WO2015155411A1

WO2015155411A1 - Mbsfn rsrq measurements

Info

Publication number: WO2015155411A1
Application number: PCT/FI2015/050225
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jorma Kaikkonen; Lars Dalsgaard
Original assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy
Priority date: 2014-04-11
Filing date: 2015-03-31
Publication date: 2015-10-15

Abstract

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for MBSFN measurements. In one aspect there is provided a method. The method may include measuring, by the user equipment, a received signal strength indication in order to determine reference signal received quality, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least one ofall symbols in asubframe, all the symbols belonging to a multicast broadcast signal frequency portionof the subframe, and/or all non-reference symbols in the subframe. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Description

MBSFN RSRQ MEASUREMENTS

Field

The subject matter described herein relates to wireless communications. Background

Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS) relates to a multicasting services broadcast by one or more cellular base stations. For example, a cellular network may provide an application, such as mobile television as well as other applications, to one or more user equipment using for example a multicast broadcast single-frequency network (MBSFN) in which base stations transmit on the same frequency in a coordinated way to provide for example the mobile television broadcast as well as other applications. The one or more user equipment may be configured to perform MBSFN measurements, and report those measurements to the network. The measurement and reporting may be directed by the network and/or specified by a standard.

User equipment measurement and performance requirements may dictate the use of various measurements. For example, a subset of the downlink subframes in a radio frame on a carrier supporting physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) transmission may be configured as MBSFN subframes by higher layers. Each MBSFN subframe may be divided into a non-MBSFN region and an MBSFN region. The non- MBSFN region may span the first one or two OFDM symbols in an MBSFN subframe, in which the length of the non-MBSFN region may be defined by a standard, such as 3GPP TS 36.21 1 . The MBSFN region in an MBSFN subframe may be defined as the orthogonal frequency divisional multiplexing (OFDM) symbols not used for the non- MBSFN region.

Summary

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for MBSFN measurements.

In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method. The method may include measuring, by the user equipment, a received signal strength indication in order to determine reference signal received quality, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least one of all symbols in a subframe, all the symbols belonging to a multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe, and/or all non-reference symbols in the subframe.

In some variations, one or more of the features disclosed herein including the following features can optionally be included in any feasible combination. The received signal strength indication may be measured based on at least the all symbols in the subframe including one or more reference symbols and one or more non-reference symbols. The received signal strength indication may be measured based on at least the all the symbols belonging to the multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe including one or more reference symbols and one or more non-reference symbols. The received signal strength indication may be measured based on at least the all non-reference symbols in the subframe comprising the multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe. The received signal strength indication may be measured based on at least the all non-reference symbols in the subframe comprising the non-multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe. The determined reference signal received quality may be reported to the network. The reporting may be at least one of specified in a standard or signaled to the user equipment by the network. The user equipment may receive an indication of a type reference signal received quality measurement to perform.

Description of Drawings

In the drawings,

FIG. 1 depict an example of a system configured for multicast broadcast single- frequency network and associated RSRQ measurements, in accordance with some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 2 depict an example of a process for multicast broadcast single-frequency network and associated RSRQ measurements, in accordance with some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 3 depicts an example of a user equipment, in accordance with some exemplary embodiments; and

FIG. 4 depicts an example of a base station, in accordance with some exemplary embodiments.

Like labels are used to refer to same or similar items in the drawings. Detailed Description

In Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), reference signal receive quality (RSRQ) was initially defined so that a user equipment measures 6 center physical resource blocks of the carrier. This type of RSRQ measurement may enable the network to not need to signal to the user equipment the carrier bandwidth of configured carriers (including the bandwidth used by neighbor cells on same carrier as serving carrier) in order to perform measurements including the RSRQ measurements. The RSRQ may be determined as a ratio of reference signal received power (RSRP) over the RSSI. Not signaling the carrier bandwidth information to the user equipment may reduce signaling needs, especially in the case of for example E- UTRAN where there is a wide range of different supportable bandwidths. Moreover, by making the RSRQ measurements bandwidth agnostic so to speak, a minimum performance requirement may be provided and defined independently from the bandwidth being used or considered. E-UTRAN may also allow an option of signaling the user equipment to perform wideband RSRQ measurements when the carrier bandwidth equals or is larger than 50 physical resource blocks (PRBs), which is about 10MHz.

