WO2016027321A1 - 発電システム - Google Patents
発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016027321A1 WO2016027321A1 PCT/JP2014/071736 JP2014071736W WO2016027321A1 WO 2016027321 A1 WO2016027321 A1 WO 2016027321A1 JP 2014071736 W JP2014071736 W JP 2014071736W WO 2016027321 A1 WO2016027321 A1 WO 2016027321A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
- H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
- H02P9/302—Brushless excitation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power generation system, and more particularly to a power generation system including an AC excitation brushless excitation device in which a field winding of an AC exciter is a multiphase winding.
- a synchronous generator supplies a direct current to a rotor field winding and outputs an induced electromotive force generated by a magnetic flux generated on the rotor side on the stator side.
- a typical method for exciting the rotor field winding there are a thyristor excitation method and a brushless AC excitation method.
- the brushless excitation method rotates the current induced in the armature winding of the AC exciter consisting of the stator side field winding and the rotor side armature winding directly connected to the generator rotation shaft. It is rectified by a rectifier and supplied to the field winding of the generator.
- the voltage applied to the field winding of an AC exciter during generator rated operation is DC.
- the generator As a method of starting the synchronous generator, the generator is gradually increased in frequency by using a static frequency converter (SFC: Static Frequency Converter; hereinafter abbreviated as SFC), that is, the motor.
- SFC Static Frequency Converter
- the generator field current cannot flow when the generator is stationary, and the generator speed In response to this, the field current of the generator changes. For this reason, direct current excitation cannot be applied to the alternating current exciter when the generator is started.
- an apparatus provided with an SFC for a brushless exciter used during low-speed rotation (see, for example, Patent Document 3).
- the brushless exciter SFC applies a current of constant amplitude to the stator field winding of the exciter at a frequency that keeps the relative rotational speed of the rotating magnetic field viewed from the rotor at the rated rotational speed. Yes.
- JP-A-4-96698 JP 2013-236480 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-245998
- an AC voltage is applied to the multiphase field winding of the AC exciter while the generator is activated by SFC, and the multiphase field winding of the AC exciter is used during rated operation. It is required to apply a DC voltage to the wire, and the field winding connection of the AC exciter is changed by AC excitation and DC excitation.
- the output characteristics of the brushless exciter change as the generator speed changes.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and even when an AC exciter having a multiphase field winding is DC-excited, the load of each field winding is kept even, and the generator
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a power generation system including a brushless exciter capable of controlling the output to be constant even when the rotation speed changes.
- the power generation system includes: A power converter that outputs AC power supplied from a power source as variable voltage or variable frequency three-phase AC power;
- the primary side has a three-phase winding
- the secondary side has a first single-phase winding and a second single-phase winding
- the three-phase winding is connected to the output end of the power converter,
- a Scott transformer that outputs AC power having a phase difference between the first single-phase winding and the second single-phase winding when three-phase AC power from a power converter is input
- a thyristor exciter that rectifies an alternating current supplied from a power source;
- An AC exciter having a d-axis winding and a q-axis winding on the primary side and a rotary multiphase winding on the secondary side;
- the output line of the thyristor excitation device, the first single-phase winding, and the second single-phase winding are connected to the primary side, and the d-axis winding and the q-
- the d-axis winding is connected to the first single-phase winding or the second single-phase winding, and the q-axis winding is connected to the other single-phase winding.
- Switching between excitation methods by selecting either one connection or the second connection in which the d-axis winding and the q-axis winding are connected in series and the output line of the thyristor excitation device is connected to both ends thereof
- An excitation method switching device for performing A rotary rectifier connected to the rotary multiphase winding and rectifying a multiphase output from the AC exciter; A synchronous generator field winding, a synchronous generator armature winding, and the synchronous generator field winding connected to the output terminal of the rotary rectifier; When connected to the synchronous generator armature winding, it is driven to flow a current output having a frequency and phase according to the position of the synchronous generator rotor to the synchronous generator armature winding.
- Type frequency converter With When the static frequency converter is connected to the synchronous generator armature winding, the first connection is selected by the excitation method switching device, and the d-axis winding and the q-axis winding are dq orthogonal.
- the AC exciter is excited by applying a variable voltage or a variable frequency voltage to the d-axis winding and the q-axis winding, and the thyristor excitation is performed during steady operation of the synchronous generator.
- the device rectifies the AC current from the power source, and the excitation method switching device selects the second connection, and the d-axis winding and the q-axis winding are connected in series so that the AC exciter is DC-excited. To do.
- the power generation system includes: A power converter having a first single-phase output and a second single-phase output for outputting AC power supplied from a power source as two sets of single-phase AC power of variable voltage or variable frequency; A first single-phase transformer in which the first single-phase output is connected to a primary winding; and a second single-phase transformer in which the second single-phase output is connected to a primary winding; A thyristor exciter that rectifies an alternating current supplied from a power source; An AC exciter having a d-axis winding and a q-axis winding on the primary side and a rotary multiphase winding on the secondary side; An output line of the thyristor excitation device, a secondary winding of the first single-phase transformer, and a secondary winding of the second single-phase transformer are connected to the primary side, and the secondary side, A d-axis winding and a q-axis winding are connected, and the d-axis wind
- An excitation method switching device for selecting one of the second connections for connecting the output lines of the device and switching the excitation method;
- a rotary rectifier connected to the rotary multiphase winding and rectifying a multiphase output from the AC exciter;
- When connected to the synchronous generator armature winding it is driven to flow a current output having a frequency and phase according to the position of the synchronous generator rotor to the synchronous generator armature winding.
- Type frequency converter With When the static frequency converter is connected to the synchronous generator armature winding, the first connection is selected by the excitation method switching device, and the d-axis winding and the q-axis winding are dq orthogonal.
- the AC exciter is excited by applying a variable voltage or a variable frequency voltage to the d-axis winding and the q-axis winding, and the thyristor excitation is performed during steady operation of the synchronous generator.
