WO2015160489A2 - Composés bicycliques de cyclopentapyrimidine substitués ayant une activité antimitotique et/ou antitumorale et leurs méthodes d'utilisation - Google Patents

Composés bicycliques de cyclopentapyrimidine substitués ayant une activité antimitotique et/ou antitumorale et leurs méthodes d'utilisation Download PDF

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WO2015160489A2
WO2015160489A2 PCT/US2015/022871 US2015022871W WO2015160489A2 WO 2015160489 A2 WO2015160489 A2 WO 2015160489A2 US 2015022871 W US2015022871 W US 2015022871W WO 2015160489 A2 WO2015160489 A2 WO 2015160489A2
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substituted
alkyl
carbon atoms
group
halogen
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PCT/US2015/022871
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WO2015160489A3 (fr
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Aleem Gangjee
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Duquesne University Of The Holy Spirit
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Priority claimed from US14/244,445 external-priority patent/US9624178B2/en
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Priority to JP2016559903A priority Critical patent/JP6532887B2/ja
Priority to EP15779898.4A priority patent/EP3125897A4/fr
Priority to CA2944450A priority patent/CA2944450C/fr
Publication of WO2015160489A2 publication Critical patent/WO2015160489A2/fr
Publication of WO2015160489A3 publication Critical patent/WO2015160489A3/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
    • C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to bicyclic heteroaromatic compounds and their methods of use and, more particularly, to bicyclic heteroaromatic compounds that are antitumor agents that inhibit the function of microtubules (antimitotic agents or mitotic inhibitors) and that have antitumor activity.
  • These bicyclic heteroaromatic compounds inhibit P-glycoprotein (Pgp) infected tumor cells, and inhibit paclitaxel sensitive and resistant tumor cells.
  • the compounds may be made into acid salts that are water soluble for providing orally active antitumor agents.
  • Mitosis is the process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells that produces two daughter cells from one parent cell.
  • the daughter cells and the original parent cell have identical chromosomes and DNA.
  • cancer is a disease of mitosis. It is believed that cancer begins when a single cell is converted from a normal cell to a cancer cell, this is often due to a change in function of one or more genes that normally function to control cell growth.
  • the cancer cells proliferate by repeated, and uncontrolled mitosis, in contrast to normal cells which undergo only about 20 to 50 generations of replication and then cease.
  • a tumor may be thought of a mass of unhealthy cells that are dividing and growing in an uncontrolled way.
  • Microtubules are long, protein polymers that are hollow, tube-like filaments found in certain cell components such as the mitotic spindle. Each microtubule is composed of repeating subunits of the protein tubulin. Microtubules aggregate to form spindle fibers. During mitosis, cells use their spindle fibers to line up chromosomes, make copies of them, and divide into new cells with each new daughter cells having a single set of chromosomes. The polymerization dynamics of microtubules play a pivotal role in this process as part of cell replication. The crucial involvement of microtubules in mitosis makes them a target for antitumor agents. Antitumor agents that inhibit the function of microtubules are known as antimitotic agents.
  • antimitotic agents are known.
  • One such class is the vinca alkaloids exemplified by vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine, and vinorelbine.
  • the vinca alkaloids are used in the treatment of leukemias, lymphomas, and small cell lung cancer.
  • Another class of antimitotic agents are the taxanes, exemplified by paclitaxel (commercially available from Bristol-Myers Squibb Company under the tradename TAXOL ® ) and docetaxel.
  • the taxanes are useful in the treatment of breast, lung, ovarian, head and neck, and bladder carcinomas.
  • Colchicine typifies another class of antimitotic agents.
  • Colchicine while not used as an antitumor agent, is a microtubule polymerization inhibitor.
  • the combrestatins are another class of antitumor agents.
  • Antimitotic agents such as the vinca alakaloids, colchicine, colcemid, and nocadazol block mitosis by keeping the mitotic spindle from being formed. These agents bind to the tubulin and inhibit polymerization, preventing cells from making the spindles they need to move chromosomes around as they divide.
  • paclitaxel binds to the tubulin protein of microtubules, locking the microtubules in place and inhibiting their depolymerization. With the mitotic spindle still in place, a cell may not divide into daughter cells.
  • Multidrug or multiple drug resistance is a major drawback of cancer chemotherapy. Ultimate failure of chemotherapy often times occurs with the use of antimitotic agents due to MDR. MDR may be inherently expressed by some tumor types while others acquire MDR after exposure to chemotherapy.
  • P- glycoprotein Pgp
  • Pgp P- glycoprotein
  • kDa 170 kilodalton
  • Pgp has been implicated as a primary cause of MDR in tumors.
  • Pgps are efflux transporters found in the gut, gonads, kidneys, biliary system, brain, and other organs.
  • MRPs multidrug-resistance proteins
  • MRPs are associated with MDR in tumors.
  • the first MRP termed MRP1 was identified in a drug resistant lung cancer cell line that expressed Pgp. All of these transporters bind drugs within cells and release them to the extracellular space using ATP. Tumor cells pre-exposed to cytotoxic compounds often allow the cells to manifest resistance in the presence of the cytotoxic drug.
  • Overexpression of Pgp has been reported in a number of tumor types, particularly after the patient has received chemotherapy, indicating the clinical importance of Pgp in MDR. The clinical significance of Pgp along with its limited expression in normal tissues makes Pgp a viable target for inhibition to reverse MDR.
  • antimitotic agents While antimitotic agents have shown to be some of the most successful agents against malignancies, resistance, both intrinsic and acquired, often results in treatment failures. Thus, there exists a need to develop new compounds that possess antimitotic activity, anti- multidrug resistance activity, and antitumor activity, that may be used alone as a single agent in the treatment of cancer, or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, including antimitotic agents, that shall inhibit mitosis in a wide variety of cells, including cells that are subject to MDR. There is a need, therefore, for single compounds which provide the desired antimitotic, anti-multidrug resistance and antitumor activities with a high degree of selectivity and low toxicity, and that are effective inhibitors of paclitaxel sensitive and resistant tumor cells.
  • the present invention meets the above need by providing bicyclic compounds having antimitotic activity, anti-multidrug resistance activity (for example, Pgp inhibition), and antitumor activity in a single molecule so that significant drawbacks of different aspects of drug transport of two or more drugs to their targets, additive or synergistic toxicities of two or more different drugs, resistance of cancer cells to a particular drug, as well as the cost associated with two or more drugs, is circumvented.