In some example embodiments, there may be provided that, in the case of MBSFN measurements, the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) portion of the MBSFN RSRQ may be measured using all of the OFDM symbols in the subframe(s) in which the MBSFN RSRQ is measured. This MBSFN RSRQ measurement may, in some example embodiments, provide the network with measurements, which may represent the actual load more precisely in connection with MBSFN measurements, when compared to past approaches.

In order to better account for the MBSFN transmission and possible adjacent channel interference, the RSSI measurement may, in some example embodiments, be measured only from the OFDM symbols belonging to the MBSFN region of the MBMS subframe (per the physical multicast channel, PMCH).

In some example embodiments, the RSSI measurements may, in some example embodiments, be extended to the non-MBSFN region of the MBMS subframe as well (for example, the RSSI measurements may be extended to the whole subframe). The RSSI measurement may, in some example embodiments, include measurements which contain the MBMS reference symbols and/or symbols which do not contain the MBMS reference symbols.

In some example embodiments, the RSRQ measurement performed by a user equipment may be defined as a single definition, although the RSRQ measurement may have a plurality of definitions. In the case of a plurality of definitions, the network may signal to the user equipment which of the plurality of RSRQ measurements should be used. For example, network may signal the user equipment to use an existing MBSFN RSRQ measurements (for example, the 6 center physical resource blocks of the carrier definition for MBSFN RSRQ measurements) and/or the MBSFN RSRQ measurement across all OFDM symbols of an MBSFN portion of a subframe being measured as disclosed for example herein at for example Tables 1 , 2, and/o 3, and/or a combination thereof. The network may signal the user equipment with the MBSFN RSRQ measurements when configuring MBSFN measurements, although the configuration may be performed in other ways as well.

Table 1 below provides an example definition for the MBSFN RSRQ measurements, in accordance with some example embodiments. In the example of Table 1 , the MBSFN RSRQ measurement may be defined in a standard, and performed by a user equipment. Referring to Table 1 , the RSSI portion of the RSRQ measurement is performed over all OFDM symbols in the subframe, as indicated below. In some example embodiments, the RSRQ measurement is made only in subframes and on carriers where the user equipment is decoding the PMCH.

Table 1 : MBSFN Reference Signal Received Quality (MBSFN RSRQ)

Table 2 depicts an example definition for MBSFN RSRQ in which the user equipment may use OFDM symbols in the subframe excluding the OFDM symbols containing the reference symbols, in accordance with some example embodiments. In some example embodiments, the RSRQ measurement at Table 2 is made only in subframes and on carriers where the user equipment is decoding the PMCH.

Table 2: MBSFN Reference Signal Received Quality (MBSFN RSRQ)

In the example of Table 3 below, the MBSFN RSRQ definition may include use all OFDM symbols belonging to the MBSFN part of the sub-frame to measure the RSSI, in accordance with some example embodiments. In some example embodiments, the RSRQ measurement at Table 3 is made only in subframes and on carriers where the user equipment is decoding the PMCH. Table 3: MBSFN Reference Signal Received Quality (MBSFN RSRQ)

In some example embodiments, the network may signal to the user equipment reporting requirements for MBSFN RSRQ measurements. For example, the network may indicate to the user equipment whether the user equipment should report results only relating to a certain type of MBSFN RSRQ measurement or if the user equipment should report other types of RSRQ metric types. The user equipment may thus be configured to (or by default) report RSRQ measurement results measured using one or more RSRQ metrics/definitions as a baseline.

