WO2015144958A1 - Anti-seismic, insulating construction element - Google Patents

Anti-seismic, insulating construction element Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015144958A1
WO2015144958A1 PCT/ES2015/070215 ES2015070215W WO2015144958A1 WO 2015144958 A1 WO2015144958 A1 WO 2015144958A1 ES 2015070215 W ES2015070215 W ES 2015070215W WO 2015144958 A1 WO2015144958 A1 WO 2015144958A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rods
element according
seismic
matrix
building
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2015/070215
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francisco Javier Pallarés Rubio
Luis Pallarés Rubio
Original Assignee
Universitat Politècnica De València
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universitat Politècnica De València filed Critical Universitat Politècnica De València
Priority to EP15769237.7A priority Critical patent/EP3130715B1/en
Publication of WO2015144958A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015144958A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
    • E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/04—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements
    • E04B2/06—Walls having neither cavities between, nor in, the solid elements using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/39—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of construction, and more specifically to the seismic isolation of buildings.
  • Its purpose is to provide an element for the construction of partitions of a building (i.e. enclosures, walls and / or partition walls), specifically designed to seismically isolate said partition from the resistant structure of the building, that is, that part of the building destined to resist the loads.
  • a seismic event is not normally limited to earthquakes or earthquakes, but it should be understood that it refers to any phenomenon of mechanical type or dynamic action that may cause damage to the resistant structure and / or to the partitions of a building.
  • the "seismic event term" also includes any catastrophe or external action that ultimately involves building movements that may affect its structural integrity, such as: explosions, tornadoes, tidal waves, floods, etc.
  • these currently known anti-seismic building elements are bricks or blocks intended for the construction of partitions that do not produce seismic isolation, but increase the resistance of said partitions, either because they confer greater interlocking between the parts that compose it. , O well because they are provided with cables or internal reinforcing bars that are joined together and are anchored to the resistant structure of the building, and may even be prestressed.
  • document IT1201302 discloses a modular element formed by a block of agglomerate that incorporates a metal mesh composed of vertical and horizontal bars joined in solidarity with each other.
  • the metal mesh of each agglomerate block is attached to the metal meshes of the adjacent blocks by means of special threaded parts, so that a continuous and rigid metal structure is formed that joins the resistant structure of the building, not requiring mortar of union between the blocks. It is important to point out the fact that since the vertical bars are joined in solidarity with the horizontal bars, the relative movement of some bars with respect to the others is not possible.
  • partitions have a considerable influence on the dynamic response of buildings.
  • the use of anti-seismic elements according to the prior art in the construction of partitions increases the resistance of said partitions, contributing a non-negligible rigidity to the structure of the building that affects its behavior in case of seismic event, even said Partitions cause serious damage and collapse of buildings, as numerous studies and scientific literature show, for example in: [El-Dakhakhni WW, Elgaaly, FM, Hamid, A. A, Three-Strut Model for Concrete Masonry-lnfilled Steel Frames '.
  • an anti-seismic building insulating element intended for the construction of building partitions comprising:
  • a second set of rods is arranged according to the horizontal direction, - none of the rods of the second set of rods is jointly attached to any of the rods of the first set of rods. - the rods of one of the two sets, first or second, are not continuous along the matrix.
  • the building anti-seismic insulating element according to the invention is designed to be preferably arranged in contact with the pillars and the beams or forged of a building, to absorb its movements in case of seismic event and not transmit them to the partitions.
  • the rods of the second set are not continuous along the horizontal extent of the die.
  • the anti-seismic building insulating elements are preferably arranged in contact with the pillars of the structure, to mainly absorb horizontal movements in the event of a seismic event.
  • the "vertical direction” is perpendicular to the surface of the soil on which a building partition built from the building-insulating earthquake insulation elements of the invention rests, while the "horizontal direction” is that parallel to the surface of said ground.
  • a "solidarity joint" of two pieces is one that prevents the relative movement of one of said pieces with respect to the other and that a "rod” is a long and thin piece.
  • Rigid rods of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention are intended to withstand the vertical forces generated by the gravitational action and, in the case of an anti-seismic insulating element according to the first embodiment of the invention, the horizontal ones produced by a seismic event . Therefore, they must be made of a rigid and resistant material, for example a steel or a plastic with an elastic modulus in the range of 2 to 250 GPa and an elastic limit in the range of 5 to 1000 MPa. In addition, its arrangement within the matrix is such that it can resist stiffly the gravitational and horizontal forces perpendicular to the plane of the partition, but not the forces that derive from movements in the plane of the partition.
  • the matrices of said construction anti-seismic insulating elements according to the invention must, instead, be made of a flexible material for example with an elastic modulus between 1 and 1000 MPa, in order to thus absorb the movements that occur in the plane of the partition without introducing additional stiffness, and avoiding dynamic interaction between the partition and the structure of the building.
  • the dimensions of said matrices are substantially equal to the total size of the building anti-seismic insulating element.
  • an anti-seismic insulating construction element has a different behavior according to the three directions of space.
  • said anti-seismic insulating element is capable of withstanding vertical forces and forces perpendicular to the plane of the partition thanks to the plurality of rods and its special arrangement, and capable of absorbing the horizontal movements that occurred in the plane of the partition thanks to the flexible matrix and the horizontal movement in the plane of the partition allowed for non-continuous horizontal bars in the entire length of the matrix.
  • a partition constructed with the construction anti-seismic insulating elements according to the first embodiment of the invention which are intended to absorb mainly horizontal movements produced by a seismic event according to the invention is sufficiently rigid and resistant in two directions to withstand, thanks to the plurality of rods, the compression and / or shear stresses due to the gravitational loads of the building and loads perpendicular to the plane of the partition and, simultaneously, sufficiently flexible in the third direction (that is, the horizontal one) to absorb the movements imposed by the structure of the building on the partition in its plane during a seismic event without introducing an appreciable stiffness in the plane of said partition, thus presenting the advantage of favoring the seismic isolation of the partition with respect to the resistant structure of the building .
  • the flexibility along this direction allows said partitions to substantially absorb the movements induced by a seismic event in the building, being able to penetrate the horizontal rods of each anti-seismic insulating element in the matrix that contains them without tripping over other rods, while the plurality of rods and their particular arrangement allow resistance against loads perpendicular to the plane of the partition.
  • said partitions are seismically isolated from the resistant structure of the building by substantially interrupting the diagonal compression cranks, crushes and / or landslides that are usually formed in the event of a seismic event, and cross-shaped breaks are significantly eliminated associated with said compression rods.
  • the rods of the first set are not continuous along the vertical extension of the matrix.
  • the anti-seismic building insulating elements in accordance with this particular embodiment of the invention, are preferably arranged in contact with the slab or the beams of a building to absorb, mainly, the vertical movements that may eventually occur.
  • the anti-seismic insulating elements according to this second embodiment of the invention are intended to absorb mainly vertical movements, and their behavior is equivalent to that described for the case of horizontal movement absorption (first embodiment of the invention), the rods being then arranged in vertical direction (that is, those of the first set of rods) not continuous along the entire vertical extension of the matrix, and continuous in the horizontal direction, thus changing its spatial orientation 90 ° with respect to the case of absorption of horizontal movements ( first embodiment of the invention) and adapting its measurements with respect to the rod assemblies described for the previous case.
  • the construction anti-seismic insulating elements according to the present invention can also be used in a building, built or not in a seismic zone, to absorb the movements of the structure with respect to the partition caused by phenomena other than earthquakes, and not necessarily cause serious damage to the structure.
  • the partitions constructed with elements according to the invention can be adapted to the movements of the supports and building slabs and have a good behavior against the unforeseen cracking induced by thermal, climatic, wind, machinery vibration, effects of the alternation day and night, shrinkage of the concrete of the resistant structure of the building after its construction, etc.
  • the anti-seismic building insulating elements according to the invention can be used, both to fully construct a partition, and exclusively in areas where a partition is joined with the resistant structure of the building to absorb relative movements between the two and hinder the formation of compression rods. thanks to its flexibility in one direction.
  • the building-insulating seismic elements according to the invention can be arranged in rows one above the other.
  • the building anti-seismic insulating element according to the invention is preferably modular. By modular it is meant that two or more anti-seismic insulating elements can be joined together to form a partition or a portion of said partition.
  • the number of rods of rigid material comprising an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention is at least one that provides the minimum compressive strength required and will be obvious to one skilled in the art in view of the applicable regulations and the dimensions that said anti-seismic insulating element must have.
  • Said rods may optionally be provided with an anti-corrosion treatment and / or may have a circular cross-section.
  • the rods of the first set i.e., the vertical rods
  • At least two of the rods of the second set ie, two horizontal rods
  • at least two of the rods of the second set are arranged facing each other, there is also a space between them, so that said rods do not enter in contact with each other in case of seismic event.
  • At least a part of the plurality of rods protrudes slightly from the upper, lower wall and / or the side walls of the building anti-seismic insulating element, the portions being intended projections of said rods to be embedded in the joints that are usually made between the construction elements that constitute a partition.
  • This improves the union of the anti-seismic insulating element provided with said rods to the adjacent anti-seismic insulating elements that form the partition and / or to other conventional bricks, blocks, or building elements and / or to the resistant structure of the building thereby increasing the interlock between the elements.
  • the rods protrude a distance substantially equal to half the thickness of the joint necessary to join two adjoining building-insulating seismic elements. Said joint is normally filled with a material capable of setting, such as mortar.
