WO2015122443A1 - Exhaust purification device and control method for exhaust purification device - Google Patents

Exhaust purification device and control method for exhaust purification device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015122443A1
WO2015122443A1 PCT/JP2015/053785 JP2015053785W WO2015122443A1 WO 2015122443 A1 WO2015122443 A1 WO 2015122443A1 JP 2015053785 W JP2015053785 W JP 2015053785W WO 2015122443 A1 WO2015122443 A1 WO 2015122443A1
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Prior art keywords
ammonia
nox
reduction catalyst
amount
exhaust
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PCT/JP2015/053785
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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長岡　大治
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いすゞ自動車株式会社
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1446—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being exhaust temperatures
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    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
    • F02D41/1463—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
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    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1473—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the regulation method
    • F02D41/1475—Regulating the air fuel ratio at a value other than stoichiometry
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/25—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an ammonia generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/025—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting O2, e.g. lambda sensors
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/06—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being a temperature sensor
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1616—NH3-slip from catalyst
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1621—Catalyst conversion efficiency
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    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D2041/1468—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an ammonia content or concentration of the exhaust gases
    • F02D2041/1469—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an ammonia content or concentration of the exhaust gases with determination means using an estimation
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    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust purification device and a method for controlling the exhaust purification device, and more particularly to purification of a nitrogen compound (hereinafter referred to as NOx) contained in exhaust gas.
  • NOx a nitrogen compound
  • a NOx occlusion reduction catalyst hereinafter referred to as LNT
  • SCR NOx selective reduction catalyst
  • the LNT occludes NOx in exhaust under a lean atmosphere, and reduces and purifies NOx released under a rich atmosphere with HC and CO.
  • ammonia hereinafter referred to as NH 3
  • SCR is configured to adsorb NH 3, to selectively reduce and purify NOx in exhaust the NH 3 adsorbed as the reducing agent.
  • an SCR is arranged downstream of the LNT, and NH 3 produced by the LNT is adsorbed to the SCR under a rich atmosphere to reduce and purify NOx. Techniques to do this are disclosed.
  • the NH 3 adsorption capacity of the SCR varies depending on the catalyst temperature or the like. Therefore, if the amount of NH 3 produced by LNT in a rich atmosphere is excessive, there is a possibility of causing NH 3 slip that could not be adsorbed by SCR. Further, in order to prevent NH 3 slip, if the exhaust air-fuel ratio at the time of NH 3 generation (rich atmosphere) is set shallow, the amount of NH 3 adsorbed on the downstream SCR decreases, and the NOx purification rate decreases. May also be incurred.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust purification device and a control method therefor that can effectively suppress NH 3 slip while improving the NOx purification rate.
  • the present invention provides an exhaust purification device in which an NOx storage reduction catalyst and a NOx selective reduction catalyst are arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine from the exhaust upstream side, and the NOx storage reduction catalyst in a rich atmosphere.
  • a production amount estimation means for estimating the ammonia production amount produced by the above-mentioned, and a consumption amount for estimating the ammonia consumption amount required for reducing NOx flowing from the NOx storage reduction catalyst into the NOx selective reduction catalyst in a lean atmosphere
  • Ammonia generation control for controlling the exhaust air / fuel ratio to a rich atmosphere and generating ammonia with the NOx storage reduction catalyst Characterized in that it comprises a stage.
  • a deterioration degree calculating means for calculating the degree of deterioration of the NOx storage reduction catalyst based on the NOx purification rate of the NOx storage reduction catalyst; and a correcting means for correcting the ammonia upper limit adsorption amount upward according to the deterioration degree. , May be further provided.
  • the present invention also relates to an exhaust purification device control method in which a NOx storage reduction catalyst and a NOx selective reduction catalyst are arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine from the exhaust upstream side, and is generated by the NOx storage reduction catalyst in a rich atmosphere.
  • the amount of ammonia produced is estimated, the amount of ammonia consumed to reduce NOx flowing from the NOx storage reduction catalyst into the NOx selective reduction catalyst in a lean atmosphere is estimated, and the amount of ammonia produced and the amount of ammonia consumed
  • the ammonia adsorption amount of the NOx selective reduction catalyst is estimated from the difference from the amount, and the exhaust air-fuel ratio is controlled to a rich atmosphere within a range where the ammonia adsorption amount is not more than a predetermined ammonia upper limit adsorption amount. Ammonia is produced.
  • the deterioration degree of the NOx storage reduction catalyst may be calculated based on the NOx purification rate of the NOx storage reduction catalyst, and the ammonia upper limit adsorption amount may be corrected upward according to the deterioration degree.
  • an internal combustion engine (hereinafter simply referred to as an engine) 10 is provided with an intake manifold 10a and an exhaust manifold 10b.
  • An intake passage 11 for introducing fresh air is connected to the intake manifold 10a, and an exhaust passage 12 for extracting exhaust is connected to the exhaust manifold 10b.
  • the exhaust manifold 10b and the intake manifold 10a communicate with each other through an EGR passage 20, and an EGR cooler 21 and an EGR valve 22 are provided in the EGR passage 20.
  • the intake passage 11 is provided with a turbocharger compressor 13, an intercooler 14, and an intake throttle valve 15 in order from the intake upstream side.
  • the exhaust passage 12 is provided with a turbocharger turbine 16, a fuel injection valve 17, an air-fuel ratio sensor 50, and an exhaust aftertreatment device 30 in order from the exhaust upstream side.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device 30 is configured by arranging an LNT 31, an SCR 32, and a diesel particulate filter (hereinafter referred to as DPF) 33 in order from the exhaust upstream side.