In some example embodiments, the network may signal the user equipment (for example, using radio resource control, RRC, signaling used in connection with MBSFN measurements) the type of MBSFN RSRQ measurement to be used. For example, if three different MBSFN RSRQ measurement types are defined, the network may signal which of the MBSFN RSRQ types, such as Table 1 , Table 2, and/or Table 3 should be used.

Moreover, the user equipment may be configured to measure and report one or more of the different types of MSFSN RSRQ. For example, the network may signal which type(s) should be reported. To illustrate, the network may signal to use an existing RSSI/RSRQ definition (for example, the 6 PRB RSRQ noted above) and report the measurement to the network. The signaling may, alternatively or additionally, indicate that the user equipment should report RSRQ based on RSSI measured using all OFDM symbols belonging to the MBSFN part of the subframe (including RS and non- RS symbols). Alternatively or additionally, the signaling may indicate that the reporting should include RSRQ based on RSSI measurements using all OFDM symbols in the entire subframe including RS and non-RS symbols. Alternatively or additionally, the signaling may indicate that the reporting should include RSRQ based on RSSI measured using only non-reference symbol OFDM symbols in the subframe (either the MBSFN part only or whole sub-frame). Alternatively or additionally, the user equipment may be required to perform these measurements per a default configuration, and then report all RSRQ results using one or more RSRQ metrics to network. Alternatively or additionally, the user equipment may indicate to the network which metric has been used when for example reporting the measurement results.

Before providing additional examples related to MBSFN RSRQ, the following provides a description of an example of a system, in accordance with some example embodiments.

FIG. 1 depicts a system 100 including a core network 190 which may be coupled via one or more backhaul links/networks to a plurality of base stations, such as base stations 1 10A-C serving cells 1 12A-C, and corresponding user equipment 1 14A-C. Although FIG. 1 depicts a certain quantity and configuration of devices, other quantities and configurations may be implemented as well. For example, other quantities and configurations of base stations/access points, cells, and user equipment may be implemented as well.

In some example embodiments, user equipment, such as 1 14A-C, may be implemented as a mobile device and/or a stationary device. The user equipment may be referred to as, for example, a wireless device, a mobile station, a mobile unit, a subscriber station, a wireless terminal, a tablet, a smart phone, and/or the like. In some example embodiments, user equipment 1 14 may be implemented as multi-mode user devices configured to operate using a plurality of radio access technologies, although a single-mode device may be used as well. For example, user equipment 1 14 may be configured to operate using a plurality of radio access technologies including one or more of the following: Long Term Evolution (LTE), wireless local area network (WLAN) technology, such as 802.1 1 WiFi and the like, Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy (BT-LE), near field communications (NFC), and any other radio access technologies. The user equipment may be located within the coverage area of a cell or multiple cells.

The base stations, such as base stations 1 10A-C may, in some example embodiments, be configured as an evolved Node B (eNB) type base station, although other types of base stations and wireless access points may be used as well. In the case of eNB type base station, the base station may be configured in accordance with standards, including the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards, such as 3GPP TS 36.201 , Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Long Term Evolution (LTE) physical layer; General description, 3GPP TS 36.21 1 , Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation, 3GPP TS 36.212, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Multiplexing and channel coding, 3GPP TS 36.213, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E- UTRA); Physical layer procedures, 3GPP TS 36.214, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical layer - Measurements, and any subsequent additions or revisions to these and other 3GPP series of standards (collectively referred to as LTE standards). The base stations may also be configured to serve cells using a WLAN technology, such as WiFi (for example, the IEEE 802.1 1 series of standards), as well as any other radio access technology capable of serving a cell. In the example of FIG.1 , base station/access point 1 10C may be configured to serve small cell using WiFi, although any other radio access technology may be used as well. The base stations may have wired and/or wireless backhaul links to other networks and/or network nodes including core network 190. Although some of the examples described herein refer to E-UTRAN, other types of networks, such as UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access network), WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access), HSPA (High Speed Packet Access), and/or any other type of radio network. Moreover, the base stations may be configured to support MBMS and, as such, a MBSFN to one or more user equipment 1 14A-C.