  • part of the plurality of rods protrudes slightly, for example of the order of 0.1 to 2 cm, from the upper, lower wall and / or the side walls of the anti-seismic building insulating element.
  • the distance protruding the rods is substantially equal to half the thickness of the joint, and the die is also provided with recesses in those areas of its walls through which the rods protrude with a depth substantially equal to the thickness. of the board.
  • Said recesses optionally have a circular, rectangular or square section, and their object is to penetrate the mortar of the joint into the recesses and improve the work.
  • the protruding portion of the rods contributes to resist the compressive stresses on the construction element and increases the resistance against actions perpendicular to the plane of the partition as said protruding portions are embedded in the set material of the joint.
  • the arrangement of the plurality of rods is such that it allows the continuity of the vertical rods between an anti-seismic insulating element of the invention and another arranged in a top row. In this way, the compression received by each vertical rod during a seismic event will be transmitted directly to the rod of the lower anti-seismic insulating element until the resistant structure of the building is reached.
  • the matrix is made of a polymer, for example and preferably polyurethane, rubber, recycled rubber or rubber. mobile. The latter material has a lower density, so its use is preferred to minimize the weight of the anti-seismic insulating element.
  • the matrix may also be optionally provided with gaps or lightening made of an additional lighter material than the flexible material used in the remaining parts of the matrix.
  • lightening can be made, for example, of expanded polyurethane with a density in the range of 20 to 40 kg / m3.
  • the lightening can be air bubbles introduced or not, by means of an aerator element.
  • the material from which the matrix is formed, in addition to elastic can be thermally, acoustically insulating and / or provided with a treatment (for example, adding chlorine in the composition) that improves its reaction properties and resistance against to fire, and / or possess a surface coating of another material (for example, plaster) that improves its reaction properties and fire resistance.
  • the arrangement of the plurality of rods within the anti-seismic insulating element of the invention arranged to absorb horizontal movements is such that it leaves room for the element to be cut through the central area parallel to the side walls crossing only the material of the matrix and / or lightening, obtaining two approximately equal pieces.
  • the matrix material in addition to being flexible, is preferably such that it can be cut with basic tools (of those commonly used in the construction of buildings), such that in an anti-seismic building insulating element according to the invention it is possible to make rubbing, passing facilities and building a partition with the usual construction technique in the areas near the building structure.
  • the matrix may optionally be provided, on the external surface of at least one of its walls, with recesses intended to indicate the areas through which the element can be cut parallel to the side walls, so that it is crossed only matrix material and / or lightening.
  • the die is provided, on the outer surface of at least one of its walls, with small projections and / or indentations that define a footprint or "drawing", intended to improve the engagement / friction with the joint filling material, which can be, for example, mortar.
  • the plurality arrangement of rods results from the repetition, as many times as necessary and optionally with change of spatial orientation, of a basic pattern of rod placement.
  • the rods of the second set i.e., the horizontal rods
  • the rods of the first set i.e. vertical rods
  • the horizontal bars can continue moving in the horizontal direction of the plane of the partition with respect to the vertical ones, while favoring the bending against them, which provides the advantage of preventing movement in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the partition.
  • This bending of the horizontal rods against the vertical rods is favored by this particular arrangement of the vertical rods on both sides of the horizontal rods and at a short distance.
  • -at least one- pair of rods of the first set of rods is arranged on both sides of -at least one- rod of the second set (horizontal) and close enough to it, as to allow the bending of said -at least one- rod of the second set (horizontal) against -at least- a pair of rods of the first set of rods.
  • the vertical rods are very close, for example a few mm from, or rubbing, to the horizontal rods, but without a solidarity joint.
  • the vertical bars can continue to move in the vertical direction of the plane of the partition with respect to the horizontal ones, while favoring the bending against them, which provides the advantage of preventing movement in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the partition.
  • -at least one- pair of rods of the second set of rods is arranged on both sides of -at least- one rod of the first set (vertical) and close enough to it, as to allow the bending of said -at least one- rod of the first set (vertical) against -at least one- pair of rods of the second set of rods.
  • Fig. 1A is a schematic perspective view of an example of an anti-seismic building insulator in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 1 B is a schematic perspective view of the interior of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figure 1A which is intended primarily to absorb horizontal movements;
  • Figures 1 C and 1 D are, respectively, a top view and a sectional view according to a vertical plane, of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figures 1A and 1 B;
  • Fig. 2A is a schematic perspective view of a second example of an anti-seismic building insulator in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figures 2B and 2C are, respectively, a schematic perspective view of the interior and a top view of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figure 2A which is intended primarily to absorb horizontal movements;
  • Figures 3A and 3B are, respectively, a perspective view and a sectional view according to a vertical plane, of anti-seismic insulating construction elements according to the invention arranged in two rows;
  • Figure 4A and Figure 4B are sectional views according to a vertical plane of two embodiments of the invention which is intended to mainly absorb horizontal movements in which two possible arrangements of the rods are shown;
  • Figure 5A is a schematic perspective view of the interior of a third example of an anti-seismic building insulating element according to the present invention.
  • Figures 5B and 5C are, respectively, a top view (of the interior) and a sectional view according to a vertical plane, of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figure 5A; Y
  • Figure 6 is a sectional view, taken in a vertical plane, of the matrix of the construction anti-seismic insulating element according to the embodiment of the present invention shown schematically in Figure 2A.
  • Fig. 7A is a schematic perspective view of an example of an anti-seismic building insulator in accordance with the present invention with prismatic recesses;
  • Figure 7B is a schematic perspective view of the interior of the building anti-seismic insulating element of Figure 7A which is intended primarily to absorb vertical movements;
  • Figures 7C and 7D are sectional views according to a vertical plane of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figures 7A and 7B which is intended primarily to absorb vertical movements.
  • Figures 1A, 1 B, 1 C and 1 D show a first embodiment of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention comprising a matrix 10 with an upper wall 10a, a lower wall 10b and side walls 10c. Housed inside said matrix 10 and joined to at least one of the walls 10a, 10b, 10c, vertical rods 15a, and horizontal rods 15b are arranged, which slightly protrude through at least one of the walls 10a, 10b, 10c.
  • the horizontal rods 15b are arranged in two groups facing each other, there being a space 30 between them, so that said rods 15b do not come into contact with each other in case of seismic event
  • the basic pattern 50 of placing rods 15a, 15b (enclosed by a broken line) can be observed, which is repeated four times to give the concrete arrangement of the plurality of rods 15a, 15b shown in this example.
  • FIG. 2A A second embodiment of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention is shown in Figure 2A, in which the matrix 10 is provided with recesses 20, of cylindrical section, in those areas where the rods 15a, 15b stand out, while that Figure 2B shows a schematic perspective view of the interior of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figure 2A with a new basic pattern 50 of rod placement 15a, 15b, shown in Figure 2C. Said basic pattern 50 for placing rods 15a, 15b is different from that of the previous embodiment, shown in Figures 1A, 1 B, 1 C and 1 D.
  • FIG. 3B the process of joining anti-seismic building insulating elements according to the invention in two rows is schematically shown.
  • Fig. 3B it can be seen how according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, whenever possible, the vertical bars 15a of an earthquake insulating element are aligned with the vertical bars 15a of the other earthquake insulating element located in the upper row.
  • FIGS 4A and 4B two views are shown in section according to a vertical plane with two different rod arrangements for two embodiments of building seismic insulating elements according to the invention, in which a set of rods in the left half is repeated in the right half varying its orientation, so that the space 30 is sufficient to allow the movement of the horizontal rods by inserting into the die, and the necessary bending is available with the vertical rods as described above.
  • Figures 5A, 5B and 5C show another embodiment of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention, which is provided with lightening 40.
  • Figure 6 shows a section (according to a vertical plane) of the matrix 10 of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention, in which the recesses 20 can be seen.
  • Figures 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D show another embodiment of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention in which the rods 15b of the first set are not continuous along the vertical extension of the die. 10.
  • the matrix 10 is provided with recesses 20 of square section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an anti-seismic, insulating construction element designed for constructing building partitions, and comprising a plurality of rods (15a, 15b) made of a rigid material and substantially embedded in a matrix (10) made of a flexible material, wherein a first set of rods (15a) is housed inside the matrix (10) in a vertical direction, a second set of rods (15b) is housed inside the matrix in a horizontal direction, none of the rods of the first set (15a) is rigidly joined to any rod of the second set (15b), and the rods (15a, 15b) of one of the two sets, first (15a) or second (15b), do not extend continuously along the length of the matrix (10).

Description

ELEMENTO AISLADOR ANTI-SÍSMICO DE CONSTRUCCIÓN  ANTI-SEISMIC CONSTRUCTION INSULATOR ELEMENT
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN La presente invención pertenece al campo técnico de la construcción, y más concretamente al aislamiento sísmico de edificaciones. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention belongs to the technical field of construction, and more specifically to the seismic isolation of buildings.
Su objeto consiste en proporcionar un elemento destinado a la construcción de particiones de una edificación (es decir, cerramientos, muros y/o tabiquería), diseñado específicamente para aislar sísmicamente dicha partición de la estructura resistente de la edificación, es decir, aquella parte de la edificación destinada a resistir las cargas. Its purpose is to provide an element for the construction of partitions of a building (i.e. enclosures, walls and / or partition walls), specifically designed to seismically isolate said partition from the resistant structure of the building, that is, that part of the building destined to resist the loads.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN Las edificaciones, especialmente aquellas construidas en zonas próximas a los límites de una placa tectónica o en áreas en las que existe una importante presencia de volcanes, son susceptibles de verse afectadas por un evento sísmico. En los casos más graves, dichos eventos pueden llegar a dañar gravemente la edificación e incluso derruirla por completo. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Buildings, especially those built in areas close to the boundaries of a tectonic plate or in areas where there is a significant presence of volcanoes, are likely to be affected by a seismic event. In the most serious cases, these events can seriously damage the building and even completely tear it down.
