WO2015158153A1 - Water conservation method used in coal mining process - Google Patents
Water conservation method used in coal mining process Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015158153A1 WO2015158153A1 PCT/CN2014/094945 CN2014094945W WO2015158153A1 WO 2015158153 A1 WO2015158153 A1 WO 2015158153A1 CN 2014094945 W CN2014094945 W CN 2014094945W WO 2015158153 A1 WO2015158153 A1 WO 2015158153A1
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004540 process dynamic Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002547 anomalous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of underground mining methods.
- Coal which accounts for 70% of China's primary energy consumption, plays a very important role in national economic production.
- the problem of environmental damage during coal production is also very prominent.
- the problems of ground collapse caused by coal mining and destruction of groundwater resources have attracted more and more attention from all walks of life.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a water retention method for use in a coal mining process, which can ensure the protection of groundwater resources in a mining area while ensuring safe and efficient coal mining.
- a water retention method for use in a coal mining process comprising the following steps:
- stereoscopic detection technology is used to detect the static occurrence characteristics of groundwater in the underground mining area, the integrity of the groundwater protection layer and the development of the natural water guiding channel;
- the micro-seismic monitoring technology is used between the first step and the second step to dynamically monitor the rock fracture during the coal mining face and the surrounding aquifer and the groundwater protective layer during coal mining, and the coal mining is adopted.
- Monitoring and analysis of the occurrence and distribution of microseismic events in the rock formation near the working face collecting information on groundwater flow, changes in groundwater protection layers, stability of natural water conduits, development of artificial water conduits, and locations where there is a risk of groundwater leakage.
- the specific implementation manner of the microseismic monitoring technology is: the detector is arranged in a ring shape along the top plate, the bottom plate, the left side and the right side of the working surface roadway, and each detector is connected to the same monitor through a data line to form A monitoring unit; a monitoring unit is arranged along the working surface and the lower slot at intervals of 200-300 meters, and the plurality of monitoring units form a complete working surface monitoring network.
- the stereoscopic detection technology is a multi-parameter lead detection method for the roadway, a multi-parameter spatial mapping method for the roadway advanced detection data, and a detection technology used in combination with the front coal surface detection method of the coal seam.
- the invention adopts the comprehensive exploration technology with the three-dimensional detection technology as the main means, and finds out the underground coal mine Static characteristics of groundwater in the production area and surrounding areas, understanding the location and extent of groundwater (aquifer, old water, etc.), the weak location of groundwater protection layer, the development of water guiding channels, etc. step;
- microseismic monitoring technology to monitor the rock formation rupture and the change of the water guiding channel of the groundwater protective layer during the mining face of the working face, and cooperate with the monitoring of various characteristic parameters such as groundwater pressure, water quantity, water temperature, water quality and isotope.
- Dynamic characteristics of groundwater in Ming mining area understanding the stability of natural water guiding channels and the development of artificial water guiding channels formed by mining activities, monitoring and early warning of groundwater leakage and damage and their spatial location; implementation of microseismic monitoring technology
- the design of the method enables a monitoring unit whose monitoring and control range can cover a sphere space with a radius of 300-500 meters;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional detection and grouting reinforcement of a 9315 working face in Embodiment 4 of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a layout diagram of a multi-directional advanced detection engineering of a 2120 working face air duct roadway in Embodiment 3 of the present invention
- 3A and 3B are diagrams of the probe interpretation diagram of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of multi-directional advance detection of a roadway mentioned in the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the three-dimensional detection of the coal seam of the working face mentioned in the present invention.
- a water retention method for use in a coal mining process comprising the steps of:
- clay and fly ash are added to the cement slurry.
- Other materials in the same way to improve the compressive strength of the groundwater protective layer, increase the flexibility of the grouting material, improve the resistance of the protective layer to plastic deformation, and is very beneficial for effective protection of groundwater.
- the selection of grouting and retaining the water retaining coal column can be selected according to actual cost, degree of risk, and the like.
- the multi-directional advanced detection method of the roadway (patent No. ZL 201110095155.4), the multi-parameter space mapping method of the roadway advanced detection data (patent number ZL201110389923.7) and the pre-series three-dimensional detection method of the working face coal seam (patent No. ZL201210112477.X) constitutes a stereo detection method ( Figures 4, 5)
- the microseismic monitoring technology is used to dynamically monitor the rock fracture during the coal mining face and the surrounding aquifer and the groundwater protective layer during coal mining. In order to avoid problems and to take measures to prevent and avoid groundwater leakage and water inrush accidents during coal mining.
- groundwater Under natural conditions, groundwater is present in a specific environment, ie, within an aquifer, in an equilibrium state. After the coal seam near the aquifer is mined, the coal mining face is formed into a goaf (water storage space or water passage), and the top and bottom rock layers are degraded to form mining fissures. Once these fissures communicate with the aquifer, they will become The artificial water channel of groundwater will flow into the goaf and pass through the goaf to the ground, causing damage to groundwater resources. The above-mentioned fissure formation process and the process of groundwater breaking through the surrounding rock formation into the goaf are actually the rupture process of the rock formation around the working face, accompanied by minor earthquake events.
- the invention adopts the microseismic monitoring technology to capture and analyze the groundwater flow and change by monitoring and analyzing the daytime, frequency, energy and spatial distribution of the microseismic events in the rock formation near the coal mining face.
- Information collecting groundwater flow, changes, and possible leakage Information; understanding the stability of natural water-conducting channels and the development of artificial water-conducting channels formed by mining activities, and thus providing a basis for rapid groundwater protection measures.