  • the present invention provides single compounds that exhibit antimitotic activity, anti-multidrug resistance activity (for example, Pgp inhibition), and antitumor activity in tumor cells, such as, without limitation, leukemia, non- small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, central nervous system cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer; and other proliferative diseases and disorders.
  • tumor cells such as, without limitation, leukemia, non- small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, central nervous system cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer; and other proliferative diseases and disorders.
  • the present provides single compounds having a combinatorial chemotherapeutic potential of both antimitotic activity, anti-multidrug resistance activity, and antitumor activity, and which inhibit paclitaxel sensitive and resistant tumor cells.
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic, or a substituted aromatic, and (j) a hetero
  • R 3 comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R comprises one of R l5 and wherein R 7 and Rg may be the same or different and comprise one of
  • R 4 comprises one of (a) R l5 (b) a halogen, (c) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted alkyl, and (d) an alkyloxy, and wherein R is H or a lower alkyl and R 2 is H or a lower alkyl then R 4 comprises one of (a) a NR 6 R 7 , (b) a SR 6 , (c) a OR 6 , and(d) a CHR 6 R 7 , wherein R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri and R 2 ;
  • R5 comprises one of R ⁇
  • R 6 comprises one of R ⁇
  • X comprises one of (a) NR 4 , (b) an oxygen (O), and (c) a R 7 CR 4 ; and Y comprises one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 , wherein R 6 comprises one of Ri and R 3 , and wherein when Y comprises O or S then R 2 is absent.
  • the compound of Formula III as described herein comprises pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, solvates, or hydrates thereof.
  • the compound of Formula III, as described herein is provided, wherein R 5 , R 6 , and R 3 are the same moiety.
  • a further embodiment comprises wherein the compounds are pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, solvates, or hydrates thereof.
  • the compound of Formula III as described herein, is provided, wherein R 7 , R 4 , R 6 , and R5 are each a moiety comprising one of Ri.
  • a further embodiment comprises wherein the compounds are pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, solvates, or hydrates thereof.
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic, or a substituted aromatic, and (j) a hetero
  • R 3 comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R comprises one of Ri, and wherein R 7 and R 8 may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri;
  • R 4 comprises one of (a) Ri, (b) a halogen, (c) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted alkyl, and (d) an alkyloxy, and wherein Ri is H or a lower alkyl and R 2 is H or a lower alkyl then R 4 comprises one of (a) a NR 6 R 7 , (b) a SR 6 , (c) a OR 6 , and(d) a CHR 6 R 7 , wherein R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri and R 2 ;
  • R 5 comprises one of R 1;
  • R 6 comprises one of Ri
  • X comprises one of (a) a NR 4 , (b) an oxygen (O), and (c) R 7 CR 4 ;
  • Y comprises one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 , wherein R 6 comprises one of Ri and R 3 , and wherein when Y comprises O or S then R 2 is absent
  • the compound of Formula IV comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate, or hydrate thereof.
  • the compound having Formula IV, as described herein further comprises wherein R5, R 6 , and R 3 are the same moiety.
  • the Formula IV wherein R5, R 6 , and R 3 are the same moiety comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate, or hydrate thereof.
  • the compound of Formula IV as described herein, is provided comprising wherein R 6 and R5 are the same moiety and comprise one of Ri.
  • the compound of the Formula ⁇ wherein R 6 and R5 are the same moiety comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate, or hydrate thereof.
  • a method of treating a patient having cancer comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula III, as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate, or hydrate thereof.
  • a method of treating a patient having cancer comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula IV, as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate, or hydrate thereof.
  • a method for inhibiting the mitosis of one or more cancerous cells comprising subjecting one or more live cancerous cell to a mitotic inhibitory amount of a compound of Formula III, as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate, or hydrate of the compound of Formula IIII, for effecting the inhibition of mitosis of the cancerous cell(s).
  • Another embodiment of this invention provides a method for inhibiting the mitosis of one or more cancerous cells comprising subjecting at least one live cancerous cell to a mitotic inhibitory amount of a compound of Formula IV, as described herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate, or hydrate of a compound of Formula IV, for effecting the inhibition of mitosis of the cancerous cell(s).
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and each is one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic, or a substituted aromatic, and (j) a
  • Ri and R 2 are not each hydrogen (H) when Y is N;
  • R 3 is one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R is one of Ri, and wherein R 7 and Rg may be the same or different and is one of Ri;
  • R5 is one of Ri, except when R 6 is a hydrogen (H), heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with 1-2 moieties independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, (Ci-C 4 )alkyl, (Ci-C 4 )fluoroalkyl, (Ci-C 4 )alkoxy, (Q- C 4 )alkylamine, and (Ci-C 4 )dialkylamine, then R5 is not (i) a hydrogen (H), or (ii) a phenyl group substituted at any position with a substituent selected from the group consisting of (a) a hydrogen, (b) a halogen, (c) CN, (d) OH, (e) NH 2 , (f) (Ci-C 4 )alkyl, (g) (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (h) (Ci-C 4 )fluoroal
  • R 6 is one of Ri
  • X is a carbon (C) or a CR 4 ;
  • Y is one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 7 wherein R 6 is one of Ri and R 3 except when Y is CR 6 then said R 6 is not H when Ri and R 2 are each H, and wherein when Y is O or S then R 2 is absent or is zero.
  • this invention provides for the compound of Formula III comprising pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, and solvates thereof.
  • this invention provides for a compound of Formula III, as described herein, wherein Ri is either a hydrogen or said alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and R 2 is a substituted naphthyl, or wherein R is a substituted naphthyl and R 2 is either a hydrogen or said alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms.
  • this invention provides the compound of Formula III wherein the substituted naphthyl is a methoxynaphthyl group and wherein the 5,6 bond is a single bond.
  • R and R 2 may be the same or different and comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic,or a substituted aromatic, and (j
  • R 3 comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R comprises one of R l 5 and wherein R 7 and Rg may be the same or different and comprise one of
  • R 4 comprises one of (a) R l 5 (b) a halogen, (c) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted alkyl, and (d) an alkyloxy, and wherein R is H or a lower alkyl and R 2 is H or a lower alkyl then R 4 comprises one of (a) a NR 6 R 7 , (b) a SR 6 , (c) a OR 6 , and(d) a CHR 6 R 7 , wherein R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri and R 2 ;
  • R5 comprises one of R 1 ;
  • R 6 comprises one of R ⁇
  • X is a carbon (C) or a CR 4 ; and Y comprises one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 , wherein R 6 comprises one of Ri and R 3 .
  • this invention provides for a compound of Formula IV comprising pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof.