Por ello, dentro del sector de la construcción se han desarrollado multitud de elementos constructivos antisísmicos; es decir, elementos que se incorporan a una edificación con el fin de minimizar los efectos adversos de un evento sísmico, en caso de que este se produzca. A efectos de la presente descripción, un evento sísmico no se circunscri be excl usivamente a terremotos o tem blores de tierra, sino que debe entenderse que se refiere a cualquier fenómeno de tipo mecánico o acción dinámica que pueda causar daño a la estructura resistente y/o a las particiones de una edificación. Así, el "término evento sísmico" comprende igualmente cualquier catástrofe o acción exterior que suponga, en definitiva, movimientos de la edificación que puedan afectar a la integridad estructural de la misma, tales como: explosiones, tornados, maremotos, inundaciones, etc. Therefore, within the construction sector, a multitude of anti-seismic construction elements have been developed; that is, elements that are incorporated into a building in order to minimize the adverse effects of a seismic event, should it occur. For the purposes of this description, a seismic event is not normally limited to earthquakes or earthquakes, but it should be understood that it refers to any phenomenon of mechanical type or dynamic action that may cause damage to the resistant structure and / or to the partitions of a building. Thus, the "seismic event term" also includes any catastrophe or external action that ultimately involves building movements that may affect its structural integrity, such as: explosions, tornadoes, tidal waves, floods, etc.
En la mayoría de los casos, dichos elementos constructivos antisísmicos actualmente conocidos son ladrillos o bloques destinados a la construcción de particiones que no producen aislamiento sísmico, sino que aumentan la resistencia de dichas particiones, bien porque confieren una mayor trabazón entre las piezas que lo componen, o bien porque están provistos de cables o barras interiores de refuerzo que se van uniendo entre sí y se anclan a la estructura resistente del edificio, pudiendo incluso estar pretensadas. In most cases, these currently known anti-seismic building elements are bricks or blocks intended for the construction of partitions that do not produce seismic isolation, but increase the resistance of said partitions, either because they confer greater interlocking between the parts that compose it. , O well because they are provided with cables or internal reinforcing bars that are joined together and are anchored to the resistant structure of the building, and may even be prestressed.
Así, por ejemplo, el documento IT1201302 divulga un elemento modular formado por un bloque de aglomerado que incorpora una malla metálica compuesta por barras verticales y horizontales unidas solidariamente entre sí. La malla metálica de cada bloque de aglomerado se une a las mallas metálicas de los bloques adyacentes mediante piezas especiales roscadas, de modo que se forma una estructura metálica continua y rígida que se une a la estructura resistente de la edificación, no llegando a precisarse mortero de unión entre los bloques. Es importante señalar el hecho de que como las barras verticales están unidas solidariamente a las barras horizontales, no es posible el movimiento relativo de unas barras con respecto a las otras. Thus, for example, document IT1201302 discloses a modular element formed by a block of agglomerate that incorporates a metal mesh composed of vertical and horizontal bars joined in solidarity with each other. The metal mesh of each agglomerate block is attached to the metal meshes of the adjacent blocks by means of special threaded parts, so that a continuous and rigid metal structure is formed that joins the resistant structure of the building, not requiring mortar of union between the blocks. It is important to point out the fact that since the vertical bars are joined in solidarity with the horizontal bars, the relative movement of some bars with respect to the others is not possible.
Por otro lado, es sabido que las particiones tienen una considerable influencia en la respuesta dinámica de las edificaciones. De este modo, el uso de elementos antisísmicos según la técnica anterior en la construcción de particiones, aumenta la resistencia de dichas particiones, aportando una rigidez no despreciable a la estructura del edificio que afecta a su comportamiento en caso de evento sísmico, pudiendo incluso dichas particiones causar graves daños y colapsos de edificios, como numerosos estudios y bibliografía científica ponen de manifiesto, por ejemplo en: [El-Dakhakhni W. W., Elgaaly, F. M., Hamid, A. A, Three-Strut Model for Concrete Masonry-lnfilled Steel Frames'. Journal of Structural Engineering, 129, 2, 2003], [Braga F., Manfredi V., Masi A., Salvatori A., Vona M. 'Performance of non-structural elements in RC buildings during the L'Aquila, 2009 earthquake'. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 9, 307-24, 2010], [Uva G., Porco F., Fiore A. 'Appraisal of masonry infill walls effect in the seismic response of RC framed buildings: A case study'. Engineering Structures 34, 514-526, 2012]. On the other hand, it is known that partitions have a considerable influence on the dynamic response of buildings. In this way, the use of anti-seismic elements according to the prior art in the construction of partitions, increases the resistance of said partitions, contributing a non-negligible rigidity to the structure of the building that affects its behavior in case of seismic event, even said Partitions cause serious damage and collapse of buildings, as numerous studies and scientific literature show, for example in: [El-Dakhakhni WW, Elgaaly, FM, Hamid, A. A, Three-Strut Model for Concrete Masonry-lnfilled Steel Frames '. Journal of Structural Engineering, 129, 2, 2003], [Braga F., Manfredi V., Masi A., Salvatori A., Vona M. 'Performance of non-structural elements in RC buildings during the L'Aquila, 2009 earthquake '. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 9, 307-24, 2010], [Uva G., Porco F., Fiore A. 'Appraisal of masonry infill walls effect in the seismic response of RC framed buildings: A case study'. Engineering Structures 34, 514-526, 2012].
A pesar de ello, la contribución de dichas particiones no suele tenerse en cuenta en los cálculos teóricos estructurales y/o sísmicos realizados durante la fase de proyecto de construcción de una edificación, puesto que no se consideran elementos resistentes, además de que pueden existir o no, según las necesidades de cada momento. Por este motivo, el comportamiento dinámico real de una edificación, sobre todo ante un evento sísmico, no suele coincidir con el predicho por los cálculos teóricos. Esta diferencia es aún mayor en edificaciones cuyas particiones incorporan elementos antisísmicos según la técnica anterior como los arriba indicados, puesto que dichos elementos antisísmicos contribuyen a aumentar la resistencia de las particiones y cambian la rigidez global del edificio. In spite of this, the contribution of these partitions is not usually taken into account in the theoretical structural and / or seismic calculations made during the construction phase of a building, since they are not considered resistant elements, in addition to the fact that they may exist or No, according to the needs of each moment. For this reason, the actual dynamic behavior of a building, especially when faced with a seismic event, does not usually coincide with that predicted by theoretical calculations. This difference is even greater in buildings whose partitions incorporate anti-seismic elements according to the prior art as indicated above, since said anti-seismic elements contribute to increase the resistance of the partitions and change the overall stiffness of the building.
Una forma de reducir significativamente la discrepancia entre teoría y práctica descrita anteriormente ante una acción dinámica como un terremoto, sería conseguir aislar sísmicamente las particiones de una edificación de la estructura resistente de dicha edificación. One way to significantly reduce the discrepancy between theory and practice described above before a dynamic action such as an earthquake, would be to seismically isolate the partitions of a building from the resistant structure of said building.
De hecho, las modernas normativas sísmicas establecen, en su mayoría, que si un elemento (como por ejemplo las particiones) afecta al comportamiento dinámico de una edificación, dicho elemento, bien debe ser tenido en cuenta en los cálculos, o bien debe de ser aislado sísmicamente. Sin embargo, un intento de aislar sísmicamente la estructura resistente de una edificación de las particiones puede conducir fácilmente a la pérdida de resistencia frente a acciones en el plano perpendicular a dichas particiones. Los ladrillos o bloques de la técnica anterior arriba indicados sólo aumentan la resistencia de las particiones, modificando la rigidez global del edificio, pero no son efectivos para aislar sísmicamente dichas particiones de las correspondientes estructuras resistentes de las edificaciones, por lo que en el sector existe la necesidad de proporcionar elementos diseñados específicamente para conseguir dicho aislamiento satisfactoriamente. In fact, modern seismic regulations establish, for the most part, that if an element (such as partitions) affects the dynamic behavior of a building, that element must either be taken into account in the calculations, or it must be seismically isolated. However, an attempt to seismically isolate the resistant structure of a building from the partitions can easily lead to loss of resistance against actions in the plane perpendicular to said partitions. The bricks or blocks of the prior art indicated above only increase the strength of the partitions, modifying the overall stiffness of the building, but are not effective in seismically insulating said partitions from the corresponding resistant structures of the buildings, so that in the sector there is the need to provide elements specifically designed to achieve such insulation satisfactorily.
