WO2015131794A1 - 磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路 - Google Patents
磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015131794A1 WO2015131794A1 PCT/CN2015/073545 CN2015073545W WO2015131794A1 WO 2015131794 A1 WO2015131794 A1 WO 2015131794A1 CN 2015073545 W CN2015073545 W CN 2015073545W WO 2015131794 A1 WO2015131794 A1 WO 2015131794A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B40/00—Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of power electronics, and in particular to a receiving circuit in a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission system.
- the wired power supply needs to connect the electrical equipment and the power supply device with wires to supply power. Even for short-distance power transmission, wires and cables are needed to supply power. In some cases, wired power is not particularly convenient. If the power supply device can be wirelessly powered, so that the power device is separated from the power source, the power supply of the power device becomes very convenient.
- Wireless energy transfer technology is a process of transferring electrical energy from the power transmitting end to the load without the need for conventional wires.
- domestic and foreign research is mainly on magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission technology to supply power to electrical equipment.
- the utilization efficiency of electrical energy is a very important parameter.
- a wireless energy transmission and reception circuit in the prior art, which is composed of a resonance circuit 7, a full bridge rectifier circuit 8, an LC filter circuit 9, and a diode D10, wherein the resonance circuit 7 is composed of an inductor L6, a capacitor C11 and a capacitor C10.
- the full bridge rectifier circuit 8 is composed of four diodes D6-D9, and the LC filter circuit 9 is composed of an inductor L7 and a capacitor C12.
- the resonance circuit 7, the full bridge rectifier circuit 8 and the LC filter circuit 9 in Fig. 1 are respectively existing. The technology is known and will not be specifically described herein.
- the resonant transmitting circuit (not shown in FIG.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit that solves the above technical problems, including:
- a resonant circuit including a resonant coil and a resonant capacitor
- the input end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to both ends of the resonant capacitor
- a storage capacitor the two ends of the storage capacitor are electrically connected to an output end of the rectifier circuit
- a DC-DC converter having an input terminal electrically coupled to both ends of the storage capacitor, the output of the DC-DC converter being electrically coupled to a rechargeable battery.
- the DC-DC converter is a boost boost circuit.
- the boost boosting circuit comprises an inductor, a diode and a MOSFET, and one end of the inductor is electrically connected to one end of the storage capacitor, and the other end of the inductor is connected to an anode of the diode.
- the drain of the MOSFET is electrically connected, the source of the MOSFET is electrically connected to the other end of the storage capacitor, the cathode of the diode and the MOSFET are half-effect
- the source of the transistor is the output of the boost boost circuit.
- the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit further includes a filter capacitor and a first switch, the filter capacitor and the first switch being connected in series with a drain of the MOSFET and The source of the MOS field effect transistor is electrically connected.
- the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transfer receiving circuit further includes a second switch in parallel with the diodes in the boost boost circuit.
- the rectifier circuit is a full bridge rectifier circuit.
- the load is a rechargeable battery.
- the present invention also provides a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission circuit comprising a resonant transmitting circuit and a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmitting receiving circuit, the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmitting receiving circuit comprising: a resonant circuit, the resonant The circuit includes a resonant coil and a resonant capacitor; a rectifier circuit, an input end of the rectifier circuit is electrically connected to an output end of the resonant circuit; and a storage capacitor, two ends of the storage capacitor are electrically connected to an output of the rectifier circuit a boost boost circuit, the boost boost circuit includes an inductor, a diode, and a MOSFET, one end of the inductor is electrically connected to one end of the storage capacitor, and the other end of the inductor is An anode of the diode is electrically connected to a drain of the MOSFET, and a source of the MOSFET is electrically connected to another end of the storage capacitor, a ca
- the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit further includes a filter capacitor and a first switch, the filter capacitor and the first switch are connected in series with the drain of the MOSFET and the gold oxide The source of the half field effect transistor is electrically connected.
- the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit further includes a second switch, and the second switch and the diode in the boost boosting circuit are connected in parallel.
- the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission circuit further includes: a main control device, including a main CPU, a main transceiver module, and a first driving module; and a slave control device, including a slave CPU, a slave transceiver module, and a second driver module; and charging detection a module, configured to measure a state of charge of the rechargeable battery, and output charging state data of the rechargeable battery to the slave CPU; a voltage detecting module, configured to measure a voltage value of the storage capacitor and store a storage capacitor And outputting the voltage value to the slave CPU; wherein the slave CPU is configured to send, by the slave transceiver module and the master transceiver module, the charge state data and the voltage value of the storage capacitor to the main CPU, The main CPU is configured to control the semiconductor switch to perform pulse frequency modulation operation according to the charging state data and the voltage value of the storage capacitor by using the first driving module, and the slave CPU is configured to use the charging state data and the energy storage according to the charging state data.
- the voltage value of the capacitor controls the metal oxide half field effect transistor to be turned off by the second driving module and controls the first switch and the second switch to be in an on state or disconnected at the same time
- the slave CPU is configured to send the voltage values of the charging state data and the storage capacitor to the main CPU through the slave transceiver module and the master transceiver module
- the master CPU is configured to be used according to the charging state
- the voltage value of the data and the storage capacitor is controlled to be turned off by the first driving module
- the slave CPU is configured to control the second driving module according to the charging state data and the voltage value of the storage capacitor
- the MOS field effect transistor operates with pulse width modulation and controls the first switch and the second switch to be in an off state at the same time.
- the present invention also provides a control method of a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission circuit, comprising the steps of: (a) when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is less than a predetermined first threshold voltage, the resonant transmission circuit is modulated with a pulse frequency Working, the MOS field effect transistor is in an off state; (b) when the voltage of the rechargeable battery is greater than a predetermined first threshold voltage, the resonant transmitting circuit operates intermittently, wherein the voltage at the storage capacitor When the value is greater than the predetermined second threshold voltage, the resonant transmitting circuit is in an off state, and the golden oxide half field effect transistor operates in pulse width modulation, and the storage capacitor is charged by the boost boosting circuit The battery is charged; when the voltage value of the storage capacitor is less than a predetermined second threshold voltage, the resonant transmitting circuit operates with a pulse frequency modulation, and the resonant transmitting circuit pairs the storage capacitor through the resonant circuit and the rectifying circuit Charging is performed, and the MOS field effect
- the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit further includes a filter capacitor and a first switch
- the filter capacitor and the first switch are connected in series with the drain of the MOSFET and the MOS
- the method further includes: causing the first switch to be in an on state; and in the step (b), further comprising causing the first switch to be in Disconnected state.
