WO2016026339A1 - 一种TiO2纳米晶的合成方法 - Google Patents
一种TiO2纳米晶的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016026339A1 WO2016026339A1 PCT/CN2015/080268 CN2015080268W WO2016026339A1 WO 2016026339 A1 WO2016026339 A1 WO 2016026339A1 CN 2015080268 W CN2015080268 W CN 2015080268W WO 2016026339 A1 WO2016026339 A1 WO 2016026339A1
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- tio
- synthesized
- tetratitanate
- nanocrystals
- precursor
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- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 140
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 42
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- MCPLVIGCWWTHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-L methyl blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=C1NC1=CC=C(C(=C2C=CC(C=C2)=[NH+]C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C=2C=CC(NC=3C=CC(=CC=3)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)C=C1 MCPLVIGCWWTHFH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 15
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002055 nanoplate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000024 high-resolution transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002173 high-resolution transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002127 nanobelt Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000445 field-emission scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 2
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CC[C@@H](C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-SECBINFHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XREPTGNZZKNFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 XREPTGNZZKNFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylpyridine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 YSHMQTRICHYLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Terpineol Natural products CC(=C)C1(O)CCC(C)=CC1 OVKDFILSBMEKLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088601 alpha-terpineol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZJYYHGLJYGJLLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N guanidinium thiocyanate Chemical compound SC#N.NC(N)=N ZJYYHGLJYGJLLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001410 inorganic ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002707 nanocrystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QZWWLNXCLQIASO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentanenitrile Chemical compound CCCCC#N.CCCCC#N QZWWLNXCLQIASO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 tetramethyl ammonium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100001234 toxic pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C01G23/053—Producing by wet processes, e.g. hydrolysing titanium salts
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
- B01J37/341—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation
- B01J37/344—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy
- B01J37/346—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation making use of electric or magnetic fields, wave energy or particle radiation of electromagnetic wave energy of microwave energy
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G23/00—Compounds of titanium
- C01G23/003—Titanates
- C01G23/005—Alkali titanates
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
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- C01G23/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
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- C30B29/60—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape characterised by shape
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- C30B7/00—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
- C30B7/10—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions by application of pressure, e.g. hydrothermal processes
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- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of crystal materials, in particular to a method for synthesizing TiO 2 nanocrystals.
- TiO 2 (titanium dioxide) nanocrystals can decompose water to form H 2 and O 2 under ultraviolet light. Since then, TiO 2 nanocrystals have attracted the attention and research of researchers at home and abroad.
- TiO 2 nanocrystals are characterized by high stability, non-toxicity, environmental friendliness, and low price. They are not only widely used in photolysis of water to produce hydrogen, but also widely used in dye-sensitized solar cells, photocatalytic degradation of toxic pollutants, Energy storage and conversion, electrochromism and sensing. Since the exposed crystal plane of TiO 2 nanocrystals strongly affects its photocatalytic performance and photovoltaic performance, it is very important to synthesize anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals with specific exposed crystal faces.
- the ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal plane exhibits the highest reactivity because of its superior surface atomic structure and electronic structure. Therefore, the preparation of highly reactive ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal face anatase nanocrystalline materials is currently a hot spot in the field of photocatalysis and solar cells.
- the titanium raw materials used are mainly organic titanates, and the hydrolysis rate is very high. Fast, difficult to control in the experimental process; and because it is liquid, easy to deliquesce, transportation and storage is very inconvenient, and its price is high, resulting in higher prices of the resulting products, difficult to industrial production.
- the ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal face anatase TiO 2 synthesized by these reported synthetic methods also has some disadvantages in catalytic applications.
- some organic compounds or inorganic ions usually cover the ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal plane of the synthesized anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals, which can significantly reduce the catalytic performance.
- the proportion of the ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal plane is small. This limits the large-scale production and application of the ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal face anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals.
- the embodiment of the invention discloses a method for synthesizing TiO 2 nanocrystals. Its technical solutions are as follows:
- a method for synthesizing TiO 2 nanocrystals may include the following steps:
- the colloidal suspension of tetratitanate nanosheets was used as the precursor to adjust the pH of the precursor to a pH between 5 and 13.
- the precursor of pH between 5 and 13 was hydrothermally reacted.
- TiO 2 nanocrystals TiO 2 nanocrystals.
- the obtained product is separated, and then the obtained product is washed, filtered, and dried.
