WO2015161522A1

WO2015161522A1 - Coefficient training device, method and system and base station

Info

Publication number: WO2015161522A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/076307
Authority: WO
Inventors: 严茜; 张苗苗; 李亚波
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2014-04-26
Filing date: 2014-04-26
Publication date: 2015-10-29
Also published as: CN106031111B; CN106031111A

Abstract

Disclosed are a coefficient training device, comprising: a synchronization unit for receiving a synchronization sequence transmitted via a pre-distortion module and a power backoff adjustment module within a first time period, and determining a starting location of a training sequence; a first training unit for receiving an IQ unbalanced training sequence transmitted via the pre-distortion module and the power backoff adjustment module over an emission channel within a second time period, training an IQ correction coefficient, and sending the obtained IQ correction coefficient to the pre-distortion module; and a second training unit for receiving a PA nonlinear training sequence transmitted by the pre-distortion module and the power backoff adjustment module within a third time period, training a PA correction coefficient, and sending the obtained PA correction coefficient to the pre-distortion module. Further disclosed are a coefficient training method and system and a base station. By means of the present invention, when there exists IQ unbalance, an accurate non-linear feature of a power amplifier can be obtained.

Description

一种系数训练装置、方法、 ***及基站 Coefficient training device, method, system and base station

技术领域 Technical field

本发明涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种系数训练装置、方法、 ***及基站。背景技术 The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a coefficient training apparatus, method, system, and base station. Background technique

在发射***中，功率放大器（Power Amplifier, 简称 PA )是最重要的器件，其存在固有的非线性。非线性导致了信号带宽之外的频谱再生或者扩展，对领近信道造成干扰。同时，功率放大器非线性在信号带宽内也造成失真，恶化了***的比特误码率。而新型传输格式如宽带码分多址（Wideband Code Division Multiple Access , 简称 WCDMA ) 和正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ，简称 OFDM ), 由于具有较高的峰值平均功率比（Peak to Average Power Ratio, 简称 PAPR )，尤其容易受到非线性失真的影响，造成功率放大器记忆效应的产生，使功率放大器的特性发生变化，互调产物发生不平衡，同样引起失真。此外，由于移动终端正朝着小尺寸、低价格、低功耗方向发展，直接变频机已经成为移动终端设计的主流方向。直接变频结构在变频时使用的同相和正交相两路信号会产生幅度和相位的偏差，引入镜像干扰，使***性能退化，即带来同相和正交相（In-phase and Quadrature, 简称 IQ ) 不平衡问题。因此，功率放大器非线性和发送 IQ不平衡是无线发射机的两个最主要的非理想特性源。 In the transmitting system, the Power Amplifier (PA) is the most important device, and it has inherent nonlinearity. Nonlinearity results in spectral regeneration or expansion outside of the signal bandwidth, causing interference to the near-channel. At the same time, the nonlinearity of the power amplifier also causes distortion in the signal bandwidth, which deteriorates the bit error rate of the system. The new transmission formats, such as Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), have higher peak-to-average power ratios (Peak to Average). Power Ratio (PAPR for short) is especially susceptible to nonlinear distortion, which causes the memory effect of the power amplifier to change, the characteristics of the power amplifier change, and the intermodulation products are unbalanced, which also causes distortion. In addition, as mobile terminals are moving toward small size, low price, and low power consumption, direct inverters have become the mainstream of mobile terminal design. Indirect and quadrature phase signals used in direct conversion structure will produce amplitude and phase deviations, introduce image interference, and degrade system performance, that is, bring in-phase and quadrature (IQ). ) Unbalanced issues. Therefore, power amplifier nonlinearity and transmit IQ imbalance are the two most important sources of non-ideal characteristics for wireless transmitters.

在低频窄带***中，对功率放大器非线性进行预失真时，我们可以直接发送和接收带通实信号，并通过对带通是信号的处理来获得功率放大器特性；或者通过发送和接收基带等效信号，忽略发送 IQ不平衡对信号带来的畸变，然后通过处理基带等效信号获得功率放大器特性。因此，在低频窄带***中，功 ***，我们虽然可以通过测量发送和接收的带通实信号获得功率放大器特性，但由于受连接器件的非理想特性的影响以及测量条件的限制，功率放大器特性以及记忆效应很难通过处理带通实信号准确得到。如通过发送和接收基带等效信号来刻画功率放大器非线性，必须引入正交调制器，此时测量的信号不可避免地会受到 IQ不平衡带来的影响。在现有技术中，仅考虑不随频率变化的 IQ 不平衡，然后需要估计额外的参数来保证算法的快速收敛和良好性能，使得功率放大器非线性模型复杂度较高，且得到的功率放大器非线性特性准确度较低。发明内容 In the low-frequency narrow-band system, when the power amplifier nonlinearity is pre-distorted, we can directly transmit and receive the band-pass real signal, and obtain the power amplifier characteristics by processing the band-pass signal; or by transmitting and receiving the baseband equivalent. The signal ignores the distortion caused by the transmitted IQ imbalance and then obtains the power amplifier characteristics by processing the baseband equivalent signal. Therefore, in the low-frequency narrow-band system, the power system, although we can obtain the power amplifier characteristics by measuring the transmitted and received band-pass real signals, but due to the non-ideal characteristics of the connected devices and the measurement conditions, the power amplifier characteristics and The memory effect is difficult to obtain accurately by processing the band pass signal. If the power amplifier nonlinearity is characterized by transmitting and receiving the baseband equivalent signal, a quadrature modulator must be introduced, and the measured signal is inevitably affected by the IQ imbalance. In the prior art, only IQ that does not change with frequency is considered. Unbalanced, then additional parameters need to be estimated to ensure fast convergence and good performance of the algorithm, so that the nonlinearity of the power amplifier nonlinear model is high, and the accuracy of the nonlinear characteristics of the obtained power amplifier is low. Summary of the invention

本发明实施例提供了一种系数训练装置、方法、 ***及基站，以解决存在 Embodiments of the present invention provide a coefficient training apparatus, method, system, and base station to solve the existence

IQ不平衡时难以得到准确的功率放大器非线性特性的问题。 It is difficult to get an accurate problem of the nonlinear characteristics of the power amplifier when the IQ is unbalanced.

本发明实施例第一方面提供了一种系数训练装置，可包括： A first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a coefficient training apparatus, which may include:

同步单元，用于在第一时段内接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的同步序列，确定训练序列的起始位置；其中，在所述第一时段内，所述功率回退调整模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述同步序列； a synchronization unit, configured to receive a synchronization sequence transmitted by a predistortion module and a power backoff adjustment module on the transmit channel, to determine a start position of the training sequence, where the first time period is The power backoff adjustment module is in a silent state, and is only used to transmit the synchronization sequence;

第一训练单元，用于在第二时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 IQ不平衡训练序列，训练 IQ校正系数，将得到的 IQ校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第二时段内，所述预失真模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述 IQ训练序列；所述功率回退调整模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区; 第二训练单元，用于在第三时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第三时段内，所述预失真模块处于 IQ预失真的工作状态，用于对所述 PA非线性训练序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退调整模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 a first training unit, configured to receive an IQ imbalance training sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmit channel, train the IQ correction coefficient, and send the obtained IQ correction coefficient to the second time period. The pre-distortion module; wherein, in the second time period, the pre-distortion module is in a silent state, and is only used to transmit the IQ training sequence; the power back-off adjustment module is in an operating state of increasing power back-off So that the power amplifier on the transmitting channel operates in a linear region; the second training unit is configured to receive the PA nonlinearity transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmitting channel in a third time period a training sequence, training the PA correction coefficient, and transmitting the obtained PA correction coefficient to the predistortion module; wherein, in the third time period, the predistortion module is in an IQ predistortion working state, The PA non-linear training sequence is output after the IQ pre-distortion processing; the power back-off adjustment module is in a working state of reducing power back-off, The power amplifier on the transmit channel is operated in a saturation region.

在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。 In a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the synchronization sequence is a pseudo-random sequence that is insensitive to IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity and has an autocorrelation property, and the IQ imbalance training sequence and PA nonlinearity The training sequence is identical to the waveform characteristics of the useful information data sequence.

结合第一方面或结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于调整所述功率回退模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区；所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于调整所述功率回退模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。结合第一方面或结合第一方面的第一或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述预失真模块包括级联的 PA预失真单元和 IQ预失真单元，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，且所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 With reference to the first aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, a first time interval exists between the first time period and the second time period, where the first time is The interval is used to adjust an operating state of the power back-off module to increase power back-off, so that a power amplifier on the transmitting channel operates in a linear region; and a second between the second time period and the third time period The time interval, the second time interval is used to adjust the power back-off module to be in an operating state of reducing power back-off, so that the power amplifier on the transmitting channel operates in a saturation region. With reference to the first aspect or the first or second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation, the predistortion module includes a cascading PA predistortion unit and an IQ predistortion unit, The working state of the predistortion module is switched by a switch on a sequence transmission line, and the predistortion module performs based on a first polynomial when performing IQ predistortion processing, and based on a second plurality when performing PA predistortion processing To proceed.