- the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit further includes a second switch, and when the second switch and the diode in the boost boosting circuit are connected in parallel, in the step (a), further comprising The second switch is in an on state; and in the step (b), further comprising causing the second switch to be in an off state.
- the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit of the present invention can charge or power a rechargeable battery through the electrical energy on the storage capacitor when the voltage of the rechargeable battery reaches a predetermined threshold voltage or the power required by the load decreases.
- the utilization of electric energy is increased, and the heat loss of electronic components is reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a prior art magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit shown in FIG. 2.
- Fig. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram at time t 0 - t 1 in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram at time t 2 - t 3 in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram at time t 3 - t 4 in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 7 is a graph showing the charging efficiency of the rechargeable battery in the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit shown in Fig. 2 and the receiving circuit shown in Fig. 1, respectively.
- Figure 8 is a circuit diagram of a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 10 is a circuit diagram of a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transfer circuit in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit includes a resonant circuit 1, a full bridge rectifier circuit 2, a boost boost circuit 3, a storage capacitor C2, a capacitor C3, and a first switch S.
- the resonant circuit 1 includes a resonant inductor L1, a resonant capacitor C4, and a resonant capacitor C1.
- the resonant inductor L1, the resonant capacitor C4, and the resonant capacitor C1 are sequentially connected in series, that is, one end of the resonant inductor L1 and one end of the resonant capacitor C1 are electrically connected, and the resonant capacitor The other end of C1 is electrically connected to one end of the resonant capacitor C4, and the other end of the resonant capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the other end of the resonant inductor L1.
- both ends of the resonant capacitor C1 serve as the output end of the resonant circuit 1.
- the full bridge rectifier circuit 2 includes four diodes D1-D4, the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the cathode of the diode D4, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D3, and the anode of the diode D2 is connected.
- the boost boost circuit 3 includes an inductor L2, a diode D5, and a MOS field effect transistor Q1.
- One end of the inductor L2 is simultaneously connected to the anode of the diode D5 and the drain of the MOSFET Q1, and the other end of the inductor L2 is connected to the diode.
- the cathode of D3 is connected, and the source of the MOSFET Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D4.
- the one end of the inductor L2 connected to the cathode of the diode D3 and the source of the MOSFET half-effect transistor Q1 serve as the input end of the boost boost circuit 3, and the cathode of the diode D5 and the source of the MOSFET Q1 are boosted.
- the capacitor C3 and the first switch S are connected in series to be connected to the drain of the MOSFET and the source of the MOSFET Q1.
- the positive electrode of the rechargeable battery B is connected to the cathode of the diode D5, and the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery B is connected to the source of the MOS field-effect transistor Q1 and grounded.
- FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit shown in FIG. 2.
- the resonant transmitting circuit operates in a pulse frequency modulation (PFM) mode, and the gate voltage of the gold-oxygen half field effect transistor Q1 is a low level.
- PFM pulse frequency modulation
- the effect transistor Q1 remains off, the first switch S is in an on state, the current of the rechargeable battery B remains substantially unchanged, and the voltage of the rechargeable battery B continues to rise, that is, the rechargeable battery B is in the constant current charging mode.
- the specific equivalent circuit is as shown in FIG. 4, the first switch S remains turned on, and the MOSFET half-effect transistor Q1 remains turned off. Therefore, FIG.
- the resonant transmitting coil (not shown in FIG. 4) in the resonant transmitting circuit generates the same resonant current as the resonant transmitting frequency, and the resonant current in the resonant transmitting coil generates an alternating magnetic field, by setting the resonant inductor L1 and the resonant capacitors C1, C4
- the resonant receiving frequency is the same as the resonant transmitting frequency.
- the electromagnetic coupling When the resonant transmitting circuit and the resonant circuit 1 are separated by a certain distance, the electromagnetic coupling generates resonance and energy is transmitted.
- the input terminal of the full bridge rectifier circuit 2 is connected to both ends of the resonance capacitor C1, and the full bridge rectifier circuit 2 rectifies the electromotive force on the resonance capacitor C1.
- DC power After the pulsating direct current rectified by the full bridge rectifier circuit 2 passes through the ⁇ -type filter, DC power is obtained on the capacitor C3, and a certain amount of electric energy is also stored on the storage capacitor C2.
- the rechargeable battery B is charged because one end of the capacitor C3 connected to the anode of the diode D5 is positively charged.
- the rechargeable battery B is placed in a constant current charging mode when the rechargeable battery B is initially charged or when the voltage of the rechargeable battery B is lower than a predetermined threshold voltage, wherein the threshold voltage may be a percentage of the rated voltage of the rechargeable battery B The value, for example, the threshold voltage may be 90% of the rated voltage of the rechargeable battery B.
- the resonant transmitting circuit is in an off state, and passes through a pulse width modulation controller (not shown in FIG. 2).
- a pulse width modulation signal is applied to the gate of the MOSFET half-effect transistor Q1, and the first switch S is in an off state.
- the specific equivalent circuit is shown in FIG. 5. At this time, the resonance circuit 1 and the full bridge rectifier circuit 2 do not operate, and thus are not shown in FIG.
- the boost boost circuit 3 is a DC-DC converter that performs pulse width modulation on the gold-oxygen half field effect transistor Q1, so that the output voltage is higher than the input voltage, and since the storage capacitor C2 stores a certain amount of electric energy, The boost boosting circuit 3 converts the direct current on the storage capacitor C2 into a higher-voltage direct current and outputs it, thereby continuing to charge the rechargeable battery B.
- the voltage of the rechargeable battery B remains substantially unchanged, and the current in the rechargeable battery B gradually decreases, that is, the rechargeable battery B is in the constant voltage charging mode. In the constant voltage charging mode, only the electric energy on the storage capacitor C2 is needed to further charge the rechargeable battery B, which can save power, improve the charging efficiency, and also reduce the overcharging of the rechargeable battery B. harm.