- the device rectifies the AC current from the power source, and the excitation method switching device selects the second connection, and the d-axis winding and the q-axis winding are connected in series so that the AC exciter is DC-excited. To do.
- the present invention by making the input of the AC exciter a variable power source, it is possible to suppress the fluctuation of the generator field current accompanying the increase in the generator rotational speed at the time of starting the SFC and control it to a constant value. Become.
- FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows an example of the electric power generation system provided with the alternating current brushless exciting device by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the electric power generation system provided with the alternating current brushless exciting device by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the power converter of FIG. It is a block diagram of the inverter control part of FIG. It is a block diagram of the generator field voltage control part of FIG. It is a block diagram of the inverter current control part of FIG. It is a block diagram of the electric power generation system provided with the alternating current brushless exciting device by Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a block diagram of the power converter of FIG. It is a block diagram of the inverter control part of FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a power generation system including an AC brushless excitation device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the power generation system 100 includes a synchronous generator 1, an AC brushless exciter 2, a rotary rectifier 3, and a static frequency converter (SFC) 4.
- the synchronous generator 1 is a field winding type and includes a synchronous generator armature winding 21 and a synchronous generator field winding 22.
- the AC output of the AC brushless excitation device 2 is connected to the rotary rectifier 3 and rectified by the rotary rectifier 3, and then DC-excites the synchronous generator field winding 22.
- the generated power is transmitted via the output line 6 of the synchronous generator armature winding 21.
- the switch 5 is open during normal power generation.
- the switch 5 is closed and the SFC 4 supplied with power from the power source 7 is connected to the synchronous generator armature winding 21 and accelerated.
- the power source 7 corresponds to, for example, the output of a transformer (not shown) connected to the power system in the power plant.
- the output voltage of the transformer is a voltage suitable for the input of SFC4.
- the AC brushless exciter 2 is an AC exciter 11, a power converter 12, an excitation method switching device 13, a thyristor exciter 14, and a transformer capable of obtaining two sets of single-phase AC from three-phase AC.
- a Scott transformer 15 is provided.
- the AC exciter 11 includes an AC exciter armature winding 23, an AC exciter d-axis field winding 24, and an AC exciter q-axis field winding 25. Hereinafter, they may be collectively referred to as AC exciter field windings 24 and 25.
- the AC exciter armature winding 23 is a rotor and is directly connected to the rotating shaft of the synchronous generator 1.
- the AC exciter armature winding 23 is a three-phase winding and is an AC output of the AC brushless exciter 2.
- the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25 are stators. These stators have a two-phase winding configuration and are connected to the excitation method switching device 13. The same explanation holds true even if the d-axis and q-axis of the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25 are interchanged.
- the excitation system switching device 13 is a device that switches between direct current excitation and alternating current excitation of the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25.
- the switches 34a and 34b are opened, and 35a, 35b and 35c are closed.
- the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25 are connected in series.
- the switches 34a and 34b are closed and 35a, 35b and 35c are opened.
- the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25 constitute the dq orthogonal axis of the AC exciter as described above.
- the output of the thyristor excitation device 14 and the output of the Scott transformer 15 are connected to the input portion of the excitation method switching device 13.
- the output of the thyristor excitation device 14 is connected to the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25.
- the output of the Scott transformer 15 is connected to the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25.
- the alternating current supplied from the power source 9 is rectified by the thyristor excitation device 14, and the alternating current exciter 11 is operated by direct current excitation.
- the power source 9 is supplied by, for example, a permanent magnet generator (not shown) directly connected to the rotating shaft of the AC exciter 11. It can also be supplied from a power supply system in the power plant via a transformer (not shown).
- the power source 8 supplies power to the power converter 12.
- the power supply 8 is obtained, for example, from a power supply system in the power plant through a transformer (not shown).
- the power converter 12 includes a diode rectifier 31, a smoothing capacitor 32, and a voltage source three-phase inverter 33, for example.
- the voltage-type three-phase inverter includes, for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) which is a self-extinguishing semiconductor switching element and a diode connected in antiparallel. Further, although not shown here, it is also apparent that the control unit generates an IGBT gate signal and performs a protection function.
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- the control unit may further have a function of exchanging signals with a detector (not shown) or other control means in the power generation system 100.
- a reactor may be connected to the input or output of the diode rectifier 31.
- the AC power supplied from the power supply 8 is rectified by the diode rectifier 31.
- the output of the power converter 12 is the output of the voltage-type three-phase inverter 33, and a variable voltage or a variable frequency three-phase alternating current is input to the Scott transformer 15.
- the Scott transformer 15 is a transformer that can obtain two sets of single-phase alternating current from three-phase alternating current. Specifically, as a means for obtaining two-phase (dq axis) alternating current having a phase difference of 90 °. I use it.
- the AC exciter 11 operates with dq-axis AC excitation.
- the harmonic component is removed to prevent the surge voltage from being applied to the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25, and the voltage is sine.
- a filter for removing high frequency components may be provided on the input side or output side of the Scott transformer 15.
- the synchronous generator 1 is mechanically torqued by an external device (not shown) at the start of startup, and rotates at an extremely low speed of, for example, 3 r / min (3 min ⁇ 1 ).
- the AC brushless exciter 2 is connected to the AC exciter armature winding so that the synchronous generator field voltage Vf is applied to the synchronous generator field winding 22 so that the required synchronous generator field current If flows at startup.
- voltage E2 is output. If the necessary E2 is determined, the voltage E1 to be applied to the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25 is determined from the equation (3).
- the power converter 12 outputs a voltage having an excitation frequency f1 and an amplitude Vinv so that the determined E1 can be obtained. From equation (3), it is clear that Vinv can be reduced by increasing f1.
- the SFC 4 detects or estimates the position of the rotor of the synchronous generator, outputs a current of a frequency and a phase corresponding thereto, and the synchronous generator armature winding 21. Apply to. Thereby, the synchronous generator 1 accelerates gradually.
