WO2015174423A1 - Cooler and cooling device using same, and cooling method for heating element - Google Patents

Cooler and cooling device using same, and cooling method for heating element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015174423A1
WO2015174423A1 PCT/JP2015/063669 JP2015063669W WO2015174423A1 WO 2015174423 A1 WO2015174423 A1 WO 2015174423A1 JP 2015063669 W JP2015063669 W JP 2015063669W WO 2015174423 A1 WO2015174423 A1 WO 2015174423A1
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Prior art keywords
working fluid
porous body
porous
heating element
fluid introduction
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PCT/JP2015/063669
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
昌司 森
邦人 奥山
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国立大学法人横浜国立大学
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Priority to JP2016519269A priority Critical patent/JP6283410B2/en
Publication of WO2015174423A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015174423A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cooler, a cooling device using the same, and a cooling method for a heating element, and more particularly to a boiling-type cooler, a cooling device using the same, and a cooling method for a heating element. is there.
  • the boiling cooling method includes a pool boiling method and a forced flow boiling method.
  • FIG. 2 shows a conventional pool boiling cooler.
  • the cooler includes a container and a working fluid contained in the container, and the container has a contact portion with a heating element to be cooled.
  • the working fluid existing in the vicinity of the contact portion boils.
  • steam is generated by boiling, the working fluid is supplied to the contact portion due to the density difference between the gas and the liquid. In this way, the newly supplied working fluid is further evaporated, and heat is removed from the heating element.
  • the pool boiling type cooler is advantageous in terms of compactness and energy saving because it does not require an external power source for circulating the liquid as in the forced flow boiling method.
  • the limit heat flux of the cooler by the conventional pool boiling method is about 1000 kW / m 2 in the saturated state under atmospheric pressure and water conditions (see Non-Patent Document 1).
  • a limit heat flux of at least about 2000 kW / m 2 is required for the cooler.
  • Patent Document 1 JP 2009-139005 A (Patent Document 1) that a porous body is provided between a heating element and water in a cooling container, and water is supplied by capillary action of the porous body.
  • the conventional limit heat flux is drastically improved with a simple structure by supplying the heat generating element and discharging the generated steam into the water in the container.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a cooler having a simple structure and stably having a good cooling effect, a cooling device using the cooler, and a method for cooling a heating element.
  • Patent Document 1 As a result of repeated research, the inventor has provided the porous body disclosed in Patent Document 1 on the heating element side, and further overlaps the working fluid on the working fluid side. It has been found that by providing a working fluid introduction body including a working fluid introduction section that leads to a material body, it is possible to provide a cooler that further improves the cooling effect.
  • an aspect of the present invention is a boiling-type cooler for cooling a heating element, and a container that contains a working fluid, and is in contact with the working fluid in the container and faces the heating element.
  • the cooling member is configured in a laminated structure including a porous body provided on the heating element side and a working fluid introduction body provided on the working fluid side.
  • the porous body includes a working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to the contact portion with the heating element by capillary action, and a steam discharge unit that discharges the steam generated at the contact portion to the working fluid introduction body side.
  • the working fluid introduction body is a cooler comprising a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body.
  • the working fluid introduction body has a plurality of holes penetrating in the height direction, and the plurality of holes constitute the working fluid introduction section.
  • the plurality of holes constituting the working fluid introduction part of the working fluid introduction body have a circular or polygonal cross section.
  • a gap region is provided between the working fluid introduction body and the porous body.
  • the porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles.
  • the porous body is composed of a porous layer.
  • the porous body includes a first porous body provided on the heating element side and a second porous body provided on the working fluid introduction body side.
  • the first porous body includes a first working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to a contact portion with the heating element by capillary action, and the contact portion.
  • a first vapor discharge section that discharges the generated vapor to the second porous body side, and the second porous body supplies the working fluid introduced by the working fluid introduction body to the first porous body.
  • the second porous body has a pore radius larger than that of the first porous body and / or has a porosity.
  • the permeability of the working fluid is made larger than that of the first porous body.
  • either one of the first porous body and the second porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles, and the other is porous. It is composed of a quality layer.
  • the first porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous nanoparticles
  • the second porous body has a mesh structure. Consists of layers.
  • the first porous body is formed of a porous layer, and the first vapor discharge portion is a hole penetrating the porous layer. is there.
  • the working fluid introduction body is made of metal.
  • an end portion of the working fluid introduction body formed of the metal is fixed to the heating element by welding.
  • a radiating fin is welded to the heating element, and the working fluid introduction body is fixed to the radiating fin by welding.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is a cooling device including the cooler according to the present invention and a condenser that is connected to a container of the cooler and liquefies the evaporated working fluid.
  • a cooling method using a boiling system in which the heating element is cooled by at least partially immersing the heating element in a working fluid of a container containing the working fluid.
  • a heating element in which a cooling member configured in a laminated structure including a porous body provided on the heating element side and a working fluid introduction body provided on the working fluid side is mounted on the surface of the portion immersed in The porous body has a working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to a contact portion with the heating element by capillary action, and discharges steam generated at the contact portion to the working fluid introduction body side.
  • the working fluid introduction body includes a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body.
  • the porous body includes a first porous body provided on the heating element side and a second porous body provided on the working fluid introduction body side.
  • the first porous body includes a first working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to a contact portion with the heating element by capillary action, and the contact portion.
  • a first vapor discharge section that discharges the generated vapor to the second porous body side, and the second porous body supplies the working fluid introduced by the working fluid introduction body to the first porous body.
  • nanoparticles are dispersed in the working fluid, and a mesh structure is formed on the surface of the portion immersed in the working liquid of the heating element.
  • the second porous body composed of the porous layer and the working fluid introduction body are provided in this order, and the heat transfer from the heating element in which the nanoparticles in the working fluid are boiled by the heat from the heating element.
  • the heating element is formed by forming the first porous body between the heating element and the second porous body by forming an aggregate of porous nanoparticles by depositing on the hot surface.
  • the cooling member is mounted on the surface of the portion immersed in the working liquid.
  • the cooler of the present invention, the cooling device using the same, and the heating element cooling method have at least the following effects: (1) A critical heat flux of about 2000 kW / m 2 necessary to prevent melt-through at the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel, and more than about 2500 kW / m 2 can be realized. (2) When steam is generated in the working fluid supply section and the contact section of the porous body, liquid is forcibly supplied to the contact section by capillary action. Therefore, when using the pool boiling cooling system, working fluid such as water is used.
  • the container (water tank) to be accommodated does not need to be provided with a water flow path, a pump or the like, can use a simple water reservoir, can have a simple structure, and installation cost and running cost are low.
  • the thickness of the porous body provided at the contact portion with the heating element is preferably thin from the viewpoint of the capillary limit mechanism, but if it is too thin, the porous body is porous while the coalescing bubbles stay on the upper part of the porous body. Liquid drainage easily occurs inside the body, and the critical heat flux is reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, a working fluid introduction body including a working fluid introduction portion that guides the working fluid to the porous body is provided on the porous body provided on the contact portion with the heating element (on the working fluid side). According to such a configuration, the working fluid introduction body capable of supplying a sufficient amount of working fluid toward the porous body and holding the liquid between the porous body and the vapor mass above the porous body. Therefore, even if the thickness of the porous body is reduced, the occurrence of liquid withering is suppressed, and the critical heat flux can be prevented from being reduced.
  • FIG. It is a schematic diagram of the pressure vessel of a light water reactor (an example is a boiling water reactor). It is a schematic diagram of the cooler by the conventional pool boiling system. It is a figure for demonstrating the limit heat flux of the cooler by the conventional pool boiling system. It is a schematic diagram of the cooler by the pool boiling system which concerns on Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. It is sectional drawing in the state which provided the cooling member which concerns on Embodiment 1 in the contact part. It is a top view of a porous body.
  • (A) is an appearance photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through-holes having a cross section formed in a regular hexagon
  • (B) is a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through-holes having a cross section formed in a perfect circle
  • (C) is an appearance photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through-holes whose cross section is formed in a regular square shape
  • (D) is a through-hole whose cross section is formed in a regular triangle shape.
  • It is an external appearance photograph of the working fluid introduction body which has multiple. It is a schematic diagram of the cooler by the pool boiling system which concerns on Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a form in which each of the first porous body and the second porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles
  • B is a diagram illustrating the first porous body and the second porous body.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a form in which each of the two porous bodies is composed of a porous layer
  • (C) is a set of porous particles in which one of the first porous body and the second porous body is formed. It is a schematic diagram of the form comprised by the body and the other is comprised by the porous layer. It is a cooling device concerning Embodiment 4. It is a schematic diagram of the deformation
  • FIG. (A) is a top view of the 2nd porous body comprised by the porous layer of the mesh structure which has many rectangular holes
  • (B) is sectional drawing in the state which provided the cooling member in the contact part. It is.
  • (A) is a schematic schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus used in the test example
  • (B) is an example of the structure of the sample provided on the heat transfer surface on the copper cylinder of the experimental apparatus. It is a graph which shows the boiling curve obtained by the test a. It is a graph which shows the result of having arranged the data shown in FIG. 18 about the form (The shape of a hole: Cell geometry) of the working fluid introduction body. It is a graph which shows the boiling curve obtained by the test b. 21 is a graph showing a result of arranging the data shown in FIG. 20 with respect to the height of the structure of the working fluid introduction body (denoted as structure height). It is a graph which shows the boiling curve obtained by the test c.
  • FIG. 23 is a graph showing the results of organizing the data shown in FIG. 22 with respect to the thickness of the wall portion that partitions each hole of the structure of the working fluid introduction body (expressed as cell size). It is a graph which shows the boiling curve obtained by the test d. 6 is a graph showing each critical heat flux obtained in Test Example 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cooler using a pool boiling method according to the first embodiment.
  • the cooler includes a container for storing the working fluid, and a cooling member provided in the container so as to be in contact with the working fluid and to be in contact with the heating element.
  • the cooling member has a laminated structure including a porous body provided on the heating element side and a working fluid introduction body provided on the working fluid side.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in a state where the cooling member according to the present embodiment is provided in the contact portion.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of the porous body.
  • the porous body includes a working fluid supply unit and a vapor discharge unit.
  • a working fluid supply part supplies a working fluid to a contact part with a heat generating body by a capillary phenomenon.
  • the steam discharge part discharges the steam generated by the heat from the heating element to the working fluid introduction body side from the contact part.
  • the porous body is composed of a porous layer, and has, for example, a mesh structure having a large number of rectangular holes, and a lattice-like porous layer portion around the rectangular holes is a capillary tube.
  • the working fluid introduction body includes a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body, and the working fluid introduction section has a function of supplying the working fluid to the porous body and a function of holding the working fluid. Also, while the coalesced bubbles stay on the upper part of the working fluid introduction body, it functions so that the working fluid is quickly supplied to the porous body.
  • the working fluid can be a liquid having a surface tension such as water, a low-temperature fluid, a refrigerant, an organic solvent, or the like.
  • the pore radius of the porous body may be a radius of a hole originally provided in each porous body, or may be a radius of a hole formed in each porous body.
  • the shape of the pores of the porous body can be various shapes such as a polygonal shape, a circular shape, and an elliptical shape. The radius of the circumscribed circle at.
  • the size of the hole for releasing the vapor generated at the contact portion into water is preferably small.
  • the pore radius is 100 to 2000 ⁇ m. It can be.
  • the gap between the holes for releasing the steam generated at the contact portion into the water is preferably small, and can be, for example, 100 to 1000 ⁇ m. .
  • the porous material constituting the working fluid supply unit in the porous material may be ceramics such as cordierite or sintered metal, for example.
  • FIG. 3 shows a state in which the vapor mass is formed on the contact portion under the high heat flux condition, but the volume of the vapor mass increases with time and eventually cuts off from the contact portion. If the vapor mass and the vicinity of the contact portion are described in more detail, a liquid film having a finite thickness (generally called a macro liquid film) exists between the vapor mass and the contact portion (that is, the bottom of the vapor mass).
  • a liquid film having a finite thickness generally called a macro liquid film
  • the thickness of the porous body is preferably thinner from the limit mechanism of liquid supply by capillary force (capillary limit mechanism). However, if the thickness is too thin and the same as the thickness of the macro liquid film, the first porous body Liquid drainage tends to occur near the contact portion, and the critical heat flux becomes small.
  • the thickness of the porous body provided in the contact portion with the heating element is preferably thin from the viewpoint of the capillary limit mechanism, but if it is thinner than the macro liquid film thickness, the liquid body is liable to wither inside the porous body. There is a problem that the critical heat flux becomes small. Therefore, in the present invention, a working fluid introduction body including a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body is provided on the porous body provided on the contact portion with the heating element (on the working fluid side). . According to such a configuration, the working fluid is introduced between the porous body and the vapor mass above the porous body so as to supply the working fluid to the porous body and hold the working fluid above the porous body.
  • the thickness of the working fluid introduction body is preferably about 1 mm or more.
  • the porous body was circular in FIG. 5 and the vapor
  • the steam discharge part may be formed in a honeycomb shape, for example.
  • the working fluid supply unit and the vapor discharge unit are illustrated so as to be orthogonal to the lower contact unit and the upper working fluid introduction body side, but the working fluid supply unit and the vapor discharge unit are in contact with the contact unit.
  • the path between the surface and the surface in contact with the working fluid introduction body is respectively provided, the path may be configured to be, for example, a curved path or a bent path without being orthogonal.
  • the rectangular holes of each porous body function as a vapor discharge part, but the shape of the holes is not particularly limited, and other polygonal shapes, circular shapes, oval shapes It may be a shape or the like. Further, the holes may be holes originally provided in each porous body, or may be holes formed in each porous body.
  • the form of the porous body is not particularly limited, and for example, the porous body may be composed of an aggregate of porous particles.
  • the porous body may be composed of a porous layer.
  • the working fluid introduction body may have a plurality of holes penetrating in the height direction, and the plurality of holes may constitute the working fluid introduction section.
  • the plurality of holes constituting the working fluid introduction part of the working fluid introduction body may have a circular or polygonal cross section.
  • An example of the working fluid introduction body having such a configuration will be given.
  • FIG. 7 is external appearance photographs of various types of working fluid introduction bodies.
  • FIG. 7A is an external view photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through holes each having a regular hexagonal cross section.
  • FIG. 7B is an external view photograph of the working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through-holes whose cross section is formed into a perfect circle.
  • FIG. 7A is an external view photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through holes each having a regular hexagonal cross section.
  • FIG. 7B is an external view photograph of the working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through-holes whose cross section is formed into a perfect circle
  • FIG. 7C is an external view photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through holes each having a cross section formed in a regular square shape.
  • FIG. 7D is an external view photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through holes each having a cross section formed in a regular triangle shape.
  • the cross-sectional shapes of the plurality of through holes of the working fluid introduction body are not limited to these, and may be formed in an elliptical shape, a pentagonal shape, a heptagonal shape, a polygonal shape having more than that, or the like.
  • the material constituting the working fluid introduction body may be a porous material or a non-porous material.
  • a material constituting the working fluid introduction body it can be formed using a metal such as stainless steel or Teflon (registered trademark), a resin, or the like.
  • the working fluid introduction body by forming the working fluid introduction body with metal, the wettability of the working fluid introduction body is improved and the hydrophilicity is improved, so that it is possible to take in more working fluid and supply it to the heat transfer surface. Become.
  • the working fluid introduction body can supply the working fluid to the upper part of the porous body by appropriately setting the size (hydraulic diameter) of the through hole.
  • the appropriate pore size (hydraulic diameter) is specifically half of the Taylor instability wavelength, ie, (2 ⁇ ( ⁇ / g ( ⁇ L ⁇ G)) 0.5 ) / 2 [where ⁇ is the surface T is the tension, g is the acceleration of gravity, ⁇ is the working fluid density, L is the liquid phase, and G is the gas phase. ].
  • the limiting heat flux of the cooler is further improved by providing the porous body between the heat transfer surface as in the present invention.
  • the size of the hole (hydraulic diameter) in the through hole of the working fluid introduction body is set to 5 to 40 times the size of the hole of the porous body provided on the heating element side, so that the steam The discharge efficiency is improved and the cooling effect is improved.
  • a gap region is provided between the working fluid introduction body of the cooling member and the porous body. According to such a configuration, when the vapor bubbles are released, the portion becomes negative pressure, so that an effect that the liquid is supplied from the adjacent flow path can be obtained.
  • the gap region may be provided continuously with the working fluid introduction body and the porous body completely separated from each other, or may be provided discontinuously with partial separation.
  • the configuration of the gap region is not particularly limited, but when a continuous gap region is provided by being completely separated, the working fluid introduction body is fixed in a state of being separated from the porous body by a predetermined means such as a wire. It is good also as composition to do.
  • the working fluid introduction body when the working fluid introduction body is partially separated from the porous body and the gap region is provided discontinuously, a partial defect portion is formed at the end of the working fluid introduction body on the side in contact with the porous body. It is good also as a structure which forms. Further, the height of the gap region is preferably 0.1 mm to 1 mm.
  • a gap region is formed at the contact portion between the porous body of the cooling member and the heating element.
  • the vapor generated at the bottom surface of the working fluid supply unit of the porous body travels along the bottom surface of the working fluid supply unit, and then exits to the vapor discharge unit and is discharged upward from the vapor discharge unit.
  • the gap region becomes a passage for the vapor generated at the bottom surface of the porous body, and the discharge of the vapor is promoted. The critical heat flux is improved.
  • the gap area may be processed to be rough on the surface of the contact part, but since the gap area necessary for the discharge of the vapor is very small, simply contacting the porous body with the contact part from the beginning. A sufficient gap region is formed by the roughness of the surface of the contact portion. In addition, since the gap
  • the entire heating element can be immersed in the working fluid, or a part of the heating element can be partially immersed from the liquid level of the working fluid for cooling.
