WO2015140363A1 - Device for cleaning rows of solar panels in photovoltaic power stations, solar farms and installations on roofs of more than thousand square metres - Google Patents

Device for cleaning rows of solar panels in photovoltaic power stations, solar farms and installations on roofs of more than thousand square metres Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015140363A1
WO2015140363A1 PCT/ES2014/070457 ES2014070457W WO2015140363A1 WO 2015140363 A1 WO2015140363 A1 WO 2015140363A1 ES 2014070457 W ES2014070457 W ES 2014070457W WO 2015140363 A1 WO2015140363 A1 WO 2015140363A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
solar panels
height
inclination
photovoltaic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2014/070457
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
José Mª GARCÍA GALLARDO
Original Assignee
GARCÍA GALLARDO JOSÉ Mª
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Publication of WO2015140363A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015140363A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B3/024—Cleaning by means of spray elements moving over the surface to be cleaned
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/20—Cleaning; Removing snow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • B05B1/20—Arrangements of several outlets along elongated bodies, e.g. perforated pipes or troughs, e.g. spray booms; Outlet elements therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0405—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with reciprocating or oscillating spray heads
    • B05B13/041—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with reciprocating or oscillating spray heads with spray heads reciprocating along a straight line
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
    • B05B15/60—Arrangements for mounting, supporting or holding spraying apparatus
    • B05B15/68—Arrangements for adjusting the position of spray heads
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of cleaning photovoltaic panels located in rows and installed in power plants, solar orchards or on roofs of more than one thousand square meters consisting of a mobile car on which an inverted L is located that moves longitudinally on a rail that travel the entire row of solar panels, providing demineralized water under pressure and / or cleaning liquid until a cleaning of the entire row of plates is achieved in a short time and automatically, avoiding the slow labor required by the plate maintenance.
  • the dirt that accumulates on solar panels is responsible for production losses that can vary between ten percent and twenty-five percent.
  • the loss of production immediately translates into less revenue from the sale of electricity to the grid or for consumption.
  • the cleaning of the panels with hoses and water from the tap is not advisable, since the water in the public network contains lime and other minerals that when applied to the panels produce scale that serve as a subject to dirt.
  • the present invention has its field of application in the industry of automatic washing machines widespread in the automotive and, within this, in the one of the automatic cleaners for rows of plates in the photovoltaic plants, solar gardens and installations of more than thousand square meters.
  • Document 1062794 describes a cleaning equipment fixed to the frames of a single solar panel composed of tubes with their corresponding nozzles for spraying soap and water.
  • Document 1070127 proposes a cleaning assembly that slides vertically or horizontally on the solar panel and is attached to it by means of fasteners on its side or its back.
  • Document 2197599 describes longitudinal guides installed on the outside of the solar panels and a driving group that makes the movement of said guides across the surface of the solar panel.
  • Document 1062794 describes tubes that are attached to the frame of the solar panel and includes sprinklers but these sprinklers do not cover the entire surface of the solar panel with water and cleaning products, nor do they clean it only by wetting it.
  • Document 1070127 proposes a cleaning set for a single solar panel but it is a cleaning attempt to cover as many plates as possible, that is, an installation for an entire photovoltaic plant.
  • Document 2197599 narrates longitudinal guides installed on the outside of the solar panels but its fixation to the plate is immovable and the solar plate involves a series of movements and they are not placed on a flat surface but the surface has swings and these, they are not controllable, in addition this invention would be for individual panels not installed, that is to say, it would be for the serial production of new plates, but obvious the enormous amount of solar orchards already covered in operation, since they would have to be disassembled whole to install one by one this invention, something economically unfeasible for the already assembled.
  • the system proposed by the present invention provides the following advantages to the state of the art:
  • the present invention is constituted from a rail that runs parallel to a row of solar panels installed in this way in a photovoltaic plant.
  • an inverted L-shaped mobile structure is longitudinally displaced.
  • the inverted L-shaped structure consists of a profile or pillar as a guide column that moves with the mobile car to which another profile in the form of a sweeping arm is attached, provided with adjustable height and inclination to adapt to the height and inclination of the photovoltaic panel, as well as the terrain's own singularities.