  • this invention provides for the compound of Formula IV, as described herein, wherein Ri is either a hydrogen or said alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and R 2 is a substituted naphthyl, or wherein Ri is a substituted naphthyl and R 2 is either a hydrogen or said alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms.
  • this invention provides for a compound of Formula IV, as described herein, wherein said substituted naphthyl is a
  • Figures la, lb, and lc show the effects of various compounds of the present invention on a cancer cell line's cell cycle distribution.
  • Figure 2 shows a microtubule depolymerization immunofluorescence assay of A 10 rat smooth muscle tumor cell line following treatment with compounds of the present invention, namely, Sample IDs AAG1, AAG7, and AAG16.
  • Figure 3 shows the chemical structures of six compounds of the present invention, namely, Sample IDs AAG1, AAG7, AAG12, AAG16, AAG20, and AAG26.
  • Figure 4 shows the biological effects of the compounds of the present invention.
  • Figures 5a and 5b shows the results of the National Cancer Institute's 55 preclinical in vitro tumor screening panel evaluating a compound of the present invention, namely, Sample ID AAG1.
  • Figures 6a, 6b and 6c show individual dose response curves of percentage growth for each of the cancer cell lines set forth in Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 shows a dose response curve of percentage growth for all of the cell lines shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 8 shows mean graphs for each of the cancer types and corresponding cell lines shown in Figure 5.
  • Figure 9 shows structures of know microtubule targeting agents.
  • Figure 10 shows the results and interpretation of a NOESY study of a more preferred methoxynaphthyl substituted cyclopenta pyrimidine compound 11 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 shows the results and interpretation of a NOESY study of a more preferred methoxynaphthyl substituted cyclopenta pyrimidine compound 13 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 shows the results and interpretation of a NOESY study of a more preferred methoxynaphthyl substituted cyclopenta pyrimidine compound 14 of the present invention.
  • Figures 13 a and b show MOE (2012) simulation of the low energy conformer of the more preferred methoxynaphtyl substituted cyclopenta pyrimidine compounds 11 and 13 of the present invention.
  • DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS [0037]
  • the present invention provides bicyclic compounds having antimitotic activity, anti-multidrug resistance activity (for example, Pgp inhibition), and antitumor activity, and which inhibit paclitaxel sensitive and resistant tumor cells in a single molecule and methods of use thereof.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the Formula III:
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic, or a substituted aromatic, and (j) a hetero
  • R 3 comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R comprises one of R l5 and wherein R 7 and Rg may be the same or different and comprise one of
  • R 4 comprises one of (a) R l5 (b) a halogen, (c) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted alkyl, and (d) an alkyloxy, and wherein R is H or a lower alkyl and R 2 is H or a lower alkyl then R 4 comprises one of (a) a NR 6 R 7 , (b) a SR 6 , (c) a OR 6 , and(d) a CHR 6 R 7 , wherein R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri and R 2 ;
  • R5 comprises one of R 1;
  • R 6 comprises one of R ⁇
  • X comprises one of (a) NR 4 , (b) an oxygen (O), and (c) R 7 CR 4 ; and Y comprises one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 , wherein R 6 comprises one of Ri and R 3 , and wherein when Y comprises O or S then R 2 is absent (i.e. is zero).
  • the compound having Formula III further comprises wherein R 5 , R 6 , and R 3 are the same moiety.
  • the compound of Formula III further comprises wherein R 7 , R 4 , R 6 , and R 5 are each a moiety comprising
  • the compounds of Formula III are pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, solvates, or hydrates thereof.
  • Another embodiment of this invention provides a compound of Formula IV:
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic, or a substituted aromatic, and (j) a hetero
  • R 3 comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R comprises one of R l 5 and wherein R 7 and R 8 may be the same or different and comprise one of
  • R 4 comprises one of (a) R l 5 (b) a halogen, (c) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted alkyl, and (d) an alkyloxy, and wherein Ri is H or a lower alkyl and R 2 is H or a lower alkyl then R 4 comprises one of (a) a NR 6 R 7 , (b) a SR 6 , (c) a OR 6 , and(d) a CHR 6 R7, wherein R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri and R 2 ;
  • R5 comprises one of Ri
  • R comprises one of Ri
  • X comprises one of (a) NR 4 , (b) an oxygen (O), and (c) R 7 CR 4 ;
  • Y comprises one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 , wherein R 6 comprises one of Ri and R 3 , and wherein when Y comprises O or S then R 2 is absent
  • compositions of Formulae III and IV provide pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, solvates, and hydrates of the compounds of Formulae III and IV.
  • the compounds of the present invention represented by Formulae III and IV may be made into acid salts that are water soluble.
  • these water soluble salts of Formulae III and IV may be formulated into an oral dosage forms providing orally administered active antitumor agents.
  • antimitotic agents have been plagued with water solubility problems, such as for example but not limited to Taxol ® and combrestastatin, and a variety of solubilizing agents have been employed to improve their water solubility.
  • the present salts of Formulae III and IV overcome such water solubility problems and are generally completely water soluble.
  • a method of treating a patient having cancer comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula III, as described herein, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate, or hydrate of the compound of Formula III:
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic, or a substituted aromatic, and (j) a hetero
  • R 3 comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R comprises one of R l5 and wherein R 7 and R 8 may be the same or different and comprise one of
  • R 4 comprises one of (a) R , (b) a halogen, (c) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted alkyl, and (d) an alkyloxy, and wherein R is H or a lower alkyl and R 2 is H or a lower alkyl then R 4 comprises one of (a) a NR 6 R 7 , (b) a SR 6 , (c) a OR 6 , and(d) a CHR 6 R 7 , wherein R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and comprise one of R and R 2 ;
  • R5 comprises one of R 1;
  • R 6 comprises one of
  • X comprises one of (a) NR 4 , (b) an oxygen (O), and (c) R 7 CR 4 ;
  • this method comprises providing the compound having Formula III, as described herein, wherein R5, R 6 , and R 3 are the same moiety, or wherein the compound of Formula III, as described herein, comprises wherein R 7 , R4, R 6 , and R5 are each a moiety comprising R .
  • the term "patient” means members of the animal kingdom, including, but not limited to, human beings.
  • the term “having cancer” means that the patient has been diagnosed with cancer.
  • the term "therapeutically effective amount” refers to that amount of any of the present compounds required to bring about a desired effect in a patient.
  • the desired effect will vary depending on the illness being treated.
  • the desired effect may be reducing tumor size, destroying cancerous cells, and/or preventing metastasis, any one of which may be the desired therapeutic response.
