WO2016034176A1 - Codeur et dispositif de détection pour une partie rotative de machine - Google Patents

Codeur et dispositif de détection pour une partie rotative de machine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016034176A1
WO2016034176A1 PCT/DE2015/200446 DE2015200446W WO2016034176A1 WO 2016034176 A1 WO2016034176 A1 WO 2016034176A1 DE 2015200446 W DE2015200446 W DE 2015200446W WO 2016034176 A1 WO2016034176 A1 WO 2016034176A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
encoder
layer
sensor
magnetic
magnetizable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2015/200446
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Heim
Frank Benkert
Philipp HÖRNING
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Publication of WO2016034176A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016034176A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D2205/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of means for transferring or converting the output of a sensing member
    • G01D2205/80—Manufacturing details of magnetic targets for magnetic encoders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an encoder for a rotatable machine part, in particular the invention relates to an encoder which is suitable for multipole-based as well as vortex-current-based sensors. Furthermore, the invention relates to a sensor device with an encoder and with at least one sensor.
  • the measurement of rotation angle, speed, load, distance and other physical parameters of rotating machine parts usually requires a corresponding sensor and a corresponding measurement object or a corresponding material measure.
  • the measuring object / material measure is often referred to as an encoder.
  • multipole-based as well as eddy current-based measurements are often provided.
  • a multipole-based measurement is taken to mean a measurement with sensors which require encoders with permanent-magnetic poles.
  • the eddy current-based measurement is known to the person skilled in the art.
  • sensors which use the Hall effect, the anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) effect, the GMR effect (English: giant magnetoresistance effect) or a passive inductive effect.
  • Corresponding encoders are often elastomers with incorporated magnetizable particles, which can be magnetized after production with the desired number of poles. Such encoders may be, for example, annular and arranged on a rotatable bearing part. The associated sensors in turn can be attached to the stationary bearing part.
  • a magnetic field clocked in kilohertz to megahertz is generated. The pulsed magnetic field induces electrical eddy currents in the encoder whose magnetic opposing field can be evaluated.
  • the generation of the pulsed magnetic field and the measurement of the magnetic opposing field can be integrated in a device which is fastened, for example, to the stationary bearing part.
  • the encoder which is arranged for example on the rotatable bearing part, must be electrically conductive and should generally have no further magnetic poles, since the magnetic poles can interfere with the magnetic opposing field in the eddy current measurement and interfere. Such overlays and disturbances can only be compensated with complex algorithmic calculation methods.
  • the known encoders for a multipole-based measurement can not be used for a current-based measurement, since they are generally not electrically conductive and inherently have magnetic poles that disturb the eddy current measurement.
  • the known encoder for a eddy current-based measurement are not suitable for a multipole-based measurement, since they have opposite properties, that are electrically conductive and have no magnetic poles.
  • the encoder should be easy to retrofit to rotating machine parts.
  • an encoder for a rotatable machine part comprising a non-magnetic layer and a magnetizable layer.
  • the nonmagnetic layer is electrically conductive.
  • the layers can be arranged directly above one another and connected in a material, form, or force-fit manner.
  • the magnetizable layer has no or only a low electrical conductivity.
  • the non-magnetic layer has a thickness of 50 microns to 1, 5 millimeters.
  • the thickness of 50 microns to 1.5 millimeters is particularly advantageous because the thickness is sufficient for a eddy current based measurement.
  • a sensor for a multipole-based measurement which is arranged closer to the non-magnetic layer than to the magnetizable layer, can detect magnetic poles of the magnetizable layer.
  • an annular encoder arranged on the shaft or the rotatable bearing ring of a bearing can support sensors for both types of measurement.
  • the different sensors can be arranged distributed along the circumference of the annular encoder or the bearing that they do not interfere with each other.
  • the non-magnetic layer may be made of copper, aluminum or an austenitic steel, for example.
  • the non-magnetic layer has a coating with a high emissivity, which is suitable for an optical temperature measurement.
  • a temperature measurement can, for example, with
  • the magnetizable layer is interrupted periodically, for example in the form of a ferromagnetic gear wheel or as a ferromagnetic perforated disk, in particular as a cage, particularly preferably as a needle cage.