- the SFC 4 gives an output current so that the armature voltage of the synchronous generator 1 increases in proportion to the operating frequency. Thereby, the operating frequency of the synchronous generator 1 increases and the synchronous generator 1 is accelerated.
- Vinv is reduced as acceleration is performed so that the synchronous generator field voltage Vf becomes constant.
- Vinv may be kept constant and f1 may be reduced, or both f1 and Vinv may be changed so that the synchronous generator field voltage Vf becomes constant.
- the armature voltage when the operation frequency of the synchronous generator 1 increases and reaches the operation mode switching frequency fsg1 is defined as Vsg1.
- the armature voltage Vsg1 in this case is less than the rated value of the armature voltage of the synchronous generator 1, and is, for example, the rated output voltage of SFC4. Thereafter, in the region where the operating frequency exceeds fsg1, the operation is performed under the condition that the armature voltage becomes constant. At this time, since Vf is reduced according to the operating frequency in order to keep the armature voltage at a certain amount of Vsg1, Vinv and f1 can be further reduced as acceleration is performed. Since Vf and If are direct current amounts, it may be considered that Vf and If are in a proportional relationship in a steady state. Therefore, in the above description, f1 and Vinv are determined by focusing on Vf. May be.
- the reference for switching Vf from a constant value to a variable value is the operating frequency. However, it is needless to say that it may be an armature voltage or a signal given from other control means in the power generation system 100.
- the Scott transformer 15 can obtain a two-phase variable voltage or variable frequency output having a phase difference of 90 °. .
- the output voltage of the Scott transformer 15 is input to the excitation method switching device 13, and the output is applied to the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25. Therefore, a variable voltage or variable frequency having a phase difference of 90 ° can be input to the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25.
- the AC output of the AC brushless exciter 2 that is the input of the rotary rectifier 3 changes. It can be controlled to a value suitable for starting the generator 1.
- SFC4 was used for starting of synchronous generator 1 was demonstrated here, when driving synchronous generator 1 using SFC4 for purposes other than starting, this AC brushless exciter 2 is used. Obviously you can.
- the power generation system 100 including the AC brushless exciter 2 includes the AC exciter d-axis field winding 24, the AC exciter q-axis field winding 25, and the excitation method.
- the switching device 13 is provided, and the AC exciter 11 can be AC excited when the synchronous generator 1 is started and can be DC excited during steady operation.
- the alternating current exciter d-axis field winding 24 and the alternating current exciter q-axis field winding 25 are connected in series to flow a direct current. , 25, the currents flowing through the two are equal, the losses generated by both are balanced, and the temperature change is kept uniform.
- the power generation system 100 including the AC brushless exciter 2 includes the power converter 12, the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25 of the AC exciter 11 are subjected to AC excitation of variable voltage or variable frequency voltage. It can be performed. For this reason, the controllability of the synchronous generator field voltage Vf and the synchronous generator field current If when the synchronous generator is activated is good.
- the power converter 12 can output a variable frequency voltage, the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25 of the AC exciter 11 can be excited at a frequency higher than the commercial frequency. For this reason, there is an unprecedented remarkable effect that the excitation capacity can be reduced at a low speed. As a result, the capacity of the power converter 12 can be reduced, and the size and cost can be reduced. Furthermore, since the thyristor excitation device 14 uses an alternating current for performing direct current excitation only during steady operation, the same specification as in the past can be applied.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a power generation system including an AC brushless excitation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- 1 is different from the power generation system 100 provided with the AC brushless exciter 2 of FIG. 1 in that it has a slip ring 26 and current detectors 16a and 16b, and a detection value is input to the power converter 12.
- the synchronous generator field voltage Vf is detected using the slip ring 26. Thereby, the detected value of the voltage applied to the rotating synchronous generator field winding 22 can be input to the stationary power converter 12.
- the AC brushless excitation device 2 is further provided with current detectors 16a and 16b for detecting output currents Iiu and Iiw of the power converter 12.
- the remaining one-phase Iiv is calculated by the equation (7) because the power converter 12 is a three-phase three-wire type, but it goes without saying that a current detector may be provided.
- Iiv ⁇ Iiu ⁇ Iiw (7)
- FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the power converter 12 of FIG.
- the power converter 12 in FIG. 3 includes an inverter control unit 36. Detection values Vf, Iiu, and Iiw are input to the inverter control unit 36, and a gate signal of the voltage-type three-phase inverter 33 is output.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the inverter control unit 36 of FIG.
- the synchronous generator field voltage command value Vfref is held as a fixed value in the inverter control unit 36, for example. Or the value according to states, such as a constant of the synchronous generator 1, ambient temperature, may be received from the other control means which is not illustrated.
- Vfref is a constant value.
- Vref and the synchronous generator field voltage Vf are input to the synchronous generator field voltage control unit 41.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the synchronous generator field voltage control unit 41 of FIG.
- the synchronous generator field voltage control unit 41 performs feedback control and outputs an inverter current amplitude command value Iiref.
- the synchronous generator field voltage controller 45 is, for example, a proportional integration controller.
- Iiref Iiref ⁇ sin (360 ° ⁇ f1ref ⁇ t) ...
- Iivref Iiref ⁇ sin (360 ° ⁇ f1ref ⁇ t ⁇ 120 °) ...
- Iiref Iiref ⁇ sin (360 ° ⁇ f1ref ⁇ t + 120 °) ... (10)
- t is a time and does not necessarily need to be synchronized with the SFC 4 or the like, and may be created internally.
- the phase need not be determined as shown in equations (8) to (10), but may be a three-phase equilibrium.
- f1ref may be held internally as a fixed value, or may be changed according to the system state such as a rotation speed.
- the sine wave calculation the calculation may be performed sequentially or by referring to a table.
- FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the inverter current control unit 43 of FIG.
