WO2015113246A1

WO2015113246A1 - Device for coupling laser and optical fiber and optical signal transmission system and method

Info

Publication number: WO2015113246A1
Application number: PCT/CN2014/071752
Authority: WO
Inventors: 张灿
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2014-01-29
Filing date: 2014-01-29
Publication date: 2015-08-06
Also published as: JP2017504839A; EP3093696B1; EP3336590B1; US20160334589A1; EP3093696A1; EP3093696A4; CN105359017A; US9851514B2; CN105359017B; EP3336590A1

Abstract

A device for coupling a laser and an optical fiber and an optical signal transmission system and method. A coupling device is arranged between the laser and the optical fiber. The coupling device comprises an optical signal transmission component with a graded internal refractive index. The closer to the central axis, the larger the refractive index of the optical signal transmission component. The optical signal transmission component can be used to shape an optical signal (comprising converging and diverging the optical signal) incident from the laser, so that the mode field radius of the shaped optical signal is identical to the core diameter of the optical fiber, and the shaped optical signal can be efficiently coupled into the optical fiber.

Description

激光器和光纤的耦合装置、光信号传输***和传输方法技术领域 Laser and optical fiber coupling device, optical signal transmission system and transmission method

本发明涉及光信号领域，尤其涉及一种激光器和光纤的耦合装置、光信号传输***和传输方法。背景技术 The present invention relates to the field of optical signals, and more particularly to a coupling device for a laser and an optical fiber, an optical signal transmission system, and a transmission method. Background technique

随着大规模集成电路的发展，电路中元器件的密集度和运行速度迅速提高，传统的基于电互连的通信方式遭遇到了发展瓶颈，这是因为：由于电互连的连接尺寸非常小，导致电互连的延迟大于元器件的运行速度，影响元器件的正常运行，同时元器件布线的密集度高也带来了严重的寄生效应以及串扰和较大的功率消耗。 With the development of large-scale integrated circuits, the density and speed of components in the circuit are rapidly increasing. The traditional communication method based on electrical interconnection has encountered a development bottleneck because: Because the connection size of the electrical interconnection is very small, The delay of the electrical interconnection is greater than the operating speed of the component, affecting the normal operation of the component, and the high concentration of component wiring also brings serious parasitic effects as well as crosstalk and large power consumption.

由于电互连具有上述缺陷，因此，光互连由于其延迟低、电磁兼容性好、功耗小、带宽大等优点，已经成为解决电互连缺陷的关键技术。如图 1所示，为一种典型的基于光互连技术的光信号传输示意图，从图 1 中可以看出，为了使电信号从元器件 A传输至元器件 B , 将电信号通过调制加载在光波上形成光信号，然后再将形成的光信号通过光纤进行传输，接着再由探测器接收光信号，进行信号转换、解调等操作，最后得到源电信号并传输给元器件 B , 完成整个传输过程。 Since the electrical interconnection has the above defects, the optical interconnection has become a key technology for solving electrical interconnection defects due to its advantages of low delay, good electromagnetic compatibility, low power consumption, and large bandwidth. As shown in Figure 1, a typical optical signal transmission based on optical interconnect technology, as can be seen from Figure 1, in order to transfer electrical signals from component A to component B, the electrical signal is loaded by modulation. Forming an optical signal on the light wave, and then transmitting the formed optical signal through the optical fiber, and then receiving the optical signal by the detector, performing signal conversion, demodulation, etc., finally obtaining the source electrical signal and transmitting it to the component B, completing The entire transfer process.

在图 1 所示的光信号传输过程中，一个非常重要的部分就是用于加载电信号的光源，目前所使用的光源是激光器发射的激光。一般所使用的激光器有边发射激光器（如分布式反馈 (Distributed Feedback, DFB)激光器）和面发射激光器（如垂直腔面发射激光器（ Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser, VCSED ), 与边发射激光器相比，面发射激光器具有以下优势而有着巨大的应用场景：（1 )、面发射激光器可直调，调制效率高且阔值电流小；（2 )、温漂小，无需热电制冷；（3 )、电光转换率高，功耗小。 In the optical signal transmission process shown in Figure 1, a very important part is the light source used to load the electrical signal. The current light source used is the laser light emitted by the laser. Generally used lasers have edge-emitting lasers (such as Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers) and surface-emitting lasers (such as Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSED), compared to edge-emitting lasers. The surface emitting laser has the following advantages and has a huge application scenario: (1), the surface emitting laser can be directly adjusted, the modulation efficiency is high and the threshold current is small; (2), the temperature drift is small, no thermoelectric refrigeration is needed; (3), electro-optic High conversion rate and low power consumption.

