In addition, the cultivation apparatus 1 which concerns on this embodiment is the same structure as the cultivation apparatus 1 demonstrated in Embodiment 1. FIG.
　植物８は、例えば、茶樹以外の永年作物である。永年作物とは、長期に亘り植え替えをせず、一つの植物体から何度も収穫を得る作物のことである。植物８の一例としては、果樹やコーヒー豆等を挙げることができる。 Plant 8 is, for example, a permanent crop other than tea plant. Perennial crops are crops that are not replanted over a long period of time and are harvested many times from a single plant. Examples of the plant 8 include fruit trees and coffee beans.
　暗黒下栽培によってアミノ酸が増加・変動することは、すでにモデル植物であるシロイヌナズナの栽培によっても確認されている。このため、暗黒下栽培をしたあと、ＦＲ光３１の照射により樹勢低下を抑制できる効果は、幅広い植物種に対し有効に得ることができると考えられる。 It has already been confirmed by the cultivation of Arabidopsis thaliana, which is a model plant, that amino acids increase and fluctuate in the dark. For this reason, it is thought that the effect which can suppress tree fall by irradiation of FR light 31 after dark cultivation can be effectively acquired with respect to a wide variety of plant species.
　植物８の種類によって、適切な遮光時期を設定し、その期間に植物８を被覆資材１１で覆うことで暗黒下栽培をすることで、植物８の葉や根のアミノ酸が変動し、それが果実等の作物にも波及すると考えられる。 Depending on the type of plant 8, an appropriate shading time is set, and the plant 8 is covered with the covering material 11 during that period, so that the amino acids in the leaves and roots of the plant 8 fluctuate. It is thought that it will spread to other crops.
　さらに、植物８は永年作物でなくとも、暗黒下栽培を行う植物であればよい。例えば、ホワイトアスパラガスは、永年作物ではないが、暗黒下栽培を利用して、アスパラギン（うま味を呈するアミノ酸）の増加を行っている一例である。 Furthermore, the plant 8 may be a plant that is cultivated in the dark, even if it is not a perennial crop. For example, white asparagus is an example of increasing asparagine (amino acid exhibiting umami) by using dark cultivation, although it is not a perennial crop.
　アミノ酸の増加や組成の変動は、植物８の風味・品質に影響を及ぼすため、特徴的な作物の栽培が可能となる。 ∙ An increase in amino acids and changes in composition affect the flavor and quality of the plant 8, so that characteristic crops can be cultivated.
　茶樹と同様、茶樹以外の植物８であっても暗黒下栽培は植物８の樹勢を低下させるため、栽培装置１による光源２１からＦＲ光３１を植物８に照射することで、植物８の樹勢低下を抑制することができる。これにより、植物８からの収穫物のうま味成分増加と、植物８の樹勢低下の抑制とを両立させることができる。 As in the case of tea trees, even in the case of plants 8 other than tea trees, the cultivation under darkness reduces the vigor of the plants 8. Therefore, the plant 8 is lowered by irradiating the plant 8 with the FR light 31 from the light source 21 by the cultivation apparatus 1. Can be suppressed. Thereby, both the increase in the umami component of the harvest from the plant 8 and the suppression of the decrease in the vigor of the plant 8 can be achieved.
　〔実施例〕
　次に、図１０～図１６を用い本発明の実施例について説明する。密閉された筐体である栽培室内において茶樹の水耕栽培を行い、ＦＲ光の照射の有無による新芽の伸長の様子の違いを観察した。 〔Example〕
Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The tea plant was hydroponically cultivated in the cultivation chamber, which was a sealed casing, and the difference in the state of the growth of the shoots was observed depending on whether or not the FR light was irradiated.
　まず、図１０～図１２を用いて、遮光期間中にＦＲ光を照明しなかった場合の実験結果について説明する。 First, the experimental results when the FR light is not illuminated during the light shielding period will be described with reference to FIGS.
