WO2015146507A1 - Cutting tool - Google Patents

Cutting tool Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015146507A1
WO2015146507A1 PCT/JP2015/056225 JP2015056225W WO2015146507A1 WO 2015146507 A1 WO2015146507 A1 WO 2015146507A1 JP 2015056225 W JP2015056225 W JP 2015056225W WO 2015146507 A1 WO2015146507 A1 WO 2015146507A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cutting
coating
rake face
cutting edge
flank
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/056225
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
南　徹
恭也 山田
Original Assignee
兼房株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 兼房株式会社 filed Critical 兼房株式会社
Priority to CN201580016073.2A priority Critical patent/CN106457411B/en
Priority to EP15769762.4A priority patent/EP3106250B1/en
Priority to JP2016510185A priority patent/JP6404906B2/en
Priority to US15/122,779 priority patent/US10179366B2/en
Publication of WO2015146507A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015146507A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • B27B33/00—Sawing tools for saw mills, sawing machines, or sawing devices
    • B27B33/02—Structural design of saw blades or saw teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/24—Cross section of the cutting edge
    • B23B2200/245—Cross section of the cutting edge rounded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
    • B23B2228/10—Coatings
    • B23B2228/105—Coatings with specified thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
    • B27G13/00—Cutter blocks; Other rotary cutting tools

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cutting tool used for cutting non-ferrous metals and alloys thereof, wood, wood material or resin.
  • a cutting tool for cutting wood one with one or both sides of a rake face and a flank face covered with a hard coating has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • the hard film is formed on a base material such as tool steel by a coating process using an arc ion plating apparatus, and is formed with a film thickness of, for example, about 4 ⁇ m over the rake face and the flank face. Then, one of the rake face and the flank face is polished and bladed. Thereby, while the base material is exposed on one of the rake face and the flank face, a blade with the other of the flank face or the rake face not polished is covered with the hard coating is obtained. Note that, in order to obtain a cutting tool in which both the rake face and the flank face are covered with a hard coating, the base material is previously bladed and polished.
  • a knives with either one of the rake face or flank face coated with a hard coating requires special special grinding stones or severe polishing conditions in order to obtain good cutting quality, which increases manufacturing costs. Problems arise.
  • the rake face and flank face do not take into account the film thickness ratios of the respective faces. Since the wear rate of the steel does not change much, the shape of the worn cutting edge becomes round. That is, a double-sided coated blade, like a single-sided blade, can maintain a sharp cutting edge derived from self-polishing properties in which the surface not coated with a hard coating progresses faster than the surface coated with a hard coating. I can't expect it.
  • the cutting edge is hard due to the stress remaining locally on the cutting edge with an acute angle. It has also been found that film chipping is likely to occur.
  • the present invention has been proposed in order to suitably solve these problems related to the prior art, and a cutting tool that can suppress chipping of the cutting blade while maintaining the sharpness of the cutting blade.
  • the purpose is to provide.
  • the cutting tool provides: Cutting used to cut non-ferrous metals and their alloys, wood, wood materials or resins, having a coating formed on at least part of the rake face and flank face including the cutting edge by covering the base material
  • the coating is formed such that any one of a rake face covering portion that covers the rake face and a flank face covering portion that covers the flank face is thicker than the other,
  • the film thickness of the thicker coating part is set in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 15.0 ⁇ m, and the ratio of the film thickness of the thinner coating part to the film thickness of the thicker coating part is 0.01 to
  • the gist is that it is set to be in the range of 0.15.
  • the surface of the rake face and the flank face having the thin film thickness has a self-polishing property in which the wear progresses more than the thick film surface. Can maintain the sharpness. Moreover, chipping of the cutting edge can be suppressed by forming the coating so that the film thickness differs between the rake face and the flank face.
  • the portion corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material is 0.2 ⁇ m to 18 ⁇ m from the intersection of the extension line of the rake face and the extension line of the relief surface in the base material.
  • the gist is that they are formed so as to be separated from each other.
  • the chipping of the cutting edge is performed in the cutting tool coated with the coating over the rake face and the flank face including the part by chamfering the part corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material. Can be further suppressed.
  • the gist of the invention according to claim 3 is that a portion of the base material corresponding to the cutting edge is formed in an arc shape having a radius of 0.5 ⁇ m to 6.0 ⁇ m.
  • the invention of claim 3 in the cutting tool coated with the coating over the rake face and the flank face including the part by forming the part corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material in an arc shape, The chipping of the blade can be more suitably suppressed.
  • the invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the ratio of the film thickness of the thinner covering portion to the film thickness of the thicker covering portion is set to be in a range of 0.01 to 0.05. . According to the invention according to claim 4, by setting the ratio of the film thickness of the thinner coating part to the film thickness of the thicker coating part in the film, the ratio is set in the range of 0.01 to 0.05, Maintaining the sharpness of the cutting edge by self-polishing characteristics and suppressing the chipping of the cutting edge can be achieved in a balanced manner.
  • the coating film has a layer composed of at least chromium-containing nitride, oxynitride, oxide, carbide, carbonate, carbonitride, and carbonitride. It is a summary. According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance can be improved by having a layer containing chromium as a film.
  • the cutting tool according to the present invention can suppress chipping of the cutting blade while maintaining the sharpness of the cutting blade.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view which shows the replacement blade of the cutting tool which concerns on the suitable Example of this invention
  • (b) is a front view.
  • It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the cutting blade of the cutting tool which concerns on an Example, and is a case where a coating film is formed thicker than a flank in a rake face.
  • It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the cutting blade of the cutting tool which concerns on an Example, and is a case where a coating film is formed thicker than a rake face.
  • 4 is an electron micrograph of an enlarged cross-section of a main part of a cemented carbide replaceable blade, showing Test Example 4.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view which shows the replacement blade of the cutting tool which concerns on the suitable Example of this invention
  • (b) is a front view.
  • It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the cutting blade of the cutting tool which concerns on an Example, and is a case where a coating film is formed thicker
  • FIG. 7 is an electron micrograph of an enlarged cross-section of a main part of a cemented carbide replaceable blade, showing Test Example 7.
  • FIG. (a) shows the film thickness of the rake face for each distance from the cutting edge in the super hard blades of Test Examples 1 to 4, and (b) shows the distance from the cutting edge in the super hard blades of Test Examples 1 to 4.
  • the flank film thickness for each flank is shown, and (c) shows the ratio of the film thickness between the rake face and the flank surface for each distance from the cutting edge in the carbide replacement blades of Test Examples 1 to 4.
  • circle 1 corresponds to Test Example 1
  • circle 2 corresponds to Test Example 2
  • circle 3 corresponds to Test Example 3
  • circle 4 corresponds to Test Example 4.
  • circle 1 corresponds to Test Example 5
  • circle 2 corresponds to Test Example 6
  • circle 3 corresponds to Test Example 7.
  • FIG. It is a figure which piles up and shows cutting edge line roughness before and after the cutting test of test 1, and (a) shows test example 4, (b) shows test example 1, and (c) shows comparative example 1. Show.
  • the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool is configured by using, as a base material 12, a cermet containing steel such as tool steel, cutter steel, bearing steel, stainless steel, or cemented carbide, or a composite material obtained by combining these. (See FIGS. 1 to 3).
  • the cutting blade 10 of the cutting tool has a hard coating 20 formed on both the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 with respect to the base material 12 that has been sharpened by polishing in order to improve wear resistance.
  • the rake face 14 including the blade 18 and the flank face 16 are covered with a coating 20.
  • the coating 20 may cover the entire rake face 14 and the flank 16, and a part of the rake face 14 in a direction away from the cutting edge 18 and / or from the cutting edge 18 on the flank 16.
  • covers the partial range in the direction to separate may be sufficient.
  • the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool is covered with the coating 20 in the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 in a range mainly used for cutting the work material (a range of 0.1 mm from the cutting edge 18). That's fine.
  • the coating 20 has a main layer (layer) composed of at least one of nitride, oxynitride, oxide, carbide, carbonate, carbonitride, and carbonitride containing at least chromium.
  • the main layer containing chromium faces the outer surface of the coating film 20. That is, as a main layer, chromium nitride (CrN), chromium oxynitride (CrNO), chromium oxide (CrO), chromium carbide (CrC), chromium carbonate (CrCO), chromium carbonitride (CrCN), An example is chromium carbonitride (CrCNO).
  • the coating film 20 has a layer containing chromium, it is possible to improve the wear resistance of the target work material such as wood.
  • chromium B (boron), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Ti (titanium), V (vanadium), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Y (yttrium), Zr (zirconium) ), Nb (niobium), Mo (molybdenum), Hf (hafnium), Ta (tantalum), and W (tungsten) can be combined.
  • the coating 20 may be formed by laminating a plurality of the main layers, and an appropriate underlayer may be provided between the main layer and the base material 12.
  • the underlayer at least metal, nitride, carbide, carbonitride, carbonate, oxide, oxynitride, carbonitride, etc. containing one or more elements such as titanium and aluminum in addition to metal chromium One layer may be mentioned.
  • the coating film 20 is formed so that the rake face covering portion 22 covering the rake face 14 and the flank face covering portion 24 covering the flank face 16 have different film thicknesses C1 and C2. It is formed. That is, one of the rake face covering portion 22 and the flank face covering portion 24 is set such that the film thicknesses C1 and C2 are thicker than the other.
  • the rake face 14 is mainly used in the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool
  • the rake face covering portion 22 is formed thicker than the flank face covering portion 24, and the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 is 0.5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the ratio of the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 to the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 is in the range of 0.01 to 0.15, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.05. Is set as follows. When the flank 16 is mainly used in the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool, the flank covering portion 24 is formed thicker than the rake face covering portion 22, and the flank covering portion 24 has a film thickness C2 of 0.5 ⁇ m or more. In the range of 15 ⁇ m, the ratio of the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 to the film thickness C2 of the flank covering portion 24 is in the range of 0.01 to 0.15, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.05.
  • the ratio between the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 and the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 may satisfy the above-mentioned range over the entire surface.
  • the range of the ratio may be satisfied within a range mainly used for cutting a material (a range of 0.1 mm from the cutting edge 18).
  • the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker cover portions 22 and 24 are in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m, whereas the film thicknesses C2 and C1 of the thinner cover portions 24 and 22 are 0. It is set in the range of 005 ⁇ m to 2.25 ⁇ m.
  • the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker covering portions 22 and 24 as the main components are thinner than 0.5 ⁇ m, the wear resistance cannot be sufficiently improved. The film 20 is likely to be defective.
  • the ratio of the film thicknesses C2 and C1 of the thinner coating parts 24 and 22 to the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker coating parts 22 and 24 is larger than 0.15, a thick coating is formed when the work material is cut.
  • the surface 16, 14 coated with the coating parts 24, 22 thinner than the surfaces 14, 16 coated with the parts 22, 24 has less self-polishing properties due to the rapid progress of wear and the sharpness of the cutting edge 18. Difficult to maintain.
  • the ratio of the film thicknesses C2 and C1 of the thinner cover portions 24 and 22 to the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker cover portions 22 and 24 is smaller than 0.01. Practically impossible.
  • the rake face 14 or the flank 16 which is the main component of the cutting blade 10 of the cutting tool is appropriately selected depending on how to use the cutting blade 10 of the cutting tool and the surfaces 14 and 16 to be repolished.
  • the ratio of the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 to the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 described above is a comparison at a position where the distance from the cutting edge 18 is the same.
  • the ratio of the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 at a position 0.05 mm away from the cutting edge 18 to the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 at a position 0.05 mm away from the cutting edge 18 is within the above range.
  • the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering part 22 at a position 0.1 mm away from the cutting edge 18 and the film thickness C2 of the flank covering part 24 at a position 0.1 mm away from the cutting edge 18 The ratio of is set to be in the above range.
  • the ratio between the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 and the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 is set to satisfy the above range at each distance from the cutting edge 18.
  • the coating 20 may be formed with the same film thickness from the cutting edge 18 as a whole, but may be formed in an inclined manner so that the film thickness decreases as the distance from the cutting edge 18 increases.
  • the base material 12 has a virtual line (extension line) in which a portion corresponding to the cutting edge 18 (hereinafter referred to as a base material edge 12a) extends a rake face 12b of the base material 12. ) It is formed so as to be away from the intersection of P1 and a virtual line (extension line) P2 obtained by extending the flank 12c of the base material 12.