  • a first exhaust temperature sensor 51 is provided at the inlet of the LNT 31, and a NOx sensor 52 and a second exhaust temperature sensor 53 are provided at the outlet of the LNT 31 (inlet of the SCR 32).
  • the LNT 31 is formed by supporting a noble metal such as an alkali metal or platinum on the surface of a carrier such as a ceramic honeycomb structure.
  • the LNT 31 occludes NOx in the exhaust under a lean atmosphere and releases the occluded NOx under a rich atmosphere. NOx released in a rich atmosphere is reduced and purified by HC and CO in the exhaust. Further, the LNT31, the NH 3 is generated by nitrogen in the exhaust under a rich atmosphere reacts with hydrogen.
  • the SCR 32 is formed by supporting zeolite or the like on the surface of a carrier such as a ceramic honeycomb structure.
  • the SCR 32 adsorbs NH 3 produced by the LNT 31 in a rich atmosphere, and selectively reduces and purifies NOx from the exhaust gas using the adsorbed NH 3 as a reducing agent in a lean atmosphere.
  • the DPF 33 is formed by, for example, arranging a large number of cells partitioned by porous partition walls along the exhaust flow direction and alternately plugging the upstream side and the downstream side of these cells.
  • the DPF 33 collects PM in the exhaust gas in the pores and surfaces of the partition walls, and when the amount of accumulated PM reaches a predetermined amount, so-called forced regeneration is performed to remove the PM.
  • the electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as ECU) 40 controls the engine 10 and the like, and includes a known CPU, ROM, RAM, input port, output port, and the like. In order to perform these various controls, the sensor values of the various sensors 50 to 55 are input to the ECU 40.
  • the ECU 40 includes an NH 3 generation amount estimation unit 41, an NH 3 consumption amount estimation unit 42, an NH 3 adsorption amount estimation unit 43, an NH 3 generation control unit 44, and a deterioration degree calculation.
  • the unit 45 and the upper limit adsorption amount correction unit 46 are included as some functional elements. Each of these functional elements will be described as being included in the ECU 40 that is an integral piece of hardware, but any one of these may be provided in separate hardware.
  • the NH 3 generation amount estimation unit 41 estimates a cumulative generation amount A 1 of NH 3 generated by the LNT 31 by rich spike control, which will be described in detail later. More specifically, the ECU 40 stores an NH 3 generation amount map shown in FIG. 3 using the air-fuel ratio ⁇ and the LNT temperature created in advance by experiments or the like as parameters. The accumulated NH 3 generation amount A 1 is obtained by reading the NH 3 generation amounts corresponding to the sensor values of the air-fuel ratio sensor 50 and the first exhaust temperature sensor 51 from the NH 3 generation amount map during the execution of the rich spike control, and integrating them. Estimated by
  • the NH 3 consumption amount estimation unit 42 estimates the NH 3 consumption amount A 2 consumed by the SCR 32 by reducing and purifying NOx flowing from the LNT 31 to the SCR 32 in a lean atmosphere. More specifically, the ECU 40 stores an NH 3 consumption map shown in FIG. 4 that prescribes the relationship between the NOx inflow to the SCR 32 and the NH 3 consumption, which has been created in advance by experiments or the like.
  • the NH 3 consumption A 2 is estimated by reading and integrating a value corresponding to the sensor value (or estimated value) of the NOx sensor 52 from the NH 3 consumption map in a lean atmosphere.
  • the NH 3 adsorption amount estimation unit 43 estimates the NH 3 adsorption amount A 3 in the current SCR 32.
  • the NH 3 generation control unit 44 executes rich spike control in which the LNT 31 generates NH 3 by intentionally setting the exhaust air-fuel ratio to a rich atmosphere. More specifically, the ECU 40 stores an NH 3 adsorbable amount map that prescribes a relationship between the catalyst temperature of the SCR 32 and the NH 3 adsorption amount, which is created in advance by experiments or the like. This is NH 3 adsorption capacity on map, the upper limit adsorption amount A M1 secured the actual sufficient margin than adsorption capacity A L of SCR32 is set.
  • the rich spike control is executed by adjusting the exhaust air-fuel ratio to a deep rich atmosphere so that the NH 3 adsorption amount A 3 falls within the range of the upper limit adsorption amount A M1 or less (A 3 ⁇ A M1 ).
  • the rich spike control may be performed using, for example, in-pipe injection by the fuel injection valve 17, post-injection of the engine 10, or the like.
  • Deterioration degree calculation unit 45 calculates the deterioration degree D R of LNT31 due to thermal degradation or aging deterioration.
  • the deterioration degree D R is, for example, the operating state of the engine 10 (engine speed, accelerator opening, etc.) the ratio of the LNT outlet NOx value detected by the engine outlet NOx value and the NOx sensor 52, which is estimated from the (current It is calculated by dividing the NOx purification rate by the reference purification rate in a normal state (for example, when new).
  • the upper limit adsorption amount correcting unit 46 in accordance with the deterioration degree D R of LNT31, corrected upwards within a range lower than the adsorption capacity A L limit adsorption amount A M1 on NH 3 adsorption capacity map shown in FIG. 5 (See A M2 in FIG. 5). That is, when the deterioration of the LNT 31 progresses and the NOx slip amount increases, the amount of margin secured for preventing NH 3 slip is reduced to increase the NH 3 adsorption amount of the SCR 32. Thereby, when LNT31 deteriorates, the NOx reduction
  • the correction amount corresponding to the degree of deterioration D R may be obtained from a map or approximate expression created in advance through experiments or the like.
  • NH 3 produced by the LNT 31 is adsorbed to the downstream SCR by intentionally setting the exhaust air-fuel ratio to a rich atmosphere by rich spike control.