在图 1 所示的光信号传输过程中，激光器的出射光需耦合进入光纤的芯径，例如，在使用的激光器为 VCSEL, 光纤为单模光纤时， VCSEL的出射光需耦合进入单模光纤的芯径，但是， VCSEL出射光的模场直径（MFD, Mode Field Diameter, 即光信号的横模模场所占据的最大的面积相对应的直径）在几十到一百微米（如 50μπι~100 μπι ), 而单模光纤的芯径直径在 6 μπι~10 μπι, 如图 2所示，两者之间存在严重的模场失配，导致 VCSEL的出射光与单模光纤的耦合率很低。 In the optical signal transmission process shown in Figure 1, the outgoing light of the laser needs to be coupled into the core of the optical fiber. For example, when the laser used is a VCSEL and the fiber is a single mode fiber, the outgoing light of the VCSEL needs to be coupled into the core diameter of the single mode fiber. However, the Mode Field Diameter (MFD) of the VCSEL emits light. The transverse area of the signal occupies the largest area corresponding to the diameter of the tens to hundreds of micrometers (such as 50μπι~100 μπι), while the core diameter of the single-mode fiber is 6 μπι~10 μπι, as shown in Figure 2. It is shown that there is a serious mode mismatch between the two, resulting in a low coupling rate between the VCSEL's outgoing light and the single mode fiber.

除了 VCSEL与单模光纤之间存在模场失配的问题，其他类型的激光器与单模光纤（或多模光纤）之间也可能存在模场失配的问题（包括激光器出射光的模场直径远大于光纤的芯径直径，或远小于光纤的芯径直径），因此，需要有合适的方式对激光器出射的光信号进行整形，使得整形后的光信号的光斑直径与光纤的芯径直径相契合，光信号能够高效耦合进光纤中。发明内容 In addition to the problem of mode field mismatch between VCSEL and single mode fiber, there may be a problem of mode field mismatch between other types of lasers and single mode fiber (or multimode fiber) (including the mode field diameter of the laser exiting light). It is much larger than the diameter of the core of the fiber, or much smaller than the diameter of the core of the fiber. Therefore, it is necessary to shape the optical signal emitted by the laser in such a way that the spot diameter of the shaped optical signal is equal to the core diameter of the fiber. In accordance with this, the optical signal can be efficiently coupled into the fiber. Summary of the invention

本发明实施例提供了一种激光器和光纤的耦合装置、光信号传输***和传输方法，用以解决入射至光纤的光信号直径与光纤的芯径直径不契合的问题。 Embodiments of the present invention provide a coupling device, an optical signal transmission system, and a transmission method for a laser and an optical fiber, which are used to solve the problem that the diameter of the optical signal incident on the optical fiber does not coincide with the diameter of the core diameter of the optical fiber.

第一方面，提供了一种激光器和光纤的耦合装置，包括： In a first aspect, a coupling device for a laser and an optical fiber is provided, including:

光信号传输部件，所述光信号传输部件两端分别包含用于与激光器耦合的激光器固定部件和用于与光纤耦合的光纤固定部件； An optical signal transmission component, the optical signal transmission component having a laser fixing component coupled to the laser and a fiber fixing component for coupling with the optical fiber, respectively;

所述光信号传输部件的折射率渐变，越靠近中心轴线处的折射率越大，用于对耦合在所述激光器固定部件上的激光器入射的光信号进行汇聚或发散后，出射进入耦合在所述光纤固定部件上的光纤。 The refractive index of the optical signal transmission component is gradually changed, and the refractive index is closer to the central axis, and the optical signal incident on the laser coupled to the laser fixing component is concentrated or diverged, and then exits into the coupling. The fiber on the fiber fixing component.

结合第一方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述光纤固定部件外表面的折射率与用于包裹光纤的光纤包层的折射率之差小于阔值。 In combination with the first aspect, in a first possible implementation, the difference between the refractive index of the outer surface of the fiber fixing member and the refractive index of the fiber cladding for wrapping the optical fiber is less than a threshold.

结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，所述光信号传输部件包括：第一子部件和第二子部件，其中： In conjunction with the first aspect or the first possible implementation of the first aspect, the optical signal transmission component comprises: a first subcomponent and a second subcomponent, wherein:

所述第一子部件被包裹在所述第二子部件内；所述第一子部件的横截面半径逐渐变化，且任一横截面中越靠近圓心的位置折射率越大；所述第二子部件的折射率恒定。 The first subcomponent is wrapped within the second subcomponent; The cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component gradually changes, and the refractive index at a position closer to the center of the cross-section is larger; the refractive index of the second sub-component is constant.

结合第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，当所述第一子部件在光信号传输方向上的横截面半径逐渐变小，则所述第一子部件用于对光信号进行汇聚； In conjunction with the second possible implementation of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation, when the cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component in the optical signal transmission direction is gradually smaller, the first sub- The component is used to concentrate the optical signal;

当所述第一子部件在光信号传输方向上的横截面半径逐渐变大，则所述第一子部件用于对光信号进行发散。 When the cross-sectional radius of the first sub-assembly in the optical signal transmission direction gradually becomes larger, the first sub-component is used to diverge the optical signal.

结合第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述第一子部件在光信号出射位置的横截面半径与光信号从第一子部件出射时的模场半径之间的关系为：

In conjunction with the third possible implementation of the first aspect, in a fourth possible implementation, the cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component at the exit position of the optical signal and the mode when the optical signal is emitted from the first sub-component The relationship between field radii is:

其中： α为第一子部件中任一横截面半径；为光信号在所述 α对应的横截面处的模场半径； k。 = , 所述 Λ为用于调制光信号的光源在真空中的波长；为所述第一子部件中心轴线处的折射率； Δ = ¾^，所述《₂为所述第二子部件的折射率。 Where: α is the radius of any cross-section in the first sub-component; is the mode field radius of the optical signal at the cross-section corresponding to the α; k. =, the Λ is the wavelength of the light source for modulating the optical signal in vacuum; is the refractive index at the central axis of the first sub-assembly; Δ = 3⁄4^, the _second is the second sub-component Refractive index.