- the precursor having a pH between 5 and 13 is subjected to a hydrothermal reaction, specifically:
- the precursor having a pH between 5 and 13 is microwaved at 160 ° C to 200 ° C for 1 hour to 2 hours;
- the precursor having a pH between 5 and 13 is heated to 140 ° C to 200 ° C and then held for 18 hours to 30 hours.
- the concentration of the first hydrochloric acid solution is 1mol / L -3mol / L;
- the concentration of the first tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution is from 0.5 mol/L to 2 mol/L.
- the method for preparing a colloidal tetratitanate nanosheet colloidal suspension comprises the following steps:
- Synthetic layered potassium tetratitanate K 2 CO 3 and anatase TiO 2 raw materials, k 2 CO 3 and anatase TiO 2 are mixed, and the temperature is raised to 800 ° C to 1000 ° C, and the reaction is carried out for 20 hours. 30 ⁇ , a layered potassium tetratitanate is prepared, wherein the molar ratio of the K 2 CO 3 and anatase TiO 2 is (1 to 1.1): 4;
- step b) synthesizing tetratitanic acid: dissolving potassium tetratitanate synthesized in step a) in a second hydrochloric acid solution for proton exchange reaction, after completion of the reaction, separating the obtained product, and then washing, filtering and drying the obtained product To obtain tetratitanic acid;
- step c) synthesizing a colloidal suspension of tetratitanate nanosheets: adding tetratitanate synthesized in step b) to a second tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution to obtain a mixed solution; the mixed solution is at 90 ° C to 110 Reaction at °C for 20 hours ⁇ After 30 hours, after completion of the reaction, the obtained reactant was mixed with water and stirred, and after standing, it was filtered to obtain a colloidal suspension of the precursor tetratitanate nanosheet.
- the method further comprises: sufficiently grinding.
- the rate of temperature increase is from 2 ° C / min to 8 ° C / min.
- the concentration of the second hydrochloric acid solution in step b) is from 0.7 mol/L to 2 mol/L.
- the potassium tetratitanate synthesized in the step a) is dissolved in the second hydrochloric acid solution in the step b) to carry out a proton exchange reaction, specifically:
- the potassium tetratitanate synthesized in the step a) is dissolved in the second hydrochloric acid solution, stirred for 3 to 5 days, and the second hydrochloric acid solution is changed once a day.
- the mass ratio of tetratitanate to tetramethylammonium hydroxide in step c) is 1: (1.2 to 3).
- the invention provides a synthetic method for exposing ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal face anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals, which has low cost, no pollution, simple preparation process, strong controllability, short production cycle and good repeatability. For industrial production.
- Figure 1 is a potassium tetratitanate (K 2 Ti 4 O 9 ) synthesized in the step a) of the first embodiment, tetratitanic acid (H 2 Ti 4 O 9 ⁇ 0.25H 2 O) synthesized in the step b), step c Tetratitanic acid (TMA + ) inserted in the synthesis of tetragonal acid (TMA + -intercalated H 2 Ti 4 O 9 ) and tetra-titanate nanosheets in a colloidal suspension of stripped nanoribbons XRD spectrum of titanic acid (Nanoribbon);
- Example 2 is an XRD spectrum of anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 1 and Example 2, wherein (a) is an XRD spectrum of the anatase TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 1; b) an XRD spectrum of the anatase TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 1;
- Example 3 is an XRD spectrum of anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Examples 4 to 8, and (a) is an XRD spectrum of anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 4; The XRD spectrum of the anatase TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 5; (c) the XRD spectrum of the anatase TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 6; (d) the synthesis of Example 7. XRD spectrum of anatase TiO 2 nanocrystal; (e) XRD spectrum of anatase TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 8;
- FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Examples 1 to 3, wherein (a) is a scanning electron micrograph of the TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 1, and (b) is an example. 2 Scanning electron micrograph of the synthesized TiO 2 nanocrystal, (c) is a scanning electron micrograph of the TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 3;
- 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Examples 4 to 8, wherein (a) is a scanning electron micrograph of the TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 4, and (b) is an example. 5 Scanning electron micrograph of the synthesized TiO 2 nanocrystal, (c) is a scanning electron micrograph of the TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 6; (d) is a scanning electron micrograph of the TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 7; a scanning electron micrograph of the TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 8;
- Example 6 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) image of anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 1 and Example 2, wherein (a) is a synthesis of Example 1. Transmission electron micrograph of TiO 2 nanocrystals, (b) high resolution transmission electron micrograph of TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 1; (c) transmission electron micrograph of TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 2 (d) is a high resolution transmission electron micrograph of the TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 2;
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- HR-TEM high-resolution transmission electron microscope
- Example 7 is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image and a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) image of the anatase-type TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 5 and Example 6, wherein (a) is a synthesis of Example 5. Transmission electron micrograph of TiO 2 nanocrystals, (b) high resolution transmission electron micrograph of TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 5; (c) transmission electron micrograph of TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 6 (d) is a high resolution transmission electron micrograph of the TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized in Example 6;
- Example 8 is a graph showing degradation efficiency and illumination time characteristics of the TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 1;
- Example 9 is a graph showing degradation efficiency and illumination time characteristics of the TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 2.