  • NOx slipping from the LNT 31 is reduced and purified by NH 3 adsorbed on the SCR 32. That is, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), NH 3 produced by LNT31 in a rich atmosphere is adsorbed by SCR 32, so that NH 3 slip is reliably prevented.
  • NOx slipping from the LNT 31 in a lean atmosphere is configured to be reliably purified using NH 3 adsorbed on the SCR 32 as a reducing agent.
  • the exhaust purification device and the control method thereof of the present embodiment it is possible to effectively improve the NOx purification rate while reliably preventing NH 3 slip.
  • the cost of the entire apparatus can be effectively reduced by using the SCR 32 that does not use a noble metal as compared with the case where an oxidation catalyst or the like is used to prevent NH 3 slip or HC slip.
  • the NOx purification rate of the LNT 31 is reduced due to thermal degradation, aging degradation, or the like, the amount of NH 3 adsorbed on the SCR 32 is increased, so that the NOx purification rate of the entire system can be effectively maintained.
  • the usable period of the LNT 31 can be extended, and the durability and maintainability of the entire system can be improved.
  • the SCR 32 and the DPF 33 do not need to be provided separately, and as shown in FIG. With this configuration, it is possible to save the space of the entire apparatus.

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Abstract

An exhaust purification device that improves NOx purification rates and effectively suppresses NH3 slip. The exhaust purification device has an LNT (31) and an SCR (32) that are arranged in an exhaust passage (12) of an internal combustion engine (10), from the exhaust upstream side, and comprises: an NH3 generation amount estimation unit (41) that estimates the amount of ammonia generated by the LNT (31) in a rich environment; an NH3 consumption amount estimation unit (42) that estimates the ammonia consumption required for reduction of the NOx that has flowed in from the LNT (31) to the SCR (32) in a lean environment; an NH3 adsorption amount estimation unit (43) that estimates the SCR (32) ammonia adsorption amount, from the difference between the amount of ammonia generated and the amount of ammonia consumed; and an NH3 generation control unit (44) controls the exhaust air-fuel ratio so as to be rich, within a range whereby the ammonia adsorption amount is no more than a prescribed upper limit ammonia adsorption amount, and generates ammonia by using the LNT (31).

Description

排気浄化装置及び排気浄化装置の制御方法Exhaust purification device and control method of exhaust purification device
　本発明は、排気浄化装置及び排気浄化装置の制御方法に関し、特に、排気中に含まれる窒素化合物（以下、ＮＯｘ）の浄化に関する。 The present invention relates to an exhaust purification device and a method for controlling the exhaust purification device, and more particularly to purification of a nitrogen compound (hereinafter referred to as NOx) contained in exhaust gas.
　従来、排気中のＮＯｘを還元浄化する触媒として、ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒（以下、ＬＮＴ）やＮＯｘ選択還元触媒（以下、ＳＣＲ）等が知られている。ＬＮＴは、リーン雰囲気下で排気中のＮＯｘを吸蔵すると共に、リッチ雰囲気下で放出したＮＯｘをＨＣやＣＯによって還元浄化させる。このＬＮＴでは、リッチ雰囲気下で排気中の窒素が水素と反応することでアンモニア（以下、ＮＨ3）が生成される。ＳＣＲは、ＮＨ3を吸着すると共に、吸着したＮＨ3を還元剤として排気中のＮＯｘを選択的に還元浄化させる。 Conventionally, as a catalyst for reducing and purifying NOx in exhaust gas, a NOx occlusion reduction catalyst (hereinafter referred to as LNT), a NOx selective reduction catalyst (hereinafter referred to as SCR) and the like are known. The LNT occludes NOx in exhaust under a lean atmosphere, and reduces and purifies NOx released under a rich atmosphere with HC and CO. In this LNT, ammonia (hereinafter referred to as NH 3 ) is generated when nitrogen in the exhaust gas reacts with hydrogen in a rich atmosphere. SCR is configured to adsorb NH 3, to selectively reduce and purify NOx in exhaust the NH 3 adsorbed as the reducing agent.
　このようなＮＯｘ触媒の特性に着目して、例えば特許文献１には、ＬＮＴの下流側にＳＣＲを配置し、リッチ雰囲気下でＬＮＴによって生成されるＮＨ3をＳＣＲに吸着させてＮＯｘを還元浄化する技術が開示されている。 Focusing on the characteristics of such NOx catalyst, for example, in Patent Document 1, an SCR is arranged downstream of the LNT, and NH 3 produced by the LNT is adsorbed to the SCR under a rich atmosphere to reduce and purify NOx. Techniques to do this are disclosed.
特開２００４－２１１６７９号公報JP 2004-21679 A
　ところで、ＳＣＲのＮＨ3吸着能力は触媒温度等に応じて変化する。そのため、リッチ雰囲気下でＬＮＴによって生成させるＮＨ3量が過多になると、ＳＣＲで吸着しきれなかったＮＨ3のスリップを招く可能性がある。また、ＮＨ3スリップを防止するために、ＮＨ3生成時（リッチ雰囲気時）の排気空燃比を浅く設定すると、下流側のＳＣＲに吸着されるＮＨ3量が低下して、ＮＯｘ浄化率の低下を招く可能性もある。 By the way, the NH 3 adsorption capacity of the SCR varies depending on the catalyst temperature or the like. Therefore, if the amount of NH 3 produced by LNT in a rich atmosphere is excessive, there is a possibility of causing NH 3 slip that could not be adsorbed by SCR. Further, in order to prevent NH 3 slip, if the exhaust air-fuel ratio at the time of NH 3 generation (rich atmosphere) is set shallow, the amount of NH 3 adsorbed on the downstream SCR decreases, and the NOx purification rate decreases. May also be incurred.