  • Barrier type optical sensors control the vertical movement and the angle of the said arm from which water and cleaning liquid is projected through the lower holes of the profiles.
  • a motor drives the movement of the assembly on its rail, while the pump drives the water and cleaning liquid from the tank.
  • the engine incorporates a limit switch sensor which in turn activates the reverse movement of both.
  • a second motor drives the movement of the referred arm in height or inclination including a height sensor that allows to maintain a constant distance to the photovoltaic panel with independence of the land itself that also cuts off the water at the moment the sensor does not detect any object, that is, when it is moved from one plate to another moving through a plate-free space.
  • the operation begins when the motor that activates the movement on its rail of the mobile car is activated on which the inverted L-shaped structure is fixed, until a complete sweep of the row is carried out from the first panel that conforms it to the the latter using an arm from which the cleaning liquid is released that maintains an inclination identical to that of the surface of the panel on which it acts. Through the holes made in the arm profile, they expand water and liquid.
  • the height sensors by detecting some unevenness in the surface of any of the panels that are in its path, increase or reduce the height of the arm while maintaining the inclination.
  • a sensor detects the end of the rail and stops or mobilizes the carriage movement in reverse.
  • Figure 2. View of the distribution panel of cleaners object of invention on a photovoltaic installation.
  • Pillar provided with longitudinal rail movement
  • a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention is constituted from rails (1) arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the rows of solar panels (2) installed in this way in a photovoltaic plant.
  • the corresponding pillar (3) is moved longitudinally, which in turn incorporates the corresponding inclined arm (4) provided with height and inclination adjustment to maintain a constant distance to the corresponding panel on which the cleaning is carried out.
  • Barrier-type optical sensors (5) control the movement of the inclined arm.
  • Said inclined arm (4) expels water and cleaning liquid through the lower holes (6).
  • a motor drives the movement of the pillar (3) on the rails (1).
  • a pump drives the cleaning liquid and / or water from a tank or the network itself if it is available at the foot of the installation, for which a simple filtering system will be available.
  • the longitudinal movement motor incorporates an end-of-stroke sensor that in turn activates the inverse movement of the assembly once it has been cleaned until the end of the course.
  • a second motor drives the movement in height and inclination of the arm (4) from the information captured by the optical sensors (5), even cutting the passage of water over the corresponding holes (6) at the moment when the sensor (5) Do not detect any object, that is, when moving from one plate to another moving through a plate-free space.
  • Operation begins when the main motor that activates the movement of the abutment (3) on its corresponding rail (1) is activated, while the secondary motor through the sensors (5) positions the arm at the appropriate distance and activates the operation of cleaning by starting the circuit that is projected through the holes (6).
  • the sensors in height (5) when detecting any unevenness in the surface or any change in the inclination or height of the panels activate a regulation of the height and / or inclination of the arm (4) until fixing the proper position.
  • a limit switch detects the end of the rail (1) and stops the assembly or activates the movement in the reverse direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)

Abstract

The claimed device is formed by a series of rails parallel to a row of solar panels in a photovoltaic power station, on which rails a movable structure in the form of an inverted L is longitudinally moved, and consists of a profile or pillar that acts as a guide column that moves together with the movable carriage and is joined to another profile in the form of a sweeping arm with adjustable height and inclination so as to adjust to the height and inclination of the photovoltaic panel, and to the particularities of the ground, water and/or cleaning liquid being projected through holes provided for that purpose in the sweeping arm.