  • the heating element takes various forms depending on cases such as a floating state, a state where it is placed on the bottom surface of the container, and the important point is that the porous body and the working fluid introduction body are placed in the portion immersed in the working fluid.
  • the liquid when steam is generated in the working fluid supply section and the contact section of the porous body, the liquid is forcibly supplied to the contact section by capillary action, so that the container (water tank) for storing the working fluid such as water
  • the container water tank
  • a simple water reservoir can be used, and a pump is not required, so that the structure can be simplified, installation cost and running Cost is low.
  • a working fluid introduction body including a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body is provided on the porous body provided on the contact portion with the heating element (on the working fluid side).
  • FIG. 8 shows a cooler using a pool boiling method according to the second embodiment.
  • the cooler includes a container for storing the working fluid, and a cooling member provided in the container so as to be in contact with the working fluid and to be in contact with the heating element.
  • the cooling member is configured in a laminated structure including first and second porous bodies provided on the heating element side and a working fluid introduction body provided on the working fluid side.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view in a state where the cooling member according to the present embodiment is provided in the contact portion.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of the first and second porous bodies.
  • the first porous body includes a first working fluid supply unit and a first vapor discharge unit.
  • the first working fluid supply unit supplies the working fluid to the contact portion with the heating element by capillary action.
  • the first steam discharge unit discharges the steam generated by the heat from the heating element from the contact portion to the second porous body side.
  • the first porous body is composed of a porous layer, and has, for example, a mesh structure having a large number of rectangular holes, and a lattice-like porous layer around the rectangular holes.
  • the supply of the working fluid and the discharge of the steam are performed using separate paths in this manner, so that the steam covers the contact portion and the limit heat flux is limited. Can be suppressed.
  • the second porous body is composed of a porous layer as in the case of the first porous body, for example, a mesh structure having a number of rectangular holes.
  • the lattice-shaped porous layer portion around the rectangular hole functions as a second working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to the first porous body, and the rectangular hole is the first hole. It functions as a second steam discharge section for discharging the steam discharged from the porous body to the working fluid introduction body side.
  • the second porous body has a larger working fluid permeability than the first porous body, has a function of holding the working fluid, and coalesced bubbles stay in the upper portion of the second porous body. In the meantime, it functions so that the working fluid is quickly supplied to the first porous body.
  • the second porous body operates more than the permeability of the first porous body by making the pore radius of the porous body larger than the pore radius of the first porous body to facilitate the passage of the working fluid.
  • the fluid permeability can be increased.
  • the pore radius of the porous body may be a radius of a hole originally provided in each porous body, or may be a radius of a hole formed in each porous body.
  • the shape of the pores of the porous body can be various shapes such as a polygonal shape, a circular shape, and an elliptical shape. The radius of the circumscribed circle at.
  • the second porous body has a porosity of the porous body larger than that of the first porous body to facilitate the passage of the working fluid, so that the permeability of the first porous body is higher than that of the first porous body.
  • the permeability of the working fluid can be increased.
  • the porosity of the porous body can be increased, for example, by adjusting the particle size / amount of the binder to be mixed with the metal powder in the manufacturing process of the porous body.
  • the size of the hole for releasing the steam generated at the contact portion into water is preferably small.
  • the thickness can be 100 to 2000 ⁇ m.
  • the gap between the holes for releasing the steam generated at the contact portion into the water is preferably small, and can be, for example, 100 to 1000 ⁇ m. .
  • the porous material constituting the first working fluid supply unit in the first porous body may be ceramics such as cordierite or a sintered metal, for example.
  • the first porous body supplies the working fluid to the contact portion by capillary action when the liquid evaporates in the first working fluid supply portion, but considering the limit mechanism of liquid supply by capillary force, As the capillary length (ie, the thickness of the first porous body) is thinner, the limit, that is, the “critical heat flux” can be increased.
  • FIG. 3 shows a state in which the vapor mass is formed on the contact portion under the high heat flux condition, but the volume of the vapor mass increases with time and eventually cuts off from the contact portion.
  • a liquid film having a finite thickness exists between the vapor mass and the contact portion (that is, the bottom of the vapor mass).
  • a macro liquid film exists between the vapor mass and the contact portion (that is, the bottom of the vapor mass).
  • burnout occurs when the macro liquid film at the bottom of the vapor mass is exhausted and exhausted while the vapor mass remains on the macro liquid film.
  • the heat flux at this time is called “limit heat flux”.
  • the thickness of the first porous body is preferably thinner from the limit mechanism of liquid supply by capillary force (capillary limit mechanism), but if the thickness is too thin and is approximately the same as the thickness of the macro liquid film, Liquid withering tends to occur near the contact portion of the porous body, and the critical heat flux becomes small.
  • the thickness of the porous body provided in the contact portion with the heating element is preferably thin from the viewpoint of the capillary limit mechanism, but if it is thinner than the macro liquid film thickness, the liquid body is liable to wither inside the porous body. There is a problem that the critical heat flux becomes small. Therefore, in the present invention, the porous body provided at the contact portion with the heating element is the first porous body, and the permeability of the working fluid is higher than that of the first porous body (on the working fluid side). A large second porous body is provided. According to such a configuration, the second porous body that supplies the working fluid to the first porous body in an abundant manner between the first porous body and the vapor mass above the first porous body.
  • the thickness of the first porous body is reduced, the occurrence of liquid withering is suppressed, and the critical heat flux can be prevented from being reduced.
  • the thickness of the second porous body is preferably about 1 to 2 mm or more.
  • the second porous body may be formed of ceramics such as cordierite, but is preferably formed of metal from the viewpoint of workability and strength.
  • FIG. 10 shows a form in which the first porous body and the second porous body are both circular, and the first and second vapor discharge portions are both in a lattice shape. There is no intention to limit to such a form.
  • the first and second vapor discharge portions may be formed in a honeycomb shape, for example.
  • FIG. 10 shows the first and second working fluid supply sections and the steam discharge section so as to be orthogonal to the lower contact section and the upper working fluid introduction body side.
  • steam discharge part respectively provide the path
  • It may be configured as follows.
  • the rectangular holes of each porous body function as a vapor discharge part, but the shape of the holes is not particularly limited, and other polygonal shapes, circular shapes, oval shapes It may be a shape or the like. Further, the holes may be holes originally provided in each porous body, or may be holes formed in each porous body.
  • first porous body and the second porous body is not particularly limited.
  • first porous body and the second porous body are both aggregates of porous particles. It may be configured.
  • both the 1st porous body and the 2nd porous body may be comprised by the porous layer.
  • one of the first porous body and the second porous body may be composed of an aggregate of porous particles, and the other may be composed of a porous layer.
  • first porous body and the second porous body are composed of an aggregate of porous particles
  • a gap between a plurality of porous particles has a function as a vapor discharge portion, and the gap It is possible to adopt a configuration in which the members around are functioning as a working fluid supply unit.
  • the porous body of the cooling member is not limited to the one constituted by the first porous body and the second porous body, and the third porous body is further provided on the working fluid side of the second porous body.
  • a porous body may be provided to form a total of three layers.
  • the third porous body includes a working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to the second porous body, and a steam discharge that discharges the steam discharged from the second porous body to the working fluid introduction body side. Department.
  • the porous body may be configured to have a total of four or more layers by laminating a plurality of porous bodies on the working fluid side of the second porous body.
  • FIG. 11 the schematic diagram of the cooler of the reactor pressure vessel bottom part of the light water reactor which concerns on Embodiment 3 is shown.
  • a support ring is attached so as to surround the reactor in the circumferential direction from the side of the reactor, and a honeycomb mounting net (metal mesh) supported by the support ring is attached.
  • the honeycomb mounting net may not be made of metal but may be formed of a heat resistant resin.
  • a cooling member having a laminated structure of a honeycomb-like porous body and a working fluid introduction body is provided so as to cover the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel and temporarily fixed. .
  • the honeycomb mounting net is pulled near the support ring to bring the honeycomb mounting net into contact with the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel.
  • the cooling member is structured to be held from below by the honeycomb mounting net.
  • the honeycomb mounting net may not be a mesh, and may be formed using a plurality of tapes because the construction is simpler. Moreover, a part including the deepest part of the reactor pressure vessel bottom is immersed in a vessel containing water.
  • the porous body of the cooling member and the working fluid introduction body have the same structure as that described in the first embodiment, realize a good critical heat flux, and prevent melt-through at the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel. Therefore, it is possible to realize a critical heat flux of about 2000 kW / m 2 which is necessary for this purpose, and about 2500 kW / m 2 or more beyond that.
  • the cooler according to the present invention is particularly suitable for cooling the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel in the event of a reactor accident.
  • the cooling member covers a part of the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel.
  • the cooling member may be provided so as to cover all of the portion immersed in the vessel containing water at the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel. Good.
  • the cooling member provided with the honeycomb-shaped porous body and the working fluid introduction body so as to cover the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel according to the third embodiment may be supported without using the honeycomb mounting net.
  • the porous body and the working fluid introduction body are supported by forming the working fluid introduction body from metal and fixing the end of the working fluid introduction body to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel, which is a heating element. May be. Welding is preferably spot welding because it is easy to work and provides sufficient support.
  • the radiation fin is welded to the heat generating body, and the working fluid introduction body may be fixed to the radiation fin by welding. According to such a configuration, the heat from the heat generating element is released from the heat radiation fin, so that the heat generating element can be cooled more favorably.
  • the first porous body and the second porous body are both porous as shown in FIG. You may be comprised with the aggregate
  • both the 1st porous body and the 2nd porous body may be comprised with the porous layer.
  • one of the first porous body and the second porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles, and the other is composed of a porous layer. May be.
  • the porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles, the aggregate of porous particles is wrapped with a fine mesh material to such an extent that the particles cannot pass through.
  • the said mesh material For example, it can form with the honeycomb mounting
  • the working fluid introduction body laminated on the second porous body is not shown.
  • FIG. 14 shows a cooling device according to the fourth embodiment.
  • the cooling device includes the cooler according to the first embodiment and a capacitor connected to the container. In the condenser, the evaporated working fluid is liquefied and returned to the container.
  • the cooling device does not require an external power source such as a pump, and is excellent in compactness and energy saving as the entire device.
  • FIG. 15 shows a modification of the cooling device according to the fourth embodiment. 14 and 15 can be used together with the cooler of the third embodiment.
  • the cooling device of the present invention gradually increases the pore diameter from the porous body having a small pore diameter from the first porous body to the second porous body constituting the porous body of the cooling member.
  • You may comprise so that a porous body may be laminated
  • the porous body on the side in direct contact with the bulk liquid is preferably formed so that the pore diameter is different from the diameter of fine particles such as dust existing in a large amount of working fluid such as water.
  • it is preferable that the porous body on the side in direct contact with the bulk liquid has a pore diameter sufficiently larger or smaller than the diameter of the fine particles.
  • a porous body having a large pore diameter is gradually laminated from a porous body having a small pore diameter, and the outermost pore diameter of the porous body is set to be a working fluid. If the particle size of the dust inside is sufficiently larger or smaller than that, the dust particles that have flowed in do not immediately penetrate into the deep part of the porous body, but are formed immediately after entering the porous body.
  • FIG. 16 shows a cooling device according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the first porous body may be composed of an aggregate of porous nanoparticles
  • the second porous body may be composed of a porous layer having a mesh structure.
  • FIG. 16A is a plan view of a second porous body composed of a mesh-structured porous layer having a large number of rectangular holes
  • FIG. 16B is a cooling member provided at the contact portion.
  • the first porous body is composed of an aggregate of nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 10 to 50 nm. Examples of the nanoparticles that can be used include metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, carbides, and carbon.
  • an aqueous solution in which nanoparticles are diffused is provided by a predetermined means on the heat transfer surface where the first porous body is to be formed, and the state While heating, boil by heating on the heat transfer surface.
  • the porous nanoparticles are deposited on the boiling heat transfer surface to form an aggregate, which becomes the first porous body.
  • a second porous body composed of a porous layer having a mesh structure and a working fluid introduction body are provided in this order on the aggregate of the porous nanoparticles.
  • a member can be provided.
  • a second porous body and a working fluid introduction body are provided on the surface of the heating element, and then, between the surface of the heating element and the second porous body.
  • a first porous body may be provided.
  • the second is configured by a porous layer having a mesh structure on the surface of a part immersed in the working liquid of the heating element in which nanoparticles are dispersed in the working fluid.
  • the porous body and the working fluid introduction body are provided in this order, and the nanoparticles in the working fluid are deposited on the heat transfer surface of the heating body by the heat from the heating body, and the porous nanoparticles are aggregated.
  • the first porous body is formed between the heating element and the second porous body, so that the cooling member is mounted on the surface of the portion immersed in the working liquid of the heating element.
  • a honeycomb porous body (second porous body) and a working fluid introduction body are provided in advance in a pressure vessel of a nuclear reactor, and nanoparticles are supplied and dispersed in the working fluid when an accident occurs. .
  • the working fluid containing the nanoparticles boiled on the working fluid side surface (heat transfer surface) of the pressure vessel, so that a set of porous nanoparticles is formed between the heat transfer surface and the second porous body.
  • a first porous body composed of the body is formed.
  • the aggregate of nanoparticles constituting the first porous body has a large number of pores between or within the particles constituting the first working fluid supply section or the first vapor discharge section.
  • the first porous body performs the supply of the working fluid and the discharge of the steam using separate paths, so that the steam covers the contact portion as described with reference to FIG. The occurrence of the problem that the critical heat flux is limited can be suppressed.
  • the second porous body functions as a second working fluid supply section in which the lattice-shaped porous layer portion around the rectangular holes supplies the working fluid to the first porous body.
  • the holes function as a second vapor discharge unit that discharges the vapor discharged from the first porous body into the working fluid.
  • the second porous body has a larger working fluid permeability than the first porous body, has a function of holding the working fluid, and coalesced bubbles stay in the upper portion of the second porous body. In the meantime, it functions so that the working fluid is quickly supplied to the first porous body.
  • the first porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous nanoparticles
  • the heat transfer surface has good wettability
  • the second porous body is composed of a porous layer having a mesh structure.
  • the present invention can be applied to various electronic devices and other thermal devices having a high heat generation density in addition to cooling of the reactor pressure vessel.
  • divertor cooling in fusion reactors high performance of capillary pump loops, semiconductor lasers, data center server cooling, CFC-cooled chopper control devices, power electronics, and the like are conceivable.
  • it can be applied to a water-cooled jacket that improves the high-temperature work environment by reducing the heat dissipated from the side or bottom of a glass or aluminum melting furnace to the surrounding environment.
  • the present invention can be applied to a water-cooled jacket installed on the side of the fire wall or the bottom of the fire wall to reduce damage by cooling the fire wall such as a large garbage incinerator from the outside.
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus.
  • FIG. 17A shows a schematic schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus
  • FIG. 17B shows an example of the structure of the cooling member (sample) provided on the heat transfer surface on the copper cylinder of the experimental apparatus.
  • the diameter of the contact portion in contact with the working fluid of the experimental apparatus was 50 mm.
  • a copper cylinder embedded with a cartridge heater was used as a heating element. The amount of heating was controlled by controlling the voltage applied to the cartridge heater with a variable autotransformer.
  • the container was a Pyrex (registered trademark) tube so that the state of internal boiling could be observed.
  • the working liquid was distilled water at a depth of 170 mm and heated with a heater to maintain the saturation temperature.
  • the generated steam was condensed by a condenser provided at the upper end of the Pyrex (registered trademark) tube and returned to the container.
  • a disk (trade name: MF-Millipore) having a mixture of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate was used as the porous body of the cooling member.
  • the diameter of the porous disk was 50 mm
  • the diameter of the discharge port (round shape) of the steam discharge part was 1.9 mm
  • the hole radius was 0.8 ⁇ m
  • the porosity was 80%
  • the plate thickness was 0.15 mm.
  • No. 1 to 12 stainless steel structures of various forms were prepared.
  • h of the structure indicates the height
  • l indicates the length of the side of each hole (hexagon, triangle, or square) of the structure
  • D indicates the diameter of each hole of the structure
  • ⁇ w represents the thickness of the wall portion that partitions each hole of the structure.
  • FIG. 18 shows a boiling curve obtained in the experiment.
  • the boiling curve represents the characteristics of boiling heat transfer
  • the vertical axis represents the heat flux
  • the horizontal axis represents the difference between the heating element temperature and the liquid saturation temperature, that is, the degree of superheat ⁇ Tsat [K] at the contact portion.
  • FIG. 19 shows the result of arranging the data shown in FIG. 18 with respect to the form of the working fluid introduction body (hole shape: expressed as Cell geometry). 18 to 19, it was found that the critical heat flux is higher in the case where the working fluid introduction body is provided on the cooling member regardless of the shape than in the case where nothing is provided.
  • Test b Relationship between the height of the structure of the working fluid introduction body and the critical heat flux
  • FIG. 20 shows a boiling curve obtained in the experiment.
  • FIG. 21 shows the result of arranging the data (Nos. 5 to 8) shown in FIG. 20 with respect to the height of the structure of the working fluid introduction body (denoted as structure height). 20 to 21, it was found that the critical heat flux varies depending on the height of the structure of the working fluid introduction body.
  • Test c Relationship between the thickness of the wall part partitioning each hole of the structure of the working fluid introduction body and the limit heat flux
  • the thickness of the wall part partitioning each hole of the structure of the working fluid introduction body, and the limit heat flux was carried out using any one of 3, 9 to 12 working fluid introduction bodies as a cooling member.
  • FIG. 22 shows the boiling curve obtained in the experiment.
  • FIG. 23 shows the result of arranging the data shown in FIG. 22 with respect to the thickness (indicated as cell size) of the wall portion partitioning each hole of the structure of the working fluid introduction body. From FIGS. 22 to 23, it was found that the critical heat flux varies depending on the thickness of the wall portion partitioning each hole of the structure of the working fluid introduction body.
  • Test Example 2 In order to examine the relationship between the layered structure of the cooling member and the critical heat flux, the following experiment was conducted.