- the resonant transmission circuit operates in the PFM mode, and the golden oxide half field effect transistor Q1 remains off, the first switch S cutoff, the specific equivalent circuit diagram shown in Figure 6.
- the storage capacitor C2 is charged by the circuit shown in FIG.
- the resonant transmitting circuit is in an off state, and a pulse width modulation signal is applied to the gate of the gold-oxygen half field effect transistor Q1 through the pulse width modulation controller, while the first switch S is in an off state, specifically
- the equivalent circuit is the same as that of FIG. 5, and the rechargeable battery B is continuously charged by the electric energy on the storage capacitor C2.
- the time t 0 -t 1 the rechargeable battery B is constant-current charging mode
- the time t 2 -t 5 rechargeable battery B is in the constant voltage charging mode.
- the resonant transmitting circuit is intermittently operated, that is, when the resonant transmitting circuit is not operating, the storage capacitor C2 charges the rechargeable battery B, and when the resonant transmitting circuit operates in the PFM mode, the storage is performed.
- the capacitor C2 can be charged, so the storage capacitor C2 is also alternately discharged and charged.
- the time period of t 1 -t 2 is short and can be ignored.
- the resonant transmitting circuit in a predetermined period of time after the time t 2 , the resonant transmitting circuit may be turned on, and the golden oxide half field effect transistor Q1 is turned off, and the first switch S is turned off. . Thereafter, the same work magnetically coupled wireless resonant energy transfer circuit and an embodiment of the present embodiment works in t 2 -t 5 times.
- the storage capacitor C2 with a large energy storage capacity may be selected.
- the storage capacitor C2 In the constant voltage charging mode of the rechargeable battery B, the storage capacitor C2 has sufficient electric energy to charge the rechargeable battery B. Thereby, the resonant transmitting circuit reduces the turn-on frequency of the resonant transmitting circuit in the constant voltage charging mode.
- Fig. 7 is a graph showing the charging efficiency of the rechargeable battery in the magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit shown in Fig. 2 and the receiving circuit shown in Fig. 1, respectively.
- curve 1 is a graph showing the charging efficiency of the receiving circuit shown in FIG. 1 for the rechargeable battery
- curve 2 is a graph showing the charging efficiency of the receiving circuit for the rechargeable battery shown in FIG. 2.
- curve 1 and curve 2 are substantially equal, indicating that the charging efficiency is substantially equal in the constant current charging mode.
- the receiving circuit of FIG. 2 of the present invention has higher charging efficiency for the rechargeable battery than the receiving circuit of FIG. 1 for charging the rechargeable battery.
- FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram of a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. It is basically the same as FIG. 2, except that a second switch S2 is connected in parallel at both ends of the diode D5.
- the second switch S2 In the constant current charging mode of the rechargeable battery B, the second switch S2 is turned on, so that the diode D5 is short-circuited and filtered.
- the direct current obtained on the capacitor C3 directly charges the rechargeable battery B, thereby avoiding the loss of electric energy by the diode D5 in the constant current charging mode.
- the second switch S2 In the constant voltage charging mode of the rechargeable battery B, the second switch S2 is always turned off, and the direct current on the storage capacitor C2 passes through the boost boosting circuit 3 to charge the rechargeable battery B.
- Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transmission receiving circuit in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention. It is basically the same as FIG. 2 except that the resonant circuit 4 is an LC resonant circuit composed of a resonant inductor L5 and a resonant capacitor C9, and both ends of the resonant capacitor C9 are output terminals of the resonant circuit 4.
- the resonant circuit 4 is an LC resonant circuit composed of a resonant inductor L5 and a resonant capacitor C9, and both ends of the resonant capacitor C9 are output terminals of the resonant circuit 4.
- the boost boosting circuit 3 causes the voltage at the output terminal to be higher than the voltage across the storage capacitor C2 and also higher than the voltage across the rechargeable battery B, thereby continuing to charge the rechargeable battery B.
- a relay switch may be connected in parallel across the diode D5.
- a half bridge rectifier circuit may be employed instead of the full bridge rectifier circuit 2 of the above embodiment.
- the DC-DC converter in the present invention is not limited to the boost boost circuit 3, and any other DC-DC converter that boosts the voltage across the storage capacitor may be employed.
- a semiconductor switching element may be used instead of the MOS field-effect transistor Q1 in the embodiment.
- the MOSFET may be replaced by an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT).
- IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
- the storage capacitor C2 in the present invention may be a single capacitor, or may be a capacitor group formed by a plurality of capacitors in parallel, thereby increasing the energy storage of the electrical energy.
- the invention is also applicable to a load with a large change in power required, for example, when the power required by the load is large, the load is supplied in a constant current charging mode, when the load is required. When the power is small, the power of the storage capacitor C2 is used to supply power to the load, thereby improving the utilization of the power.
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of a magnetically coupled resonant wireless energy transfer circuit in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the magnetic coupling resonant type wireless energy transmission receiving circuit shown in FIG. 8 is further included, and further includes a resonance transmitting circuit 5, a main control device 12, a slave control device 16, a voltage detecting module 8, and a charge detecting module 7.
- the resonant switch circuit 5 includes a semiconductor switch 6. It is known to those skilled in the art that other circuit configurations of the resonant transmit circuit 5 are well known, and the specific circuit configuration thereof will not be described in detail herein.
- the charging detection module 7 is configured to detect the state of charge of the rechargeable battery B to determine the charging condition of the rechargeable battery B.
- the voltage of the rechargeable battery B can be detected, or the voltage of the rechargeable battery B and the charging current can be simultaneously detected.
- the voltage detecting module 8 is configured to detect a voltage value across the storage capacitor C2.
- the slave control device 16 includes a slave CPU 13, a slave transceiver module 14, and a second driver module 15.
- the main control device 12 includes a main CPU 9, a main The transceiver module 10 and the first driving module 11.
- the charge detecting module 7 outputs the charging state data of the rechargeable battery B to the slave CPU 13, and the voltage detecting module 8 outputs the voltage value of the storage capacitor C2 to the slave CPU 13, and the slave state 13 stores the state of charge data and the storage capacitor.
- the voltage value of C2 is transmitted from the transceiver module 14 and the main transceiver module 10 to the main CPU 9, and the main CPU 9 controls the operation state of the semiconductor switch 6 via the first drive module 11 based on the charge state data and the voltage value of the storage capacitor C2.