  • Periodic disruption of the magnetizable layer which is not magnetized, for example, can produce changes in the permanent magnetic field in a permanent magnetic field when the periodically discontinuous magnetizable layer undergoes movement. This change can be measured.
  • a moving encoder with a periodically interrupted magnetizable layer generates magnetic field changes near a permanent magnetic field, which a corresponding sensor can measure.
  • an eddy-current sensor arranged elsewhere can detect the distance, for example, between a stationary bearing ring and the encoder mounted on a rotating bearing ring. From the change in distance, it is possible to deduce the bearing load.
  • the magnetizable layer is formed as a carrier with magnetizable particles.
  • the carrier may be, for example, a plastic, resin or paint.
  • a plastic layer is usually dimensionally stable, but can deform elastically under tensile or compressive loading.
  • an elastic plastic layer is usually dimensionally stable, but can deform elastically under tensile or compressive loading.
  • the elastic properties of the plastic can be used for a traction. It is also possible to use the chemical reaction with initial heating of the plastic for a material bond with the non-magnetic layer.
  • a plastic layer with magnetizable particles is typically not electrically conductive. However, depending on how close the particles are bound to each other in the plastic, a low electrical conductivity can occur.
  • the plastic layer is formed as an elastomer layer. Elastomers are advantageous in the case of temperature fluctuations. As a rule, they are more temperature-resistant than other plastics.
  • the magnetizable layer has magnetic poles.
  • the distance between two adjacent magnetic poles and the width of the poles can be made depending on the positioning and the type of the corresponding sensor.
  • the magnetizable layer may comprise a plurality of axially adjacent magnetic tracks with different number of poles.
  • Such an encoder thus has a radial layer structure and can be scanned radially.
  • the encoder can be scanned axially.
  • the magnetizable layer of an axially constructed encoder may further comprise a plurality of radially adjacent magnetic tracks with different number of poles.
  • both in the radial and in the axial embodiment can be determined by a synchronous scanning of the multiple tracks of the absolute angle of rotation, for example, a shaft or other rotatable bearing component.
  • the encoder comprises a magnetically conductive layer, which is arranged on the magnetizable layer and is suitable for forming a magnetic return.
  • a magnetic inference can improve the quality of the multipole-based measurement.
  • a magnetically conductive layer may be formed from a metal sheet.
  • the magnetically conductive layer ie, for example, the sheet, also serves as a carrier for arranging the encoder on the rotatable machine part.
  • the carrier has no magnetically conductive property and is provided only for the arrangement of the encoder on the rotatable machine part. It is also possible that the carrier function is directly satisfied by the non-magnetic layer.
  • the carrier is a bearing component, for example a bearing ring.
  • a sensor device which comprises an encoder according to one of the embodiments described above or below and at least one sensor which is arranged closer to the non-magnetic layer than to the magnetizable layer.
  • the sensor may, for example, be a sensor from the following group: Hall sensor, GMR sensor (GMR stands for giant
  • the sensor device may also comprise a plurality of sensors of different types. Thus, depending on the type and number of sensors, different physical parameters can be detected. For example, a Hall sensor and an eddy current sensor can be arranged at different locations of an annular encoder, which is fixedly connected, for example, to the rotatable part of a bearing. The Hall sensor can be used for the detection of the speed, the eddy current sensor for the detection of the distance. In the first case serves the magnetizable
  • Encoder layer as the measuring object, in the second case, the non-magnetic electrically conductive encoder layer.
  • the senor is arranged at a distance of 0.1 to 2 millimeters from the nonmagnetic layer.
  • a bearing with an encoder the embodiments described above or below.
  • a bearing with a sensor device the embodiments described above or below.
  • the encoder can be arranged, for example, on a shaft or a bearing ring.
  • the rotatable machine part is thus a shaft or a bearing ring.
  • the encoder can be designed for a radial or an axial structure of a sensor device.
  • the encoder layers are arranged radially on top of each other.
  • a sensor device can be constructed from radially inward to radially outward as follows: magnetizable layer, nonmagnetic electrically conductive layer, coating with a high emissivity, and distributed radially around the circumference a Hall sensor, an eddy current sensor and a pyroelectric infrared -Sensor.
  • the encoder layers are constructed axially next to each other.