  • an experimental apparatus shown in FIG. Further, it provided the porous layer (NP) by coating the nanoparticles (TiO 2) to the heat transfer surfaces on the copper cylinder of the experimental device.
  • a stainless lattice structure (MS) having a square cell (vapor discharge part) with a side of 11.26 mm and a height of 25 mm was prepared as a working fluid introduction body.
  • the heat flux was measured by the same method as in Test Example 1 except for the cooling member provided on the heat transfer surface.
  • a cooling member is not provided on the heat transfer surface (BS), only a nanoparticle porous layer (NP) is provided on the heat transfer surface, and only a lattice structure (MS) is provided on the heat transfer surface.
  • the experimental result of the obtained critical heat flux is shown in FIG. According to FIG. 25, the limiting heat flux is the one in which a porous layer of nanoparticles is provided on the heat transfer surface, a honeycomb porous body is further provided thereon, and a lattice structure is further provided thereon (NP + HP + MS).
  • NP + HP + MS honeycomb porous body

Abstract

Provided is a cooler that has a simple structure and that has stable and favorable cooling effects. A cooler that uses a boiling system to cool a heating element and that comprises: a container that houses a working fluid; and a cooling member that is provided inside the container so as to contact the working fluid and so as to face the heating element. The cooling member is constituted by a layered structure that comprises: a porous body that is provided on a heating element side; and a working fluid introduction body that is provided on a working fluid side. The porous body comprises: a working fluid supply part that uses capillary action to supply the working fluid to a contact part that contacts the heating element; and a steam discharge part that discharges steam that is generated at the contact part to a working fluid introduction body side. The working fluid introduction body comprises a working fluid introduction part that leads the working fluid to the porous body.

Description

冷却器及びそれを用いた冷却装置、並びに、発熱体の冷却方法COOLER, COOLING DEVICE USING SAME, AND METHOD OF COOLING HEAT GENERATOR
　本発明は、冷却器及びそれを用いた冷却装置、並びに、発熱体の冷却方法に関し、より詳細には沸騰方式による冷却器及びそれを用いた冷却装置、並びに、発熱体の冷却方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a cooler, a cooling device using the same, and a cooling method for a heating element, and more particularly to a boiling-type cooler, a cooling device using the same, and a cooling method for a heating element. is there.
　近年、図１に示すような軽水炉の圧力容器において、燃料棒が溶融事故を起こしても、原子炉圧力容器底部を外部から水で冷却してメルトスルーを生じさせない冷却機構が求められており、そのような冷却機構として、沸騰冷却方式によるものが知られている。 In recent years, in a pressure vessel of a light water reactor as shown in FIG. 1, there is a demand for a cooling mechanism that does not cause melt-through by cooling the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel with water from the outside even if a fuel rod causes a melting accident, As such a cooling mechanism, a boiling cooling system is known.
　沸騰冷却方式には、プール沸騰方式と、強制流動沸騰方式がある。ここでは、プール沸騰方式による発熱体の一般的な冷却機構について説明する。図２は、従来のプール沸騰方式による冷却器を示している。冷却器は、容器と、容器内に収容された作動流体とを備え、容器は、冷却対象である発熱体との接触部を有する。発熱体において熱が発生し、接触部を通して作動流体に熱が伝わると、接触部の近傍に存在する作動流体が沸騰する。沸騰により蒸気が生じると気液の密度差により接触部に作動流体が供給される。こうして新たに供給された作動流体がさらに蒸発し、発熱体から熱を除去する。プール沸騰方式による冷却器は、強制流動沸騰方式のような液体を循環させるための外部動力源が不要であるため、コンパクト性および省エネルギー性に有利である。 The boiling cooling method includes a pool boiling method and a forced flow boiling method. Here, a general cooling mechanism of the heating element by the pool boiling method will be described. FIG. 2 shows a conventional pool boiling cooler. The cooler includes a container and a working fluid contained in the container, and the container has a contact portion with a heating element to be cooled. When heat is generated in the heating element and the heat is transmitted to the working fluid through the contact portion, the working fluid existing in the vicinity of the contact portion boils. When steam is generated by boiling, the working fluid is supplied to the contact portion due to the density difference between the gas and the liquid. In this way, the newly supplied working fluid is further evaporated, and heat is removed from the heating element. The pool boiling type cooler is advantageous in terms of compactness and energy saving because it does not require an external power source for circulating the liquid as in the forced flow boiling method.
特開２００９－１３９００５号公報JP 2009-139005 A
　しかしながら、接触部に大きな熱流束が加えられると、従来のプール沸騰方式による冷却器では問題がある。図３にその様子を示す。熱流束が大きくなるにつれて、作動流体の蒸発量が増加し、接触部が蒸気に覆われ始める。接触部が完全に蒸気に覆われて乾燥状態となり、接触部へ作動流体が供給されなくなると、冷却器の冷却能力は著しく劣化する。この状態の熱流束を「限界熱流束」という。 However, if a large heat flux is applied to the contact portion, there is a problem with the conventional pool boiling type cooler. This is shown in FIG. As the heat flux increases, the amount of evaporation of the working fluid increases and the contact portion begins to be covered with steam. When the contact portion is completely covered with steam and becomes dry, and the working fluid is not supplied to the contact portion, the cooling capacity of the cooler is significantly deteriorated. The heat flux in this state is referred to as “limit heat flux”.
　従来のプール沸騰方式による冷却器の限界熱流束は、飽和状態において大気圧・水の条件下の場合１０００ｋＷ／ｍ2程度であるのに対し（非特許文献１参照）、上記のような軽水炉の原子炉圧力容器底部のメルトスルーを防止するためには、冷却器に少なくとも２０００ｋＷ／ｍ2程度以上の限界熱流束が求められる。 The limit heat flux of the cooler by the conventional pool boiling method is about 1000 kW / m 2 in the saturated state under atmospheric pressure and water conditions (see Non-Patent Document 1). In order to prevent melt-through at the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel, a limit heat flux of at least about 2000 kW / m 2 is required for the cooler.
　これに対し、本発明者は、特開２００９－１３９００５号公報（特許文献１）において多孔質体を発熱体と冷却容器内の水との間に設けて、多孔質体の毛細管現象により水を発熱体へ供給しつつ、それにより発生した蒸気を容器内の水中へ排出する構造とすることで、簡易な構造で従来の限界熱流束を飛躍的に向上させている。しかしながら、より安全に原子炉圧力容器底部のメルトスルーを防止するためには、冷却効果をさらに高めた冷却器の開発が望まれている。 On the other hand, the present inventor disclosed in JP 2009-139005 A (Patent Document 1) that a porous body is provided between a heating element and water in a cooling container, and water is supplied by capillary action of the porous body. The conventional limit heat flux is drastically improved with a simple structure by supplying the heat generating element and discharging the generated steam into the water in the container. However, in order to more safely prevent melt-through at the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel, it is desired to develop a cooler that further enhances the cooling effect.
　本発明は、簡易な構造で且つ良好な冷却効果を安定して有する冷却器及びそれを用いた冷却装置、並びに、発熱体の冷却方法を提供することを課題とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a cooler having a simple structure and stably having a good cooling effect, a cooling device using the cooler, and a method for cooling a heating element.
　本発明者は研究を重ねたところ、詳細は後述するが、特許文献１に開示された多孔質体を発熱体側に設けて、さらに、それに重ねるようにして、作動流体側に、作動流体を多孔質体に導く作動流体導入部を備える作動流体導入体を設けることで、冷却効果をさらに向上させた冷却器を提供することが可能となることを見出した。 As a result of repeated research, the inventor has provided the porous body disclosed in Patent Document 1 on the heating element side, and further overlaps the working fluid on the working fluid side. It has been found that by providing a working fluid introduction body including a working fluid introduction section that leads to a material body, it is possible to provide a cooler that further improves the cooling effect.
　すなわち、本発明の一態様は発熱体を冷却するための沸騰方式による冷却器であって、作動流体を収容する容器と、前記容器内において、前記作動流体と接するように且つ前記発熱体に対向するように設けられた冷却部材とを備え、前記冷却部材は、前記発熱体側に設けられた多孔質体と、前記作動流体側に設けられた作動流体導入体とを備えた積層構造に構成され、前記多孔質体は、毛細管現象により前記作動流体を前記発熱体との接触部に供給する作動流体供給部と、前記接触部で発生した蒸気を前記作動流体導入体側へ排出する蒸気排出部とを備え、前記作動流体導入体は、前記作動流体を前記多孔質体に導く作動流体導入部を備える冷却器である。 That is, an aspect of the present invention is a boiling-type cooler for cooling a heating element, and a container that contains a working fluid, and is in contact with the working fluid in the container and faces the heating element. The cooling member is configured in a laminated structure including a porous body provided on the heating element side and a working fluid introduction body provided on the working fluid side. The porous body includes a working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to the contact portion with the heating element by capillary action, and a steam discharge unit that discharges the steam generated at the contact portion to the working fluid introduction body side. The working fluid introduction body is a cooler comprising a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body.
　本発明の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記作動流体導入体は、それぞれ高さ方向に貫通する複数の孔を有し、前記複数の孔が前記作動流体導入部を構成する。 In the cooler according to the embodiment of the present invention, the working fluid introduction body has a plurality of holes penetrating in the height direction, and the plurality of holes constitute the working fluid introduction section.
　本発明の別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記作動流体導入体の作動流体導入部を構成する複数の孔は、断面が円形状又は多角形状である。 In a cooler according to another embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of holes constituting the working fluid introduction part of the working fluid introduction body have a circular or polygonal cross section.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記作動流体導入体と前記多孔質体との間に隙間領域が設けられている。 In a cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, a gap region is provided between the working fluid introduction body and the porous body.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記多孔質体が、多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されている。 In a cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, the porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記多孔質体が、多孔質層で構成されている。 In a cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, the porous body is composed of a porous layer.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記多孔質体は、前記発熱体側に設けられた第１の多孔質体と、前記作動流体導入体側に設けられた第２の多孔質体とを備えた積層構造に構成され、前記第１の多孔質体は、毛細管現象により前記作動流体を前記発熱体との接触部に供給する第１の作動流体供給部と、前記接触部で発生した蒸気を前記第２の多孔質体側へ排出する第１の蒸気排出部とを備え、前記第２の多孔質体は、前記作動流体導入体によって導入された作動流体を前記第１の多孔質体に供給する第２の作動流体供給部と、前記第１の多孔質体から排出された蒸気を前記作動流体導入体側へ排出する第２の蒸気排出部とを備え、前記第１の多孔質体よりも前記作動流体の透過率が大きい多孔質体で形成されている。 In the cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, the porous body includes a first porous body provided on the heating element side and a second porous body provided on the working fluid introduction body side. The first porous body includes a first working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to a contact portion with the heating element by capillary action, and the contact portion. A first vapor discharge section that discharges the generated vapor to the second porous body side, and the second porous body supplies the working fluid introduced by the working fluid introduction body to the first porous body. A second working fluid supply section for supplying the material, and a second steam discharge section for discharging the steam discharged from the first porous body to the working fluid introduction body side, the first porous It is formed of a porous body having a larger permeability of the working fluid than the solid body.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記第２の多孔質体は、孔半径を前記第１の多孔質体の孔半径より大きくすることで、及び／又は、空隙率を前記第１の多孔質体の空隙率より大きくすることで、前記第１の多孔質体よりも前記作動流体の透過率を大きくされている。 In the cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, the second porous body has a pore radius larger than that of the first porous body and / or has a porosity. By making it larger than the porosity of the first porous body, the permeability of the working fluid is made larger than that of the first porous body.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記第１の多孔質体及び前記第２の多孔質体のいずれか一方が多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されており、他方が多孔質層で構成されている。 In the cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, either one of the first porous body and the second porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles, and the other is porous. It is composed of a quality layer.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記第１の多孔質体が多孔質ナノ粒子の集合体で構成されており、前記第２の多孔質体がメッシュ構造を有する多孔質層で構成されている。 In the cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, the first porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous nanoparticles, and the second porous body has a mesh structure. Consists of layers.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記第１の多孔質体が多孔質層で構成されており、前記第１の蒸気排出部が、前記多孔質層を貫通する孔である。 In the cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, the first porous body is formed of a porous layer, and the first vapor discharge portion is a hole penetrating the porous layer. is there.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記作動流体導入体が金属で形成されている。 In a cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, the working fluid introduction body is made of metal.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記金属で形成された作動流体導入体の端部が前記発熱体に溶接により固定されている。 In a cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, an end portion of the working fluid introduction body formed of the metal is fixed to the heating element by welding.
　本発明の更に別の一実施形態に係る冷却器では、前記発熱体に放熱フィンが溶接されており、前記放熱フィンに前記作動流体導入体が溶接により固定されている。 In a cooler according to still another embodiment of the present invention, a radiating fin is welded to the heating element, and the working fluid introduction body is fixed to the radiating fin by welding.
　本発明は別の一態様は、本発明の冷却器と、前記冷却器の容器に接続され、蒸発した作動流体を液化するコンデンサとを備えた冷却装置である。 Another aspect of the present invention is a cooling device including the cooler according to the present invention and a condenser that is connected to a container of the cooler and liquefies the evaporated working fluid.
　本発明は更に別の一態様は、作動流体を収容した容器の作動流体中に、発熱体を少なくとも部分的に浸漬して発熱体を冷却する沸騰方式による冷却方法において、前記発熱体の作動液体に浸漬された部分の表面に、前記発熱体側に設けられた多孔質体と、前記作動流体側に設けられた作動流体導入体とを備えた積層構造に構成された冷却部材を装着する発熱体の冷却方法であり、前記多孔質体は、毛細管現象により前記作動流体を前記発熱体との接触部に供給する作動流体供給部と、前記接触部で発生した蒸気を前記作動流体導入体側へ排出する蒸気排出部とを備え、前記作動流体導入体は、前記作動流体を前記多孔質体に導く作動流体導入部を備える発熱体の冷却方法である。 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cooling method using a boiling system in which the heating element is cooled by at least partially immersing the heating element in a working fluid of a container containing the working fluid. A heating element in which a cooling member configured in a laminated structure including a porous body provided on the heating element side and a working fluid introduction body provided on the working fluid side is mounted on the surface of the portion immersed in The porous body has a working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to a contact portion with the heating element by capillary action, and discharges steam generated at the contact portion to the working fluid introduction body side. And the working fluid introduction body includes a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body.
　本発明の一実施形態に係る発熱体の冷却方法では、前記多孔質体は、前記発熱体側に設けられた第１の多孔質体と、前記作動流体導入体側に設けられた第２の多孔質体とを備えた積層構造に構成され、前記第１の多孔質体は、毛細管現象により前記作動流体を前記発熱体との接触部に供給する第１の作動流体供給部と、前記接触部で発生した蒸気を前記第２の多孔質体側へ排出する第１の蒸気排出部とを備え、前記第２の多孔質体は、前記作動流体導入体によって導入された作動流体を前記第１の多孔質体に供給する第２の作動流体供給部と、前記第１の多孔質体から排出された蒸気を前記作動流体導入体側へ排出する第２の蒸気排出部とを備え、前記第１の多孔質体よりも前記作動流体の透過率が大きい多孔質体で形成されている。 In the heating element cooling method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the porous body includes a first porous body provided on the heating element side and a second porous body provided on the working fluid introduction body side. The first porous body includes a first working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to a contact portion with the heating element by capillary action, and the contact portion. A first vapor discharge section that discharges the generated vapor to the second porous body side, and the second porous body supplies the working fluid introduced by the working fluid introduction body to the first porous body. A second working fluid supply section for supplying the material, and a second steam discharge section for discharging the steam discharged from the first porous body to the working fluid introduction body side, the first porous It is formed of a porous body having a larger permeability of the working fluid than the solid body.
　本発明の別の一実施形態に係る発熱体の冷却方法では、前記作動流体中にナノ粒子を分散させておき、且つ、前記発熱体の作動液体に浸漬された部分の表面に、メッシュ構造を有する多孔質層で構成された前記第２の多孔質体及び前記作動流体導入体をこの順で設けておき、発熱体からの熱によって、前記作動流体中のナノ粒子が沸騰する発熱体の伝熱面上で析出して多孔質ナノ粒子の集合体を構成することで前記第１の多孔質体を前記発熱体と前記第２の多孔質体との間に形成することで、前記発熱体の作動液体に浸漬された部分の表面に前記冷却部材を装着する。 In the heating element cooling method according to another embodiment of the present invention, nanoparticles are dispersed in the working fluid, and a mesh structure is formed on the surface of the portion immersed in the working liquid of the heating element. The second porous body composed of the porous layer and the working fluid introduction body are provided in this order, and the heat transfer from the heating element in which the nanoparticles in the working fluid are boiled by the heat from the heating element. The heating element is formed by forming the first porous body between the heating element and the second porous body by forming an aggregate of porous nanoparticles by depositing on the hot surface. The cooling member is mounted on the surface of the portion immersed in the working liquid.
　本発明の冷却器及びそれを用いた冷却装置、並びに、発熱体の冷却方法は、少なくとも以下の効果を有する：
　（１）原子炉圧力容器底部のメルトスルーを防止するために必要な２０００ｋＷ／ｍ2程度、さらにはそれを超えて２５００ｋＷ／ｍ2程度以上の限界熱流束を実現できる。
　（２）多孔質体の作動流体供給部と接触部で蒸気が発生すると毛細管現象により強制的に液体が接触部に供給されるので、プール沸騰冷却方式とする場合には水等の作動流体を収容する容器（水槽）は、水の流路やポンプ等を設ける必要が無く、単なる水溜を用いることができ、簡易な構造とすることができ、設置コストやランニングコストが安価となる。
　（３）発熱体との接触部に設ける多孔質体の厚さは、毛管限界メカニズムの観点からは薄いほうがよいが、薄すぎると合体泡が多孔質体上部で滞留している間に多孔質体内部で液枯れが生じやすく、限界熱流束が小さくなる。そこで、本発明では発熱体との接触部に設ける多孔質体の上に（作動流体側に）、作動流体を多孔質体に導く作動流体導入部を備える作動流体導入体を設けている。このような構成によれば、多孔質体とその上方の蒸気塊との間に、作動流体を多孔質体に向かって潤沢に液体を供給し、液体を保水することができる作動流体導入体が存在するため、多孔質体の厚さを薄くしても、液枯れの発生が抑制され、限界熱流束が小さくなることを防ぐことができる。 The cooler of the present invention, the cooling device using the same, and the heating element cooling method have at least the following effects:
(1) A critical heat flux of about 2000 kW / m 2 necessary to prevent melt-through at the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel, and more than about 2500 kW / m 2 can be realized.