  • the chamfering distance x from the intersection to the base material edge 12a is set in a range of 0.20 ⁇ m to 18 ⁇ m.
  • the base material edge 12a is formed in an arc shape having a radius r in the range of 0.5 ⁇ m to 6.0 ⁇ m.
  • the chamfer distance x is the distance between the intersection point and the base material edge 12a.
  • the base material edge 12a is rounded (R)
  • the rake face 12b in the base material 12 is used.
  • the imaginary line passing through the center of the blade angle ⁇ formed by the flank 12c is the distance from the intersection of the base material edge 12a to the intersection.
  • the sharpness of the cutting edge 18 of the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool obtained by forming the coating film 20 is lost, the sharpness is deteriorated, and the cutting power is increased.
  • the base material edge 12a is formed in an arc shape larger than the radius of 6 ⁇ m, the sharpness of the cutting edge 18 of the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool obtained by forming the coating film 20 is impaired, and the sharpness is deteriorated. There is a demerit that power increases.
  • the chamfering distance x It is substantially difficult to set the chamfering distance x to be smaller than 0.20 ⁇ m due to limitations in processing accuracy and the like, and when the coating 20 is formed, the rake face 12b and the flank face 12c are sharpened and ground. There is not much difference from the sharpened material edge 12a.
  • the coating 20 can be formed by PVD (physical vapor deposition), and the arc ion plating method is suitable among PVDs, but may be a magnetron sputtering method.
  • PVD physical vapor deposition
  • the arc ion plating method is suitable among PVDs, but may be a magnetron sputtering method.
  • one surface of the rake face 12b or the flank face 12c of the base material 12 is placed so as to be behind a shielding object against an evaporation source such as chromium, or the deposition source
  • any one of the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 in the coating 20 can be made thicker than the film thickness of the other face.
  • the coating film 20 in which the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 have different film thicknesses C1 and C2 can be easily formed in one batch of PVD processing.
  • the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool has both the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 covered with the coating 20, it is compared with a single-side coated product obtained by polishing one side after forming the coating 20 on both sides. Even if the coating film 20 is thin, the wear band width can be reduced by the presence of the coating film 20, and friction with the work material during cutting can be reduced.
  • the coating film 20 is formed with a film thickness of the other surface thinner than any one of the rake face 14 and the flank face 16, generation of high residual stress can be suppressed, and the cutting edge resulting from the residual stress can be suppressed. The occurrence of 18 chippings (self-destruction) can be prevented. Further, by reducing the film thickness of the other surface of the coating film 20 than either one of the rake face 14 and the flank face 16, the film thickness ratio of the respective faces of the flank face and the flank face that are easy to be coated on one side is set.
  • chipping of the cutting portion that contacts the work material at the cutting edge 18 at the time of cutting can be suppressed, and chipping of a non-cutting portion that does not contact the work material can be suppressed. Can also be suppressed.
  • the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool of the embodiment does not need to remove the coating 20 on the rake face 14 or the flank 16 by blade grinding after forming the coating 20 as in a single-side coated product. No chipping of the cutting edge 18 due to.
  • the manufacturing cost can be reduced without restrictions such as a special dedicated grindstone and severe polishing conditions required for edged polishing after the coating is formed.
  • the ratio of the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the other coating parts 24 and 22 to the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the one coating parts 22 and 24 is set to be in the range of 0.01 to 0.05.
  • the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool is formed by chamfering the base material edge 12a and forming a minute surface (R surface in the embodiment) on the edge 12a.
  • generation of high residual stress can be further suppressed, and the occurrence of chipping (self-destruction) of the cutting blade 18 due to the residual stress can be more suitably prevented.
  • chipping of not only the non-cutting portion that does not contact the work material but also the cutting material that contacts the work material at the cutting edge 18 at the time of cutting can be more suitably suppressed.
  • the composite multilayer coating of Test 1 is laminated in the order of five layers of CrN, one layer of CrNO, one layer of Cr 2 O 3 , one layer of CrN, one layer of CrNO, and one layer of Cr 2 O 3 from the base material side.
  • the thickness of each layer with respect to the total thickness is 50% for the CrN layer, 10% for the CrNO layer, 10% for the Cr 2 O 3 layer, 10% for the CrN layer, and 10% for the CrNO layer from the base material side. %, And the outermost Cr 2 O 3 layer is 10%.
  • the CrNO layer is an oxynitride and does not show a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction.
  • the Cr 2 O 3 layer shows a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction
  • the Cr 2 O 3 layer may contain a slight amount of nitrogen.
  • Test 1 a cutting test was performed in which an NC router was used to cut a European red pine glulam with a router bit (blade tip diameter: 46 mm) equipped with the carbide replacement blades of Test Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1.
  • the rotational speed of the router bit was 6000 rpm, and the work material was cut 180 m while being cut by 20 mm into the work material while feeding the work material at a feed rate of 1 m / min.
  • the amount of retraction of the cutting edge and the wear band width B were measured based on the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge. The result is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 1 and FIG. 7A shows the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the carbide replacement blade of Test Example 1.
  • FIG. The circle 2 in FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 2, and the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the cemented carbide replacement blade of Test Example 2 is shown in FIG.
  • the circle 3 in FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 3
  • FIG. 7C shows the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 3.
  • a circle 4 in FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 4
  • FIG. 7D shows a cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the cemented carbide replacement blade of Test Example 4.
  • the film thickness of the rake face covering portion is in the range of 0.5 to 15 ⁇ m.
  • the superhard blades of Test Examples 3 and 4 in which the ratio of the film thickness of the flank film thickness part to the film thickness of the rake face covering part is 0.15 or less.
  • the superhard spare blade of Test Example 4 having a ratio of 0.05 or less has self-polishing properties comparable to Comparative Example 1.
  • the superhard spare blades of Test Examples 1 to 4 in which both the rake face and the flank face are coated with a coating are the superhard spare blades of Comparative Example 1 in which only the rake face is covered with a coating. It can be confirmed that the wear band width B is smaller than that.
  • the relationship between the rake face and the flank face is opposite to that of Test Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 in terms of the design of the blade used.
  • the upper surface indicated by reference numeral 14 is a relief surface, and the inclined surface indicated by reference numeral 16 is used as a rake face.
  • the superhard spare blades of Test Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Example 2 are set to form a rake face covering portion having a film thickness of 5 to 6 ⁇ m on the rake face.
  • the film thickness of the coating is as shown in FIG.
  • the composite multilayer coating of Test 2 has a structure in which four layers of CrN, one layer of CrNO, and one layer of Cr 2 O 3 are laminated in this order from the base material side. From the side, the CrN layer is 60%, the CrNO layer is 20%, and the outermost Cr 2 O 3 layer is 20%.
  • the CrNO layer is an oxynitride and does not show a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction.
  • the Cr 2 O 3 layer has a diffraction peak of chromium oxide in X-ray diffraction, and the Cr 2 O 3 layer may contain a slight amount of nitrogen.
  • Test 2 a cutting test was performed on an NC router by cutting European red pine laminated wood with a 75 mm diameter cutter equipped with the carbide replacement blades of Test Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Example 2.
  • the rotational speed of the router bit was 6000 rpm, while the work material was fed at a feed rate of 1 m / min, the work material was cut 120 m while being cut into the work material by 20 mm.
  • the amount of retraction of the cutting edge and the wear band width B were measured based on the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge. The result is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 corresponds to Test Example 5 and FIG. 9A shows the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test using the carbide replacement blade of Test Example 5.
  • FIG. A circle 2 in FIG. 8 corresponds to Test Example 6, and FIG. 9B shows a cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test using the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 6.
  • a circle 3 in FIG. 8 corresponds to Test Example 7, and FIG. 9C shows a cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test using the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 7.
  • FIG. 9 (d) shows the cemented carbide of Comparative Example 2 in which the coating on the rake face and flank face was removed by blade grinding under the same conditions as the carbide replacement blade of Test Example 6 and the flank face coating was removed.
  • the film thickness of the coating covering the rake face is the same as the film thickness of the rake face covering portion of Test Example 6.
  • the rake face covering portion in the coating is thicker than the flank face covering portion.
  • the carbides of Test Example 6 and Test Example 7 in which the ratio of the thickness of the flank thickness portion to the thickness of the rake face covering portion is 0.15 or less.
  • FIG. 10A is an electron micrograph showing an enlargement of the cutting edge of the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 4, and FIG. 10B is an enlarged view of the cutting edge of the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 1.
  • FIG. 10C is an electron micrograph showing an enlargement of the cutting edge of the cemented carbide replaceable blade of Comparative Example 1, both in a state before the cutting test is performed. As shown in FIG. 10 (c), it is possible to confirm that a relatively large chipping occurs in the cutting edge of the cemented carbide replaceable blade of Comparative Example 1 in which the edge polishing is performed after the coating is formed.
  • chipping of the cutting edge does not occur in the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 4 in which the ratio of the thickness of the flank covering portion to the thickness of the portion is 0.05 or less. Further, it can be confirmed that the chipping of the cutting edge is not generated in the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 4 as compared with the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 1.
  • the coating is formed so that the ratio of the film thickness of the flank covering portion to the film thickness of the rake face covering portion is larger than 0.15 as in Test Example 1 shown in FIG. High compressive stress may remain, which is presumed to cause the cutting edge to self-break or chipping easily during cutting.
  • the cutting test described in Test 1 was performed on the superhard blades of Test Example 4, Test Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively, and the change in the cutting edge line roughness after cutting from the cutting edge line roughness before cutting was measured. confirmed.
  • the result is shown in FIG.
  • the magnification of the horizontal axis which is the direction in which the cutting edge line extends, is 10 times, whereas the magnification of the vertical axis showing the change from the cutting edge line before cutting is 500 times.
  • the aspect ratio is shown.
  • the cutting portion that is in direct contact with the work material in the cutting work of Test 1 is 4.5 mm, and the amount of retraction of the cutting edge line after cutting in the cutting portion of Test Example 4 in FIG.
  • 11A is 9 to 10 ⁇ m. .
  • the cemented carbide replaceable blades of Test Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 do not contact the work material as well as the cut portion that directly contacts the work material during the cutting process. Chipping has occurred even in the non-cutting part, and when the coating is formed so that the ratio of the film thickness of the flank covering part to the film thickness of the rake face covering part is larger than 0.15, chipping in the non-cutting part is remarkable. I know that there is.
  • according to the cemented carbide spare blade of Test Example 4 which is an embodiment of the present invention, it can be confirmed that almost no chipping has occurred in the non-cutting portion, and good cutting edge quality is maintained before and after cutting. ing.
  • the super hard blades of Test Examples 8 to 13 have a rake face covering portion with a film thickness of 5 ⁇ m to 6 ⁇ m formed on the rake face, and the film thickness distribution between the rake face and the flank face is the same as Test Example 4 of Test 1 ( This is the same as circle 4) in FIG.
  • the portion corresponding to the cutting edge in the base materials of Test Examples 9 to 13 is formed into an arc shape (R surface) by blasting, and the base material of Test Example 8 is subjected to blasting processing on the portion corresponding to the cutting edge. Absent.
  • the radius r (the chamfering distance x from the intersection of the rake face extension line of the base metal and the flank extension line of the base metal) of the portion corresponding to the cutting edge of the base metal is Test Example 9 Is 0.5 (0.6) ⁇ m, Test Example 10 is 1.1 (1.3) ⁇ m, Test Example 11 is 1.8 (2.1) ⁇ m, Test Example 12 is 3.1 (3.6) ) ⁇ m, Test Example 13 was 6.0 (7.0) ⁇ m, and Unblasted Test Example 8 was 0.4 (0.5) ⁇ m.
  • the chamfering distance x is calculated by the equation of ⁇ R surface radius r / sin (cutter angle ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ R surface radius r.
  • the composite multilayer coating of Test 3 is laminated in the order of 5 layers of CrN, 1 layer of CrNO, 1 layer of Cr 2 O 3 , 1 layer of CrN, 1 layer of CrNO, 1 layer of Cr 2 O 3 from the base material side.
  • the thickness of each layer with respect to the total thickness is 50% for the CrN layer, 10% for the CrNO layer, 10% for the Cr 2 O 3 layer, 10% for the CrN layer, and 10% for the CrNO layer from the base material side. %, And the outermost Cr 2 O 3 layer is 10%.