- Example 10 is a photocurrent-voltage characteristic diagram of TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 1;
- Figure 11 is a graph showing the photocurrent-voltage characteristics of the TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 2.
- the water used is preferably deionized water or distilled water.
- K 2 CO 3 Specification AR, purchased by Tianjin Komi Chemical Reagent Development Co., Ltd.;
- Anatase TiO 2 Specification AR, purchased by Tianjin Komi Chemical Reagent Development Co., Ltd.;
- Hydrochloric acid 36.5% (mass fraction), purchased by Tianjin Komi Chemical Reagent Development Co., Ltd.;
- TMAOH Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- Synthetic layered potassium tetratitanate According to the ratio of the amount of the substance: 1:4, 13.821 g (0.1 mol) of K 2 CO 3 and 31.960 g (0.4 mol) of anatase TiO 2 were weighed and placed in an agate mortar. Medium, after mixing, fully grind. Then, it was transferred to a corundum crucible, placed in a muffle furnace and heated at 900 ° C for 24 hours at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min; and a layered fibrous potassium tetratitanate (K 2 Ti 4 O 9 ) was obtained.
- step b) Synthesis of tetratitanic acid: Weigh 10.0 g of K 2 Ti 4 O 9 synthesized in step a), add to a large beaker containing 1000 mL of 1 mol/L of the second hydrochloric acid solution, and magnetically stir for three days at room temperature, and replace it once a day.
- the second hydrochloric acid solution completely converts K 2 Ti 4 O 9 to H 2 Ti 4 O 9 .
- the product was separated by centrifugation; washed four times with deionized water, centrifuged three times, and finally the obtained sample was freeze-dried to obtain H 2 Ti 4 O 9 ⁇ 0.25H 2 O.
- the product in the reaction kettle was transferred to a beaker, and then added with 360 mL of deionized water, stirred at room temperature for 24 hours on a magnetic stirrer, and then allowed to stand still for 24 hours, and then suction filtered to obtain a tetratitanate nanosheet.
- Synthetic layered potassium tetratitanate According to the amount of the substance, the ratio is 1.05:4, 14.512 g (0.105 mol) of K 2 CO 3 and 31.960 g (0.4 mol) of anatase TiO 2 are weighed and placed in an agate mortar. Medium, after mixing, fully grind. Then, it was transferred to a corundum crucible, placed in a muffle furnace and heated at 800 ° C for 30 hours at a heating rate of 2 ° C / min; and a layered fibrous potassium tetratitanate (K 2 Ti 4 O 9 ) was obtained.
- tetratitanic acid Weigh 10.0 g of K 2 Ti 4 O 9 synthesized in step a), add it to a large beaker containing 1000 mL of 0.7 mol/L of the second hydrochloric acid solution, and magnetically stir for three days at room temperature and replace every day. A second hydrochloric acid solution was used to completely convert K 2 Ti 4 O 9 to H 2 Ti 4 O 9 . After three proton exchange reactions, the product was separated by centrifugation, washed four times with deionized water, and centrifuged three times. Finally, the obtained sample was freeze-dried to obtain H 2 Ti 4 O 9 ⁇ 1.9H 2 O.
- the product in the reaction kettle was transferred to a beaker, and then added with 360 mL of deionized water, stirred at room temperature for 24 hours on a magnetic stirrer, and then allowed to stand still for 24 hours, and then suction filtered to obtain a tetratitanate nanosheet.