(2) When steam is generated in the working fluid supply section and the contact section of the porous body, liquid is forcibly supplied to the contact section by capillary action. Therefore, when using the pool boiling cooling system, working fluid such as water is used. The container (water tank) to be accommodated does not need to be provided with a water flow path, a pump or the like, can use a simple water reservoir, can have a simple structure, and installation cost and running cost are low.
(3) The thickness of the porous body provided at the contact portion with the heating element is preferably thin from the viewpoint of the capillary limit mechanism, but if it is too thin, the porous body is porous while the coalescing bubbles stay on the upper part of the porous body. Liquid drainage easily occurs inside the body, and the critical heat flux is reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, a working fluid introduction body including a working fluid introduction portion that guides the working fluid to the porous body is provided on the porous body provided on the contact portion with the heating element (on the working fluid side). According to such a configuration, the working fluid introduction body capable of supplying a sufficient amount of working fluid toward the porous body and holding the liquid between the porous body and the vapor mass above the porous body. Therefore, even if the thickness of the porous body is reduced, the occurrence of liquid withering is suppressed, and the critical heat flux can be prevented from being reduced.
軽水炉（その一例として沸騰水型原子炉）の圧力容器の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the pressure vessel of a light water reactor (an example is a boiling water reactor). 従来のプール沸騰方式による冷却器の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the cooler by the conventional pool boiling system. 従来のプール沸騰方式による冷却器の限界熱流束を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the limit heat flux of the cooler by the conventional pool boiling system. 実施形態１に係るプール沸騰方式による冷却器の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the cooler by the pool boiling system which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態１に係る冷却部材を接触部に設けた状態における断面図である。It is sectional drawing in the state which provided the cooling member which concerns on Embodiment 1 in the contact part. 多孔質体の平面図である。It is a top view of a porous body. （Ａ）は断面が正六角形状に形成された貫通孔を複数有する作動流体導入体の外観写真であり、（Ｂ）は断面が真円状に形成された貫通孔を複数有する作動流体導入体の外観写真であり、（Ｃ）は断面が正四角形状に形成された貫通孔を複数有する作動流体導入体の外観写真であり、（Ｄ）は断面が正三角形状に形成された貫通孔を複数有する作動流体導入体の外観写真である。(A) is an appearance photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through-holes having a cross section formed in a regular hexagon, and (B) is a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through-holes having a cross section formed in a perfect circle. (C) is an appearance photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through-holes whose cross section is formed in a regular square shape, and (D) is a through-hole whose cross section is formed in a regular triangle shape. It is an external appearance photograph of the working fluid introduction body which has multiple. 実施形態２に係るプール沸騰方式による冷却器の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the cooler by the pool boiling system which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. 実施形態２に係る冷却部材を接触部に設けた状態における断面図である。It is sectional drawing in the state which provided the cooling member which concerns on Embodiment 2 in the contact part. （Ａ）は第１の多孔質体の平面図であり、（Ｂ）は第２の多孔質体の平面図である。(A) is a top view of a 1st porous body, (B) is a top view of a 2nd porous body. 実施形態３に係る軽水炉の原子炉圧力容器底部の冷却器の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the cooler of the reactor pressure vessel bottom part of the light water reactor which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG. 作動流体導入体がその端部で発熱体である原子炉圧力容器底部に溶接により固定された実施形態の模式図である。It is the schematic diagram of embodiment by which the working fluid introduction body was fixed to the reactor pressure vessel bottom part which is a heat generating body by the end part by welding. （Ａ）は第１の多孔質体及び第２の多孔質体がいずれも多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されている形態の模式図であり、（Ｂ）は第１の多孔質体及び第２の多孔質体がいずれも多孔質層で構成されている形態の模式図であり、（Ｃ）は第１の多孔質体及び第２の多孔質体のいずれか一方が多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されており、他方が多孔質層で構成されている形態の模式図である。(A) is a schematic diagram of a form in which each of the first porous body and the second porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles, and (B) is a diagram illustrating the first porous body and the second porous body. 2 is a schematic diagram of a form in which each of the two porous bodies is composed of a porous layer, and (C) is a set of porous particles in which one of the first porous body and the second porous body is formed. It is a schematic diagram of the form comprised by the body and the other is comprised by the porous layer. 実施形態４に係る冷却装置である。It is a cooling device concerning Embodiment 4. 実施形態４に係る冷却装置の変形形態の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the deformation | transformation form of the cooling device which concerns on Embodiment 4. FIG. （Ａ）は多数の矩形状の孔を有するメッシュ構造の多孔質層で構成された第２の多孔質体の平面図であり、（Ｂ）は冷却部材を接触部に設けた状態における断面図である。(A) is a top view of the 2nd porous body comprised by the porous layer of the mesh structure which has many rectangular holes, (B) is sectional drawing in the state which provided the cooling member in the contact part. It is. （Ａ）は試験例で用いた実験装置の概略模式図であり、（Ｂ）は当該実験装置の銅円柱上の伝熱面に設けたサンプルの構造の一例である。(A) is a schematic schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus used in the test example, and (B) is an example of the structure of the sample provided on the heat transfer surface on the copper cylinder of the experimental apparatus. 試験ａで得られた沸騰曲線を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the boiling curve obtained by the test a. 図１８に示すデータを作動流体導入体の形態（孔の形状：Cell geometryと表記）について整理した結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the result of having arranged the data shown in FIG. 18 about the form (The shape of a hole: Cell geometry) of the working fluid introduction body. 試験ｂで得られた沸騰曲線を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the boiling curve obtained by the test b. 図２０に示すデータを作動流体導入体の構造体の高さ（structure heightと表記）について整理した結果を示すグラフである。21 is a graph showing a result of arranging the data shown in FIG. 20 with respect to the height of the structure of the working fluid introduction body (denoted as structure height). 試験ｃで得られた沸騰曲線を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the boiling curve obtained by the test c. 図２２に示すデータを作動流体導入体の構造体の各孔を仕切る壁部の厚み（cell sizeと表記）について整理した結果を示すグラフである。FIG. 23 is a graph showing the results of organizing the data shown in FIG. 22 with respect to the thickness of the wall portion that partitions each hole of the structure of the working fluid introduction body (expressed as cell size). 試験ｄで得られた沸騰曲線を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the boiling curve obtained by the test d. 試験例２で得られた各限界熱流束を示すグラフである。6 is a graph showing each critical heat flux obtained in Test Example 2.
　以下、図面を参照して本発明の実施形態を詳細に説明する。
　（実施形態１）
　図４は、実施形態１に係るプール沸騰方式による冷却器を示している。冷却器は、作動流体を収容する容器と、容器内において、作動流体と接するように且つ発熱体に対向して接するように設けられた冷却部材とを備える。冷却部材は、発熱体側に設けられた多孔質体と、作動流体側に設けられた作動流体導入体とを備えた積層構造に構成されている。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 4 shows a cooler using a pool boiling method according to the first embodiment. The cooler includes a container for storing the working fluid, and a cooling member provided in the container so as to be in contact with the working fluid and to be in contact with the heating element. The cooling member has a laminated structure including a porous body provided on the heating element side and a working fluid introduction body provided on the working fluid side.
　図５は、本実施形態に係る冷却部材を接触部に設けた状態における断面図である。図６は多孔質体の平面図である。多孔質体は、作動流体供給部と蒸気排出部とを備える。作動流体供給部は、毛細管現象により発熱体との接触部に作動流体を供給する。蒸気排出部は、発熱体からの熱により発生した蒸気を、接触部から作動流体導入体側へ排出する。本実施形態では、多孔質体は多孔質層で構成されており、例えば、多数の矩形状の孔を有するメッシュ構造を有し、矩形状の孔の周囲の格子状の多孔質層部分が毛細管現象により接触部に作動流体を供給する作動流体供給部として機能し、矩形状の孔が接触部で発生した蒸気を作動流体導入体側へ排出する蒸気排出部として機能する。このように作動流体の供給と蒸気の排出を別個の経路を用いて行うことにより、図３を参照して説明したように、蒸気が接触部を覆ってしまい限界熱流束が制限されるという問題の発生を抑制することができる。また作動流体導入体は、作動流体を多孔質体に導く作動流体導入部を備えており、当該作動流体導入部が多孔質体に作動流体を供給する機能及び作動流体を保持する機能を有し、作動流体導入体上部で合体気泡が滞留する間にも、速やかに多孔質体への作動流体の供給が行われるように機能する。 FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view in a state where the cooling member according to the present embodiment is provided in the contact portion. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the porous body. The porous body includes a working fluid supply unit and a vapor discharge unit. A working fluid supply part supplies a working fluid to a contact part with a heat generating body by a capillary phenomenon. The steam discharge part discharges the steam generated by the heat from the heating element to the working fluid introduction body side from the contact part. In this embodiment, the porous body is composed of a porous layer, and has, for example, a mesh structure having a large number of rectangular holes, and a lattice-like porous layer portion around the rectangular holes is a capillary tube. It functions as a working fluid supply unit that supplies a working fluid to the contact unit due to the phenomenon, and a rectangular hole functions as a steam discharge unit that discharges steam generated at the contact unit to the working fluid introduction body side. As described above with reference to FIG. 3, the supply of the working fluid and the discharge of the steam are performed using separate paths in this manner, so that the steam covers the contact portion and the limit heat flux is limited. Can be suppressed. The working fluid introduction body includes a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body, and the working fluid introduction section has a function of supplying the working fluid to the porous body and a function of holding the working fluid. Also, while the coalesced bubbles stay on the upper part of the working fluid introduction body, it functions so that the working fluid is quickly supplied to the porous body.
　作動流体は、たとえば水、低温流体、冷媒、有機溶媒等の表面張力を有する液体とすることができる。 The working fluid can be a liquid having a surface tension such as water, a low-temperature fluid, a refrigerant, an organic solvent, or the like.
　多孔質体が有する孔半径は、各多孔質体が元々備えている孔の半径であってもよいし、各多孔質体に形成した孔の半径であってもよい。ここで、多孔質体の孔の形状は、多角形状、円形状、楕円形状等、種々の形状とすることが可能であるが、本発明の「孔半径」は、そのような種々の孔形状における外接円の半径を示す。 The pore radius of the porous body may be a radius of a hole originally provided in each porous body, or may be a radius of a hole formed in each porous body. Here, the shape of the pores of the porous body can be various shapes such as a polygonal shape, a circular shape, and an elliptical shape. The radius of the circumscribed circle at.
　多孔質体の形状としては、多孔質体の接触部への接触面積が大きくなるため接触部で発生した蒸気を水中へ逃がすための孔の大きさは小さいほうがよく、例えば、孔半径１００～２０００μｍとすることができる。また、多孔質底部を通過する場合の圧力損失を小さくできるため、接触部で発生した蒸気を水中へ逃がすための孔と孔の間隔は小さい方がよく、例えば、１００～１０００μｍとすることができる。 As the shape of the porous body, since the contact area of the porous body with the contact portion is large, the size of the hole for releasing the vapor generated at the contact portion into water is preferably small. For example, the pore radius is 100 to 2000 μm. It can be. In addition, since the pressure loss when passing through the porous bottom can be reduced, the gap between the holes for releasing the steam generated at the contact portion into the water is preferably small, and can be, for example, 100 to 1000 μm. .
　多孔質体における作動流体供給部を構成する多孔質は、たとえばコーディライト等のセラミックスまたは焼結金属とすることができる。特に酸化物等の濡れ性の良い多孔質体、または、プラズマ照射等の濡れ性が向上する加工が施された多孔質体で構成されるのが望ましい。 The porous material constituting the working fluid supply unit in the porous material may be ceramics such as cordierite or sintered metal, for example. In particular, it is desirable to be composed of a porous body with good wettability such as oxide or a porous body that has been processed to improve wettability such as plasma irradiation.
　多孔質体は、作動流体供給部において、液体の蒸発が起これば毛細管現象により接触部に作動流体を供給するが、毛管力による液体供給の限界メカニズムを考慮すれば、毛細管の長さ（すなわち、多孔質体の厚さ）は薄いほうがよりその限界、すなわち「限界熱流束」を高くすることができる。一方、図３において、高熱流束条件下の接触部上で蒸気塊が形成される様子を示したが、その蒸気塊の体積は時間と共に増大し、やがて接触部から切断離脱する。この蒸気塊と接触部近傍をより詳細に説明すれば、蒸気塊と接触部の間（すなわち蒸気塊の底部）には、有限厚さの液膜（一般に、マクロ液膜と呼ばれる）が存在する。このような高熱流束条件下においては、蒸気塊がマクロ液膜上に滞留している間に蒸気塊底部のマクロ液膜が蒸発消耗し尽くすときにバーンアウトが発生する。このときの熱流束が「限界熱流束」と呼ばれる。多孔質体の厚さは、上述の通り毛管力による液体供給の限界メカニズム（毛管限界メカニズム）から薄いほうがよいが、薄過ぎてマクロ液膜の厚さと同程度であると、第１多孔質体の接触部近傍で液枯れが生じやすく、限界熱流束が小さくなる。 When the liquid evaporates in the working fluid supply section, the porous body supplies the working fluid to the contact section by capillary action, but considering the limit mechanism of liquid supply by capillary force, the length of the capillary (ie As the thickness of the porous body is smaller, the limit, that is, the “limit heat flux” can be increased. On the other hand, FIG. 3 shows a state in which the vapor mass is formed on the contact portion under the high heat flux condition, but the volume of the vapor mass increases with time and eventually cuts off from the contact portion. If the vapor mass and the vicinity of the contact portion are described in more detail, a liquid film having a finite thickness (generally called a macro liquid film) exists between the vapor mass and the contact portion (that is, the bottom of the vapor mass). . Under such a high heat flux condition, burnout occurs when the macro liquid film at the bottom of the vapor mass is exhausted and exhausted while the vapor mass remains on the macro liquid film. The heat flux at this time is called “limit heat flux”. As described above, the thickness of the porous body is preferably thinner from the limit mechanism of liquid supply by capillary force (capillary limit mechanism). However, if the thickness is too thin and the same as the thickness of the macro liquid film, the first porous body Liquid drainage tends to occur near the contact portion, and the critical heat flux becomes small.
　このように、発熱体との接触部に設ける多孔質体の厚さは、毛管限界メカニズムの観点からは薄いほうがよいが、マクロ液膜の厚さより薄いと多孔質体内部で液枯れが生じやすく、限界熱流束が小さくなるという問題がある。そこで、本発明では、発熱体との接触部に設ける多孔質体の上に（作動流体側に）、作動流体を多孔質体に導く作動流体導入部を備えた作動流体導入体を設けている。このような構成によれば、多孔質体とその上方の蒸気塊との間に、作動流体を多孔質体に向かって潤沢に供給し且つ作動流体を多孔質体の上方で保持する作動流体導入体が存在するため、多孔質体の厚さを薄くしても、液枯れの発生が抑制され、限界熱流束が小さくなることを防ぐことができる。また、作動流体導入体の液供給量は多いほど好ましいため、作動流体導入体の厚みも大きくするのが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、多孔質体の厚さを１００μｍ程度と薄くする場合、作動流体導入体の厚さは１ｍｍ以上程度とするのが好ましい。 As described above, the thickness of the porous body provided in the contact portion with the heating element is preferably thin from the viewpoint of the capillary limit mechanism, but if it is thinner than the macro liquid film thickness, the liquid body is liable to wither inside the porous body. There is a problem that the critical heat flux becomes small. Therefore, in the present invention, a working fluid introduction body including a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body is provided on the porous body provided on the contact portion with the heating element (on the working fluid side). . According to such a configuration, the working fluid is introduced between the porous body and the vapor mass above the porous body so as to supply the working fluid to the porous body and hold the working fluid above the porous body. Since the body exists, even if the thickness of the porous body is reduced, the occurrence of liquid withering is suppressed, and the critical heat flux can be prevented from being reduced. Further, since the larger the amount of liquid supplied to the working fluid introduction body, the better. Therefore, it is preferable to increase the thickness of the working fluid introduction body. Specifically, for example, when the thickness of the porous body is reduced to about 100 μm, the thickness of the working fluid introduction body is preferably about 1 mm or more.
　なお、図５には多孔質体が円形であり、蒸気排出部が格子状である形態を示したが、このような形態に限定する意図はない。蒸気排出部は、例えばハニカム状としてもよい。また図５には作動流体供給部及び蒸気排出部が下方の接触部及び上方の作動流体導入体側に直交するように図示してあるが、作動流体供給部及び蒸気排出部は、接触部に接する面と作動流体導入体に接する面との間の経路をそれぞれ与えるものであれば、直交せずに、例えば、湾曲した経路や折れ曲がった経路となるように構成されていてもよい。また、本実施形態では、上述のように、各多孔質体が有する矩形状の孔が蒸気排出部として機能するが、当該孔の形状は特に限定されず、その他の多角形状、円形状、楕円形状等であってもよい。また、当該孔は各多孔質体が元々備えている孔であってもよいし、各多孔質体に形成した孔であってもよい。 In addition, although the porous body was circular in FIG. 5 and the vapor | steam discharge part showed the form of a grid | lattice form, it does not intend to limit to such a form. The steam discharge part may be formed in a honeycomb shape, for example. Further, in FIG. 5, the working fluid supply unit and the vapor discharge unit are illustrated so as to be orthogonal to the lower contact unit and the upper working fluid introduction body side, but the working fluid supply unit and the vapor discharge unit are in contact with the contact unit. As long as the path between the surface and the surface in contact with the working fluid introduction body is respectively provided, the path may be configured to be, for example, a curved path or a bent path without being orthogonal. Further, in the present embodiment, as described above, the rectangular holes of each porous body function as a vapor discharge part, but the shape of the holes is not particularly limited, and other polygonal shapes, circular shapes, oval shapes It may be a shape or the like. Further, the holes may be holes originally provided in each porous body, or may be holes formed in each porous body.