Description

LIMPIADOR DE PANELES SOLARES EN HILERA SITUADOS EN CENTRALES FOTOVOLTAICAS, HUERTOS SOLARES E INSTALACIONES EN CUBIERTAS DE MAS DE MIL METROS CLEANER OF SOLAR PANELS IN ROW SITUATED IN PHOTOVOLTAIC CENTERS, SOLAR ORUMS AND FACILITIES IN COVERS OF MORE THAN THOUSAND METERS
CUADRADOS SQUARES
La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento de limpieza de placas fotovoltaicas situadas en filas e instaladas en centrales, huertos solares o en cubiertas de más de mil metros cuadrados que se compone de un carro móvil sobre el que se ubica una L invertida que se desplaza longitudinalmente sobre un rail que recorren toda la hilera de placas solares, aportando agua desmineralizada a presión y/o líquido limpiador hasta conseguir una limpieza de toda la hilera de placas en poco tiempo y de forma automática, evitando la mano de obra lenta que requiere el mantenimiento de las placas.  The present invention relates to a method of cleaning photovoltaic panels located in rows and installed in power plants, solar orchards or on roofs of more than one thousand square meters consisting of a mobile car on which an inverted L is located that moves longitudinally on a rail that travel the entire row of solar panels, providing demineralized water under pressure and / or cleaning liquid until a cleaning of the entire row of plates is achieved in a short time and automatically, avoiding the slow labor required by the plate maintenance.
Según diversos estudios, la suciedad que se acumula sobre los paneles solares es la responsable de pérdidas de producción que pueden variar entre el diez por ciento y el veinticinco por ciento. La pérdida de producción se traduce inmediatamente en menos ingresos por la venta de electricidad a la red o para el consumo. La limpieza de los paneles con mangueras y agua procedente del grifo no es aconsejable, ya que el agua de la red pública contiene cal y otros minerales que al aplicarse sobre los paneles producen incrustaciones que sirven de sujeción a la suciedad.  According to various studies, the dirt that accumulates on solar panels is responsible for production losses that can vary between ten percent and twenty-five percent. The loss of production immediately translates into less revenue from the sale of electricity to the grid or for consumption. The cleaning of the panels with hoses and water from the tap is not advisable, since the water in the public network contains lime and other minerals that when applied to the panels produce scale that serve as a subject to dirt.
La presente invención tiene su campo de aplicación en la industria de las máquinas de lavado automática muy extendidas en la automoción y, dentro de ésta, en la de los limpiadores automáticos para hileras de placas en las centrales fotovoltaicas, huertos solares e instalaciones de más de mil metros cuadrados. The present invention has its field of application in the industry of automatic washing machines widespread in the automotive and, within this, in the one of the automatic cleaners for rows of plates in the photovoltaic plants, solar gardens and installations of more than thousand square meters.
El estado de la técnica aporta algunos modelos de características algo similares, aunque ninguno con las novedades que propone la presente invención.  The state of the art provides some models of somewhat similar characteristics, although none with the novelties proposed by the present invention.
Así se conoce la limpieza manual que los operarios efectúan a mano o por medio de unos cepillos en el extremo de un asta que incluyen en su interior un pequeño motor que efectúa el giro de las celdas. El documento 1062794 describe un equipo de limpieza fijado a los marcos de un solo panel solar compuesto de unos tubos con sus correspondientes boquillas para la aspersión de agua y jabón. El documento 1070127 propone un conjunto limpiador que se desliza vertical u horizontalmente sobre la placa solar y que se une a ésta mediante dispositivos de sujeción en su lateral o por su parte trasera. El documento 2197599 narra unas guías longitudinales instaladas el en exterior de los paneles solares y un grupo motriz que efectúa el movimiento de dichas guías por la superficie del panel solar.  This is how manual cleaning is known that operators carry out by hand or by means of brushes at the end of a pole that include a small motor inside that makes the cells rotate. Document 1062794 describes a cleaning equipment fixed to the frames of a single solar panel composed of tubes with their corresponding nozzles for spraying soap and water. Document 1070127 proposes a cleaning assembly that slides vertically or horizontally on the solar panel and is attached to it by means of fasteners on its side or its back. Document 2197599 describes longitudinal guides installed on the outside of the solar panels and a driving group that makes the movement of said guides across the surface of the solar panel.
Frente a la presente invención estos sistemas conocidos arrojan grandes inconvenientes:  Faced with the present invention, these known systems throw great disadvantages:
- La limpieza manual que los operarios efectúan con o sin cepillo rotatorio son efectuadas por operarios con el consiguiente gasto de mano de obra y pérdida de tiempo pues son lentas deben efectuarse a unas horas concretas. - The manual cleaning that operators carry out with or without a rotating brush are carried out by operators with the consequent cost of labor and loss of The time they are slow should be done at specific times.