- the specific implementation manner of the microseismic monitoring technology is: arranging the detector along the top surface of the working surface roadway, the bottom plate, the left side, and the right side into a ring shape, and each detector is connected to the same monitor through a dedicated data line to form a monitoring.
- a monitoring unit is arranged along the working surface and the lower slot at intervals of 200-300 meters.
- the multiple monitoring units form a complete working surface monitoring network.
- a monitoring unit, the monitoring and control range can cover the sphere space with a radius of 300-500 meters.
- the monitoring sub-station moves outwards in a progressive alternating manner to achieve continuous and full coverage monitoring of the entire working face and surrounding rock formations.
- the whole monitoring process should run through the preparation period of the working face to the end of the mining face of the working face to ensure the change of the groundwater protective layer during the whole monitoring period, the stability of the surrounding natural water guiding channel, the development of the artificial water guiding channel, and the groundwater. Dynamic monitoring of the entire area of the leak may occur.
- the 2120 working face of a mine is 12# coal driving face, and the design direction is 1208m long.
- FIG. 2 is a multi-directional advanced detection engineering layout diagram of a 2120 working face air duct roadway
- FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are FIG. [0049]
- the figure shows that there is a low-resistance anomaly band 3 (rough-dummy coil-fixed area) which is approximately perpendicular to the air passage in front of the roadway.
- the anomalous plane is NNE-striped in a strip shape, which is approximately perpendicular to the air duct, and is spatially inclined in the shape of a strip, which is considered to be reflected by the water-conducting fault.
- the bottom surface of the working face is 33m away from the aquifer, and it can withstand the water pressure of 1.2 ⁇ 1.4MPa.
- the mine side drills and grouts the floor of the working face (the section where there is danger of groundwater leakage), and adopts high-pressure water jet drilling technology to quickly and accurately drill and quickly grout.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a water conservation method used in coal mining process and relating to the technical field of underground mining method. The method comprises the follows steps: i, performing three-dimensional detection for the static groundwater occurrence characteristics, the situations of the integrity of the protective layer and the development of natural water guiding passages in the downhole coal mining areas by the use of three-dimensional detection technology; ii, finding out weak sections in the protective layer of groundwater, according to the detected results, the water guiding passages and sections with the risk of groundwater leakage, and blocking the water guiding passages and the sections with the risk of groundwater leakage by rapidly grouting and reinforcing the protective layer of the groundwater by grouting or setting up coal pillars via rapid and accurate drilling and with the use of downhole high pressure water jet drilling technology. The method in the present invention can ensure safety and effective coal mining and protect groundwater resources in mine area.
Description
发明名称：一种用于釆煤过程中的保水方法 技术领域 Title of the invention: A water retention method for the process of coal boring
[0001] 本发明涉及地下采矿方法技术领域。 The present invention relates to the technical field of underground mining methods.
背景技术 Background technique
[0002] 煤炭， 在我国一次能源消费中的比例达到 70%， 在国民经济生产中占有很重要 的地位。 然而， 煤炭生产过程中对环境的破坏问题也很突出， 采煤造成的地面 塌陷、 地下水资源破坏等问题， 已越来越引起社会各界重视。 [0002] Coal, which accounts for 70% of China's primary energy consumption, plays a very important role in national economic production. However, the problem of environmental damage during coal production is also very prominent. The problems of ground collapse caused by coal mining and destruction of groundwater resources have attracted more and more attention from all walks of life.
[0003] 传统采煤技术， 一直把地下水作为一种灾害， 采取疏水降压、 注浆治理等措施 ， 或者将地下水排出， 或者将水局部封闭。 前者造成地下水资源的大量浪费， 导致区域地下水位持续下降， 形成地下水降落漏斗。 后者改变了地下水流场特 征， 常常造成水井水量减少甚至断流， 影响工农业及居民用水。 [0003] Traditional coal mining technology has always used groundwater as a disaster, taking measures such as hydrophobic pressure reduction and grouting treatment, or discharging groundwater or partially sealing water. The former caused a large amount of waste of groundwater resources, resulting in a continuous decline in the regional groundwater level, forming a groundwater drop funnel. The latter changed the characteristics of the groundwater flow field, which often caused the water volume of the well to be reduced or even stopped, affecting the industrial and agricultural and residential water use.
[0004] 据 2013年 7月河北省国土资源厅发布的 《2012年河北省地质环境状况公报》 披 露,全省共有地下水位降落漏斗 25个， 全国地下水降落漏斗超过 100个。 近三十年 来， 邯邢地区百泉水文地质单元泉口附近地下水位降幅 20-30m。 而每一次煤矿 重大透水事故， 常常伴随周围数十公里范围内区域地下水位的大幅下降。 而每 一个矿井动辄每小吋数百立方米的排水， 更是对地下水资源破坏及浪费的具体 体现。 [0004] According to the “2012 Hebei Province Geological Environment Bulletin” issued by the Department of Land and Resources of Hebei Province in July 2013, there are 25 groundwater level dropping funnels in the province, and more than 100 groundwater drop funnels nationwide. In the past 30 years, the groundwater level near the Quankou of the Baiquan hydrogeological unit in the Yuxing area has dropped by 20-30m. Each major coal mine flooding accident is often accompanied by a significant drop in the water table in the area within a few tens of kilometers. Each mine has hundreds of cubic meters of drainage per hour, which is a concrete manifestation of the destruction and waste of groundwater resources.
[0005] 地下水资源保护的迫切性与采煤保水技术的不完善之间的矛盾日益凸显， 采煤 保水技术的研究就显得越来越重要。 [0005] The contradiction between the urgency of groundwater resource protection and the imperfection of coal mining technology has become increasingly prominent. Research on coal mining and water conservation technology has become increasingly important.