结合第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述第一训练单元具体用于： In conjunction with the third possible implementation of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation, the first training unit is specifically configured to:

根据所述第一多项式，计算得到一个 j x k的第一矩阵；其中， j 为所述 IQ不平衡训练序列的长度， k为所述第一多项式中用于求和的项数； Calculating, according to the first polynomial, a first matrix of jxk; wherein j is a length of the IQ imbalance training sequence, and k is a number of terms used in the first polynomial for summation;

根据所述第一矩阵以及所述 IQ不平衡训练序列计算得到所述第一多项式的系数，作为 IQ校正系数； Calculating coefficients of the first polynomial according to the first matrix and the IQ imbalance training sequence as IQ correction coefficients;

所述第二训练单元具体用于： The second training unit is specifically configured to:

根据所述第二多项式，计算得到一个 XX y的第二矩阵；其中， X 为所述 Calculating a second matrix of XX y according to the second polynomial; wherein X is the

PA非线性不平衡训练序列的长度， y为所述第二多项式中用于求和的项数；根据所述第二矩阵以及所述 PA非线性训练序列计算得到所述第二多项式的系数，作为 PA校正系数。 The length of the PA nonlinear imbalance training sequence, y is the number of terms used for summation in the second polynomial; calculating the second plurality according to the second matrix and the PA nonlinear training sequence The coefficient of the formula, as the PA correction factor.

本发明实施例第二方面提供了一种系数训练装置，包括： A second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a coefficient training apparatus, including:

输入装置、输出装置、存储器、处理器以及总线，所述输入装置、输出装置、存储器以及处理器与所述总线连接，其中： An input device, an output device, a memory, a processor, and a bus, wherein the input device, the output device, the memory, and the processor are connected to the bus, wherein:

所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于调用所述程序进行以下步骤：在第一时段内接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的同步序列，确定训练序列的起始位置；其中，在所述第一时段内，所述功率回退调整模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述同步序列； The memory is used to store a program, and the processor is configured to invoke the program to perform the following steps: receiving a synchronization sequence transmitted by a predistortion module and a power backoff adjustment module on a transmit channel during a first time period, determining a training sequence a starting position; wherein, in the first time period, the power back-off adjustment module is in a silent state, and is only used to transmit the synchronization sequence;

在第二时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 IQ不平衡训练序列，训练 IQ校正系数，将得到的 IQ校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第二时段内，所述预失真模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述 IQ训练序列；所述功率回退调整模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区； Receiving an IQ imbalance training sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmitting channel, training an IQ correction coefficient, and transmitting the obtained IQ correction coefficient to the predistortion module; During the second time period, the pre-distortion module is in a silent state, and is only used to transmit the IQ training sequence; the power back-off adjustment module is in an operating state of increasing power back-off, so that the transmitting channel is The upper power amplifier operates in a linear region;

在第三时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第三时段内，所述预失真模块处于 IQ预失真的工作状态，用于对所述 PA非线性训练序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退调整模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 Receiving a PA nonlinear training sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmitting channel in a third time period, training the PA correction coefficient, and transmitting the obtained PA correction coefficient Up to the pre-distortion module; wherein, in the third time period, the pre-distortion module is in an IQ pre-distortion working state, and is configured to perform IQ pre-distortion processing on the PA non-linear training sequence, and output The power back-off adjustment module is in an operating state that reduces power back-off so that the power amplifier on the transmit channel operates in a saturation region.

在第二方面的第一种可能的实施方式中，所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 In a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the synchronization sequence is an imbalance of IQ and

PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。 The PA is nonlinearly insensitive and has a pseudo-random sequence of autocorrelation properties, and both the IQ imbalance training sequence and the PA nonlinear training sequence have the same waveform characteristics as the useful information data sequence.

结合第二方面或结合第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于所述处理器调整所述功率回退模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区；所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于所述处理器调整所述功率回退模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 With reference to the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, a first time interval exists between the first time period and the second time period, where the first time is The interval is used by the processor to adjust an operating state of the power back-off module to increase power back-off, so that a power amplifier on the transmitting channel operates in a linear region; the second time period and the third time period There is a second time interval for the processor to adjust the power back-off module to be in an operating state of reducing power back-off so that the power amplifier on the transmit channel operates in a saturation region.

结合第二方面或结合第二方面的第一或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述预失真模块包括级联的 PA预失真单元和 IQ预失真单元，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，且所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 With reference to the second aspect or the first or second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a third possible implementation, the predistortion module includes a cascading PA predistortion unit and an IQ predistortion unit, The working state of the predistortion module is switched by a switch on a sequence transmission line, and the predistortion module performs based on a first polynomial when performing IQ predistortion processing, and based on a second plurality when performing PA predistortion processing To proceed.

结合第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述处理器具体用于： In conjunction with the third possible implementation of the second aspect, in a fourth possible implementation, the processor is specifically configured to:

根据所述第一多项式，计算得到一个 j x k的第一矩阵；其中， j 为所述 Calculating a first matrix of j x k according to the first polynomial; wherein j is the

IQ不平衡训练序列的长度， k为所述第一多项式中用于求和的项数； The length of the IQ imbalance training sequence, k is the number of terms used in the first polynomial for summation;

在训练 PA校正系数时，所述处理器具体用于： When training the PA correction coefficient, the processor is specifically configured to:

根据所述第二多项式，计算得到一个 XX y的第二矩阵；其中， X 为所述 PA非线性不平衡训练序列的长度， y为所述第二多项式中用于求和的项数；根据所述第二矩阵以及所述 PA非线性训练序列计算得到所述第二多项式的系数，作为 PA校正系数。本发明实施例第三方面提供了一种系数训练方法，可包括： Calculating a second matrix of XX y according to the second polynomial; wherein X is the length of the PA nonlinear imbalance training sequence, and y is used for summation in the second polynomial a number of terms; a coefficient of the second polynomial is calculated according to the second matrix and the PA nonlinear training sequence as a PA correction coefficient. A third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a coefficient training method, which may include:

在第一时段内接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的同步序列，确定训练序列的起始位置；其中，在所述第一时段内，所述功率回退调整模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述同步序列； Determining a start position of the training sequence by using a synchronization sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power back adjustment module on the transmit channel in the first time period; wherein, in the first time period, the power back adjustment module In a silent state, only for transmitting the synchronization sequence;

在第三时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第三时段内，所述预失真模块处于 IQ预失真的工作状态，用于对所述 PA非线性训练序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退调整模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 Receiving, by the third period of time, a PA nonlinear training sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmitting channel, training the PA correction coefficient, and transmitting the obtained PA correction coefficient to the predistortion module; And in the third time period, the pre-distortion module is in an IQ pre-distortion working state, and is configured to perform IQ pre-distortion processing on the PA non-linear training sequence, and output; the power back-off adjustment module is in reducing power The operating state of the back-off is such that the power amplifier on the transmitting channel operates in a saturation region.

在第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。 In a first possible implementation manner of the third aspect, the synchronization sequence is a pseudo-random sequence that is insensitive to IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity and has an autocorrelation property, and the IQ imbalance training sequence and PA nonlinearity The training sequence is identical to the waveform characteristics of the useful information data sequence.

结合第三方面或结合第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于调整所述功率回退模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区；所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于调整所述功率回退模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 With reference to the third aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the third aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, a first time interval exists between the first time period and the second time period, where the first time is The interval is used to adjust an operating state of the power back-off module to increase power back-off, so that a power amplifier on the transmitting channel operates in a linear region; and a second between the second time period and the third time period The time interval, the second time interval is used to adjust the power back-off module to be in an operating state of reducing power back-off, so that the power amplifier on the transmitting channel operates in a saturation region.

结合第三方面或结合第三方面的第一或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述预失真模块包括级联的 PA预失真单元和 IQ预失真单元，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，且所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 With reference to the third aspect or the first or second possible implementation manner of the third aspect, in a third possible implementation, the predistortion module includes a cascading PA predistortion unit and an IQ predistortion unit, The working state of the predistortion module is switched by a switch on a sequence transmission line, and the predistortion module performs based on a first polynomial when performing IQ predistortion processing, and based on a second plurality when performing PA predistortion processing To proceed.

结合第三方面或结合第三方面的第一或第二或第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述训练 IQ校正系数，包括： In combination with the third aspect or in combination with the first or second or third possible implementation of the third aspect, In a fourth possible implementation manner, the training IQ correction coefficient includes:

所述训练 PA校正系数，包括： The training PA correction coefficient includes:

根据所述第二多项式，计算得到一个 XX y的第二矩阵；其中， X 为所述 PA非线性不平衡训练序列的长度， y为所述第二多项式中用于求和的项数；根据所述第二矩阵以及所述 PA非线性训练序列计算得到所述第二多项式的系数，作为 PA校正系数。 Calculating a second matrix of XX y according to the second polynomial; wherein X is the length of the PA nonlinear imbalance training sequence, and y is used for summation in the second polynomial a number of terms; a coefficient of the second polynomial is calculated according to the second matrix and the PA nonlinear training sequence as a PA correction coefficient.