结合第一方面或第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第五种可能的实现方式中，所述光信号传输部件包括：第三子部件和第四子部件，其中：所述第四子部件在所述第三子部件的光信号出射位置处与所述第三子部件连接； With reference to the first aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fifth possible implementation, the optical signal transmission component includes: a third subcomponent and a fourth subcomponent, where: a fourth sub-assembly connected to the third sub-assembly at an optical signal exiting position of the third sub-assembly;

所述第三子部件任一横截面中越靠近圓心的位置折射率越大，所述第四子部件的折射率恒定，且所述第四子部件的折射率与所述第三子部件中心轴线处的折射率相同。 The refractive index of the fourth sub-component is closer to the center of the circle in any cross section, the refractive index of the fourth sub-component is constant, and the refractive index of the fourth sub-component and the central axis of the third sub-component The refractive index is the same.

结合第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式，在第六种可能的实现方式中，若所述第三子部件的长度大于门限值，则所述第三子部件用于对光信号进行汇聚，且第三子部件的长度越长，对光信号的汇聚程度越高；若所述第三子部件的长度小于所述门限值，则所述第三子部件用于对光信号进行发散，且第三子部件的长度越短，对光信号的发散程度越高。 In conjunction with the fifth possible implementation of the first aspect, in a sixth possible implementation, if the length of the third sub-component is greater than a threshold, the third sub-component is configured to perform optical signals Converging, and the longer the length of the third sub-component, the higher the convergence of the optical signal; If the length of the third sub-component is less than the threshold, the third sub-component is used to diverge the optical signal, and the shorter the length of the third sub-component, the higher the divergence of the optical signal.

结合第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式，在第七种可能的实现方式中，所述第三子部件的长度与光信号从第四子部件出射时的模场半径之间的关系为： With reference to the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in a seventh possible implementation manner, a relationship between a length of the third sub-component and a mode field radius when the optical signal is emitted from the fourth sub-component is :

^[sin²(^ ) + (— )² cos²(^A)]^/2 其中， A为所述第一子部件的长度；为光信号从第一子部件出射时的模场半径； ^为光信号入射至第一子部件时的模场半径； ^^ ^，所述^ ^ ,^[sin ² (^ ) + (— ) ² cos ² (^A)] ^/2 where A is the length of the first sub-component; the mode field radius when the optical signal is emitted from the first sub-component; ^ The mode field radius when the optical signal is incident on the first sub-component; ^^ ^, the ^ ^ ,

0 n₂ 所述 1。为用于调制光信号的光源在真空中的波长， n₂为所述第一子部件中心轴线处的折射率； g为聚焦参数。 0 n ₂ said 1. The wavelength of the light source used to modulate the optical signal in vacuum, n ₂ is the refractive index at the central axis of the first sub-component; g is the focusing parameter.

第二方面，提供了一种光信号的传输***，所述***包括激光器、光纤和所述的激光器和光纤的耦合装置； In a second aspect, an optical signal transmission system is provided, the system comprising a laser, an optical fiber, and the coupling device of the laser and the optical fiber;

所述激光器和光纤分别通过所述耦合装置中的激光器固定部件和光纤固定部件与所述耦合装置耦合； The laser and the optical fiber are coupled to the coupling device through a laser fixing member and a fiber fixing member in the coupling device, respectively;

激光器发出的光信号经所述耦合装置中的折射率渐变的光信号传输部件对所述光信号进行汇聚或发散后，出射的光信号进入所述光纤。 After the optical signal emitted by the laser converges or diverges the optical signal through the refractive index-grading optical signal transmitting unit in the coupling device, the outgoing optical signal enters the optical fiber.

结合第二方面，在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述光纤尾端通过胶固定在光纤固定部件内。 In conjunction with the second aspect, in a first possible implementation, the fiber end is fixed in the fiber fixing component by glue.

结合第二方面或第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，光纤尾端为呈设定角度的切面，使得进入光纤的光信号经所述切面反射后，光信号在光纤中沿光纤的芯径传输。 With reference to the second aspect or the first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, in a second possible implementation manner, the optical fiber tail end is a cut surface at a set angle, so that the optical signal entering the optical fiber is reflected by the cut surface The optical signal is transmitted along the core diameter of the optical fiber in the optical fiber.

结合第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述光纤尾端的切面覆盖有用于减小光信号泄露的反射层。 In conjunction with the second possible implementation of the second aspect, in a third possible implementation, the cut end of the fiber end is covered with a reflective layer for reducing optical signal leakage.