　本発明の目的は、ＮＯｘ浄化率の向上を図りつつ、ＮＨ3スリップを効果的に抑制することができる排気浄化装置及びその制御方法を提供することにある。 An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust purification device and a control method therefor that can effectively suppress NH 3 slip while improving the NOx purification rate.
　上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、内燃機関の排気通路に排気上流側からＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒とＮＯｘ選択還元触媒とを配置した排気浄化装置であって、リッチ雰囲気下で前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒により生成されるアンモニア生成量を推定する生成量推定手段と、リーン雰囲気下で前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒から前記ＮＯｘ選択還元触媒に流入するＮＯｘを還元するのに必要なアンモニア消費量を推定する消費量推定手段と、前記アンモニア生成量と前記アンモニア消費量との差から前記ＮＯｘ選択還元触媒のアンモニア吸着量を推定する吸着量推定手段と、前記アンモニア吸着量が所定のアンモニア上限吸着量以下となる範囲で排気空燃比をリッチ雰囲気に制御して前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒でアンモニアを生成させるアンモニア生成制御手段とを備えることを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an exhaust purification device in which an NOx storage reduction catalyst and a NOx selective reduction catalyst are arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine from the exhaust upstream side, and the NOx storage reduction catalyst in a rich atmosphere. A production amount estimation means for estimating the ammonia production amount produced by the above-mentioned, and a consumption amount for estimating the ammonia consumption amount required for reducing NOx flowing from the NOx storage reduction catalyst into the NOx selective reduction catalyst in a lean atmosphere An estimation means, an adsorption amount estimation means for estimating an ammonia adsorption amount of the NOx selective reduction catalyst from the difference between the ammonia production amount and the ammonia consumption amount, and a range in which the ammonia adsorption amount is equal to or less than a predetermined ammonia upper limit adsorption amount Ammonia generation control for controlling the exhaust air / fuel ratio to a rich atmosphere and generating ammonia with the NOx storage reduction catalyst Characterized in that it comprises a stage.
　また、前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒のＮＯｘ浄化率に基づいて前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒の劣化度合を演算する劣化度合演算手段と、前記劣化度合に応じて前記アンモニア上限吸着量を上方に補正する補正手段と、をさらに備えてもよい。 A deterioration degree calculating means for calculating the degree of deterioration of the NOx storage reduction catalyst based on the NOx purification rate of the NOx storage reduction catalyst; and a correcting means for correcting the ammonia upper limit adsorption amount upward according to the deterioration degree. , May be further provided.
　また、本発明は、内燃機関の排気通路に排気上流側からＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒とＮＯｘ選択還元触媒とを配置した排気浄化装置の制御方法であって、リッチ雰囲気下で前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒により生成されるアンモニア生成量を推定し、リーン雰囲気下で前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒から前記ＮＯｘ選択還元触媒に流入するＮＯｘを還元するのに必要なアンモニア消費量を推定し、前記アンモニア生成量と前記アンモニア消費量との差から前記ＮＯｘ選択還元触媒のアンモニア吸着量を推定し、前記アンモニア吸着量が所定のアンモニア上限吸着量以下となる範囲で排気空燃比をリッチ雰囲気に制御して前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒でアンモニアを生成させることを特徴とする。 The present invention also relates to an exhaust purification device control method in which a NOx storage reduction catalyst and a NOx selective reduction catalyst are arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine from the exhaust upstream side, and is generated by the NOx storage reduction catalyst in a rich atmosphere. The amount of ammonia produced is estimated, the amount of ammonia consumed to reduce NOx flowing from the NOx storage reduction catalyst into the NOx selective reduction catalyst in a lean atmosphere is estimated, and the amount of ammonia produced and the amount of ammonia consumed The ammonia adsorption amount of the NOx selective reduction catalyst is estimated from the difference from the amount, and the exhaust air-fuel ratio is controlled to a rich atmosphere within a range where the ammonia adsorption amount is not more than a predetermined ammonia upper limit adsorption amount. Ammonia is produced.
　また、前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒のＮＯｘ浄化率に基づいて前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒の劣化度合を演算し、前記劣化度合に応じて前記アンモニア上限吸着量を上方に補正してもよい。 Also, the deterioration degree of the NOx storage reduction catalyst may be calculated based on the NOx purification rate of the NOx storage reduction catalyst, and the ammonia upper limit adsorption amount may be corrected upward according to the deterioration degree.
本実施形態に係る排気浄化装置を示す模式的な全体構成図である。It is a typical whole block diagram which shows the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係る電子制御ユニットを示す機能ブロック図である。It is a functional block diagram which shows the electronic control unit which concerns on this embodiment. 本実施形態に係るＮＨ3生成量マップの一例を示す図である。Is a diagram illustrating an example of the NH 3 generated amount map according to the present embodiment. 本実施形態に係るＮＨ3消費量マップの一例を示す図である。Is a diagram illustrating an example of the NH 3 consumption map according to the present embodiment. 本実施形態に係るＮＨ3吸着可能量マップの一例を示す図である。Is a diagram illustrating an example of the NH 3 adsorption capacity map according to the present embodiment. 本実施形態に係る排気浄化装置及びその制御方法による作用効果を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the effect by the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on this embodiment, and its control method. 他の実施形態に係る排気浄化装置を示す模式的な全体構成図である。It is a typical whole block diagram which shows the exhaust gas purification apparatus which concerns on other embodiment.
　以下、添付図面に基づいて、本発明の一実施形態に係る排気浄化装置及びその制御方法を説明する。同一の部品には同一の符号を付してあり、それらの名称及び機能も同じである。したがって、それらについての詳細な説明は繰返さない。 Hereinafter, an exhaust emission control device and a control method thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their names and functions are also the same. Therefore, detailed description thereof will not be repeated.