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Con objeto de abordar los problemas y desventajas de la técnica anterior arriba indicados, la invención proporciona un elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción, destinado a la construcción de particiones de edificación que comprende: In order to address the above-mentioned problems and disadvantages of the prior art, the invention provides an anti-seismic building insulating element, intended for the construction of building partitions comprising:
- una pluralidad de varillas hechas de un material rígido; y - a plurality of rods made of a rigid material; Y
- una matriz de material flexible, provista de una pared superior, una pared inferior y paredes laterales,  - a matrix of flexible material, provided with an upper wall, a lower wall and side walls,
caracterizado porque la pluralidad de varillas está sustancialmente embebida en la matriz de material flexible de tal modo que:  characterized in that the plurality of rods is substantially embedded in the matrix of flexible material such that:
- un primer conjunto de varillas está dispuesto según la dirección vertical;  - a first set of rods is arranged according to the vertical direction;
- un segundo conjunto de varillas está dispuesto según la dirección horizontal, - ninguna de las varillas del segundo conjunto de varillas está unida solidariamente a ninguna de las varillas del primer conjunto de varillas. - las varillas de uno de los dos conjuntos, primero o segundo, no son continuas a lo largo de la matriz. - a second set of rods is arranged according to the horizontal direction, - none of the rods of the second set of rods is jointly attached to any of the rods of the first set of rods. - the rods of one of the two sets, first or second, are not continuous along the matrix.
El elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de acuerdo con la invención está diseñado para disponerse preferentemente en contacto con los pilares y las vigas o forjados de una edificación, para absorber sus movimientos en caso de evento sísmico y no transmitirlos a las particiones. The building anti-seismic insulating element according to the invention is designed to be preferably arranged in contact with the pillars and the beams or forged of a building, to absorb its movements in case of seismic event and not transmit them to the partitions.
En una primera realización de la invención, las varillas del segundo conjunto no son continuas a lo largo de la extensión horizontal de la matriz. Los elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción, de acuerdo con esta realización particular de la invención, se disponen preferiblemente en contacto con los pilares de la estructura, para absorber principalmente movimientos horizontales en caso de que se produzca un evento sísmico En la presente descripción, debe entenderse que la "dirección vertical" es la perpendicular a la superficie del suelo sobre el que descansa una partición de edificación construida a partir de los elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción de la invención, mientras que la "dirección horizontal" es aquella paralela a la superficie de dicho suelo. Asimismo, debe entenderse que una "unión solidaria" de dos piezas es aquella que impide el movimiento relativo de una de dichas piezas con respecto a la otra y que una "varilla" es una pieza de forma larga y delgada. In a first embodiment of the invention, the rods of the second set are not continuous along the horizontal extent of the die. The anti-seismic building insulating elements, according to this particular embodiment of the invention, are preferably arranged in contact with the pillars of the structure, to mainly absorb horizontal movements in the event of a seismic event. In the present description, it should be understood that the "vertical direction" is perpendicular to the surface of the soil on which a building partition built from the building-insulating earthquake insulation elements of the invention rests, while the "horizontal direction" is that parallel to the surface of said ground. Likewise, it should be understood that a "solidarity joint" of two pieces is one that prevents the relative movement of one of said pieces with respect to the other and that a "rod" is a long and thin piece.
Las varillas rígidas de un elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención están destinadas a soportar las fuerzas verticales generadas por la acción gravitatoria y, en el caso de un elemento aislador antisísmico según la primera realización de la invención, las horizontales producidas por un evento sísmico. Por ello, deben estar hechas de un material rígido y resistente, por ejemplo un acero o un plástico con un módulo de elasticidad en el rango de 2 a 250 GPa y un límite elástico en el rango de 5 a 1000 MPa. Además, su disposición dentro de la matriz es tal que permite resistir con rigidez las fuerzas gravitatorias y horizontales perpendiculares al plano de la partición, pero no las fuerzas que se deriven de movimientos en el plano de la partición. Las matrices de dichos elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción según la invención deben estar hechas, en cambio, de un material flexible por ejemplo con un módulo de elasticidad entre 1 y 1000 MPa, para permitir así absorber los movimientos que se producen en el plano de la partición sin introducir rigidez adicional, y evitar la interacción dinámica entre la partición y la estructura del edificio. Además, las dimensiones de dichas matrices son sustancialmente iguales al tamaño total del elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción. Rigid rods of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention are intended to withstand the vertical forces generated by the gravitational action and, in the case of an anti-seismic insulating element according to the first embodiment of the invention, the horizontal ones produced by a seismic event . Therefore, they must be made of a rigid and resistant material, for example a steel or a plastic with an elastic modulus in the range of 2 to 250 GPa and an elastic limit in the range of 5 to 1000 MPa. In addition, its arrangement within the matrix is such that it can resist stiffly the gravitational and horizontal forces perpendicular to the plane of the partition, but not the forces that derive from movements in the plane of the partition. The matrices of said construction anti-seismic insulating elements according to the invention must, instead, be made of a flexible material for example with an elastic modulus between 1 and 1000 MPa, in order to thus absorb the movements that occur in the plane of the partition without introducing additional stiffness, and avoiding dynamic interaction between the partition and the structure of the building. In addition, the dimensions of said matrices are substantially equal to the total size of the building anti-seismic insulating element.
Así, un elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención posee un comportamiento diferente según las tres direcciones del espacio. Por ejemplo, en el caso de un elemento aislador antisísmico según la primera realización de la invención, dicho elemento aislador antisísmico es capaz de resistir fuerzas verticales y fuerzas perpendiculares al plano de la partición gracias a la pluralidad de varillas y a su especial disposición, y capaz de absorber los movimientos horizontales que se produjesen en el plano de la partición gracias a la matriz flexible y al movimiento horizontal en el plano de la partición permitido para las barras horizontales no continuas en toda la longitud de la matriz. Thus, an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention has a different behavior according to the three directions of space. For example, in the case of an anti-seismic insulating element according to the first embodiment of the invention, said anti-seismic insulating element is capable of withstanding vertical forces and forces perpendicular to the plane of the partition thanks to the plurality of rods and its special arrangement, and capable of absorbing the horizontal movements that occurred in the plane of the partition thanks to the flexible matrix and the horizontal movement in the plane of the partition allowed for non-continuous horizontal bars in the entire length of the matrix.
De este modo, una partición construida con los elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción según la primera realización de la invención que pretenden absorber principalmente movimientos horizontales producidos por un evento sísmico según la invención es lo suficientemente rígida y resistente en dos direcciones como para soportar, gracias a la pluralidad de varillas, los esfuerzos de compresión y/o corte debidos a las cargas gravitatorias del edificio y cargas perpendiculares al plano de la partición y, simultáneamente, lo suficientemente flexible en la tercera dirección (es decir, la horizontal) como para absorber los movimientos que impone la estructura del edificio sobre la partición en su plano durante un evento sísmico sin introducir una rigidez apreciable en el plano de dicha partición, con lo que se presenta la ventaja de favorecer el aislamiento sísmico de la partición respecto a la estructura resistente de la edificación . Como se ha comentado, la flexibilidad a lo largo de esta dirección permite que dichas particiones absorban sustancialmente los movimientos inducidos por un evento sísmico en la edificación, al poder penetrar las varillas horizontales de cada elemento aislador antisísmico en la matriz que las contiene sin tropezar con otras varillas, mientras que la pluralidad de varillas y su particular disposición permiten la resistencia frente a cargas perpendiculares al plano de la partición. Asimismo, se consigue que dichas particiones estén sísmicamente aisladas de la estructura resistente de la edificación al interrumpir sustancialmente las bielas diagonales de compresión, aplastamientos y/o deslizamientos que habitualmente se forman ante un evento sísmico, y se eliminan significativamente las roturas en forma de cruz asociadas a dichas bielas de compresión. Thus, a partition constructed with the construction anti-seismic insulating elements according to the first embodiment of the invention which are intended to absorb mainly horizontal movements produced by a seismic event according to the invention is sufficiently rigid and resistant in two directions to withstand, thanks to the plurality of rods, the compression and / or shear stresses due to the gravitational loads of the building and loads perpendicular to the plane of the partition and, simultaneously, sufficiently flexible in the third direction (that is, the horizontal one) to absorb the movements imposed by the structure of the building on the partition in its plane during a seismic event without introducing an appreciable stiffness in the plane of said partition, thus presenting the advantage of favoring the seismic isolation of the partition with respect to the resistant structure of the building . As mentioned, the flexibility along this direction allows said partitions to substantially absorb the movements induced by a seismic event in the building, being able to penetrate the horizontal rods of each anti-seismic insulating element in the matrix that contains them without tripping over other rods, while the plurality of rods and their particular arrangement allow resistance against loads perpendicular to the plane of the partition. Likewise, it is achieved that said partitions are seismically isolated from the resistant structure of the building by substantially interrupting the diagonal compression cranks, crushes and / or landslides that are usually formed in the event of a seismic event, and cross-shaped breaks are significantly eliminated associated with said compression rods.
En una segunda realización de la invención, las varillas del primer conjunto no son continuas a lo largo de la extensión vertical de la matriz. Los elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción, de acuerdo con esta realización particular de la invención, se disponen preferiblemente en contacto con el forjado o las vigas de una edificación para absorber, principalmente, los movimientos verticales que puedan eventualmente producirse. In a second embodiment of the invention, the rods of the first set are not continuous along the vertical extension of the matrix. The anti-seismic building insulating elements, in accordance with this particular embodiment of the invention, are preferably arranged in contact with the slab or the beams of a building to absorb, mainly, the vertical movements that may eventually occur.