- the slave CPU 13 controls the operating states of the first switch S, the second switch S2, and the MOSFET Q1 via the second drive module 15 based on the charge state data and the voltage value of the storage capacitor C2.
- the control mode of the main control device 12 and the slave control device 16 will be exemplified.
- the charge detection module 7 detects the voltage and the charging current of the rechargeable battery B.
- the charge detection module 7 outputs the current voltage value and the charging current value of the rechargeable battery B.
- the voltage detecting module 8 detects the voltage across the storage capacitor C2, and outputs the voltage value across the storage capacitor C2 to the slave CPU 13, from the CPU 13 through the slave transceiver module 14 and the master transceiver module 10. Data transmission is performed, and the voltage value and the charging current value of the rechargeable battery B and the voltage value of the storage capacitor C2 are transmitted to the main CPU 9.
- the main CPU 9 When the voltage of the rechargeable battery B is lower than a predetermined threshold voltage and the voltage value on the storage capacitor C2 is higher than a predetermined other threshold voltage, the main CPU 9 outputs a PFM signal to the first driving module 11, thereby The first driving module 11 controls the semiconductor switch 6 to operate in a PFM mode. Simultaneously, the CPU 13 controls the gold-oxide half field effect transistor Q1 to be in an off state through the second driving module 15, and controls the first switch S and the second switch S2 to be in an on state at the same time, and the resonant transmitting circuit 5 pairs the rechargeable battery B at this time. Perform constant current charging.
- the main CPU 9 When the voltage of the rechargeable battery B is greater than or increased to a predetermined threshold voltage, the main CPU 9 outputs a driving signal to the first driving module 11 to control the semiconductor switch 6 to be in an off state, and is controlled from the CPU 13 through the second driving module 15.
- the gold-oxygen half field effect transistor Q1 operates in a PWM mode, and controls the first switch S and the second switch S2 to be simultaneously turned off.
- the storage capacitor C2 is discharged and is formed by the inductor L2, the diode D5, and the gold-oxygen half field effect transistor Q1.
- the boost circuit performs constant voltage charging on the rechargeable battery B.
- the main CPU 9 When the voltage of the rechargeable battery B is greater than or increased to a predetermined threshold voltage and the voltage value on the storage capacitor C2 is lower than a predetermined other threshold voltage, the main CPU 9 outputs a PFM signal to the first driving module 11, thereby The first driving module 11 is caused to control the semiconductor switch 6 to operate in the PFM mode. Simultaneously, the CPU 13 controls the gold-oxide half field effect transistor Q1 to be in an off state through the second driving module 15, and controls the first switch S and the second switch S2 to be in an off state at the same time, at which time the resonant transmitting circuit 5 passes through the resonant circuit 1 and The full bridge rectifier circuit 2 charges the storage capacitor C2. Therefore, when the voltage of the rechargeable battery B is greater than or increases to a predetermined threshold During the pressing, the resonant transmitting circuit 5 is in an intermittent operation, and the storage capacitor C2 is in an alternating working state of charging and discharging.
- the main CPU 9 may send a control command to the slave CPU 13 through the master transceiver module 10 and the slave transceiver module 14, and the slave CPU 13 controls the first switch S through the second driver module 15 according to the control command.
- the working states of the first switch S, the second switch S2, and the MOSFET Q1 are the same as those described above, and are not described herein again.