FIG. 2A depicts an example process for MBSFN RSRQ measurements, in accordance with some example embodiments.

At 202, the network, such as base station 1 10C, may signal the user equipment, such as user equipment 1 14A, to perform one or more MBSFN RSRQ measurements, in

Claims

accordance with some example embodiments. The signaling may be sent via RRC signaling to user equipment 1 14A, and may indicate which type of RSRQ measurement is to be performed by the user equipment 1 14A. For example, the signaling may indicate whether the RSSI/RSRQ should be an existing type (for example, made over the 6 PRB RSRQ noted above), or whether the RSRQ should be measured as disclosed herein, such as using the RSSI over all OFDM symbols belonging only to the MBSFN part of the subframe (including RS and non-RS symbols), using the RSSI measured using all OFDM symbols in the entire subframe (including RS and non-RS symbols), and/or using RSSI measured using only non- reference symbol OFDM symbols in the subframe (either the MBSFN part only and/or whole sub-frame). At 204, the user equipment 1 14A may perform the measurements signaled at 202. For example, user equipment 1 14A may measure RSRQ using the RSSI measured in all OFDM symbols belonging to the MBSFN part of the subframe (including RS and non-RS symbols), using the RSSI measured using all OFDM symbols in the subframe (including RS and non-RS symbols), and/or using RSSI measured using only non- reference symbol OFDM symbols in the subframe (either the MBSFN part only or whole sub-frame). At 206, the user equipment 1 14A may report the measurements made at 204, in accordance with some example embodiments. For example, the user equipment 1 14A may be configured at 202 to report the measurements made at 204. Moreover, the signaled configuration may specify which type of MBSFN RSRQ to report. For example, whether the MBSFN RSRQ made using the RSSI of all OFDM symbols belonging to the MBSFN part of the subframe (including RS and non-RS symbols), using the RSSI measured using all OFDM symbols in the entire subframe (including RS and non-RS symbols), and/or using RSSI measured using only non-reference symbol OFDM symbols in the subframe (either the MBSFN part only or whole sub- frame) should be reported to the network. FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus 10, in accordance with some example embodiments. The apparatus 10 (or portions thereof) may be configured to provide a user equipment, a communicator, a machine type communication device, a wireless device, a wearable device, a smartphone, a cellular phone, a wireless sensor/device. The apparatus 10 may include at least one antenna 12 in communication with a transmitter 14 and a receiver 16. Alternatively transmit and receive antennas may be separate. The apparatus 10 may also include a processor 20 configured to provide signals to and receive signals from the transmitter and receiver, respectively, and to control the functioning of the apparatus. Processor 20 may be configured to control the functioning of the transmitter and receiver by effecting control signaling via electrical leads to the transmitter and receiver. Likewise, processor 20 may be configured to control other elements of apparatus 10 by effecting control signaling via electrical leads connecting processor 20 to the other elements, such as a display or a memory. The processor 20 may, for example, be embodied in a variety of ways including circuitry, at least one processing core, one or more microprocessors with accompanying digital signal processor(s), one or more processor(s) without an accompanying digital signal processor, one or more coprocessors, one or more multi- core processors, one or more controllers, processing circuitry, one or more computers, various other processing elements including integrated circuits (for example, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or the like), or some combination thereof. Accordingly, although illustrated in FIG. 3 as a single processor, in some example embodiments the processor 20 may comprise a plurality of processors or processing cores. Signals sent and received by the processor 20 may include signaling information in accordance with an air interface standard of an applicable cellular system, and/or any number of different wireline or wireless networking techniques, comprising but not limited to Wi-Fi, wireless local access network (WLAN) techniques, such as Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1 , 802.16, and/or the like. In addition, these signals may include speech data, user generated data, user requested data, and/or the like. The apparatus 10 may be capable of operating with one or more air interface standards, communication protocols, modulation types, access types, and/or the like. For example, the apparatus 10 and/or a cellular modem therein may be capable of operating in accordance with various first generation (1 G) communication protocols, second generation (2G or 2.5G) communication protocols, third-generation (3G) communication protocols, fourth-generation (4G) communication protocols, Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) communication protocols (for example, session initiation protocol (SIP) and/or the like. For example, the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 2G wireless communication protocols IS-136, Time Division Multiple Access TDMA, Global System for Mobile communications, GSM, IS- 95, Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA, and/or the like. In addition, for example, the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 2.5G wireless communication protocols General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), and/or the like. Further, for example, the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 3G wireless communication protocols, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), and/or the like. The apparatus 10 may be additionally capable of operating in accordance with 3.9G wireless communication protocols, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN), and/or the like. Additionally, for example, the apparatus 10 may be capable of operating in accordance with 4G wireless communication protocols, such as LTE Advanced and/or the like as well as similar wireless