结合第二方面，在第四种可能的实现方式中，在所述耦合装置中的光信号传输部件包括第一子部件和包裹所述第一子部件的第二子部件，且所述第一子部件的横截面半径逐渐变化，任一横截面中越靠近圓心的位置折射率越大，所述第二子部件的折射率恒定时，通过缩小所述第一子部件在光信号出射位置的横截面半径来汇聚所述光信号，使得经所述耦合装置后出射的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径之差小于设定门限值；或者 With reference to the second aspect, in a fourth possible implementation, the optical signal transmission component in the coupling device includes a first subcomponent and a second subcomponent enclosing the first subcomponent, and the The cross-sectional radius of a sub-component gradually changes, the refractive index of the position closer to the center of the cross-section is larger, and the refractive index of the second sub-component is constant, by reducing the position of the first sub-component at the exit position of the optical signal. The cross-sectional radius is used to converge the optical signal such that a difference between a mode field radius of the optical signal exiting the coupling device and a core radius of the optical fiber is less than a set threshold; or

在所述耦合装置中的光信号传输部件包括第三子部件和在所述第三子部件的光信号出射位置处与所述第三子部件耦合的第四子部件，且所述第三子部件任一横截面中越靠近圓心的位置折射率越大，所述第四子部件的折射率恒定，所述第四子部件的折射率与所述第三子部件中心轴线处的折射率相同时，通过增大所述第三子部件的长度来汇聚所述光信号，使得经所述耦合装置后出射的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径之差小于设定门限值。 An optical signal transmitting component in the coupling device includes a third subcomponent and a fourth subcomponent coupled to the third subcomponent at an optical signal exiting position of the third subcomponent, and the third sub The refractive index of the fourth sub-component is constant when the refractive index of the fourth sub-component is constant, and the refractive index of the fourth sub-component is the same as the refractive index at the central axis of the third sub-component. And concentrating the optical signal by increasing a length of the third sub-component such that a difference between a mode field radius of the optical signal emitted after the coupling device and a core radius of the optical fiber is less than a set threshold.

第三方面，提供了一种光信号传输的方法，所述方法包括： In a third aspect, a method for optical signal transmission is provided, the method comprising:

与激光器和光纤的耦合装置进行耦合的激光器出射的光信号进入所述耦合装置； An optical signal emitted by a laser coupled to a coupling device of the laser and the optical fiber enters the coupling device;

光信号在所述耦合装置中的折射率渐变的光信号传输部件内传输时，光信号受到汇聚或发散； The optical signal is concentrated or diverged when the optical signal is transmitted within the optical signal transmission component of the refractive index gradient in the coupling device;

汇聚或发散后的光信号从所述耦合装置出射至与所述耦合装置进行耦合的光纤中。 The concentrated or diverged optical signal is emitted from the coupling device into an optical fiber coupled to the coupling device.

本发明有益效果如下： The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

本发明实施例在激光器和光纤之间设置一个激光器和光纤的耦合装置，该耦合装置包含内部折射率渐变的光信号传输部件，且光信号传输部件越靠近中心轴线处的折射率越大，可用于对激光器入射的光信号进行整形（包括光信号的汇聚或发散），使得整形后的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径相契合，整形后的光信号能够高效耦合进入光纤。附图说明 In the embodiment of the present invention, a laser and optical fiber coupling device is disposed between the laser and the optical fiber, and the coupling device includes an optical signal transmission component with an internal refractive index gradation, and the refractive index of the optical signal transmission component is closer to the central axis, and the available The optical signal incident on the laser is shaped (including the convergence or divergence of the optical signal), so that the mode field radius of the shaped optical signal is matched with the core radius of the optical fiber, and the shaped optical signal can be efficiently coupled into the optical fiber. DRAWINGS

为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简要介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。 In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only the present invention. For some embodiments of the present invention, other drawings may be obtained from those skilled in the art without any inventive labor.

图 1为背景技术中基于光互连技术的光信号传输示意图； 1 is a schematic diagram of optical signal transmission based on optical interconnection technology in the background art;

图 2为背景技术中 VCSEL出射光的模场与单模光纤的芯径直接出现模场失配的示意图； 2 is a schematic diagram showing a mode field mismatch of a mode field of a VCSEL emerging light and a core diameter of a single mode fiber in the background art;

图 3为本发明实施例一中激光器和光纤的耦合装置的结构示意图；图 4为本发明实施例一中内 -外型光信号传输部件的结构示意图；图 5为本发明实施例一中上-下型光信号传输部件的结构示意图；图 6为本发明实施例二中传输***的结构示意图； 3 is a schematic structural view of a coupling device for a laser and an optical fiber according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an internal-external optical signal transmission component according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; - a schematic structural diagram of a lower-type optical signal transmission component; FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

图 7为本发明实施例三中传输方法的步骤流程示意图； 7 is a schematic flowchart of steps of a transmission method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

图 8为本发明实施例三中传输方法应用场景示意图。具体实施方式 FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of a transmission method according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. detailed description

为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步地详细描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部份实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。 The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. . All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts are within the scope of the present invention.