  • a therapeutically effective amount is that amount needed to inhibit the mitosis of a cancerous cell or to facilitate the reversal of multidrug resistance, particularly, for example due to P-glycoprotein, (ie. an effective mitotic inhibitory amount). Any amount of mitotic inhibition or reversal of multidrug resistance will yield a benefit to a patient and is therefore within the scope of the invention.
  • a method of treating a patient having cancer comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula IV, or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate, or hydrate of the compound of Formula IV:
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic, or a substituted aromatic, and (j) a hetero
  • R 3 comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R comprises one of Ri, and wherein R 7 and Rg may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri;
  • R 4 comprises one of (a) Ri, (b) a halogen, (c) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted alkyl, and (d) an alkyloxy, and wherein Ri is H or a lower alkyl and R 2 is H or a lower alkyl then R 4 comprises one of (a) a NR 6 R 7 , (b) a SR 6 , (c) a OR 6 , and(d) a CHR 6 R 7 , wherein R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri and R 2 ;
  • R5 comprises one of Ri
  • R 6 comprises one of Ri
  • X comprises one of (a) NR 4 , (b) an oxygen (O), and (c) R 7 CR 4 ;
  • Y comprises one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 , wherein R 6 comprises one of Ri and R 3 , and wherein when Y comprises O or S then R 2 is absent (i.e. is zero).
  • Other embodiments of the present invention provide for this method including providing the compound having Formula IV, as described herein, comprising wherein R5, R6, and R3 are the same moiety, or wherein R 6 , and R5 are the same moiety and comprise one of Ri.
  • Compounds of the present invention covered under Formula III and IV may also be administered with one or more additional treatment agents, i.e., a chemotherapeutic agent.
  • Suitable candidates for the additional chemotherapeutic agent include for example but are not limited to, paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinca alkaloids, colchicines, colcemid, cisplatin, and nocadazol.
  • the presence of the compound of the present invention shall enhance the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic agent by facilitating the reversal of multidrug resistance, particularly due to Pgp, and at least partially restoring the sensitivity of tumors to antimitotic agents.
  • a method for inhibiting the mitosis of one or more cancerous cells comprising subjecting one or more live cancerous cells to an effective inhibitory amount of a compound of Formula III, or a salt, prodrug, solvate, or hydrate of a compound of Formula III :
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic, or a substituted aromatic, and (j) a hetero
  • R 3 comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R comprises one of R l 5 and wherein R 7 and R 8 may be the same or different and comprise one of
  • R 4 comprises one of (a) R l 5 (b) a halogen, (c) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted alkyl, and (d) an alkyloxy, and wherein Ri is H or a lower alkyl and R 2 is H or a lower alkyl then R 4 comprises one of (a) a NR 6 R 7 , (b) a SR 6 , (c) a OR 6 , and(d) a CHR 6 R7, wherein R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri and R 2 ;
  • R5 comprises one of R 1;
  • R comprises one of R ⁇
  • X comprises one of (a) NR 4 , (b) an oxygen (O), and (c) R 7 CR 4 ; and Y comprises one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 , wherein R 6 comprises one of Ri and R 3 , and wherein when Y comprises O or S then R 2 is absent (i.e. is zero), for effecting the inhibition of mitosis of the cancerous cells.
  • Another embodiment of this invention provides a method for inhibiting the mitosis of one or more cancerous cells comprising subjecting live cancerous cells to an effective mitotic inhibitory amount of a compound of Formula IV, or a salt, prodrug, solvate or hydrate of a compound of Formula IV:
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic, or a substituted aromatic, and (j) a
  • R 3 comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R comprises one of R l 5 and wherein R 7 and R 8 may be the same or different and comprise one of R ⁇ R 4 comprises one of (a) Ri, (b) a halogen, (c) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted alkyl, and (d) an alkyloxy, and wherein Ri is H or a lower alkyl and R 2 is H or a lower alkyl then R 4 comprises one of (a) a NR 6 R 7 , (
  • R 5 comprises one of R 1;
  • R 6 comprises one of Ri
  • X comprises one of (a) a NR 4 , (b) an oxygen (O), and (c) R 7 CR 4 ;
  • Y comprises one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 , wherein R 6 comprises one of Ri and R 3 , and wherein when Y comprises O or S then R 2 is absent
  • lower alkyl group refers to those lower alkyl groups having one to about ten carbon atoms, such as for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl or cyclobutylmethyl groups.
  • Alkyl groups sharing one to about six carbon atoms are preferred.
  • These lower alkyl groups are straight chain, branched chain or cyclic (alicyclic hydrocarbon) arrangements. The carbon atoms of these straight chain, branched chain or cyclic arranged alkyl groups may have one or more substituents for the hydrogens attached to the carbon atoms.
  • heteroalkyl refers to alkyl chains from one to about 3 atoms where one or more of the carbons has been replaced with nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur
  • heteroalkyl groups will include, for example, C-C-N, C-S, S-C, C-O, C-C-O, O-C, N- C-C, N-C ⁇ C and other various combinations, as will be apparent to one skilled in the art. The above list is not meant to be exhaustive, and many combinations are contemplated as within the scope of the present invention.
  • aryl groups refers to compounds whose molecules have an aromatic ring structure, such as the six-carbon ring of benzene, or multiple rings which are either fused or unfused, such as condensed six-carbon rings of other aromatic derivatives.
  • aryl is also defined to include diaryl, triaryl and polyaryl groups, which would have two, three or more rings, respectively.
  • suitable aryl groups would include, for example, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrene, anthracene groups and aryl oxyaryl groups. This list is not meant to be exhaustive, and any aryl group, as these terms are defined above and commonly understood in the art, are within the scope of the present invention.
  • heteroaryl refers to aromatic ring structures having at least one atom in the ring which is not carbon, such as oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur.
  • Heteroaryls as used herein also refers to aromatic ring structures that are part of larger ring structures, such as two or three member ring systems, which may be fused or unfused, in which one of the rings is as described above.
  • heteroaryl refers to ring systems in which one or more rings contain a heteroatom and one or more rings do not. It will be understood that this list is not meant to be exhaustive, and that any heteroaryl group, as these terms are defined above and commonly understood in the art, are within the scope of the present invention.
  • heteroaryl ring systems may be fused ring systems or unfused.
  • heteroaryl ring systems include, for example but are are not limited to, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoloine, pyrrole, thiophenes, furans, imidazoles, and the like, as well as fused ring structures having rings of different sizes, such as benzofurans, indoles, purines, and the like.