本发明实施例第四方面提供了一种系数训练***，包括： A fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a coefficient training system, including:

预失真模块、功率回退调整模块、功率放大器和系数训练装置，所述功率放大器用于放大发射信号的功率； a predistortion module, a power backoff adjustment module, a power amplifier, and a coefficient training device, wherein the power amplifier is configured to amplify a power of the transmitted signal;

在第一时间段内，所述预失真模块用于接收同步序列，对所述同步序列进行 IQ预失真处理和 PA预失真处理后输出或直接输出；所述功率回退调整模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述预失真模块输出后的同步序列；所述系数训练装置用于根据所述同步序列确定训练序列的起始位置； In the first time period, the pre-distortion module is configured to receive a synchronization sequence, perform IQ pre-distortion processing and PA pre-distortion processing on the synchronization sequence, and output or directly output; the power back-off adjustment module is in a silent state. For transmitting only the synchronization sequence after the output of the predistortion module; the coefficient training device is configured to determine a starting position of the training sequence according to the synchronization sequence;

在第二时间段内，所述预失真模块用于接收 IQ不平衡训练序列并直接输出；所述功率回退调整模块用于增加所述功率放大器的功率回退，以使所述功率放大器工作于线性区；所述系数训练装置用于接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 IQ不平衡训练序列，训练 IQ校正系数，将得到的 IQ校正系数发送至所述预失真模块； The second pre-distortion module is configured to receive an IQ imbalance training sequence and output the same; the power back-off adjustment module is configured to increase power back-off of the power amplifier, so that the power amplifier works In the linear region, the coefficient training device is configured to receive an IQ imbalance training sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmit channel, train the IQ correction coefficient, and send the obtained IQ correction coefficient to the pre- Distortion module

在第三时间段内，所述预失真模块用于接收 PA非线性训练序列，对所述同步序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退模块用于减少所述功率放大器的功率回退，以使所述功率放大器工作于饱和区；所述系数训练装置用于接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块。 The third pre-distortion module is configured to receive a PA non-linear training sequence, perform IQ pre-distortion processing on the synchronization sequence, and output the power; the power back-off module is configured to reduce power of the power amplifier. Retreating to operate the power amplifier in a saturation region; the coefficient training device is configured to receive a PA nonlinear training sequence transmitted by a predistortion module and a power backoff adjustment module on the transmit channel, and training the PA correction coefficient, The resulting PA correction coefficients are sent to the predistortion module.

在第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 In a first possible implementation of the fourth aspect, the synchronization sequence is an imbalance of IQ and

PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。结合第四方面或结合第四方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于所述功率回退模块增加所述功率放大器的功率回退，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区；所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于所述功率回退模块减少所述功率放大器的功率回退，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 The PA is nonlinearly insensitive and has a pseudo-random sequence with autocorrelation properties, and both the IQ imbalance training sequence and the PA nonlinear training sequence have the same waveform characteristics as the useful information data sequence. With reference to the fourth aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, a first time interval exists between the first time period and the second time period, where the first time is An interval for the power backoff module to increase a power backoff of the power amplifier to operate a power amplifier on the transmit channel in a linear region; a second between the second time period and the third time period A time interval, the second time interval for the power backoff module to reduce power backoff of the power amplifier to operate a power amplifier on the transmit channel in a saturation region.

结合第四方面或结合第四方面的第一或第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述预失真模块包括级联的 PA预失真单元和 IQ预失真单元，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，且所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 With reference to the fourth aspect or the first or second possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, in a third possible implementation, the predistortion module includes a cascading PA predistortion unit and an IQ predistortion unit, The working state of the predistortion module is switched by a switch on a sequence transmission line, and the predistortion module performs based on a first polynomial when performing IQ predistortion processing, and based on a second plurality when performing PA predistortion processing To proceed.

结合第四方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述系数训练装置具体用于： In conjunction with the third possible implementation of the fourth aspect, in a fourth possible implementation, the coefficient training apparatus is specifically configured to:

结合第四方面或结合第四方面的第一或第二或第三或第四种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，所述预失真模块还用于接收有用信息数据序列，对所述有用信息数据序列进行 IQ预失真处理和 PA预失真处理后输出。 With reference to the fourth aspect or the first or second or third or fourth possible implementation manner of the fourth aspect, in a fifth possible implementation, the predistortion module is further configured to receive a sequence of useful information data. And performing the IQ predistortion processing and the PA predistortion processing on the useful information data sequence.

本发明实施例第五方面提供了一种基站，包括： A fifth aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a base station, including:

如本发明实施例第四方面或第四方面任一实施方式所述的系数训练***。实施本发明实施例，具有如下有益效果： A coefficient training system according to any of the fourth or fourth aspects of the embodiments of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

通过在不同时段内控制预失真模块的工作状态，并配合不同的训练序列，无需改变现有 PA非线性校正的基本架构，便能同时考虑随频率变化的 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性，并依次训练得到 IQ校正系数和 PA校正系数，节省了对发射通道校正的硬件成本，同时又可以对整个发送通道中的非线性进行刻画，复杂度大大降低。附图说明 By controlling the working state of the predistortion module in different time periods and matching different training sequences, it is possible to simultaneously consider the IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity with frequency without changing the basic structure of the existing PA nonlinear correction. Training to get IQ correction coefficient and PA correction coefficient, saving on the hair The hardware cost of the channel correction can at the same time characterize the nonlinearity in the entire transmission channel, and the complexity is greatly reduced. DRAWINGS

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。 In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. For the embodiments, those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to the drawings without any creative work.

图 1 为本发明系数训练装置的第一实施例的组成示意图； 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a coefficient training device according to the present invention;

图 2为与图 1中系数训练装置配合的预失真模块的组成示意图；图 3为本发明系数训练装置的第二实施例的组成示意图； 2 is a schematic diagram of the composition of a predistortion module cooperated with the coefficient training device of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the second embodiment of the coefficient training device of the present invention;

图 4为本发明系数训练方法的第一实施例的流程示意图； 4 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of a coefficient training method according to the present invention;

图 5为本发明系数训练方法的第二实施例的流程示意图； FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a second embodiment of a coefficient training method according to the present invention; FIG.

图 6为本发明系数训练***的第一实施例的组成示意图； 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a coefficient training system according to the present invention;

图 7为本发明系数训练***的第二实施例的组成示意图。具体实施方式 Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a second embodiment of the coefficient training system of the present invention. detailed description

下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of the present invention.

请参照图 1，为本发明系数训练装置的第一实施例的组成示意图；在本实施例中，所述系数训练装置包括： Referring to FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of a composition of a first embodiment of a coefficient training apparatus according to the present invention is provided. In the embodiment, the coefficient training apparatus includes:

同步单元 100，用于在第一时段内接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的同步序列，确定训练序列的起始位置；其中，在所述第一时段内，所述功率回退调整模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述同步序列；第一训练单元 200，用于在第二时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 IQ不平衡训练序列，训练 IQ校正系数，将得到的 IQ校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第二时段内，所述预失真模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述 IQ训练序列；所述功率回退调整模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区； The synchronization unit 100 is configured to receive a synchronization sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power back adjustment module on the transmitting channel, to determine a starting position of the training sequence, where the first time period is The power back-off adjustment module is in a silent state, and is only used to transmit the synchronization sequence. The first training unit 200 is configured to receive, by using a pre-distortion module and a power back-off adjustment module on the transmit channel, in a second time period. The IQ imbalance training sequence, training the IQ correction coefficient, and sending the obtained IQ correction coefficient to the predistortion module; wherein, in the second time period, the predistortion module is in a silent state, and is used only for the transmission The IQ training sequence; the power back-off adjustment mode The block is in an operating state in which the power back is increased to operate the power amplifier on the transmitting channel in the linear region;

第二训练单元 300，用于在第三时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第三时段内，所述预失真模块处于 IQ预失真的工作状态，用于对所述 PA非线性训练序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退调整模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 The second training unit 300 is configured to receive a PA nonlinear training sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power back adjustment module on the transmitting channel, train the PA correction coefficient, and send the obtained PA correction coefficient in the third time period. Up to the pre-distortion module; wherein, in the third time period, the pre-distortion module is in an IQ pre-distortion working state, and is configured to perform IQ pre-distortion processing on the PA non-linear training sequence, and output The power backoff adjustment module is in an operating state that reduces power backoff so that the power amplifier on the transmit channel operates in a saturation region.

其中，所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，这样，预失真模块的工作状态对同步序列的影响不大，此时预失真模块可处于任意工作状态，例如仅传输序列而不对序列作任何处理，或者对序列进行 PA预失真处理或 IQ预失真处理或同时进行两种预失真处理。所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。这样，便可以得到真实的 PA特性，在传输有用信息数据序列时，可得到最佳的预失真校正效果。 The synchronization sequence is a pseudo-random sequence that is insensitive to IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity and has autocorrelation characteristics. Thus, the working state of the predistortion module has little effect on the synchronization sequence, and the predistortion module can be in Any working state, such as transmitting only the sequence without any processing on the sequence, or performing PA predistortion processing or IQ predistortion processing on the sequence or performing two predistortion processing simultaneously. Both the IQ imbalance training sequence and the PA nonlinear training sequence have the same waveform characteristics as the useful information data sequence. In this way, the true PA characteristics can be obtained, and the best predistortion correction effect can be obtained when transmitting the useful information data sequence.

可选地，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于调整所述功率回退模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区；所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于调整所述功率回退模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 Optionally, a first time interval exists between the first time period and the second time period, where the first time interval is used to adjust an operating state of the power back-off module to increase power back-off, so that the transmitting a power amplifier on the channel operates in a linear region; a second time interval exists between the second time period and the third time period, the second time interval is used to adjust the power backoff module to reduce power back The operating state is such that the power amplifier on the transmit channel operates in a saturation region.

例如，第一时段为 T0-T1 , 用于发送同步序列；第二时段为 T2-T3, 用于训练 IQ校正系数；第三时段为 T4-T5，用于训练 PA校正系数。还可以在 T1 和 T2之间设置第一时间间隔以作为保护间隔，用于调整 PA的工作状态；同样的，在 T3和 T4之间同样可以设置第二时间间隔以作为保护间隔，用于调整 PA的工作状态。 For example, the first time period is T0-T1 for transmitting the synchronization sequence; the second time period is T2-T3 for training the IQ correction coefficient; and the third time period is T4-T5 for training the PA correction coefficient. It is also possible to set a first time interval between T1 and T2 as a guard interval for adjusting the working state of the PA. Similarly, a second time interval can also be set between T3 and T4 as a guard interval for adjustment. The working status of the PA.