　図１０は摘採前の茶樹の様子を表す図である。図１１は、摘採後にＦＲ光を照射しなかった場合の茶樹の様子を表している。図１２は、図１１に示す茶樹の新芽近傍を拡大した様子を表し、（ａ）は伸長しなかった新芽を表し、（ｂ）は枯死した新芽を表す図である。 FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the state of the tea tree before plucking. FIG. 11 shows the state of the tea tree when FR light is not irradiated after plucking. FIG. 12 shows a state in which the vicinity of a shoot of the tea tree shown in FIG. 11 is enlarged, (a) shows a shoot that has not expanded, and (b) shows a dead shoot.
　図１０～図１２に示すように、外光が入らない栽培室内において茶樹の水耕栽培を行った。栽培室の側壁にはＬＥＤが配されており人工光の照明が可能となっている。今回の実験では、通常、茶樹に照射される太陽光の光量としてＰＰＦＤ：１６００μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１を基準とした。 As shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, tea trees were hydroponically cultivated in a cultivation room that did not receive external light. LED is arranged on the side wall of the cultivation room, and illumination of artificial light is possible. In this experiment, PPFD: 1600 μmol · m −2 · s −1 was used as a standard for the amount of sunlight irradiated to tea trees.
　図１０～図１２に示す実験では、遮光期間中の低光量環境として、ＬＥＤからＰＰＦＤ：１６μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１の可視光を茶樹に照明することで、太陽光が９９％遮光された場合と同じ環境を作り出した。図１０～図１２に示す実験では、茶樹に対しＦＲ光を照明しなかった。 In the experiments shown in FIG. 10 to FIG. 12, 99% of sunlight is shielded by illuminating the tea tree with visible light of PPFD: 16 μmol · m −2 · s −1 from the LED as a low light environment during the light shielding period. Created the same environment. In the experiments shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, the tea plant was not illuminated with FR light.
　図１０および図１１に示すように、摘採後は茶樹の樹勢が大きく低下していることが分かる。図１２の（ａ）における領域Ｆ１～Ｆ３に示すように新たに形成された新芽は伸長しなかった。また、図１２の（ｂ）における領域Ｆ４・Ｆ５に示すように、生育の途中にあった新芽の多くは痛んだり枯死したりし、伸長しなかった。 As shown in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, it can be seen that the tree vigor is greatly reduced after plucking. As shown in the regions F1 to F3 in (a) of FIG. 12, the newly formed shoots did not extend. Also, as shown in regions F4 and F5 in FIG. 12B, many of the shoots that were in the middle of growth were damaged or withered and did not extend.
　このように、暗黒環境下において、ＦＲ光の照射をせず、微小な光量の可視光を照射するだけでは、摘採後に樹勢が大きく低下することが分かった。そして、この樹勢の低下の大きな原因は、新芽が伸長しないことであることが分かった。 Thus, it was found that the tree vigor was greatly reduced after plucking only by irradiating a minute amount of visible light without irradiating the FR light in a dark environment. And it turned out that the big cause of this fall of a tree vigor is that a sprout does not expand | extend.
　図１０～図１２に示した実験は、太陽光を９９％遮光した場合を想定したものであったが、この場合でも大きく樹勢が低下した。このため、太陽光を１００％遮光した場合は、さらに大きく樹勢が低下すると考えられる。 The experiments shown in FIGS. 10 to 12 were based on the assumption that the sunlight was shielded by 99%, but even in this case, the tree vigor decreased significantly. For this reason, when sunlight is light-shielded 100%, it is thought that a tree vigor will fall further.
　次に、図１３および図１４を用いて、遮光期間中にＦＲ光を照明した場合の実験結果について説明する。図１３は、摘採後にＦＲ光を照射した場合の茶樹の様子を表している。図１４は、図１３に示す茶樹の新芽近傍を拡大した様子を表す図である。 Next, the experimental results when the FR light is illuminated during the light shielding period will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 13 shows the state of the tea tree when irradiated with FR light after plucking. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a state in which the vicinity of shoots of the tea tree illustrated in FIG. 13 is enlarged.
　図１３および図１４に示す実験では、遮光期間中の暗黒環境を、可視光が１００％遮光された環境とした。つまり、可視光を茶樹に照射しなかった。また、ＬＥＤを点灯することでＦＲ光を茶樹に照射した。 In the experiments shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the dark environment during the light shielding period was an environment where 100% of visible light was shielded. That is, the tea tree was not irradiated with visible light. In addition, the tea tree was irradiated with FR light by turning on the LED.