[0006] 通过专项技术攻关研究， 在确保安全、 高效采煤的同吋， 做好对煤矿区地下水 资源的保护， 减少矿井排水量， 将煤炭资源的幵发利用同地下水资源的保护有 机结合起来， 构建矿井水的探、 防、 治、 保、 用五位一体的综合保护、 治理体 系， 最终实现采煤保水、 煤与水两种资源统筹规划、 人与环境和谐共赢的局面 ， 对我国煤炭行业的健康、 可持续发展， 对和谐社会、 生态社会的构建具有重 大意义。 [0006] Through special research, we will ensure the safe and efficient coal mining, protect the groundwater resources in the coal mine area, reduce the mine drainage, and combine the utilization of coal resources with the protection of groundwater resources. Construct a five-in-one comprehensive protection and treatment system for exploration, prevention, treatment, protection and use of mine water, and finally realize the coordinated planning of coal mining and water conservation, coal and water, and the harmonious and win-win situation between people and the environment. The health and sustainable development of the industry is of great significance to the construction of a harmonious society and an ecological society.
技术问题
[0007] 本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于采煤过程中的保水方法， 该方法能够 在确保安全、 高效采煤的同吋， 实现对矿区地下水资源的保护。 technical problem [0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a water retention method for use in a coal mining process, which can ensure the protection of groundwater resources in a mining area while ensuring safe and efficient coal mining.
问题的解决方案 Problem solution
技术解决方案 Technical solution
[0008] 为解决上述技术问题， 本发明所采取的技术方案是： 一种用于采煤过程中的保 水方法， 包括如下步骤： [0008] In order to solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A water retention method for use in a coal mining process, comprising the following steps:
[0009] 一、 采用立体探测技术对煤矿井下采掘地区的地下水静态赋存特征、 地下水保 护层完整情况及天然导水通道发育情况进行立体探测； [0009] First, stereoscopic detection technology is used to detect the static occurrence characteristics of groundwater in the underground mining area, the integrity of the groundwater protection layer and the development of the natural water guiding channel;
[0010] 二、 结合探测得到的结果， 找到地下水保护层中的薄弱地段及导水通道以及存 在地下水泄漏危险的地段， 采用高压水射流钻进技术， 通过快速、 精确钻进， 快速注浆封堵导水通道和存在地下水泄漏危险的地段、 注浆加固地下水保护层 或者留设保水煤柱。 [0010] Second, combined with the results of the detection, find the weak ground and water conduit in the groundwater protection layer and the area where there is danger of groundwater leakage, using high-pressure water jet drilling technology, through rapid, accurate drilling, rapid grouting Block the water channel and the area where there is danger of groundwater leakage, grouting and strengthening the groundwater protection layer or leaving the water retention coal pillar.
[0011] 优选的， 上述第一步和第二步之间还采用微震监测技术对采煤工作面及周围地 区含水层以及地下水保护层采煤期间岩层破裂情况进行全程动态监测， 通过对 采煤工作面附近岩层的微震事件吋、 空分布情况进行监测、 分析， 收集地下水 发生流动、 地下水保护层变化、 天然导水通道稳定性、 人为导水通道发育情况 以及存在地下水泄漏危险的地段的信息。 [0011] Preferably, the micro-seismic monitoring technology is used between the first step and the second step to dynamically monitor the rock fracture during the coal mining face and the surrounding aquifer and the groundwater protective layer during coal mining, and the coal mining is adopted. Monitoring and analysis of the occurrence and distribution of microseismic events in the rock formation near the working face, collecting information on groundwater flow, changes in groundwater protection layers, stability of natural water conduits, development of artificial water conduits, and locations where there is a risk of groundwater leakage.
[0012] 进一步优选的， 微震监测技术的具体实施方式为： 检波器沿工作面巷道顶板、 底板、 左帮、 右帮布置成环状， 各个检波器通过数据线连接在同一监测器上， 形成一个监测单元； 沿工作面上、 下顺槽间隔 200-300米布置一个监测单元， 多 个监测单元形成一个完整的工作面监测网络。 [0012] Further preferably, the specific implementation manner of the microseismic monitoring technology is: the detector is arranged in a ring shape along the top plate, the bottom plate, the left side and the right side of the working surface roadway, and each detector is connected to the same monitor through a data line to form A monitoring unit; a monitoring unit is arranged along the working surface and the lower slot at intervals of 200-300 meters, and the plurality of monitoring units form a complete working surface monitoring network.
[0013] 优选的， 上述第一步中， 立体探测技术为巷道多方位超前探测方法、 巷道超前 探测数据的多参数空间成图法和工作面煤层采前立体探测方法结合使用的探测 技术。 [0013] Preferably, in the first step, the stereoscopic detection technology is a multi-parameter lead detection method for the roadway, a multi-parameter spatial mapping method for the roadway advanced detection data, and a detection technology used in combination with the front coal surface detection method of the coal seam.