  • the sensor is initially directed in the axial direction to the non-magnetic electrically conductive layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a bearing with an encoder according to the invention or a sensor device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a radial sectional view of a ring-shaped encoder according to the invention
  • Figures 3 to 8 and 10 are axial sectional views of various embodiments of the encoder according to the invention.
  • Figure 9 is a radial sectional view of an encoder according to the invention with a gear.
  • FIG. 1 shows the bearing 1 with an encoder 9 according to the invention or a sensor device according to the invention.
  • the bearing 1 comprises an outer ring 1 a, rolling elements 1 c and arranged on the shaft 2 inner ring 1 b.
  • the encoder 9 is composed of three layers: the carrier 5, the magnetizable layer 6 and the non-magnetic electrically conductive layer 7.
  • the carrier 5 may be made of a solid steel and is fixed to the rotatable inner ring 1 b and / or rotatable shaft 2 connected.
  • the carrier 5 then fulfills a carrier function for the entire encoder 9. If the carrier 5 is also magnetically conductive, it also serves for a magnetic inference of poles in the magnetizable layer 6.
  • On the magnetizable layer 6 is the non-magnetic electrically conductive
  • the non-magnetic layer 7 can, for example, be pushed onto the magnetizable layer 6 as a nonmagnetic sleeve and / or pressed on. Alternatively, the non-magnetic layer 7 may be applied to the magnetizable layer 6 as a non-magnetic coating.
  • Sensor 4 measures the corresponding dimension of the encoder.
  • the sensor 4 are arranged on the stationary bearing part and the encoder 9 on the rotatable bearing part. Cables for data transmission or power supply can therefore be easily brought to the sensor 4.
  • the sensor device, in particular the encoder 9, can be easily attached to the bearing from the outside.
  • FIG. 2 shows a radial sectional view of an annular encoder 9 according to the invention.
  • the encoder 9 comprises the carrier 5, the magnetizable layer 6 and the non-magnetic electrically conductive layer 7.
  • Figure 2 shows a support 5 made of solid steel
  • Figure 4 alternatively shows a support 5 made of bent sheet metal.
  • FIG. 5 shows an axial sectional view of a further embodiment of an encoder according to the invention.
  • the carrier 5 is formed in an L-shaped profile.
  • the non-magnetic layer 7 can be arranged directly on the carrier 5.
  • the magnetizable layer 6 is disposed in the remaining gap formed by the L-shaped carrier 5 and the non-magnetic layer 7.
  • a non-magnetic sleeve can rest directly on the L-shaped support 5; a plastic layer with incorporated magnetizable particles can be arranged therebetween. Due to the direct contact of the non-magnetic sleeve with the L-shaped carrier 5, a higher mechanical stability can be achieved, which can also lead to a better concentricity.
  • the carrier 5 need not necessarily be formed in an L-shaped profile. It may also have another shape with an elevation that allows the non-magnetic layer 7 to be placed directly on the support 5, with the magnetizable layer 6 being further in between.
  • Figure 6 and Figure 7 show an axial sectional view of further embodiments of an encoder according to the invention, wherein the non-magnetic layer 7 serves as a carrier.
  • the non-magnetic layer 7 is formed in a U-shaped profile and surrounds the magnetizable layer 6 from three sides.
  • the non-magnetic layer 7 may be formed from a stable non-magnetic steel and the magnetizable layer 6 may be formed from a plastic with incorporated magnetizable particles.
  • the plastic can be advantageous in the U- shaped support to be poured.
  • the non-magnetic layer 7 is made in an L-shaped profile.
  • the magnetizable layer 6 can be advantageously vulcanized here, for example.
  • FIG. 8 shows an axial sectional view of a further embodiment of an encoder according to the invention.
  • the non-magnetic layer 7 serves as a carrier.
  • the encoder in FIG. 8 comprises a magnetically conductive layer 5.
  • Such a magnetically conductive layer 5 may, for example, be a sheet-metal ring which ensures the magnetic inference of poles of the magnetizable layer 6.
  • FIG. 9 shows a radial sectional view of an encoder 9 according to the invention with a ferromagnetic gear wheel 8.
  • the ferromagnetic (magnetisable) layer is therefore periodically interrupted.
  • the gearwheel 8 When the encoder 9 is moved, the gearwheel 8 generates magnetic field changes in a permanent magnetic field overlying the gearwheel 8, which a corresponding sensor can measure.
  • FIG. 10 shows an axial sectional view of a further embodiment of an encoder according to the invention.
  • the layers are arranged in the axial direction in the following order: carrier 5, magnetizable layer 6 and non-magnetic layer 7.
  • Such an axially constructed encoder can be arranged axially laterally, for example, on a bearing ring.
  • a corresponding sensor can first be directed in the axial direction onto the non-magnetic electrically conductive layer, ie the encoder lies between the bearing ring and the sensor.
  • Non-magnetic electrically conductive layer