　図１に示すように、内燃機関（以下、単にエンジン）１０には、吸気マニホールド１０ａ及び排気マニホールド１０ｂが設けられている。吸気マニホールド１０ａには新気を導入する吸気通路１１が接続され、排気マニホールド１０ｂには排気を導出する排気通路１２が接続されている。また、排気マニホールド１０ｂ及び吸気マニホールド１０ａはＥＧＲ通路２０で連通され、このＥＧＲ通路２０にはＥＧＲクーラ２１及びＥＧＲバルブ２２が設けられている。 As shown in FIG. 1, an internal combustion engine (hereinafter simply referred to as an engine) 10 is provided with an intake manifold 10a and an exhaust manifold 10b. An intake passage 11 for introducing fresh air is connected to the intake manifold 10a, and an exhaust passage 12 for extracting exhaust is connected to the exhaust manifold 10b. Further, the exhaust manifold 10b and the intake manifold 10a communicate with each other through an EGR passage 20, and an EGR cooler 21 and an EGR valve 22 are provided in the EGR passage 20.
　吸気通路１１には、吸気上流側から順に過給機のコンプレッサ１３、インタクーラ１４、吸気スロットルバルブ１５が設けられている。排気通路１２には、排気上流側から順に、過給機のタービン１６、燃料噴射弁１７、空燃比センサ５０、排気後処理装置３０が設けられている。 The intake passage 11 is provided with a turbocharger compressor 13, an intercooler 14, and an intake throttle valve 15 in order from the intake upstream side. The exhaust passage 12 is provided with a turbocharger turbine 16, a fuel injection valve 17, an air-fuel ratio sensor 50, and an exhaust aftertreatment device 30 in order from the exhaust upstream side.
　排気後処理装置３０は、排気上流側から順にＬＮＴ３１、ＳＣＲ３２、ディーゼル・パティキュレイト・フィルタ（以下、ＤＰＦ）３３を配置して構成されている。また、ＬＮＴ３１の入口部には第１排気温度センサ５１が設けられ、ＬＮＴ３１の出口部（ＳＣＲ３２の入口部）にはＮＯｘセンサ５２及び第２排気温度センサ５３がそれぞれ設けられている。 The exhaust aftertreatment device 30 is configured by arranging an LNT 31, an SCR 32, and a diesel particulate filter (hereinafter referred to as DPF) 33 in order from the exhaust upstream side. A first exhaust temperature sensor 51 is provided at the inlet of the LNT 31, and a NOx sensor 52 and a second exhaust temperature sensor 53 are provided at the outlet of the LNT 31 (inlet of the SCR 32).
　ＬＮＴ３１は、例えばセラミックハニカム構造等の担体表面にアルカリ金属や白金等の貴金属を担持して形成されている。このＬＮＴ３１は、リーン雰囲気下で排気中のＮＯｘを吸蔵すると共に、リッチ雰囲気下では吸蔵したＮＯｘを放出する。リッチ雰囲気下で放出されたＮＯｘは、排気中のＨＣやＣＯによって還元浄化される。また、ＬＮＴ３１では、リッチ雰囲気下において排気中の窒素が水素と反応することでＮＨ3が生成される。 The LNT 31 is formed by supporting a noble metal such as an alkali metal or platinum on the surface of a carrier such as a ceramic honeycomb structure. The LNT 31 occludes NOx in the exhaust under a lean atmosphere and releases the occluded NOx under a rich atmosphere. NOx released in a rich atmosphere is reduced and purified by HC and CO in the exhaust. Further, the LNT31, the NH 3 is generated by nitrogen in the exhaust under a rich atmosphere reacts with hydrogen.
　ＳＣＲ３２は、例えばセラミックハニカム構造等の担体表面にゼオライト等を担持して形成されている。このＳＣＲ３２は、リッチ雰囲気下でＬＮＴ３１により生成されるＮＨ3を吸着すると共に、リーン雰囲気下では吸着したＮＨ3を還元剤として排気中からＮＯｘを選択的に還元浄化する。 The SCR 32 is formed by supporting zeolite or the like on the surface of a carrier such as a ceramic honeycomb structure. The SCR 32 adsorbs NH 3 produced by the LNT 31 in a rich atmosphere, and selectively reduces and purifies NOx from the exhaust gas using the adsorbed NH 3 as a reducing agent in a lean atmosphere.
　ＤＰＦ３３は、例えば多孔質性の隔壁で区画された多数のセルを排気流れ方向に沿って配置し、これらセルの上流側と下流側とを交互に目封止して形成されている。ＤＰＦ３３は、排気中のＰＭを隔壁の細孔や表面に捕集すると共に、ＰＭ堆積量が所定量に達すると、これを燃焼除去するいわゆる強制再生が実行される。 The DPF 33 is formed by, for example, arranging a large number of cells partitioned by porous partition walls along the exhaust flow direction and alternately plugging the upstream side and the downstream side of these cells. The DPF 33 collects PM in the exhaust gas in the pores and surfaces of the partition walls, and when the amount of accumulated PM reaches a predetermined amount, so-called forced regeneration is performed to remove the PM.
　電子制御ユニット（以下、ＥＣＵ）４０は、エンジン１０等の各種制御を行うもので、公知のＣＰＵやＲＯＭ、ＲＡＭ、入力ポート、出力ポート等を備えて構成されている。この各種制御を行うために、ＥＣＵ４０には各種センサ類５０～５５のセンサ値が入力される。 The electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as ECU) 40 controls the engine 10 and the like, and includes a known CPU, ROM, RAM, input port, output port, and the like. In order to perform these various controls, the sensor values of the various sensors 50 to 55 are input to the ECU 40.