发明的有益效果 Advantageous effects of the invention
有益效果 Beneficial effect
[0014] 采用上述技术方案所产生的有益效果在于： [0014] The beneficial effects produced by the above technical solution are:
[0015] (1) 本发明采用立体探测技术为主要手段的综合勘探技术， 査明煤矿井下生
产地区及周围地下水静态赋存特征， 了解地下水 （含水层、 老空水等各类水体 ) 赋存位置、 范围及地下水保护层薄弱地段、 导水通道发育情况等， 为地下水 保护工作做好第一步； [0015] (1) The invention adopts the comprehensive exploration technology with the three-dimensional detection technology as the main means, and finds out the underground coal mine Static characteristics of groundwater in the production area and surrounding areas, understanding the location and extent of groundwater (aquifer, old water, etc.), the weak location of groundwater protection layer, the development of water guiding channels, etc. step;
[0016] (2) 采用微震监测技术， 监测工作面回采期间围岩地下水保护层岩层破裂及 导水通道变化情况， 配合地下水水压、 水量、 水温、 水质、 同位素等多种特征 参数监测， 査明采掘地区地下水动态变化特征， 了解天然导水通道稳定性情况 和因采掘活动形成的人为导水通道发育情况， 对是否发生地下水泄漏和破坏及 其空间位置进行监测、 预警； 微震监测技术具体实施方式的设计使得一个监测 单元， 其监测、 控制范围可以覆盖半径为 300-500米的球体空间； [0016] (2) Using microseismic monitoring technology to monitor the rock formation rupture and the change of the water guiding channel of the groundwater protective layer during the mining face of the working face, and cooperate with the monitoring of various characteristic parameters such as groundwater pressure, water quantity, water temperature, water quality and isotope. Dynamic characteristics of groundwater in Ming mining area, understanding the stability of natural water guiding channels and the development of artificial water guiding channels formed by mining activities, monitoring and early warning of groundwater leakage and damage and their spatial location; implementation of microseismic monitoring technology The design of the method enables a monitoring unit whose monitoring and control range can cover a sphere space with a radius of 300-500 meters;
[0017] (3) 采取高压水射流钻进技术和注浆技术， 对已探明的地下水保护层局部薄 弱地段和导水通道及存在地下水泄漏危险地段， 进行注浆加固、 封堵， 或采取 留设保水煤柱的方法， 将地下水泄漏危险消灭在萌芽状态， 最大限度地减少采 煤对地下水的破坏， 大大提高采煤作业的安全性， 提高了工作效率， 具有良好 的现实意义。 [0017] (3) Adopting high-pressure water jet drilling technology and grouting technology, grouting reinforcement, sealing, or taking local weakened sections and water guiding channels of groundwater protection layers and areas where there is danger of groundwater leakage The method of retaining the water-retaining coal pillars eliminates the danger of groundwater leakage in the germination state, minimizes the damage of coal mining to groundwater, greatly improves the safety of coal mining operations, and improves the working efficiency, which has good practical significance.
对附图的简要说明 Brief description of the drawing
附图说明 DRAWINGS
[0018] 下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明； [0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments;
[0019] 图 1是本发明实施例 4中 9315工作面采前立体探测及注浆加固示意图； 1 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional detection and grouting reinforcement of a 9315 working face in Embodiment 4 of the present invention;
[0020] 图 2是本发明实施例 3中 2120工作面风道巷道多方位超前探测工程布置图； 2 is a layout diagram of a multi-directional advanced detection engineering of a 2120 working face air duct roadway in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;
[0021] 图 3A、 图 3B是图 2的探测解释曲线图； 3A and 3B are diagrams of the probe interpretation diagram of FIG. 2;
[0022] 图 4是本发明中提到的巷道多方位超前探测示意图； [0022] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of multi-directional advance detection of a roadway mentioned in the present invention;
[0023] 图 5是本发明中提到的工作面煤层采前立体探测示意图； [0023] FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the three-dimensional detection of the coal seam of the working face mentioned in the present invention;
[0024] 图中， 1、 2120工作面风道； 2、 停头位置； 3、 低阻异常带； 4、 设计切眼位置 ； 5、 2298工作面高水位区； 6、 掘进巷道迎头； 7、 探测方向； 8、 控制范围； 9 、 含水层； 10、 下巷； 11、 老空区； 12、 采动破坏范围； 13、 上巷； 14、 导水 陷落柱； 15、 立体探测。 [0024] In the figure, 1, 2120 working face air duct; 2, stop position; 3, low resistance abnormal belt; 4, design cut-eye position; 5, 2298 working face high water level; 6, roadway heading; 7 8, detection direction; 8, control range; 9, aquifer; 10, lower lane; 11, old empty area; 12, mining damage range; 13, upper lane; 14, water guiding collapse column; 15, stereoscopic detection.
实施该发明的最佳实施例 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
本发明的最佳实施方式
[0025] 在此处键入本发明的最佳实施方式描述段落。 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION [0025] The paragraphs describing the best mode of the invention are entered here.
本发明的实施方式 Embodiments of the invention
[0026] 实施例 1 Embodiment 1
[0027] 一种用于采煤过程中的保水方法， 包括如下步骤： [0027] A water retention method for use in a coal mining process, comprising the steps of:
[0028] 一、 采用巷道多方位超前探测方法 （专利号为 ZL 201110095155.4) 、 巷道超前 探测数据的多参数空间成图法 （专利号为 ZL201110389923.7) 和工作面煤层采 前立体探测方法 （专利号为 ZL201210112477.X) 组成立体探测方法 （图 4、 5) [0028] First, adopt multi-directional advanced detection method of roadway (patent number: ZL 201110095155.4), multi-parameter spatial mapping method of roadway advanced detection data (patent number: ZL201110389923.7) and three-dimensional detection method of coal seam before working face (patent No. ZL201210112477.X) constitutes a stereo detection method (Figures 4, 5)
， 査明煤矿井下采掘地区原始状态下的地下水静态赋存特征， 査明掘进巷道迎 头前方、 侧前方、 顶板、 底板及工作面顶板、 底板、 ***等多个方位地下水分 布情况、 地下水保护层完整情况、 天然导水通道发育情况等。 Find the static occurrence characteristics of groundwater in the original state of underground mining areas, and find out the groundwater distribution in the front, front side, roof, floor and working face roof, floor and periphery of the roadway, and the groundwater protection layer is intact. Situation, development of natural water conduits, etc.