　図１３に示すように、摘採したため、摘採前と比べて全体として樹勢は低下しているものの、ＦＲ光を照射すると、摘採した箇所などから次の新芽が形成および伸長していることが分かった。 As shown in FIG. 13, since the tree was dropped as a whole because it was picked, it was found that when the FR light was irradiated, the next shoot was formed and extended from the picked part. .
　図１４における領域Ｔ１～Ｔ３に示すように、新芽が旺盛な生育を見せており、茶樹における樹勢の回復の兆候が見られた。このように、摘採した後ＦＲ光を照射すると次の新芽が形成されるため、人工栽培環境で茶樹を栽培すると周年栽培が可能であると考えられる。 As shown in regions T1 to T3 in FIG. 14, the shoots showed vigorous growth, indicating signs of recovery of the tree vigor. Thus, since the next sprout is formed when irradiated with FR light after plucking, it is considered that year-round cultivation is possible when a tea tree is cultivated in an artificial cultivation environment.
　本実施例では栽培室で栽培した茶樹の樹勢が回復することが分かったが、同様に、露地で栽培する茶樹に対しても樹勢を回復させる効果が期待される。 In this example, it was found that the tree vigor of the tea tree cultivated in the cultivation room was recovered, but similarly, the effect of restoring the tree vigor is expected for the tea tree cultivated in the open field.
　アミノ酸含有量は茶品質との相関が高いことが知られている。特に、テアニンとアルギニンの含有量は茶品質と高い相関を示す。本実施例における暗黒下栽培実験では、これらアミノ酸の含有量が極めて高い茶葉（テアニンが５．３％、アルギニンが３．７％）を得ることができた。 It is known that the amino acid content is highly correlated with tea quality. In particular, the theanine and arginine contents are highly correlated with tea quality. In the experiment under darkness in this example, tea leaves (theanine was 5.3% and arginine was 3.7%) having an extremely high content of these amino acids could be obtained.
　図１５は本実施例によって得られた茶葉と、その他の茶葉とのアミノ酸含有量を比較した図である。 FIG. 15 is a diagram comparing the amino acid contents of tea leaves obtained in this example and other tea leaves.
　図１５に示す表のうち、項目「暗黒下栽培（ＦＲ照射）」が、図１３および図１４で示した本実施例によって作成した茶葉のアミノ酸量を表す。主要なアミノ酸として、ここでは、アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン、グルタミン、アルギニン、およびテアニンそれぞれの量とその合計量とを各茶葉毎に比較した。 In the table shown in FIG. 15, the item “Dark under cultivation (FR irradiation)” represents the amino acid amount of the tea leaves prepared by this example shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. Here, as the main amino acids, the amounts of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, and theanine and their total amounts were compared for each tea leaf.
　図１５に示すように、本実施例によって作成した茶葉は、アスパラギン、グルタミン、アルギニン、およびテアニンについて、品評会上位茶平均や市販中級抹茶より多いことが分かった。また、上記６種類の主要なアミノ酸の合計量は、１２９９２［ｍｇ／１００ｇＤＷ］（ＤＷ（Dry Weight）：乾燥時の重量）であり、１００００［ｍｇ／１００ｇＤＷ］すなわち１０％を超えている。発明者らの解析によると、上記６種類の主要なアミノ酸の合計量の割合が１０％を超えるのは、品評会の茶でも最上位のものだけである。このように、本実施例の方法によって作成した茶は、品評会上位茶の中でも特に品質の高いものと同等のアミノ酸含有量を示していた。 As shown in FIG. 15, it was found that the tea leaves prepared by this example had more asparagine, glutamine, arginine, and theanine than the average tea average of the quality review meeting and the commercially available middle-class matcha tea. The total amount of the six major amino acids is 12992 [mg / 100 g DW] (DW (Dry Weight): weight when dried), which exceeds 10,000 [mg / 100 g DW], that is, 10%. According to the analysis by the inventors, the ratio of the total amount of the six major amino acids is more than 10% only in the highest grade tea. As described above, the tea prepared by the method of the present example showed an amino acid content equivalent to that of the tea with a particularly high quality among the high quality teas.