  • heterocyclic group refers to non-aromatic cyclic substituents in which one or more members of the ring is not carbon, for example oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen.
  • alkylaryl (or “alkaryl") or “alkylheteroaryl” as used herein refer to groups having an alkyl moiety attached to an aryl or heteroaryl ring.
  • the alkyl moiety is preferably a straight, branched or cyclic alkyl group having one to about six carbon atoms. This alkyl moiety may also contain oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, and therefore may be an alkoxy group.
  • the aryl or heteroaryl moiety of the alkylaryl group is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl or heteroaryl group, as these terms are described above.
  • alkylaryl or “alkylheteroaryl” will also be used to refer to arylalkyl groups or heteroarylalkyl groups, as those terms are understood in the art, and denotes attachment of such a substituent at either the alkyl or the aryl portion of the group.
  • a benzyl group would be embraced by the term “alkylaryl”.
  • any of the cyclic substituents described above such as the aryl, heteroaryl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, alicyclic, or heterocyclic groups are optionally substituted with one or more substituents as listed above. In the case of more than one substituent, the substituents are independently selected.
  • “Alkoxy groups” and “alkyl groups” include straight or branched chains having up to about ten members.
  • Halogen refers to chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine.
  • Aryl and heteroaryl groups are as described above. When a carboxylic acid is a substituent, it will be appreciated that the moiety represents an acid such as benzoic acid.
  • aroyl or “heteroaroyl”, such as when used within the term p-aroyl-L-glutamate, refers to benzoyl, napthoyl, thiophenoyl, furophenoyl, pyrroyl, and any other "aroyl” or “heteroaroyl” as these terms would be understood by one skilled in the art.
  • “Aroyl” and “heteroaroyl” are generally defined in the art as an aromatic or hetero aromatic compound having a carbonyl moiety.
  • the term “glutamate” will be understood as representing both the ester form (glutamate) and the acid form (glutamic acid).
  • Ri and R 2 may be the same or different and each is one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic, or a substituted aromatic, and (j) a
  • R and R 2 are not each hydrogen (H) when Y is N;
  • R 3 is one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R is one of R l5 and wherein R 7 and Rg may be the same or different and is one of
  • R5 is one of R l5 except when R 6 is a hydrogen (H), heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein the phenyl and heteroaryl are optionally substituted with 1-2 moieties independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, (C 1 -C 4 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )fluoroalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )alkoxy, (Q- C 4 )alkylamine, and (C 1 -C 4 )dialkylamine, then R5 is not (i) a hydrogen (H), or (ii) a phenyl group substituted at any position with a substituent selected from the group consisting of (a) a hydrogen, (b) a halogen, (c) CN, (d) OH, (e) NH 2 , (f) (d-C 4 )alkyl, (g) (C 3 -C 6 )cycloalkyl, (h) (C 1 -C 4
  • R 6 is one of Ri
  • X is a carbon (C) or a CR 4 ;
  • Y is one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 T wherein R 6 is one of Ri and R 3 except when Y is CR 6 then said R 6 is not H when Ri and R 2 are each H, and wherein when Y is O or S then R 2 is absent or is zero.
  • this invention provides for the compound of Formula III comprising pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, and solvates thereof.
  • this invention provides for a compound of Formula III, as described herein, wherein Ri is either a hydrogen or said alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and R 2 is a substituted naphthyl, or wherein Ri is a substituted naphthyl and R 2 is either a hydrogen or said alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms.
  • this invention provides the compound of Formula III wherein the substituted naphthyl is a methoxynaphthyl group and wherein the 5,6 bond is a single bond.
  • R and R 2 may be the same or different and comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated, or a substituted alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms, (c) a cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, or a substituted cycloalkyl having from three to ten carbon atoms, (d) an alkylcycloalkyl, or a substituted alkylcycloalkyl, (e) an aryl, or a substituted aryl, (f) an alkylaryl, or a substituted alkylaryl (g) a heteroaryl, or a substituted heteroaryl, (h) an alkylheteroaryl, or a substituted alkylheteroaryl, (i) an aromatic,or a substituted aromatic, and (j
  • R 3 comprises one of (a) a hydrogen (H), (b) a halogen, (c) an alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and having a straight or a branched configuration, and wherein the alkyl is partially or completely saturated; (d) an NH 2 , (e) an NHR 7 , (f) an NR 7 R 8 , (g) an OH, (h) an OR, (i) an SH, and (j) an SR, and wherein R comprises one of Ri, and wherein R 7 and Rg may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri;
  • R 4 comprises one of (a) Ri, (b) a halogen, (c) a mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted alkyl, and (d) an alkyloxy, and wherein Ri is H or a lower alkyl and R 2 is H or a lower alkyl then R 4 comprises one of (a) a NR 6 R 7 , (b) a SR 6 , (c) a OR 6 , and(d) a CHR 6 R 7 , wherein R 6 and R 7 may be the same or different and comprise one of Ri and R 2 ;
  • R5 comprises one of R 1;
  • R 6 comprises one of Ri
  • X is a carbon (C) or a CR 4 ;
  • Y comprises one of (a) a nitrogen (N), (b) an oxygen (O), (c) a sulfur (S), and (d) a CR 6 , wherein R 6 comprises one of Ri and R 3 .
  • this invention provides for a compound of Formula IV comprising pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, and hydrates thereof. More preferably, this invention provides for the compound of Formula IV, as described herein, wherein Ri is either a hydrogen or said alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms and R 2 is a substituted naphthyl, or wherein Ri is a substituted naphthyl and R 2 is either a hydrogen or said alkyl having from one to ten carbon atoms. Most preferably, this invention provides for a compound of Formula IV, as described herein, wherein said substituted naphthyl is a methoxynaphthyl .
  • Proliferative diseases and/or disorders that may be treated according to the methods of the present invention include, without limitation, leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, central nervous system (CNS) cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer.
  • CNS central nervous system
  • Dosage unit form refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the patients being treated, each unit containing a predetermined quantity or effective amount of a tricyclic compound of the present invention to produce the desired effect in association with a pharmaceutical carrier.
  • the specification for the dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directly dependent on the particular compound and the particular effect, or therapeutic response, that is desired to be achieved.
  • Compounds containing Formula III or Formula TV, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, prodrugs, solvates, or hydrates thereof, can be administered to a patient (an animal or human) via various routes including parenterally, orally or intraperitoneally.