可选地，请参照图 2，为与图 1中系数训练装置配合的预失真模块的组成示意图，在本实施例中，所述预失真模块包括级联的 PA预失真单元 11和 IQ 预失真单元 12，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，如图 2所示，可在所述预失真模块内设置 S1-S4四个切换开关，从而控制所述预失真模块的工作状态。使得预失真模块对输入信号 s(n)进行不同的处理： Optionally, referring to FIG. 2, which is a schematic diagram of a composition of a predistortion module cooperated with the coefficient training device of FIG. 1. In this embodiment, the predistortion module includes a cascaded PA predistortion unit 11 and IQ predistortion. The working state of the predistortion module is switched by a switch on the sequence transmission line. As shown in FIG. 2, four switchers S1-S4 may be disposed in the predistortion module to control the predistortion module. Working status. Making the predistortion module different for the input signal s(n) Reason:

若不需要对 s(n)进行任何预失真处理时，可将 S1接 B点， S3接 D点， S4 接 F点，此时 s(n)与 x(n)相同； If you do not need any pre-distortion processing for s(n), you can connect S1 to point B, S3 to point D, and S4 to point F, where s(n) is the same as x(n);

若仅需要对 s(n)进行 PA预失真处理时，可将 S1接 A点，断开 S2与 C点而使得 S3接 C点， S4接 F点； If only PA predistortion processing is required for s(n), connect S1 to point A, disconnect S2 and point C, and make S3 connect to point C, and S4 to point F;

若仅需要对 s(n)进行 IQ预失真处理时，可将 S1接 B点，断开 S3与 D点，而使得 S2接 D点， S4接 F点； If only IQ predistortion processing is required for s(n), connect S1 to point B, disconnect S3 and point D, and make S2 connect to point D, and S4 to point F;

若需要对 s(n)同时进行 PA预失真处理和 IQ预失真处理时，可将 S1接 A 点，断开 S2与 D点而使得 S2接 C点， S4接 E点。 If you need to perform PA pre-distortion processing and IQ pre-distortion processing on s(n) at the same time, you can connect S1 to point A, disconnect S2 and point D so that S2 is connected to point C, and S4 is connected to point E.

通过上述的开关切换效果，再结合不同的时段发送不同的序列就可以在一套硬件***中完成 PA预失真和 IQ预失真的训练及校正。 The PA pre-distortion and IQ pre-distortion training and correction can be completed in a hardware system by the above-mentioned switch switching effect and sending different sequences in combination with different time periods.

具体地，在第一时段，可不限制开关的切换，传输同步序列； Specifically, in the first time period, the switching of the switch may not be restricted, and the synchronization sequence is transmitted;

在第一时间间隔，增加功率放大器的功率回退使功率放大器工作于线性区; 在第二时段，通过开关切换使得预失真模块处于静默状态，此时预失真模块的输出等同于输入，仅用于传输 IQ不平衡训练序列，完成对 IQ不平衡的训练，得到 IQ校正系数； At the first time interval, increasing the power back-off of the power amplifier causes the power amplifier to operate in the linear region; during the second period, the pre-distortion module is in a silent state by switching, and the output of the pre-distortion module is equivalent to the input, and only After transmitting the IQ imbalance training sequence, the training of the IQ imbalance is completed, and the IQ correction coefficient is obtained;

在第二时间间隔，减少功率放大器的功率回退使功率放大器工作于饱和区; 在第三时段，通过开关切换使得预失真模块处于 IQ预失真的工作状态，此时仅对接收的序列进行 IQ预失真处理，完成对 PA非线性的训练，得到 PA 校正系数。 At the second time interval, reducing the power back-off of the power amplifier causes the power amplifier to operate in the saturation region; during the third period, the pre-distortion module is in the IQ pre-distortion state by switching, and only the received sequence is IQ- Pre-distortion processing, complete training on PA nonlinearity, and obtain PA correction coefficient.

其中，所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 The predistortion module performs the IQ predistortion processing based on the first polynomial, and performs the PA predistortion processing based on the second polynomial.

可选地，所述第一多项式可以为： x(n) = J¾s(n - m) + J¾₂(s(n - m))* Alternatively, the first polynomial may be: x(n) = J3⁄4s(n - m) + J3⁄4 ₂ (s(n - m))*

m=0 m=0 其中， M^iq是 IQ预失真模块的记忆效应的阶数，和 IQ调制器的随频率变化的不平衡的程度有关， s(n)表示输入信号， s(n-m)表示原始的输入信号向后移了 m个釆样点， "*" 号表示对复数取共轭， ^a 和 ^a，²是需要通过系数训练装置训练才能得到的参数。可选地，所述第二多项式可以是任意通用的非线性多项式，如 Volterra多项式、 DDR多项式等，若釆用 DDR多项式，贝' J: m=0 m=0 where M ^iq is the order of the memory effect of the IQ predistortion module, and is related to the degree of imbalance of the IQ modulator with frequency variation, s(n) represents the input signal, s(nm) represents The original input signal is shifted back by m sample points, the "*" sign indicates that the complex number is conjugated, and ^a and ^a , ² are parameters that need to be trained by the coefficient training device. Optionally, the second polynomial may be any general nonlinear polynomial, such as a Volterra polynomial, a DDR polynomial, etc., if a DDR polynomial is used, B'J:

(P-l)/2 M (P-l)/2 M

x(n)= ∑ ∑ _2p+ (i)ls(n)l^2p s(n-l) x(n)= ∑ ∑ _2p+ (i)ls(n)l ^2p s(nl)

p-0 i-0 P-0 i-0

(P-l)/2 M (P-l)/2 M

+ ∑ X_g2p+1,₂(i)|_S(_n)|^2(P_1V(_n— l)s*(n— i) + ∑ X _g2p+1 , ₂ (i)| _S ( _n )| ^2(P_1 V( _n — l)s*(n— i)

p-1 i-1 P-1 i-1

(P-l)/2 M (P-l)/2 M

+ ∑ ∑g_2p+u(i)|_S(_n)r (_n)|_S(n- i)|² + ∑ ∑g _2p+ u(i)| _S ( _n )r ( _n )| _S (n- i)| ²

p-1 i-1

如下所述的记忆多项式同样适用：

其中， P是非线性的阶数， M是记忆的阶数， _s(n)表示第 _n个釆样点的符号， s(n-l)表示第 n-1个釆样点的符号， "*"号表示对复数取共轭，系数 ^§2Ρ⁺¹Ί、 ^G2P⁺¹'²、 P-1 i-1

Memory polynomials as described below also apply:

Where P is a non-linear order, M is the order of memory, _s (n) represents the sign of the _nth sample point, and s(nl) represents the sign of the n-1th sample point, "*" Indicates that the complex number is conjugate, and the coefficients are ^§2 Ρ ⁺¹ Ί, ^G2 P ⁺¹ ' ² ,

^p-¹等需要通过系数训练装置训练得到。 ^p- ¹ and so on need to be trained by the coefficient training device.

在进行 IQ不平衡训练时，所述第一训练单元 200具体用于： When the IQ imbalance training is performed, the first training unit 200 is specifically configured to:

根据所述第一多项式，计算得到一个 jxk的第一矩阵；其中， j 为所述 IQ不平衡训练序列的长度， k为所述第一多项式中用于求和的项数； Calculating, according to the first polynomial, a first matrix of jxk; wherein j is a length of the IQ imbalance training sequence, and k is a number of terms used in the first polynomial for summation;

具体地，可针对 n和 m的不同取值，计算 s(n-m)和（ s (n-m) ) *的值。然后把所得的值组成矩阵为 j xk的矩阵，其中， j的值可根据已知的 IQ不平衡序列得到， k的值则为 2(M^iq+l)。 Specifically, the values of s(nm) and (s(nm))* can be calculated for different values of n and m. The resulting values are then grouped into a matrix of j xk, where the value of j can be obtained from a known IQ imbalance sequence, and the value of k is 2 (M ^iq + l).

所述第二训练单元 300具体用于： The second training unit 300 is specifically configured to:

PA非线性不平衡训练序列的长度， y为所述第二多项式中用于求和的项数；根据所述第二矩阵以及所述 PA非线性训练序列计算得到所述第二多项式的系数，作为 PA校正系数。 The length of the PA nonlinear imbalance training sequence, y is the number of terms used in the second polynomial for summation; Calculating coefficients of the second polynomial according to the second matrix and the PA nonlinear training sequence as PA correction coefficients.

而在得到 IQ校正系数和 PA校正系数之后，当需要发射有用信息数据序列时，预失真模块便可以对有用信息数据序列进行良好的校正。 After obtaining the IQ correction coefficient and the PA correction coefficient, the predistortion module can perform a good correction on the useful information data sequence when the useful information data sequence needs to be transmitted.