本发明实施例描述了一种激光器和光纤的耦合装置，所述耦合装置对激光器入射的光信号进行整形，即对光信号进行汇聚或发散，使得整形后的光信号的模场直径与光纤的芯径直径相契合，光信号可以高效地耦合进光纤中。 Embodiments of the present invention describe a coupling device for a laser and an optical fiber. The coupling device shapes an optical signal incident on the laser, that is, converges or diverges the optical signal, so that the mode field diameter of the shaped optical signal and the optical fiber are The diameter of the core is matched and the optical signal can be efficiently coupled into the fiber.

下面通过具体实施例对本发明方案中的激光器和光纤的耦合装置以及利用该耦合装置进行光信号传输的传输***和传输方法，当然，本发明方案并不限于以下实施例。 The coupling device of the laser and the optical fiber in the solution of the present invention and the transmission system and transmission method for optical signal transmission using the coupling device will be hereinafter described by way of specific embodiments. Of course, the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

实施例一： Embodiment 1:

本发明实施例一描述了一种激光器和光纤的耦合装置，图 3 所示，所述耦合装置包括光信号传输部件，所述光信号传输部件的两端分别包含用于与激光器耦合的激光器固定部件和用于与光纤耦合的光纤固定部件，所述激光器固定部件与激光器耦合是指：激光器与激光器固定部件之间相互配合，激光器向激光器固定部件发射光信号；所述光纤固定部件与光纤耦合是指：光纤固定部件与光纤之间相互配合，光信号从光纤固定部件出射进入光纤。 A first embodiment of the present invention describes a coupling device for a laser and an optical fiber. As shown in FIG. 3, the coupling device includes an optical signal transmission component, and two ends of the optical signal transmission component are respectively included for a laser-coupled laser fixing member and a fiber fixing member for coupling with the optical fiber, wherein the laser fixing member is coupled to the laser means: a laser and a laser fixing member cooperate with each other, and the laser emits an optical signal to the laser fixing member; The coupling of the fixed component and the optical fiber means that: the optical fiber fixing component and the optical fiber cooperate with each other, and the optical signal is emitted from the optical fiber fixing component into the optical fiber.

对本实施例一中的耦合装置进行详细描述如下： The coupling device in the first embodiment is described in detail as follows:

所述光信号传输部件是一个内部折射率渐变的部件，越靠近中心轴线处的折射率越大，通过对光信号传输部件的尺寸设计，使得光信号传输部件能够对激光器入射的光信号进行整形（包括光信号的汇聚或发散），使得整形后的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径相契合，光信号能够高效耦合进入光纤。 The optical signal transmission component is an internal refractive index grading component, and the refractive index closer to the central axis is larger, and the optical signal transmission component is capable of shaping the optical signal incident on the laser by designing the optical signal transmission component. (including the convergence or divergence of the optical signal), so that the mode field radius of the shaped optical signal is matched with the core radius of the optical fiber, and the optical signal can be efficiently coupled into the optical fiber.

优选地，所述光信号传输部件的中心轴线处的折射率可设计成与光纤包层折射率之差小于阔值的情况，也就是将光信号传输部件的中心轴线处的折射率设计得与光纤包层的折射率相同或尽可能接近，这样做的好处是：当经过光信号传输部件整形后的光信号进入光纤时，界面处的反射被减少到最小，从而可提高光信号进入光纤的耦合率。所述光纤包层是用于包裹光纤的外层部分，可对纤芯进行保护。 Preferably, the refractive index at the central axis of the optical signal transmission component can be designed such that the difference from the refractive index of the optical fiber cladding is less than a threshold, that is, the refractive index at the central axis of the optical signal transmission component is designed to be The refractive index of the fiber cladding is the same or as close as possible. The advantage of this is that when the optical signal shaped by the optical signal transmission component enters the optical fiber, the reflection at the interface is minimized, thereby improving the optical signal entering the optical fiber. Coupling rate. The fiber cladding is used to wrap the outer portion of the fiber to protect the core.

由于所述光信号传输部件能够对入射的光信号进行汇聚或发散，亦即从光信号传输部件出射的光信号的模场半径可根据光信号传输部件的尺寸设计而定，因此，针对某一类型的激光机和光纤进行光信号传输时，在选择的耦合装置内部的光信号传输部件的尺寸合适时，就可以对激光机出射光信号的模场半径进行整形，使得最终进入光纤的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径相契合，避免两者之间出现严重的模场失配问题。 Since the optical signal transmission component is capable of concentrating or diverging the incident optical signal, that is, the mode field radius of the optical signal emitted from the optical signal transmission component may be determined according to the size of the optical signal transmission component, and therefore, When the type of laser machine and optical fiber are used for optical signal transmission, when the size of the optical signal transmission component inside the selected coupling device is appropriate, the mode field radius of the optical signal emitted by the laser machine can be shaped to make the optical signal finally entering the optical fiber. The mode field radius is matched with the core diameter of the fiber to avoid serious mode mismatch between the two.

图 3 所示的耦合装置是以长方体形状为例来描述的，除此以外，所述耦合装置也可以根据实际应用场景的不同而釆用其他形状，如圓柱形、球形、椭球形等，本发明实施例并不对耦合装置的外观形状做限定。 The coupling device shown in FIG. 3 is described by taking a rectangular parallelepiped shape as an example. In addition, the coupling device may also adopt other shapes, such as a cylindrical shape, a spherical shape, an ellipsoid shape, etc., depending on the actual application scenario. The embodiment of the invention does not limit the appearance of the coupling device.