- Synthetic layered potassium tetratitanate According to the ratio of the amount of the substance: 1.:4, weigh 15.203 g (0.11 mol) of K 2 CO 3 and 31.960 g (0.4 mol) of anatase TiO 2 and place it in an agate mortar. Medium, after mixing, fully grind. Then, it was transferred to a corundum crucible, placed in a muffle furnace and heated at 1000 ° C for 20 hours at a heating rate of 8 ° C / min; and a layered fibrous potassium tetratitanate (K 2 Ti 4 O 9 ) was obtained.
- the product in the reaction kettle was transferred to a beaker, and then added with 360 mL of deionized water, stirred at room temperature for 24 hours on a magnetic stirrer, and then allowed to stand still for 24 hours, and then suction filtered to obtain a tetratitanate nanosheet.
- Steps a) to c) are the same as in Embodiment 1,
- Steps a) to c) are the same as in Embodiment 2,
- Steps a) to c) are the same as in Embodiment 3,
- the relevant parameters for centrifugal separation may be a centrifugal rotation speed of 8000 rpm and a centrifugation time of 10 minutes.
- the lyophilization is specifically carried out by placing the sample in a glass bottle for freezing, then installing it in a freezer, and turning on a rotary button to make an aqueous solution containing the sample.
- the temperature of the liquid in the freezer is -15 ° C ⁇ 30 ° C
- the sample freezing time is generally 30 minutes, you can form ice, of course, when the amount of aqueous solution in the sample is large, the time is long some.
- After freezing into ice turn off the spin button and freezer, take out the freezer bottle, install it on the dryer, turn on the vacuum pump, and evacuate until the gauge pressure is about -0.09Mpa, and let it dry under vacuum for 24 hours.
- the relevant parameters of the freeze-drying used in the present embodiment are only for the person skilled in the art to better understand the synthesis process of the TiO 2 nanocrystals, and do not represent the only relevant parameters listed to achieve the present invention.
- Technical solutions, those skilled in the art can adjust the parameters according to actual conditions, which is feasible.
- the invention is not specifically limited herein.
- step c) synthesis of tetramethyl ammonium ions (TMA +) inserting four titanate (TMA + -intercalated H 2 Ti 4 O 9) and four titanate nanosheet colloidal suspension
- TMA + tetramethyl ammonium ions
- TMA + -intercalated H 2 Ti 4 O 9 tetramethyl ammonium ions
- TMA + -intercalated H 2 Ti 4 O 9 titanate
- the stripped nanoribbon-like tetratitanium (Nanoribbon) was characterized by XRD, wherein the collected data diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) ranged from 3 to 70°, the scanning speed was 5°/min, and the acceleration voltage and applied current were respectively 40kV and 30mA. The result is shown in Figure 1.
- Example 3 Nanocrystalline TiO 2 synthesized in Example 1 and Example 2 Synthesis of Nanocrystalline TiO 2 the same embodiment, the XRD diffraction spectrum which can Referring to FIG 2, the present invention is not described herein.
- the products synthesized in Examples 4 to 8 were all anatase TiO 2 corresponding to a standard card having a JCPDS of 21-1272. It can be seen from these five XRD diffraction patterns that as the pH increases, the measured diffraction peak intensity increases and the width becomes narrower, indicating that the synthesized TiO 2 nanocrystalline particles are larger and the crystallinity is higher.
- the anatase-type TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 1 have a square shape and a rhombus shape, and the average particle size thereof is about 50 nm.
- the morphology of the anatase-type TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 2 and Example 3 was a shuttle type, and the average particle size was about 150 nm and 480 nm, respectively.
- the anatase type TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 4 have a square shape and a rhombus shape, and the average particle size thereof is about 50 nm.
- the morphology of the anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Examples 5 to 8 (PH > 5) is a shuttle type, and the average particle size also follows the pH. The increase is increasing. It shows that pH has an important influence on the morphology and size of the particles.
- TEM Transmission electron microscopy
- HR-TEM high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
- TEM Transmission electron microscopy
- HR-TEM high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
- TEM Transmission electron microscopy
- HR-TEM high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
- TEM Transmission electron microscopy
- HR-TEM high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
- the interplanar spacing with Respectively corresponding to anatase TiO (101) and (002) crystal plane 2 the angle between the two crystal face is 68.3 °, in accordance with anatase TiO (101) and (002) planes of constant 2
- the exposed crystal faces of the anatase-type TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized by the present invention are all ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal faces.