需要说明的是，以上同步单元 100、第一训练单元 200以及第二训练单元 It should be noted that the above synchronization unit 100, the first training unit 200, and the second training unit

300可以独立存在，也可以集成设置，且以上系数训练装置实施例中同步单元 100、第一训练单元 200或第二训练单元 300可以以硬件的形式独立于系数训练装置的处理器单独设置，且设置形式可以是微处理器的形式；也可以以硬件形式内嵌于系数训练装置的处理器中，还可以以软件形式存储于系数训练装置的存储器中，以便于系数训练装置的处理器调用执行以上同步单元 100、第一训练单元 200或第二训练单元 300对应的操作。 300 may exist independently or may be integrated, and the synchronization unit 100, the first training unit 200 or the second training unit 300 in the above coefficient training device embodiment may be separately set in hardware form independently of the processor of the coefficient training device, and The setting form may be in the form of a microprocessor; it may also be embedded in the processor of the coefficient training device in hardware form, or may be stored in the memory of the coefficient training device in software, so that the processor of the coefficient training device can execute the call. The operations corresponding to the synchronization unit 100, the first training unit 200, or the second training unit 300.

例如，在本发明系数训练装置的第一实施例（图 1所示的实施例）中，第一训练单元 200可以为系数训练装置的处理器，而同步单元 100和第二训练单元 300的功能可以内嵌于该处理器中，也可以独立于处理器单独设置，也可以以软件的形式存储于存储器中，由处理器调用实现其功能。当然，同步单元 100可以和第一训练单元 100集成设置，也可以独立设置，或者还可以作为系数训练装置的接口电路，独立设置或集成设置。本发明实施例不做任何限制。以上处理器可以为中央处理单元（CPU )、微处理器、单片机等。 For example, in the first embodiment of the coefficient training device of the present invention (the embodiment shown in FIG. 1), the first training unit 200 may be a processor of the coefficient training device, and the functions of the synchronization unit 100 and the second training unit 300 It can be embedded in the processor, or it can be set separately from the processor, or it can be stored in the memory in the form of software, and its function can be called by the processor. Of course, the synchronization unit 100 can be integrated with the first training unit 100, or can be set independently, or can also be used as an interface circuit of the coefficient training device, independently set or integrated. The embodiment of the invention does not impose any limitation. The above processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a single chip microcomputer or the like.

在本实施例中，通过在不同时段内控制预失真模块的工作状态，并配合不同的训练序列，无需改变现有 PA非线性校正的基本架构，便能同时考虑随频率变化的 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性，并依次训练得到 IQ校正系数和 PA校正系数，节省了对发射通道校正的硬件成本，同时又可以对整个发送通道中的非线性进行刻画，复杂度大大降低。 In this embodiment, by controlling the working state of the predistortion module in different time periods and matching different training sequences, the IQ imbalance with frequency variation can be considered simultaneously without changing the basic architecture of the existing PA nonlinear correction. The PA is nonlinear, and the IQ correction coefficient and the PA correction coefficient are sequentially trained to save the hardware cost of the correction of the transmission channel, and at the same time, the nonlinearity in the entire transmission channel can be characterized, and the complexity is greatly reduced.

请参照图 3，为本发明系数训练装置的第二实施例的组成示意图，在本实施例中，所述装置包括： Referring to FIG. 3, it is a schematic diagram of a composition of a second embodiment of a coefficient training device according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the device includes:

输入装置 110、输出装置 120、存储器 130、处理器 140以及总线，所述输入装置 110、输出装置 120、存储器 130以及处理器 140与所述总线连接，其中： An input device 110, an output device 120, a memory 130, a processor 140, and a bus, the input device 110, the output device 120, the memory 130, and the processor 140 are connected to the bus, wherein:

所述存储器 130用于存储程序，所述处理器 140用于调用所述程序进行以下步骤： The memory 130 is configured to store a program, and the processor 140 is configured to invoke the program to perform Next steps:

其中，所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。 The synchronization sequence is a pseudo-random sequence that is insensitive to IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity and has an autocorrelation property, and the IQ imbalance training sequence and the PA nonlinear training sequence have the same waveform characteristics as the useful information data sequence. .

可选地，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于所述处理器调整所述功率回退模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区；所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于所述处理器调整所述功率回退模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 Optionally, a first time interval exists between the first time period and the second time period, where the first time interval is used by the processor to adjust the working state of the power back-off module to increase power back-off, Having the power amplifier on the transmit channel operate in a linear region; a second time interval exists between the second time period and the third time period, the second time interval being used by the processor to adjust the power back The retreat module is in an operating state that reduces power back-off so that the power amplifier on the transmit channel operates in a saturation region.

可选地，所述预失真模块包括级联的 PA预失真单元和 IQ预失真单元，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，且所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 Optionally, the predistortion module includes a cascaded PA predistortion unit and an IQ predistortion unit, the working state of the predistortion module is switched by a switch on a sequence transmission line, and the predistortion module is performing IQ pre The distortion processing is performed based on the first polynomial, and is performed based on the second polynomial when the PA pre-distortion processing is performed.

在训练 IQ校正系数时，所述处理器 140具体用于： When training the IQ correction coefficients, the processor 140 is specifically configured to:

根据所述第一多项式，计算得到一个 j x k的第一矩阵；其中， j 为所述 IQ不平衡训练序列的长度， k为所述第一多项式中用于求和的项数；根据所述第一矩阵以及所述 IQ不平衡训练序列计算得到所述第一多项式的系数，作为 IQ校正系数； Calculating a first matrix of jxk according to the first polynomial; wherein j is the The length of the IQ imbalance training sequence, k is the number of terms used in the first polynomial for summation; calculating the first polynomial according to the first matrix and the IQ imbalance training sequence Coefficient, as the IQ correction factor;

可选地，在训练 PA校正系数时，所述处理器 140具体用于： Optionally, when training the PA correction coefficient, the processor 140 is specifically configured to:

请参照图 4，为本发明系数训练方法的第一实施例的流程示意图，在本实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤： Referring to FIG. 4, it is a schematic flowchart of a first embodiment of a coefficient training method according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the method includes the following steps:

S401，在第一时段内接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的同步序列，确定训练序列的起始位置。 S401: Receive a synchronization sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmit channel in a first time period to determine a starting position of the training sequence.

S402，在第二时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 IQ不平衡训练序列，训练 IQ校正系数，将得到的 IQ校正系数发送至所述预失真模。 S402. Receive an IQ imbalance training sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmit channel in a second time period, train an IQ correction coefficient, and send the obtained IQ correction coefficient to the predistortion mode. .

其中，在所述第二时段内，所述预失真模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述 IQ训练序列；所述功率回退调整模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区。 The pre-distortion module is in a silent state, and is only used to transmit the IQ training sequence; the power back-off adjustment module is in an operating state of increasing power back-off, so that the transmitting The power amplifier on the channel operates in the linear region.

S403，在第三时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块。 S403. Receive a PA nonlinear training sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmitting channel, train the PA correction coefficient, and send the obtained PA correction coefficient to the predistortion module. .

其中，在所述第三时段内，所述预失真模块处于 IQ预失真的工作状态，用于对所述 PA非线性训练序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退调整模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 In the third time period, the pre-distortion module is in an IQ pre-distortion working state, and is configured to perform IQ pre-distortion processing on the PA non-linear training sequence, and output the power back-off adjustment module. The power back-off operating state is such that the power amplifier on the transmit channel operates in a saturation region.

所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。 The synchronization sequence is a pseudo-random sequence that is insensitive to IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity and has an autocorrelation property, and both the IQ imbalance training sequence and the PA nonlinear training sequence have the same waveform characteristics as the useful information data sequence.

请参照图 5，为本发明系数训练方法的第二实施例的流程示意图；在本实施例中，所述方法包括以下步骤： Referring to FIG. 5, it is a schematic flowchart of a second embodiment of a coefficient training method according to the present invention. In this embodiment, the method includes the following steps:

S501，在第一时段内接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的同步序列，确定训练序列的起始位置。 S501. Receive a synchronization sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmit channel in a first time period to determine a starting position of the training sequence.

S502，在第二时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 IQ不平衡训练序列。 S502. Receive an IQ imbalance training sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmit channel in a second time period.

5503, 根据所述第一多项式，计算得到一个 j x k的第一矩阵。 5503. Calculate, according to the first polynomial, a first matrix of j x k .

其中， j为所述 IQ不平衡训练序列的长度， k为所述第一多项式中用于求和的项数。 Where j is the length of the IQ imbalance training sequence and k is the number of terms used in the first polynomial for summation.

5504, 根据所述第一矩阵以及所述 IQ不平衡训练序列计算得到所述第一多项式的系数，作为 IQ校正系数。 S504: Calculate coefficients of the first polynomial according to the first matrix and the IQ imbalance training sequence as IQ correction coefficients.

5505, 将得到的 IQ校正系数发送至所述预失真模块。 5505. Send the obtained IQ correction coefficient to the predistortion module.

S506,在第三时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列。 S506. Receive a PA nonlinear training sequence transmitted by the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmit channel in a third time period.

S507, 根据所述第二多项式，计算得到一个 XX y的第二矩阵。 S507. Calculate a second matrix of XX y according to the second polynomial.

其中， X为所述 PA非线性不平衡训练序列的长度， y为所述第二多项式中用于求和的项数。 Where X is the length of the PA nonlinear imbalance training sequence, and y is the number of terms used in the second polynomial for summation.

S508, 根据所述第二矩阵以及所述 PA非线性训练序列计算得到所述第二多项式的系数，作为 PA校正系数。 S508. Calculate, according to the second matrix and the PA nonlinear training sequence, a coefficient of the second polynomial as a PA correction coefficient.

S509, 将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块。 S509. Send the obtained PA correction coefficient to the predistortion module.