- the inverter current control unit 43 performs feedback control, and outputs inverter voltage command values Viuref, Vivref, and Viwref. Since the phase current control units 46a, 46b, and 46c have the same configuration, the U-phase phase current control unit 46a will be described as a representative example.
- the phase current control unit 46a inputs Iiuref and Iiu, performs feedback control, and outputs Virefef.
- the inverter current controller 47 can be realized by a proportional-integral controller or a proportional controller.
- the inverter voltage command values Viref, Vivref, Viwref are input to the gate signal generation unit 44, and the IGBT gate signal of the voltage-type three-phase inverter 33 is output.
- the gate signal generation unit 44 generates a gate signal so that the output phase voltage of the voltage source three-phase inverter 33 corresponds to the inverter voltage command values Virefref, Vivref, and Viwref. For example, after superimposing a zero-phase voltage in order to improve the voltage utilization factor, it is normalized with the voltage across the smoothing capacitor 32 and compared with a triangular wave carrier.
- the inverter current command value generation unit 42 generates a three-phase current command value
- the inverter current control unit 43 performs the current control for each of the three phases.
- current control is performed on the dq axis
- the inverter voltage command values Viuref, Vivref, and Viwref may be obtained by converting the dq axis to three phases.
- the detection value may be provided with a low pass filter by hardware or software to remove noise and high frequency components unnecessary for control.
- the power generation system 100 including the AC brushless exciter 2 according to the second embodiment detects the synchronous generator field voltage Vf with the slip ring 26, and provides the current detectors 16a and 16b. Since the output currents Iiu and Iiw of the power converter 12 are detected and input to the inverter control unit 36 of the power converter 12, the power generation system 100 including the AC brushless exciter 2 according to the first embodiment is provided. In addition to the effect, the synchronous generator field voltage Vf can be controlled to be constant even when the slip of the AC exciter 11 changes as the synchronous generator 1 accelerates.
- the SFC 4 is synchronized with the period in which the output current is applied so that the armature voltage of the synchronous generator 1 increases in proportion to the operating frequency.
- the synchronous generator field current If can be kept constant, and the synchronous generator 1 can be accelerated well.
- the excitation capacity can be adjusted by changing the excitation frequency f1 of the AC exciter 11 as the synchronous generator 1 is accelerated while controlling the synchronous generator field voltage Vf to be constant.
- FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram of a power generation system including an AC brushless excitation device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
- a speed detector 27, a current detector 28, and an instrument transformer 29 are provided instead of the slip ring 26.
- the speed detector 27 detects the rotational angular speed ⁇ of the synchronous generator 1.
- the current detector 28 detects the armature current Is of the synchronous generator 1, and the instrument transformer 29 detects the armature voltage Vs.
- the voltage on the low voltage side of the instrument transformer 29 is Vt.
- the rotational angular speed ⁇ may be obtained from the frequency of the armature voltage Vs or the armature current Is.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of the power converter 12 of FIG. Unlike the power converter 12 of FIG. 3, the power converter 12 of FIG. 8 includes an inverter control unit 37 instead of the inverter control unit 36. Detection values ⁇ , Is, Vt, Iiu, and Iiw are input to the inverter control unit 37, and a gate signal of the voltage-type three-phase inverter 33 is output. Note that Is detects two-phase or three-phase and obtains a three-phase current of Isu, Isv, Isw.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the inverter control unit 37 of FIG.
- a difference from the inverter control unit 36 of FIG. 4 is that a synchronous generator field current estimation unit 48 and a synchronous generator field current control unit 49 are provided instead of the synchronous generator field voltage control unit 41.
- the output of the synchronous generator field current control unit 49 is an inverter current amplitude command value Iiref, and since this is the same as that of the inverter control unit 36, description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 10 is a dq-axis equivalent circuit of the synchronous generator 1 according to the third embodiment.
- the synchronous generator field voltage Vf is on the d axis.
- Ls is an armature leakage inductance
- Rs is an armature resistance
- Lf is a field leakage inductance
- Rf is a field resistance
- Lmd is a d-axis armature reaction inductance
- Lmq is a q-axis armature reaction inductance
- Lkd is d.
- Lkq is q-axis damper leakage inductance
- Rkd is d-axis damper resistance
- Rkq is q-axis damper resistance
- Vsd is d-axis armature voltage
- Vsq is q-axis armature voltage
- Vf is synchronous generator field Voltage
- Isd is d-axis armature current
- Isq is q-axis armature current
- Imd is d-axis excitation current
- Imq is q-axis excitation current
- Ikd is d-axis damper current
- Ikq is q-axis damper current
- ⁇ d is a magnetic flux generated on the d-axis
- ⁇ q is a magnetic flux generated on the q-axis
- ⁇ is a rotational angular velocity.
- Imd can be expressed by Equation (11) from If, Ikd, and Isd, and the magnetic flux ⁇ d generated on the d-axis can be expressed by Equation (12).
- Imd If + Ikd + Isd (11)
- ⁇ d Isd ⁇ Ls + Imd ⁇ Lmd (12)
- the synchronous generator field current If is controlled to be constant without directly detecting the synchronous generator field voltage Vf and the synchronous generator field current If. For this reason, the inverter control unit 37 first obtains the synchronous generator field current estimation value Ifh in the synchronous generator field current estimation unit 48.
- Isd is input from the three phases of Isu, Isv, and Isw converted to the dq axis. Since Expression (14) holds, ⁇ d is obtained by dividing Vsq by ⁇ by the divider 51.
- ⁇ d is input to the amplifier 52 to obtain Imd.
- the synchronous generator field current estimation unit 48 obtains the value by inputting Imd to the phase compensator 53.
- the phase compensator 53 is expressed by equation (17).
- G (s) ⁇ s (Lmd + Lkd) + Rkd ⁇ / (sLkd + Rkd) ... (17)
- the armature reaction compensator 54 is composed of a subtractor 55 according to the equation (16).
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the synchronous generator field current control unit 49 of FIG.