En este caso, los elementos aisladores antisísmicos según esta segunda realización de la invención pretenden absorber principalmente movimientos verticales, y su comportamiento es equivalente al descrito para el caso de absorción de movimientos horizontales (primera realización de la invención), siendo entonces las varillas dispuestas en dirección vertical (es decir, las del primer conjunto de varillas) no continuas a lo largo de toda la extensión vertical de la matriz, y continuas en la dirección horizontal, cambiando así su orientación espacial 90° respecto al caso de absorción de movimientos horizontales (primera realización de la invención) y adaptando sus medidas respecto los conjuntos de varillas descritos para el caso anterior. In this case, the anti-seismic insulating elements according to this second embodiment of the invention are intended to absorb mainly vertical movements, and their behavior is equivalent to that described for the case of horizontal movement absorption (first embodiment of the invention), the rods being then arranged in vertical direction (that is, those of the first set of rods) not continuous along the entire vertical extension of the matrix, and continuous in the horizontal direction, thus changing its spatial orientation 90 ° with respect to the case of absorption of horizontal movements ( first embodiment of the invention) and adapting its measurements with respect to the rod assemblies described for the previous case.
Según lo expuesto anteriormente, el comportamiento dinámico real de una edificación cuyas particiones estén formadas por elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción según la invención, será más cercano al predicho por los cálculos teóricos que el de una edificación construida sin dichos elementos aisladores antisísmicos. As stated above, the actual dynamic behavior of a building whose partitions are formed by building-insulating seismic elements according to the invention, will be closer to that predicted by theoretical calculations than that of a building constructed without said anti-seismic insulating elements.
Obviamente, los elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción de acuerdo con la presente invención también pueden emplearse en una edificación, construida o no en zona sísmica, para absorber los movimientos de la estructura respecto a la partición provocados por otros fenómenos que no sean terremotos, y no necesariamente causen grave daño sobre la estructura. Así, las particiones construidas con elementos según la invención pueden adaptarse a los movimientos de los soportes y forjados de la edificación y presentan un buen comportamiento frente a la fisuración no prevista inducida por esfuerzos térmicos, climáticos, viento, vibración de maquinaria, efectos de la alternancia día y noche, retracción del hormigón de la estructura resistente de la edificación tras su construcción, etc. Obviously, the construction anti-seismic insulating elements according to the present invention can also be used in a building, built or not in a seismic zone, to absorb the movements of the structure with respect to the partition caused by phenomena other than earthquakes, and not necessarily cause serious damage to the structure. Thus, the partitions constructed with elements according to the invention can be adapted to the movements of the supports and building slabs and have a good behavior against the unforeseen cracking induced by thermal, climatic, wind, machinery vibration, effects of the alternation day and night, shrinkage of the concrete of the resistant structure of the building after its construction, etc.
Los elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción según la invención pueden utilizarse, tanto para construir íntegramente una partición, como exclusivamente en zonas de unión de una partición con la estructura resistente de la edificación para absorber los movimientos relativos entre ambas y dificultar la formación de bielas de compresión gracias a su flexibilidad en una dirección. Para ello, los elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción según la invención pueden disponerse en hileras unos encima de los otros. El elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención es preferiblemente modular. Por modular quiere decirse que dos o más elementos aisladores antisísmicos pueden unirse entre sí para formar una partición o una porción de dicha partición. Además, puede tener unas dimensiones similares a la de los ladrillos o bloques usados habitualmente en la construcción de una edificación, de tal forma que para construir una partición con elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción según la invención puede emplearse la técnica de construcción habitual, con la ventaja de que no es necesario el uso de piezas adicionales. The anti-seismic building insulating elements according to the invention can be used, both to fully construct a partition, and exclusively in areas where a partition is joined with the resistant structure of the building to absorb relative movements between the two and hinder the formation of compression rods. thanks to its flexibility in one direction. For this, the building-insulating seismic elements according to the invention can be arranged in rows one above the other. The building anti-seismic insulating element according to the invention is preferably modular. By modular it is meant that two or more anti-seismic insulating elements can be joined together to form a partition or a portion of said partition. In addition, it can have dimensions similar to that of the bricks or blocks commonly used in the construction of a building, so that to construct a partition with anti-seismic building insulating elements according to the invention the usual construction technique can be used, with the advantage that the use of additional parts is not necessary.
El número de varillas de material rígido que comprende un elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención es, al menos, aquel que proporcione la mínima resistencia a la compresión requerida y será obvio para un experto en la técnica en vista de la normativa aplicable y de las dimensiones que dicho elemento aislador antisísmico deba tener. Dichas varillas pueden estar opcionalmente provistas de un tratamiento anticorrosión y/o pueden tener una sección transversal circular. Asimismo, las varillas del primer conjunto (es decir, las varillas verticales) son preferiblemente continuas a lo largo de todo el espesor de la matriz en elementos aisladores antisísmicos dispuestos para absorber movimientos horizontales (primera realización de la invención), y preferiblemente continuas en la dirección horizontal cuando el elemento aislador antisísmico se disponga para absorber movimientos verticales (segunda realización de la invención). The number of rods of rigid material comprising an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention is at least one that provides the minimum compressive strength required and will be obvious to one skilled in the art in view of the applicable regulations and the dimensions that said anti-seismic insulating element must have. Said rods may optionally be provided with an anti-corrosion treatment and / or may have a circular cross-section. Likewise, the rods of the first set (i.e., the vertical rods) are preferably continuous along the entire thickness of the matrix in anti-seismic insulating elements arranged to absorb horizontal movements (first embodiment of the invention), and preferably continuous in the horizontal direction when the seismic insulating element is arranged to absorb vertical movements (second embodiment of the invention).
En una realización de la invención prevista para absorber movimientos horizontales al menos dos de las varillas del segundo conjunto (es decir, dos varillas horizontales) están dispuestas de forma enfrentada entre sí, existiendo además un espacio entre ambas, destinado a que dichas varillas no entren en contacto entre sí en caso de evento sísmico. . In an embodiment of the invention intended to absorb horizontal movements at least two of the rods of the second set (ie, two horizontal rods) are arranged facing each other, there is also a space between them, so that said rods do not enter in contact with each other in case of seismic event. .
Según una realización preferida de la invención, al menos una parte de la pluralidad de varillas sobresale ligeramente de la pared superior, inferior y/o las paredes laterales del elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción, estando destinadas las porciones salientes de dichas varillas a quedar embebidas en las juntas que habitualmente se realizan entre los elementos de construcción que constituyen una partición. Esto mejora la unión del elemento aislador antisísmico provisto de dichas varillas a los elementos aisladores antisísmicos colindantes que forman la partición y/o a otros ladrillos, bloques, o elementos de construcción convencionales y/o a la estructura resistente de la edificación aumentando, por tanto, la trabazón entre los elementos. En una realización aún más preferida de la invención, las varillas sobresalen una distancia sustancialmente igual a la mitad del espesor de la junta necesaria para unir dos elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción colindantes. Dicha junta se rellena normalmente de un material capaz de fraguar, como el mortero. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least a part of the plurality of rods protrudes slightly from the upper, lower wall and / or the side walls of the building anti-seismic insulating element, the portions being intended projections of said rods to be embedded in the joints that are usually made between the construction elements that constitute a partition. This improves the union of the anti-seismic insulating element provided with said rods to the adjacent anti-seismic insulating elements that form the partition and / or to other conventional bricks, blocks, or building elements and / or to the resistant structure of the building thereby increasing the interlock between the elements. In an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, the rods protrude a distance substantially equal to half the thickness of the joint necessary to join two adjoining building-insulating seismic elements. Said joint is normally filled with a material capable of setting, such as mortar.
En una realización aún más preferida de la invención parte de la pluralidad de varillas sobresale ligeramente, por ejemplo del orden de 0, 1 a 2 cm, de la pared superior, inferior y/o las paredes laterales del elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción. Preferiblemente, la distancia que sobresalen las varillas es sustancialmente igual a la mitad del espesor de la junta, y la matriz está provista, asimismo, de unos rebajes en aquellas zonas de sus paredes por las que sobresalen las varillas de una profundidad sustancialmente igual al espesor de la junta. Dichos rebajes tienen opcionalmente una sección circular, rectangular o cuadrada, y su objeto es que penetre el mortero de la junta en los rebajes y se mejore la trabazón. In an even more preferred embodiment of the invention, part of the plurality of rods protrudes slightly, for example of the order of 0.1 to 2 cm, from the upper, lower wall and / or the side walls of the anti-seismic building insulating element. Preferably, the distance protruding the rods is substantially equal to half the thickness of the joint, and the die is also provided with recesses in those areas of its walls through which the rods protrude with a depth substantially equal to the thickness. of the board. Said recesses optionally have a circular, rectangular or square section, and their object is to penetrate the mortar of the joint into the recesses and improve the work.
Además, la porción saliente de las varillas contribuye a resistir los esfuerzos de compresión sobre el elemento de construcción y aumenta la resistencia frente a acciones perpendiculares al plano de la partición al quedar dichas porciones salientes embebidas en el material fraguado de la junta. In addition, the protruding portion of the rods contributes to resist the compressive stresses on the construction element and increases the resistance against actions perpendicular to the plane of the partition as said protruding portions are embedded in the set material of the joint.