[0029] 对矿区地下水静态赋存特征进行全方位、 无损探査， 査明地下含水层空间富水 位置、 范围以及断层、 陷落柱等天然导水通道发育情况， 尽量不使用钻探等对 含水层构成损伤和破坏的勘探手段， 是做好地下水保护工作的第一步。 [0029] Carry out omnidirectional and non-destructive exploration of the static occurrence characteristics of groundwater in the mining area, ascertain the location and extent of the rich water in the underground aquifer, and the development of natural water guiding channels such as faults and subsided columns, and try not to use drilling to form aquifers. The means of exploration for damage and destruction is the first step in doing a good job in groundwater protection.
[0030] 二、 根据前述对地下水静态赋存特征、 地下水保护层完整情况、 天然导水通道 的探测和监测结果， 找到地下水保护层局部薄弱地段和导水通道及存在地下水 泄漏危险的地段， 采取对地下水保护层局部薄弱地段注浆加固、 对导水通道及 存在地下水泄漏危险的地段进行注浆封堵等措施。 本发明采用高压水射流钻进 技术， 对工作面周围存在的天然导水通道、 人为导水通道及存在地下水泄漏危 险的地段进行注浆封堵， 对地下水保护层局部薄弱地段进行注浆加固， 最大限 度地补强地下水保护层， 使其成为有足够强度的完整地下水保护层， 快速和精 确钻进、 快速注浆、 快速治理， 在第一吋间将地下水泄漏消灭在萌芽状态， 达 到保护地下水的目的。 [0030] 2. According to the foregoing static occurrence characteristics of the groundwater, the integrity of the groundwater protective layer, and the detection and monitoring results of the natural water guiding channel, find a local weak ground section and a water guiding channel of the groundwater protective layer and a section where there is a danger of groundwater leakage, Measures such as grouting and strengthening the local weakening section of the groundwater protection layer, grouting and sealing the water guiding channel and the area where there is danger of groundwater leakage. The invention adopts high-pressure water jet drilling technology to grout and block the natural water guiding channel existing around the working surface, the artificial water guiding channel and the grounding danger of groundwater leakage, and grouting and strengthening the weak part of the groundwater protective layer. Maximize the groundwater protection layer to make it a complete groundwater protection layer with sufficient strength, rapid and precise drilling, rapid grouting, rapid treatment, and eliminate groundwater leakage in the first stage to achieve protection of groundwater. the goal of.
[0031] 传统机械钻机， 施工一个 100m深的钻孔需要 2-3天， 采用高压水射流钻进技术 仅仅需要 1-2个小吋， 而且钻孔定位准确， 终孔位置偏差一般在 2-3米之内。 对于 天然导水通道及人工导水通道的封堵， 要突出一个快字。 快速发现、 快速封堵 ， 通过高压纯水泥浆灌注， 在第一吋间封堵导水通道， 将地下水泄漏危险消灭 在萌芽状态。
[0032] 考虑到回采前、 后工作面周围地应力场的变化， 岩层发生变形破坏在所难免， 在地下水保护层局部薄弱地段注浆加固工作中， 通过在水泥浆液中加入粘土、 粉煤灰等材料， 在提高地下水保护层抗压强度的同吋， 有针对性地增加注浆材 料的柔性， 提高保护层抗塑性变形能力， 对有效保护地下水十分有益。 [0031] For a traditional mechanical drilling machine, it takes 2-3 days to construct a 100m deep borehole. The high pressure water jet drilling technology only needs 1-2 small flaws, and the drilling position is accurate. The final hole position deviation is generally 2 Within 3 meters. For the sealing of natural water guiding channels and artificial water guiding channels, a fast word should be highlighted. Rapid detection, rapid sealing, perfusion through high-pressure pure cement slurry, sealing the water guiding channel between the first day, eliminating the danger of groundwater leakage in the bud. [0032] Considering the change of the geostress field around the working face before and after mining, it is inevitable that the rock layer will be deformed and destroyed. In the grouting reinforcement work of the weak ground part of the groundwater protective layer, clay and fly ash are added to the cement slurry. Other materials, in the same way to improve the compressive strength of the groundwater protective layer, increase the flexibility of the grouting material, improve the resistance of the protective layer to plastic deformation, and is very beneficial for effective protection of groundwater.
[0033] 或者留设保水煤柱。 [0033] Or leave a water retention coal column.
[0034] 注浆和留设保水煤柱的选择， 可根据实际的成本、 风险程度等情况进行选择。 [0034] The selection of grouting and retaining the water retaining coal column can be selected according to actual cost, degree of risk, and the like.
[0035] 实施例 2 [0035] Example 2
[0036] 一、 采用巷道多方位超前探测方法 （专利号为 ZL 201110095155.4) 、 巷道超前 探测数据的多参数空间成图法 （专利号为 ZL201110389923.7) 和工作面煤层采 前立体探测方法 （专利号为 ZL201210112477.X) 组成立体探测方法 （图 4、 5) [0036] First, the multi-directional advanced detection method of the roadway (patent No. ZL 201110095155.4), the multi-parameter space mapping method of the roadway advanced detection data (patent number ZL201110389923.7) and the pre-series three-dimensional detection method of the working face coal seam (patent No. ZL201210112477.X) constitutes a stereo detection method (Figures 4, 5)
， 査明煤矿井下采掘地区原始状态下的地下水静态赋存特征， 査明掘进巷道迎 头前方、 侧前方、 顶板、 底板及工作面顶板、 底板、 ***等多个方位地下水分 布情况、 地下水保护层完整情况、 天然导水通道发育情况等。 Find the static occurrence characteristics of groundwater in the original state of underground mining areas, and find out the groundwater distribution in the front, front side, roof, floor and working face roof, floor and periphery of the roadway, and the groundwater protection layer is intact. Situation, development of natural water conduits, etc.