  • Parenteral administration includes the following routes that are outside the alimentary canal (digestive tract): intravenous; intramuscular; interstitial, intraarterial; subcutaneous; intraocular; intracranial; intraventricular; intrasynovial; transepithelial, including transdermal, pulmonary via inhalation, ophthalmic, sublingual and buccal; topical, including dermal, ocular, rectal, or nasal inhalation via insufflation or nebulization.
  • Specific modes of administration shall depend on the indication.
  • the selection of the specific route of administration and the dose regimen is to be adjusted or titrated by the clinician according to methods known to the clinician in order to obtain the optimal clinical response.
  • the amount of compound to be administered is that amount which is therapeutically effective.
  • the dosage to be administered to a patient shall depend on the characteristics of the patient being treated, including for example, but not limited to, the patient's age, weight, health, and types and frequency of concurrent treatment, if any, of any other chemotherapeutic agent(s), all of which is determined by the clinician as one skilled in the art.
  • Compounds containing Formula III or Formula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate or hydrate thereof, that are orally administered can be enclosed in hard or soft shell gelatin capsules, or compressed into tablets.
  • Compounds also can be incorporated with an excipient and used in the form of ingestible tablets, buccal tablets, troches, capsules, sachets, lozenges, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers and the like.
  • Compounds containing Formula III or Formula IV can be in the form of a powder or granule, a solution or suspension in an aqueous liquid or non-aqueous liquid, or in an oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the tablets, troches, pills, capsules and the like also can contain, for example, a binder, such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch; gelating excipients, such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent, such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid and the like; a lubricant, such as magnesium stearate; a sweetening agent, such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent.
  • a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch
  • gelating excipients such as dicalcium phosphate
  • a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid and the like
  • a lubricant such as magnesium stearate
  • a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin
  • a flavoring agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin.
  • tablets, pills, or capsules can be coated with shellac, sugar or both.
  • a syrup or elixir can contain the active compound, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye and flavoring. Any material used in preparing any dosage unit form should be pharmaceutically pure and substantially non-toxic.
  • the compounds of Formula III or Formula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate or hydrate of said Formulae can be incorporated into sustained-release preparations and formulations.
  • the compounds of Formula III or Formula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, prodrug, solvate or hydrate thereof can be administered to the central nervous system, parenterally or intraperitoneally.
  • Solutions of the compound as a free base or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt can be prepared in water mixed with a suitable surfactant, such as hydroxypropylcellulose.
  • Dispersions also can be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols and mixtures thereof, and in oils. Under ordinary conditions of storage and use, these preparations can contain a preservative and/or antioxidants to prevent the growth of microorganisms or chemical degeneration.
  • the pharmaceutical forms suitable for injectable use include, without limitation, sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions and sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of sterile injectable solutions or dispersions.
  • the form must be sterile and must be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It can be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and must be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi.
  • Compounds of the present invention may be contained within, mixed with, or associated with, a suitable (acceptable) pharmaceutical carrier for administration to a patient according to the particular route of administration desired.
  • suitable or acceptable pharmaceutical carriers refer to any pharmaceutical carrier that will solubilize the compounds of the present invention and that will not give rise to incompatability problems, and includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic agents, absorption delaying agents, and the like.
  • suitable or acceptable pharmaceutical carriers are well known by those skilled in the art.
  • Preferred carriers include sterile water, physiologic saline, and five percent dextrose in water.
  • suitable or acceptable pharmaceutical carriers include, but are not limited to, ethanol, polyol (such as propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), suitable mixtures thereof, or vegetable oils.
  • the proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating, such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size (in the case of a dispersion) and by the use of surfactants.
  • the prevention of the action of microorganisms can be brought about by various antibacterial and anti-fungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like. In many cases, it will be preferable to include isotonic agents, for example, sugars or sodium chloride.
  • Sterile injectable solutions are prepared by incorporating the compound of Formula III or Formula IV in the required amount in the appropriate solvent with various of the other ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization.
  • dispersions are prepared by incorporating the sterilized compound of Formula III or Formula IV into a sterile vehicle that contains the basic dispersion medium and any of the other ingredients from those enumerated above.
  • sterile powders for the preparation of sterile injectable solutions the preferred methods of preparation are vacuum drying and freeze drying.
  • Pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to the nose and buccal cavity include, without limitation, self-propelling and spray formulations, such as aerosol, atomizers and nebulizers.
  • the therapeutic compounds of Formula III and Formula IV, as described herein, can be administered to a patient alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or as pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or hydrates thereof, the proportion of which is determined by the solubility and chemical nature of the compound, chosen route of administration to the patient and standard pharmaceutical practice.
  • Figure 1 shows flow cytometric analysis to assess the effect of various bicyclic compounds of the present invention on the cell cycle phase distributions of MDA MB 435 human breast cancer.
  • the percentage of cells in the G 2 /M phases were increased approximately two-fold by treatment of the cells for twenty four hours with each of the bicyclic compounds AAGl, AAG12, AAG16, and AAG20, with AAGl and AAG16 being most potent based upon the 30nM and lOnM doses, respectively.
  • Figure 2 shows the microtubule depolymerization immunofluorescence assay of an A- 10 rat smooth muscle cell line following treatment with various compounds of the present invention, namely, AAGl, AAG7, and AAGl 6.
  • A- 10 rat smooth muscle cells were used since they grow as flat monolayers that are amenable to imaging.
  • the A- 10 cells were treated for twenty four (24) hours (h) with EtOH (control), 250nM (nanomolar) AAGl, 500nM AAG7, or 40nM AAGl 6, respectively.
  • Microtubules were then visualized by indirect immunofluorescence staining with beta-tubulin antibodies.
  • the control cells shown in Figure 2 displayed extensive microtubule systems with perimeter organizing centers.
  • AAGl, AAG7, and AAG16 caused losses of microtubules in the cells.
  • This immunofluorescence assay shows that the bicyclic compounds of the present invention were effective in depolymerizing the tubulin protein microtubule of A- 10 cells.
  • Each of the compounds AAGl, AAG7, and AAGl 6 has potent nanomolar tubulin inhibitory activity.
  • Antimitotic compounds AAGl, AAG7, AAGl 2, AAGl 6, AAG20, and AAG26, Taxol ® , and combrestastatinA4 were evaluated for cytotoxity towards the panel of human cell lines MDA MB 435 (human breast cancer), SKOV3 (human ovarian cancer), and SKOV3M6/6 (Pgp infected human ovarian cancer).
  • Figure 4 shows the IC 50 of each of these antimitotic compounds towards each cancer cell line.
  • the IC 50 is the inhibitory concentration required to effectuate fifty percent inhibition of cell growth.