请参照图 6，为本发明系数训练***的第一实施例的组成示意图；在本实施例中，所述***包括： 6 is a schematic diagram of the composition of the first embodiment of the coefficient training system of the present invention; in this embodiment, the system includes:

预失真模块 10、功率回退调整模块 20、功率放大器 30和系数训练装置 40，所述功率放大器 30用于放大发射信号的功率； Predistortion module 10, power back adjustment module 20, power amplifier 30 and coefficient training device 40, the power amplifier 30 is used to amplify the power of the transmitted signal;

在第一时间段内，所述预失真模块 10用于接收同步序列，对所述同步序列进行 IQ预失真处理和 PA预失真处理后输出或直接输出；所述功率回退调整模块 20处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述预失真模块 10输出后的同步序列；所述系数训练装置 40用于根据所述同步序列确定训练序列的起始位置； In the first time period, the pre-distortion module 10 is configured to receive a synchronization sequence, perform IQ pre-distortion processing and PA pre-distortion processing on the synchronization sequence, and output or directly output; the power back-off adjustment module 20 is in silence. The state is only used to transmit the synchronization sequence after the output of the predistortion module 10; the coefficient training device 40 is configured to determine a starting position of the training sequence according to the synchronization sequence;

在第二时间段内，所述预失真模块 10用于接收 IQ不平衡训练序列并直接输出；所述功率回退调整模块 20用于增加所述功率放大器 30的功率回退，以使所述功率放大器 30工作于线性区；所述系数训练装置 40用于接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块 10和功率回退调整模块 20传输的 IQ不平衡训练序列，训练 IQ校正系数，将得到的 IQ校正系数发送至所述预失真模块 10; The second pre-distortion module 10 is configured to receive an IQ imbalance training sequence and output the same; the power back-off adjustment module 20 is configured to increase a power back-off of the power amplifier 30, so that the The power amplifier 30 operates in a linear region; the coefficient training device 40 is configured to receive an IQ imbalance training sequence transmitted through the predistortion module 10 and the power backoff adjustment module 20 on the transmit channel, train the IQ correction coefficient, and obtain the IQ. Correction coefficient is sent to the predistortion module 10;

在第三时间段内，所述预失真模块 10用于接收 PA非线性训练序列，对所述同步序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退模块 20用于减少所述功率放大器 30的功率回退，以使所述功率放大器 30工作于饱和区；所述系数训练装置 40用于接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块 10和功率回退调整模块 20传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块 10。 In the third time period, the pre-distortion module 10 is configured to receive a PA non-linear training sequence, perform IQ pre-distortion processing on the synchronization sequence, and output the power; the power back-off module 20 is configured to reduce the power amplifier 30. Power back-off to operate the power amplifier 30 in a saturation region; the coefficient training device 40 is configured to receive PA nonlinear training transmitted by the pre-distortion module 10 and the power back-off adjustment module 20 on the transmit channel The sequence, the PA correction coefficient is trained, and the obtained PA correction coefficient is sent to the predistortion module 10.

可选地，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于所述功率回退模块 20增加所述功率放大器 30的功率回退，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器 30工作于线性区；所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于所述功率回退模块 20减少所述功率放大器 30的功率回退，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器 30工作于饱和区。 Optionally, a first time interval exists between the first time period and the second time period, where the first time interval is used by the power backoff module 20 to increase the power backoff of the power amplifier 30, so that The power amplifier 30 on the transmit channel operates in a linear region; a second time interval exists between the second time period and the third time period, and the second time interval is used by the power backoff module 20 to reduce the The power of the power amplifier 30 is backed off to operate the power amplifier 30 on the transmit channel in the saturation region.

可选地，所述预失真模块 10包括级联的 PA预失真单元和 IQ预失真单元，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，且所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 Optionally, the predistortion module 10 includes a cascaded PA predistortion unit and an IQ predistortion unit, the working state of the predistortion module is switched by a switch on a sequence transmission line, and the predistortion module is performing IQ The predistortion processing is performed based on the first polynomial, and is performed based on the second polynomial when the PA predistortion processing is performed.

可选地，所述系数训练装置 40具体用于：根据所述第一多项式，计算得到一个 j x k的第一矩阵；其中， j 为所述 IQ不平衡训练序列的长度， k为所述第一多项式中用于求和的项数； Optionally, the coefficient training device 40 is specifically configured to: Calculating, according to the first polynomial, a first matrix of jxk; wherein j is a length of the IQ imbalance training sequence, and k is a number of terms used in the first polynomial for summation;

当得到 IQ校正系数和 PA校正系数之后，所述预失真模块 10还用于接收有用信息数据序列，对所述有用信息数据序列进行 IQ预失真处理和 PA预失真处理后输出。 After obtaining the IQ correction coefficient and the PA correction coefficient, the predistortion module 10 is further configured to receive a sequence of useful information data, perform IQ predistortion processing and PA pre-distortion processing on the useful information data sequence, and output.

请参照图 7，为本发明系数训练***的第二实施例的组成示意图。在本实施例中，所述***包括： Please refer to FIG. 7, which is a schematic diagram of the composition of the second embodiment of the coefficient training system of the present invention. In this embodiment, the system includes:

预失真模块 10、功率回退调整模块 20、功率放大器 30、系数训练装置 40、数模转换模块 50、 IQ调制模块 60、本振模块 70、低通滤波模块 80以及数模转换模块 90，所述功率放大器 30用于放大发射信号的功率； Pre-distortion module 10, power back-off adjustment module 20, power amplifier 30, coefficient training device 40, digital-to-analog conversion module 50, IQ modulation module 60, local oscillator module 70, low-pass filter module 80, and digital-to-analog conversion module 90, The power amplifier 30 is used to amplify the power of the transmitted signal;

在第三时间段内，所述预失真模块 10用于接收 PA非线性训练序列，对所述同步序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退模块 20用于减少所述功率放大器 30的功率回退，以使所述功率放大器 30工作于饱和区；所述系数训练装置 40用于接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块 10和功率回退调整模块 20传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块 10。 In the third time period, the pre-distortion module 10 is configured to receive a PA non-linear training sequence, perform IQ pre-distortion processing on the synchronization sequence, and output the power; the power back-off module 20 is configured to reduce the power amplifier 30. Power back-off to operate the power amplifier 30 in a saturation region; the coefficient training device 40 is configured to receive PA nonlinear training transmitted by the pre-distortion module 10 and the power back-off adjustment module 20 on the transmit channel Sequence, training PA correction factor, the resulting PA correction coefficient Sended to the predistortion module 10.

所述数模转换模块 50用于所述预失真模块 10输出的信号进行数模转换处理； The digital-to-analog conversion module 50 is configured to perform digital-to-analog conversion processing on the signal output by the pre-distortion module 10;

所述 IQ调制模块 60用于对所述数模转换模块输出的信号进行 IQ调制；所述本振模块 70用于将产生高频电磁波与接收的信号进行混合；此处的接收的信号是由所述功率放大器 30的输出信号耦合得到， 1/G表示耦合时的衰减。 The IQ modulation module 60 is configured to perform IQ modulation on a signal output by the digital-to-analog conversion module. The local oscillator module 70 is configured to mix high-frequency electromagnetic waves with received signals. The received signal here is The output signal of the power amplifier 30 is coupled, and 1/G represents the attenuation at the time of coupling.

所述低通滤波模块 80用于对所述本振模块 70输出的信号进行低通滤波处理； The low pass filtering module 80 is configured to perform low pass filtering processing on the signal output by the local oscillator module 70;

所述模数转换模块 90用于对所述低通滤波模块输出的信号进行模数转换处理； The analog-to-digital conversion module 90 is configured to perform analog-to-digital conversion processing on the signal output by the low-pass filter module.

所述系数训练装置 40还用于将训练后的信号输出至减法器与发射通道上原始输入信号 s(n)想减得到 e(n)，从而得知所述系数训练装置输出信号与原始输入信号之间的差别。 The coefficient training device 40 is further configured to output the trained signal to the subtractor and the original input signal s(n) on the transmitting channel to reduce e(n), so as to know the coefficient training device output signal and the original input. The difference between the signals.

通过本实施例所述的***，可利用和 PA非线性校正训练相同的硬件*** 来对发送 IQ不平衡校正进行训练，减少硬件成本。 With the system described in this embodiment, the same hardware system as the PA nonlinear correction training can be used to train the IQ imbalance correction, reducing hardware costs.

对较低射频的模块化射频***，可以对 IQ调制器和 PA分别进行测试和校正，但对超高频***，发射机一般具有很高的集成度，通常对 IQ调制器和功放分别进行测试和校正非常困难，本发明实施例所述的***考虑了 PA的预失真和发送随频率变化的 IQ不平衡的校正，特别适用于高集成度的超高频射频发射机的校正。 For lower RF modular RF systems, the IQ modulator and PA can be tested and calibrated separately, but for UHF systems, the transmitter is generally highly integrated, and the IQ modulator and amplifier are typically tested separately. The calibration and the calibration are very difficult. The system according to the embodiment of the present invention considers the predistortion of the PA and the correction of the IQ imbalance of the transmission variation with frequency, and is particularly suitable for the correction of the highly integrated UHF radio transmitter.

本发明实施例还公开了一种基站，包括如本发明系数训练***第一和第二任一实施例所述的系数训练***。 The embodiment of the present invention further discloses a base station comprising the coefficient training system according to any one of the first and second embodiments of the coefficient training system of the present invention.