[0037] 对矿区地下水静态赋存特征进行全方位、 无损探査， 査明地下含水层空间富水 位置、 范围以及断层、 陷落柱等天然导水通道发育情况， 尽量不使用钻探等对 含水层构成损伤和破坏的勘探手段， 是做好地下水保护工作的第一步。 [0037] Carry out omnidirectional and non-destructive exploration of the static occurrence characteristics of groundwater in the mining area, ascertain the location and extent of the rich water in the underground aquifer, as well as the development of natural water guiding channels such as faults and subsided columns, and try to construct the aquifer without using drilling. The means of exploration for damage and destruction is the first step in doing a good job in groundwater protection.
[0038] 二、 采用微震监测技术， 对采煤工作面及周围地区含水层以及地下水保护层在 采煤期间岩层破裂情况进行全程动态监测。 以便及吋发现问题， 及吋采取措施 ， 在第一吋间预防和避免采煤过程中地下水泄漏及突水事故的发生。 [0038] Second, the microseismic monitoring technology is used to dynamically monitor the rock fracture during the coal mining face and the surrounding aquifer and the groundwater protective layer during coal mining. In order to avoid problems and to take measures to prevent and avoid groundwater leakage and water inrush accidents during coal mining.
[0039] 自然状态下地下水赋存在一个特定环境即含水层内， 处于一种平衡状态。 含水 层附近煤层采出后， 采煤工作面位置形成采空区 （储水空间或过水通道） ， 顶 底板岩层产生垮落、 形成采动裂隙， 这些裂隙一旦与含水层沟通， 就会成为地 下水的人为导水通道， 地下水就会流入采空区并经过采空区排出地面， 造成对 地下水资源的破坏。 上述裂隙形成过程以及地下水冲破周围岩层流入采空区的 过程， 其实就是工作面周围岩层的破裂过程， 都会伴随一次次微小的地震事件 。 本发明采取微震监测技术， 通过对采煤工作面附近岩层内微震事件发生的吋 间、 频度、 能量及空间分布情况等等多个方面进行监测、 分析， 就可以捕捉到 地下水发生流动、 变化的信息， 收集地下水发生流动、 变化以及可能发生泄漏
的信息； 了解天然导水通道稳定性情况和因采掘活动形成的人为导水通道发育 情况， 进而为快速采取地下水保护措施提供依据。 [0039] Under natural conditions, groundwater is present in a specific environment, ie, within an aquifer, in an equilibrium state. After the coal seam near the aquifer is mined, the coal mining face is formed into a goaf (water storage space or water passage), and the top and bottom rock layers are degraded to form mining fissures. Once these fissures communicate with the aquifer, they will become The artificial water channel of groundwater will flow into the goaf and pass through the goaf to the ground, causing damage to groundwater resources. The above-mentioned fissure formation process and the process of groundwater breaking through the surrounding rock formation into the goaf are actually the rupture process of the rock formation around the working face, accompanied by minor earthquake events. The invention adopts the microseismic monitoring technology to capture and analyze the groundwater flow and change by monitoring and analyzing the daytime, frequency, energy and spatial distribution of the microseismic events in the rock formation near the coal mining face. Information, collecting groundwater flow, changes, and possible leakage Information; understanding the stability of natural water-conducting channels and the development of artificial water-conducting channels formed by mining activities, and thus providing a basis for rapid groundwater protection measures.
[0040] 微震监测技术的具体实施方式为： 将检波器沿工作面巷道顶板、 底板、 左帮、 右帮布置成环状， 各个检波器通过专用数据线连接在同一监测器上， 形成一个 监测单元； 沿工作面上、 下顺槽间隔 200-300米布置一个监测单元， 多个监测单 元组成一个完整的工作面监测网络。 一个监测单元， 监测、 控制范围可以覆盖 半径为 300-500米的球体空间。 根据工作面回采进度， 监测分站采用递进式交替 移动方式向外移动， 实现对整个工作面及周围岩层的连续、 全覆盖监测。 [0040] The specific implementation manner of the microseismic monitoring technology is: arranging the detector along the top surface of the working surface roadway, the bottom plate, the left side, and the right side into a ring shape, and each detector is connected to the same monitor through a dedicated data line to form a monitoring. Unit: A monitoring unit is arranged along the working surface and the lower slot at intervals of 200-300 meters. The multiple monitoring units form a complete working surface monitoring network. A monitoring unit, the monitoring and control range can cover the sphere space with a radius of 300-500 meters. According to the progress of the working face mining, the monitoring sub-station moves outwards in a progressive alternating manner to achieve continuous and full coverage monitoring of the entire working face and surrounding rock formations.
[0041] 整个监测过程要贯穿工作面准备期至工作面回采结束一段吋间， 确保对整个监 测周期内地下水保护层变化情况、 周围天然导水通道稳定性情况、 人为导水通 道发育情况、 地下水可能发生泄漏地段的全程动态监测。 [0041] The whole monitoring process should run through the preparation period of the working face to the end of the mining face of the working face to ensure the change of the groundwater protective layer during the whole monitoring period, the stability of the surrounding natural water guiding channel, the development of the artificial water guiding channel, and the groundwater. Dynamic monitoring of the entire area of the leak may occur.