  • the CrNO layer is an oxynitride and does not show a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction.
  • the Cr 2 O 3 layer shows a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction
  • the Cr 2 O 3 layer may contain a slight amount of nitrogen.
  • Test 3 a cutting test was performed in which an NC router was used to cut a European red pine glulam with a router bit (cutting edge diameter: 46 mm) to which the superhard blades of Test Examples 8 to 13 were attached.
  • the rotational speed of the router bit was 6000 rpm, and the work material was cut by 60 m while being cut by 20 mm into the work material while feeding the work material at a feed rate of 1 m / min.
  • the change of the cutting edge line roughness after cutting from the cutting edge line roughness before cutting was confirmed. The result is shown in FIG. In each figure of FIG.
  • the magnification of the horizontal axis which is the direction in which the cutting edge line extends, is 10 times, whereas the magnification of the vertical axis showing the change from the cutting edge line before cutting is 500 times.
  • the aspect ratio is shown.
  • the cutting part which contacts a work material in the cutting process of Test 3 is 5.0 mm.
  • the present invention is not limited to the above-described configuration, and can be modified as follows, for example.
  • the cutting tool is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 1, and is appropriately formed according to the work material, the cutting method, and the like.
  • Examples of cutting tools to which the present invention can be applied include flat blades such as scissors blades, cutters, tip saws, router bits, knives, only corners, and replacement blades thereof.
  • the cutting tool according to the present invention is not limited to wood, and can be suitably used for cutting non-ferrous metals and their alloys, wood materials or resins.

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Abstract

The present invention suppresses chipping of a cutting edge of a cutting tool while maintaining sharpness of the cutting edge. [Solution] The coating (20) on a replacement blade (10) for a cutting tool is formed so that one of a rake-face-coating section (22) that covers a rake face (14) and flank-face-coating section (24) that covers a flank face (16) is thicker than the other. The coating thickness of the thicker coating section (22, 24) is set to fall within a range of 0.5µm-15.0µm, and the ratio of the coating thickness of the thinner coating section (24, 22) to the coating thickness of the thicker coating section (22, 24) is set to fall within a range of 0.01-0.15.

Description

切削工具Cutting tools
　この発明は、非鉄金属およびそれらの合金、木材、木質材料または樹脂の切削加工に用いられる切削工具に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a cutting tool used for cutting non-ferrous metals and alloys thereof, wood, wood material or resin.
　木材切削用の刃物として、すくい面および逃げ面の一面または両面を硬質被膜で被覆して耐摩耗性を改善したものが提案されている(例えば、特許文献１参照)。硬質被膜は、アークイオンプレーティング装置によるコーティング処理によって工具鋼等の母材上に形成され、すくい面および逃げ面に亘って例えば４μｍ程度の膜厚で成膜される。そして、すくい面または逃げ面の一方を研磨して刃付けを行う。これにより、すくい面または逃げ面の一方に母材が露出すると共に、研磨していない逃げ面またはすくい面の他方が硬質被膜で覆われた刃物が得られる。なお、すくい面および逃げ面の両方を硬質被膜で被覆した刃物を得る場合には、母材を予め刃付け研磨してある。 As a cutting tool for cutting wood, one with one or both sides of a rake face and a flank face covered with a hard coating has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). The hard film is formed on a base material such as tool steel by a coating process using an arc ion plating apparatus, and is formed with a film thickness of, for example, about 4 μm over the rake face and the flank face. Then, one of the rake face and the flank face is polished and bladed. Thereby, while the base material is exposed on one of the rake face and the flank face, a blade with the other of the flank face or the rake face not polished is covered with the hard coating is obtained. Note that, in order to obtain a cutting tool in which both the rake face and the flank face are covered with a hard coating, the base material is previously bladed and polished.
特開２００７－２９０１８０号公報JP 2007-290180 A
　すくい面または逃げ面の一方を硬質被膜で片面被覆した刃物は、良好な刃付け品質を得るために、特別な専用砥石やシビアな研磨条件などが必要になり、これにより製造コストが高くなるという問題が生じる。これに対して、すくい面および逃げ面について夫々の面の膜厚比を考慮せずに硬質被膜で両面被覆した刃物は、被削材の切削加工を行った際に、逃げ面とすくい面との摩耗速度があまり変わらないために、摩耗した切刃の形状が丸くなってしまう。すなわち、両面被覆した刃物は、片面被覆した刃物のように、硬質被膜を被覆していない面が硬質被膜を被覆した面よりも摩耗が早く進行する自己研磨特性に由来する鋭い切刃の維持が期待できない。しかも、すくい面および逃げ面について夫々の面の膜厚比を考慮せずに硬質被膜を形成すると、刃物角が鋭角の切刃に局所的に残留した応力などに起因して、切刃で硬質被膜のチッピングが生じ易くなることも判っている。 A knives with either one of the rake face or flank face coated with a hard coating requires special special grinding stones or severe polishing conditions in order to obtain good cutting quality, which increases manufacturing costs. Problems arise. On the other hand, the rake face and flank face do not take into account the film thickness ratios of the respective faces. Since the wear rate of the steel does not change much, the shape of the worn cutting edge becomes round. That is, a double-sided coated blade, like a single-sided blade, can maintain a sharp cutting edge derived from self-polishing properties in which the surface not coated with a hard coating progresses faster than the surface coated with a hard coating. I can't expect it. In addition, when a hard coating is formed without considering the film thickness ratios of the rake face and flank face, the cutting edge is hard due to the stress remaining locally on the cutting edge with an acute angle. It has also been found that film chipping is likely to occur.
　すなわち本発明は、従来の技術に係る前記問題に鑑み、これらを好適に解決するべく提案されたものであって、切刃の鋭さを維持しつつ切刃のチッピングを抑えることができる切削工具を提供することを目的とする。 That is, the present invention has been proposed in order to suitably solve these problems related to the prior art, and a cutting tool that can suppress chipping of the cutting blade while maintaining the sharpness of the cutting blade. The purpose is to provide.
　前記課題を克服し、所期の目的を達成するため、本願の請求項１に係る発明の切削工具は、
　母材を被覆して切刃を含むすくい面および逃げ面の少なくとも一部に亘って形成された被膜を有し、非鉄金属およびそれらの合金、木材、木質材料または樹脂の切削加工に用いられる切削工具において、
　前記被膜は、前記すくい面を被覆するすくい面被覆部および前記逃げ面を被覆する逃げ面被覆部の何れか一方を他方よりも膜厚が厚くなるよう形成し、
　厚い方の被覆部の膜厚を、０．５μｍ～１５．０μｍの範囲に設定すると共に、該厚い方の被覆部の膜厚に対する薄い方の被覆部の膜厚の比を、０．０１～０．１５の範囲になるよう設定したことを要旨とする。
　請求項１に係る発明によれば、すくい面および逃げ面のうちで被膜の膜厚が薄い面が被膜の膜厚が厚い面より摩耗が進行する自己研磨特性を有しているので、切刃の鋭さを保つことができる。また、被膜をすくい面と逃げ面とで膜厚が異なるよう形成することで、切刃のチッピングを抑制することができる。 In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems and achieve the intended purpose, the cutting tool according to the first aspect of the present invention provides:
Cutting used to cut non-ferrous metals and their alloys, wood, wood materials or resins, having a coating formed on at least part of the rake face and flank face including the cutting edge by covering the base material In the tool,
The coating is formed such that any one of a rake face covering portion that covers the rake face and a flank face covering portion that covers the flank face is thicker than the other,
The film thickness of the thicker coating part is set in the range of 0.5 μm to 15.0 μm, and the ratio of the film thickness of the thinner coating part to the film thickness of the thicker coating part is 0.01 to The gist is that it is set to be in the range of 0.15.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the surface of the rake face and the flank face having the thin film thickness has a self-polishing property in which the wear progresses more than the thick film surface. Can maintain the sharpness. Moreover, chipping of the cutting edge can be suppressed by forming the coating so that the film thickness differs between the rake face and the flank face.
　請求項２に係る発明では、前記母材における前記切刃に対応する部位を、該母材におけるすくい面の延長ラインと該母材における逃げ面の延長ラインとの交点から０．２μｍ～１８μｍの範囲で離れるように形成したことを要旨とする。
　請求項２に係る発明によれば、母材における切刃に対応する部位を面取りすることで、当該部位を含むすくい面および逃げ面に亘って被膜で被覆された切削工具において、切刃のチッピングをより抑えることができる。 In the invention according to claim 2, the portion corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material is 0.2 μm to 18 μm from the intersection of the extension line of the rake face and the extension line of the relief surface in the base material. The gist is that they are formed so as to be separated from each other.
According to the invention according to claim 2, in the cutting tool coated with the coating over the rake face and the flank face including the part by chamfering the part corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material, the chipping of the cutting edge is performed. Can be further suppressed.
　請求項３に係る発明では、前記母材における前記切刃に対応する部位を、半径０．５μｍ～６．０μｍの円弧状に形成したことを要旨とする。
　請求項３に係る発明によれば、母材における切刃に対応する部位を円弧状に形成することで、当該部位を含むすくい面および逃げ面に亘って被膜で被覆された切削工具において、切刃のチッピングをより好適に抑えることができる。 The gist of the invention according to claim 3 is that a portion of the base material corresponding to the cutting edge is formed in an arc shape having a radius of 0.5 μm to 6.0 μm.
According to the invention of claim 3, in the cutting tool coated with the coating over the rake face and the flank face including the part by forming the part corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material in an arc shape, The chipping of the blade can be more suitably suppressed.
　請求項４に係る発明では、前記厚い方の被覆部の膜厚に対する前記薄い方の被覆部の膜厚の比を、０．０１～０．０５の範囲になるよう設定したことを要旨とする。
　請求項４に係る発明によれば、被膜において厚い方の被覆部の膜厚に対する薄い方の被覆部の膜厚の比を、０．０１～０．０５の範囲になるよう設定することで、自己研磨特性による切刃の鋭さの維持と切刃のチッピングの抑制とをバランスよく達成できる。 The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that the ratio of the film thickness of the thinner covering portion to the film thickness of the thicker covering portion is set to be in a range of 0.01 to 0.05. .
According to the invention according to claim 4, by setting the ratio of the film thickness of the thinner coating part to the film thickness of the thicker coating part in the film, the ratio is set in the range of 0.01 to 0.05, Maintaining the sharpness of the cutting edge by self-polishing characteristics and suppressing the chipping of the cutting edge can be achieved in a balanced manner.
　請求項５に係る発明では、前記被膜は、少なくともクロムを含む窒化物、酸窒化物、酸化物、炭化物、炭酸化物、炭窒化物および炭酸窒化物の何れかで構成される層を有していることを要旨とする。
　請求項５に係る発明によれば、被膜としてクロムを含む層を有することで、耐摩耗性と耐食性を向上させることができる。 In the invention according to claim 5, the coating film has a layer composed of at least chromium-containing nitride, oxynitride, oxide, carbide, carbonate, carbonitride, and carbonitride. It is a summary.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 5, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance can be improved by having a layer containing chromium as a film.
　本発明に係る切削工具によれば、切刃の鋭さを維持しつつ切刃のチッピングを抑えることができる。 The cutting tool according to the present invention can suppress chipping of the cutting blade while maintaining the sharpness of the cutting blade.