　また、ＥＣＵ４０は、図２に示すように、ＮＨ3生成量推定部４１と、ＮＨ3消費量推定部４２と、ＮＨ3吸着量推定部４３と、ＮＨ3生成制御部４４と、劣化度合演算部４５と、上限吸着量補正部４６とを一部の機能要素として有する。これら各機能要素は、一体のハードウェアであるＥＣＵ４０に含まれるものとして説明するが、これらのいずれか一部を別体のハードウェアに設けることもできる。 Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the ECU 40 includes an NH 3 generation amount estimation unit 41, an NH 3 consumption amount estimation unit 42, an NH 3 adsorption amount estimation unit 43, an NH 3 generation control unit 44, and a deterioration degree calculation. The unit 45 and the upper limit adsorption amount correction unit 46 are included as some functional elements. Each of these functional elements will be described as being included in the ECU 40 that is an integral piece of hardware, but any one of these may be provided in separate hardware.
　ＮＨ3生成量推定部４１は、詳細を後述するリッチスパイク制御によってＬＮＴ３１で生成されるＮＨ3の累積生成量Ａ1を推定する。より詳しくは、ＥＣＵ４０には、予め実験等により作成した空燃比λとＬＮＴ温度とをパラメータとする図３に示すＮＨ3生成量マップが記憶されている。ＮＨ3累積生成量Ａ1は、リッチスパイク制御の実行期間中にＮＨ3生成量マップから空燃比センサ５０及び第１排気温度センサ５１のセンサ値に対応するＮＨ3生成量を読み取って積算することで推定される。 The NH 3 generation amount estimation unit 41 estimates a cumulative generation amount A 1 of NH 3 generated by the LNT 31 by rich spike control, which will be described in detail later. More specifically, the ECU 40 stores an NH 3 generation amount map shown in FIG. 3 using the air-fuel ratio λ and the LNT temperature created in advance by experiments or the like as parameters. The accumulated NH 3 generation amount A 1 is obtained by reading the NH 3 generation amounts corresponding to the sensor values of the air-fuel ratio sensor 50 and the first exhaust temperature sensor 51 from the NH 3 generation amount map during the execution of the rich spike control, and integrating them. Estimated by
　ＮＨ3消費量推定部４２は、リーン雰囲気下でＬＮＴ３１からＳＣＲ３２に流入するＮＯｘの還元浄化によってＳＣＲ３２で消費されるＮＨ3消費量Ａ2を推定する。より詳しくは、ＥＣＵ４０には、予め実験等により作成したＳＣＲ３２へのＮＯｘ流入量とＮＨ3消費量との関係を規定する図４に示すＮＨ3消費量マップが記憶されている。ＮＨ3消費量Ａ2は、リーン雰囲気下において、ＮＨ3消費量マップからＮＯｘセンサ５２のセンサ値（又は、推定値）に対応する値を読み取って積算することで推定される。 The NH 3 consumption amount estimation unit 42 estimates the NH 3 consumption amount A 2 consumed by the SCR 32 by reducing and purifying NOx flowing from the LNT 31 to the SCR 32 in a lean atmosphere. More specifically, the ECU 40 stores an NH 3 consumption map shown in FIG. 4 that prescribes the relationship between the NOx inflow to the SCR 32 and the NH 3 consumption, which has been created in advance by experiments or the like. The NH 3 consumption A 2 is estimated by reading and integrating a value corresponding to the sensor value (or estimated value) of the NOx sensor 52 from the NH 3 consumption map in a lean atmosphere.
　ＮＨ3吸着量推定部４３は、現在のＳＣＲ３２内のＮＨ3吸着量Ａ3を推定する。このＮＨ3吸着量Ａ3は、ＮＨ3生成量推定部４１で推定されたＮＨ3累積生成量Ａ1からＮＨ3消費量推定部４２で推定されたＮＨ3消費量Ａ2を減算することで得られる（Ａ3＝Ａ1－Ａ2）。 The NH 3 adsorption amount estimation unit 43 estimates the NH 3 adsorption amount A 3 in the current SCR 32. The NH 3 adsorption amount A 3 is obtained by subtracting the NH 3 consumption amount A 2 estimated by the NH 3 consumption amount estimation unit 42 from the NH 3 cumulative production amount A 1 estimated by the NH 3 generation amount estimation unit 41. Is obtained (A 3 = A 1 -A 2 ).
　ＮＨ3生成制御部４４は、排気空燃比を意図的にリッチ雰囲気にすることで、ＬＮＴ３１でＮＨ3を生成させるリッチスパイク制御を実行する。より詳しくは、ＥＣＵ４０には、予め実験等により作成したＳＣＲ３２の触媒温度とＮＨ3吸着量との関係を規定するＮＨ3吸着可能量マップが記憶されている。このＮＨ3吸着可能量マップ上には、ＳＣＲ３２の実際の吸着可能量ＡLよりも十分なマージンを確保した上限吸着量ＡM1が設定されている。リッチスパイク制御は、ＮＨ3吸着量Ａ3が上限吸着量ＡM1以下の範囲内で収まるように（Ａ3≦ＡM1）、排気空燃比を深めなリッチ雰囲気に調整することで実行される。なお、リッチスパイク制御は、例えば、燃料噴射弁１７による排気管内噴射や、エンジン１０のポスト噴射等を用いて行えばよい。 The NH 3 generation control unit 44 executes rich spike control in which the LNT 31 generates NH 3 by intentionally setting the exhaust air-fuel ratio to a rich atmosphere. More specifically, the ECU 40 stores an NH 3 adsorbable amount map that prescribes a relationship between the catalyst temperature of the SCR 32 and the NH 3 adsorption amount, which is created in advance by experiments or the like. This is NH 3 adsorption capacity on map, the upper limit adsorption amount A M1 secured the actual sufficient margin than adsorption capacity A L of SCR32 is set. The rich spike control is executed by adjusting the exhaust air-fuel ratio to a deep rich atmosphere so that the NH 3 adsorption amount A 3 falls within the range of the upper limit adsorption amount A M1 or less (A 3 ≦ A M1 ). The rich spike control may be performed using, for example, in-pipe injection by the fuel injection valve 17, post-injection of the engine 10, or the like.