[0042] 三、 根据前述对地下水静态赋存特征、 地下水保护层完整情况、 天然导水通道 及人为导水通道发育情况、 地下水动态变化的探测和监测结果， 找到地下水保 护层局部薄弱地段和导水通道及存在地下水泄漏危险的地段， 采取对地下水保 护层局部薄弱地段进行注浆加固、 对导水通道及存在地下水泄漏危险的地段进 行注浆封堵等措施。 本发明采用高压水射流钻进技术， 对工作面周围存在的天 然导水通道、 人为导水通道及存在地下水泄漏危险的地段进行注浆封堵， 对地 下水保护层局部薄弱地段进行注浆加固， 快速和精确钻进、 快速注浆、 快速治 理， 在第一吋间将地下水泄漏消灭在萌芽状态， 达到保护地下水的目的。 [0042] 3. According to the foregoing static occurrence characteristics of groundwater, the integrity of the groundwater protective layer, the development of natural water guiding channels and artificial water guiding channels, and the detection and monitoring results of groundwater dynamic changes, find local weak ground sections and guides of groundwater protective layers. In the water passages and areas where there is a danger of groundwater leakage, measures such as grouting and strengthening the local weakened sections of the groundwater protection layer, grouting and sealing the water guiding channels and the areas where there is danger of groundwater leakage shall be taken. The invention adopts high-pressure water jet drilling technology to grout and block the natural water guiding channel existing around the working surface, the artificial water guiding channel and the grounding danger of groundwater leakage, and grouting and strengthening the weak part of the groundwater protective layer. Rapid and precise drilling, rapid grouting, and rapid treatment eliminate the groundwater leakage in the first stage to protect the groundwater.
[0043] 或者留设保水煤柱。 [0043] Or leave a water retaining coal column.
[0044] 实施例 3: Example 3:
[0045] 某矿 2120工作面为 12#煤掘进工作面， 设计走向长 1208m。 [0045] The 2120 working face of a mine is 12# coal driving face, and the design direction is 1208m long.
[0046] 某年 12月 24日， 2120工作面上部 9#煤 2298工作面运道掘进中发生底板涌水， 最大涌水量为 172m 3/h， 致使附近 2278工作面被淹、 整个矿井北翼停产。 [0046] On December 24th of the year, the water in the floor of the 9# coal 2298 working surface was drilled in the 2120 working face. The maximum water inflow was 172m 3 / h, causing the nearby 2278 working face to be flooded and the entire mine to stop production.
[0047] 13年后， 2120工作面风道掘进到 918m位置， 课题组采用"巷道多方位超前探测 方法" （专利号 ZL 201110095155.4、 ZL201110389923.7) ， 对迎头前方高水位异 常区进行多方位、 立体探测。 [1347] After 13 years, the 2120 working face tunnel was drilled to the 918m position. The research team adopted the "multi-directional advanced detection method of the roadway" (patent No. ZL 201110095155.4, ZL201110389923.7) to carry out multi-directionality on the high water level anomaly area in front of the head. Stereoscopic detection.
[0048] 图 2是 2120工作面风道巷道多方位超前探测工程布置图； 图 3A、 图 3B是图 2的
[0049] 图中显示， 巷道前方存在一个与风道近似垂直的低阻异常带 3 (粗虚线圈定区 域） 。 该异常平面上呈 NNE向条带状展布， 与风道近似垂直， 空间上呈倾斜带 状展布， 分析认为为导水断层反映。 2 is a multi-directional advanced detection engineering layout diagram of a 2120 working face air duct roadway; FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are FIG. [0049] The figure shows that there is a low-resistance anomaly band 3 (rough-dummy coil-fixed area) which is approximately perpendicular to the air passage in front of the roadway. The anomalous plane is NNE-striped in a strip shape, which is approximately perpendicular to the air duct, and is spatially inclined in the shape of a strip, which is considered to be reflected by the water-conducting fault.
[0050] 考虑到该断层横跨 2120工作面 （设计） ， 巷道继续掘进及工作面回采发生突水 事故的可能很大， 因此， 矿方决定改变原设计方案， 风道停止掘进， 留设保水 煤柱 （因为此位置处于两个矿边缘， 矿产资源少， 且注浆成本高， 幵采风险大 ， 所以留设保水煤柱） ， 工作面后退 300m重新布置回采***。 避免了一次可能 发生的掘进突水和地下水泄漏事故的发生。 [0050] Considering that the fault spans the 2120 working face (design), the roadway continues to dig and the water in the working face may have a water inrush accident. Therefore, the mine decides to change the original design plan, the tunnel stops to dig, and retains water retention. Coal pillar (because this location is at the edge of two mines, the mineral resources are small, and the grouting cost is high, the mining risk is high, so the water retaining coal pillar is left), and the working face is retreated 300m to re-arrange the mining system. A possible occurrence of tunneling water inrush and groundwater leakage accidents was avoided.
[0051] 实施例 4: Example 4:
[0052] 某矿井 9315工作面主采石炭系 9#煤。 工作面底板下距奥灰含水层 33m， 承受奥 灰水压 1.2〜1.4MPa。 [0052] A mining mine 9315 working face main mining carboniferous system 9 # coal. The bottom surface of the working face is 33m away from the aquifer, and it can withstand the water pressure of 1.2~1.4MPa.
[0053] 某年 12月 5〜8日， 课题组采用工作面煤层采前立体探测方法 （专利号 ZL [0053] In the year of December 5~8, the research team adopted the three-dimensional detection method of coal seam before working face (patent number ZL)
201210112477.X) ) ， 圈定含水异常 5处， 见图 1中 1#、 2#、 3#、 4#、 5#。 201210112477.X)), delineate 5 water-containing anomalies, as shown in Figure 1 in 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5#.