　これより、人工栽培環境による効果も含まれるものの、本実施例の方法による栽培方法により、高品質な茶葉が得られることが分かった。 From this, it was found that high-quality tea leaves can be obtained by the cultivation method according to the method of the present example, although the effect of the artificial cultivation environment is included.
　図１６は、暗黒栽培下でＦＲ光を照射した場合における茶葉と、それ以外の場合における茶葉のアミノ酸量を表す図である。 FIG. 16 is a diagram showing the amount of amino acids of tea leaves when irradiated with FR light under dark cultivation and tea leaves in other cases.
　図１６に示す表における各項目「暗黒下栽培（ＦＲ照射）」、「白色光（ＦＲ照射）」、「白色光（ＦＲなし）」の栽培環境は以下の通りである。
・「暗黒下栽培（ＦＲ照射）」：図１３および図１４で示したように、茶葉の摘採前の一定期間、暗黒栽培（可視光を１００％遮光）下においてＦＲ光を照射した場合の茶葉である。
・「白色光（ＦＲ照射）」：茶葉の摘採前の一定期間、低光量（９９％遮光）で栽培し、同時にＦＲ光を照射した茶葉である。
・「白色光（ＦＲなし）」：茶葉の摘採前の一定期間、低光量（９９％遮光）で栽培し、ＦＲ光を照射しなかった茶葉である。 The cultivation environment of each item “cultivation in the dark (FR irradiation)”, “white light (FR irradiation)”, and “white light (without FR)” in the table shown in FIG. 16 is as follows.
・ "Dark under cultivation (FR irradiation)": As shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, tea leaves when irradiated with FR light under dark cultivation (visible light 100% shading) for a certain period before the tea leaves are plucked It is.
"White light (FR irradiation)": Tea leaves that have been cultivated with a low light intensity (99% shading) for a certain period of time before plucking tea leaves and irradiated with FR light at the same time.
"White light (without FR)": Tea leaves that have been cultivated with a low light intensity (99% shading) for a certain period of time before plucking the tea leaves and have not been irradiated with FR light.
　図１６に示すように、主要なアミノ酸（アスパラギン酸、グルタミン酸、アスパラギン、グルタミン、アルギニン、テアニン）の合計は「暗黒下栽培（ＦＲ照射）」環境下で栽培した茶樹が一番多いことが分かる。また、通常の露地栽培では多いものでもアスパラギンは０．５％、アルギニンは２．０％程度しか含まれないが、「暗黒下栽培（ＦＲ照射）」環境下にて栽培した茶葉においては、それぞれ約２．０％（２０４７［ｍｇ／１００ｇＤＷ］）、約３．８％（３７９３［ｍｇ／１００ｇＤＷ］）と特異的な増加を見せている。さらに、ＦＲ光を照射したものは照射しなかったものに比べグルタミン含有量が増加することが分かった。 As shown in FIG. 16, the total of the main amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine, glutamine, arginine, and theanine) is found to be the largest in tea trees cultivated in a “dark cultivation (FR irradiation)” environment. In addition, asparagine is only about 0.5% and arginine is only about 2.0% even in the usual outdoor cultivation, but in the tea leaves grown under the environment of "dark cultivation (FR irradiation)" It shows a specific increase of about 2.0% (2047 [mg / 100 gDW]) and about 3.8% (3793 [mg / 100 gDW]). Further, it was found that the content of glutamine increased in those irradiated with FR light compared to those not irradiated.