- the synchronous generator field current estimated value Ifh is input to the synchronous generator field current control unit 49 together with the synchronous generator field current command value Ifref.
- the synchronous generator field current control unit 49 performs feedback control and outputs an inverter current amplitude command value Iiref.
- the synchronous generator field current controller 56 is, for example, a proportional integration controller. Ifref is held as a fixed value in the inverter control unit 37, for example. Or the value according to states, such as a constant of the synchronous generator 1, ambient temperature, may be received from the other control means which is not illustrated.
- Ifref is a constant value during a period in which the armature voltage increases in proportion to the operating frequency, but the synchronous generator 1 is mechanically torqued by an external device (not shown) and is rotating at an extremely low speed. Until is established, ifref is limited to prevent the output voltage of the voltage-type three-phase inverter 33 from becoming an overvoltage. Further, the detection value may be provided with a low pass filter by hardware or software to remove noise and high frequency components unnecessary for control.
- the power generation system 100 including the AC brushless exciter 2 according to the third embodiment detects the armature voltage Vs, the rotational angular velocity ⁇ , and the slip ring 26 without detecting the synchronous generator field voltage Vf.
- the synchronous generator field current If can be estimated by detecting the armature current Is. For this reason, in addition to the effect of the power generation system 100 including the AC brushless excitation device 2 according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment, also when the slip of the AC exciter 11 is changed as the synchronous generator 1 is accelerated.
- the synchronous generator field current If can be controlled to be constant.
- the period during which the SFC 4 gives the output current so that the armature voltage of the synchronous generator 1 increases in proportion to the operating frequency.
- the synchronous generator field current If can be kept constant, and the synchronous generator 1 can be accelerated well.
- FIG. FIG. 13 is a block diagram of the electric power generation system provided with the alternating current brushless excitation apparatus concerning Embodiment 4 of this invention.
- the power generation system 100 having the AC brushless exciter 2 of FIG. 2 differs from the power generation system 100 in that the power converter 12 includes voltage-type single-phase inverters 38a and 38b instead of the voltage-type three-phase inverter 33, and the Scott transformer 15 Instead of the single-phase transformers 17a and 17b.
- the secondary winding of the single-phase transformer 17a is connected to the AC exciter d-axis field winding 24, and the secondary winding of the single-phase transformer 17b is connected to the AC exciter q-axis field magnet. It is connected to the winding 25.
- the primary winding of the single phase transformer 17a is connected to the output of the voltage source single phase inverter 38a, and the primary winding of the single phase transformer 17b is connected to the output of the voltage source single phase inverter 38b.
- Voltage-type single-phase inverters 38a and 38b output voltages so that the amplitude and frequency of the output current are equal and have a phase difference of 90 °.
- the voltage source single phase inverters 38a and 38b and the single phase transformer 17a are AC-excited in the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25 using the voltage source three-phase inverter 33 and the Scott transformer 15. 17b can be used for AC excitation of the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25.
- a harmonic component is removed to prevent a surge voltage from being applied to the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25.
- a filter for removing high-frequency components may be provided on the input side or output side of the single-phase transformers 17a and 17b.
- the diode rectifier 31 and the smoothing capacitor 32 are common here, they can be provided separately.
- electric power can be supplied from different power sources, and the single-phase transformers 17a and 17b may be omitted when the outputs of the voltage source single-phase inverters 38a and 39b are insulated.
- the inverter current command value generation unit 42 and the inverter current control unit 43 of the inverter control unit 37 or 38 are treated as dq axes instead of three phases, and the gate signal generation unit 44 d
- the gate signal of the voltage type single phase inverter 38a may be generated from the voltage command value of the axis
- the gate signal of the voltage type single phase inverter 38b may be generated from the voltage command value of the q axis.
- the power converter 12 includes voltage-type single-phase inverters 38 a and 38 b instead of the voltage-type three-phase inverter 33. Since the single-phase transformers 17a and 17b are provided instead of the Scott transformer 15, in addition to the effect of the power generation system 100 including the AC brushless excitation device 2 according to any one of the first to third embodiments, Without using the Scott transformer 15, the AC exciter field windings 24 and 25 can be AC-excited using the single-phase transformers 17a and 17b having a simple structure. It should be noted that the present invention can be freely combined with each other within the scope of the invention, and each embodiment can be appropriately modified or omitted.