communication protocols that may be subsequently developed. It is understood that the processor 20 may include circuitry for implementing audio/video and logic functions of apparatus 10. For example, the processor 20 may comprise a digital signal processor device, a microprocessor device, an analog-to- digital converter, a digital-to-analog converter, and/or the like. Control and signal processing functions of the apparatus 10 may be allocated between these devices according to their respective capabilities. The processor 20 may additionally comprise an internal voice coder (VC) 20a, an internal data modem (DM) 20b, and/or the like. Further, the processor 20 may include functionality to operate one or more software programs, which may be stored in memory. In general, processor 20 and stored software instructions may be configured to cause apparatus 10 to perform actions. For example, processor 20 may be capable of operating a connectivity program, such as a web browser. The connectivity program may allow the apparatus 10 to transmit and receive web content, such as location-based content, according to a protocol, such as wireless application protocol, WAP, hypertext transfer protocol, HTTP, and/or the like. Apparatus 10 may also comprise a user interface including, for example, an earphone or speaker 24, a ringer 22, a microphone 26, a display 28, a user input interface, and/or the like, which may be operationally coupled to the processor 20. The display 28 may, as noted above, include a touch sensitive display, where a user may touch and/or gesture to make selections, enter values, and/or the like. The processor 20 may also include user interface circuitry configured to control at least some functions of one or more elements of the user interface, such as the speaker 24, the ringer 22, the microphone 26, the display 28, and/or the like. The processor 20 and/or user interface circuitry comprising the processor 20 may be configured to control one or more functions of one or more elements of the user interface through computer program instructions, for example, software and/or firmware, stored on a memory accessible to the processor 20, for example, volatile memory 40, non-volatile memory 42, and/or the like. The apparatus 10 may include a battery for powering various circuits related to the mobile terminal, for example, a circuit to provide mechanical vibration as a detectable output. The user input interface may comprise devices allowing the apparatus 20 to receive data, such as a keypad 30 (which can be a virtual keyboard presented on display 28 or an externally coupled keyboard) and/or other input devices. As shown in FIG. 3, apparatus 10 may also include one or more mechanisms for sharing and/or obtaining data. For example, the apparatus 10 may include a short- range radio frequency (RF) transceiver and/or interrogator 64, so data may be shared with and/or obtained from electronic devices in accordance with RF techniques. The apparatus 10 may include other short-range transceivers, such as an infrared (IR) transceiver 66, a Bluetooth™ (BT) transceiver 68 operating using Bluetooth™ wireless technology, a wireless universal serial bus (USB) transceiver 70, a Bluetooth™ Low Energy transceiver, a ZigBee transceiver, an ANT transceiver, a cellular device-to- device transceiver, a wireless local area link transceiver, and/or any other short-range radio technology. Apparatus 10 and, in particular, the short-range transceiver may be capable of transmitting data to and/or receiving data from electronic devices within the proximity of the apparatus, such as within 10 meters, for example. The apparatus 10 including the Wi-Fi or wireless local area networking modem may also be capable of transmitting and/or receiving data from electronic devices according to various wireless networking techniques, including 6LoWpan, Wi-Fi, Wi-Fi low power, WLAN techniques such as IEEE 802.1 1 techniques, IEEE 802.15 techniques, IEEE 802.16 techniques, and/or the like. The apparatus 10 may comprise memory, such as a subscriber identity module (SIM) 38, a removable user identity module (R-UIM), a eUICC, an UICC, and/or the like, which may store information elements related to a mobile subscriber. In addition to the SIM, the apparatus 10 may include other removable and/or fixed memory. The apparatus 10 may include volatile memory 40 and/or non-volatile memory 42. For example, volatile memory 40 may include Random Access Memory (RAM) including dynamic and/or static RAM, on-chip or off-chip cache memory, and/or the like. Nonvolatile memory 42, which may be embedded and/or removable, may include, for example, read-only memory, flash memory, magnetic storage devices, for example, hard disks, floppy disk drives, magnetic tape, optical disc drives and/or media, nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM), and/or the like. Like volatile memory 40, non-volatile memory 42 may include a cache area for temporary storage of data. At least part of the volatile and/or non-volatile memory may be embedded in processor 20. The memories may store one or more software programs, instructions, pieces of information, data, and/or the like which may be used by the apparatus for performing operations, such as process 200 and/or any other operations/functions disclosed herein. The memories may comprise an identifier, such as an international mobile equipment identification (IMEI) code, capable of uniquely identifying apparatus 10. The memories may comprise an identifier, such as an international mobile equipment identification (IMEI) code, capable of uniquely identifying apparatus 10. In the example embodiment, the processor 20 may be configured using computer code stored at memory 40 and/or 42 to control and/or provide one or more aspects disclosed herein with respect to process 200 including measuring a received signal strength indication in order to determine reference signal received quality, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least one of all of symbols in a subframe and/or all the symbols belonging to a multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe. Some of the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in software, hardware, application logic, or a combination of software, hardware, and application