De acuerdo con otra realización preferida de la invención dispuesta para absorber movimientos horizontales, la disposición de la pluralidad de varillas es tal que permite la continuidad de las varillas verticales entre un elemento aislador antisísmico de la invención y otro dispuesto en una hilera superior. De esta manera, la compresión que reciba cada varilla vertical durante un evento sísmico se trasmitirá directamente a la varilla del elemento aislador antisísmico inferior hasta alcanzar la estructura resistente de la edificación. Por otro lado, en otra realización preferida de la invención la matriz está hecha de un polímero, por ejemplo y preferiblemente poliuretano, caucho, caucho reciclado o caucho celular. Este último material tiene una menor densidad, por lo que se prefiere su uso para minimizar el peso del elemento aislador antisísmico. Asimismo, la matriz también puede estar opcionalmente provista de huecos o aligeramientos hechos de un material adicional más liviano que el material flexible empleado en las partes restantes de la matriz. Dichos aligeramientos pueden estar hechos, por ejemplo, de poliuretano expandido con una densidad en el rango de 20 a 40 kg/m3. Alternativamente, los aligeramientos pueden ser burbujas de aire introducidas o no, mediante un elemento aireador. Asimismo, el material a partir del cual se forma la matriz, además de elástico, puede ser térmica, acústicamente aislante y/o estar provisto de un tratamiento (por ejemplo, añadir cloro en la composición) que mejore sus propiedades de reacción y resistencia frente al fuego, y/o poseer un revestimiento superficial de otro material (por ejemplo, yeso) que mejore sus propiedades de reacción y resistencia frente al fuego. According to another preferred embodiment of the invention arranged to absorb horizontal movements, the arrangement of the plurality of rods is such that it allows the continuity of the vertical rods between an anti-seismic insulating element of the invention and another arranged in a top row. In this way, the compression received by each vertical rod during a seismic event will be transmitted directly to the rod of the lower anti-seismic insulating element until the resistant structure of the building is reached. On the other hand, in another preferred embodiment of the invention the matrix is made of a polymer, for example and preferably polyurethane, rubber, recycled rubber or rubber. mobile. The latter material has a lower density, so its use is preferred to minimize the weight of the anti-seismic insulating element. Likewise, the matrix may also be optionally provided with gaps or lightening made of an additional lighter material than the flexible material used in the remaining parts of the matrix. Such lightening can be made, for example, of expanded polyurethane with a density in the range of 20 to 40 kg / m3. Alternatively, the lightening can be air bubbles introduced or not, by means of an aerator element. Also, the material from which the matrix is formed, in addition to elastic, can be thermally, acoustically insulating and / or provided with a treatment (for example, adding chlorine in the composition) that improves its reaction properties and resistance against to fire, and / or possess a surface coating of another material (for example, plaster) that improves its reaction properties and fire resistance.
Según una realización preferida de la invención, la disposición de la pluralidad de varillas dentro del elemento aislador antisísmico de la invención dispuesto para absorber movimientos horizontales, es tal que deja espacio para que el elemento pueda cortarse por la zona central paralelamente a las paredes laterales atravesando únicamente el material de la matriz y/o aligeramiento, obteniendo dos piezas aproximadamente iguales. Igualmente el material de la matriz, además de ser flexible, preferiblemente es tal que puede cortarse con herramientas básicas (de las utilizadas habitualmente en la construcción de edificaciones), de tal forma que en un elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención es posible hacer rozas, pasar instalaciones y construir una partición con la técnica de construcción habitual en las zonas cercanas a la estructura del edificio. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the arrangement of the plurality of rods within the anti-seismic insulating element of the invention arranged to absorb horizontal movements, is such that it leaves room for the element to be cut through the central area parallel to the side walls crossing only the material of the matrix and / or lightening, obtaining two approximately equal pieces. Likewise, the matrix material, in addition to being flexible, is preferably such that it can be cut with basic tools (of those commonly used in the construction of buildings), such that in an anti-seismic building insulating element according to the invention it is possible to make rubbing, passing facilities and building a partition with the usual construction technique in the areas near the building structure.
Por otro lado, la matriz puede estar opcionalmente provista, en la superficie externa de al menos una de sus paredes, de rebajes destinados a indicar las zonas por las que se puede cortar el elemento paralelamente a las paredes laterales, de manera que se atraviese únicamente material de la matriz y/o aligeramiento. On the other hand, the matrix may optionally be provided, on the external surface of at least one of its walls, with recesses intended to indicate the areas through which the element can be cut parallel to the side walls, so that it is crossed only matrix material and / or lightening.
En otra realización preferida de la invención, la matriz está provista, en la superficie externa de al menos una de sus paredes, de pequeños resaltes y/o hendiduras que definen una huella o "dibujo", destinado a mejorar la trabazón/rozamiento con el material de relleno de las juntas, el cual puede ser, por ejemplo, mortero. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the die is provided, on the outer surface of at least one of its walls, with small projections and / or indentations that define a footprint or "drawing", intended to improve the engagement / friction with the joint filling material, which can be, for example, mortar.
Asimismo, en otra realización preferida de la invención, la disposición de la pluralidad de varillas resulta de la repetición, tantas veces como sea preciso y opcionalmente con cambio de orientación espacial, de un patrón básico de colocación de varillas. Also, in another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plurality arrangement of rods results from the repetition, as many times as necessary and optionally with change of spatial orientation, of a basic pattern of rod placement.
En otra realización preferida de la invención dispuesta para absorber movimientos horizontales las varillas del segundo conjunto (es decir, las varillas horizontales) están muy próximas, por ejemplo a pocos mm de, o rozando, a las varillas del primer conjunto (es decir, las varillas verticales), pero sin que exista una unión solidaria. In another preferred embodiment of the invention arranged to absorb horizontal movements the rods of the second set (i.e., the horizontal rods) are very close, for example a few mm from, or rubbing, to the rods of the first set (i.e. vertical rods), but without a solidarity union.
De este modo, las barras horizontales pueden continuar moviéndose en la dirección horizontal del plano de la partición con respecto a las verticales, al mismo tiempo que se favorece el acodalamiento contra ellas, lo que aporta como ventaja impedir el movimiento en la dirección perpendicular al plano de la partición. Este acodalamiento de las varillas horizontales contra las verticales se favorece mediante esta disposición particular de las varillas verticales a ambos lados de las varillas horizontales y a escasa distancia. In this way, the horizontal bars can continue moving in the horizontal direction of the plane of the partition with respect to the vertical ones, while favoring the bending against them, which provides the advantage of preventing movement in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the partition. This bending of the horizontal rods against the vertical rods is favored by this particular arrangement of the vertical rods on both sides of the horizontal rods and at a short distance.
En otra realización aún más preferida, -al menos una- pareja de varillas del primer conjunto de varillas (vertical) está dispuesta a ambos lados de -al menos una- varilla del segundo conjunto (horizontal) y lo suficientemente próxima a ésta, como para permitir el acodalamiento de dicha -al menos una- varilla del segundo conjunto (horizontal) contra -al menos una- pareja de varillas del primer conjunto de varillas. In another even more preferred embodiment, -at least one- pair of rods of the first set of rods (vertical) is arranged on both sides of -at least one- rod of the second set (horizontal) and close enough to it, as to allow the bending of said -at least one- rod of the second set (horizontal) against -at least- a pair of rods of the first set of rods.
De forma similar, en otra realización preferida de la invención prevista para absorber movimientos verticales, las varillas verticales están muy próximas, por ejemplo a pocos mm de, o rozando, a las varillas horizontales, pero sin que exista una unión solidaria. De este modo, las barras verticales pueden continuar moviéndose en la dirección vertical del plano de la partición con respecto a las horizontales, al mismo tiempo que se favorece el acodalamiento contra ellas, lo que aporta como ventaja impedir el movimiento en la dirección perpendicular al plano de la partición. En otra realización aún más preferida, -al menos una- pareja de varillas del segundo conjunto de varillas (horizontal) está dispuesta a ambos lados de -al menos una- varilla del primer conjunto (vertical) y lo suficientemente próxima a ésta, como para permitir el acodalamiento de dicha -al menos una- varilla del primer conjunto (vertical) contra -al menos una- pareja de varillas del segundo conjunto de varillas. BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS Similarly, in another preferred embodiment of the invention intended to absorb vertical movements, the vertical rods are very close, for example a few mm from, or rubbing, to the horizontal rods, but without a solidarity joint. In this way, the vertical bars can continue to move in the vertical direction of the plane of the partition with respect to the horizontal ones, while favoring the bending against them, which provides the advantage of preventing movement in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the partition. In another even more preferred embodiment, -at least one- pair of rods of the second set of rods (horizontal) is arranged on both sides of -at least- one rod of the first set (vertical) and close enough to it, as to allow the bending of said -at least one- rod of the first set (vertical) against -at least one- pair of rods of the second set of rods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
La figura 1A es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de un ejemplo de elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de acuerdo con la presente invención; Fig. 1A is a schematic perspective view of an example of an anti-seismic building insulator in accordance with the present invention;
La figura 1 B es una vista esquemática en perspectiva del interior del elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de la figura 1A que pretende absorber principalmente movimientos horizontales;  Figure 1 B is a schematic perspective view of the interior of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figure 1A which is intended primarily to absorb horizontal movements;
Las figuras 1 C y 1 D son, respectivamente, una vista superior y una vista en corte según un plano vertical, del elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de las figuras 1A y 1 B;  Figures 1 C and 1 D are, respectively, a top view and a sectional view according to a vertical plane, of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figures 1A and 1 B;
La figura 2A es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de un segundo ejemplo de elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de acuerdo con la presente invención, Fig. 2A is a schematic perspective view of a second example of an anti-seismic building insulator in accordance with the present invention,
Las figuras 2B y 2C son, respectivamente, una vista esquemática en perspectiva del interior y una vista superior del elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de la figura 2A que pretende absorber principalmente movimientos horizontales; Figures 2B and 2C are, respectively, a schematic perspective view of the interior and a top view of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figure 2A which is intended primarily to absorb horizontal movements;
Las figuras 3A y 3B son, respectivamente, una vista en perspectiva y una vista en corte según un plano vertical, de elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción según la invención dispuestos en dos hileras;  Figures 3A and 3B are, respectively, a perspective view and a sectional view according to a vertical plane, of anti-seismic insulating construction elements according to the invention arranged in two rows;
La figura 4A y la figura 4B son vistas en corte según un plano vertical de dos realizaciones de la invención que pretende absorber principalmente movimientos horizontales en las que se muestran dos posibles disposiciones de las varillas;  Figure 4A and Figure 4B are sectional views according to a vertical plane of two embodiments of the invention which is intended to mainly absorb horizontal movements in which two possible arrangements of the rods are shown;
La figura 5A es una vista esquemática en perspectiva del interior de un tercer ejemplo de elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de acuerdo con la presente invención;  Figure 5A is a schematic perspective view of the interior of a third example of an anti-seismic building insulating element according to the present invention;
Las figuras 5B y 5C son, respectivamente, una vista superior (del interior) y una vista en corte según un plano vertical, del elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de la figura 5A; y  Figures 5B and 5C are, respectively, a top view (of the interior) and a sectional view according to a vertical plane, of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figure 5A; Y
La figura 6 es una vista en corte según un plano vertical, de la matriz de elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de acuerdo con la realización de la presente invención que se muestra esquemáticamente en la figura 2A.  Figure 6 is a sectional view, taken in a vertical plane, of the matrix of the construction anti-seismic insulating element according to the embodiment of the present invention shown schematically in Figure 2A.