(ａ)は本発明の好適な実施例に係る切削工具の替刃を示す平面図であり、(ｂ)は正面図である。(a) is a top view which shows the replacement blade of the cutting tool which concerns on the suitable Example of this invention, (b) is a front view. 実施例に係る切削工具の切刃を示す断面模式図であり、すくい面を逃げ面よりも被膜を厚く形成した場合である。It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the cutting blade of the cutting tool which concerns on an Example, and is a case where a coating film is formed thicker than a flank in a rake face. 実施例に係る切削工具の切刃を示す断面模式図であり、逃げ面をすくい面よりも被膜を厚く形成した場合である。It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram which shows the cutting blade of the cutting tool which concerns on an Example, and is a case where a coating film is formed thicker than a rake face. 超硬替刃の要部断面を拡大した電子顕微鏡写真であって、試験例４を示す。4 is an electron micrograph of an enlarged cross-section of a main part of a cemented carbide replaceable blade, showing Test Example 4. FIG. 超硬替刃の要部断面を拡大した電子顕微鏡写真であって、試験例７を示す。7 is an electron micrograph of an enlarged cross-section of a main part of a cemented carbide replaceable blade, showing Test Example 7. FIG. (ａ)は試験例１～４の超硬替刃において切刃からの距離毎のすくい面の被膜厚を示し、(ｂ)は試験例１～４の超硬替刃において切刃からの距離毎の逃げ面の被膜厚を示し、(ｃ)は試験例１～４の超硬替刃において切刃からの距離毎のすくい面と逃げ面との被膜厚の比を示す。なお、マル１が試験例１に対応し、マル２が試験例２に対応し、マル３が試験例３に対応し、マル４が試験例４に対応している。(a) shows the film thickness of the rake face for each distance from the cutting edge in the super hard blades of Test Examples 1 to 4, and (b) shows the distance from the cutting edge in the super hard blades of Test Examples 1 to 4. The flank film thickness for each flank is shown, and (c) shows the ratio of the film thickness between the rake face and the flank surface for each distance from the cutting edge in the carbide replacement blades of Test Examples 1 to 4. Note that circle 1 corresponds to Test Example 1, circle 2 corresponds to Test Example 2, circle 3 corresponds to Test Example 3, and circle 4 corresponds to Test Example 4. 試験１を行った後の超硬替刃における切刃断面形状を示す図であって、(ａ)は試験例１を示し、(ｂ)は試験例２を示し、(ｃ)は試験例３を示し、(ｄ)は試験例４を示し、(ｅ)は比較例１を示す。It is a figure which shows the cutting-edge cross-sectional shape in the superhard replacement blade after performing Test 1, (a) shows Test Example 1, (b) shows Test Example 2, and (c) shows Test Example 3. (D) shows Test Example 4 and (e) shows Comparative Example 1. (ａ)は試験例５～７の超硬替刃において切刃からの距離毎のすくい面の被膜厚を示し、(ｂ)は試験例５～７の超硬替刃において切刃からの距離毎の逃げ面の被膜厚を示し、(ｃ)は試験例５～７の超硬替刃において切刃からの距離毎のすくい面と逃げ面との被膜厚の比を示す。なお、マル１が試験例５に対応し、マル２が試験例６に対応し、マル３が試験例７に対応している。(a) shows the film thickness of the rake face for each distance from the cutting edge in the super hard blades of Test Examples 5 to 7, and (b) shows the distance from the cutting edge in the super hard blades of Test Examples 5 to 7. The flank film thickness for each flank is shown, and (c) shows the ratio of the rake face to flank film thickness for each distance from the cutting edge in the cemented carbide spare blades of Test Examples 5-7. Note that circle 1 corresponds to Test Example 5, circle 2 corresponds to Test Example 6, and circle 3 corresponds to Test Example 7. 試験２を行った後の超硬替刃における切刃断面形状を示す図であって、(ａ)は試験例５を示し、(ｂ)は試験例６を示し、(ｃ)は試験例７を示し、(ｄ)は比較例２を示す。It is a figure which shows the cutting-edge cross-sectional shape in the super hard blade after performing the test 2, Comprising: (a) shows Test Example 5, (b) shows Test Example 6, (c) shows Test Example 7 (D) shows Comparative Example 2. 超硬替刃の切刃を拡大した電子顕微鏡写真であって、(ａ)は試験例４を示し、(ｂ)は試験例１を示し、(ｃ)は比較例１を示す。It is the electron micrograph which expanded the cutting edge of the superhard replacement blade, Comprising: (a) shows Test Example 4, (b) shows Test Example 1, (c) shows Comparative Example 1. FIG. 試験１の切削試験前後で切刃線粗さを重ね合わせて示す図であって、(ａ)は試験例４を示し、(ｂ)は試験例１を示し、(ｃ)は比較例１を示す。It is a figure which piles up and shows cutting edge line roughness before and after the cutting test of test 1, and (a) shows test example 4, (b) shows test example 1, and (c) shows comparative example 1. Show. 試験３の切削試験前後で切刃線粗さを重ね合わせて示す図であって、(ａ)は試験例８を示し、(ｂ)は試験例９を示し、(ｃ)は試験例１０を示し、(ｄ)は試験例１１を示し、(ｅ)は試験例１２を示し、(ｆ)は試験例１３を示す。It is a figure which superimposes and shows cutting edge line roughness before and after the cutting test of Test 3, (a) shows Test Example 8, (b) shows Test Example 9, and (c) shows Test Example 10. (D) shows Test Example 11, (e) shows Test Example 12, and (f) shows Test Example 13.
　次に、本発明に係る切削工具につき、好適な実施例を挙げて、添付図面を参照して以下に説明する。 Next, the cutting tool according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings by giving a preferred embodiment.
　実施例に係る切削工具の替刃１０は、工具鋼、刃物鋼、軸受鋼、ステンレス鋼などの鋼あるいは超硬合金を含むサーメットを、単体またはこれらを複合した複合材を母材１２として構成される(図１～図３参照)。切削工具の替刃１０は、研磨により刃付けされた母材１２に対してすくい面１４および逃げ面１６の両方に、耐摩耗性を向上するために硬質の被膜２０が形成されており、切刃１８を含むすくい面１４および逃げ面１６が被膜２０で被覆されている。ここで、被膜２０は、すくい面１４および逃げ面１６の全体を被覆してもよく、すくい面１４における切刃１８から離間する方向での一部範囲および／または逃げ面１６における切刃１８から離間する方向での一部範囲を被覆する構成であってもよい。すなわち、切削工具の替刃１０は、すくい面１４および逃げ面１６において被削材の切削加工に主に用いられる範囲(切刃１８から０．１ｍｍの範囲)が、被膜２０で被覆されていればよい。 The replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool according to the embodiment is configured by using, as a base material 12, a cermet containing steel such as tool steel, cutter steel, bearing steel, stainless steel, or cemented carbide, or a composite material obtained by combining these. (See FIGS. 1 to 3). The cutting blade 10 of the cutting tool has a hard coating 20 formed on both the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 with respect to the base material 12 that has been sharpened by polishing in order to improve wear resistance. The rake face 14 including the blade 18 and the flank face 16 are covered with a coating 20. Here, the coating 20 may cover the entire rake face 14 and the flank 16, and a part of the rake face 14 in a direction away from the cutting edge 18 and / or from the cutting edge 18 on the flank 16. The structure which coat | covers the partial range in the direction to separate may be sufficient. In other words, the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool is covered with the coating 20 in the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 in a range mainly used for cutting the work material (a range of 0.1 mm from the cutting edge 18). That's fine.
　前記被膜２０は、少なくともクロムを含む窒化物、酸窒化物、酸化物、炭化物、炭酸化物、炭窒化物および炭酸窒化物の何れか１つまたは複数で構成される主層(層)を有し、クロムを含む主層が該被膜２０の外表面に臨むようになっている。すなわち、主層としては、クロム窒化物(ＣｒＮ)、クロム酸窒化物(ＣｒＮＯ)、クロム酸化物(ＣｒＯ)、クロム炭化物(ＣｒＣ)、クロム炭酸化物(ＣｒＣＯ)、クロム炭窒化物(ＣｒＣＮ)、クロム炭酸窒化物(ＣｒＣＮＯ)が挙げられる。このように、被膜２０は、クロムを含む層を有しているので、対象とする木材等の被削材に対する耐摩耗性を向上することができる。また、クロムに加えて、Ｂ(ホウ素)、Ａｌ(アルミニウム)、Ｓｉ(ケイ素)、Ｔｉ(チタン)、Ｖ(バナジウム)、Ｎｉ(ニッケル)、Ｃｕ(銅)、Ｙ(イットリウム)、Ｚｒ(ジルコニウム)、Ｎｂ(ニオブ)、Ｍｏ(モリブデン)、Ｈｆ(ハフニウム)、Ｔａ(タンタル)、Ｗ(タングステン)から選ばれた少なくとも１つの元素を組み合わせることができる。このように、クロムに加えて前記元素を添加することで、被膜２０の高硬度化、組織の微細化などが期待でき、更なる耐摩耗性や耐食性や強度等の向上を図り得る。なお、被削材に応じて、添加する元素を調整することでも、寿命の向上を図り得る。また、被膜２０は、複数の前記主層を積層してもよく、主層と母材１２との間に適宜の下地層を設けてもよい。なお、下地層としては、金属クロムの他、チタン、アルミニウム等の元素を１種類以上含む金属、窒化物、炭化物、炭窒化物、炭酸化物、酸化物、酸窒化物、炭酸窒化物などの少なくとも１種の層を挙げることができる。 The coating 20 has a main layer (layer) composed of at least one of nitride, oxynitride, oxide, carbide, carbonate, carbonitride, and carbonitride containing at least chromium. The main layer containing chromium faces the outer surface of the coating film 20. That is, as a main layer, chromium nitride (CrN), chromium oxynitride (CrNO), chromium oxide (CrO), chromium carbide (CrC), chromium carbonate (CrCO), chromium carbonitride (CrCN), An example is chromium carbonitride (CrCNO). Thus, since the coating film 20 has a layer containing chromium, it is possible to improve the wear resistance of the target work material such as wood. In addition to chromium, B (boron), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), Ti (titanium), V (vanadium), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), Y (yttrium), Zr (zirconium) ), Nb (niobium), Mo (molybdenum), Hf (hafnium), Ta (tantalum), and W (tungsten) can be combined. Thus, by adding the above-mentioned elements in addition to chromium, it is possible to expect higher hardness and finer structure of the coating film 20 and to further improve wear resistance, corrosion resistance, strength, and the like. In addition, the lifetime can be improved by adjusting the element to be added according to the work material. In addition, the coating 20 may be formed by laminating a plurality of the main layers, and an appropriate underlayer may be provided between the main layer and the base material 12. In addition, as the underlayer, at least metal, nitride, carbide, carbonitride, carbonate, oxide, oxynitride, carbonitride, etc. containing one or more elements such as titanium and aluminum in addition to metal chromium One layer may be mentioned.
　図２～図５に示すように、前記被膜２０は、すくい面１４を被覆するすくい面被覆部２２と逃げ面１６を被覆する逃げ面被覆部２４とが、膜厚Ｃ１,Ｃ２が異なるように形成される。すなわち、すくい面被覆部２２および逃げ面被覆部２４の何れか一方が他方よりも膜厚Ｃ１,Ｃ２が厚くなるように設定されている。切削工具の替刃１０においてすくい面１４を主体とする場合は、すくい面被覆部２２が逃げ面被覆部２４よりも厚く形成され、すくい面被覆部２２の膜厚Ｃ１が０．５μｍ～１５μｍの範囲で、すくい面被覆部２２の膜厚Ｃ１に対する逃げ面被覆部２４の膜厚Ｃ２の比が、０．０１～０．１５の範囲、より好ましくは０．０１～０．０５の範囲になるように設定される。また、切削工具の替刃１０において逃げ面１６を主体とする場合は、逃げ面被覆部２４がすくい面被覆部２２よりも厚く形成され、逃げ面被覆部２４の膜厚Ｃ２が０．５μｍ～１５μｍの範囲で、逃げ面被覆部２４の膜厚Ｃ２に対するすくい面被覆部２２の膜厚Ｃ１の比が、０．０１～０．１５の範囲、より好ましくは０．０１～０．０５の範囲になるように設定される。なお、すくい面被覆部２２の膜厚Ｃ１と逃げ面被覆部２４の膜厚Ｃ２との比は、面全体に亘って前記範囲を満たしてもよいが、すくい面１４および逃げ面１６において被削材の切削加工に主に用いられる範囲(切刃１８から０．１ｍｍの範囲)で前記比の範囲を満たせばよい。 As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the coating film 20 is formed so that the rake face covering portion 22 covering the rake face 14 and the flank face covering portion 24 covering the flank face 16 have different film thicknesses C1 and C2. It is formed. That is, one of the rake face covering portion 22 and the flank face covering portion 24 is set such that the film thicknesses C1 and C2 are thicker than the other. When the rake face 14 is mainly used in the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool, the rake face covering portion 22 is formed thicker than the flank face covering portion 24, and the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 is 0.5 μm to 15 μm. In the range, the ratio of the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 to the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 is in the range of 0.01 to 0.15, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.05. Is set as follows. When the flank 16 is mainly used in the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool, the flank covering portion 24 is formed thicker than the rake face covering portion 22, and the flank covering portion 24 has a film thickness C2 of 0.5 μm or more. In the range of 15 μm, the ratio of the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 to the film thickness C2 of the flank covering portion 24 is in the range of 0.01 to 0.15, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 0.05. Is set to be The ratio between the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 and the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 may satisfy the above-mentioned range over the entire surface. The range of the ratio may be satisfied within a range mainly used for cutting a material (a range of 0.1 mm from the cutting edge 18).