　アルギニンは、上述のように茶の品質と相関の高い成分である。発明者らの解析によると品評会最上位茶でもアルギニン含有量の割合は２％台である。一方、本実施例による方法によって得られた茶には、３７９３［ｍｇ／１００ｇＤＷ］と３．７％以上のアルギニンが含有されており、品評会最上位茶より多い。さらに、図１６に示した「白色光（ＦＲ照射）」及び「白色光（ＦＲなし）」それぞれの環境で栽培された茶と比べても、アルギニンが３．５％以上含まれている茶は、「暗黒下栽培（ＦＲ照射）」方法により栽培した茶だけであった。換言すると、アルギニンが３．５％以上含まれている茶は、「暗黒下栽培（ＦＲ照射）」方法により栽培した茶であるということもできると考えられる。 Arginine is a component highly correlated with tea quality as described above. According to the analysis by the inventors, the ratio of the arginine content is about 2% even in the top tea of the product review meeting. On the other hand, the tea obtained by the method according to the present example contains 3793 [mg / 100 g DW] and 3.7% or more of arginine, which is more than the top tea of the quality review meeting. Furthermore, even when compared with the tea cultivated in each environment of “white light (FR irradiation)” and “white light (without FR)” shown in FIG. , Only tea cultivated by the “dark cultivation (FR irradiation)” method. In other words, it is considered that tea containing 3.5% or more of arginine can be said to be tea cultivated by the “dark cultivation (FR irradiation)” method.
　ここで、アスパラギンは暗黒下栽培を行うことにより特異的に増加するアミノ酸である。このため、アスパラギンの含有量が多い茶は、暗黒下栽培を行った茶であると推定することができる、図１６に示したように、「白色光（ＦＲ照射）」及び「白色光（ＦＲなし）」それぞれの環境で栽培された茶と比べても、アスパラギンを１．３％以上、より具体的には２％以上（２０４７［ｍｇ／１００ｇＤＷ］）含有しているのは、「暗黒下栽培（ＦＲ照射）」方法により栽培した茶だけであった。このように、「暗黒下栽培（ＦＲ照射）」方法により茶を栽培することで、特にアスパラギンの含有量が２％以上と多い茶を収穫することができ、かつ、当該茶を収穫した茶樹の樹勢の低下を抑制できることが分かった。換言すると、アスパラギンが１．３％以上含まれている茶は、「暗黒下栽培（ＦＲ照射）」方法により栽培した茶であるということもできると考えられる。 Here, asparagine is an amino acid that is specifically increased by cultivation in the dark. For this reason, tea with a high content of asparagine can be presumed to be tea that has been cultivated in the dark. As shown in FIG. 16, “white light (FR irradiation)” and “white light (FR) None) ”Asparagine content is 1.3% or more, more specifically 2% or more (2047 [mg / 100gDW]) compared to tea grown in each environment. Only tea cultivated by the “cultivation (FR irradiation)” method. Thus, by cultivating tea by the “dark cultivation (FR irradiation)” method, it is possible to harvest particularly tea with asparagine content of 2% or more, and the tea tree from which the tea was harvested. It turned out that the fall of a tree can be suppressed. In other words, the tea containing 1.3% or more of asparagine can be considered to be a tea cultivated by the “dark cultivation (FR irradiation)” method.
　以上のように、暗黒下栽培をしている茶樹において、摘採後、可視光を照射せずともＦＲ光を照射することで茶樹の樹勢低下を抑制することができることが分かった。 As described above, it was found that, in a tea tree that is cultivated under dark conditions, after harvesting, irradiation with FR light can be suppressed without irradiation with visible light, thereby reducing the decline in the tree vigor of the tea tree.
　暗黒下栽培を実施している際の茶樹への可視光の光量について、茶葉位置で測定した際、１６μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１であっても茶葉が白色化せず、緑色であった。このため、１６μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１未満の光量に白色化する変換点があると考えられる。茶葉を白色化するためには、完全に１００％可視光を遮光する必要はないものの、少なくとも、１６μｍｏｌ・ｍ－２・ｓ－１未満とする必要があることが分かった。 The amount of visible light applied to the tea plant during cultivation in the dark was measured at the tea leaf position, and the tea leaf did not whiten and was green even at 16 μmol · m −2 · s −1 . . For this reason, it is considered that there is a conversion point for whitening to an amount of light of less than 16 μmol · m −2 · s −1 . It was found that in order to whiten the tea leaves, it was not necessary to completely block 100% visible light, but at least less than 16 μmol · m −2 · s −1 was necessary.