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Abstract
Description
このうちブラシレス励磁方式は、固定子側の界磁巻線と発電機の回転軸と直結している回転子側の電機子巻線からなる交流励磁機の電機子巻線に誘起する電流を回転整流器で整流して発電機の界磁巻線に供給するものである。一般に発電機定格運転時に交流励磁機の界磁巻線に印加する電圧は直流である。
ブラシレス励磁方式では交流励磁機の界磁巻線に印加する電圧が直流で界磁電流を一定に保った場合、発電機の静止時には発電機の界磁電流を流すことができず、発電機速度に応じて発電機の界磁電流が変化する。このため、発電機の起動時には交流励磁機に直流励磁を適用することはできない。
電源から供給される交流電力を可変電圧あるいは可変周波数の三相交流電力として出力する電力変換器と、
一次側に三相巻線を、二次側に第一の単相巻線と第二の単相巻線を有し、前記三相巻線は前記電力変換器の出力端に接続され、前記電力変換器からの三相交流電力を入力すると前記第一の単相巻線と前記第二の単相巻線に互いに位相差を有する交流電力を出力するスコット変圧器と、
電源から供給される交流電流を整流するサイリスタ励磁装置と、
一次側にd軸巻線とq軸巻線、二次側に回転型多相巻線を有する交流励磁機と、
一次側に、前記サイリスタ励磁装置の出力線、前記第一の単相巻線、および前記第二の単相巻線が接続され、二次側に、前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線が接続されるとともに、前記d軸巻線と前記第一の単相巻線または前記第二の単相巻線とを接続し、前記q軸巻線と他方の単相巻線とを接続する第一の接続、あるいは前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線とを直列に接続し、その両端に前記サイリスタ励磁装置の出力線を接続する第二の接続の何れかを選択して励磁方式の切替えを行う励磁方式切替え装置と、
前記回転型多相巻線に接続され、前記交流励磁機からの多相出力を整流する回転整流器と、
同期発電機界磁巻線、同期発電機電機子巻線を有し、前記同期発電機界磁巻線が前記回転整流器の出力端子に接続される同期発電機と、
前記同期発電機電機子巻線に接続された場合に、前記同期発電機の回転子の位置に応じた周波数と位相の電流出力を前記同期発電機電機子巻線に流すように駆動される静止型周波数変換器と、
を備え、
前記静止型周波数変換器が前記同期発電機電機子巻線に接続された場合に、前記励磁方式切替え装置で前記第一の接続を選択して前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線がdq直交軸を構成して、前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線に可変電圧あるいは可変周波数の電圧を印加することで前記交流励磁機を交流励磁し、前記同期発電機の定常運転時には、前記サイリスタ励磁装置で電源からの交流電流を整流するとともに、前記励磁方式切替え装置で前記第二の接続を選択して前記d軸巻線と前記q軸巻線を直列接続して前記交流励磁機を直流励磁するものである。
電源から供給される交流電力を可変電圧あるいは可変周波数の二組の単相交流電力として出力する第一の単相出力と第二の単相出力を有する電力変換器と、
前記第一の単相出力が一次巻線に接続される第一の単相変圧器と、前記第二の単相出力が一次巻線に接続される第二の単相変圧器と、
電源から供給される交流電流を整流するサイリスタ励磁装置と、
一次側にd軸巻線とq軸巻線、二次側に回転型多相巻線を有する交流励磁機と、
一次側に、前記サイリスタ励磁装置の出力線、前記第一の単相変圧器の二次巻線、および前記第二の単相変圧器の二次巻線が接続され、二次側に、前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線が接続されるとともに、前記d軸巻線と前記第一の単相変圧器の二次巻線または前記第二の単相変圧器の二次巻線とを接続し、前記q軸巻線と他方の二次単相巻線とを接続する第一の接続、あるいは前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線とを直列に接続し、その両端に前記サイリスタ励磁装置の出力線を接続する第二の接続の何れかを選択して励磁方式の切替えを行う励磁方式切替え装置と、
前記回転型多相巻線に接続され、前記交流励磁機からの多相出力を整流する回転整流器と、
同期発電機界磁巻線、同期発電機電機子巻線を有し、前記同期発電機界磁巻線が前記回転整流器の出力端子に接続される同期発電機と、
前記同期発電機電機子巻線に接続された場合に、前記同期発電機の回転子の位置に応じた周波数と位相の電流出力を前記同期発電機電機子巻線に流すように駆動される静止型周波数変換器と、
を備え、
前記静止型周波数変換器が前記同期発電機電機子巻線に接続された場合に、前記励磁方式切替え装置で前記第一の接続を選択して前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線がdq直交軸を構成して、前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線に可変電圧あるいは可変周波数の電圧を印加することで前記交流励磁機を交流励磁し、前記同期発電機の定常運転時には、前記サイリスタ励磁装置で電源からの交流電流を整流するとともに、前記励磁方式切替え装置で前記第二の接続を選択して前記d軸巻線と前記q軸巻線を直列接続して前記交流励磁機を直流励磁するものである。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる交流ブラシレス励磁装置を備えた発電システムの一例を示す構成図である。発電システム100は、同期発電機1と交流ブラシレス励磁装置2と回転整流器3と静止型周波数変換器(SFC)4を備えるものである。同期発電機1は、界磁巻線型で同期発電機電機子巻線21と同期発電機界磁巻線22を備えるものである。交流ブラシレス励磁装置2の交流出力は、回転整流器3に接続され、回転整流器3で整流された後、同期発電機界磁巻線22を直流励磁する。通常の発電時は、発電電力を同期発電機電機子巻線21の出力線6を介して送電している。開閉器5は通常の発電時は開路されている。同期発電機1の起動時は、開閉器5を閉路して電源7から電力を供給されるSFC4を同期発電機電機子巻線21に接続し、加速していく。ここで、電源7は例えば発電所内の電源系統に接続された図示しない変圧器の出力に相当する。変圧器の出力電圧はSFC4の入力に適合する電圧となっている。