logic. The software, application logic, and/or hardware may reside on memory 40, the control apparatus 20, or electronic components, for example. In some example embodiment, the application logic, software or an instruction set is maintained on any one of various conventional computer-readable media. In the context of this document, a "computer-readable medium" may be any non-transitory media that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transport the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer or data processor circuitry, with examples depicted at FIG. 3, computer- readable medium may comprise a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that may be any media that can contain or store the instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer. FIG. 4 depicts an example implementation of a wireless access point 500, which may be implemented at for example base station 1 10A, B, or C in accordance with some example embodiments. The wireless access point may include one or more antennas 520 configured to transmit via downlinks and configured to receive uplinks via the antenna(s) 520. The wireless access point may further include a plurality of radio interfaces 540 coupled to the antenna(s) 520. The radio interfaces 540 may correspond to a plurality of radio access technologies including one or more of LTE, WLAN, Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy, NFC, radio frequency identifier (RFID), ultrawideband (UWB), ZigBee, ANT, and the like. The radio interface 540 may include components, such as filters, converters (for example, digital-to-analog converters and the like), mappers, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) module, and the like, to generate symbols for a transmission via one or more downlinks and to receive symbols (for example, via an uplink). The wireless access point may further include one or more processors, such as processor 530, for controlling the wireless access point 500 and for accessing and executing program code stored in memory 535. In some example embodiments, the memory 535 includes code, which when executed by at least one processor, causes one or more of the operations described herein with respect to the network at process 200 including sending an indication to a UE to measure and/or report measurements of a received signal strength indication in order to determine reference signal received quality, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least one of all of symbols in a subframe and/or all of the symbols belonging to a multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe. Without in any way limiting the scope, interpretation, or application of the claims appearing below, a technical effect of one or more of the example embodiments disclosed herein is enhanced MBSFN RSRQ measurements. Moreover, a benefit of using the s new RSRQ definition would be even more significant in MBMS as the density of MBMS reference signal is higher per subframe than for non-MBMS subframes. As such, the impact from the power contained by the RS part of the RSSI may be higher than non-MBMS subframes, leading thus to an MBMS RSRQ metric which may reflect the load even less accurately than in non-MBMS RSRQ. The subject matter described herein may be embodied in systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles depending on the desired configuration. For example, the base stations and user equipment (or one or more components therein) and/or the processes described herein can be implemented using one or more of the following: a processor executing program code, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), an embedded processor, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. These computer programs (also known as programs, software, software applications, applications, components, program code, or code) include machine instructions for a programmable processor, and may be implemented in a high-level procedural and/or object-oriented programming language, and/or in assembly/machine language. As used herein, the term "computer-readable medium" refers to any computer program product, machine- readable medium, computer-readable storage medium, apparatus and/or device (for example, magnetic discs, optical disks, memory, Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)) used to provide machine instructions and/or data to a programmable processor, including a machine-readable medium that receives machine instructions. Similarly, systems are also described herein that may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory may include one or more programs that cause the processor to perform one or more of the operations described herein. Although a few variations have been described in detail above, other modifications or additions are possible. In particular, further features and/or variations may be provided in addition to those set forth herein. Moreover, the implementations described above may be directed to various combinations and subcombinations of the disclosed features and/or combinations and subcombinations of several further features disclosed above. Other embodiments may be within the scope of the following claims. If desired, the different functions discussed herein may be performed in a different order and/or concurrently with each other. Furthermore, if desired, one or more of the above-described functions may be optional or may be combined. Although various aspects of some of the embodiments are set out in the independent claims, other aspects of some of the embodiments comprise other combinations of features from the described embodiments and/or the dependent claims with the features of the independent claims, and not solely the combinations explicitly set out in the claims. It is also noted herein that while the above describes example embodiments, these descriptions should not be viewed in a limiting sense. Rather, there are several variations and modifications that may be made without departing from the scope of some of the embodiments as defined in the appended claims. Other embodiments may be within the scope of the following claims. The term "based on" includes "based on at least." The use of the phase "such as" means "such as for example" unless otherwise indicated. CLAIMS