[0054] 此后， 根据探测结果， 矿方对工作面底板 （存在地下水泄漏危险的地段） 进行 钻孔注浆加固， 采用高压水射流钻进技术， 快速和精确钻进、 快速注浆。 其中 ， 工作面底板注浆孔 55个， 注浆 1299.45t， 进入 4#异常区的 WS4-1钻孔， 孔深 73. 6m, 水量 15m 3/h， 单孔注入水泥 950t， 占整个工作面 55个钻孔注浆总量的 67.9% [0054] Thereafter, according to the detection result, the mine side drills and grouts the floor of the working face (the section where there is danger of groundwater leakage), and adopts high-pressure water jet drilling technology to quickly and accurately drill and quickly grout. Among them, there are 55 grouting holes in the working face, grouting 1294.45t, entering the WS4-1 borehole in the 4# anomaly area, the hole depth is 73.6m, the water volume is 15m 3 /h, and the single hole is injected into the cement 950t, which accounts for the whole working face. 67.9% of the total 55 grout grouting
[0055] 该工程的实施， 成功封堵了工作面底板一个天然导水通道， 有效消除了工作面 回采突水隐患， 避免了一次回采突水事故。 [0055] The implementation of the project successfully blocked a natural water guiding channel on the working surface floor, effectively eliminating the hidden danger of the mining face and avoiding a water inrush accident.
[0056] 目前， 工作面已安全回采， 达到了采煤保水目的。 [0056] At present, the working face has been safely harvested, and the purpose of coal mining and water conservation has been achieved.
工业实用性 Industrial applicability
[0057] 在此处键入工业实用性描述段落。 [0057] Enter the paragraph of industrial applicability description here.
序列表自由内容 Sequence table free content
[0058] 在此处键入序列表自由内容描述段落。
[0058] Type the sequence table free content description paragraph here.
Claims
[权利要求 1] 一种用于采煤过程中的保水方法， 其特征在于包括如下步骤： 一、 采用立体探测技术对煤矿井下采掘地区的地下水静态赋存特 征、 地下水保护层完整情况及天然导水通道发育情况进行立体探 二、 结合探测得到的结果， 找到地下水保护层中的薄弱地段及导 水通道以及存在地下水泄漏危险的地段， 采用高压水射流钻进技 术， 通过快速、 精确钻进， 快速注浆封堵导水通道和存在地下水 泄漏危险的地段、 注浆加固地下水保护层或者留设保水煤柱。 [Claim 1] A water conservation method used in the coal mining process, characterized by including the following steps: 1. Using three-dimensional detection technology to determine the static occurrence characteristics of groundwater, the integrity of the groundwater protective layer and the natural conduction in the underground mining area of the coal mine. Conduct three-dimensional exploration of the development of water channels. Second, combine the detection results to find weak areas and water conduction channels in the groundwater protective layer and areas with risk of groundwater leakage. Use high-pressure water jet drilling technology to drill quickly and accurately. Rapid grouting is used to seal water conduits and areas where there is a risk of groundwater leakage, grouting is used to reinforce the groundwater protective layer or to leave water-retaining coal pillars.
[权利要求 2] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种用于采煤过程中的保水方法， 其特征在 于上述第一步和第二步之间还采用微震监测技术对采煤工作面及 周围地区含水层以及地下水保护层采煤期间岩层破裂情况进行全 程动态监测， 通过对采煤工作面附近岩层的微震事件吋、 空分布 情况进行监测、 分析， 收集地下水发生流动、 地下水保护层变化 、 天然导水通道稳定性、 人为导水通道发育情况以及存在地下水 泄漏危险的地段的信息。 [Claim 2] A water conservation method used in the coal mining process according to claim 1, characterized in that microseismic monitoring technology is also used between the first and second steps to monitor the coal mining face and surrounding areas. The whole-process dynamic monitoring of rock formation fractures in aquifers and groundwater protective layers during coal mining is carried out. By monitoring and analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of microseismic events in rock strata near the coal mining face, the groundwater flow, groundwater protective layer changes, and natural conduction data are collected. Information on the stability of water channels, the development of man-made water channels, and areas at risk of groundwater leakage.
[权利要求 3] 根据权利要求 2所述的一种用于采煤过程中的保水方法， 其特征在 于所述的微震监测技术的具体实施方式为： 检波器沿工作面巷道 顶板、 底板、 左帮、 右帮布置成环状， 各个检波器通过数据线连 接在同一监测器上， 形成一个监测单元； 沿工作面上、 下顺槽间 隔 200-300米布置一个监测单元， 多个监测单元形成一个完整的工 作面监测网络。 [Claim 3] A water conservation method used in the coal mining process according to claim 2, characterized in that the specific implementation of the microseismic monitoring technology is: the geophone is installed along the roof, bottom and left of the tunnel of the working face. The top and right sides are arranged in a ring, and each detector is connected to the same monitor through a data line to form a monitoring unit; a monitoring unit is arranged along the working surface and down the trough at an interval of 200-300 meters, and multiple monitoring units form a A complete working surface monitoring network.
[权利要求 4] 根据权利要求 1所述的一种用于采煤过程中的保水方法， 其特征在 于上述第一步中， 立体探测技术为巷道多方位超前探测方法、 巷 道超前探测数据的多参数空间成图法和工作面煤层采前立体探测 方法结合使用的探测技术。
[Claim 4] A water conservation method used in the coal mining process according to claim 1, characterized in that in the above-mentioned first step, the three-dimensional detection technology is a multi-directional advance detection method of the tunnel and a multi-directional advance detection data of the tunnel. It is a detection technology that combines the parameter space mapping method and the three-dimensional detection method before coal seam mining in the working face.
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