- the rechargeable battery B is subjected to constant voltage charging or constant current charging by the voltage value across the rechargeable battery B. It is known to those skilled in the art that the main CPU 9 can be charged according to the charging current value of the rechargeable battery B. Battery B is subjected to constant current charging or constant voltage charging. Of course, the main CPU 9 can also perform constant current charging or constant voltage charging on the rechargeable battery B according to the voltage value of the rechargeable battery B and the charging current value.
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Abstract
一种磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路,包括:谐振电路(1),所述谐振电路(1)包括谐振线圈(L1)和谐振电容(C1,C4);整流电路(2),所述整流电路(2)的输入端电连接至所述谐振电容(C1)的两端;储能电容(C2),所述储能电容(C2)的两端电连接至所述整流电路(2)的输出端;DC-DC变换器(3),所述DC-DC变换器(3)的输入端电连接至所述储能电容(C2)的两端,所述DC-DC变换器(3)的输出端电连接至可充电电池(B)。磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路能够节省电能,充电效率高。
Description
本发明涉及电力电子领域,具体涉及一种磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输***中的接收电路。
传统的用电设备大多采用有线供电方式,有线供电需要将用电设备和供电装置采用导线连接后才能进行供电,即使是短距离的电力传输,也需要电线电缆来供电。在某些情况下,有线供电并不是特别方便。如果能够对用电设备无线供电,使得用电设备和电源分离,用电设备的供电将变得非常便利。
无线能量传输技术是将电能从电能发射端传输到负载的一个过程,这个过程不需要传统的电线完成。目前,国内外主要在研究磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输技术对用电设备进行供电。在磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输技术中,尤其是在对可充电电池进行充电的过程中,电能的利用效率是非常重要的参数。
图1是现有技术中的一种无线能量传输接收电路,由谐振电路7、全桥整流电路8、LC滤波电路9、二极管D10组成,其中谐振电路7由电感L6、电容C11和电容C10构成,全桥整流电路8由四个二极管D6-D9组成,LC滤波电路9由电感L7和电容C12组成,图1中的谐振电路7、全桥整流电路8和LC滤波电路9分别都是现有技术已知的,在此不做具体说明。现有技术的无线能量传输接收电路在对可充电电池B进行充电过程中,谐振发射电路(图1未示出)产生交变磁场,使得谐振电路7中的电感L6具有交变磁场,从而在电容C11两端产生电动势,经过全桥整流电路8整流后输出至LC滤波电路9,经过滤波后在电容C12两端得到直流电,最后通过二极管D10对可充电电池B进行充电,随着充电时间和可充电电池B储能的增加,电能的传输效率越来越低,在对可充电电池B充电的后期会有大量的电能以热能的形式损失,电能的利用率降低,同时导致接收电路中的元器件的温度上升,对接收电路中的电子元器件容易造成损坏。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明的一个实施例提供了解决上述技术问题的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路,包括:
谐振电路,所述谐振电路包括谐振线圈和谐振电容;
整流电路,整流电路的输入端电连接至所述谐振电容的两端;
储能电容,所述储能电容的两端电连接至所述整流电路的输出端;
DC-DC变换器,所述DC-DC变换器的输入端电连接至所述储能电容的两端,所述DC-DC变换器的输出端电连接至可充电电池。
优选的,所述DC-DC变换器为boost升压电路。
优选的,所述boost升压电路包括电感、二极管和金氧半场效晶体管,所述电感的一端和所述储能电容的一端电连接,所述电感的另一端与所述二极管的阳极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的漏极电连接,所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极与所述储能电容的另一端电连接,所述二极管的阴极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极为所述boost升压电路的输出端。在又一个优选的实施例中,磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括滤波电容和第一开关,所述滤波电容和第一开关串联后与所述金氧半场效晶体管的漏极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极电连接。在另一个优选的实施例中,磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括第二开关,第二开关和boost升压电路中的二极管并联。
优选的,所述整流电路为全桥整流电路。
优选的,所述负载为可充电电池。
本发明还提供了一种磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路,包括谐振发射电路和磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路包括:谐振电路,所述谐振电路包括谐振线圈和谐振电容;整流电路,所述整流电路的输入端电连接至所述谐振电路的输出端;储能电容,所述储能电容的两端电连接至所述整流电路的输出端;boost升压电路,所述boost升压电路包括电感、二极管和金氧半场效晶体管,所述电感的一端和所述储能电容的一端电连接,所述电感的另一端与所述二极管的阳极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的漏极电连接,所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极与所述储能电容的另一端电连接,所述二极管的阴极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极为所述boost升压电路的输出端,所述boost升压电路的输出端电连接至可充电电池;所述谐振发射电路包括半导体开关。
优选的,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括滤波电容和第一开关,所述滤波电容和第一开关串联后与所述金氧半场效晶体管的漏极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极电连接。
优选的,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括第二开关,所述第二开关和所述boost升压电路中的二极管并联。