- the ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal face anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals can be synthesized by using the synthesis method provided by the present invention.
- Example 8 Since the embodiment of the present invention in Examples 1 to Example 8 were synthesized in the diamond and square appearance anatase type TiO 2 and the spindle morphology of nanocrystalline anatase type TiO 2 nanocrystalline, therefore, where each of the two Characterization of anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals for performance analysis, wherein rhombohedral and square-shaped anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals are exemplified in Example 1, fusiform anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals are implemented
- the anatase type TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in the other examples are the same as those in the first embodiment or the second embodiment, the properties thereof can be referred to in the first embodiment or the second embodiment.
- the emission wavelength of the ultraviolet lamp was 365 nm, and the distance from the methyl blue solution was 80 cm.
- 3 mL of the suspension was taken in each of the two conical flasks and centrifuged to remove the titanium dioxide nanocrystals.
- the degradation rate of methyl blue was determined by measuring the concentration change of the methyl blue solution before and after the ultraviolet lamp irradiation using a TU-1901 spectrophotometer.
- commercial Degussa P25 52.50 m 2 /g, 80% anatase and 20% rutile was measured under the same conditions. The test results are shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively.
- Example 8 is a graph showing the degradation efficiency and illumination time characteristics of the TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 1. It can be seen from the figure that the degradation of methyl blue by an anatase TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized at 120 minutes is performed. The efficiency is 99%, and the degradation efficiency of P25 to methyl blue is 86%. Therefore, the degradation efficiency of the synthesized anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals to methyl blue is much higher than that of Degussa P25 to methyl blue. Degradation efficiency.
- Figure 9 is a graph showing the degradation efficiency and illumination time characteristics of the TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 2. It can be seen from the figure that the degradation of methyl blue by the two anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized at 120 minutes was observed. The efficiency is 96%, and the degradation efficiency of P25 to methyl blue is 86%. Therefore, the degradation efficiency of the two synthesized anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals to methyl blue is much higher than that of Degussa P25 to methyl blue. Degradation efficiency.
- the exposed ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal face anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in the examples of the present invention have high degradation efficiency to methyl blue regardless of the rhombohedral shape and the square shape or the fusiform morphology. Degradation efficiency of methyl blue in Degussa P25.
- the exposed ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal face anatase TiO 2 nanocrystal synthesized by the embodiment of the invention has good photocatalytic performance.
- Example 1 and Example 2 0.5 g of anatase TiO 2 nanocrystals synthesized in Example 1 and Example 2 were weighed and added to glass bottles, respectively, and then 2.5 g of ethanol and 2.0 g of ⁇ -terpineol were added to the two glass vials.
- the washed FTO glass was immersed in a 0.1 M Ti(OC 3 O 7 ) 4 organotitanium solution for several seconds and then calcined in a high temperature furnace for 60 min.
- the porous titania film electrode was prepared by applying a TiO 2 slurry of Example 1 and Example 2 to the FTO tape guide glass by a doctor blade method. The thickness of the film is controlled by the thickness of the tape used.
- Example 1 The TiO 2 slurry of Example 1 and Example 2 was separately coated on FTO conductive glass, and then calcined at 315 ° C for 15 min in a high temperature furnace, and this operation was repeated several times until the desired film thickness was obtained, and then 450 ° C in a high temperature furnace. Calcined for 30 min. After cooling to room temperature, it was again immersed in a 0.1 M Ti(OC 3 O 7 ) 4 organotitanium solution for several seconds and then calcined in a high temperature furnace for 60 min.
- the Pt counter electrode was prepared by immersing the FTO conductive glass in an isopropanol solution containing 0.5 mM H 2 PtCl 6 , taking it out after several minutes, and then calcining at 400 ° C for 20 min in a high temperature furnace.
- the electrolyte solution is injected into the gap between the two electrodes by capillary action to assemble a sandwich-structured dye-sensitized solar cell.
- the photoanodes of Degussa P25TiO 2 prepared by the same method were assembled into batteries, which were compared with the above batteries. The test results are shown in Figures 10 and 11.
- Fig. 10 is a graph showing the photocurrent-voltage characteristic of Example 1 at a film thickness of 13.8 ⁇ m.
- the synthesized anatase TiO 2 nanocrystal photoelectric current preferentially exposing the ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal plane is 12.6 mA/cm 2
- the conversion efficiency was 5.09%, which was significantly better than the photoelectric current of P25 of 10.3 mA/cm 2 and the conversion efficiency was 4.37%.