La figura 7A es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de un ejemplo de elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de acuerdo con la presente invención con rebajes prismáticos; La figura 7B es una vista esquemática en perspectiva del interior del elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de la figura 7A que pretende absorber principalmente movimientos verticales; Fig. 7A is a schematic perspective view of an example of an anti-seismic building insulator in accordance with the present invention with prismatic recesses; Figure 7B is a schematic perspective view of the interior of the building anti-seismic insulating element of Figure 7A which is intended primarily to absorb vertical movements;
La figuras 7C y 7D son vistas en corte según un plano vertical del elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de las figuras 7A y 7B que pretende absorber principalmente movimientos verticales.  Figures 7C and 7D are sectional views according to a vertical plane of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figures 7A and 7B which is intended primarily to absorb vertical movements.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN A continuación se describen varios ejemplos concretos de la invención haciendo referencia a las figuras adjuntas. En dichas figuras, los componentes con funciones iguales o similares se han designado usando el mismo número de referencia. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Several specific examples of the invention are described below with reference to the attached figures. In said figures, components with the same or similar functions have been designated using the same reference number.
Las figuras 1A, 1 B, 1 C y 1 D muestran una primera realización de un elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención que comprende una matriz 10 con una pared superior 10a, una pared inferior 10b y paredes laterales 10c. Alojadas en el interior de dicha matriz 10 y unidas a al menos una de las paredes 10a, 10b, 10c, están dispuestas varillas verticales 15a, y varillas horizontales 15b, que sobresalen ligeramente por al menos una de las paredes 10a, 10b, 10c. Figures 1A, 1 B, 1 C and 1 D show a first embodiment of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention comprising a matrix 10 with an upper wall 10a, a lower wall 10b and side walls 10c. Housed inside said matrix 10 and joined to at least one of the walls 10a, 10b, 10c, vertical rods 15a, and horizontal rods 15b are arranged, which slightly protrude through at least one of the walls 10a, 10b, 10c.
En este ejemplo de realización de elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención, las varillas horizontales 15b están dispuestas en dos grupos enfrentados entre sí, existiendo un espacio 30 entre ambas, destinado a que dichas varillas 15b no entren en contacto entre sí en caso de evento sísmico. En la figura 1 C se puede observar el patrón básico 50 de colocación de varillas 15a, 15b (encerrado por una línea discontinua) que es repetido cuatro veces para dar la disposición concreta de la pluralidad de varillas 15a, 15b mostrada en este ejemplo. In this exemplary embodiment of the construction anti-seismic insulating element according to the invention, the horizontal rods 15b are arranged in two groups facing each other, there being a space 30 between them, so that said rods 15b do not come into contact with each other in case of seismic event In FIG. 1 C, the basic pattern 50 of placing rods 15a, 15b (enclosed by a broken line) can be observed, which is repeated four times to give the concrete arrangement of the plurality of rods 15a, 15b shown in this example.
En la figura 2A se muestra una segunda realización de un elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención, en el que la matriz 10 está provista de rebajes 20, de sección cilindrica, en aquellas zonas en las que sobresalen las varillas 15a, 15b, mientras que la figura 2B muestra una vista esquemática en perspectiva del interior del elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción de la figura 2A con un nuevo patrón básico 50 de colocación de varillas 15a, 15b, mostrado en la figura 2C. Dicho patrón básico 50 de colocación de varillas 15a, 15b es diferente del de la realización anterior, mostrada en las figuras 1A, 1 B, 1 C y 1 D. En las figuras 3A y 3B se muestra esquemáticamente el proceso de unión de elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción según la invención en dos hileras. En la figura 3B puede apreciarse cómo según una realización preferida de la invención, siempre que es posible, las barras verticales 15a de un elemento aislador antisísmico se alinean con las barras verticales 15a del otro elemento aislador antisísmico situado en la hilera superior. A second embodiment of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention is shown in Figure 2A, in which the matrix 10 is provided with recesses 20, of cylindrical section, in those areas where the rods 15a, 15b stand out, while that Figure 2B shows a schematic perspective view of the interior of the construction anti-seismic insulating element of Figure 2A with a new basic pattern 50 of rod placement 15a, 15b, shown in Figure 2C. Said basic pattern 50 for placing rods 15a, 15b is different from that of the previous embodiment, shown in Figures 1A, 1 B, 1 C and 1 D. In figures 3A and 3B, the process of joining anti-seismic building insulating elements according to the invention in two rows is schematically shown. In Fig. 3B it can be seen how according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, whenever possible, the vertical bars 15a of an earthquake insulating element are aligned with the vertical bars 15a of the other earthquake insulating element located in the upper row.
En las figuras 4A y 4B se muestran dos vistas en corte según un plano vertical con dos disposiciones de varillas diferentes para dos realizaciones de elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción según la invención, en las cuales un conjunto de varillas en la mitad izquierda es repetido en la mitad derecha variando su orientación, de modo que el espacio 30 es suficiente para permitir el movimiento de las varillas horizontales insertándose en la matriz, y se dispone del acodalamiento necesario con las varillas verticales según lo descrito anteriormente. In Figures 4A and 4B two views are shown in section according to a vertical plane with two different rod arrangements for two embodiments of building seismic insulating elements according to the invention, in which a set of rods in the left half is repeated in the right half varying its orientation, so that the space 30 is sufficient to allow the movement of the horizontal rods by inserting into the die, and the necessary bending is available with the vertical rods as described above.
Las figuras 5A, 5B y 5C muestran otra realización de un elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención, que está provisto de aligeramientos 40.  Figures 5A, 5B and 5C show another embodiment of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention, which is provided with lightening 40.
La figura 6 muestra un corte (según un plano vertical) de la matriz 10 de un elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención, en el que pueden apreciarse los rebajes 20. Figure 6 shows a section (according to a vertical plane) of the matrix 10 of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention, in which the recesses 20 can be seen.
Las figuras 7A, 7B, 7C y 7D muestran otra realización de un elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción según la invención en el que las varillas 15b del primer conjunto no son continuas a lo largo de la extensión vertical de la matriz.10. En esta realización de la invención, la matriz 10 está provista de rebajes 20 de sección cuadrada. Figures 7A, 7B, 7C and 7D show another embodiment of an anti-seismic insulating construction element according to the invention in which the rods 15b of the first set are not continuous along the vertical extension of the die. 10. In this embodiment of the invention, the matrix 10 is provided with recesses 20 of square section.
Aunque la invención se ha descrito únicamente con relación a las realizaciones a las que se hace mención en la presente, debe entenderse que otras posibles combinaciones, variaciones y mejoras, también estarían incluidas dentro del alcance de protección de la invención, el cual está definido exclusivamente por las reivindicaciones adjuntas. Although the invention has been described only in relation to the embodiments referred to herein, it should be understood that other possible combinations, variations and improvements, would also be included within the scope of protection of the invention, which is defined exclusively by the appended claims.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
Elemento aislador antisísmico de construcción, destinado a la construcción de particiones de edificación, que comprende: Building anti-seismic insulating element, intended for the construction of building partitions, comprising:
- una pluralidad de varillas (15a, 15b) de un material rígido; y  - a plurality of rods (15a, 15b) of a rigid material; Y
- una matriz (10) de material flexible provista de una pared superior (10a), una pared inferior (10b) y paredes laterales (10c),  - a matrix (10) of flexible material provided with an upper wall (10a), a lower wall (10b) and side walls (10c),
caracterizado porque la pluralidad de varillas (15a, 15b) está sustancialmente embebida en la matriz (10) de material flexible de tal modo que: characterized in that the plurality of rods (15a, 15b) is substantially embedded in the matrix (10) of flexible material such that:
- un primer conjunto de varillas (15a) está dispuesto según la dirección vertical; - a first set of rods (15a) is arranged according to the vertical direction;
- un segundo conjunto de varillas (15b) está dispuesto según la dirección horizontal, - a second set of rods (15b) is arranged according to the horizontal direction,
-ninguna de las varillas (15b) del segundo conjunto de varillas (15b) está unida a ninguna de las varillas (15a) del primer conjunto de varillas (15a),  - none of the rods (15b) of the second set of rods (15b) is attached to any of the rods (15a) of the first set of rods (15a),
- las varillas (15a; 15b) de uno de los dos conjuntos, primero (15a) o segundo (15b), no son continuas a lo largo de la matriz (10).  - the rods (15a; 15b) of one of the two sets, first (15a) or second (15b), are not continuous along the matrix (10).