优选的,磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路还包括:主控制装置,包括主CPU、主收发模块和第一驱动模块;从控制装置,包括从CPU、从收发模块和第二驱动模块;充电检测模块,用于测量所述可充电电池的充电状态,并将可充电电池的充电状态数据输出至所述从CPU;电压检测模块,用于测量所述储能电容的电压值并将储能电容的电压值输出至所述从CPU;其中,所述从CPU用于通过所述从收发模块和主收发模块将所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值发送至所述主CPU,所述主CPU用于根据所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值通过所述第一驱动模块控制所述半导体开关以脉冲频率调制工作,所述从CPU用于根据所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值通过所述第二驱动模块控制所述金氧半场效晶体管截止且控制所述第一开关和第二开关同时处于导通状态或断开状态;或所述从CPU用于通过所述从收发模块和主收发模块将所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值发送至所述主CPU,所述主CPU用于根据所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值通过所述第一驱动模块控制所述半导体开关截止,所述从CPU用于根据所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值通过所述第二驱动模块控制所述金氧半场效晶体管以脉冲宽度调制工作且控制所述第一开关和第二开关同时处于断开状态。
本发明还提供了一种磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路的控制方法,包括如下步骤:(a)当可充电电池的电压小于预定的第一阈值电压时,所述谐振发射电路以脉冲频率调制工作,所述金氧半场效晶体管处于截止状态;(b)当可充电电池的电压大于预定的第一阈值电压时,所述谐振发射电路间歇式工作,其中在所述储能电容的电压值大于预定的第二阈值电压时,谐振发射电路处于断开状态,且所述金氧半场效晶体管以脉冲宽度调制工作,所述储能电容通过所述boost升压电路对所述可充电电池进行充电;在所述储能电容的电压值小于预定的第二阈值电压时,谐振发射电路以脉冲频率调制工作,所述谐振发射电路通过所述谐振电路和整流电路对所述储能电容进行充电,且所述金氧半场效晶体管处于截止状态。
优选的,当磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括滤波电容和第一开关,所述滤波电容和第一开关串联后与所述金氧半场效晶体管的漏极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极电连接时,在所述步骤(a)中,还包括使得所述第一开关处于导通状态;在所述步骤(b)中,还包括使得所述第一开关处于断开状态。
优选的,磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括第二开关,所述第二开关和所述boost升压电路中的二极管并联时,在所述步骤(a)中,还包括使得所述第二开关处于导通状态;在所述步骤(b)中,还包括使得所述第二开关处于断开状态。
本发明的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路在可充电电池的电压达到预定的阈值电压或负载所需的功率减小时,能够通过储能电容上的电能给可充电电池充电或给负载供电。提高了电能的利用率,减小了电子元器件的热损耗。
以下参照附图对本发明实施例作进一步说明,其中:
图1是现有技术的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路的电路图。
图2是根据本发明第一个实施例的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路的电路图。
图3是图2所示的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路的时序图。
图4是图3中的t0-t1时刻的等效电路图。
图5是图3中的t2-t3时刻的等效电路图。
图6是图3中的t3-t4时刻的等效电路图。
图7是图2所示的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路和图1所示的接收电路分别对可充电电池的充电效率的曲线图。
图8是根据本发明第二个实施例的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路的电路图。
图9是根据本发明第三个实施例的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路的电路图。
图10是根据本发明较佳实施例的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路的电路图。
主要装置符号说明
1 谐振电路
2 全桥整流电路
3 boost升压电路
4 谐振电路
5 谐振发射电路
6 半导体开关
7 充电检测模块
8 电压检测模块
9 主CPU
10 主收发模块
11 第一驱动模块
12 主控制装置
13 从CPU
14 从收发模块
15 第二驱动模块
16 从控制装置
C1、C4、C9 谐振电容
C2 储能电容
C3 电容
L1、L5 谐振电感
L2 电感
D1-D5 二极管
Q1 金氧半场效晶体管
S 第一开关
S2 第二开关
B 可充电电池
为了使本发明的目的,技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图通过具体实施例对本发明进一步详细说明。
图2是根据本发明第一个实施例的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电
路的电路图。如图2所示,磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路包括谐振电路1、全桥整流电路2、boost升压电路3、储能电容C2、电容C3和第一开关S。谐振电路1包括谐振电感L1、谐振电容C4和谐振电容C1,谐振电感L1、谐振电容C4和谐振电容C1依次串联呈环状,即谐振电感L1的一端和谐振电容C1的一端电连接,谐振电容C1的另一端和谐振电容C4的一端电连接,谐振电容C4的另一端和谐振电感L1的另一端电连接,其中在本实施例中,谐振电容C1的两端作为谐振电路1的输出端。全桥整流电路2包括四个二极管D1-D4,二极管D1的阳极和二极管D2的阴极连接,二极管D3的阳极和二极管D4的阴极连接,二极管D1的阴极和二极管D3的阴极连接,二极管D2的阳极和二极管D4的阳极连接,其中二极管D1的阳极和二极管D3的阳极为全桥整流电路2的输入端,二极管D1的阴极和二极管D2的阳极为全桥整流电路2的输出端,全桥整流电路2的输入端连接至谐振电容C1的两端,全桥整流电路2的输出端连接至储能电容C2的两端。boost升压电路3包括电感L2、二极管D5和金氧半场效晶体管Q1,电感L2的一端同时和二极管D5的阳极以及金氧半场效晶体管Q1的漏极连接,电感L2的另一端与二极管D3的阴极连接,金氧半场效晶体管Q1的源极与二极管D4的阳极连接。其中电感L2与二极管D3的阴极相连的一端与金氧半场效晶体管Q1的源极作为boost升压电路3的输入端,二极管D5的阴极和金氧半场效晶体管Q1的源极作为boost升压电路3的输出端。电容C3和第一开关S串联后与金氧半场效晶体管Q1的漏极和金氧半场效晶体管Q1的源极连接。可充电电池B的正极与二极管D5的阴极连接,可充电电池B的负极与金氧半场效晶体管Q1的源极连接并接地。
图3是图2所示的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路的时序图。如图3所示,在t0-t1时间内,谐振发射电路以脉冲频率调制(PFM)方式工作,金氧半场效晶体管Q1的栅极电压为低电平,此时金氧半场效晶体管Q1保持截止,第一开关S处于导通状态,可充电电池B的电流基本保持不变,可充电电池B的电压持续的升高,即可充电电池B处于恒流充电模式下。具体等效电路如图4所示,第一开关S保持导通,金氧半场效晶体管Q1保持截止,因此图4并未示出第一开关S和金氧半场效晶体管Q1,此时储能电容C2、电感L2和电容C3构成π型滤波器并连接在全桥整流电路2的输出端。谐振发射电路中的谐振发射线圈(图4未示出)产生与
谐振发射频率相同的谐振电流,谐振发射线圈中的谐振电流产生交变磁场,通过使得谐振电感L1和谐振电容C1、C4设定的谐振接收频率与谐振发射频率相同,当谐振发射电路和谐振电路1相距一定的距离时,由于电磁耦合产生谐振,进行能量的传输。全桥整流电路2的输入端连接在谐振电容C1的两端,全桥整流电路2对谐振电容C1上的电动势进行整流。经过全桥整流电路2整流后的脉动直流电经过π型滤波器后在电容C3上得到直流电,同时储能电容C2上也存储一定的电能。由于电容C3与二极管D5的阳极相连的一端带正电,从而对可充电电池B进行充电。在可充电电池B充电开始阶段或可充电电池B的电压低于一预定的阈值电压时,使得可充电电池B处于恒流充电模式下,其中该阈值电压可以是可充电电池B额定电压的百分比值,例如该阈值电压可以是可充电电池B额定电压的90%。