需要说明的是，本发明所提的系数训练装置、方法及***对 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性的联合校正和通信制式无关，既能用于单载波***又能用于 OFDM ***，且所提的系数训练装置、方法及***可用于基站之间的通信，也可用于基站与终端之间的通信。对高集成度的超高频超宽带***，由于中频可能没有可以测量的输出端口，因此本发明对高集成度的超高频超宽带***的发射校正具有明显的优势。本说明书中的各个实施例均釆用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其它实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。对于装置实施例而言，由于其与方法实施例基本相似，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。 It should be noted that the coefficient training apparatus, method and system of the present invention are independent of the joint correction and communication system of IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity, and can be used for both a single carrier system and an OFDM system, and The coefficient training apparatus, method and system can be used for communication between base stations, and can also be used for communication between a base station and a terminal. For the highly integrated UHF UWB system, since the intermediate frequency may have no output port that can be measured, the present invention has obvious advantages for the emission correction of the highly integrated UHF UWB system. The various embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device embodiment, since it is basically similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method embodiment.

通过上述实施例的描述，本发明具有以下优点： Through the description of the above embodiments, the present invention has the following advantages:

通过在不同时段内控制预失真模块的工作状态，并配合不同的训练序列，无需改变现有 PA非线性校正的基本架构，便能同时考虑随频率变化的 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性，并依次训练得到 IQ校正系数和 PA校正系数，节省了对发射通道校正的硬件成本，同时又可以对整个发送通道中的非线性进行刻画，复杂度大大降低。 By controlling the working state of the predistortion module in different time periods and matching different training sequences, it is possible to simultaneously consider the IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity with frequency without changing the basic structure of the existing PA nonlinear correction. The training obtains the IQ correction coefficient and the PA correction coefficient, which saves the hardware cost of correcting the transmission channel, and at the same time can describe the nonlinearity in the entire transmission channel, and the complexity is greatly reduced.

本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成，前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中，该程序在执行时，执行包括上述方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括： ROM、 RAM, 磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。 A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above method embodiments may be completed by using hardware related to the program instructions. The foregoing program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program is executed when executed. The foregoing steps include the steps of the foregoing method embodiments; and the foregoing storage medium includes: a medium that can store program codes, such as a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

以上对本发明实施例所提供的一种系数训练装置、方法、 ***及基站进行以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。 The foregoing description of the foregoing embodiments of the coefficient training apparatus, method, system, and base station provided by the embodiments of the present invention is only for assisting in understanding the method and core idea of the present invention. Meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, based on The present invention is not limited by the scope of the present invention.

Claims

权利要求 Rights request

1、一种系数训练装置，其特征在于，包括： 1. A coefficient training device, characterized in that it includes:

同步单元，用于在第一时段内接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的同步序列，确定训练序列的起始位置；其中，在所述第一时段内，所述功率回退调整模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述同步序列； A synchronization unit, configured to receive the synchronization sequence transmitted through the pre-distortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmission channel within a first period of time, and determine the starting position of the training sequence; wherein, within the first period of time, the The power backoff adjustment module is in a silent state and is only used to transmit the synchronization sequence;

第一训练单元，用于在第二时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 IQ不平衡训练序列，训练 IQ校正系数，将得到的 IQ校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第二时段内，所述预失真模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述 IQ训练序列；所述功率回退调整模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区; 第二训练单元，用于在第三时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第三时段内，所述预失真模块处于 IQ预失真的工作状态，用于对所述 PA非线性训练序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退调整模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 The first training unit is configured to receive the IQ imbalance training sequence transmitted through the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmission channel during the second period, train the IQ correction coefficient, and send the obtained IQ correction coefficient to The pre-distortion module; wherein, during the second period, the pre-distortion module is in a silent state and is only used to transmit the IQ training sequence; the power back-off adjustment module is in a working state of increasing power back-off , so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel works in the linear region; the second training unit is used to receive the PA nonlinearity transmitted through the pre-distortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmission channel during the third period. training sequence, train the PA correction coefficient, and send the obtained PA correction coefficient to the pre-distortion module; wherein, during the third period, the pre-distortion module is in the IQ pre-distortion working state, used to perform the IQ pre-distortion The PA nonlinear training sequence is output after IQ predistortion processing; the power backoff adjustment module is in a working state of reducing power backoff, so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel works in the saturation zone.

2、如权利要求 1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the synchronization sequence is a pseudo-random sequence that is insensitive to IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity and has autocorrelation characteristics, and the IQ imbalance training sequence and PA nonlinearity are non-linear. The linear training sequence has the same waveform characteristics as the useful information data sequence.

3、如权利要求 1或 2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于调整所述功率回退模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区；所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于调整所述功率回退模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, there is a first time interval between the first period and the second period, and the first time interval is used to adjust the power backoff module in Increase the working state of the power backoff so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel operates in the linear region; there is a second time interval between the second period and the third period, and the second time interval is used for The power backoff module is adjusted to be in an operating state of reducing power backoff, so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel operates in a saturation zone.

4、如权利要求 1-3任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述预失真模块包括级联的 PA预失真单元和 IQ预失真单元，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，且所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 4. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, the predistortion module includes a cascaded PA predistortion unit and an IQ predistortion unit, and the working status of the predistortion module is transmitted through the serial transmission line The switch on the road is switched, and the predistortion module is based on the first polynomial when performing IQ predistortion processing, and is based on the second polynomial when performing PA predistortion processing.

5、如权利要求 4所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一训练单元具体用于：根据所述第一多项式，计算得到一个 j x k的第一矩阵；其中， j 为所述5. The device of claim 4, wherein the first training unit is specifically configured to: calculate a first matrix of j x k according to the first polynomial; wherein j is the

IQ不平衡训练序列的长度， k为所述第一多项式中用于求和的项数； The length of the IQ imbalance training sequence, k is the number of terms used for summation in the first polynomial;

根据所述第一矩阵以及所述 IQ不平衡训练序列计算得到所述第一多项式的系数，作为 IQ校正系数； The coefficients of the first polynomial are calculated according to the first matrix and the IQ imbalance training sequence as IQ correction coefficients;

所述第二训练单元具体用于： The second training unit is specifically used for:

根据所述第二多项式，计算得到一个 XX y的第二矩阵；其中， X 为所述 According to the second polynomial, a second matrix of XX y is calculated; where X is the

PA非线性不平衡训练序列的长度， y为所述第二多项式中用于求和的项数；根据所述第二矩阵以及所述 PA非线性训练序列计算得到所述第二多项式的系数，作为 PA校正系数。 The length of the PA nonlinear unbalanced training sequence, y is the number of terms used for summation in the second polynomial; the second polynomial is calculated according to the second matrix and the PA nonlinear training sequence The coefficient of the formula is used as the PA correction coefficient.

6、一种系数训练装置，其特征在于，包括： 6. A coefficient training device, characterized in that it includes:

输入装置、输出装置、存储器、处理器以及总线，所述输入装置、输出装置、存储器以及处理器与所述总线连接，其中： Input device, output device, memory, processor and bus, the input device, output device, memory and processor are connected to the bus, where:

所述存储器用于存储程序，所述处理器用于调用所述程序进行以下步骤：在第一时段内接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的同步序列，确定训练序列的起始位置；其中，在所述第一时段内，所述功率回退调整模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述同步序列； The memory is used to store a program, and the processor is used to call the program to perform the following steps: receive the synchronization sequence transmitted through the pre-distortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmission channel within the first period, and determine the training sequence Starting position; wherein, during the first period, the power backoff adjustment module is in a silent state and is only used to transmit the synchronization sequence;

在第二时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 IQ不平衡训练序列，训练 IQ校正系数，将得到的 IQ校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第二时段内，所述预失真模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述 IQ训练序列；所述功率回退调整模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区； Receive the IQ imbalance training sequence transmitted through the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmission channel during the second period, train the IQ correction coefficient, and send the obtained IQ correction coefficient to the predistortion module; wherein , during the second period, the pre-distortion module is in a silent state and is only used to transmit the IQ training sequence; the power backoff adjustment module is in a working state of increasing power backoff, so that the transmission channel The power amplifier works in the linear region;

在第三时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第三时段内，所述预失真模块处于 IQ预失真的工作状态，用于对所述 PA非线性训练序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退调整模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 Receive the PA nonlinear training sequence transmitted through the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmission channel during the third period, train the PA correction coefficient, and send the obtained PA correction coefficient to the predistortion module; wherein, during the third period, the predistortion module is in the IQ predistortion working state, and is used to perform IQ predistortion processing on the PA nonlinear training sequence and output it; The power backoff adjustment module is in a working state of reducing power backoff so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel operates in a saturation zone.

7、如权利要求 6所述的装置，其特征在于，所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the synchronization sequence is a pseudo-random sequence that is insensitive to IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity and has autocorrelation characteristics, and the IQ imbalance training sequence and PA nonlinearity are The linear training sequence has the same waveform characteristics as the useful information data sequence.

8、如权利要求 6或 7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于所述处理器调整所述功率回退模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区；所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于所述处理器调整所述功率回退模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 8. The device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein there is a first time interval between the first period and the second period, and the first time interval is used for the processor to adjust the power. The rollback module is in an operating state of increasing power rollback so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel operates in a linear region; there is a second time interval between the second period and the third period, and the second The time interval is used by the processor to adjust the power backoff module to an operating state of reducing power backoff, so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel operates in a saturation zone.

9、如权利要求 6-8任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述预失真模块包括级联的 PA预失真单元和 IQ预失真单元，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，且所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 9. The device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the predistortion module includes a cascaded PA predistortion unit and an IQ predistortion unit, and the working status of the predistortion module is transmitted through a serial transmission line The switch on the road is switched, and the predistortion module is based on the first polynomial when performing IQ predistortion processing, and is based on the second polynomial when performing PA predistortion processing.