　また、多孔質体の形態は特に限定されず、例えば、多孔質体が多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されていてもよい。また、多孔質体が多孔質層で構成されていてもよい。 Further, the form of the porous body is not particularly limited, and for example, the porous body may be composed of an aggregate of porous particles. The porous body may be composed of a porous layer.
　作動流体導入体は、それぞれ高さ方向に貫通する複数の孔を有し、複数の孔が作動流体導入部を構成してもよい。また、作動流体導入体の作動流体導入部を構成する複数の孔は、断面が円形状又は多角形状であってもよい。このような構成の作動流体導入体の例を挙げる。図７は種々の形態の作動流体導入体の外観写真である。図７（Ａ）は、断面が正六角形状に形成された貫通孔を複数有する作動流体導入体の外観写真である。図７（Ｂ）は、断面が真円状に形成された貫通孔を複数有する作動流体導入体の外観写真である。図７（Ｃ）は、断面が正四角形状に形成された貫通孔を複数有する作動流体導入体の外観写真である。図７（Ｄ）は、断面が正三角形状に形成された貫通孔を複数有する作動流体導入体の外観写真である。作動流体導入体の複数の貫通孔の断面形状はこれらに限定されず、楕円形状、五角形状、七角形状及びそれ以上の多角形状等に形成されていてもよい。 The working fluid introduction body may have a plurality of holes penetrating in the height direction, and the plurality of holes may constitute the working fluid introduction section. The plurality of holes constituting the working fluid introduction part of the working fluid introduction body may have a circular or polygonal cross section. An example of the working fluid introduction body having such a configuration will be given. FIG. 7 is external appearance photographs of various types of working fluid introduction bodies. FIG. 7A is an external view photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through holes each having a regular hexagonal cross section. FIG. 7B is an external view photograph of the working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through-holes whose cross section is formed into a perfect circle. FIG. 7C is an external view photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through holes each having a cross section formed in a regular square shape. FIG. 7D is an external view photograph of a working fluid introduction body having a plurality of through holes each having a cross section formed in a regular triangle shape. The cross-sectional shapes of the plurality of through holes of the working fluid introduction body are not limited to these, and may be formed in an elliptical shape, a pentagonal shape, a heptagonal shape, a polygonal shape having more than that, or the like.
　作動流体導入体を構成する材料は、孔質材であってもよく、非孔質材であってもよい。作動流体導入体を構成する材料としては、ステンレス、テフロン（登録商標）等の金属や樹脂等を用いて形成することができる。特に、作動流体導入体を金属で形成することで、作動流体導入体の濡れ性が向上し、親水性が良好となるため、作動流体をより多く取り込んで伝熱面へ供給することが可能となる。 The material constituting the working fluid introduction body may be a porous material or a non-porous material. As a material constituting the working fluid introduction body, it can be formed using a metal such as stainless steel or Teflon (registered trademark), a resin, or the like. In particular, by forming the working fluid introduction body with metal, the wettability of the working fluid introduction body is improved and the hydrophilicity is improved, so that it is possible to take in more working fluid and supply it to the heat transfer surface. Become.
　作動流体導入体は、貫通孔における孔の大きさ（水力直径）を適切に設定することで、作動流体を多孔質体の上部に供給することができる。ここで、水力直径：Ｄｅは、Ｄｅ＝４×（貫通孔断面積／貫通孔断面の全周長）で示される。当該適切な孔の大きさ（水力直径）は、具体的には、テーラ不安定波長の半分、すなわち、（２π（σ／ｇ（ρＬ－ρＧ））0.5）／２〔式中、σは表面張力を示し、ｇは重力加速度を示し、ρは作動流体の密度を示し、Ｌは液相を示し、Ｇは気相を示す。〕である。作動流体導入体は、伝熱面に単独で載せるより、本発明のように伝熱面との間に多孔質体を設ける構成とすることで、より冷却器の限界熱流束が向上する。また、作動流体導入体の貫通孔における孔の大きさ（水力直径）は、発熱体側に設けられた多孔質体の孔の大きさに対して、５～４０倍に設定することで、より蒸気の排出効率が良好となり、冷却効果が向上する。 The working fluid introduction body can supply the working fluid to the upper part of the porous body by appropriately setting the size (hydraulic diameter) of the through hole. Here, hydraulic diameter: De is represented by De = 4 × (through hole cross-sectional area / total perimeter of through-hole cross section). The appropriate pore size (hydraulic diameter) is specifically half of the Taylor instability wavelength, ie, (2π (σ / g (ρL−ρG)) 0.5 ) / 2 [where σ is the surface T is the tension, g is the acceleration of gravity, ρ is the working fluid density, L is the liquid phase, and G is the gas phase. ]. Rather than placing the working fluid introduction body alone on the heat transfer surface, the limiting heat flux of the cooler is further improved by providing the porous body between the heat transfer surface as in the present invention. Further, the size of the hole (hydraulic diameter) in the through hole of the working fluid introduction body is set to 5 to 40 times the size of the hole of the porous body provided on the heating element side, so that the steam The discharge efficiency is improved and the cooling effect is improved.
　冷却部材の作動流体導入体と多孔質体との間に隙間領域が設けられているのが好ましい。このような構成によれば、蒸気泡が離脱するとその部分が負圧になるため隣接する流路から液体が供給されるという効果が得られる。当該隙間領域は、作動流体導入体と多孔質体とを完全に離間させて連続的に設けてもよく、部分的に離間させて非連続的に設けてもよい。当該隙間領域の構成としては、特に限定されないが、完全に離間させて連続的な隙間領域を設ける場合は、ワイヤー等の所定の手段によって作動流体導入体を多孔質体から離間させた状態で固定する構成としてもよい。また、作動流体導入体を多孔質体から部分的に離間させて当該隙間領域を非連続的に設ける場合は、作動流体導入体の多孔質体と接触する側の末端に、部分的な欠損部を形成する構成としてもよい。また、当該隙間領域の高さは０．１ｍｍ～１ｍｍとするのが好ましい。 It is preferable that a gap region is provided between the working fluid introduction body of the cooling member and the porous body. According to such a configuration, when the vapor bubbles are released, the portion becomes negative pressure, so that an effect that the liquid is supplied from the adjacent flow path can be obtained. The gap region may be provided continuously with the working fluid introduction body and the porous body completely separated from each other, or may be provided discontinuously with partial separation. The configuration of the gap region is not particularly limited, but when a continuous gap region is provided by being completely separated, the working fluid introduction body is fixed in a state of being separated from the porous body by a predetermined means such as a wire. It is good also as composition to do. Further, when the working fluid introduction body is partially separated from the porous body and the gap region is provided discontinuously, a partial defect portion is formed at the end of the working fluid introduction body on the side in contact with the porous body. It is good also as a structure which forms. Further, the height of the gap region is preferably 0.1 mm to 1 mm.
　さらに、冷却部材の多孔質体と、発熱体との接触部に隙間領域が形成されているのが好ましい。多孔質体の作動流体供給部の底面で生じた蒸気は、作動流体供給部の底面に沿って進むことで蒸気排出部へ出て、蒸気排出部から上方へ向かって排出される。ここで、冷却部材の多孔質体と、発熱体との接触部に隙間領域が形成されていると、当該隙間領域が多孔質体の底面で生じた蒸気の通路となり、蒸気の排出が促進され、限界熱流束が向上する。当該隙間領域は、接触部表面をあえて粗面に加工してもよいが、蒸気の排出に必要な隙間領域はごく僅かであるため、単に多孔質体を接触部に接触させるだけで、はじめから有する接触部の表面の粗さで十分な隙間領域が形成される。なお、隙間領域が無くなるため蒸気の排出性は下がるが、多孔質体は接着剤で接触部に固定してあってもよい。 Furthermore, it is preferable that a gap region is formed at the contact portion between the porous body of the cooling member and the heating element. The vapor generated at the bottom surface of the working fluid supply unit of the porous body travels along the bottom surface of the working fluid supply unit, and then exits to the vapor discharge unit and is discharged upward from the vapor discharge unit. Here, when a gap region is formed at the contact portion between the porous body of the cooling member and the heating element, the gap region becomes a passage for the vapor generated at the bottom surface of the porous body, and the discharge of the vapor is promoted. The critical heat flux is improved. The gap area may be processed to be rough on the surface of the contact part, but since the gap area necessary for the discharge of the vapor is very small, simply contacting the porous body with the contact part from the beginning. A sufficient gap region is formed by the roughness of the surface of the contact portion. In addition, since the gap | emission area | region disappears, the vapor | steam discharge | emission property falls, but the porous body may be fixed to the contact part with the adhesive agent.
　また、本発明の別の態様としては、発熱体全体を作動流体中に浸漬する、または発熱体の一部を作動流体の液面から一部浸漬して冷却を行うこともできる。この場合には、発熱体は浮遊した状態、容器底面に載置された状態など場合により種々の形態をとるが、要は作動流体に浸漬されている部分に多孔質体と作動流体導入体とを備えた積層構造を有する冷却部材を取り付けることにより、前記例と同様にして冷却を行うことができる。 Further, as another aspect of the present invention, the entire heating element can be immersed in the working fluid, or a part of the heating element can be partially immersed from the liquid level of the working fluid for cooling. In this case, the heating element takes various forms depending on cases such as a floating state, a state where it is placed on the bottom surface of the container, and the important point is that the porous body and the working fluid introduction body are placed in the portion immersed in the working fluid. By attaching a cooling member having a laminated structure including the above, cooling can be performed in the same manner as in the above example.
　本発明によれば、多孔質体の作動流体供給部と接触部で蒸気が発生すると毛細管現象により強制的に液体が接触部に供給されるので、水等の作動流体を収容する容器（水槽）は、プール沸騰冷却方式とする場合には水の流路等を設ける必要が無く、単なる水溜を用いることができ、さらにはポンプが不要となり、簡易な構造とすることができ、設置コストやランニングコストが安価となる。また、本発明では発熱体との接触部に設ける多孔質体の上に（作動流体側に）、作動流体を多孔質体に導く作動流体導入部を備える作動流体導入体を設けている。このような構成により、多孔質体とその上方の蒸気塊との間に、作動流体を多孔質体に向かって潤沢に液体を供給し且つ作動流体を保持する作動流体導入体が存在するため、多孔質体の厚さを薄くしても、液枯れの発生が抑制され、限界熱流束が小さくなることを防ぐことができる。なお、設置コスト、ランニングコストはプール沸騰冷却方式に比してかかるが、流路を設け、ポンプで作動流体を循環させる強制流動沸騰冷却の場合にも、同様な方法で限界熱流束の低下を防ぐことができる。 According to the present invention, when steam is generated in the working fluid supply section and the contact section of the porous body, the liquid is forcibly supplied to the contact section by capillary action, so that the container (water tank) for storing the working fluid such as water In the case of a pool boiling cooling system, there is no need to provide a water flow path or the like, a simple water reservoir can be used, and a pump is not required, so that the structure can be simplified, installation cost and running Cost is low. In the present invention, a working fluid introduction body including a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body is provided on the porous body provided on the contact portion with the heating element (on the working fluid side). With such a configuration, there is a working fluid introduction body that supplies a working fluid to the porous body and holds the working fluid between the porous body and the vapor mass above the porous body. Even if the thickness of the porous body is reduced, the occurrence of liquid withering is suppressed, and the critical heat flux can be prevented from becoming smaller. The installation cost and running cost are higher than those of the pool boiling cooling method. However, in the case of forced flow boiling cooling in which a flow path is provided and the working fluid is circulated by a pump, the critical heat flux is reduced by the same method. Can be prevented.
　（実施形態２）
　図８は、実施形態２に係るプール沸騰方式による冷却器を示している。冷却器は、作動流体を収容する容器と、容器内において、作動流体と接するように且つ発熱体に対向して接するように設けられた冷却部材とを備える。冷却部材は、発熱体側に設けられた第１及び第２の多孔質体と、作動流体側に設けられた作動流体導入体とを備えた積層構造に構成されている。 (Embodiment 2)
FIG. 8 shows a cooler using a pool boiling method according to the second embodiment. The cooler includes a container for storing the working fluid, and a cooling member provided in the container so as to be in contact with the working fluid and to be in contact with the heating element. The cooling member is configured in a laminated structure including first and second porous bodies provided on the heating element side and a working fluid introduction body provided on the working fluid side.
　図９は、本実施形態に係る冷却部材を接触部に設けた状態における断面図である。図１０は第１及び第２の多孔質体の平面図である。第１の多孔質体は、図１０（Ａ）に示したように、第１の作動流体供給部と第１の蒸気排出部とを備える。第１の作動流体供給部は、毛細管現象により発熱体との接触部に作動流体を供給する。第１の蒸気排出部は、発熱体からの熱により発生した蒸気を、接触部から第２の多孔質体側へ排出する。本実施形態では、第１の多孔質体は多孔質層で構成されており、例えば、多数の矩形状の孔を有するメッシュ構造を有し、矩形状の孔の周囲の格子状の多孔質層部分が毛細管現象により接触部に作動流体を供給する第１の作動流体供給部として機能し、矩形状の孔が接触部で発生した蒸気を第２の多孔質体側へ排出する第１の蒸気排出部として機能する。このように作動流体の供給と蒸気の排出を別個の経路を用いて行うことにより、図３を参照して説明したように、蒸気が接触部を覆ってしまい限界熱流束が制限されるという問題の発生を抑制することができる。また第２の多孔質体は、図１０（Ｂ）に示すように、第１の多孔質体と同様に、多孔質層で構成されており、例えば、多数の矩形状の孔を有するメッシュ構造を有し、矩形状の孔の周囲の格子状の多孔質層部分が第１の多孔質体に作動流体を供給する第２の作動流体供給部として機能し、矩形状の孔が第１の多孔質体から排出された蒸気を作動流体導入体側へ排出する第２の蒸気排出部として機能する。そして、第２の多孔質体は、第１の多孔質体に比べて作動流体の透過率が大きく、作動流体を保持する機能を有し、第２の多孔質体上部で合体気泡が滞留する間にも、速やかに第１の多孔質体への作動流体の供給が行われるように機能する。 FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view in a state where the cooling member according to the present embodiment is provided in the contact portion. FIG. 10 is a plan view of the first and second porous bodies. As shown in FIG. 10A, the first porous body includes a first working fluid supply unit and a first vapor discharge unit. The first working fluid supply unit supplies the working fluid to the contact portion with the heating element by capillary action. The first steam discharge unit discharges the steam generated by the heat from the heating element from the contact portion to the second porous body side. In the present embodiment, the first porous body is composed of a porous layer, and has, for example, a mesh structure having a large number of rectangular holes, and a lattice-like porous layer around the rectangular holes. The first vapor discharge in which the portion functions as a first working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to the contact portion by capillary action, and the rectangular hole discharges the steam generated at the contact portion to the second porous body side It functions as a part. As described above with reference to FIG. 3, the supply of the working fluid and the discharge of the steam are performed using separate paths in this manner, so that the steam covers the contact portion and the limit heat flux is limited. Can be suppressed. Further, as shown in FIG. 10B, the second porous body is composed of a porous layer as in the case of the first porous body, for example, a mesh structure having a number of rectangular holes. The lattice-shaped porous layer portion around the rectangular hole functions as a second working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to the first porous body, and the rectangular hole is the first hole. It functions as a second steam discharge section for discharging the steam discharged from the porous body to the working fluid introduction body side. The second porous body has a larger working fluid permeability than the first porous body, has a function of holding the working fluid, and coalesced bubbles stay in the upper portion of the second porous body. In the meantime, it functions so that the working fluid is quickly supplied to the first porous body.
　第２の多孔質体は、多孔質体が有する孔半径を第１の多孔質体の孔半径より大きくして作動流体を通しやすくすることで、第１の多孔質体の透過率よりも作動流体の透過率を大きくすることができる。ここで、多孔質体が有する孔半径は、各多孔質体が元々備えている孔の半径であってもよいし、各多孔質体に形成した孔の半径であってもよい。ここで、多孔質体の孔の形状は、多角形状、円形状、楕円形状等、種々の形状とすることが可能であるが、本発明の「孔半径」は、そのような種々の孔形状における外接円の半径を示す。さらに、第２の多孔質体は、多孔質体の空隙率を第１の多孔質体の空隙率より大きくして作動流体を通しやすくすることで、第１の多孔質体の透過率よりも作動流体の透過率を大きくすることができる。多孔質体の空隙率は、例えば、多孔質体の製造工程において金属粉末と混合させるバインダーの粒径・量などを調整することによって大きくすることができる。 The second porous body operates more than the permeability of the first porous body by making the pore radius of the porous body larger than the pore radius of the first porous body to facilitate the passage of the working fluid. The fluid permeability can be increased. Here, the pore radius of the porous body may be a radius of a hole originally provided in each porous body, or may be a radius of a hole formed in each porous body. Here, the shape of the pores of the porous body can be various shapes such as a polygonal shape, a circular shape, and an elliptical shape. The radius of the circumscribed circle at. Furthermore, the second porous body has a porosity of the porous body larger than that of the first porous body to facilitate the passage of the working fluid, so that the permeability of the first porous body is higher than that of the first porous body. The permeability of the working fluid can be increased. The porosity of the porous body can be increased, for example, by adjusting the particle size / amount of the binder to be mixed with the metal powder in the manufacturing process of the porous body.