El documento 1062794 describe unos tubos que se adosan al marco del panel solar e incluye unos aspersores pero estos aspersores no cubren de agua y productos de limpieza toda la superficie de la placa solar, además tampoco la limpian únicamente la mojan.  Document 1062794 describes tubes that are attached to the frame of the solar panel and includes sprinklers but these sprinklers do not cover the entire surface of the solar panel with water and cleaning products, nor do they clean it only by wetting it.
El documento 1070127 propone un conjunto limpiador para una sola placa solar pero se trata de efectuar un limpiado intentando abarcar el máximo posible de placas, es decir una instalación para toda una central fotovoltaica.  Document 1070127 proposes a cleaning set for a single solar panel but it is a cleaning attempt to cover as many plates as possible, that is, an installation for an entire photovoltaic plant.
El documento 2197599 narra unas guías longitudinales instaladas en el exterior de las placas solares pero su fijación a la placa es inamovible y la placa solar conlleva una serie de movimientos y no se encuentran colocadas en una superficie plana sino que la superficie ostenta vaivenes y éstos, no son controlables, además esta invención seria para placas individuales no instaladas, es decir que seria para la producción en serie de placas nuevas, pero obvia la enorme cantidad de huertos solares y cubiertas ya en funcionamiento, ya que habría que desmontarlas enteras para instalarle una por una este invento, algo inviable económicamente para lo ya montado. Document 2197599 narrates longitudinal guides installed on the outside of the solar panels but its fixation to the plate is immovable and the solar plate involves a series of movements and they are not placed on a flat surface but the surface has swings and these, they are not controllable, in addition this invention would be for individual panels not installed, that is to say, it would be for the serial production of new plates, but obvious the enormous amount of solar orchards already covered in operation, since they would have to be disassembled whole to install one by one this invention, something economically unfeasible for the already assembled.
Frente a estos inconvenientes, el sistema propuesto por la presente invención aporta al estado de la técnica las siguientes ventajas:  Faced with these drawbacks, the system proposed by the present invention provides the following advantages to the state of the art:
- La limpieza es automática. No la efectúa ningún operario por lo que se ahorra mano de obra y tiempo de realización de la propia limpieza.  - Cleaning is automatic. It is not carried out by any operator, thus saving labor and the time required for cleaning itself.
- Tanto el agua como los detergentes o limpiadores que se usen se distribuyen en su caída por todo el panel. - Both the water and the detergents or cleaners used are distributed in its fall throughout the panel.
Se consigue limpiar una central fotovoltaica entera debido a que los pórticos se desplazan por toda la hilera de placas y no placa por placa. It is possible to clean an entire photovoltaic plant because the porches move throughout the row of plates and not plate by plate.
- Todo el conjunto, mediante sensores en altura se acopla a la postura que tengan las placas y al movimiento que puedan ejercer encontrándose también previsto debido también a los sensores en altura que las placas solares no se encuentren instaladas en un terreno llano sino que la superficie donde descansan las placas sea irregular y accidentada. Todos estos elementos conjugados dan lugar a un resultado final en el que se aportan características diferenciadoras significativas frente al estado de la técnica actual. Así, la presente invención se constituye a partir de un rail que discurre paralelo a una hilera de paneles solares instalados de esta forma en una central fotovoltaica. Así, por dicho raíl, se desplaza longitudinalmente una estructura móvil en forma de L invertida. La estructura en forma de L invertida consiste en un perfil o pilar a modo de columna guía que se desplaza con el carro móvil al que se une otro perfil en forma de brazo de barrido, provisto de altura e inclinación ajustable para adaptarse a la altura e inclinación del panel fotovoltaico, así como las propias singularidades del terreno. - The whole set, by means of height sensors, is coupled to the position of the plates and to the movement they can exercise while also being provided due to the height sensors that the solar panels are not installed on a flat ground but that the surface where the plates rest be irregular and rugged. All these conjugated elements give rise to a final result in which significant differentiating characteristics are provided compared to the current state of the art. Thus, the present invention is constituted from a rail that runs parallel to a row of solar panels installed in this way in a photovoltaic plant. Thus, along said rail, an inverted L-shaped mobile structure is longitudinally displaced. The inverted L-shaped structure consists of a profile or pillar as a guide column that moves with the mobile car to which another profile in the form of a sweeping arm is attached, provided with adjustable height and inclination to adapt to the height and inclination of the photovoltaic panel, as well as the terrain's own singularities.