　劣化度合演算部４５は、熱劣化や経年劣化等によるＬＮＴ３１の劣化度合ＤRを演算する。この劣化度合ＤRは、例えば、エンジン１０の運転状態（エンジン回転数、アクセル開度等）から推定されるエンジン出口ＮＯｘ値とＮＯｘセンサ５２で検出されるＬＮＴ出口ＮＯｘ値との比（現在のＮＯｘ浄化率）を、正常状態（例えば、新品時等）の基準浄化率で除算することで演算される。 Deterioration degree calculation unit 45 calculates the deterioration degree D R of LNT31 due to thermal degradation or aging deterioration. The deterioration degree D R is, for example, the operating state of the engine 10 (engine speed, accelerator opening, etc.) the ratio of the LNT outlet NOx value detected by the engine outlet NOx value and the NOx sensor 52, which is estimated from the (current It is calculated by dividing the NOx purification rate by the reference purification rate in a normal state (for example, when new).
　上限吸着量補正部４６は、ＬＮＴ３１の劣化度合ＤRに応じて、図５に示すＮＨ3吸着可能量マップ上の上限吸着量ＡM1を吸着可能量ＡLよりも低い範囲内で上方に補正する（図５中のＡM2参照）。すなわち、ＬＮＴ３１の劣化が進みＮＯｘスリップ量が増加した場合は、ＮＨ3スリップの防止のために確保したマージン量を減らすことで、ＳＣＲ３２のＮＨ3吸着量を増加させるように構成されている。これにより、ＬＮＴ３１が劣化した際は、ＳＣＲ３２によるＮＯｘ還元割合が増加され、システム全体のＮＯｘ浄化率を効果的に維持することができる。なお、劣化度合ＤRに応じた補正量は、予め実験等により作成したマップや近似式等から求めればよい。 The upper limit adsorption amount correcting unit 46 in accordance with the deterioration degree D R of LNT31, corrected upwards within a range lower than the adsorption capacity A L limit adsorption amount A M1 on NH 3 adsorption capacity map shown in FIG. 5 (See A M2 in FIG. 5). That is, when the deterioration of the LNT 31 progresses and the NOx slip amount increases, the amount of margin secured for preventing NH 3 slip is reduced to increase the NH 3 adsorption amount of the SCR 32. Thereby, when LNT31 deteriorates, the NOx reduction | restoration rate by SCR32 is increased, and the NOx purification rate of the whole system can be maintained effectively. The correction amount corresponding to the degree of deterioration D R may be obtained from a map or approximate expression created in advance through experiments or the like.
　次に、本実施形態に係る排気浄化装置及びその制御方法による作用効果を説明する。 Next, operational effects of the exhaust emission control device and the control method thereof according to the present embodiment will be described.
　本実施形態では、リッチスパイク制御によって排気空燃比を意図的にリッチ雰囲気にすることで、ＬＮＴ３１で生成されるＮＨ3を下流側のＳＣＲに吸着させている。そして、リッチスパイク終了後のリーン運転時はＬＮＴ３１からスリップするＮＯｘをＳＣＲ３２に吸着させたＮＨ3で還元浄化させている。すなわち、図６（ａ）に示すように、リッチ雰囲気下においてＬＮＴ３１で生成されるＮＨ3はＳＣＲ３２に吸着するためＮＨ3スリップが確実に防止され、さらに、図６（ｂ）に示すように、リーン雰囲気下でＬＮＴ３１からスリップするＮＯｘはＳＣＲ３２に吸着させたＮＨ3を還元剤として確実に浄化されるように構成されている。 In the present embodiment, NH 3 produced by the LNT 31 is adsorbed to the downstream SCR by intentionally setting the exhaust air-fuel ratio to a rich atmosphere by rich spike control. During lean operation after the end of rich spike, NOx slipping from the LNT 31 is reduced and purified by NH 3 adsorbed on the SCR 32. That is, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), NH 3 produced by LNT31 in a rich atmosphere is adsorbed by SCR 32, so that NH 3 slip is reliably prevented. Further, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), NOx slipping from the LNT 31 in a lean atmosphere is configured to be reliably purified using NH 3 adsorbed on the SCR 32 as a reducing agent.
　したがって、本実施形態の排気浄化装置及びその制御方法によれば、ＮＨ3スリップを確実に防止しつつ、ＮＯｘ浄化率を効果的に向上させることができる。また、ＮＨ3スリップやＨＣスリップの防止に酸化触媒等を用いる場合に比べて、貴金属を使用しないＳＣＲ３２を用いることで、装置全体のコストを効果的に抑えることもできる。また、ＬＮＴ３１のＮＯｘ浄化率が熱劣化や経年劣化等によって低下した場合は、ＳＣＲ３２へのＮＨ3吸着量を増加させるため、システム全体としてのＮＯｘ浄化率を効果的に維持することができる。その結果、ＬＮＴ３１の使用可能期間を延ばすこが可能となり、システム全体の耐久性及びメンテナンス性の向上を図ることができる。 Therefore, according to the exhaust purification device and the control method thereof of the present embodiment, it is possible to effectively improve the NOx purification rate while reliably preventing NH 3 slip. In addition, the cost of the entire apparatus can be effectively reduced by using the SCR 32 that does not use a noble metal as compared with the case where an oxidation catalyst or the like is used to prevent NH 3 slip or HC slip. Further, when the NOx purification rate of the LNT 31 is reduced due to thermal degradation, aging degradation, or the like, the amount of NH 3 adsorbed on the SCR 32 is increased, so that the NOx purification rate of the entire system can be effectively maintained. As a result, the usable period of the LNT 31 can be extended, and the durability and maintainability of the entire system can be improved.