　第１の多孔質体の形状としては、多孔質体の接触部への接触面積が大きくなるため接触部で発生した蒸気を水中へ逃がすための孔の大きさは小さいほうがよく、例えば、孔半径１００～２０００μｍとすることができる。また、多孔質底部を通過する場合の圧力損失を小さくできるため、接触部で発生した蒸気を水中へ逃がすための孔と孔の間隔は小さい方がよく、例えば、１００～１０００μｍとすることができる。 As the shape of the first porous body, since the contact area of the porous body with the contact portion is large, the size of the hole for releasing the steam generated at the contact portion into water is preferably small. The thickness can be 100 to 2000 μm. In addition, since the pressure loss when passing through the porous bottom can be reduced, the gap between the holes for releasing the steam generated at the contact portion into the water is preferably small, and can be, for example, 100 to 1000 μm. .
　第１の多孔質体における第１の作動流体供給部を構成する多孔質は、たとえばコーディライト等のセラミックスまたは焼結金属とすることができる。特に酸化物等の濡れ性の良い多孔質体、または、プラズマ照射等の濡れ性が向上する加工が施された多孔質体で構成されるのが望ましい。 The porous material constituting the first working fluid supply unit in the first porous body may be ceramics such as cordierite or a sintered metal, for example. In particular, it is desirable to be composed of a porous body with good wettability such as oxide or a porous body that has been processed to improve wettability such as plasma irradiation.
　第１の多孔質体は、第１の作動流体供給部において、液体の蒸発が起これば毛細管現象により接触部に作動流体を供給するが、毛管力による液体供給の限界メカニズムを考慮すれば、毛細管の長さ（すなわち、第１の多孔質体の厚さ）は薄いほうがよりその限界、すなわち「限界熱流束」を高くすることができる。一方、図３において、高熱流束条件下の接触部上で蒸気塊が形成される様子を示したが、その蒸気塊の体積は時間と共に増大し、やがて接触部から切断離脱する。この蒸気塊と接触部近傍をより詳細に説明すれば、蒸気塊と接触部の間（すなわち蒸気塊の底部）には、有限厚さの液膜（一般に、マクロ液膜と呼ばれる）が存在する。このような高熱流束条件下においては、蒸気塊がマクロ液膜上に滞留している間に蒸気塊底部のマクロ液膜が蒸発消耗し尽くすときにバーンアウトが発生する。このときの熱流束が「限界熱流束」と呼ばれる。第１の多孔質体の厚さは、上述の通り毛管力による液体供給の限界メカニズム（毛管限界メカニズム）から薄いほうがよいが、薄過ぎてマクロ液膜の厚さと同程度であると、第１多孔質体の接触部近傍で液枯れが生じやすく、限界熱流束が小さくなる。 The first porous body supplies the working fluid to the contact portion by capillary action when the liquid evaporates in the first working fluid supply portion, but considering the limit mechanism of liquid supply by capillary force, As the capillary length (ie, the thickness of the first porous body) is thinner, the limit, that is, the “critical heat flux” can be increased. On the other hand, FIG. 3 shows a state in which the vapor mass is formed on the contact portion under the high heat flux condition, but the volume of the vapor mass increases with time and eventually cuts off from the contact portion. If the vapor mass and the vicinity of the contact portion are described in more detail, a liquid film having a finite thickness (generally called a macro liquid film) exists between the vapor mass and the contact portion (that is, the bottom of the vapor mass). . Under such a high heat flux condition, burnout occurs when the macro liquid film at the bottom of the vapor mass is exhausted and exhausted while the vapor mass remains on the macro liquid film. The heat flux at this time is called “limit heat flux”. As described above, the thickness of the first porous body is preferably thinner from the limit mechanism of liquid supply by capillary force (capillary limit mechanism), but if the thickness is too thin and is approximately the same as the thickness of the macro liquid film, Liquid withering tends to occur near the contact portion of the porous body, and the critical heat flux becomes small.
　このように、発熱体との接触部に設ける多孔質体の厚さは、毛管限界メカニズムの観点からは薄いほうがよいが、マクロ液膜の厚さより薄いと多孔質体内部で液枯れが生じやすく、限界熱流束が小さくなるという問題がある。そこで、本発明では、発熱体との接触部に設ける多孔質体を第１の多孔質体とし、その上に（作動流体側に）、第１の多孔質体よりも作動流体の透過率が大きい第２の多孔質体を設けている。このような構成によれば、第１の多孔質体とその上方の蒸気塊との間に、作動流体を第１の多孔質体に向かって潤沢に液体を供給する第２の多孔質体が存在するため、第１の多孔質体の厚さを薄くしても、液枯れの発生が抑制され、限界熱流束が小さくなることを防ぐことができる。また、第２の多孔質体の液供給量は多いほど好ましいため、第２の多孔質体の厚みも大きくするのが好ましい。具体的には、例えば、第１の多孔質体の厚さを１００μｍ程度と薄くする場合、第２の多孔質体の厚さは１～２ｍｍ以上程度とするのが好ましい。 As described above, the thickness of the porous body provided in the contact portion with the heating element is preferably thin from the viewpoint of the capillary limit mechanism, but if it is thinner than the macro liquid film thickness, the liquid body is liable to wither inside the porous body. There is a problem that the critical heat flux becomes small. Therefore, in the present invention, the porous body provided at the contact portion with the heating element is the first porous body, and the permeability of the working fluid is higher than that of the first porous body (on the working fluid side). A large second porous body is provided. According to such a configuration, the second porous body that supplies the working fluid to the first porous body in an abundant manner between the first porous body and the vapor mass above the first porous body. Therefore, even if the thickness of the first porous body is reduced, the occurrence of liquid withering is suppressed, and the critical heat flux can be prevented from being reduced. Moreover, since it is so preferable that there are many liquid supply amounts of a 2nd porous body, it is preferable to also enlarge the thickness of a 2nd porous body. Specifically, for example, when the thickness of the first porous body is reduced to about 100 μm, the thickness of the second porous body is preferably about 1 to 2 mm or more.
　第２の多孔質体は、コーディライト等のセラミックスで形成してもよいが、特に加工性や強度の点から金属で形成するのが好ましい。特に酸化物等の濡れ性の良い多孔質体、または、プラズマ照射等の濡れ性が向上する加工が施された多孔質体で構成されるのが望ましい。 The second porous body may be formed of ceramics such as cordierite, but is preferably formed of metal from the viewpoint of workability and strength. In particular, it is desirable to be composed of a porous body with good wettability such as oxide or a porous body that has been processed to improve wettability such as plasma irradiation.
　なお、図１０には第１の多孔質体及び第２の多孔質体がいずれもが円形であり、第１及び第２の蒸気排出部がいずれも格子状である形態を示したが、このような形態に限定する意図はない。第１及び第２の蒸気排出部は、例えばハニカム状としてもよい。また図１０には第１及び第２の作動流体供給部及び蒸気排出部が下方の接触部及び上方の作動流体導入体側に直交するように図示してあるが、第１及び第２の作動流体供給部及び蒸気排出部は、接触部に接する面と作動流体導入体に接する面との間の経路をそれぞれ与えるものであれば、直交せずに、例えば、湾曲した経路や折れ曲がった経路となるように構成されていてもよい。また、本実施形態では、上述のように、各多孔質体が有する矩形状の孔が蒸気排出部として機能するが、当該孔の形状は特に限定されず、その他の多角形状、円形状、楕円形状等であってもよい。また、当該孔は各多孔質体が元々備えている孔であってもよいし、各多孔質体に形成した孔であってもよい。 FIG. 10 shows a form in which the first porous body and the second porous body are both circular, and the first and second vapor discharge portions are both in a lattice shape. There is no intention to limit to such a form. The first and second vapor discharge portions may be formed in a honeycomb shape, for example. FIG. 10 shows the first and second working fluid supply sections and the steam discharge section so as to be orthogonal to the lower contact section and the upper working fluid introduction body side. If a supply part and a vapor | steam discharge part respectively provide the path | route between the surface which contact | connects a contact part, and the surface which contact | connects a working fluid introduction body, it will become a curved path | route or a bent path | route, for example, without orthogonally crossing It may be configured as follows. Further, in the present embodiment, as described above, the rectangular holes of each porous body function as a vapor discharge part, but the shape of the holes is not particularly limited, and other polygonal shapes, circular shapes, oval shapes It may be a shape or the like. Further, the holes may be holes originally provided in each porous body, or may be holes formed in each porous body.
　また、第１の多孔質体と第２の多孔質体との形態は特に限定されず、例えば、第１の多孔質体及び第２の多孔質体が、いずれも多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されていてもよい。また、第１の多孔質体及び第２の多孔質体が、いずれも多孔質層で構成されていてもよい。さらに、第１の多孔質体及び第２の多孔質体のいずれか一方が多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されており、他方が多孔質層で構成されていてもよい。第１の多孔質体、第２の多孔質体が、多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されている場合、例えば複数の多孔質粒子間の隙間が蒸気排出部としての機能を有し、当該隙間の周囲の部材が作動流体供給部として機能する構成とすることができる。 In addition, the form of the first porous body and the second porous body is not particularly limited. For example, the first porous body and the second porous body are both aggregates of porous particles. It may be configured. Moreover, both the 1st porous body and the 2nd porous body may be comprised by the porous layer. Furthermore, one of the first porous body and the second porous body may be composed of an aggregate of porous particles, and the other may be composed of a porous layer. In the case where the first porous body and the second porous body are composed of an aggregate of porous particles, for example, a gap between a plurality of porous particles has a function as a vapor discharge portion, and the gap It is possible to adopt a configuration in which the members around are functioning as a working fluid supply unit.
　また、冷却部材の多孔質体は、第１の多孔質体と、第２の多孔質体とで構成されたものに限定されず、第２の多孔質体の作動流体側にさらに第３の多孔質体を設けて、全体で３層としてもよい。この場合、第３の多孔質体は、作動流体を第２の多孔質体に供給する作動流体供給部と、第２の多孔質体から排出された蒸気を作動流体導入体側へ排出する蒸気排出部とを備えている。同様に、多孔質体は、第２の多孔質体の作動流体側に複数の多孔質体を積層させて全体で４層以上の構成としてもよい。 Further, the porous body of the cooling member is not limited to the one constituted by the first porous body and the second porous body, and the third porous body is further provided on the working fluid side of the second porous body. A porous body may be provided to form a total of three layers. In this case, the third porous body includes a working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to the second porous body, and a steam discharge that discharges the steam discharged from the second porous body to the working fluid introduction body side. Department. Similarly, the porous body may be configured to have a total of four or more layers by laminating a plurality of porous bodies on the working fluid side of the second porous body.
　（実施形態３）
　図１１に、実施形態３に係る軽水炉の原子炉圧力容器底部の冷却器の模式図を示す。原子炉の側方から周方向に原子炉を囲むように支持リングが取り付けられ、支持リングに支持されたハニカム装着ネット（金属メッシュ）が取り付けられている。ハニカム装着ネットは、金属製でなくてもよく、耐熱樹脂で形成してもよい。原子炉圧力容器底部の冷却器の取り付け方法としては、まず、ハニカム状の多孔質体及び作動流体導入体の積層構造を有する冷却部材を、原子炉圧力容器底部を覆うように設け、仮止めする。次に、支持リングからハニカム装着ネットを下ろして原子炉圧力容器底部を覆った後に、支持リング近傍でハニカム装着ネットを引き寄せてハニカム装着ネットを原子炉圧力容器底部に接触させる。こうすることで、簡便に原子炉圧力容器底部に冷却器を取り付けることができる。冷却部材は、上記ハニカム装着ネットによって下から保持される構造となっている。ハニカム装着ネットはメッシュでなくてもよく、施工がより簡便であるため複数のテープを用いて形成してもよい。また、原子炉圧力容器底部の最深部を含む一部が水を収容した容器内に浸漬されている。冷却部材の多孔質体及び作動流体導入体は、実施形態１で述べたものと同様の構造を有しており、良好な限界熱流束を実現し、原子炉圧力容器底部のメルトスルーを防止するために必要な２０００ｋＷ／ｍ2程度、さらにはそれを超えて２５００ｋＷ／ｍ2程度以上の限界熱流束を実現できる。このように、本発明に係る冷却器は、特に原子炉事故時の原子炉圧力容器の底部の冷却に好適である。また、図１１では、冷却部材を原子炉圧力容器底部の一部を覆っているが、原子炉圧力容器底部の、水を収容した容器内に浸漬された部分の全てを覆うように設けてもよい。 (Embodiment 3)
In FIG. 11, the schematic diagram of the cooler of the reactor pressure vessel bottom part of the light water reactor which concerns on Embodiment 3 is shown. A support ring is attached so as to surround the reactor in the circumferential direction from the side of the reactor, and a honeycomb mounting net (metal mesh) supported by the support ring is attached. The honeycomb mounting net may not be made of metal but may be formed of a heat resistant resin. As a method of attaching the cooler at the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel, first, a cooling member having a laminated structure of a honeycomb-like porous body and a working fluid introduction body is provided so as to cover the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel and temporarily fixed. . Next, after the honeycomb mounting net is lowered from the support ring to cover the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel, the honeycomb mounting net is pulled near the support ring to bring the honeycomb mounting net into contact with the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel. By doing so, a cooler can be easily attached to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel. The cooling member is structured to be held from below by the honeycomb mounting net. The honeycomb mounting net may not be a mesh, and may be formed using a plurality of tapes because the construction is simpler. Moreover, a part including the deepest part of the reactor pressure vessel bottom is immersed in a vessel containing water. The porous body of the cooling member and the working fluid introduction body have the same structure as that described in the first embodiment, realize a good critical heat flux, and prevent melt-through at the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel. Therefore, it is possible to realize a critical heat flux of about 2000 kW / m 2 which is necessary for this purpose, and about 2500 kW / m 2 or more beyond that. Thus, the cooler according to the present invention is particularly suitable for cooling the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel in the event of a reactor accident. In FIG. 11, the cooling member covers a part of the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel. However, the cooling member may be provided so as to cover all of the portion immersed in the vessel containing water at the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel. Good.
　実施形態３の原子炉圧力容器底部を覆うようにハニカム状の多孔質体及び作動流体導入体を備えた冷却部材は、ハニカム装着ネットを用いないで支持されてもよい。例えば、図１２に示すように、作動流体導入体を金属で形成し、その端部を発熱体である原子炉圧力容器底部に溶接により固定することで、多孔質体及び作動流体導入体が支持されてもよい。溶接は、作業が容易であって十分な支持力が得られるため、スポット溶接であるのが好ましい。また、発熱体に放熱フィンが溶接されており、放熱フィンに作動流体導入体が溶接により固定されていてもよい。このような構成によれば、発熱体からの熱が放熱フィンから放出されることで、より良好に発熱体の冷却を行うことができる。 The cooling member provided with the honeycomb-shaped porous body and the working fluid introduction body so as to cover the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel according to the third embodiment may be supported without using the honeycomb mounting net. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, the porous body and the working fluid introduction body are supported by forming the working fluid introduction body from metal and fixing the end of the working fluid introduction body to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel, which is a heating element. May be. Welding is preferably spot welding because it is easy to work and provides sufficient support. Moreover, the radiation fin is welded to the heat generating body, and the working fluid introduction body may be fixed to the radiation fin by welding. According to such a configuration, the heat from the heat generating element is released from the heat radiation fin, so that the heat generating element can be cooled more favorably.
　また、多孔質体が第１及び第２の多孔質体で構成されている場合、図１３（Ａ）に示すように第１の多孔質体及び第２の多孔質体が、いずれも多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されていてもよい。また、図１３（Ｂ）に示すように第１の多孔質体及び第２の多孔質体が、いずれも多孔質層で構成されていてもよい。さらに、図１３（Ｃ）に示すように第１の多孔質体及び第２の多孔質体のいずれか一方が多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されており、他方が多孔質層で構成されていてもよい。図１３において、多孔質体が多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されている場合、多孔質粒子の集合体は、当該粒子が通り抜けられない程度の目の細かいメッシュ材で包まれている。当該メッシュ材としては、特に限定しないが、例えば、金属製、或いは耐熱樹脂製のハニカム装着ネット等で形成することができる。なお、図１３において、第２の多孔質体上に積層される作動流体導入体の図示は省略されている。 Further, when the porous body is composed of the first and second porous bodies, the first porous body and the second porous body are both porous as shown in FIG. You may be comprised with the aggregate | assembly of particle | grains. Moreover, as shown to FIG. 13 (B), both the 1st porous body and the 2nd porous body may be comprised with the porous layer. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 13C, one of the first porous body and the second porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles, and the other is composed of a porous layer. May be. In FIG. 13, when the porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles, the aggregate of porous particles is wrapped with a fine mesh material to such an extent that the particles cannot pass through. Although it does not specifically limit as the said mesh material, For example, it can form with the honeycomb mounting | wearing net | network made from metal or a heat resistant resin. In FIG. 13, the working fluid introduction body laminated on the second porous body is not shown.
　（実施形態４）
　図１４は、実施形態４に係る冷却装置を示している。冷却装置は、実施形態１に係る冷却器と、容器に接続されたコンデンサとを備える。コンデンサにおいて、蒸発した作動流体が液化されて、容器に戻る。冷却装置は、ポンプなどの外部動力源を必要とせず、装置全体としてのコンパクト性および省エネルギー性が優れている。図１５は、実施形態４に係る冷却装置の変形形態を示している。なお、図１４および１５の構成を実施形態３の冷却器とともに用いることもできる。 (Embodiment 4)
FIG. 14 shows a cooling device according to the fourth embodiment. The cooling device includes the cooler according to the first embodiment and a capacitor connected to the container. In the condenser, the evaporated working fluid is liquefied and returned to the container. The cooling device does not require an external power source such as a pump, and is excellent in compactness and energy saving as the entire device. FIG. 15 shows a modification of the cooling device according to the fourth embodiment. 14 and 15 can be used together with the cooler of the third embodiment.