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un codeur et un dispositif de détection pour une partie rotative de machine, ledit codeur convenir aussi bien à des capteurs multipolaires qu'à des capteurs à courants de Foucault. A cet effet, le codeur (9) comprend une couche non magnétique (7) et une couche magnétisable (6), la couche non magnétique (7) étant électroconductrice. L'invention concerne par ailleurs un dispositif de détection muni d'un codeur (9) selon l'invention et d'au moins un capteur (4).
PCT/DE2015/200446 2014-09-02 2015-08-31 Codeur et dispositif de détection pour une partie rotative de machine WO2016034176A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014217458.9 2014-09-02
DE102014217458.9A DE102014217458A1 (de) 2014-09-02 2014-09-02 Encoder und Sensorvorrichtung für ein drehbares Maschinenteil

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2016034176A1 true WO2016034176A1 (fr) 2016-03-10

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106208539A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-07 华中科技大学 一种磁电式编码器

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016200311A1 (de) 2016-01-13 2017-07-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sensorspur, Anordnung
DE102016221610A1 (de) * 2016-11-04 2018-05-09 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Abstandsmessmodul zur Messung eines Abstandes in einem Lager sowie Sensorsatz und Lageranordnung
DE102017120757A1 (de) * 2017-06-30 2019-01-03 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren und Anordnung zum Bestimmen einer Belastung eines Wälzlagers

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US5187022A (en) * 1989-03-08 1993-02-16 Yamaha Corporation Magnetic recording medium for encoders
WO1998023923A1 (fr) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-04 Penny & Giles Controls Limited Transducteur
EP1186872A1 (fr) * 2000-03-09 2002-03-13 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Detecteur de rotation
EP2515086A2 (fr) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-24 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH Dispositif de mesure de position ainsi que échelle de mesure et procédé de fabrication d'une échelle de mesure
DE19758861B4 (de) * 1996-09-03 2013-01-17 Nsk Ltd. Drehmomentsensor und elektrischer Servolenkapparat
CN203381761U (zh) * 2012-07-28 2014-01-08 成都宽和科技有限责任公司 多磁片和磁通量都不均匀分布的转盘式传感元件

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US4853631A (en) * 1987-11-04 1989-08-01 The Superior Electric Company Magnetoresistive sensor having inter-leaved magnetoresistive elements for detecting encoded magnetic information
JP2004053410A (ja) * 2002-07-19 2004-02-19 Uchiyama Mfg Corp 磁気エンコーダ
JP4633480B2 (ja) * 2005-01-11 2011-02-16 Ｎｔｎ株式会社 磁気エンコーダおよびそれを備えた車輪用軸受
DE102012010606B4 (de) * 2012-05-30 2014-07-03 Carl Freudenberg Kg Encoderring

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5187022A (en) * 1989-03-08 1993-02-16 Yamaha Corporation Magnetic recording medium for encoders
DE19758861B4 (de) * 1996-09-03 2013-01-17 Nsk Ltd. Drehmomentsensor und elektrischer Servolenkapparat
WO1998023923A1 (fr) * 1996-11-29 1998-06-04 Penny & Giles Controls Limited Transducteur
EP1186872A1 (fr) * 2000-03-09 2002-03-13 The Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. Detecteur de rotation
EP2515086A2 (fr) * 2011-04-20 2012-10-24 Dr. Johannes Heidenhain GmbH Dispositif de mesure de position ainsi que échelle de mesure et procédé de fabrication d'une échelle de mesure
CN203381761U (zh) * 2012-07-28 2014-01-08 成都宽和科技有限责任公司 多磁片和磁通量都不均匀分布的转盘式传感元件

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106208539A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2016-12-07 华中科技大学 一种磁电式编码器
CN106208539B (zh) * 2016-08-29 2018-10-16 华中科技大学 一种磁电式编码器

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