优选地，所述激光器固定部件和光纤固定部件分别位于光信号传输部件的两端，可以竖直设计，也可以横向设计，只要与激光器固定部件耦合的激光器入射的光信号通过所述耦合装置后能够出射进入与所述光纤固定部件耦合的光纤即可。 Preferably, the laser fixing component and the fiber fixing component are respectively located at two ends of the optical signal transmission component, and may be vertically designed or laterally designed as long as they are coupled with the laser fixing component. The optical signal incident by the optical device can pass through the coupling device and can exit into the optical fiber coupled to the optical fiber fixing member.

优选地，所述激光器固定部件可以是诸如插槽、挂钩等，能够将激光器与所述激光器固定部件耦合在一起，使得激光器入射的光信号进入所述耦合装置的位置固定。 Preferably, the laser fixing member may be, for example, a socket, a hook or the like, capable of coupling the laser with the laser fixing member such that the optical signal incident by the laser enters the position of the coupling device.

优选地，所述光纤固定部件可以是呈球形、椭球形或 V字形的凹槽，使用胶将光纤固定在所述 IHJ槽内，实现光纤固定部件与光纤之间的耦合。所述凹槽可以如图 3 所示呈水平方向，也可以才艮据实际的应用场景呈与水平方向一定角度。通过光纤固定部件可以将光纤与耦合装置耦合在一起，使得从耦合装置出射的光信号在固定位置进入光纤。 Preferably, the fiber fixing member may be a spherical, ellipsoidal or V-shaped groove, and the optical fiber is fixed in the IHJ groove by using glue to realize coupling between the optical fiber fixing member and the optical fiber. The groove may be horizontal as shown in Fig. 3, or may be at an angle to the horizontal direction according to the actual application scenario. The fiber is coupled to the coupling device by the fiber optic mounting member such that the optical signal emerging from the coupling device enters the fiber at a fixed location.

由于激光器和光纤都与光信号传输部件耦合在一起，因此，只要在固定激光器和光纤时进行一次位置对准，就可确保激光器发出的光信号经耦合装置后能够准确进入光纤的芯径，而不必每次需要进行光信号传输时做现场的实时对准。由于通信波段是无法用肉眼识别，需特殊对准设备，因此，通过激光器固定部件和光纤固定部件就可大大简化对准过程，也减少了多次对准过程受周围环境影响带来的误差；另外，如果后续还需对激光器、耦合装置和光纤进行封装的话，将激光器、耦合装置和光纤固定在一起的方式也可以有效降低封装难度和集成成本，提高应用的可靠性。 Since both the laser and the optical fiber are coupled to the optical signal transmission component, as long as the positional alignment is performed while the laser and the optical fiber are fixed, it is ensured that the optical signal emitted by the laser can accurately enter the core diameter of the optical fiber through the coupling device. It is not necessary to do real-time alignment in the field each time an optical signal transmission is required. Since the communication band cannot be recognized by the naked eye, special alignment equipment is required. Therefore, the laser fixing component and the fiber fixing component can greatly simplify the alignment process, and also reduce the error caused by the surrounding environment caused by multiple alignment processes; In addition, if the laser, the coupling device and the optical fiber need to be packaged later, the way of fixing the laser, the coupling device and the optical fiber together can also reduce the packaging difficulty and the integration cost, and improve the reliability of the application.

优选地，可以将述光纤固定部件外表面的折射率设计为与光纤包层的折射率之差小于阔值的情况，亦即光纤固定部件外表面的折射率与光纤包层的折射率相同或尽可能接近，这样做的好处是：由于所述光纤固定部件外表面 (即凹槽外表面）与光纤相接触，因此，当光信号传输至光纤固定部件表面时，如果光纤固定部件外表面的折射率与接触的光纤包层的折射率相同或接近的话，可緩解在交界处因菲涅尔反射对耦合率造成的不利影响。 Preferably, the refractive index of the outer surface of the optical fiber fixing member may be designed to be smaller than the refractive index difference of the optical fiber cladding layer, that is, the refractive index of the outer surface of the optical fiber fixing member is the same as the refractive index of the optical fiber cladding layer or As close as possible, the advantage of this is: Since the outer surface of the fiber fixing member (ie, the outer surface of the groove) is in contact with the optical fiber, when the optical signal is transmitted to the surface of the optical fiber fixing member, if the outer surface of the optical fiber fixing member The refractive index is the same or close to the refractive index of the contacted fiber cladding, which mitigates the adverse effects of Fresnel reflection on the coupling ratio at the interface.

优选地，所述耦合装置可以使用有助于激光器芯片散热的材料制备，如二氧化硅、氮化硅、氮氧化硅以及其他高分子材料或聚合物材料，本发明实施例并不对耦合装置实际所釆用的制备材料所限定。优选地，在制备耦合装置时，既可借鉴已有的渐变型光纤的制备方式（如预制棒法、直接共挤法）来制备折射率渐变的耦合装置，也可釆用离子交换工艺或气相沉积法来制备，本发明实施例并不对耦合装置的制备工艺做限定。 Preferably, the coupling device can be fabricated using materials that contribute to heat dissipation of the laser chip, such as silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, and other polymeric materials or polymeric materials, and embodiments of the present invention are not practical for the coupling device. It is defined by the preparation materials used. Preferably, in the preparation of the coupling device, the coupling method of the gradient-graded fiber can be prepared by referring to the preparation method of the existing tapered fiber (such as the preform method, the direct co-extrusion method), or the ion exchange process or the gas phase can be used. The deposition method is used for preparation, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the preparation process of the coupling device.