　〔まとめ〕
　本発明の態様１に係る栽培装置１・４は、栽培している植物（茶樹７・植物８）を覆うことで、外光（太陽光３２）を遮光する被覆部（被覆資材１１）と、上記被覆部（被覆資材１１）によって遮光された植物（茶樹７・植物８）に対して、遠赤色光（ＦＲ光３１）を照明する光源部（光源２１）とを備えていることを特徴とする。 [Summary]
The cultivation apparatuses 1 and 4 according to the aspect 1 of the present invention cover the plant (tea tree 7 / plant 8) that is being cultivated, thereby covering the outside light (sunlight 32) (covering material 11), A light source unit (light source 21) that illuminates far-red light (FR light 31) against plants (tea plant 7 / plant 8) shielded by the coating unit (coating material 11), To do.
　上記構成によると、上記被覆部は、上記植物を覆うことで、外光を遮光するため、上記植物から収穫される収穫物のうま味成分を増加させることができる。 According to the above configuration, the covering portion covers the plant so as to shield external light, so that the umami component of the harvest harvested from the plant can be increased.
　さらに、上記構成によると、上記光源部は、上記被覆部によって遮光された上記植物に対し遠赤色光を照明するため、上記植物が遮光されたことに伴う樹勢低下を抑制することができる。 Furthermore, according to the above configuration, the light source unit illuminates far red light with respect to the plant light-shielded by the covering unit, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in tree vigor associated with the light-shielding of the plant.
　これにより、遮光栽培において、上記植物からの収穫物のうま味成分増加と、当該植物の生育力低下の抑制とを両立させることができる。 This makes it possible to achieve both an increase in the umami component of the harvest from the plant and the suppression of a decrease in the viability of the plant in shading cultivation.
　本発明の態様２に係る栽培装置２・３は、栽培している植物（茶樹７）を覆う被覆部（被覆資材１２・１３）を備え、上記被覆部（被覆資材１２・１３）は、外光（太陽光３２）のうち、遠赤色光（ＦＲ光３３・３４）を透過し可視光を遮光することを特徴とする。 Cultivation devices 2 and 3 according to aspect 2 of the present invention include a covering portion (covering material 12 and 13) that covers a plant (tea tree 7) that is being cultivated, and the covering portion (covering material 12 and 13) is outside. Of the light (sunlight 32), far-red light (FR light 33, 34) is transmitted and visible light is blocked.
　上記構成によると、上記被覆部は、上記植物を覆い、また、外光のうち可視光を遮光するため、上記植物から収穫される収穫物のうま味成分を増加させることができる。 According to the above configuration, since the covering portion covers the plant and also shields visible light from outside light, it is possible to increase the umami component of the crop harvested from the plant.
　さらに、上記構成によると、上記被覆部は、外光のうち、遠赤色光を透過するため、一定期間、上記植物に外光が遮光されたことに伴う生育力低下を抑制することができる。 Furthermore, according to the above configuration, the covering portion transmits far-red light out of the external light, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in viability due to the external light being blocked by the plant for a certain period.
　これにより、遮光栽培において、上記植物からの収穫物のうま味成分増加と、当該植物の生育力低下の抑制とを両立させることができる。 This makes it possible to achieve both an increase in the umami component of the harvest from the plant and the suppression of a decrease in the viability of the plant in shading cultivation.
　本発明の態様３に係る栽培装置３においては、上記被覆部（被覆資材１３）は、上記外光（太陽光３２）のうち、上記可視光を遠赤色光（ＦＲ光３４）へ波長変換してもよい。これにより、上記被覆部は上記可視光を遮光すると共に、遠赤色光を上記被覆部が覆う内部へ出射することができる。 In the cultivation apparatus 3 which concerns on aspect 3 of this invention, the said coating | coated part (covering material 13) carries out wavelength conversion of the said visible light into far-red light (FR light 34) among the said external lights (sunlight 32). May be. Thereby, the said coating | coated part can radiate | emit far-red light to the inside which the said coating | coated part covers while shielding the said visible light.
　本発明の態様４に係る栽培装置３においては、上記被覆部（被覆資材１３）は、上記外光（太陽光３２）のうち可視光を遠赤色光へと波長変換する第１層と、遠赤色光を透過し可視光を遮光する第２層とを備え、上記第１層は、上記第２層よりも、上記被覆部における外光の入射側に配置されていてもよい。 In the cultivation apparatus 3 which concerns on aspect 4 of this invention, the said coating | coated part (covering material 13) is the 1st layer which wavelength-converts visible light into far-red light among the said external light (sunlight 32), and a distant A second layer that transmits red light and blocks visible light, and the first layer may be disposed closer to the incident side of external light in the covering portion than the second layer.