Sensores ópticos de tipo barrera controlan el moviendo vertical y el propio ángulo del referido brazo desde el que se proyecta agua y líquido limpiador mediante los orificos inferiores de los perfiles.  Barrier type optical sensors control the vertical movement and the angle of the said arm from which water and cleaning liquid is projected through the lower holes of the profiles.
Un motor acciona el movimiento del conjunto sobre su rail, mientras que la bomba impulsa el agua y líquido limpiador del depósito. El motor incorpora un sensor de fin de carrera que a su vez activa el movimiento inverso de ambos. Por último, un segundo motor acciona el movimiento del referido brazo en altura o inclinación incluyendo un sensor de altura que permita mantener una distancia constante al panel fotovoltaico con independencia del propio terreno que además corta la salida del agua en el momento en que el sensor no detecte ningún objeto, es decir cuando se traslade de una placa a otra movilizándose por un espacio libre de placas. A motor drives the movement of the assembly on its rail, while the pump drives the water and cleaning liquid from the tank. The engine incorporates a limit switch sensor which in turn activates the reverse movement of both. Finally, a second motor drives the movement of the referred arm in height or inclination including a height sensor that allows to maintain a constant distance to the photovoltaic panel with independence of the land itself that also cuts off the water at the moment the sensor does not detect any object, that is, when it is moved from one plate to another moving through a plate-free space.
El funcionamiento comienza cuando es activado el motor que activa el movimiento sobre su rail del carro móvil sobre el que se fija la estructura en forma de L invertida, hasta llevar a cabo un barrido completo de la hilera desde el primer panel que lo conforma hasta el último haciendo uso de un brazo desde el que se lanza el líquido de limpieza que mantiene una inclinación idéntica a la de la superficie del panel sobre el que actúa. A través de los orificios efectuados en el perfil que hace de brazo, éstos expanden agua y líquido. Los sensores en altura, al detectar alguna desigualdad en la superficie de alguno de los paneles que encuentra a su paso hacen aumentar o reducir la altura del brazo manteniendo la inclinación. Un sensor detecta el final del raíl y detiene o moviliza en sentido inverso el movimiento del carro. The operation begins when the motor that activates the movement on its rail of the mobile car is activated on which the inverted L-shaped structure is fixed, until a complete sweep of the row is carried out from the first panel that conforms it to the the latter using an arm from which the cleaning liquid is released that maintains an inclination identical to that of the surface of the panel on which it acts. Through the holes made in the arm profile, they expand water and liquid. The height sensors, by detecting some unevenness in the surface of any of the panels that are in its path, increase or reduce the height of the arm while maintaining the inclination. A sensor detects the end of the rail and stops or mobilizes the carriage movement in reverse.
Para una mejor comprensión de esta memoria descriptiva, se acompaña de un dibujo a modo de ejemplo no limitativo, describe una realización preferida de la invención: For a better understanding of this specification, it is accompanied by a non-limiting example drawing, describes a preferred embodiment of the invention:
Figura 1 .- Vista en perspectiva principal del Limpiador de Paneles Figure 1 .- Main perspective view of the Panel Cleaner
Fotovoltaicos propuesto. Figura 2.- Vista en planta de distribución de cuadro Limpiadores objeto de invención sobre una instalación fotovoltaica. Photovoltaic proposed. Figure 2.- View of the distribution panel of cleaners object of invention on a photovoltaic installation.
En dicha figura se destacan los siguientes elementos numerados: This figure highlights the following numbered elements:
1 . Raíl.  one . Rail.
2. Paneles solares  2. Solar panels
3. Pilar provisto de movimiento sobre rail longitudinal 3. Pillar provided with longitudinal rail movement
4. Brazo inclinado provisto de regulación en altura e inclinación. 4. Inclined arm with height and tilt adjustment.
5. Sensores ópticos.  5. Optical sensors.
6. Orificios de salida de agua  6. Water outlets
7. Carro móvil en el que se ubican motores, bombas, consumibles de limpieza, filtros etc.  7. Mobile car in which motors, pumps, cleaning supplies, filters etc. are located.