10、如权利要求 19所述的装置，其特征在于，在训练 IQ校正系数时，所述处理器具体用于： 10. The device of claim 19, wherein when training the IQ correction coefficient, the processor is specifically configured to:

根据所述第一多项式，计算得到一个 j x k的第一矩阵；其中， j 为所述 IQ不平衡训练序列的长度， k为所述第一多项式中用于求和的项数； According to the first polynomial, a first matrix of j x k is calculated; where j is the length of the IQ imbalance training sequence, and k is the number of terms used for summation in the first polynomial;

在训练 PA校正系数时，所述处理器具体用于： When training the PA correction coefficient, the processor is specifically used to:

根据所述第二多项式，计算得到一个 XX y的第二矩阵；其中， X 为所述 PA非线性不平衡训练序列的长度， y为所述第二多项式中用于求和的项数；根据所述第二矩阵以及所述 PA非线性训练序列计算得到所述第二多项式的系数，作为 PA校正系数。 According to the second polynomial, a second matrix of XX y is calculated; where, number of items; The coefficients of the second polynomial are calculated according to the second matrix and the PA nonlinear training sequence as PA correction coefficients.

11、一种系数训练方法，其特征在于，包括： 11. A coefficient training method, characterized by including:

在第一时段内接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的同步序列，确定训练序列的起始位置；其中，在所述第一时段内，所述功率回退调整模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述同步序列； Receive the synchronization sequence transmitted through the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmission channel during the first period, and determine the starting position of the training sequence; wherein, during the first period, the power backoff adjustment module In a silent state, it is only used to transmit the synchronization sequence;

在第三时段内接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块；其中，在所述第三时段内，所述预失真模块处于 IQ预失真的工作状态，用于对所述 PA非线性训练序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退调整模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 Receive the PA nonlinear training sequence transmitted through the predistortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmission channel during the third period, train the PA correction coefficient, and send the obtained PA correction coefficient to the predistortion module; wherein , during the third period, the predistortion module is in the IQ predistortion working state, and is used to perform IQ predistortion processing on the PA nonlinear training sequence and output it; the power backoff adjustment module is in the power reduction state. Return to the working state so that the power amplifier on the transmitting channel works in the saturation region.

12、如权利要求 11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the synchronization sequence is a pseudo-random sequence that is insensitive to IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity and has autocorrelation characteristics, and the IQ imbalance training sequence and PA nonlinearity are non-linear. The linear training sequence has the same waveform characteristics as the useful information data sequence.

13、如权利要求 11或 12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于调整所述功率回退模块处于增加功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区; 所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于调整所述功率回退模块处于减少功率回退的工作状态，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 13. The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein there is a first time interval between the first period and the second period, and the first time interval is used to adjust the power backoff module in Increase the working state of the power backoff so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel operates in the linear region; there is a second time interval between the second period and the third period, and the second time interval is used for The power backoff module is adjusted to be in an operating state of reducing power backoff, so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel operates in a saturation zone.

14、如权利要求 11-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述预失真模块包括级联的 PA预失真单元和 IQ预失真单元，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，且所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the predistortion module includes a cascaded PA predistortion unit and an IQ predistortion unit, and the working status of the predistortion module is transmitted through a serial transmission line The switch on the road is switched, and the predistortion module is based on the first polynomial when performing IQ predistortion processing, and is based on the second polynomial when performing PA predistortion processing.

15、如权利要求 14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述训练 IQ校正系数，包括： 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the training IQ correction coefficient includes:

16、一种系数训练***，其特征在于，包括： 16. A coefficient training system, characterized by including:

预失真模块、功率回退调整模块、功率放大器和系数训练装置，所述功率放大器用于放大发射信号的功率； Predistortion module, power backoff adjustment module, power amplifier and coefficient training device, the power amplifier is used to amplify the power of the transmitted signal;

在第一时间段内，所述预失真模块用于接收同步序列，对所述同步序列进行 IQ预失真处理和 PA预失真处理后输出或直接输出；所述功率回退调整模块处于静默状态，仅用于传输所述预失真模块输出后的同步序列；所述系数训练装置用于根据所述同步序列确定训练序列的起始位置； In the first period of time, the predistortion module is used to receive a synchronization sequence, perform IQ predistortion processing and PA predistortion processing on the synchronization sequence and then output or directly output; the power backoff adjustment module is in a silent state, It is only used to transmit the synchronization sequence output by the pre-distortion module; the coefficient training device is used to determine the starting position of the training sequence according to the synchronization sequence;

在第二时间段内，所述预失真模块用于接收 IQ不平衡训练序列并直接输出；所述功率回退调整模块用于增加所述功率放大器的功率回退，以使所述功率放大器工作于线性区；所述系数训练装置用于接收通过发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 IQ不平衡训练序列，训练 IQ校正系数，将得到的 IQ校正系数发送至所述预失真模块； In the second time period, the predistortion module is used to receive the IQ imbalance training sequence and output it directly; the power backoff adjustment module is used to increase the power backoff of the power amplifier to make the power amplifier work. in the linear region; the coefficient training device is used to receive the IQ imbalance training sequence transmitted through the pre-distortion module and the power backoff adjustment module on the transmission channel, train the IQ correction coefficient, and send the obtained IQ correction coefficient to the pre-distortion module distortion module;

在第三时间段内，所述预失真模块用于接收 PA非线性训练序列，对所述同步序列进行 IQ预失真处理后输出；所述功率回退模块用于减少所述功率放大器的功率回退，以使所述功率放大器工作于饱和区；所述系数训练装置用于接收通过所述发射通道上的预失真模块和功率回退调整模块传输的 PA非线性训练序列，训练 PA校正系数，将得到的 PA校正系数发送至所述预失真模块。 In the third time period, the predistortion module is used to receive the PA nonlinear training sequence, and The synchronization sequence is output after IQ predistortion processing; the power backoff module is used to reduce the power backoff of the power amplifier so that the power amplifier works in the saturation zone; the coefficient training device is used to receive the The predistortion module and power backoff adjustment module on the transmission channel transmit the PA nonlinear training sequence, train the PA correction coefficient, and send the obtained PA correction coefficient to the predistortion module.

17、如权利要求 16所述的***，其特征在于，所述同步序列为对 IQ不平衡和 PA非线性不敏感且具备自相关特性的伪随机序列，所述 IQ不平衡训练序列和 PA非线性训练序列均和有用信息数据序列的波形特性相同。 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the synchronization sequence is a pseudo-random sequence that is insensitive to IQ imbalance and PA nonlinearity and has autocorrelation properties, and the IQ imbalance training sequence and PA nonlinearity are non-linear. The linear training sequence has the same waveform characteristics as the useful information data sequence.

18、如权利要求 16或 17所述的***，其特征在于，所述第一时段和第二时段之间存在第一时间间隔，所述第一时间间隔用于所述功率回退模块增加所述功率放大器的功率回退，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于线性区；所述第二时段和所述第三时段之间存在第二时间间隔，所述第二时间间隔用于所述功率回退模块减少所述功率放大器的功率回退，以使所述发射通道上的功率放大器工作于饱和区。 18. The system of claim 16 or 17, wherein there is a first time interval between the first period and the second period, and the first time interval is used for the power backoff module to increase the The power amplifier backs off so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel operates in the linear region; there is a second time interval between the second period and the third period, and the second time interval is used for The power backoff module reduces the power backoff of the power amplifier so that the power amplifier on the transmission channel operates in a saturation region.

19、如权利要求 16-18任一项所述的***，其特征在于，所述预失真模块包括级联的 PA预失真单元和 IQ预失真单元，所述预失真模块的工作状态通过序列传输线路上的开关进行切换，且所述预失真模块在进行 IQ预失真处理时基于第一多项式进行，在进行 PA预失真处理时基于第二多项式进行。 19. The system according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the pre-distortion module includes a cascaded PA pre-distortion unit and an IQ pre-distortion unit, and the working status of the pre-distortion module is transmitted through the serial transmission line The switch on the road is switched, and the predistortion module is based on the first polynomial when performing IQ predistortion processing, and is based on the second polynomial when performing PA predistortion processing.

20、如权利要求 19所述的***，其特征在于，所述系数训练装置具体用于： 20. The system according to claim 19, characterized in that the coefficient training device is specifically used for:

根据所述第二多项式，计算得到一个 XX y的第二矩阵；其中， X 为所述 PA非线性不平衡训练序列的长度， y为所述第二多项式中用于求和的项数；根据所述第二矩阵以及所述 PA非线性训练序列计算得到所述第二多项式的系数，作为 PA校正系数。 According to the second polynomial, a second matrix of XX y is calculated; where, Number of terms; The second polynomial is calculated according to the second matrix and the PA nonlinear training sequence The coefficient of is used as the PA correction coefficient.

21、如权利要求 16-20任一项所述的***，其特征在于，所述预失真模块还用于接收有用信息数据序列，对所述有用信息数据序列进行 IQ预失真处理和 PA预失真处理后输出。 21. The system according to any one of claims 16 to 20, characterized in that the predistortion module is also used to receive a useful information data sequence, and perform IQ predistortion processing and PA predistortion on the useful information data sequence. Output after processing.

22、一种基站，其特征在于，包括： 22. A base station, characterized by: including:

如权利要求 16-21任一项所述的系数训练***。 The coefficient training system according to any one of claims 16-21.