　このように、厚い方の被覆部２２,２４の膜厚Ｃ１,Ｃ２が０．５μｍ～１５μｍの範囲にあるのに対して、薄い方の被覆部２４,２２の膜厚Ｃ２,Ｃ１が０．００５μｍ～２．２５μｍの範囲に設定される。ここで、主体となる厚い方の被覆部２２,２４の膜厚Ｃ１,Ｃ２が、０．５μｍよりも薄くなると耐摩耗性を十分に向上させることができず、１５μｍよりも厚くなると、チッピング等の被膜２０の不良が生じ易くなる。厚い方の被覆部２２,２４の膜厚Ｃ１,Ｃ２に対する薄い方の被覆部２４,２２の膜厚Ｃ２,Ｃ１の比が、０．１５よりも大きくなると、被削材の切削加工時に厚い被覆部２２,２４で被覆された面１４,１６よりも薄い被覆部２４,２２で被覆された面１６,１４で摩耗が早く進行することによる自己研磨特性の発現が弱くなり、切刃１８の鋭さを維持することが難しい。また、厚い方の被覆部２２,２４の膜厚Ｃ１,Ｃ２に対する薄い方の被覆部２４,２２の膜厚Ｃ２,Ｃ１の比が０．０１よりも小さくなるものは、被膜２０の製造上の都合により実質的に不可能である。なお、切削工具の替刃１０において主体となるすくい面１４または逃げ面１６は、該切削工具の替刃１０の使用の仕方や再研磨する面１４,１６などによって適宜選択される。 As described above, the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker cover portions 22 and 24 are in the range of 0.5 μm to 15 μm, whereas the film thicknesses C2 and C1 of the thinner cover portions 24 and 22 are 0. It is set in the range of 005 μm to 2.25 μm. Here, if the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker covering portions 22 and 24 as the main components are thinner than 0.5 μm, the wear resistance cannot be sufficiently improved. The film 20 is likely to be defective. When the ratio of the film thicknesses C2 and C1 of the thinner coating parts 24 and 22 to the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker coating parts 22 and 24 is larger than 0.15, a thick coating is formed when the work material is cut. The surface 16, 14 coated with the coating parts 24, 22 thinner than the surfaces 14, 16 coated with the parts 22, 24 has less self-polishing properties due to the rapid progress of wear and the sharpness of the cutting edge 18. Difficult to maintain. Further, the ratio of the film thicknesses C2 and C1 of the thinner cover portions 24 and 22 to the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the thicker cover portions 22 and 24 is smaller than 0.01. Practically impossible. In addition, the rake face 14 or the flank 16 which is the main component of the cutting blade 10 of the cutting tool is appropriately selected depending on how to use the cutting blade 10 of the cutting tool and the surfaces 14 and 16 to be repolished.
　前述したすくい面被覆部２２の膜厚Ｃ１と逃げ面被覆部２４の膜厚Ｃ２との比は、切刃１８からの距離が同じ位置で対比したものである。例えば、切刃１８から０．０５ｍｍ離れた位置のすくい面被覆部２２の膜厚Ｃ１と切刃１８から０．０５ｍｍ離れた位置の逃げ面被覆部２４の膜厚Ｃ２とがの比が前記範囲になるよう設定されると共に、切刃１８から０．１ｍｍ離れた位置のすくい面被覆部２２の膜厚Ｃ１と切刃１８から０．１ｍｍ離れた位置の逃げ面被覆部２４の膜厚Ｃ２とがの比が前記範囲になるよう設定される。すなわち、すくい面被覆部２２の膜厚Ｃ１と逃げ面被覆部２４の膜厚Ｃ２との比が、切刃１８からの各距離で前記範囲を満たすよう設定される。また、被膜２０は、切刃１８から全体に亘って同じ膜厚で形成してもよいが、切刃１８から離れるにつれて膜厚が小さくなるように傾斜的に形成してもよい。 The ratio of the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 to the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 described above is a comparison at a position where the distance from the cutting edge 18 is the same. For example, the ratio of the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 at a position 0.05 mm away from the cutting edge 18 to the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 at a position 0.05 mm away from the cutting edge 18 is within the above range. And the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering part 22 at a position 0.1 mm away from the cutting edge 18 and the film thickness C2 of the flank covering part 24 at a position 0.1 mm away from the cutting edge 18 The ratio of is set to be in the above range. That is, the ratio between the film thickness C1 of the rake face covering portion 22 and the film thickness C2 of the flank face covering portion 24 is set to satisfy the above range at each distance from the cutting edge 18. The coating 20 may be formed with the same film thickness from the cutting edge 18 as a whole, but may be formed in an inclined manner so that the film thickness decreases as the distance from the cutting edge 18 increases.
　図２および図３に示すように、前記母材１２は、切刃１８に対応する部位(以下、母材エッジ１２ａという)が、該母材１２におけるすくい面１２ｂを延長した仮想ライン(延長ライン)Ｐ１と該母材１２における逃げ面１２ｃを延長した仮想ライン(延長ライン)Ｐ２との交点から離れるように形成されている。ここで、前記交点からの母材エッジ１２ａまでの面取り距離ｘは、０．２０μｍ～１８μｍの範囲に設定される。ここで、実施例では、母材エッジ１２ａが、半径ｒが０．５μｍ～６．０μｍの範囲にある円弧状に形成される。なお、前記面取り距離ｘは、前記交点と母材エッジ１２ａとの最も近いところでの距離をいい、例えば母材エッジ１２ａにアール(Ｒ)が付されている場合は、母材１２におけるすくい面１２ｂと逃げ面１２ｃとがなす刃物角θの中央を通る仮想ラインが母材エッジ１２ａと交差するところから前記交点までの距離である。 As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the base material 12 has a virtual line (extension line) in which a portion corresponding to the cutting edge 18 (hereinafter referred to as a base material edge 12a) extends a rake face 12b of the base material 12. ) It is formed so as to be away from the intersection of P1 and a virtual line (extension line) P2 obtained by extending the flank 12c of the base material 12. Here, the chamfering distance x from the intersection to the base material edge 12a is set in a range of 0.20 μm to 18 μm. Here, in the embodiment, the base material edge 12a is formed in an arc shape having a radius r in the range of 0.5 μm to 6.0 μm. The chamfer distance x is the distance between the intersection point and the base material edge 12a. For example, when the base material edge 12a is rounded (R), the rake face 12b in the base material 12 is used. And the imaginary line passing through the center of the blade angle θ formed by the flank 12c is the distance from the intersection of the base material edge 12a to the intersection.
　前記面取り距離ｘを１８μｍより大きく設定すると、被膜２０を形成して得られる切削工具の替刃１０の切刃１８の鋭さが損なわれ、切れ味が悪くなり、また切削動力が増加するデメリットがある。同様に、母材エッジ１２ａを半径６μｍよりも大きい円弧形状で形成すると、被膜２０を形成して得られる切削工具の替刃１０の切刃１８の鋭さが損なわれ、切れ味が悪くなり、また切削動力が増加するデメリットがある。前記面取り距離ｘを０．２０μｍよりも小さく設定するのは、加工精度の制約などにより実質的に難しく、また被膜２０を形成した際に、すくい面１２ｂおよび逃げ面１２ｃを刃付け研磨して母材エッジ１２ａを尖らしたものと差があまり生じない。同様に、母材エッジ１２ａを半径０．５μｍよりも小さい円弧形状で形成することは、加工精度の制約などにより実質的に難しく、また被膜２０を形成した際に、すくい面１２ｂおよび逃げ面１２ｃを刃付け研磨して母材エッジ１２ａを尖らしたものと差があまり生じない。また、母材エッジ１２ａの面取りが前記範囲よりも小さいと、母材エッジ１２ａの面取りによる切刃１８の切削部分でのチッピング抑制効果が期待できない。 When the chamfering distance x is set to be larger than 18 μm, the sharpness of the cutting edge 18 of the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool obtained by forming the coating film 20 is lost, the sharpness is deteriorated, and the cutting power is increased. Similarly, when the base material edge 12a is formed in an arc shape larger than the radius of 6 μm, the sharpness of the cutting edge 18 of the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool obtained by forming the coating film 20 is impaired, and the sharpness is deteriorated. There is a demerit that power increases. It is substantially difficult to set the chamfering distance x to be smaller than 0.20 μm due to limitations in processing accuracy and the like, and when the coating 20 is formed, the rake face 12b and the flank face 12c are sharpened and ground. There is not much difference from the sharpened material edge 12a. Similarly, it is substantially difficult to form the base material edge 12a in a circular arc shape having a radius smaller than 0.5 μm due to processing accuracy limitations and the like, and when the coating film 20 is formed, the rake face 12b and the flank face 12c are formed. Is not so different from the sharpened base metal edge 12a. If the chamfering of the base material edge 12a is smaller than the above range, the chipping suppression effect at the cutting portion of the cutting edge 18 due to the chamfering of the base material edge 12a cannot be expected.
　前記被膜２０は、ＰＶＤ(物理蒸着)によって形成することができ、ＰＶＤの中でもアークイオンプレーティング法が適しているが、マグネトロンスパッタリング法でもよい。例えば、チャンバー内でＰＶＤ処理を行う際に、母材１２におけるすくい面１２ｂまたは逃げ面１２ｃの一面を、クロム等の蒸発源に対して遮蔽物の陰になるように設置したり、該蒸着源に対する母材１２の設置向きを調節するなどにより、被膜２０におけるすくい面１４および逃げ面１６の何れか一面を他面の膜厚よりも厚くすることができる。このように、すくい面１４と逃げ面１６との膜厚Ｃ１,Ｃ２が異なる被膜２０は、１バッチのＰＶＤ処理において簡単に形成することができる。 The coating 20 can be formed by PVD (physical vapor deposition), and the arc ion plating method is suitable among PVDs, but may be a magnetron sputtering method. For example, when performing PVD processing in the chamber, one surface of the rake face 12b or the flank face 12c of the base material 12 is placed so as to be behind a shielding object against an evaporation source such as chromium, or the deposition source By adjusting the installation direction of the base material 12 with respect to the surface, any one of the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 in the coating 20 can be made thicker than the film thickness of the other face. Thus, the coating film 20 in which the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 have different film thicknesses C1 and C2 can be easily formed in one batch of PVD processing.
　〔実施例の作用〕
　次に、実施例に係る切削工具の替刃１０の作用について説明する。切削工具の替刃１０は、被膜２０がすくい面１４と逃げ面１６とで異なる膜厚Ｃ１,Ｃ２で形成されているから、被削材を切削加工した際に、すくい面１４および逃げ面１６のうち被膜２０の膜厚が厚い一方と比べて、被膜２０の膜厚が薄い他方の摩耗が早く進行する自己研磨特性が発現し、この自己研磨特性により切刃１８の鋭さを保つことができる。しかも、切削工具の替刃１０は、すくい面１４および逃げ面１６の両面が被膜２０で被覆されているから、両面に被膜２０を形成した後に片面を研磨して得られる片面被覆品と比べて、被膜２０の膜厚が薄い面であっても該被膜２０の存在により摩耗帯幅を小さくすることができ、切削加工時の被削材との摩擦を減らすことができる。 (Effects of Example)
Next, the effect | action of the spare blade 10 of the cutting tool which concerns on an Example is demonstrated. In the replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool, since the coating 20 is formed with different film thicknesses C1 and C2 on the rake face 14 and the flank face 16, the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 are cut when the work material is cut. Among them, the self-polishing characteristic that the wear of the other thin film 20 progresses faster than the thick one of the film 20 is developed, and the sharpness of the cutting edge 18 can be maintained by this self-polishing characteristic. . Moreover, since the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool has both the rake face 14 and the flank face 16 covered with the coating 20, it is compared with a single-side coated product obtained by polishing one side after forming the coating 20 on both sides. Even if the coating film 20 is thin, the wear band width can be reduced by the presence of the coating film 20, and friction with the work material during cutting can be reduced.