A la vista de las figuras, una realización preferida de la invención propuesta se constituye a partir de unos raíles (1 ) dispuestos paralelos entre si y paralelos a las hileras de paneles solares (2) instalados de esta forma en una central fotovoltaica. Por cada uno de los referidos railes se desplaza longitudinalmente el correspondiente pilar (3) que a su vez incorpora el correspondiente brazo inclinado (4) provisto de regulación en altura e inclinación para mantener una distancia constante al correspondiente panel sobre el que se realiza la limpieza.  In view of the figures, a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention is constituted from rails (1) arranged parallel to each other and parallel to the rows of solar panels (2) installed in this way in a photovoltaic plant. For each of the rails referred to, the corresponding pillar (3) is moved longitudinally, which in turn incorporates the corresponding inclined arm (4) provided with height and inclination adjustment to maintain a constant distance to the corresponding panel on which the cleaning is carried out. .
Sensores ópticos (5) de tipo barrera controlan el moviendo del brazo inclinado. El referido brazo inclinado (4) expulsa agua y líquido limpiador mediante los orificos inferiores (6). Un motor acciona el movimiento del pilar (3) sobre los raíles (1 ). Una bomba impulsa el líquido limpiador y/o agua desde un depósito o la propia red en el caso de disponer de ella a pie de instalación para lo cual se dispondrá de un sistema simple de filtrado. Barrier-type optical sensors (5) control the movement of the inclined arm. Said inclined arm (4) expels water and cleaning liquid through the lower holes (6). A motor drives the movement of the pillar (3) on the rails (1). A pump drives the cleaning liquid and / or water from a tank or the network itself if it is available at the foot of the installation, for which a simple filtering system will be available.
El motor del movimiento longitudinal incorpora un sensor de fin de carrera que a su vez activa el movimiento inverso del conjunto una vez este ha realizado la limpieza hasta el final del recorrido. Un segundo motor acciona el movimiento en altura e inclinación del brazo (4) a partir de la información captada por los sensores ópticos (5) llegando incluso a cortar el paso de agua sobre los correspondientes orificios (6) en el momento en que el sensor (5) no detecte ningún objeto, es decir cuando se traslade de una placa a otra movilizándose por un espacio libre de placas. The longitudinal movement motor incorporates an end-of-stroke sensor that in turn activates the inverse movement of the assembly once it has been cleaned until the end of the course. A second motor drives the movement in height and inclination of the arm (4) from the information captured by the optical sensors (5), even cutting the passage of water over the corresponding holes (6) at the moment when the sensor (5) Do not detect any object, that is, when moving from one plate to another moving through a plate-free space.
El funcionamiento comienza cuando activado el motor principal que activa el movimiento del pilar (3) sobre su correspondiente rail (1 ), mientras que el motor secundario a través de los sensores (5) posiciona el brazo a la distancia adecuada y activa el funcionamiento de la limpieza poniendo en marcha el circuito que se proyecta a través de los orificios (6). Operation begins when the main motor that activates the movement of the abutment (3) on its corresponding rail (1) is activated, while the secondary motor through the sensors (5) positions the arm at the appropriate distance and activates the operation of cleaning by starting the circuit that is projected through the holes (6).
Así, los sensores en altura (5), al detectar alguna desigualdad en la superficie o algún cambio en la inclinación o altura de los paneles activan una regulación de la altura y/o inclinación del brazo (4) hasta fijar la posición adecuada. Un sensor de final de carrera detecta el final del raíl (1 ) y para el conjunto o activa el movimiento en sentido inverso. Thus, the sensors in height (5), when detecting any unevenness in the surface or any change in the inclination or height of the panels activate a regulation of the height and / or inclination of the arm (4) until fixing the proper position. A limit switch detects the end of the rail (1) and stops the assembly or activates the movement in the reverse direction.