  • Figure 4 shows that the compounds of the present invention, AAGl, AAG7, AAGl 2, AAGl 6, AAG20, and AAG26, have cytotoxic activity toward each of the human cancer cell lines tested.
  • Taxol and combrestastatin A4 were more potent than compounds AAG1, AAG7, AAG12, AAG16, AAG20, and AAG26 in the MDA MB 435 and the SKOV3 sensitive cell lines
  • Taxol ® was subject to tumor resistance due to the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) in the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3M6/6.
  • Pgp P-glycoprotein
  • Figure 4 shows the IC 50 values of 171 nanoM (nM) for AAG1 and 4.4 microM ( ⁇ ) for Taxol ® toward the Pgp infected human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3M6/6.
  • Figure 4 shows the calculated relative resistance value of 4.7 for compound AAG1 and a relative resistance value of 2013 for Taxol ® .
  • Figure 4 shows the IC 50 values of 8.4 nM and 3.2 nM for AAG16 and AAG26, respectively, and 4.4 microM for Taxol ® toward the Pgp infected human ovarian cancer cell line.
  • the results confirm that overexpression of Pgp did not effect cell sensitivity to compounds of the present invention AAG3 of the present invention.
  • Figures 5a and 5b show the results of testing compound AAG1 of the present invention using National cancer Institute (NCI) 55 human tumor lines.
  • NCI National cancer Institute
  • the cells lines which represent leukemia, non- small cell lung cancer, colon cancer, central nervous system cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer, are listed in Figure 5.
  • Testing was in accordance with the NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) In Vitro Cell Line Screening Project (IVCLSP). Methodology for testing under F/CLSP is provided at http ://dt .nci. ov branches btb/ivcls .html .
  • DTP NCI Developmental Therapeutics Program
  • IVCLSP In Vitro Cell Line Screening Project
  • Figure 5 shows the tumor cell inhibitory activity, measured by GI 50 values (10 ⁇ 8 M) for AAG1.
  • GI 50 is the concentration of chemical required to reduce the growth of treated cells to half that of untreated cells (i.e. control).
  • GI 50 represents the concentration of chemical required to effectuate fifty percent inhibition of cell growth.
  • AAGl exhibited GI 50 values of single digit 10 - " 8 molar levels against all 55 tumor cell lines.
  • TGI endpoint TARGET SET STAND ARD_AGENTS_TGI
  • the NCI COMPARE analysis was performed for AAGl to elucidate a possible mechanism of action of AAGl by the similarity response of the cell lines to known compounds.
  • the three compounds that showed the best correlation with AAGl are all well- known microtubule targeting agents.
  • the cell type selectivity profile in TGI level is highly indicative of the compounds mechanism of action.
  • AAGl is a microtubule inhibitor.
  • This COMPARE analysis also indicates that AAGl acts most like vincristine sulfate (correlation 0.6), which is a well known anticancer agent widely used in the clinic and strongly suggests that AAGl would be highly active in vivo.
  • the tumor inhibitory data from the NCI preclinical tumor screen also strongly suggest in vivo activity for AAG1.
  • Figures 6a, 6b, and 6c show individual dose response curves of percentage growth for each of the cancer cell lines set forth in Figures 5a and 5b.
  • Figure 7 shows a dose response curve of percentage growth for all of the cell lines shown in Figures 5a and 5b.
  • Figure 8 shows mean graphs for each of the cancer types and corresponding cell lines shown in Figure 5a and 5b.
  • TLC Thin-layer chromatography
  • Compound AAG 7 was synthesized from the commercial available 3-methyladipic acid 1 (Scheme 2). At reflux in concentrated sulfuric acid in ethanol and cyclization in the presence of sodium in toluene, 1 further reacted with guanidine carbonate to afford 2 (34%). Chlorination of 2 to form 3 (34%) was performed by heating with POCl 3 for 3 h. Nucleophilic substitution of 3 with N-methyl-4-methoxyl aniline in isopropanol gave compound 4 (55%) as a white solid. Compound AAG 7. HC1 was precipitated as a white solid when AAG 7 was dissolved in anhydrous ether followed by bubbling with anhydrous hydrochloric acid gas (65%).
  • the mixture was heated under reflux for 3 h and cooled, neutralized with IN hydrochloric acid solution and washed with water. After drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, the organic phase was evaporated to afford a light brown liquid. The liquid was used in the next step without further purification.
  • the light brown liquid was diluted with i-BuOH. Guanidine carbonate (2.70 g, 15 mmol) and potassium ieri-butoxide (1.68 g, 15 mmol) were added, and the mixture was heated under reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled, and a precipitate was filtered. The residue was washed with warm methanol twice (30 mL xl, 15 mL xl).
  • Reagents and conditions (a) MeOH, rt, 5 h; (b) NaOEt, EtOH, 60 °C, 6 h; (c) (1) l,3-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-2- methyl-thiopseudourea, AcOH, MeOH, rt, 12 h; (2) NaOMe, MeOH, rt, 2 h; (d) 1 N NaOH, 55 °C, 3 h; (e) PivCl, DMAP, TEA , dichloroethane, 50 °C, 12 h; (f) POCl 3 , reflux, 3 h; (g) (1) Phenylamines, Z-PrOH, 2-3 drops of coned HC1, reflux, 30 min, (2) 15% KOH, 1,4-dioxane, reflux, 10 h.
  • This silica gel plug was loaded on a dry silica gel column (2x15 cm) and flash chromato graphed initially with n-hexane (200 mL), then sequentially with 500 mL 5% ethyl acetate in n-hexane, 500 mL 10% ethyl acetate in n-hexane, 500 mL 15% ethyl acetate in n-hexane.
  • the silica gel plug obtained was loaded onto a silica gel column and eluted with 9: 1 ethyl acetate/n- hexane The fractions containing the product (TLC) were pooled and the solvent was evaporated to afford 1.33 g (67%) of 9 as a white solid: TLC R/ 0.47 (MeOH/CHCl 3 , 1: 10); mp 156-157 °C; 1H NMR (DMSO- ) ⁇ 1.19 (s, 9 H), 2.29 (s, 3 H), 5.97 (s, 1 H), 10.72 (s, 1 H), 11.78 (s, 1 H), 11.87 (s, 1 H). Anal.
  • AAG11 N-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-6-methyl-5H-pyrrolo[3,2- ⁇ /]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine
  • a 50 mL round bottom flask with a stir bar was charged with copper iodide (66.5 mg, 0.35 mmol), anhydrous potassium carbonate (480 mg, 3.5 mmol), L-proline (80 mg, 0.7 mmol), 5 (150 mg, 1 mmol) and 6 (350 mg, 3.5 mmol).