　前記被膜２０は、すくい面１４および逃げ面１６の何れか一面よりも他方の面の膜厚を薄く形成しているから、高い残留応力の発生を抑えることができ、残留応力に起因する切刃１８のチッピング(自壊)の発生を防止することができる。また、被膜２０を、すくい面１４および逃げ面１６の何れか一面よりも他方の面の膜厚を薄くすることで、前記片面被覆品やすくい面および逃げ面について夫々の面の膜厚比を考慮せずに被膜で被覆した両面被覆品と比べて、切削加工時に切刃１８において被削材に接触する切削部分のチッピングを抑えることができると共に、被削材に接触しない非切削部分のチッピングも抑えることができる。また、実施例の切削工具の替刃１０は、片面被覆品のように被膜２０を形成した後に刃付け研磨によりすくい面１４または逃げ面１６の被膜２０を除去する必要がないので、刃付け研磨による切刃１８のチッピングが生じない。しかも、被膜形成後の刃付け研磨に要求される特別な専用砥石やシビアな研磨条件などの制約もなく、製造コストを抑えることができる。なお、被膜２０において一方の被覆部２２,２４の膜厚Ｃ１,Ｃ２に対する他方の被覆部２４,２２の膜厚Ｃ１,Ｃ２の比を、０．０１～０．０５の範囲になるよう設定することで、自己研磨特性による切刃１８の鋭さの維持と切刃１８のチッピングの抑制とをバランスよく達成できる。 Since the coating film 20 is formed with a film thickness of the other surface thinner than any one of the rake face 14 and the flank face 16, generation of high residual stress can be suppressed, and the cutting edge resulting from the residual stress can be suppressed. The occurrence of 18 chippings (self-destruction) can be prevented. Further, by reducing the film thickness of the other surface of the coating film 20 than either one of the rake face 14 and the flank face 16, the film thickness ratio of the respective faces of the flank face and the flank face that are easy to be coated on one side is set. Compared with a double-sided coated product coated with a coating without consideration, chipping of the cutting portion that contacts the work material at the cutting edge 18 at the time of cutting can be suppressed, and chipping of a non-cutting portion that does not contact the work material can be suppressed. Can also be suppressed. Further, the replaceable blade 10 of the cutting tool of the embodiment does not need to remove the coating 20 on the rake face 14 or the flank 16 by blade grinding after forming the coating 20 as in a single-side coated product. No chipping of the cutting edge 18 due to. In addition, the manufacturing cost can be reduced without restrictions such as a special dedicated grindstone and severe polishing conditions required for edged polishing after the coating is formed. In the coating film 20, the ratio of the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the other coating parts 24 and 22 to the film thicknesses C1 and C2 of the one coating parts 22 and 24 is set to be in the range of 0.01 to 0.05. Thus, maintaining the sharpness of the cutting edge 18 by self-polishing characteristics and suppressing the chipping of the cutting edge 18 can be achieved in a balanced manner.
　前記切削工具の替刃１０は、母材エッジ１２ａを面取りして該エッジ１２ａに微小な面(実施例ではＲ面)を形成してあるから、すくい面１４および逃げ面１６の何れか一面よりも他方の面の膜厚を薄くすることと相乗して、高い残留応力の発生をより抑えることができ、残留応力に起因する切刃１８のチッピング(自壊)の発生をより好適に防止することができる。更に、母材エッジ１２ａの面取りによって、切削加工時に切刃１８において被削材に接触しない非切削部分だけでなく、被削材に接触する切削部分のチッピングをより好適に抑えることができる。 The replacement blade 10 of the cutting tool is formed by chamfering the base material edge 12a and forming a minute surface (R surface in the embodiment) on the edge 12a. In addition, in synergy with reducing the film thickness of the other surface, generation of high residual stress can be further suppressed, and the occurrence of chipping (self-destruction) of the cutting blade 18 due to the residual stress can be more suitably prevented. Can do. Furthermore, by chamfering the base material edge 12a, chipping of not only the non-cutting portion that does not contact the work material but also the cutting material that contacts the work material at the cutting edge 18 at the time of cutting can be more suitably suppressed.
［試験１］
　ＰＶＤ装置において、ＣｒＮとＣｒＮＯとＣｒ２Ｏ３とを積層した複合多層被膜を超硬合金からなる母材に同じ条件で形成し、試験例１～４および比較例１のルータービット用の超硬替刃を作成した。何れの超硬替刃も、図１に示すような形状であり、長さＬが２０ｍｍで、幅Ｗが１２ｍｍで、厚さＴが１．５ｍｍで、すくい面１４と逃げ面１６との刃物角θが５５°に設定されている。なお、被膜の膜厚は、図６に示すようになっている。試験１の複合多層被膜は、母材側から５層のＣｒＮ、１層のＣｒＮＯ、１層のＣｒ２Ｏ３、１層のＣｒＮ、１層のＣｒＮＯ、１層のＣｒ２Ｏ３の順に積層された構造であり、全体の厚みに対する各層の厚みは、母材側からＣｒＮ層が５０％、ＣｒＮＯ層が１０％、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３層が１０％、ＣｒＮ層が１０％、ＣｒＮＯ層が１０％、最表層のＣｒ２Ｏ３層が１０％である。なお、ＣｒＮＯ層は、酸窒化物で、Ｘ線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークを示さないものである。また、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３層は、Ｘ線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークが現れるものであり、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３層にわずかに窒素を含むこともある。 [Test 1]
In a PVD apparatus, a composite multilayer coating in which CrN, CrNO, and Cr 2 O 3 are laminated is formed on a base material made of cemented carbide under the same conditions, and the cemented carbide for router bits of Test Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 is used. A spare blade was created. Each of the super hard blades has a shape as shown in FIG. 1, a length L of 20 mm, a width W of 12 mm, a thickness T of 1.5 mm, and a cutting tool having a rake face 14 and a flank face 16. The angle θ is set to 55 °. The film thickness of the coating is as shown in FIG. The composite multilayer coating of Test 1 is laminated in the order of five layers of CrN, one layer of CrNO, one layer of Cr 2 O 3 , one layer of CrN, one layer of CrNO, and one layer of Cr 2 O 3 from the base material side. The thickness of each layer with respect to the total thickness is 50% for the CrN layer, 10% for the CrNO layer, 10% for the Cr 2 O 3 layer, 10% for the CrN layer, and 10% for the CrNO layer from the base material side. %, And the outermost Cr 2 O 3 layer is 10%. The CrNO layer is an oxynitride and does not show a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction. In addition, the Cr 2 O 3 layer shows a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction, and the Cr 2 O 3 layer may contain a slight amount of nitrogen.
　試験１では、ＮＣルーターにおいて、試験例１～４および比較例１の超硬替刃を取り付けたルータービット(刃先径４６ｍｍ)によって欧州アカマツ集成材を切削する切削試験を行った。ルータービットの回転数は、６０００ｒｐｍで、被削材を１ｍ／ｍｉｎの送り速度で送りつつ、被削材に２０ｍｍ切り込ませた状態で被削材を１８０ｍ切削した。そして、切削後に、切刃後退量および摩耗帯幅Ｂを刃先断面形状により測定した。その結果を図７に示す。 In Test 1, a cutting test was performed in which an NC router was used to cut a European red pine glulam with a router bit (blade tip diameter: 46 mm) equipped with the carbide replacement blades of Test Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1. The rotational speed of the router bit was 6000 rpm, and the work material was cut 180 m while being cut by 20 mm into the work material while feeding the work material at a feed rate of 1 m / min. Then, after cutting, the amount of retraction of the cutting edge and the wear band width B were measured based on the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge. The result is shown in FIG.
　図６におけるマル１が試験例１に対応し、試験例１の超硬替刃による切削試験後の切刃断面形状を図７(ａ)に示す。図６におけるマル２が試験例２に対応し、試験例２の超硬替刃による切削試験後の切刃断面形状を図７(ｂ)に示す。図６におけるマル３が試験例３に対応し、試験例３の超硬替刃による切削試験後の切刃断面形状を図７(ｃ)に示す。図６におけるマル４が試験例４に対応し、試験例４の超硬替刃による切削試験後の切刃断面形状を図７(ｄ)に示す。図７(ｅ)は、試験例１の超硬替刃と同条件ですくい面および逃げ面に被膜を形成したものを、刃付け研磨して逃げ面の被膜を除去した比較例１の超硬替刃による切削試験後の切刃断面形状である。すなわち、比較例１の超硬替刃は、すくい面を被覆する被膜の膜厚が試験例１のすくい面被覆部の膜厚と同じである。試験例１～４の超硬替刃は、被膜においてすくい面被覆部が逃げ面被覆部よりも厚くなっており、すくい面被覆部の膜厚が約５μｍ～８．５μｍの範囲内にあり、試験例１～４の超硬替刃の何れも、すくい面被覆部の膜厚が０．５μｍ～１５μｍの範囲内にある。図７(ｃ)および(ｄ)に示すように、すくい面被覆部の膜厚に対する逃げ面膜厚部の膜厚の比が０．１５以下にある試験例３および４の超硬替刃は、図７(ｅ)に示す比較例１の超硬替刃と比べても、切刃の鋭さの低下が抑えられていることが判り、すくい面被覆部の膜厚に対する逃げ面膜厚部の膜厚の比が０．０５以下にある試験例４の超硬替刃によれば、比較例１と遜色がない自己研磨特性を有していることが判る。また、図７に示すように、すくい面および逃げ面の両面を被膜で被覆した試験例１～４の超硬替刃は、すくい面だけが被膜で被覆された比較例１の超硬替刃よりも摩耗帯幅Ｂが小さいことが確認できる。 6 corresponds to Test Example 1 and FIG. 7A shows the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the carbide replacement blade of Test Example 1. FIG. The circle 2 in FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 2, and the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the cemented carbide replacement blade of Test Example 2 is shown in FIG. The circle 3 in FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 3, and FIG. 7C shows the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 3. A circle 4 in FIG. 6 corresponds to Test Example 4, and FIG. 7D shows a cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test with the cemented carbide replacement blade of Test Example 4. FIG. 7 (e) shows the carbide of Comparative Example 1 in which the coating on the rake face and the flank face was removed under the same conditions as the carbide replacement blade of Test Example 1 and the flank face film was removed by blade grinding. It is a cutting blade cross-sectional shape after the cutting test by a replaceable blade. That is, in the super hard blade of Comparative Example 1, the film thickness of the coating covering the rake face is the same as the film thickness of the rake face covering portion of Test Example 1. In the carbide replacement blades of Test Examples 1 to 4, the rake face covering portion is thicker than the flank face covering portion in the coating, and the film thickness of the rake face covering portion is in the range of about 5 μm to 8.5 μm. In any of the superhard replacement blades of Test Examples 1 to 4, the film thickness of the rake face covering portion is in the range of 0.5 to 15 μm. As shown in FIGS. 7 (c) and (d), the superhard blades of Test Examples 3 and 4 in which the ratio of the film thickness of the flank film thickness part to the film thickness of the rake face covering part is 0.15 or less, Compared to the superhard replacement blade of Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 7 (e), it is found that the sharpness of the cutting edge is suppressed, and the thickness of the flank thickness portion relative to the thickness of the rake face coating portion. It can be seen that the superhard spare blade of Test Example 4 having a ratio of 0.05 or less has self-polishing properties comparable to Comparative Example 1. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the superhard spare blades of Test Examples 1 to 4 in which both the rake face and the flank face are coated with a coating are the superhard spare blades of Comparative Example 1 in which only the rake face is covered with a coating. It can be confirmed that the wear band width B is smaller than that.