交流励磁機11は、交流励磁機電機子巻線23と交流励磁機d軸界磁巻線24と交流励磁機q軸界磁巻線25で構成される。以降では交流励磁機界磁巻線24、25とまとめて呼ぶことがある。交流励磁機電機子巻線23は回転子であって、同期発電機1の回転軸と直結されている。交流励磁機電機子巻線23は三相巻線で交流ブラシレス励磁装置2の交流出力となっている。交流励磁機界磁巻線24、25は固定子である。これらの固定子は二相巻線構成であって、励磁方式切替え装置13と接続されている。なお、上記交流励磁機界磁巻線24、25のd軸、q軸は、入れ替わっても同様の説明が成り立つ。
電源8から供給された交流電力はダイオード整流器31で整流される。電力変換器12の出力は電圧形三相インバータ33の出力であって、可変電圧あるいは可変周波数三相交流をスコット変圧器15に入力する。
Ns=60×f1/p ・・・(1)
s=(Ns-N)/Ns ・・・(2)
E2=K1×f1×s×E1 ・・・(3)
ただし、K1は一定値である。
f2=-N×p/60 ・・・(4)
s=(f1+f2)/f1 ・・・(5)
なお、E2の周波数はすべり周波数となるから、式(6)で示せる。
s×f1=f1+f2 ・・・(6)
更には、直流励磁を行う交流電流をサイリスタ励磁装置14は定常運転時のみ使用するため、従来と同じ仕様のものを適用できる。
図2は本発明の実施の形態2にかかる交流ブラシレス励磁装置を備えた発電システムの構成図である。以下、実施の形態1と同一部分には同一符号を付してその説明を省略し、ここでは異なる部分のみ述べる。図1の交流ブラシレス励磁装置2を備えた発電システム100と異なるのはスリップリング26と電流検出器16a、16bを有し、検出値を電力変換器12に入力している点である。
Iiv=-Iiu-Iiw ・・・(7)
Iiuref=Iiref×sin(360°×f1ref×t)
・・・(8)
Iivref=Iiref×sin(360°×f1ref×t-120°)
・・・(9)
Iiwref=Iiref×sin(360°×f1ref×t+120°)
・・・(10)
また、検出値はハードウェアまたはソフトウェアによるローパスフィルタを設けてノイズや制御に不要な高周波成分を除去してもよい。
さらに、同期発電機界磁電圧Vfを一定に制御しながら同期発電機1の加速に伴い交流励磁機11の励磁周波数f1を変化させて励磁容量を調整することも可能となる。
図7は本発明の実施の形態3にかかる交流ブラシレス励磁装置を備えた発電システムの構成図である。以下、実施の形態1、2と同一部分には同一符号を付してその説明を省略し、ここでは異なる部分のみ述べる。図2の交流ブラシレス励磁装置2を備えた発電システム100と異なるのはスリップリング26の代わりに速度検出器27、電流検出器28、計器用変圧器29を備えるところである。速度検出器27は同期発電機1の回転角速度ωを検出する。電流検出器28は同期発電機1の電機子電流Is、計器用変圧器29は電機子電圧Vsを検出する。計器用変圧器29の低圧側の電圧を、ここではVtとする。なお、速度検出器27を設ける代わりに電機子電圧Vsまたは電機子電流Isの周波数から回転角速度ωを求めてもよい。
図10は本実施の形態3にかかる同期発電機1のdq軸等価回路である。同期発電機界磁電圧Vfをd軸にとってある。ここで、Lsは電機子漏れインダクタンス、Rsは電機子抵抗、Lfは界磁漏れインダクタンス、Rfは界磁抵抗、Lmdはd軸電機子反作用インダクタンス、Lmqはq軸電機子反作用インダクタンス、Lkdはd軸ダンパ漏れインダクタンス、Lkqはq軸ダンパ漏れインダクタンス、Rkdはd軸ダンパ抵抗、Rkqはq軸ダンパ抵抗、Vsdはd軸電機子電圧、Vsqはq軸電機子電圧、Vfは同期発電機界磁電圧、Isdはd軸電機子電流、Isqはq軸電機子電流、Ifは同期発電機界磁電流、Imdはd軸励磁電流、Imqはq軸励磁電流、Ikdはd軸ダンパ電流、Ikqはq軸ダンパ電流、φdはd軸上で発生する磁束、φqはq軸上で発生する磁束、ωは回転角速度である。d軸等価回路によれば、ImdはIfとIkdとIsdから式(11)で、d軸上で発生する磁束φdは式(12)で示せる。
Imd=If+Ikd+Isd ・・・(11)
φd=Isd×Ls+Imd×Lmd ・・・(12)
φd=Imd×Lmd ・・・(13)
Vsq=φd×ω ・・・(14)
If=[{s(Lmd+Lkd)+Rkd}/(sLkd+Rkd)]×Imd
・・・(15)
If=Imd-Isd ・・・(16)
G(s)={s(Lmd+Lkd)+Rkd}/(sLkd+Rkd)
・・・(17)
また、検出値はハードウェアまたはソフトウェアによるローパスフィルタを設けてノイズや制御に不要な高周波成分を除去してもよい。
また、スリップリング26が不要であるためさらに小型低コスト化を図ることができるうえに保守性も向上する。
図13は本発明の実施の形態4にかかる交流ブラシレス励磁装置を備えた発電システムの構成図である。以下、実施の形態1、2、3と同一部分には同一符号を付してその説明を省略し、ここでは異なる部分のみ述べる。図2の交流ブラシレス励磁装置2を備えた発電システム100と異なるのは、電力変換器12が電圧形三相インバータ33の代わりに電圧形単相インバータ38a、38bを備えることと、スコット変圧器15の代わりに単相変圧器17a、17bを備えることである。
また、ここでは、ダイオード整流器31と平滑コンデンサ32は共通としたが、個別に設けることもできる。さらに、異なる電源から電力を供給することもでき、電圧形単相インバータ38a、39bの出力が絶縁されている場合には、単相変圧器17a、17bは省略してもよい。
4 静止型周波数変換器(SFC)、5 開閉器、
6 同期発電機電機子巻線の出力線、7、8、9 電源、
11 交流励磁機、12 電力変換器、13 励磁方式切替え装置、
14 サイリスタ励磁装置、15 スコット変圧器、
16a、16b、28 電流検出器、17a、17b 単相変圧器、
21 同期発電機電機子巻線、22 同期発電機界磁巻線、
23 交流励磁機電機子巻線、24 交流励磁機d軸界磁巻線、
25 交流励磁機q軸界磁巻線、31 ダイオード整流器、
32 平滑コンデンサ、33 電圧形三相インバータ、
34a、34b、35a、35b、35c 開閉器、
36、37 インバータ制御部、
38a、38b 電圧形単相インバータ、100 発電システム。
Claims (7)
- 電源から供給される交流電力を可変電圧あるいは可変周波数の三相交流電力として出力する電力変換器と、
一次側に三相巻線を、二次側に第一の単相巻線と第二の単相巻線を有し、前記三相巻線は前記電力変換器の出力端に接続され、前記電力変換器からの三相交流電力を入力すると前記第一の単相巻線と前記第二の単相巻線に互いに位相差を有する交流電力を出力するスコット変圧器と、
電源から供給される交流電流を整流するサイリスタ励磁装置と、
一次側にd軸巻線とq軸巻線、二次側に回転型多相巻線を有する交流励磁機と、