1 . A method comprising:

measuring, by the user equipment, a received signal strength indication in order to determine reference signal received quality, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least one of all symbols in a subframe, all the symbols belonging to a multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe, and/or all non-reference symbols in the subframe.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least the all symbols in the subframe including one or more reference symbols and one or more non-reference symbols.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least the all the symbols belonging to the multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe including one or more reference symbols and one or more non-reference symbols.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least the all non-reference symbols in the subframe comprising the multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least the all non-reference symbols in the subframe comprising the non-multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

reporting to the network the determined reference signal received quality.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the reporting is at least one of specified in a standard or signaled to the user equipment by the network.

8. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

receiving, by the user equipment, an indication of a type reference signal received quality measurement to perform.

9. An apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and

at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:

measure, by the apparatus, a received signal strength indication in order to determine reference signal received quality, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least one of all symbols in a subframe, all the symbols belonging to a multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe, and/or all non-reference symbols in the subframe.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least the all symbols in the subframe including one or more reference symbols and one or more non-reference symbols.

1 1 . The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least the all the symbols belonging to the multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe including one or more reference symbols and one or more non-reference symbols.

12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least the all non-reference symbols in the subframe comprising the multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe.

13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least the all non-reference symbols in the subframe comprising the non-multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe.

14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus is further configured to at least report to the network the determined reference signal received quality.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the reporting is at least one of specified in a standard or signaled to the user equipment by the network.

16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the apparatus is further configured to at least receive an indication of a type reference signal received quality measurement to perform.

17. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including program code which when executed causes operations comprising:

18. An apparatus comprising:

means for measuring a received signal strength indication in order to determine reference signal received quality, wherein the received signal strength indication is measured based on at least one of all symbols in a subframe, all the symbols belonging to a multicast broadcast signal frequency portion of the subframe, and/or all non-reference symbols in the subframe.