［試験２］
　ＰＶＤ装置において、ＣｒＮとＣｒＮＯとＣｒ２Ｏ３とを積層した複合多層被膜を超硬合金からなる母材に同じ条件で形成し、試験例５～７および比較例２のルータービット用の超硬替刃を作成した。何れの超硬替刃も、図１に示すような形状であり、長さＬが１５ｍｍで、幅Ｗが１５ｍｍで、厚さＴが２．５ｍｍで、刃物角θが６０°に設定されている。なお、試験例５～７および比較例２の超硬替刃は、用いられる刃物の設計上、すくい面と逃げ面との関係が試験例１～４および比較例１と反対であり、図１における符号１４が指す上面が逃げ面であり、符号１６が指す傾斜面がすくい面となるように用いられる。なお、試験例５～７および比較例２の超硬替刃は、すくい面に膜厚５μｍ～６μｍのすくい面被覆部を形成するように設定している。なお、被膜の膜厚は、図８に示すようになっている。試験２の複合多層被膜は、母材側から４層のＣｒＮ、１層のＣｒＮＯ、１層のＣｒ２Ｏ３、の順に積層された構造であり、全体の厚みに対する各層の厚みは、母材側からＣｒＮ層が６０％、ＣｒＮＯ層が２０％、最表層のＣｒ２Ｏ３層が２０％である。なお、ＣｒＮＯ層は、酸窒化物で、Ｘ線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークを示さないものである。また、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３層は、Ｘ線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークが現れるものであり、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３層にわずかに窒素を含むこともある。 [Test 2]
In a PVD apparatus, a composite multilayer coating in which CrN, CrNO, and Cr 2 O 3 are laminated is formed on a base material made of cemented carbide under the same conditions, and the cemented carbide for router bits of Test Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Example 2 is used. A spare blade was created. Each of the superhard replacement blades has a shape as shown in FIG. 1 and has a length L of 15 mm, a width W of 15 mm, a thickness T of 2.5 mm, and a blade angle θ set to 60 °. Yes. In the superhard replacement blades of Test Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Example 2, the relationship between the rake face and the flank face is opposite to that of Test Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 in terms of the design of the blade used. The upper surface indicated by reference numeral 14 is a relief surface, and the inclined surface indicated by reference numeral 16 is used as a rake face. Note that the superhard spare blades of Test Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Example 2 are set to form a rake face covering portion having a film thickness of 5 to 6 μm on the rake face. The film thickness of the coating is as shown in FIG. The composite multilayer coating of Test 2 has a structure in which four layers of CrN, one layer of CrNO, and one layer of Cr 2 O 3 are laminated in this order from the base material side. From the side, the CrN layer is 60%, the CrNO layer is 20%, and the outermost Cr 2 O 3 layer is 20%. The CrNO layer is an oxynitride and does not show a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction. In addition, the Cr 2 O 3 layer has a diffraction peak of chromium oxide in X-ray diffraction, and the Cr 2 O 3 layer may contain a slight amount of nitrogen.
　試験２では、ＮＣルーターにおいて、試験例５～７および比較例２の超硬替刃を取り付けた直径７５ｍｍのカッターによって欧州アカマツ集成材を切削する切削試験を行った。ルータービットの回転数は、６０００ｒｐｍで、被削材を１ｍ／ｍｉｎの送り速度で送りつつ、被削材に２０ｍｍ切り込ませた状態で被削材を１２０ｍ切削した。そして、切削後に、切刃後退量および摩耗帯幅Ｂを刃先断面形状により測定した。その結果を図９に示す。 In Test 2, a cutting test was performed on an NC router by cutting European red pine laminated wood with a 75 mm diameter cutter equipped with the carbide replacement blades of Test Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Example 2. The rotational speed of the router bit was 6000 rpm, while the work material was fed at a feed rate of 1 m / min, the work material was cut 120 m while being cut into the work material by 20 mm. Then, after cutting, the amount of retraction of the cutting edge and the wear band width B were measured based on the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge. The result is shown in FIG.
　図８におけるマル１が試験例５に対応し、試験例５の超硬替刃による切削試験後の切刃断面形状を図９(ａ)に示す。図８におけるマル２が試験例６に対応し、試験例６の超硬替刃による切削試験後の切刃断面形状を図９(ｂ)に示す。図８におけるマル３が試験例７に対応し、試験例７の超硬替刃による切削試験後の切刃断面形状を図９(ｃ)に示す。図９(ｄ)は、試験例６の超硬替刃と同条件ですくい面および逃げ面に被膜を形成したものを、刃付け研磨して逃げ面の被膜を除去した比較例２の超硬替刃による切削試験後の切刃断面形状である。すなわち、比較例２の超硬替刃は、すくい面を被覆する被膜の膜厚が試験例６のすくい面被覆部の膜厚と同じである。試験例５～７の超硬替刃は、被膜においてすくい面被覆部が逃げ面被覆部よりも厚くなっている。図９(ｂ)および図９(ｃ)に示すように、すくい面被覆部の膜厚に対する逃げ面膜厚部の膜厚の比が０．１５以下にある試験例６および試験例７の超硬替刃は、図９(ｄ)に示す比較例２の超硬替刃と比べても、切刃の鋭さの低下が抑えられていることが判る。また、図９に示すように、すくい面および逃げ面の両面を被膜で被覆した試験例５～７の超硬替刃は、すくい面だけが被膜で被覆された比較例２の超硬替刃よりも摩耗帯幅Ｂが小さいことが確認できる。 8 corresponds to Test Example 5 and FIG. 9A shows the cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test using the carbide replacement blade of Test Example 5. FIG. A circle 2 in FIG. 8 corresponds to Test Example 6, and FIG. 9B shows a cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test using the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 6. A circle 3 in FIG. 8 corresponds to Test Example 7, and FIG. 9C shows a cross-sectional shape of the cutting edge after the cutting test using the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 7. FIG. 9 (d) shows the cemented carbide of Comparative Example 2 in which the coating on the rake face and flank face was removed by blade grinding under the same conditions as the carbide replacement blade of Test Example 6 and the flank face coating was removed. It is a cutting blade cross-sectional shape after the cutting test by a replaceable blade. That is, in the cemented carbide replaceable blade of Comparative Example 2, the film thickness of the coating covering the rake face is the same as the film thickness of the rake face covering portion of Test Example 6. In the cemented carbide replaceable blades of Test Examples 5 to 7, the rake face covering portion in the coating is thicker than the flank face covering portion. As shown in FIG. 9B and FIG. 9C, the carbides of Test Example 6 and Test Example 7 in which the ratio of the thickness of the flank thickness portion to the thickness of the rake face covering portion is 0.15 or less. It turns out that the fall of the sharpness of a cutting blade is suppressed compared with the cemented carbide spare blade of the comparative example 2 shown in FIG.9 (d). Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the superhard spare blades of Test Examples 5 to 7 in which both the rake face and the flank face are coated with a coating are the superhard spare blades of Comparative Example 2 in which only the rake face is covered with a coating. It can be confirmed that the wear band width B is smaller than that.
　図１０(ａ)は、試験例４の超硬替刃の切刃を拡大して示す電子顕微鏡写真であり、図１０(ｂ)は、試験例１の超硬替刃の切刃を拡大して示す電子顕微鏡写真であり、図１０(ｃ)は、比較例１の超硬替刃の切刃を拡大して示す電子顕微鏡写真であり、何れも切削試験を行う前の状態である。被膜を形成した後に刃付け研磨を行った比較例１の超硬替刃は、図１０(ｃ)に示すように、切刃に比較的大きいチッピングが生じているのが確認でき、すくい面被覆部の膜厚に対する逃げ面被覆部の膜厚の比が０．０５以下にある試験例４の超硬替刃では、切刃のチッピングが発生していないことが判る。また、試験例４の超硬替刃は、試験例１の超硬替刃と比べても、切刃のチッピングが発生していないことが確認できる。図１０(ｂ)に示す試験例１のように、すくい面被覆部の膜厚に対する逃げ面被覆部の膜厚の比が０．１５より大きくなるように被膜を形成すると切刃に局所的に高い圧縮応力が残留することがあり、これにより切刃が自壊するもしくは切削時に容易にチッピングすると推測される。そして、試験例４の超硬替刃のように、膜厚の比が０．１５以下になるようにすくい面および逃げ面の一方よりも他方を薄く被膜を形成すると、圧縮応力の残留を抑えることができ、切刃のチッピングを防止できる。 FIG. 10A is an electron micrograph showing an enlargement of the cutting edge of the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 4, and FIG. 10B is an enlarged view of the cutting edge of the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 1. FIG. 10C is an electron micrograph showing an enlargement of the cutting edge of the cemented carbide replaceable blade of Comparative Example 1, both in a state before the cutting test is performed. As shown in FIG. 10 (c), it is possible to confirm that a relatively large chipping occurs in the cutting edge of the cemented carbide replaceable blade of Comparative Example 1 in which the edge polishing is performed after the coating is formed. It can be seen that chipping of the cutting edge does not occur in the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 4 in which the ratio of the thickness of the flank covering portion to the thickness of the portion is 0.05 or less. Further, it can be confirmed that the chipping of the cutting edge is not generated in the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 4 as compared with the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 1. When the coating is formed so that the ratio of the film thickness of the flank covering portion to the film thickness of the rake face covering portion is larger than 0.15 as in Test Example 1 shown in FIG. High compressive stress may remain, which is presumed to cause the cutting edge to self-break or chipping easily during cutting. Then, as in the superhard replacement blade of Test Example 4, when the coating is made thinner than the one of the rake face and the flank face so that the film thickness ratio is 0.15 or less, the residual compressive stress is suppressed. And chipping of the cutting edge can be prevented.
　試験例４、試験例１および比較例１の超硬替刃について、試験１で説明した切削試験を夫々行い、切削前の切刃線粗さからの切削後の切刃線粗さの変化を確認した。その結果を図１１に示す。図１１の各図は、切刃線が延在する方向である横軸の倍率が１０倍であるのに対して、切削前の切刃線からの変化を示す縦軸の倍率が５００倍とした場合の縦横比で表している。試験１の切削加工に際して被削材に直接接触する切削部分は、４．５ｍｍであり、図１１(ａ)の試験例４の切削部分における切削後の切刃線後退量は９～１０μｍである。なお、切削前の切刃線より切削後の切刃線が離れるほど、切刃の後退やチッピングなどが大きく生じていることを示す。図１１(ｂ)および(ｃ)に示すように、試験例１および比較例１の超硬替刃では、切削加工に際して被削材に直接接触する切削部分だけでなく、被削材に接触しない非切削部分でもチッピングが生じており、すくい面被覆部の膜厚に対する逃げ面被覆部の膜厚の比が０．１５より大きくなるように被膜を形成すると、非切削部分でのチッピングが顕著であることが判る。これに対して、本発明の実施例である試験例４の超硬替刃によれば、非切削部分においてチッピングがほとんど起きていないことが確認でき、切削前後で良好な切刃品質を維持している。 The cutting test described in Test 1 was performed on the superhard blades of Test Example 4, Test Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, respectively, and the change in the cutting edge line roughness after cutting from the cutting edge line roughness before cutting was measured. confirmed. The result is shown in FIG. In each figure of FIG. 11, the magnification of the horizontal axis, which is the direction in which the cutting edge line extends, is 10 times, whereas the magnification of the vertical axis showing the change from the cutting edge line before cutting is 500 times. In this case, the aspect ratio is shown. The cutting portion that is in direct contact with the work material in the cutting work of Test 1 is 4.5 mm, and the amount of retraction of the cutting edge line after cutting in the cutting portion of Test Example 4 in FIG. 11A is 9 to 10 μm. . In addition, it shows that the retreat of a cutting edge, chipping, etc. have arisen, so that the cutting edge line after cutting leaves | separates from the cutting edge line before cutting. As shown in FIGS. 11 (b) and 11 (c), the cemented carbide replaceable blades of Test Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 do not contact the work material as well as the cut portion that directly contacts the work material during the cutting process. Chipping has occurred even in the non-cutting part, and when the coating is formed so that the ratio of the film thickness of the flank covering part to the film thickness of the rake face covering part is larger than 0.15, chipping in the non-cutting part is remarkable. I know that there is. On the other hand, according to the cemented carbide spare blade of Test Example 4 which is an embodiment of the present invention, it can be confirmed that almost no chipping has occurred in the non-cutting portion, and good cutting edge quality is maintained before and after cutting. ing.