　これにより、上記第１層および第２層により上記可視光を遮光すると共に、上記第１層により遠赤色光を上記被覆部が覆う内部へ出射することができる。さらに、第１層により変換しきれなかった可視光を第２層で遮光することができる。このため、より確実に、栽培している植物に対し可視光が照射されることを防止することができる。 Thus, the visible light can be blocked by the first layer and the second layer, and far-red light can be emitted to the inside covered by the covering portion by the first layer. Furthermore, visible light that could not be converted by the first layer can be shielded by the second layer. For this reason, it can prevent more reliably that visible light is irradiated with respect to the plant currently grown.
　本発明の態様５に係る栽培装置においては、上記植物は茶樹７であることが好ましい。これにより、うま味成分が増加した茶を得ることができ、かつ、茶樹の生育力低下の抑制をすることができる。 In the cultivation apparatus according to aspect 5 of the present invention, the plant is preferably tea tree 7. Thereby, tea with an increased umami component can be obtained, and a decrease in the viability of the tea tree can be suppressed.
　本発明の態様６に係る栽培方法は、栽培されている植物（茶樹７・植物８）の収穫前の一定期間、当該植物（茶樹７・植物８）に照射される外光（太陽光３２）のうち可視光を遮光する工程と、上記可視光が遮光されている期間中に、遠赤色光（ＦＲ光３１・３２・３３）を上記植物（茶樹７・植物８）に照明する工程とを含むことを特徴とする。 The cultivation method which concerns on aspect 6 of this invention is the external light (sunlight 32) irradiated to the said plant (tea tree 7 * plant 8) for the fixed period before the harvested plant (tea tree 7 * plant 8). A step of shielding visible light and a step of illuminating the plant (tea plant 7 / plant 8) with far-red light (FR light 31, 32, 33) during a period in which the visible light is shielded. It is characterized by including.
　これにより、上記植物からの収穫物のうま味成分増加と、当該植物の生育力低下の抑制とを両立させることができる。 This makes it possible to achieve both an increase in the umami component of the harvest from the plant and the suppression of a decrease in the viability of the plant.
　本発明の態様７に係る茶葉は、乾燥時における単位重量あたり、アスパラギンが１．３％以上またはアルギニンが３．５％以上含有されている。 The tea leaf according to aspect 7 of the present invention contains 1.3% or more asparagine or 3.5% or more arginine per unit weight when dried.
　ここで、茶葉においてアスパラギンまたはアルギニンの含有量が多い場合、可視光を遮光して栽培したものと推定することができる。このため、アスパラギンが１．３％以上またはアルギニンが３．５％以上含有されている茶葉は可視光を遮光して栽培したものであると推定することができる。 Here, when the content of asparagine or arginine in the tea leaves is large, it can be estimated that it was cultivated while shading visible light. For this reason, it can be presumed that tea leaves containing 1.3% or more of asparagine or 3.5% or more of arginine are cultivated while blocking visible light.
　本発明の他の態様に係る栽培装置２・３においては、上記被覆部（被覆資材１２）が、上記外光（太陽光３２）のうち、上記可視光を反射または吸収してもよい。これにより、上記被覆部は上記可視光を遮光することができる。 In the cultivation apparatuses 2 and 3 according to another aspect of the present invention, the covering portion (covering material 12) may reflect or absorb the visible light out of the external light (sunlight 32). Thereby, the said coating | coated part can light-shield the said visible light.
　本発明の他の態様に係る栽培装置４においては、上記光源部（光源２１）は、上記植物（茶樹７）の樹冠より下方に配されており、当該光源部（光源２１）の光出射方向は、上記植物（茶樹７）が栽培されている培地の表面に対して仰角をなしていてもよい。これにより、効率よく、十分に、上記植物の群落内の樹冠に遠赤色光を出射することができる。 In the cultivation apparatus 4 which concerns on the other aspect of this invention, the said light source part (light source 21) is distribute | arranged below from the crown of the said plant (tea tree 7), The light emission direction of the said light source part (light source 21) May form an elevation angle with respect to the surface of the medium on which the plant (tea tree 7) is cultivated. Thereby, far-red light can be efficiently and sufficiently emitted to the canopy within the plant community.