　（実施形態５）
　本発明の冷却装置は、実施形態５として、冷却部材の多孔質体を構成する第１の多孔質体から第２の多孔質体までを、孔径が小さい多孔質体から、徐々に孔径が大きい多孔質体が段階的に積層されるように構成してもよい。また、このときバルクの液体に直接接する側の多孔質体の細孔径を水等の作動流体中に多く存在するゴミ等の微粒子の直径と異なるように、好ましくは大きく異なるように形成するのが好ましい。例えば、バルクの液体に直接接する側の多孔質体の細孔径を当該微粒子の直径より十分大きく、又は、十分小さく形成するのが好ましい。このような構成によれば、作動流体中に存在する微粒子が多孔質体内の深部にまで入り込んで発生する目詰まり現象を抑制する効果が期待でき、多孔質体による伝熱面への液体供給効果を長時間維持する効果が得られる。原理的には、例えば、孔径が小さい多孔質体から、徐々に孔径が大きい多孔質体が段階的に積層されるように構成され、且つ、多孔質体の最も外側の細孔径が、作動流体中のゴミの粒子径がより十分大きい又は十分小さいと、流入してきたゴミの粒子は、すぐに多孔質体内部の深部まで侵入せずに、多孔質体内に入ってすぐの部位に形成される澱み等の影響で、多孔質体の入口付近から溜まっていく。従って、多孔質体の最も外側の３００μｍの細孔から目詰まりすることとなり、微粒子が多孔質体内部の深部まで侵入して多孔質体内部にまで目詰まりを形成することが良好に抑制される。 (Embodiment 5)
As a fifth embodiment, the cooling device of the present invention gradually increases the pore diameter from the porous body having a small pore diameter from the first porous body to the second porous body constituting the porous body of the cooling member. You may comprise so that a porous body may be laminated | stacked in steps. Further, at this time, the porous body on the side in direct contact with the bulk liquid is preferably formed so that the pore diameter is different from the diameter of fine particles such as dust existing in a large amount of working fluid such as water. preferable. For example, it is preferable that the porous body on the side in direct contact with the bulk liquid has a pore diameter sufficiently larger or smaller than the diameter of the fine particles. According to such a configuration, it is possible to expect the effect of suppressing the clogging phenomenon that occurs when the fine particles existing in the working fluid enter deep inside the porous body, and the liquid supply effect to the heat transfer surface by the porous body Can be maintained for a long time. In principle, for example, a porous body having a large pore diameter is gradually laminated from a porous body having a small pore diameter, and the outermost pore diameter of the porous body is set to be a working fluid. If the particle size of the dust inside is sufficiently larger or smaller than that, the dust particles that have flowed in do not immediately penetrate into the deep part of the porous body, but are formed immediately after entering the porous body. It accumulates from the vicinity of the entrance of the porous body due to the influence of starch and the like. Therefore, clogging starts from the outermost 300 μm pores of the porous body, and fine particles can be prevented from entering the deep part inside the porous body and forming clogging into the porous body. .
　（実施形態６）
　図１６は、実施形態６に係る冷却装置を示している。図１６に示すように、第１の多孔質体が多孔質ナノ粒子の集合体で構成されており、第２の多孔質体がメッシュ構造を有する多孔質層で構成されていてもよい。図１６（Ａ）は多数の矩形状の孔を有するメッシュ構造の多孔質層で構成された第２の多孔質体の平面図であり、図１６（Ｂ）は、冷却部材を接触部に設けた状態における断面図である。第１の多孔質体は、平均粒径１０～５０ｎｍのナノ粒子の集合体で構成されている。ナノ粒子としては、例えば金属、合金、酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、炭素等を用いることができる。 (Embodiment 6)
FIG. 16 shows a cooling device according to the sixth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 16, the first porous body may be composed of an aggregate of porous nanoparticles, and the second porous body may be composed of a porous layer having a mesh structure. FIG. 16A is a plan view of a second porous body composed of a mesh-structured porous layer having a large number of rectangular holes, and FIG. 16B is a cooling member provided at the contact portion. FIG. The first porous body is composed of an aggregate of nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 10 to 50 nm. Examples of the nanoparticles that can be used include metals, alloys, oxides, nitrides, carbides, and carbon.
　実施形態６に係る冷却部材の設置方法としては、例えば、ナノ粒子を拡散させた水溶液を、第１の多孔質体を形成させたい位置である伝熱面上に所定の手段で設け、その状態を保ちながら伝熱面上で加熱により沸騰させる。このようにして多孔質ナノ粒子が沸騰する伝熱面上で析出して集合体を構成し、これが第１の多孔質体となる。次に、当該多孔質ナノ粒子の集合体上にメッシュ構造を有する多孔質層で構成した第２の多孔質体及び作動流体導入体をこの順で設ける。これにより、多孔質ナノ粒子の集合体で構成された第１の多孔質体と、メッシュ構造を有する多孔質層で構成された第２の多孔質体及び作動流体導入体とで構成された冷却部材を設けることができる。また、当該冷却部材を設ける方法としては、発熱体の表面に第２の多孔質体及び作動流体導入体を設けておき、続いて、発熱体の表面と第２の多孔質体との間に第１の多孔質体を設けてもよい。このような構成としては、例えば、作動流体中にナノ粒子を分散させておき、且つ、発熱体の作動液体に浸漬された部分の表面に、メッシュ構造を有する多孔質層で構成された第２の多孔質体及び作動流体導入体をこの順で設けておき、発熱体からの熱によって、作動流体中のナノ粒子が沸騰する発熱体の伝熱面上で析出して多孔質ナノ粒子の集合体を構成することで第１の多孔質体を発熱体と第２の多孔質体との間に形成することで、発熱体の作動液体に浸漬された部分の表面に冷却部材を装着する。具体的には、例えば、原子炉の圧力容器にハニカム多孔質体（第２の多孔質体）及び作動流体導入体を予め設けておき、事故発生時に作動流体にナノ粒子を供給して分散させる。続いて、圧力容器の作動流体側表面（伝熱面）でナノ粒子を含んだ作動流体が沸騰することで、伝熱面表面と第２の多孔質体との間に多孔質ナノ粒子の集合体で構成された第１の多孔質体が形成される。 As a method for installing the cooling member according to the sixth embodiment, for example, an aqueous solution in which nanoparticles are diffused is provided by a predetermined means on the heat transfer surface where the first porous body is to be formed, and the state While heating, boil by heating on the heat transfer surface. In this way, the porous nanoparticles are deposited on the boiling heat transfer surface to form an aggregate, which becomes the first porous body. Next, a second porous body composed of a porous layer having a mesh structure and a working fluid introduction body are provided in this order on the aggregate of the porous nanoparticles. Thereby, the cooling composed of the first porous body composed of the aggregate of the porous nanoparticles, the second porous body composed of the porous layer having the mesh structure, and the working fluid introduction body. A member can be provided. In addition, as a method of providing the cooling member, a second porous body and a working fluid introduction body are provided on the surface of the heating element, and then, between the surface of the heating element and the second porous body. A first porous body may be provided. As such a configuration, for example, the second is configured by a porous layer having a mesh structure on the surface of a part immersed in the working liquid of the heating element in which nanoparticles are dispersed in the working fluid. The porous body and the working fluid introduction body are provided in this order, and the nanoparticles in the working fluid are deposited on the heat transfer surface of the heating body by the heat from the heating body, and the porous nanoparticles are aggregated. By forming the body, the first porous body is formed between the heating element and the second porous body, so that the cooling member is mounted on the surface of the portion immersed in the working liquid of the heating element. Specifically, for example, a honeycomb porous body (second porous body) and a working fluid introduction body are provided in advance in a pressure vessel of a nuclear reactor, and nanoparticles are supplied and dispersed in the working fluid when an accident occurs. . Subsequently, the working fluid containing the nanoparticles boiled on the working fluid side surface (heat transfer surface) of the pressure vessel, so that a set of porous nanoparticles is formed between the heat transfer surface and the second porous body. A first porous body composed of the body is formed.
　実施形態６において、第１の多孔質体を構成するナノ粒子の集合体が、粒子間或いは粒子内の多数の細孔が、第１の作動流体供給部又は第１の蒸気排出部を構成している。本実施形態でも、第１の多孔質体が、作動流体の供給と蒸気の排出を別個の経路を用いて行うことにより、図３を参照して説明したように、蒸気が接触部を覆ってしまい限界熱流束が制限されるという問題の発生を抑制することができる。また第２の多孔質体は、矩形状の孔の周囲の格子状の多孔質層部分が第１の多孔質体に作動流体を供給する第２の作動流体供給部として機能し、矩形状の孔が第１の多孔質体から排出された蒸気を作動流体中へ排出する第２の蒸気排出部として機能する。そして、第２の多孔質体は、第１の多孔質体に比べて作動流体の透過率が大きく、作動流体を保持する機能を有し、第２の多孔質体上部で合体気泡が滞留する間にも、速やかに第１の多孔質体への作動流体の供給が行われるように機能する。また、実施形態６では、第１の多孔質体が多孔質ナノ粒子の集合体で構成されているため、伝熱面の濡れ性が良好となり、メッシュ構造を有する多孔質層で構成した第２の多孔質体を用いて、より伝熱面への作動流体の供給性が良好となる。これにより、伝熱面の乾燥領域が生じ難くなり、限界熱流束が小さくなることを防ぐことができる。 In the sixth embodiment, the aggregate of nanoparticles constituting the first porous body has a large number of pores between or within the particles constituting the first working fluid supply section or the first vapor discharge section. ing. Also in this embodiment, the first porous body performs the supply of the working fluid and the discharge of the steam using separate paths, so that the steam covers the contact portion as described with reference to FIG. The occurrence of the problem that the critical heat flux is limited can be suppressed. Further, the second porous body functions as a second working fluid supply section in which the lattice-shaped porous layer portion around the rectangular holes supplies the working fluid to the first porous body. The holes function as a second vapor discharge unit that discharges the vapor discharged from the first porous body into the working fluid. The second porous body has a larger working fluid permeability than the first porous body, has a function of holding the working fluid, and coalesced bubbles stay in the upper portion of the second porous body. In the meantime, it functions so that the working fluid is quickly supplied to the first porous body. In Embodiment 6, since the first porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous nanoparticles, the heat transfer surface has good wettability, and the second porous body is composed of a porous layer having a mesh structure. By using this porous body, the supply performance of the working fluid to the heat transfer surface becomes better. Thereby, it becomes difficult to produce the dry area | region of a heat-transfer surface, and it can prevent that a limit heat flux becomes small.
　本発明は、原子炉圧力容器の冷却の他、種々の電子機器、その他の高発熱密度を有する熱機器全般に適用可能である。たとえば、核融合炉のダイバータ冷却、キャピラリーポンプループの高性能化、半導体レーザ、データセンターのサーバの冷却、フロン冷却式チョッパ制御装置、パワー電子機器等が考えられる。または、ガラスやアルミの溶融炉の側部や底部から周囲環境へ放散する熱を節減して、高温作業環境を改善する水冷ジャケットに適用可能である。さらに、大型ごみ焼却炉等の耐火壁を外部から冷却して損傷を軽減するための、耐火壁側部や耐火壁底部に設置する水冷ジャケットに適用可能である。 The present invention can be applied to various electronic devices and other thermal devices having a high heat generation density in addition to cooling of the reactor pressure vessel. For example, divertor cooling in fusion reactors, high performance of capillary pump loops, semiconductor lasers, data center server cooling, CFC-cooled chopper control devices, power electronics, and the like are conceivable. Alternatively, it can be applied to a water-cooled jacket that improves the high-temperature work environment by reducing the heat dissipated from the side or bottom of a glass or aluminum melting furnace to the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the present invention can be applied to a water-cooled jacket installed on the side of the fire wall or the bottom of the fire wall to reduce damage by cooling the fire wall such as a large garbage incinerator from the outside.
　以下に本発明を実施例でさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
　（試験例１）
　図１７に実験装置の概略図を示す。図１７（Ａ）には実験装置の概略模式図を示し、図１７（Ｂ）には当該実験装置の銅円柱上の伝熱面に設けた冷却部材（サンプル）の構造の一例を示す。実験装置の作動流体と接する接触部の直径を５０ｍｍとした。発熱体として、カートリッジヒータが埋め込まれた銅円柱を用いた。カートリッジヒータに印加する電圧を可変単巻変圧器でコントロールすることで加熱量を制御した。接触部からそれぞれ１０ｍｍ、１５ｍｍ及び２０ｍｍの銅円柱中心軸上に設置した３つのφ０．５Ｋ型シース熱電対からの出力を用いて外挿して接触部の過熱度を、指示温度差と設定距離及び熱伝導率からフーリエの式で熱流束を求めた。容器はパイレックス（登録商標）チューブとし、内部沸騰の様相を観察できるようにした。作動液体は、蒸留水を深さが１７０ｍｍとなるようにし、ヒータで加熱して飽和温度に維持した。発生した蒸気は、パイレックス（登録商標）チューブの上端に設けたコンデンサで凝縮させて容器内に戻した。 (Test Example 1)
FIG. 17 shows a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus. FIG. 17A shows a schematic schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus, and FIG. 17B shows an example of the structure of the cooling member (sample) provided on the heat transfer surface on the copper cylinder of the experimental apparatus. The diameter of the contact portion in contact with the working fluid of the experimental apparatus was 50 mm. A copper cylinder embedded with a cartridge heater was used as a heating element. The amount of heating was controlled by controlling the voltage applied to the cartridge heater with a variable autotransformer. Extrapolation using the outputs from three φ0.5K type sheathed thermocouples installed on the center axis of copper cylinders of 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm respectively from the contact part, the superheat degree of the contact part, the indicated temperature difference and the set distance and The heat flux was calculated from the thermal conductivity by the Fourier equation. The container was a Pyrex (registered trademark) tube so that the state of internal boiling could be observed. The working liquid was distilled water at a depth of 170 mm and heated with a heater to maintain the saturation temperature. The generated steam was condensed by a condenser provided at the upper end of the Pyrex (registered trademark) tube and returned to the container.
　冷却部材の多孔質体として、組成が酢酸セルロースと硝酸セルロースの混合物の円板（商品名：ＭＦ－ミリポア）を使用した。多孔質体の円板の直径は５０ｍｍ、蒸気排出部（丸形）の排出口径は１．９ｍｍ、孔半径は０．８μｍ、空隙率は８０％、板厚は０．１５ｍｍであった。冷却部材の作動流体導入体として、表１に示すＮｏ．１～１２のステンレス製の種々の形態の構造体を準備した。表１において、構造体のｈは高さを示し、ｌは構造体の各孔（六角形、三角形又は四角形）の辺の長さを示し、Ｄは構造体の各孔の直径を示し、δwは構造体の各孔を仕切る壁部の厚みを示す。 A disk (trade name: MF-Millipore) having a mixture of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate was used as the porous body of the cooling member. The diameter of the porous disk was 50 mm, the diameter of the discharge port (round shape) of the steam discharge part was 1.9 mm, the hole radius was 0.8 μm, the porosity was 80%, and the plate thickness was 0.15 mm. As a working fluid introduction body of the cooling member, No. 1 to 12 stainless steel structures of various forms were prepared. In Table 1, h of the structure indicates the height, l indicates the length of the side of each hole (hexagon, triangle, or square) of the structure, D indicates the diameter of each hole of the structure, and δ w represents the thickness of the wall portion that partitions each hole of the structure.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　実験は、大気圧（０．１ＭＰａ）のもとで、カードリッジヒータの電圧を５Ｖずつ上げながら加熱を行い、十分定常状態になったのを確認して、熱電対の出力電圧を記録した。ここで定常状態か否かは、２０分間の温度変化が１Ｋ以下であるか否かにより判断した。この操作を定常状態が保てなくなるまで繰り返した。 In the experiment, heating was performed while increasing the voltage of the cartridge heater in increments of 5 V under atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa), and it was confirmed that the temperature was sufficiently steady, and the output voltage of the thermocouple was recorded. Here, whether or not the steady state was reached was determined by whether or not the temperature change for 20 minutes was 1K or less. This operation was repeated until the steady state could not be maintained.
　（試験ａ）作動流体導入体の構造体の孔形状と、限界熱流束との関係
　作動流体導入体の構造体の孔形状と、限界熱流束との関係を検討するために、上記多孔質体上に、Ｎｏ．１～４の作動流体導入体のいずれかを設けたものを冷却部材として、上記実験を行った。また、冷却部材を設けないものをＮｏ．０とした。図１８に実験で得られた沸騰曲線を示す。沸騰曲線とは、沸騰伝熱の特性を表し、縦軸に熱流束、横軸に発熱体温度と液体の飽和温度との差、すなわち接触部の過熱度ΔＴsat［Ｋ］をとるものである。また、図１９に、図１８に示すデータを作動流体導入体の形態（孔の形状：Cell geometryと表記）について整理した結果を示す。図１８～１９から、どのような形状であっても、作動流体導入体を冷却部材に設けたものは、何も設けないものに対して限界熱流束が高いことがわかった。 (Test a) Relationship between the hole shape of the structure of the working fluid introduction body and the critical heat flux In order to examine the relationship between the hole shape of the structure of the working fluid introduction body and the critical heat flux, the porous body Above, no. The above experiment was conducted using one of the working fluid introduction bodies 1 to 4 as a cooling member. In addition, no. 0. FIG. 18 shows a boiling curve obtained in the experiment. The boiling curve represents the characteristics of boiling heat transfer, and the vertical axis represents the heat flux, and the horizontal axis represents the difference between the heating element temperature and the liquid saturation temperature, that is, the degree of superheat ΔTsat [K] at the contact portion. FIG. 19 shows the result of arranging the data shown in FIG. 18 with respect to the form of the working fluid introduction body (hole shape: expressed as Cell geometry). 18 to 19, it was found that the critical heat flux is higher in the case where the working fluid introduction body is provided on the cooling member regardless of the shape than in the case where nothing is provided.