［試験３］
　ＰＶＤ装置において、ＣｒＮとＣｒＮＯとＣｒ２Ｏ３とを積層した複合多層被膜を超硬合金からなる母材に同じ条件で形成し、試験例８～１３のルータービット用の超硬替刃を作成した。何れの超硬替刃も、図１に示すような形状であり、長さＬが２０ｍｍで、幅Ｗが１２ｍｍで、厚さＴが１．５ｍｍで、刃物角θが５５°に設定されている。また、試験例８～１３の超硬替刃は、すくい面に膜厚５μｍ～６μｍのすくい面被覆部を形成し、すくい面と逃げ面との膜厚分布は、試験１の試験例４(図６のマル４)と同じである。試験例９～１３の母材における切刃に対応する部位は、ブラスト処理により円弧状(Ｒ面)に形成し、試験例８の母材は、切刃に対応する部位にブラスト処理を施していない。このとき、母材における切刃に対応する部位のＲ面の半径ｒ(母材におけるすくい面の延長ラインと母材における逃げ面の延長ラインとの交点からの面取り距離ｘ)は、試験例９が０．５(０．６)μｍ、試験例１０が１．１(１．３)μｍ、試験例１１が１．８(２．１)μｍ、試験例１２が３．１(３．６)μｍ、試験例１３が６．０(７．０)μｍであり、未ブラスト処理の試験例８は、０．４(０．５)μｍであった。なお、前記面取り距離ｘは、{Ｒ面半径ｒ／ｓｉｎ(刃物角θ)}－Ｒ面半径ｒの式により算出している。試験３の複合多層被膜は、母材側から５層のＣｒＮ、１層のＣｒＮＯ、１層のＣｒ２Ｏ３、１層のＣｒＮ、１層のＣｒＮＯ、１層のＣｒ２Ｏ３の順に積層された構造であり、全体の厚みに対する各層の厚みは、母材側からＣｒＮ層が５０％、ＣｒＮＯ層が１０％、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３層が１０％、ＣｒＮ層が１０％、ＣｒＮＯ層が１０％、最表層のＣｒ２Ｏ３層が１０％である。なお、ＣｒＮＯ層は、酸窒化物で、Ｘ線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークを示さないものである。また、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３層は、Ｘ線回折でクロム酸化物の回折ピークが現れるものであり、Ｃｒ２Ｏ３層にわずかに窒素を含むこともある。 [Test 3]
In a PVD device, a composite multi-layer coating layered with CrN, CrNO, and Cr 2 O 3 is formed on a base material made of cemented carbide under the same conditions to produce cemented carbide blades for router bits of Test Examples 8 to 13. did. Each of the superhard replacement blades has a shape as shown in FIG. 1, a length L of 20 mm, a width W of 12 mm, a thickness T of 1.5 mm, and a blade angle θ set to 55 °. Yes. In addition, the super hard blades of Test Examples 8 to 13 have a rake face covering portion with a film thickness of 5 μm to 6 μm formed on the rake face, and the film thickness distribution between the rake face and the flank face is the same as Test Example 4 of Test 1 ( This is the same as circle 4) in FIG. The portion corresponding to the cutting edge in the base materials of Test Examples 9 to 13 is formed into an arc shape (R surface) by blasting, and the base material of Test Example 8 is subjected to blasting processing on the portion corresponding to the cutting edge. Absent. At this time, the radius r (the chamfering distance x from the intersection of the rake face extension line of the base metal and the flank extension line of the base metal) of the portion corresponding to the cutting edge of the base metal is Test Example 9 Is 0.5 (0.6) μm, Test Example 10 is 1.1 (1.3) μm, Test Example 11 is 1.8 (2.1) μm, Test Example 12 is 3.1 (3.6) ) μm, Test Example 13 was 6.0 (7.0) μm, and Unblasted Test Example 8 was 0.4 (0.5) μm. The chamfering distance x is calculated by the equation of {R surface radius r / sin (cutter angle θ)} − R surface radius r. The composite multilayer coating of Test 3 is laminated in the order of 5 layers of CrN, 1 layer of CrNO, 1 layer of Cr 2 O 3 , 1 layer of CrN, 1 layer of CrNO, 1 layer of Cr 2 O 3 from the base material side. The thickness of each layer with respect to the total thickness is 50% for the CrN layer, 10% for the CrNO layer, 10% for the Cr 2 O 3 layer, 10% for the CrN layer, and 10% for the CrNO layer from the base material side. %, And the outermost Cr 2 O 3 layer is 10%. The CrNO layer is an oxynitride and does not show a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction. In addition, the Cr 2 O 3 layer shows a diffraction peak of chromium oxide by X-ray diffraction, and the Cr 2 O 3 layer may contain a slight amount of nitrogen.
　試験３では、ＮＣルーターにおいて、試験例８～１３の超硬替刃を取り付けたルータービット(刃先径４６ｍｍ)によって欧州アカマツ集成材を切削する切削試験を行った。ルータービットの回転数は、６０００ｒｐｍで、被削材を１ｍ／ｍｉｎの送り速度で送りつつ、被削材に２０ｍｍ切り込ませた状態で被削材を６０ｍ切削した。そして、切削前の切刃線粗さからの切削後の切刃線粗さの変化を確認した。その結果を図１２に示す。図１２の各図は、切刃線が延在する方向である横軸の倍率が１０倍であるのに対して、切削前の切刃線からの変化を示す縦軸の倍率が５００倍とした場合の縦横比で表している。なお、試験３の切削加工に際して被削材に直接接触する切削部分は、５．０ｍｍである。 In Test 3, a cutting test was performed in which an NC router was used to cut a European red pine glulam with a router bit (cutting edge diameter: 46 mm) to which the superhard blades of Test Examples 8 to 13 were attached. The rotational speed of the router bit was 6000 rpm, and the work material was cut by 60 m while being cut by 20 mm into the work material while feeding the work material at a feed rate of 1 m / min. And the change of the cutting edge line roughness after cutting from the cutting edge line roughness before cutting was confirmed. The result is shown in FIG. In each figure of FIG. 12, the magnification of the horizontal axis, which is the direction in which the cutting edge line extends, is 10 times, whereas the magnification of the vertical axis showing the change from the cutting edge line before cutting is 500 times. In this case, the aspect ratio is shown. In addition, the cutting part which contacts a work material in the cutting process of Test 3 is 5.0 mm.
　図１２に示すように、試験例８では、切削部分に比較的大きいチッピングが１箇所と小さいチッピングが多く発生しているが、母材における切刃に対応した部位を円弧形状とした試験例９～１３では、丸印で囲ったように切削部分において１～３箇所のチッピングが発生しただけである。このように、母材における切刃に対応した部位に極小のＲをつけることが、切刃の切削部分におけるチッピングの抑制に大きく貢献していることを確認できる。なお、母材における切刃に対応した部位にブラスト処理を施していない試験例８であっても、すくい面被覆部の膜厚に対する逃げ面被覆部の膜厚の比が０．０１～０．０５の範囲にあるので、試験例９～１３と同様に非切削部分においてチッピングがほとんど起きていないことが確認できる。 As shown in FIG. 12, in Test Example 8, a relatively large chipping is generated at one portion, which is a relatively large chipping, but a portion corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material has an arc shape in Test Example 9 In ˜13, only 1 to 3 chippings occurred in the cut portion as indicated by circles. In this way, it can be confirmed that adding a minimum R to a portion corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material greatly contributes to suppression of chipping in the cutting portion of the cutting edge. Even in Test Example 8 in which the portion corresponding to the cutting edge in the base material was not subjected to blasting, the ratio of the film thickness of the flank covering portion to the film thickness of the rake face covering portion was 0.01 to 0. 0. Since it is in the range of 05, it can be confirmed that almost no chipping occurs in the non-cut portion as in Test Examples 9 to 13.
　(変更例)
　前述した構成に限定されず、例えば以下のように変更することも可能である。
(１)切削工具は、図１に示す形状に限定されず、被削材や切削方法などに応じて適宜に形成される。
(２)本発明を適用可能な切削工具としては、鉋刃等の平刃、カッター、チップソー、ルータービット、ナイフ、角のみ、これらの替刃等が挙げられる。
(３)本発明に係る切削工具は、木材に限られず、非鉄金属およびそれらの合金、木質材料または樹脂の切削加工に好適に使用できる。 (Example of change)
The present invention is not limited to the above-described configuration, and can be modified as follows, for example.
(1) The cutting tool is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 1, and is appropriately formed according to the work material, the cutting method, and the like.
(2) Examples of cutting tools to which the present invention can be applied include flat blades such as scissors blades, cutters, tip saws, router bits, knives, only corners, and replacement blades thereof.
(3) The cutting tool according to the present invention is not limited to wood, and can be suitably used for cutting non-ferrous metals and their alloys, wood materials or resins.
　１２ 母材，１２ｂ (母材の)すくい面，１２ｃ (母材の)逃げ面，
　１４ すくい面，１６ 逃げ面，１８ 切刃，２０ 被膜，
　２２ すくい面被覆部，２４ 逃げ面被覆部，Ｃ１,Ｃ２ 膜厚 12 base metal, 12b rake face (base metal), 12c flank face (base metal),
14 rake face, 16 flank face, 18 cutting edge, 20 coating,
22 rake face covering, 24 flank covering, C1, C2 film thickness

Claims (5)

  1. 　母材(12)を被覆して切刃(18)を含むすくい面(14)および逃げ面(16)の少なくとも一部に亘って形成された被膜(20)を有し、非鉄金属およびそれらの合金、木材、木質材料または樹脂の切削加工に用いられる切削工具において、
    　前記被膜(20)は、前記すくい面(14)を被覆するすくい面被覆部(22)および前記逃げ面(16)を被覆する逃げ面被覆部(24)の何れか一方を他方よりも膜厚が厚くなるよう形成し、
    　厚い方の被覆部(22,24)の膜厚(C1,C2)を、０．５μｍ～１５．０μｍの範囲に設定すると共に、該厚い方の被覆部(22,24)の膜厚(C1,C2)に対する薄い方の被覆部(24,22)の膜厚(C2,C1)の比を、０．０１～０．１５の範囲になるよう設定した
    ことを特徴とする切削工具。     A coating (20) formed on at least a part of the rake face (14) and the flank face (16) covering the base material (12) including the cutting edge (18), and non-ferrous metals and their In cutting tools used for cutting alloys, wood, wood materials or resins,
    The coating film (20) is formed by coating one of the rake face covering portion (22) covering the rake face (14) and the flank face covering portion (24) covering the flank face (16) than the other. Formed to be thicker,
    The film thickness (C1, C2) of the thicker covering part (22, 24) is set in the range of 0.5 μm to 15.0 μm, and the film thickness (C1 of the thicker covering part (22, 24) is set. , C2), the ratio of the thickness (C2, C1) of the thinner covering portion (24, 22) is set to be in the range of 0.01 to 0.15.
  2. 　前記母材(12)における前記切刃(18)に対応する部位を、該母材(12)におけるすくい面(12b)の延長ラインと該母材(12)における逃げ面(12c)の延長ラインとの交点から０．２μｍ～１８μｍの範囲で離れるように形成した請求項１記載の切削工具。 The portion of the base material (12) corresponding to the cutting edge (18) includes an extension line of the rake face (12b) in the base material (12) and an extension line of the flank (12c) in the base material (12). 2. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein the cutting tool is formed so as to be separated from the intersection with the substrate in a range of 0.2 to 18 μm.
  3. 　前記母材(12)における前記切刃(18)に対応する部位を、半径０．５μｍ～６．０μｍの円弧状に形成した請求項１または２記載の切削工具。 The cutting tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a portion of the base material (12) corresponding to the cutting edge (18) is formed in an arc shape having a radius of 0.5 µm to 6.0 µm.
  4. 　前記厚い方の被覆部(22,24)の膜厚(C1,C2)に対する前記薄い方の被覆部(24,22)の膜厚(C2,C1)の比を、０．０１～０．０５の範囲になるよう設定した請求項１～３の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。 The ratio of the film thickness (C2, C1) of the thinner cover (24, 22) to the film thickness (C1, C2) of the thicker cover (22, 24) is 0.01 to 0.05. The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cutting tool is set to fall within a range of.
  5. 　前記被膜(20)は、少なくともクロムを含む窒化物、酸窒化物、酸化物、炭化物、炭酸化物、炭窒化物および炭酸窒化物の何れかで構成される層を有している請求項１～４の何れか一項に記載の切削工具。 The coating (20) has a layer composed of at least chromium-containing nitride, oxynitride, oxide, carbide, carbonate, carbonitride and carbonitride. The cutting tool according to any one of 4.
PCT/JP2015/056225 2014-03-25 2015-03-03 Cutting tool WO2015146507A1 (en)

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JP2016510185A JP6404906B2 (en) 2014-03-25 2015-03-03 Cutting tools
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EP3106250B1 (en) 2019-07-24
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CN106457411A (en) 2017-02-22

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