需要说明的是，本发明实施例所涉及的光信号是指：激光器芯片出射的包含有调制信息的光场，所述激光器芯片是由电信号通过驱动而激励的，激光器相关的驱动电路可以是外置的，也可以和激光器芯片一起固定在激光器和光纤的耦合装置上。 It should be noted that the optical signal according to the embodiment of the present invention refers to: a light field that is emitted by the laser chip and includes modulation information. The laser chip is excited by an electric signal, and the laser-related driving circuit may be The external one can also be fixed together with the laser chip on the coupling device of the laser and the optical fiber.

下面通过具体实例对耦合装置中的光信号传输部件的结构进行详细描述，需要说明的是，实例 1和实例 2是以对光信号进行汇聚为例进行描述的。 The structure of the optical signal transmission unit in the coupling device will be described in detail below by way of a specific example. It should be noted that the example 1 and the example 2 are described by convening the optical signal as an example.

实例 1 : Example 1 :

如图 4所示，为内-外型光信号传输部件的结构示意图，从图 4中可以看出：光信号传输部件包括第一子部件和第二子部件，所述第一子部件是内层部件，所述第二子部件是外层部件，所述第一子部件被包裹在所述第二子部件内。 As shown in FIG. 4, it is a structural diagram of an inner-outer type optical signal transmission component. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the optical signal transmission component includes a first subcomponent and a second subcomponent, and the first subcomponent is inside. a layer component, the second subcomponent being an outer component, the first subcomponent being wrapped within the second subcomponent.

所述第一子部件是折射率渐变的子部件，越靠近中心轴线处的折射率越大，即任一横截面中越靠近圓心的位置折射率越大。 The first sub-component is a sub-component having a graded index of refraction, the closer the refractive index is to the central axis, the greater the refractive index at the position closer to the center of the circle in any cross-section.

所述第一子部件呈圓台型，其横截面半径逐渐变化，假设：光信号从第一子部件的底部传输到顶部，即光信号在第一子部件内的传输方向为从第一子部件的底部传输到顶部，若横截面半径逐渐变小，则所述第一子部件能够对光信号进行汇聚；若横截面半径逐渐变大，则所述第一子部件能够对光信号进行发散。 The first sub-part is in the form of a truncated cone whose radius of the cross-section gradually changes. It is assumed that: the optical signal is transmitted from the bottom of the first sub-assembly to the top, that is, the transmission direction of the optical signal in the first sub-assembly is from the first sub- The bottom of the component is transferred to the top, and if the radius of the cross section becomes smaller, the first subcomponent can converge the optical signal; if the radius of the cross section becomes larger, the first subcomponent can diverge the optical signal .

所述第二子部件为折射率恒定的子部件，第二子部件包裹所述第一子部件，使得整个光信号传输部件呈长方体。当然，本发明实施例并不对第一子部件和第二子部件的形状做具体限定，所述第二子部件也可呈其他形状，使得整个光信号传输部件呈诸如圓柱形、球形等形状。 The second sub-assembly is a sub-component having a constant refractive index, and the second sub-assembly encloses the first sub-assembly such that the entire optical signal transmission member has a rectangular parallelepiped. Of course, the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically define the shapes of the first sub-component and the second sub-component, and the second sub-component may have other shapes such that the entire optical signal transmission component has a shape such as a cylindrical shape, a spherical shape, or the like.

激光器发射的光信号从第一子部件的底部入射，从顶部出射，为了使顶部出射的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径相契合，第一子部件需要具有对入射的光信号进行整形的能力。考虑到所述光信号从第一子部件出射时的模场半径与第一子部件出射位置的横截面半径有关，第一子部件出射位置的横截面半径越大，光信号从第一子部件出射时的模场半径也就越大，因此，可预先制备多个耦合装置，各耦合装置中第二子部件出射位置的横截面半径不相同，以便于根据实际传输过程中釆用的光纤的芯径大小，选择合适的耦合装置。 The optical signal emitted by the laser is incident from the bottom of the first sub-component and exits from the top. In order to make the mode field radius of the optical signal emitted from the top coincide with the core radius of the optical fiber, the first sub-component needs to have The ability to shape an incident optical signal. Considering that the mode field radius when the optical signal is emitted from the first sub-component is related to the cross-sectional radius of the exit position of the first sub-component, the larger the cross-sectional radius of the exit position of the first sub-component, the optical signal from the first sub-component The larger the mode field radius when exiting, therefore, a plurality of coupling devices can be prepared in advance, and the cross-sectional radius of the exit position of the second sub-component in each coupling device is different, so as to be used according to the actual optical fiber used in the transmission process. Select the appropriate coupling device for the core diameter.