　（試験ｂ）作動流体導入体の構造体の高さと、限界熱流束との関係
　作動流体導入体の構造体の高さと、限界熱流束との関係を検討するために、上記多孔質体上に、Ｎｏ．３、５～８の作動流体導入体のいずれかを設けたものを冷却部材として、上記実験を行った。図２０に実験で得られた沸騰曲線を示す。また、図２１に、図２０に示すデータ（Ｎｏ．５～８）を作動流体導入体の構造体の高さ（structure heightと表記）について整理した結果を示す。図２０～２１から、作動流体導入体の構造体の高さによって、限界熱流束が異なることがわかった。 (Test b) Relationship between the height of the structure of the working fluid introduction body and the critical heat flux In order to examine the relationship between the height of the structure of the working fluid introduction body and the critical heat flux, , No. The above experiment was conducted using any one of 3, 5 to 8 working fluid introduction bodies as a cooling member. FIG. 20 shows a boiling curve obtained in the experiment. FIG. 21 shows the result of arranging the data (Nos. 5 to 8) shown in FIG. 20 with respect to the height of the structure of the working fluid introduction body (denoted as structure height). 20 to 21, it was found that the critical heat flux varies depending on the height of the structure of the working fluid introduction body.
　（試験ｃ）作動流体導入体の構造体の各孔を仕切る壁部の厚みと、限界熱流束との関係
　作動流体導入体の構造体の各孔を仕切る壁部の厚みと、限界熱流束との関係を検討するために、上記多孔質体上に、Ｎｏ．３、９～１２の作動流体導入体のいずれかを設けたものを冷却部材として、上記実験を行った。図２２に実験で得られた沸騰曲線を示す。また、図２３に、図２２に示すデータを作動流体導入体の構造体の各孔を仕切る壁部の厚み（cell sizeと表記）について整理した結果を示す。図２２～２３から、作動流体導入体の構造体の各孔を仕切る壁部の厚みによって、限界熱流束が異なることがわかった。 (Test c) Relationship between the thickness of the wall part partitioning each hole of the structure of the working fluid introduction body and the limit heat flux The thickness of the wall part partitioning each hole of the structure of the working fluid introduction body, and the limit heat flux In order to examine the relationship of The above experiment was carried out using any one of 3, 9 to 12 working fluid introduction bodies as a cooling member. FIG. 22 shows the boiling curve obtained in the experiment. FIG. 23 shows the result of arranging the data shown in FIG. 22 with respect to the thickness (indicated as cell size) of the wall portion partitioning each hole of the structure of the working fluid introduction body. From FIGS. 22 to 23, it was found that the critical heat flux varies depending on the thickness of the wall portion partitioning each hole of the structure of the working fluid introduction body.
　（試験ｄ）作動流体導入体を用いた場合の限界熱流束に与える影響
　作動流体導入体を用いた場合の限界熱流束に与える影響を検討するために、上記多孔質体上にＮｏ．３の作動流体導入体を設けて冷却部材としたもの、Ｎｏ．３のみを冷却部材としたもの、及び、上記多孔質体のみを冷却部材としたものをそれぞれ準備して、上記実験を行った。図２４に実験で得られた沸騰曲線を示す。図２４から、冷却部材として、多孔質体上に作動流体導入体を設けたものが最も限界熱流束が大きくなることがわかった。 (Test d) Influence on the critical heat flux when the working fluid introduction body is used In order to examine the influence on the critical heat flux when the working fluid introduction body is used, No. 2 is formed on the porous body. No. 3 working fluid introduction body as a cooling member, No. 3 The above experiment was carried out by preparing only 3 as a cooling member and preparing only the porous body as a cooling member. FIG. 24 shows the boiling curve obtained in the experiment. From FIG. 24, it was found that the critical heat flux is the largest when the working fluid introduction body is provided on the porous body as the cooling member.
　（試験例２）
　冷却部材の層状構造と、限界熱流束との関係を検討するために以下の実験を行った。実験には、図１７（Ａ）に示す実験装置を用いた。また、当該実験装置の銅円柱上の伝熱面にナノ粒子（ＴｉＯ2）をコーティングすることで多孔質層（ＮＰ）を設けた。また、作動流体導入体として一辺が１１．２６ｍｍの正方形のセル（蒸気排出部）を有し、高さが２５ｍｍであるステンレス製の格子状構造物（ＭＳ）を準備した。また、一辺が１．４ｍｍの正方形のセル（孔）を有し、板厚が１．０ｍｍである組成が酢酸セルロースと硝酸セルロースの混合物の円板であるハニカム多孔質体（ＨＰ）を準備した。
　次に、伝熱面に設ける冷却部材以外は、試験例１と同様の方法にて、熱流束を測定した。なお、実験は、伝熱面に冷却部材を設けないもの（ＢＳ）、伝熱面にナノ粒子の多孔質層（ＮＰ）のみ設けたもの、伝熱面に格子状構造物（ＭＳ）のみ設けたもの、伝熱面にハニカム多孔質体（ＨＰ）のみ設けたもの、伝熱面にナノ粒子の多孔質層を設け、さらにその上にハニカム多孔質体を設けたもの（ＮＰ＋ＨＰ）、及び、伝熱面にナノ粒子の多孔質層を設け、さらにその上にハニカム多孔質体を設け、さらにその上に格子状構造物を設けたもの（ＮＰ＋ＨＰ＋ＭＳ）についてそれぞれ行った。得られた限界熱流束の実験結果を図２５に示す。
　図２５によれば、伝熱面にナノ粒子の多孔質層を設け、さらにその上にハニカム多孔質体を設け、さらにその上に格子状構造物を設けたもの（ＮＰ＋ＨＰ＋ＭＳ）が最も限界熱流束が大きくなることがわかった。 (Test Example 2)
In order to examine the relationship between the layered structure of the cooling member and the critical heat flux, the following experiment was conducted. In the experiment, an experimental apparatus shown in FIG. Further, it provided the porous layer (NP) by coating the nanoparticles (TiO 2) to the heat transfer surfaces on the copper cylinder of the experimental device. In addition, a stainless lattice structure (MS) having a square cell (vapor discharge part) with a side of 11.26 mm and a height of 25 mm was prepared as a working fluid introduction body. Further, a honeycomb porous body (HP) having a square cell (hole) with a side of 1.4 mm and a plate thickness of 1.0 mm, which is a disc of a mixture of cellulose acetate and cellulose nitrate, was prepared. .
Next, the heat flux was measured by the same method as in Test Example 1 except for the cooling member provided on the heat transfer surface. In the experiment, a cooling member is not provided on the heat transfer surface (BS), only a nanoparticle porous layer (NP) is provided on the heat transfer surface, and only a lattice structure (MS) is provided on the heat transfer surface. A honeycomb porous body (HP) provided on the heat transfer surface, a nanoparticle porous layer provided on the heat transfer surface, and a honeycomb porous body provided thereon (NP + HP), and The test was carried out for each of the samples (NP + HP + MS) in which a porous layer of nanoparticles was provided on the heat transfer surface, a honeycomb porous body was further provided thereon, and a lattice structure was further provided thereon. The experimental result of the obtained critical heat flux is shown in FIG.
According to FIG. 25, the limiting heat flux is the one in which a porous layer of nanoparticles is provided on the heat transfer surface, a honeycomb porous body is further provided thereon, and a lattice structure is further provided thereon (NP + HP + MS). Was found to be larger.

Claims (18)

  1. 　発熱体を冷却するための沸騰方式による冷却器であって、
    　作動流体を収容する容器と、
    　前記容器内において、前記作動流体と接するように且つ前記発熱体に対向するように設けられた冷却部材と
    を備え、
    　前記冷却部材は、前記発熱体側に設けられた多孔質体と、前記作動流体側に設けられた作動流体導入体とを備えた積層構造に構成され、
    　前記多孔質体は、毛細管現象により前記作動流体を前記発熱体との接触部に供給する作動流体供給部と、前記接触部で発生した蒸気を前記作動流体導入体側へ排出する蒸気排出部とを備え、
    　前記作動流体導入体は、前記作動流体を前記多孔質体に導く作動流体導入部を備える冷却器。     A cooler by a boiling system for cooling a heating element,
    A container containing a working fluid;
    A cooling member provided in the container so as to contact the working fluid and to face the heating element;
    The cooling member is configured in a laminated structure including a porous body provided on the heating element side and a working fluid introduction body provided on the working fluid side,
    The porous body includes a working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to a contact portion with the heating element by a capillary phenomenon, and a steam discharge portion that discharges steam generated at the contact portion to the working fluid introduction body side. Prepared,
    The said working fluid introduction body is a cooler provided with the working fluid introduction part which guides the said working fluid to the said porous body.
  2. 　前記作動流体導入体は、それぞれ高さ方向に貫通する複数の孔を有し、前記複数の孔が前記作動流体導入部を構成する請求項１に記載の冷却器。 The cooler according to claim 1, wherein each of the working fluid introduction bodies has a plurality of holes penetrating in a height direction, and the plurality of holes constitute the working fluid introduction section.
  3. 　前記作動流体導入体の作動流体導入部を構成する複数の孔は、断面が円形状又は多角形状である請求項２に記載の冷却器。 The cooler according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of holes constituting the working fluid introduction portion of the working fluid introduction body have a circular or polygonal cross section.
  4. 　前記作動流体導入体と前記多孔質体との間に隙間領域が設けられている請求項１～３のいずれか一項に記載の冷却器。 The cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a gap region is provided between the working fluid introduction body and the porous body.
  5. 　前記多孔質体が、多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されている請求項１～４のいずれか一項に記載の冷却器。 The cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles.
  6. 　前記多孔質体が、多孔質層で構成されている請求項１～４のいずれか一項に記載の冷却器。 The cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the porous body is composed of a porous layer.
  7. 　前記多孔質体は、前記発熱体側に設けられた第１の多孔質体と、前記作動流体導入体側に設けられた第２の多孔質体とを備えた積層構造に構成され、
    　前記第１の多孔質体は、毛細管現象により前記作動流体を前記発熱体との接触部に供給する第１の作動流体供給部と、前記接触部で発生した蒸気を前記第２の多孔質体側へ排出する第１の蒸気排出部とを備え、
    　前記第２の多孔質体は、前記作動流体導入体によって導入された作動流体を前記第１の多孔質体に供給する第２の作動流体供給部と、前記第１の多孔質体から排出された蒸気を前記作動流体導入体側へ排出する第２の蒸気排出部とを備え、前記第１の多孔質体よりも前記作動流体の透過率が大きい多孔質体で形成されている請求項１～４のいずれか一項に記載の冷却器。     The porous body is configured in a laminated structure including a first porous body provided on the heating element side and a second porous body provided on the working fluid introduction body side,
    The first porous body includes a first working fluid supply section that supplies the working fluid to a contact section with the heating element by capillary action, and vapor generated at the contact section on the second porous body side. A first steam discharge section for discharging to
    The second porous body is discharged from the first porous body and a second working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid introduced by the working fluid introduction body to the first porous body. And a second steam discharge section for discharging the steam to the working fluid introduction body side, and is formed of a porous body having a larger permeability of the working fluid than the first porous body. 5. The cooler according to any one of 4.
  8. 　前記第２の多孔質体は、孔半径を前記第１の多孔質体の孔半径より大きくすることで、及び／又は、空隙率を前記第１の多孔質体の空隙率より大きくすることで、前記第１の多孔質体よりも前記作動流体の透過率を大きくした請求項７に記載の冷却器。 The second porous body has a pore radius larger than that of the first porous body and / or a porosity larger than that of the first porous body. The cooler according to claim 7, wherein a permeability of the working fluid is larger than that of the first porous body.
  9. 　前記第１の多孔質体及び前記第２の多孔質体のいずれか一方が多孔質粒子の集合体で構成されており、他方が多孔質層で構成されている請求項７又は８に記載の冷却器。 The one of the first porous body and the second porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous particles, and the other is composed of a porous layer. Cooler.
  10. 　前記第１の多孔質体が多孔質ナノ粒子の集合体で構成されており、前記第２の多孔質体がメッシュ構造を有する多孔質層で構成されている請求項９に記載の冷却器。 The cooler according to claim 9, wherein the first porous body is composed of an aggregate of porous nanoparticles, and the second porous body is composed of a porous layer having a mesh structure.
  11. 　前記第１の多孔質体が多孔質層で構成されており、前記第１の蒸気排出部が、前記多孔質層を貫通する孔である請求項９に記載の冷却器。 The cooler according to claim 9, wherein the first porous body is formed of a porous layer, and the first vapor discharge portion is a hole penetrating the porous layer.
  12. 　前記作動流体導入体が金属で形成されている請求項１～１１のいずれか一項に記載の冷却器。 The cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the working fluid introduction body is made of metal.
  13. 　前記金属で形成された作動流体導入体の端部が前記発熱体に溶接により固定されている請求項１２に記載の冷却器。 The cooler according to claim 12, wherein an end portion of the working fluid introduction body formed of the metal is fixed to the heating element by welding.
  14. 　前記発熱体に放熱フィンが溶接されており、前記放熱フィンに前記作動流体導入体が溶接により固定されている請求項１３に記載の冷却器。 14. The cooler according to claim 13, wherein a radiating fin is welded to the heating element, and the working fluid introduction body is fixed to the radiating fin by welding.
  15. 　請求項１～１４のいずれか一項に記載の冷却器と、
    　前記冷却器の容器に接続され、蒸発した作動流体を液化するコンデンサと
    を備えた冷却装置。     The cooler according to any one of claims 1 to 14,
    A cooling device comprising a condenser connected to the container of the cooler and liquefying the evaporated working fluid.
  16. 　作動流体を収容した容器の作動流体中に、発熱体を少なくとも部分的に浸漬して発熱体を冷却する沸騰方式による冷却方法において、
    　前記発熱体の作動液体に浸漬された部分の表面に、前記発熱体側に設けられた多孔質体と、前記作動流体側に設けられた作動流体導入体とを備えた積層構造に構成された冷却部材を装着する発熱体の冷却方法であり、
    　前記多孔質体は、毛細管現象により前記作動流体を前記発熱体との接触部に供給する作動流体供給部と、前記接触部で発生した蒸気を前記作動流体導入体側へ排出する蒸気排出部とを備え、
    　前記作動流体導入体は、前記作動流体を前記多孔質体に導く作動流体導入部を備える発熱体の冷却方法。     In the cooling method by the boiling method in which the heating element is cooled at least partially by immersing the heating element in the working fluid of the container containing the working fluid,
    Cooling configured in a laminated structure including a porous body provided on the heating element side and a working fluid introduction body provided on the working fluid side on the surface of the part immersed in the working liquid of the heating element A method of cooling a heating element to which a member is attached,
    The porous body includes a working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid to a contact portion with the heating element by a capillary phenomenon, and a steam discharge portion that discharges steam generated at the contact portion to the working fluid introduction body side. Prepared,
    The method for cooling a heating element, wherein the working fluid introduction body includes a working fluid introduction section that guides the working fluid to the porous body.
  17. 　前記多孔質体は、前記発熱体側に設けられた第１の多孔質体と、前記作動流体導入体側に設けられた第２の多孔質体とを備えた積層構造に構成され、
    　前記第１の多孔質体は、毛細管現象により前記作動流体を前記発熱体との接触部に供給する第１の作動流体供給部と、前記接触部で発生した蒸気を前記第２の多孔質体側へ排出する第１の蒸気排出部とを備え、
    　前記第２の多孔質体は、前記作動流体導入体によって導入された作動流体を前記第１の多孔質体に供給する第２の作動流体供給部と、前記第１の多孔質体から排出された蒸気を前記作動流体導入体側へ排出する第２の蒸気排出部とを備え、前記第１の多孔質体よりも前記作動流体の透過率が大きい多孔質体で形成されている請求項１６に記載の発熱体の冷却方法。     The porous body is configured in a laminated structure including a first porous body provided on the heating element side and a second porous body provided on the working fluid introduction body side,
    The first porous body includes a first working fluid supply section that supplies the working fluid to a contact section with the heating element by capillary action, and vapor generated at the contact section on the second porous body side. A first steam discharge section for discharging to
    The second porous body is discharged from the first porous body and a second working fluid supply unit that supplies the working fluid introduced by the working fluid introduction body to the first porous body. And a second steam discharge section for discharging the steam to the working fluid introduction body side, and formed of a porous body having a higher permeability of the working fluid than the first porous body. The heating element cooling method described.
  18. 　前記作動流体中にナノ粒子を分散させておき、且つ、前記発熱体の作動液体に浸漬された部分の表面に、メッシュ構造を有する多孔質層で構成された前記第２の多孔質体及び前記作動流体導入体をこの順で設けておき、
    　発熱体からの熱によって、前記作動流体中のナノ粒子が沸騰する発熱体の伝熱面上で析出して多孔質ナノ粒子の集合体を構成することで前記第１の多孔質体を前記発熱体と前記第２の多孔質体との間に形成することで、前記発熱体の作動液体に浸漬された部分の表面に前記冷却部材を装着する請求項１７に記載の発熱体の冷却方法。     Nanoparticles are dispersed in the working fluid, and the second porous body composed of a porous layer having a mesh structure on the surface of the portion immersed in the working liquid of the heating element, and the The working fluid introduction body is provided in this order,
    The heat from the heating element causes the nanoparticles in the working fluid to precipitate on the heat transfer surface of the heating element to form an aggregate of porous nanoparticles, thereby forming the first porous body into the heat generation The heating element cooling method according to claim 17, wherein the cooling member is attached to a surface of a portion of the heating element that is immersed in the working liquid by being formed between the body and the second porous body.
PCT/JP2015/063669 2014-05-12 2015-05-12 Cooler and cooling device using same, and cooling method for heating element WO2015174423A1 (en)

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