一次側に、前記サイリスタ励磁装置の出力線、前記第一の単相巻線、および前記第二の単相巻線が接続され、二次側に、前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線が接続されるとともに、前記d軸巻線と前記第一の単相巻線または前記第二の単相巻線とを接続し、前記q軸巻線と他方の単相巻線とを接続する第一の接続、あるいは前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線とを直列に接続し、その両端に前記サイリスタ励磁装置の出力線を接続する第二の接続の何れかを選択して励磁方式の切替えを行う励磁方式切替え装置と、
前記回転型多相巻線に接続され、前記交流励磁機からの多相出力を整流する回転整流器と、
同期発電機界磁巻線、同期発電機電機子巻線を有し、前記同期発電機界磁巻線が前記回転整流器の出力端子に接続される同期発電機と、
前記同期発電機電機子巻線に接続された場合に、前記同期発電機の回転子の位置に応じた周波数と位相の電流出力を前記同期発電機電機子巻線に流すように駆動される静止型周波数変換器と、
を備え、
前記静止型周波数変換器が前記同期発電機電機子巻線に接続された場合に、前記励磁方式切替え装置で前記第一の接続を選択して前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線がdq直交軸を構成して、前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線に可変電圧あるいは可変周波数の電圧を印加することで前記交流励磁機を交流励磁し、前記同期発電機の定常運転時には、前記サイリスタ励磁装置で電源からの交流電流を整流するとともに、前記励磁方式切替え装置で前記第二の接続を選択して前記d軸巻線と前記q軸巻線を直列接続して前記交流励磁機を直流励磁することを特徴とする発電システム。 - 前記電力変換器の出力電流を検出し、制御信号に変換するための電流検出器を備え、
前記電力変換器から指令された出力電流指令値と前記電流検出器で検出された前記電力変換器の出力電流とを比較し、これらが等しくなるように駆動パルス信号を出力するインバータ電流制御部を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発電システム。 - 前記同期発電機の界磁電圧を検出するためのスリップリングと、
検出された前記同期発電機の界磁電圧の電圧値を制御信号に変換するインバータ制御部を備え、
検出された前記同期発電機の界磁電圧と、前記電力変換器から指令された界磁電圧指令値とを比較し、これらが等しくなるように前記電力変換器の出力電流指令値を制御する同期発電機界磁電圧制御部を有することを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の発電システム。 - 前記同期発電機の電機子電流を検出するための電流検出器と、
前記同期発電機の電機子電圧を検出するための計器用変圧器と、
を備え、
前記同期発電機の回転角速度を検出するための速度検出器または前記計器用変圧器で検出された前記電機子電圧と前記電流検出器で検出された前記電機子電流のいずれかの周波数から、前記同期発電機の回転角速度を求める手段を備え、
前記計器用変圧器で検出された前記電機子電圧、前記速度検出器で検出されるかまたは前記回転角速度を求める手段により求めた前記回転角速度、および前記電流検出器で検出された前記電機子電流を用いて前記同期発電機の界磁電流を推定し、この推定された推定界磁電流と実際の界磁電流が等しくなるように前記電力変換器の出力電流指令値を前記インバータ電流制御部へ出力可能な界磁電流推定部を有することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の発電システム。 - 前記計器用変圧器で検出された同期発電機端子電圧、前記速度検出器で検出された前記回転角速度、およびd軸励磁インダクタンスから推定されるd軸励磁電流を、前記同期発電機内部構成の伝達関数を考慮して位相補償する界磁電流推定部を有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の発電システム。
- 前記電流検出器で検出された同期発電機電機子電流を用い、前記同期発電機の界磁電流の推定値を補償する界磁電流推定部を有することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の発電システム。
- 電源から供給される交流電力を可変電圧あるいは可変周波数の二組の単相交流電力として出力する第一の単相出力と第二の単相出力を有する電力変換器と、
前記第一の単相出力が一次巻線に接続される第一の単相変圧器と、前記第二の単相出力が一次巻線に接続される第二の単相変圧器と、
電源から供給される交流電流を整流するサイリスタ励磁装置と、
一次側にd軸巻線とq軸巻線、二次側に回転型多相巻線を有する交流励磁機と、
一次側に、前記サイリスタ励磁装置の出力線、前記第一の単相変圧器の二次巻線、および前記第二の単相変圧器の二次巻線が接続され、二次側に、前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線が接続されるとともに、前記d軸巻線と前記第一の単相変圧器の二次巻線または前記第二の単相変圧器の二次巻線とを接続し、前記q軸巻線と他方の二次単相巻線とを接続する第一の接続、あるいは前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線とを直列に接続し、その両端に前記サイリスタ励磁装置の出力線を接続する第二の接続の何れかを選択して励磁方式の切替えを行う励磁方式切替え装置と、
前記回転型多相巻線に接続され、前記交流励磁機からの多相出力を整流する回転整流器と、
同期発電機界磁巻線、同期発電機電機子巻線を有し、前記同期発電機界磁巻線が前記回転整流器の出力端子に接続される同期発電機と、
前記同期発電機電機子巻線に接続された場合に、前記同期発電機の回転子の位置に応じた周波数と位相の電流出力を前記同期発電機電機子巻線に流すように駆動される静止型周波数変換器と、
を備え、
前記静止型周波数変換器が前記同期発電機電機子巻線に接続された場合に、前記励磁方式切替え装置で前記第一の接続を選択して前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線がdq直交軸を構成して、前記d軸巻線とq軸巻線に可変電圧あるいは可変周波数の電圧を印加することで前記交流励磁機を交流励磁し、前記同期発電機の定常運転時には、前記サイリスタ励磁装置で電源からの交流電流を整流するとともに、前記励磁方式切替え装置で前記第二の接続を選択して前記d軸巻線と前記q軸巻線を直列接続して前記交流励磁機を直流励磁することを特徴とする発電システム。
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