Elemento según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque las varillas del segundo conjunto (15b) no son continuas a lo largo de la extensión horizontal de la matriz (10). Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods of the second set (15b) are not continuous along the horizontal extension of the die (10).
Elemento según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque las varillas del primer conjunto (15a) no son continuas a lo largo de la extensión vertical de la matriz (10). Element according to claim 1, characterized in that the rods of the first assembly (15a) are not continuous along the vertical extension of the die (10).
Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque es de tipo modular. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is of the modular type.
Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque al menos una parte de la pluralidad de varillas sobresale (15a, 15b) de la pared superior (10a), inferior (10b) y/o las paredes laterales (10c). Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part of the plurality of rods protrudes (15a, 15b) from the upper wall (10a), lower (10b) and / or the side walls (10c).
Elemento según la reivindicación 5, caracterizado porque las varillas (15a, 15b) sobresalen una distancia sustancialmente igual a la mitad del espesor de la junta necesaria para unir dos elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción colindantes. Element according to claim 5, characterized in that the rods (15a, 15b) protrude a distance substantially equal to half the thickness of the joint necessary to join two adjacent seismic building insulation elements.
7. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 5 ó 6, caracterizado porque la matriz (10) está provista de unos rebajes (20) en aquellas zonas de sus paredes por las que sobresalen las varillas (15a, 15b). 8. Elemento según la reivindicación 7, caracterizado porque los rebajes (20) tienen una sección circular, rectangular o cuadrada. Element according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the matrix (10) is provided with recesses (20) in those areas of its walls where the rods (15a, 15b) protrude. Element according to claim 7, characterized in that the recesses (20) have a circular, rectangular or square section.
9. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque al menos dos de las varillas (15b) del segundo conjunto están dispuestas de forma enfrentada entre sí, existiendo además un espacio (30) entre ambas, destinado a que dichas varillas (15b) no entren en contacto entre sí en caso de evento sísmico. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two of the rods (15b) of the second set are arranged facing each other, there is also a space (30) between them, intended for said rods (15b) Do not come into contact with each other in case of seismic event.
10. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque las varillas (15b) del segundo conjunto están muy próximas o rozando a las varillas (15a) del primer conjunto. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rods (15b) of the second set are very close or touching the rods (15a) of the first set.
1 1. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque las varillas (15a, 15b) están provistas de un tratamiento anticorrosión. 12. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque las varillas (15a, 15b) tienen una sección transversal circular. 1 1. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rods (15a, 15b) are provided with an anti-corrosion treatment. 12. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rods (15a, 15b) have a circular cross-section.
13. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la disposición de la pluralidad de varillas (15a, 15b) es tal que permite la continuidad de las varillas verticales (15a) entre un elemento aislador antisísmico de la invención y otro dispuesto en una hilera superior. 13. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement of the plurality of rods (15a, 15b) is such that it allows the continuity of the vertical rods (15a) between an anti-seismic insulating element of the invention and another arranged in a top row
14. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la matriz (10) está hecha de un polímero, preferiblemente poliuretano, caucho, caucho reciclado o caucho celular. 14. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix (10) is made of a polymer, preferably polyurethane, rubber, recycled rubber or cellular rubber.
15. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la matriz (10) está provista de aligeramientos (40) hechos de un material adicional más liviano que el material flexible empleado en las partes restantes de la matriz (10). 15. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix (10) is provided with lightening (40) made of an additional lighter material than the flexible material used in the remaining parts of the matrix (10).
16. Elemento según la reivindicación 15, caracterizado porque los aligeramientos (40) son burbujas de aire y/o están hechos de poliuretano expandido con una densidad en el rango de 20 a 40 kg/m3. 16. Element according to claim 15, characterized in that the lightening (40) are air bubbles and / or are made of expanded polyurethane with a density in the range of 20 to 40 kg / m3.
17. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la matriz (10) está provista, en la superficie externa de al menos una de sus paredes, de resaltes y/o hendiduras que definen una huella o dibujo. 17. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix (10) is provided, on the external surface of at least one of its walls, with projections and / or indentations that define a fingerprint or drawing.
18. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la disposición de la pluralidad de varillas (15a, 15b) resulta de la repetición, opcionalmente con cambio de orientación espacial, de un patrón básico (50) de colocación de varillas (15a, 15b). 18. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement of the plurality of rods (15a, 15b) results from the repetition, optionally with change of spatial orientation, of a basic pattern (50) of rod placement (15a, 15b).
19. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque -al menos una- pareja de varillas del primer conjunto de varillas (15a) está dispuesta a ambos lados de -al menos una- varilla del segundo conjunto (15b) y lo suficientemente próxima a ésta, como para permitir el acodalamiento de dicha -al menos una- varilla del segundo conjunto (15b), contra dicha -al menos una- pareja de varillas del primer conjunto de varillas (15a). 19. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that -at least one- pair of rods of the first set of rods (15a) is arranged on both sides of -at least one- rod of the second set (15b) and close enough to this, as to allow the bending of said -at least one- rod of the second set (15b), against said -at least- a pair of rods of the first set of rods (15a).
20. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque al menos una- pareja de varillas del segundo conjunto de varillas (15b) está dispuesta a ambos lados de -al menos una- varilla del primer conjunto (15a) y lo suficientemente próxima a ésta, como para permitir el acodalamiento de dicha -al menos una- varilla del primer conjunto (15a) contra -al menos una- pareja de varillas del segundo conjunto de varillas (15b). 20. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one pair of rods of the second set of rods (15b) is arranged on both sides of -at least one- rod of the first set (15a) and sufficiently close to this one, as to allow the bending of said -at least one- rod of the first set (15a) against -at least- a pair of rods of the second set of rods (15b).
21. Elemento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la matriz es térmicamente aislante, acústicamente aislante y/o está provista de un tratamiento que mejora sus propiedades de reacción y resistencia frente al fuego, y/o posee un revestimiento superficial de otro material que mejora sus propiedades de reacción y resistencia frente al fuego. 21. Element according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the matrix is thermally insulating, acoustically insulating and / or is provided with a treatment that improves its reaction and fire resistance properties, and / or has a surface coating of another material which improves its reaction properties and fire resistance.
22. Partición de edificación, caracterizada porque está total o parcialmente construida con los elementos aisladores antisísmicos de construcción de cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores. 22. Building partition, characterized in that it is totally or partially constructed with the anti-seismic building insulating elements of any of the preceding claims.
PCT/ES2015/070215 2014-03-25 2015-03-24 Anti-seismic, insulating construction element WO2015144958A1 (en)

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EP15769237.7A EP3130715B1 (en) 2014-03-25 2015-03-24 Anti-seismic, insulating construction element

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ES201430420A ES2524844B1 (en) 2014-03-25 2014-03-25 Building anti-seismic insulator
ESP201430420 2014-03-25

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ES (1) ES2524844B1 (en)
IT (1) ITMI20150067U1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2015144958A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2708385B2 (en) * 2018-10-24 2020-12-23 Univ Valencia Politecnica Seismic corner isolator for seismic adaptation of buildings.
CN115434446A (en) * 2021-06-03 2022-12-06 魏勇 External wall sandwich heat-insulation and anti-seismic integrated structure

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GB190904157A (en) * 1909-02-19 1909-07-22 Ernest Homan Improvements in or connected with Fireproof Floors, Partitions and the like.
IT1201302B (en) * 1985-05-27 1989-01-27 Verniscot Di Lanza Giovannino PREFABRICATED PANEL FOR SEISMIC CONSTRUCTION
US5992119A (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-11-30 Rokhlin; Zinoviy Construction block, and a structure provided with the same
WO2004035956A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-04-29 Seung Wook Lee Block fabrication method and construction method
US20080245005A1 (en) * 2007-04-09 2008-10-09 Fennell Harry C Reusable Modular Block Wall Assembly System
ES2382847A1 (en) * 2010-11-19 2012-06-14 Universidad Miguel Hernández De Elche Sismorresistent constructive element for the execution of load walls (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB190904157A (en) * 1909-02-19 1909-07-22 Ernest Homan Improvements in or connected with Fireproof Floors, Partitions and the like.
IT1201302B (en) * 1985-05-27 1989-01-27 Verniscot Di Lanza Giovannino PREFABRICATED PANEL FOR SEISMIC CONSTRUCTION
US5992119A (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-11-30 Rokhlin; Zinoviy Construction block, and a structure provided with the same
WO2004035956A1 (en) * 2002-10-15 2004-04-29 Seung Wook Lee Block fabrication method and construction method
US20080245005A1 (en) * 2007-04-09 2008-10-09 Fennell Harry C Reusable Modular Block Wall Assembly System
ES2382847A1 (en) * 2010-11-19 2012-06-14 Universidad Miguel Hernández De Elche Sismorresistent constructive element for the execution of load walls (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

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Publication number Publication date
PE20161188A1 (en) 2016-11-09
ES2524844A1 (en) 2014-12-12
EP3130715A1 (en) 2017-02-15
EP3130715B1 (en) 2019-02-13
ES2524844B1 (en) 2015-09-23
ITMI20150067U1 (en) 2016-09-23
EP3130715A4 (en) 2018-01-03

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