在t2-t3时间内,可充电电池B上的电压接近其额定电压值或一预定的阈值电压时,谐振发射电路处于断开状态,通过脉冲宽度调制控制器(图2未示出)在金氧半场效晶体管Q1的栅极施加脉冲宽度调制信号,同时第一开关S处于截止状态,具体等效电路如图5所示。此时谐振电路1和全桥整流电路2并不工作,因此在图5中并未示出。boost升压电路3是一种DC-DC变换器,在对金氧半场效晶体管Q1进行脉冲宽度调制,能够使得输出电压比输入电压高,由于储能电容C2上存储了一定的电能,因此boost升压电路3将储能电容C2上的直流电转换成电压更高的直流电而输出,从而继续对可充电电池B进行充电。在t2-t3时间内,可充电电池B的电压基本保持不变,可充电电池B中的电流逐渐减小,即可充电电池B处于恒压充电模式下。在恒压充电模式下,只需要储能电容C2上的电能即可控制对可充电电池B进一步充电,这样可以节省电能,提高充电的效率,同时也减小了对可充电电池B过度充电的危害。
在t3-t4时间内,当储能电容C2上的电能不能对可充电电池B进行稳定充电时,谐振发射电路以PFM方式工作,且金氧半场效晶体管Q1保持截止,第一开关S截止,具体等效电路图如图6所示。通过图6所示的电路对储能电容C2进行充电。
在t4-t5时间内,谐振发射电路处于断开状态,通过脉冲宽度调制控制器在金氧半场效晶体管Q1的栅极施加脉冲宽度调制信号,同时第一开关S处于截止状态,具体等效电路与图5相同,通过储能电容C2上的电能
继续对可充电电池B进行充电。
在图3所示的时序图中,t0-t1时间内,可充电电池B处于恒流充电模式下,在t2-t5时间内,可充电电池B处于恒压充电模式下。在t2-t5时间内,谐振发射电路是间歇式工作,即当谐振发射电路不工作时,储能电容C2对可充电电池B进行充电,当谐振发射电路以PFM方式工作时,对储能电容C2进行充电,因此储能电容C2也是放电和充电交替进行。在t1-t2时间内为恒流充电模式向恒压充电模式转变的过渡时间段,在实际的充电过程中,t1-t2时间段持续的时间很短,可以不予考虑。在本发明的其他实施例中,在t2时刻后的一预订的时间段内,可以使得谐振发射电路为导通状态,且金氧半场效晶体管Q1为截止状态,同时第一开关S截止。之后,磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路的工作方式和本实施例中的t2-t5时间内的工作方式相同。
在其他的实施例中,可以选择储能容量大的储能电容C2,在可充电电池B的恒压充电模式下,使得储能电容C2上具有足够的电能来对可充电电池B进行充电,从而使得谐振发射电路在恒压充电模式下降低谐振发射电路的开启频率。
图7是图2所示的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路和图1所示的接收电路分别对可充电电池的充电效率的曲线图。如图7所示,曲线1为图1所示的接收电路对可充电电池的充电效率曲线图,曲线2为图2所示的接收电路对可充电电池的充电效率曲线图。从图7可以看出,在大约0-100分钟内,曲线1和曲线2基本相等,说明在恒流充电模式下,充电效率基本相等。在大约100-200分钟内,曲线2的效率和曲线1的效率随着充电时间的增加而降低,但是在同一时刻,曲线2的效率明显高于曲线1的效率,说明在恒压充电模式下,本发明图2的接收电路对可充电电池的充电效率高于图1的接收电路对可充电电池的充电效率。
图8是根据本发明第二个实施例的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路的电路图。其与图2基本相同,区别在于,在二极管D5的两端并联有第二开关S2,在可充电电池B的恒流充电模式下,第二开关S2导通,使得二极管D5短路,经过滤波后在电容C3上得到的直流电直接对可充电电池B进行充电,从而避免了在恒流充电模式下二极管D5对电能的损耗。在可充电电池B的恒压充电模式下,第二开关S2一直断开,储能电容C2上的直流电经过boost升压电路3后对可充电电池B进行充电。
图9是根据本发明第三个实施例的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路的电路图。其与图2基本相同,区别在于,谐振电路4为谐振电感L5和谐振电容C9构成的LC谐振电路,谐振电容C9的两端为谐振电路4的输出端。谐振电感L5的一端和谐振电容C9的一端连接,谐振电感L5的另一端和谐振电容C9的另一端连接,全桥整流电路2的输入端连接在谐振电容C9的两端。另外,图9中并没有图2中的第一开关S和电容C3。在恒压充电模式下,boost升压电路3使得输出端的电压高于储能电容C2两端的电压,同时也高于可充电电池B两端的电压,从而继续对可充电电池B进行充电。在本实施例的变形结构中,可以在二极管D5的两端并联一个继电器开关。
在其他的实施例中,还可以采用半桥整流电路代替上述实施例中的全桥整流电路2。另外,本发明中的DC-DC变换器并不限于boost升压电路3,还可以采用其他任意的将储能电容两端的电压进行升压的DC-DC变换器。在一些实施例中,还可以采用半导体开关元件代替本实施例中的金氧半场效晶体管Q1,例如可以采用绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)替换本实施例中的金氧半场效晶体管Q1,同时将IGBT的集电极和二极管D5的阳极电连接,IGBT的发射极和二极管D4的阳极电连接。在其他的实施例中,本发明中的储能电容C2可以是单个电容,还可以是多个电容并联形成的电容组,从而增加电能的储能量。本发明除了可以对可充电电池B进行充电外,同样适用于所需功率变化较大的负载,例如当负载所需的功率较大时,采用恒流充电模式对负载进行供电,当负载所需的功率较小时,采用储能电容C2上的电能对负载进行供电,从而提高了电能的利用率。
图10是根据本发明较佳实施例的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路的电路图。如图10所示,包括如图8所示的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路,还包括谐振发射电路5、主控制装置12、从控制装置16、电压检测模块8和充电检测模块7。其中谐振发射电路5中包括半导体开关6,本领域的技术人员可知,谐振发射电路5的其他电路结构是公知的,其具体的电路结构在此不再予以详述。充电检测模块7用于检测可充电电池B的充电状态从而判断可充电电池B的充电情况,例如可以检测可充电电池B的电压,或者同时检测可充电电池B的电压和充电电流等信号。电压检测模块8用于检测储能电容C2两端的电压值。从控制装置16包括从CPU13、从收发模块14和第二驱动模块15。主控制装置12包括主CPU 9、主
收发模块10和第一驱动模块11。充电检测模块7将可充电电池B的充电状态数据输出至从CPU 13,同时电压检测模块8将储能电容C2的电压值输出至从CPU 13,从CPU 13将该充电状态数据和储能电容C2的电压值通过从收发模块14和主收发模块10发送给主CPU 9,主CPU 9根据该充电状态数据和储能电容C2的电压值通过第一驱动模块11控制半导体开关6的工作状态。从CPU 13根据该充电状态数据和储能电容C2的电压值通过第二驱动模块15控制第一开关S、第二开关S2和金氧半场效晶体管Q1的工作状态。
现举例说明主控制装置12和从控制装置16的控制方式,充电检测模块7检测可充电电池B的电压和充电电流,充电检测模块7并将可充电电池B的当前电压值和充电电流值输出至从CPU 13,同时电压检测模块8检测储能电容C2两端的电压,并将储能电容C2两端的电压值输出至从CPU 13,从CPU 13通过从收发模块14和主收发模块10之间进行数据传输,将可充电电池B的电压值和充电电流值,以及储能电容C2的电压值发送到主CPU 9。当可充电电池B的电压低于一预定的阈值电压且同时储能电容C2上的电压值高于预定的另一阈值电压时,主CPU 9给第一驱动模块11输出一PFM信号,从而使得第一驱动模块11控制半导体开关6以PFM方式工作。同时从CPU 13通过第二驱动模块15控制金氧半场效晶体管Q1处于截止状态,且控制第一开关S和第二开关S2同时处于导通状态,此时谐振发射电路5对可充电电池B进行恒流充电。当可充电电池B的电压大于或增加到一预定的阈值电压时,主CPU 9给第一驱动模块11输出一驱动信号控制半导体开关6处于截止状态,同时从CPU 13通过第二驱动模块15控制金氧半场效晶体管Q1以PWM方式工作,且控制第一开关S和第二开关S2同时断开,此时储能电容C2放电并通过电感L2、二极管D5和金氧半场效晶体管Q1构成的boost电路对可充电电池B进行恒压充电。当可充电电池B的电压大于或增加到一预定的阈值电压且储能电容C2上的电压值低于预定的另一阈值电压时,主CPU 9给第一驱动模块11输出一PFM信号,从而使得第一驱动模块11控制半导体开关6以PFM方式工作。同时从CPU 13通过第二驱动模块15控制金氧半场效晶体管Q1处于截止状态,且控制第一开关S和第二开关S2同时处于断开状态,此时谐振发射电路5通过谐振电路1和全桥整流电路2对储能电容C2进行充电。因此当可充电电池B的电压大于或增加到一预定的阈值电
压时,谐振发射电路5处于间歇式工作,此时储能电容C2处于充电和放电交替式工作状态。
在其他的实施例中,还可以是主CPU 9通过主收发模块10和从收发模块14给从CPU 13发送控制指令,从CPU 13根据该控制指令通过第二驱动模块15控制第一开关S、第二开关S2和金氧半场效晶体管Q1的工作状态。其中第一开关S、第二开关S2和金氧半场效晶体管Q1的工作状态与上述相同,在此不再赘述。