　本発明は上述した各実施形態に限定されるものではなく、請求項に示した範囲で種々の変更が可能であり、異なる実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を適宜組み合わせて得られる実施形態についても本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。さらに、各実施形態にそれぞれ開示された技術的手段を組み合わせることにより、新しい技術的特徴を形成することができる。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible within the scope shown in the claims, and embodiments obtained by appropriately combining technical means disclosed in different embodiments. Is also included in the technical scope of the present invention. Furthermore, a new technical feature can be formed by combining the technical means disclosed in each embodiment.
　本発明は、植物の栽培装置、栽培方法及び茶葉に利用することができる。 The present invention can be used for plant cultivation devices, cultivation methods, and tea leaves.
１～４　栽培装置
７　茶樹
８　植物
１１～１３　被覆資材（被覆部）
１３ａ　波長変換層（第１層）
１３ｂ　ＦＲ光透過層（第２層）
１３ｃ　蛍光体
１３ｄ　封止層
３１～３４　ＦＲ光（遠赤色光）
３２　太陽光（外光）
４１　治具 1 to 4 Cultivation equipment 7 Tea tree 8 Plant 11 to 13 Coating material (coating part)
13a Wavelength conversion layer (first layer)
13b FR light transmission layer (second layer)
13c phosphor 13d sealing layers 31 to 34 FR light (far red light)
32 Sunlight (outside light)
41 Jig

Claims (7)

  1. 　栽培されている植物を覆うことで、外光を遮光する被覆部と、
    　上記被覆部によって遮光された植物に対して、遠赤色光を照明する光源部とを備えていることを特徴とする栽培装置。     By covering the cultivated plant, a covering portion that blocks external light,
    A cultivation apparatus comprising: a light source unit that illuminates far-red light with respect to a plant shielded by the covering unit.
  2. 　栽培されている植物を覆う被覆部を備え、
    　上記被覆部は、外光のうち、遠赤色光を透過し可視光を遮光することを特徴とする栽培装置。     It is provided with a covering that covers the plant being cultivated,
    The said coating | coated part permeate | transmits far red light among external lights, and shields visible light, The cultivation apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned.
  3. 　上記被覆部は、上記外光のうち、上記可視光を遠赤色光へ波長変換することを特徴とする請求項２に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the covering part converts the wavelength of the visible light into far-red light out of the external light.
  4. 　上記被覆部は、上記外光のうち可視光を遠赤色光へと波長変換する第１層と、遠赤色光を透過し可視光を遮光する第２層とを備え、
    　上記第１層は、上記第２層よりも、上記被覆部における外光の入射側に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の栽培装置。     The covering portion includes a first layer that converts the wavelength of visible light into far-red light out of the external light, and a second layer that transmits far-red light and blocks visible light,
    The said 1st layer is arrange | positioned rather than the said 2nd layer at the incident side of the external light in the said coating | coated part, The cultivation apparatus of Claim 3 characterized by the above-mentioned.
  5. 　上記植物は茶樹であることを特徴とする請求項１～４の何れか１項に記載の栽培装置。 The cultivation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plant is a tea tree.
  6. 　栽培されている植物の収穫前の一定期間、当該植物に照射される外光のうち可視光を遮光する工程と、
    　上記可視光が遮光されている期間中に、遠赤色光を上記植物に照明する工程とを含むことを特徴とする栽培方法。     A step of shielding visible light from outside light irradiated on the plant for a certain period of time before harvesting the cultivated plant;
    And a step of illuminating the plant with far-red light during a period in which the visible light is blocked.
  7. 　乾燥時における単位重量あたり、アスパラギンが１．３％以上またはアルギニンが３．５％以上含有されていることを特徴とする茶葉。 Tea leaves containing 1.3% or more asparagine or 3.5% or more arginine per unit weight when dried.
PCT/JP2015/073730 2014-09-22 2015-08-24 Plant cultivation device, cultivation method and tea leaves WO2016047342A1 (en)

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