- Fig. 11 is a graph showing the photocurrent-voltage characteristic of Example 2 at a film thickness of 16.4 ⁇ m.
- the synthesized anatase TiO 2 nanocrystal photoelectric current preferentially exposing the ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal plane is 13.6 mA/cm 2
- the conversion efficiency was 5.48%, which was significantly better than the photoelectric current of P25 of 10.3 mA/cm 2 and the conversion efficiency was 4.37%.
- the invention adopts a new method for synthesizing anatase TiO2 nanocrystals preferentially exposing ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal planes, which has low cost, no pollution, simple preparation process, strong controllability, short production cycle and good repeatability.
- the requirements of "green chemistry" apply to industrial production.
- the ⁇ 010 ⁇ crystal face anatase TiO2 nanocrystal prepared by the method provided by the invention has high purity and uniform particle size distribution, and is used for degrading methyl blue solution and dye sensitized solar cell, and commercial Deco Compared with P25TiO2 (52.50m 2 /g, 80% anatase and 20% rutile), both catalytic performance and photovoltaic performance were significantly improved.
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 一种TiO2纳米晶的合成方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:以四钛酸纳米片胶态悬浮液为前驱体,调节前驱体的pH值,使其pH值在5~13之间;将pH值在5~13之间的前驱体进行水热反应,得到TiO2纳米晶。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:水热反应后,分离所得产物,然后对所得产物进行洗涤、过滤及干燥操作。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述将pH值在5~13之间的前驱体进行水热反应,具体为:将pH值在5~13之间的前驱体在160℃~200℃微波辐射1小时~2小时;或者将pH值在5~13之间的前驱体加热至140℃~200℃后,保温18小时~30小时。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:用第一盐酸溶液与第一四甲基氢氧化铵溶液调节前驱体的pH值,所述第一盐酸溶液的浓度为1mol/L-3mol/L;所述第一四甲基氢氧化铵溶液的浓度为0.5mol/L~2mol/L。
- 如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,前驱体四钛酸纳米片胶态悬浮液的制备方法包括以下步骤:a)合成层状四钛酸钾:以K2CO3和锐钛型TiO2原料,将K2CO3和锐钛型TiO2混匀后,升温至800℃~1000℃,反应20小时~30小时,制得层状四钛酸钾,其中,所述K2CO3和锐钛型TiO2的摩尔比为(1~1.1)∶4;b)合成四钛酸:将步骤a)中合成的四钛酸钾溶于第二盐酸溶液中,进行质子交换反应,反应结束后,分离所得产物,然后对所得产物进行洗涤、过滤及干燥操作,得到四钛酸;c)合成四钛酸纳米片胶态悬浮液:将步骤b)中合成的四钛酸加入到第二四甲基氢氧化铵溶液中,得到混合液;将所述混合液在90℃~110℃下反应20小时~30小时,反应结束后,将所得反应物与水混合并搅拌,静止后过滤,得到前驱体四钛酸纳米片胶态悬浮液。
- 如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:在步骤a)中,将K2CO3和锐钛型TiO2混匀后,在升温至800℃~1000℃之前,还包括:充分研磨。
- 如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:在步骤a)中,所述升温的速率为2℃/分钟~8℃/分钟。
- 如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤b)中的第二盐酸溶液的浓度为0.7mol/L~2mol/L。
- 如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤b)中所述将步骤a)中合成的四钛酸钾溶解于第二盐酸溶液中,进行质子交换反应,具体为:将步骤a)中合成的四钛酸钾溶解于第二盐酸溶液中,搅拌3~5天,并每天更换一次第二盐酸溶液。
- 如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:步骤c)中四钛酸与四甲基氢氧化铵的质量比为1∶(1.2~3)。
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CN112892514A (zh) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-04 | 湘潭大学 | 暴露高指数{136}面的锐钛矿氧化钛多面体纳/微米光催化剂的合成方法 |
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CN104617284B (zh) * | 2015-02-05 | 2017-01-11 | 福建师范大学 | 一种多孔四方片状TiO2及其制备方法和应用 |
WO2017156330A1 (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-14 | Qatar University | Method of making a copper oxide-titanium dioxide nanocatalyst |
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CN104192900B (zh) | 2016-05-11 |
US20170267542A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
CN104192900A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
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