No se considera necesario hacer más extensa esta descripción para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda el alcance de la invención y las ventajas que de la misma se derivan. Los elementos o materiales empleados, técnicas de unión, dimensiones o configuración geométrica, serán susceptibles de variación siempre y cuando ello no suponga una alteración en la esencialidad del invento. It is not considered necessary to make this description more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands the scope of the invention and the advantages derived therefrom. The elements or materials used, joining techniques, dimensions or geometric configuration, will be subject to variation as long as this does not imply an alteration in the essentiality of the invention.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1 .- Limpiador de paneles solares en hilera situados en centrales fotovoltaicas, huertos solares e instalaciones en cubiertas de más de mil metros cuadrados, caracterizado por conformarse según un conjunto de railes dispuestos paralelos a una hilera de paneles solares instalados de esta forma en una central fotovoltaica por cada uno de los cuales se desplaza longitudinalmente una estructura móvil en forma de L invertida consistente en un perfil o pilar a modo de columna guía que se desplaza con el carro móvil al que se une otro perfil en forma de brazo de barrido provisto de altura e inclinación ajustable para adaptarse a la altura e inclinación del panel fotovoltaico, así como las propias singularidades del terreno y desde el que se proyecta agua y/o líquido limpiador a través de los orificios practicados a tal efecto. 1 .- Cleaner of solar panels in a row located in photovoltaic plants, orchards and roof installations of more than one thousand square meters, characterized by being formed according to a set of rails arranged parallel to a row of solar panels installed in this way in a plant photovoltaic for each of which an inverted L-shaped mobile structure is longitudinally displaced consisting of a profile or pillar as a guide column that moves with the mobile car to which another profile in the form of a sweeping arm is provided provided with height and inclination adjustable to adapt to the height and inclination of the photovoltaic panel, as well as the terrain's own singularities and from which water and / or cleaning liquid is projected through the holes made for this purpose.
2.- Limpiador de paneles solares en hilera situados en centrales fotovoltaicas, huertos solares e instalaciones en cubiertas de más de mil metros cuadrados, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado por su brazo de barrido provisto de sensores ópticos que regulan de forma automática la altura e inclinación del brazo para asegurar que la proyección del agua se realiza desde la distancia adecuada. 2.- Cleaner of solar panels in a row located in photovoltaic plants, solar farms and roof installations of more than one thousand square meters, according to claim 1, characterized by its scanning arm provided with optical sensors that automatically regulate the height and inclination of the arm to ensure that the projection of the water is carried out from the appropriate distance.
PCT/ES2014/070457 2014-03-20 2014-06-04 Device for cleaning rows of solar panels in photovoltaic power stations, solar farms and installations on roofs of more than thousand square metres WO2015140363A1 (en)

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ESP201430386 2014-03-20
ES201430386A ES2548790B1 (en) 2014-03-20 2014-03-20 CLEANER OF SOLAR PANELS IN ROW SITUATED IN PHOTOVOLTAIC CENTERS, SOLAR ORUMS AND FACILITIES IN DECKS OF MORE THAN THOUSAND SQUARE METERS

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CN107222164A (en) * 2017-05-17 2017-09-29 苏州富锐联自动化设备有限公司 High controlization high-intelligentization solar photovoltaic assembly O＆M method
CN106992753A (en) * 2017-05-17 2017-07-28 苏州富锐联自动化设备有限公司 High-intelligentization solar photovoltaic assembly O＆M method
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CN107222164B (en) * 2017-05-17 2019-09-13 苏州富锐联自动化设备有限公司 High controlization high-intelligentization solar photovoltaic assembly O&M method
CN109382346A (en) * 2018-09-10 2019-02-26 山西大学 Solar panel is intelligently attracted deposit the control method of system
CN109382346B (en) * 2018-09-10 2022-03-18 山西大学 Control method of intelligent absorbing and storing system of solar cell panel
CN110350862A (en) * 2019-08-19 2019-10-18 中民新能投资集团有限公司 For flat single-shaft tracking system across the clean track of row, cleaning systems and method
CN111313831A (en) * 2020-02-26 2020-06-19 山东科技大学 Photovoltaic power plant monitoring and maintaining equipment
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US11833677B2 (en) 2022-04-20 2023-12-05 Inventus Holdings Llc Semi-autonomous exoskeleton apparatus for solar panel installation

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