上述实施例是通过可充电电池B两端的电压值对可充电电池B进行恒压充电或恒流充电,本领域的技术人员可知,主CPU 9可以根据可充电电池B的充电电流值对可充电池B进行恒流充电或恒压充电。当然,主CPU9也可以同时根据可充电电池B的电压值和充电电流值对可充电池B进行恒流充电或恒压充电。
虽然本发明已经通过优选实施例进行了描述,然而本发明并非局限于这里所描述的实施例,在不脱离本发明范围的情况下还包括所作出的各种改变以及变化。
Claims (13)
- 一种磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路,其特征在于,包括:谐振电路,所述谐振电路包括谐振线圈和谐振电容;整流电路,所述整流电路的输入端电连接至所述谐振电容的两端;储能电容,所述储能电容的两端电连接至所述整流电路的输出端;DC-DC变换器,所述DC-DC变换器的输入端电连接至所述储能电容的两端,所述DC-DC变换器的输出端电连接至可充电电池。
- 根据权利要求1所述的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路,其特征在于,所述DC-DC变换器为boost升压电路。
- 根据权利要求2所述的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路,其特征在于,所述boost升压电路包括电感、二极管和金氧半场效晶体管,所述电感的一端和所述储能电容的一端电连接,所述电感的另一端与所述二极管的阳极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的漏极电连接,所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极与所述储能电容的另一端电连接,所述二极管的阴极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极为所述boost升压电路的输出端。
- 根据权利要3所述的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路,其特征在于,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括滤波电容和第一开关,所述滤波电容和第一开关串联后与所述金氧半场效晶体管的漏极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极电连接。
- 根据权利要4所述的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路,其特征在于,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括第二开关,所述第二开关和所述boost升压电路中的二极管并联。
- 根据权利要1至5任一项所述的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路,其特征在于,所述整流电路为全桥整流电路。
- 一种磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路,包括磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路和谐振发射电路,其特征在于,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路包括:谐振电路,所述谐振电路包括谐振线圈和谐振电容;整流电路,所述整流电路的输入端电连接至所述谐振电路的输出端;储能电容,所述储能电容的两端电连接至所述整流电路的输出 端;boost升压电路,所述boost升压电路包括电感、二极管和金氧半场效晶体管,所述电感的一端和所述储能电容的一端电连接,所述电感的另一端与所述二极管的阳极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的漏极电连接,所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极与所述储能电容的另一端电连接,所述二极管的阴极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极为所述boost升压电路的输出端,所述boost升压电路的输出端电连接至可充电电池;所述谐振发射电路包括半导体开关。
- 根据权利要求7所述的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路,其特征在于,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括滤波电容和第一开关,所述滤波电容和第一开关串联后与所述金氧半场效晶体管的漏极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极电连接。
- 根据权利要求8所述的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路,其特征在于,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括第二开关,所述第二开关和所述boost升压电路中的二极管并联。
- 根据权利要求9所述的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路,其特征在于,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路还包括:主控制装置,包括主CPU、主收发模块和第一驱动模块;从控制装置,包括从CPU、从收发模块和第二驱动模块;充电检测模块,用于测量所述可充电电池的充电状态,并将可充电电池的充电状态数据输出至所述从CPU;电压检测模块,用于测量所述储能电容的电压值并将储能电容的电压值输出至所述从CPU;其中,所述从CPU用于通过所述从收发模块和主收发模块将所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值发送至所述主CPU,所述主CPU用于根据所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值通过所述第一驱动模块控制所述半导体开关以脉冲频率调制工作,所述从CPU用于根据所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值通过所述第二驱动模块控制所述金氧半场效晶体管截止且控制所述第一开关和第二开关同时处于导通状态或断开状态;或所述从CPU用于通过所述从收发模块和主收发模块将所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值发送至所述主CPU,所述主CPU用于根据所述 充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值通过所述第一驱动模块控制所述半导体开关截止,所述从CPU用于根据所述充电状态数据和储能电容的电压值通过所述第二驱动模块控制所述金氧半场效晶体管以脉冲宽度调制工作且控制所述第一开关和第二开关同时处于断开状态。
- 一种关于权利要求10所述的磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输电路的控制方法,其特征在于,所述控制方法包括如下步骤:(a)当可充电电池的电压小于预定的第一阈值电压时,所述谐振发射电路以脉冲频率调制工作,所述金氧半场效晶体管处于截止状态;(b)当可充电电池的电压大于预定的第一阈值电压时,所述谐振发射电路间歇式工作,其中在所述储能电容的电压值大于预定的第二阈值电压时,谐振发射电路处于断开状态,且所述金氧半场效晶体管以脉冲宽度调制工作,所述储能电容通过所述boost升压电路对所述可充电电池进行充电;在所述储能电容的电压值小于预定的第二阈值电压时,谐振发射电路以脉冲频率调制工作,并通过所述谐振电路和整流电路对所述储能电容进行充电,且所述金氧半场效晶体管处于截止状态。
- 根据权利要求11所述的控制方法,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括滤波电容和第一开关,所述滤波电容和第一开关串联后与所述金氧半场效晶体管的漏极和所述金氧半场效晶体管的源极电连接,其特征在于:在所述步骤(a)中,还包括使得所述第一开关处于导通状态;在所述步骤(b)中,还包括使得所述第一开关处于断开状态。
- 根据权利要求12所述的控制方法,所述磁耦合谐振式无线能量传输接收电路还包括第二开关,所述第二开关和所述boost升压电路中的二极管并联,其特征在于:在所述步骤(a)中,还包括使得所述第二开关处于导通状态;在所述步骤(b)中,还包括使得所述第二开关处于断开状态。
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