  • the flask was connected to vacuum for 3 min followed by the addition of anhydrous DMF (15 mL) using syringe.
  • the flask was purged with argon for 5 min and then heated in an oil bath maintained at 110 °C. On heating the suspension became bluish grey which lasted for about 2 h.
  • the mixture was heated under reflux for 3 h and cooled, neutralized with IN hydrochloric acid solution and washed with water. After drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, the organic phase was evaporated to afford a light brown liquid. The liquid was used in the next step without further purification.
  • the light brown liquid was diluted with i-BuOH.
  • Acetamidine (1.13 g, 12 mmol) and potassium tert- butoxide (1.34 g, 12 mmol) were added, and the mixture was heated under reflux overnight.
  • the reaction mixture was cooled and the precipitate was filtered. The residue was washed with warm methanol twice (30 mL xl, 15 mL xl).
  • Tubulin binding agents (see Figure 9 for known microtubule targeting agents) belong to an important class of antitumor agents and are widely used in the clinic for cancer chemotherapy. Most microtubule targeting agents can be divided into three classes based on their interactions within the taxane, vinca, or colchicine site on tubulin. Drugs that bind within the taxoid site include paclitaxel (Taxol), docetaxel (Taxotere), and the epothilones. Paclitaxel and other taxoids (and the epothilones) bind to ⁇ -tubulin in the interior of the microtubule.
  • Paclitaxel and other taxoids and the epothilones
  • the taxoids stimulate tubulin polymerization and are designated as microtubule stabilizers. They are useful in the treatment of breast, lung, ovarian, head and neck and prostate cancers.
  • the second class of microtubule disrupting agents are the vinca alkaloids and these include vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine and vinorelbine.
  • the vinca alkaloids bind between two ⁇ -tubulin diemers at a site that is distinct from the taxane site.
  • the vinca alkaloids are important in the treatment of leukemias, lymphomas, non-small cell lung cancer and childhood cancers.
  • colchicine A diverse collection of small molecules, including colchicine and the combretastatins, bind to the colchicine site on ⁇ -tubulin at its interface with a- tubulin, a site distinct from the vinca site. Similar to the vinca alkaloids, colchicine site agents inhibit tubulin polymerization. Colchicine itself is not used as an antitumor agent but is useful in the treatment of gout and familial Mediterranean fever.
  • tubulin targeting agents One mechanism of drug resistance that can lead to chemotherapy failure with tubulin targeting agents is the expression of the ⁇ isotype of tubulin.
  • An isogenic HeLa cell line pair was used to evaluate the effects of ⁇ tubulin expression on the activities of 10-14 in comparison with paclitaxel, Docetaxel and CA4. 13, and CA4 had Rr of 1.0, 0.72, respectively (Table 4), in this cell line pair, suggesting that, like 13, they overcome drug resistance mediated by ⁇ tubulin compared with Paclitaxel and Docetaxel, which had a Rr of 0.33 and 0.31. These results suggest that 13 would circumvent tumor resistance because of the overexpression of ⁇ tubulin.
  • Figures 10, 11, and 12 show the results of the NOESY study of the more preferred substituted cyclopenta pyrimidine compounds 11, 13 and 14 of this invention, respectively, and spectrum interpretation.
  • NOESY is a useful tool to illustrate the space relationship of protons that have distance between 1.8-4.3 angstrum.
  • the 2-D 1 HNMR (NOESY) spectrum of 13 both of 5-position protons in NOE effect range to both and 3' protons on the naphthyl ring, while the distance of 5-position protons and N-methyl protons is beyond the NOE effect range.
  • This data suggest that napthyl ring is hanging above the cyclopenta ring, and the atropisomers, if exist, are fast interchangeable due to the freely rotatable ⁇ -bonds (Q-N and N-C 2 ').
  • Figures 13a and b show MOE (2012) simulation of the low energy conformer of the more preferred substituted cyclopenta pyrimidine compounds 11 and 13 of this invention, respectively. Only the atropisomer that methoxynaphthyl group point to the left side were showed and the atropisomer with methoxynapthyl group point to the right side does not present.
  • Figure 13a Up- left: the distances of 5-position protons and 2' and 8' protons of 11 in low energy conformer. Distances are: 5a-2' (4.30A); 5a-8' (3.35A); 5b-2' (3.24A); 5b-8'(4.51 A), which are generally matching with the NOESY results.
  • the atropisomer (Figure 13) with methoxynaphthyl point to the left of the more preferred substituted cyclopenta pyrimidine compounds 11 and 13 were chosen to run an energy minimization (MOE, 2012).
  • distances of 5-position protons and 2' and 8' protons are: 5a-2' (4.30A); 5a-8' (3.35A); 5b-2' (3.24A); 5b-8'(4.51 A), which are generally matching with the NOESY results.
  • the orthogonal angle of naphthyl ring to cyclopenta[ ⁇ i]pyrimidine ring is 101.7°.
  • the N,2-dimethyl-N- (5'-methoxynaphthyl-2'-amino)-cyclopenta[(i]pyrimidin-4-amine (13) shows the free rotation capability of naphthyl ring with cyclopenta[ ⁇ i]pyrimidine ring, and it adopts orthogonal angle of 105.2°.
  • the orthogonal and rotational ability difference of 11 and 13 leads to the difference of binding affinity in colchicine binding site on tubulin, and completely difference antitumor activity (11 is inactive while 13 is extremely potent).

Abstract

Cette invention concerne des composés bicycliques de cyclopentapyrimidine et de cyclopentylpyrimidine substitués de Formule III, et leurs sels 5,6-saturés et insaturés pharmaceutiquement acceptables, promédicaments, solvates et hydrates de ceux-ci, ayant une activité antimitotique, une activité anti-multirésistance aux médicaments, comme, par exemple, ayant une activité d'inhibition de la glycoprotéine P, et une activité antitumorale, et qui inhibent les cellules tumorales sensibles et résistantes au paclitaxel. L'invention concerne également des méthodes d'utilisation de ces composés pour traiter des cellules tumorales et inhiber la mitose des cellules cancéreuses.
PCT/US2015/022871 2014-04-03 2015-03-27 Composés bicycliques de cyclopentapyrimidine substitués ayant une activité antimitotique et/ou antitumorale et leurs méthodes d'utilisation WO2015160489A2 (fr)

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US20130029942A1 (en) 2003-07-03 2013-01-31 Myrexis, Inc. Compounds and therapeutical uses thereof
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