　なお、本発明は、上述の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない範囲で、適宜変形して実施することが可能である。 It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be appropriately modified and implemented without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
　例えば、ＳＣＲ３２及びＤＰＦ３３は別体に設ける必要はなく、図７に示すように、ＳＣＲをＤＰＦ担体にコートしたＳＣＲＦ３４として一体に設けることも可能である。このように構成することで、装置全体の省スペース化を図ることができる。 For example, the SCR 32 and the DPF 33 do not need to be provided separately, and as shown in FIG. With this configuration, it is possible to save the space of the entire apparatus.

Claims (4)

  1. 　内燃機関の排気通路に排気上流側からＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒とＮＯｘ選択還元触媒とを配置した排気浄化装置であって、
    　リッチ雰囲気下で前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒により生成されるアンモニア生成量を推定する生成量推定手段と、
    　リーン雰囲気下で前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒から前記ＮＯｘ選択還元触媒に流入するＮＯｘを還元するのに必要なアンモニア消費量を推定する消費量推定手段と、
    　前記アンモニア生成量と前記アンモニア消費量との差から前記ＮＯｘ選択還元触媒のアンモニア吸着量を推定する吸着量推定手段と、
    　前記アンモニア吸着量が所定のアンモニア上限吸着量以下となる範囲で排気空燃比をリッチ雰囲気に制御して前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒でアンモニアを生成させるアンモニア生成制御手段と、を備える
    　ことを特徴とする排気浄化装置。     An exhaust purification device in which a NOx storage reduction catalyst and a NOx selective reduction catalyst are arranged in the exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine from the exhaust upstream side,
    A production amount estimation means for estimating an ammonia production amount produced by the NOx storage reduction catalyst in a rich atmosphere;
    Consumption estimation means for estimating the ammonia consumption required to reduce NOx flowing from the NOx occlusion reduction catalyst into the NOx selective reduction catalyst under a lean atmosphere;
    An adsorption amount estimating means for estimating an ammonia adsorption amount of the NOx selective reduction catalyst from a difference between the ammonia generation amount and the ammonia consumption amount;
    And an ammonia generation control means for controlling the exhaust air-fuel ratio to a rich atmosphere within a range where the ammonia adsorption amount is equal to or less than a predetermined ammonia upper limit adsorption amount and generating ammonia by the NOx storage reduction catalyst. Purification equipment.
  2. 　前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒のＮＯｘ浄化率に基づいて前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒の劣化度合を演算する劣化度合演算手段と、
    　前記劣化度合に応じて前記アンモニア上限吸着量を上方に補正する補正手段と、をさらに備える
    　請求項１に記載の排気浄化装置。     A deterioration degree calculating means for calculating a deterioration degree of the NOx storage reduction catalyst based on a NOx purification rate of the NOx storage reduction catalyst;
    The exhaust emission control device according to claim 1, further comprising correction means for correcting the ammonia upper limit adsorption amount upward according to the degree of deterioration.
  3. 　内燃機関の排気通路に排気上流側からＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒とＮＯｘ選択還元触媒とを配置した排気浄化装置の制御方法であって、
    　リッチ雰囲気下で前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒により生成されるアンモニア生成量を推定し、
    　リーン雰囲気下で前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒から前記ＮＯｘ選択還元触媒に流入するＮＯｘを還元するのに必要なアンモニア消費量を推定し、
    　前記アンモニア生成量と前記アンモニア消費量との差から前記ＮＯｘ選択還元触媒のアンモニア吸着量を推定し、
    　前記アンモニア吸着量が所定のアンモニア上限吸着量以下となる範囲で排気空燃比をリッチ雰囲気に制御して前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒でアンモニアを生成させる
    　ことを特徴とする排気浄化装置の制御方法。     A control method for an exhaust gas purification apparatus in which an NOx storage reduction catalyst and a NOx selective reduction catalyst are arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine from the exhaust upstream side,
    Estimating the amount of ammonia produced by the NOx storage reduction catalyst in a rich atmosphere,
    Estimating an ammonia consumption amount required to reduce NOx flowing into the NOx selective reduction catalyst from the NOx occlusion reduction catalyst in a lean atmosphere;
    From the difference between the ammonia production amount and the ammonia consumption amount, the ammonia adsorption amount of the NOx selective reduction catalyst is estimated,
    A method for controlling an exhaust purification apparatus, comprising controlling the exhaust air-fuel ratio to a rich atmosphere within a range where the ammonia adsorption amount is equal to or less than a predetermined ammonia upper limit adsorption amount, and generating ammonia with the NOx storage reduction catalyst.
  4. 　前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒のＮＯｘ浄化率に基づいて前記ＮＯｘ吸蔵還元触媒の劣化度合を演算し、
    　前記劣化度合に応じて前記アンモニア上限吸着量を上方に補正する
    　請求項３に記載の排気浄化装置の制御方法。     Calculating the degree of deterioration of the NOx storage reduction catalyst based on the NOx purification rate of the NOx storage reduction catalyst;
    The control method of the exhaust emission control device according to claim 3, wherein the ammonia upper limit adsorption amount is corrected upward according to the degree of deterioration.
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