在图 4所示的光信号传输部件中，在光信号的传输方向上，第一子部件的横截面逐渐变小，因此，光信号的模场半径逐渐变小，达到对光信号进行汇聚的目的；如果在光信号的传输方向上，第一子部件的横截面逐渐变大，则光信号的模场半径也会逐渐变大，达到对光信号进行发散的目的。通过控制第一子部件中横截面半径长度就可控制光信号从第一子部件出射时的模场半径，换句话说，如果根据光线的芯径半径确定出光信号从第一子部件出射时所需的模场半径，就可以根据合适的横截面半径长度确定第一子部件的形状参数。参见图 4 , 光信号在第一子部件（图 4中粗实线）中传输时的模场半径如虚线所示。 In the optical signal transmission unit shown in FIG. 4, the cross section of the first sub-component gradually becomes smaller in the transmission direction of the optical signal, and therefore, the mode field radius of the optical signal gradually becomes smaller, and the optical signal is concentrated. Purpose: If the cross section of the first sub-component gradually becomes larger in the transmission direction of the optical signal, the mode field radius of the optical signal will gradually become larger, so as to achieve the purpose of diverging the optical signal. By controlling the length of the cross-section radius in the first sub-component, the mode field radius when the optical signal is emitted from the first sub-component can be controlled. In other words, if the optical signal is determined from the core radius of the light, the optical signal is emitted from the first sub-component. The desired mode field radius is used to determine the shape parameters of the first sub-assembly based on the appropriate cross-sectional radius length. Referring to Figure 4, the mode field radius of the optical signal as it travels through the first sub-assembly (the thick solid line in Figure 4) is shown by the dashed line.

所述光信号从第一子部件出射时的模场半径与第一子部件出射位置的横截面半径的具体关系可通过以下公式确定： The specific relationship between the mode field radius when the optical signal is emitted from the first sub-assembly and the cross-sectional radius of the exit position of the first sub-component can be determined by the following formula:

针对图 4所示的光信号传输部件，在任一横截面上，折射率的分布为：

For the optical signal transmission part shown in Fig. 4, the refractive index distribution is on any cross section:

其中：《² (r)为光信号传输部件的任一横截面中，与圓心距离为处的折射率； α为第一子部件中任一横截面半径；为第一子部件中心轴线处的折射率；Where: ² (r) is the refractive index at any distance from the center of the circle in any cross section of the optical signal transmission component; α is the radius of any cross section in the first subcomponent; Refractive index

„₂为第二子部件的折射率；横截面的相对折射率差_{Δ =}zi二^ ; 为第一子部件中任一横截面的折射率分布指数，如 t为 2 , 表示横截面的折射率分布呈平方率分布。其中，如果和《₂相差很小，则_Δ = Zi i«Z ^。优选地，所述与光纤包层折射率之差小于阔值，最好是尽可能接近光纤包层折射率，以提高光信号进入光纤的耦合率。 „ ₂ is the refractive index of the second sub-component; the relative refractive index difference of the cross-section _{Δ =} zi 二 ^ ; is the refractive index distribution index of any cross-section in the first sub-component, such as t is 2, indicating the refraction of the cross-section The rate distribution is squared. Among them, if the difference with " ₂ is small, then _Δ = Zi i«Z ^. Preferably, the difference between the refractive index and the cladding of the optical fiber is less than a threshold, preferably as close as possible to the refractive index of the cladding of the optical fiber to increase the coupling ratio of the optical signal into the optical fiber.

另外，光信号在光信号传输部件中的传播导模为：

其中：为传播导模；为光信号整形后的模场半径； = ,所述。为用于调整光信号的光源在真空中的波长。由于 ^是一个稳定值，因而满足^ i=o, 于是，对公式（2)求导可得： dW In addition, the propagation guide of the optical signal in the optical signal transmission component is:

Where: is the propagation guide mode; the mode field radius after shaping the optical signal; =, said. It is the wavelength of the light source used to adjust the light signal in vacuum. Since ^ is a stable value, it satisfies ^ i = o, and thus, the derivative of equation (2) is obtained: dW

结 ) ²Δ]

Knot) ² Δ]

中代入公式（3)可得： β = dr ( 4 )The middle generation formula (3) is available: β = dr ( 4 )

利用分部积分法对公式（4)进行简化可得：

Simplify formula (4) by using the partial integration method to obtain:

令 =0, 可得：

将公式（6) 变形为 ²= ^ (7) 所述公式（7) 即为与 α之间的逻辑运算关系。 Let =0, available:

Deform the formula (6) to ² = ^ (7) The formula (7) is the logical operation relationship with α.

其中：所述为光信号在所述《对应的横截面处的模场半径；公式（3) 中的《是指第一子部件中任一横截面半径，如果此处是指出射时的模场半径，则这里的《特指为第一子部件的顶部横截面半径（即第一子部件在光信号出射位置的横截面半径）。 Where: the optical signal is the mode field radius at the corresponding cross section; "in equation (3) refers to any cross-sectional radius in the first sub-assembly, if here is the mode indicating the time of the shot Field half The diameter here is specifically referred to as the top cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component (ie, the cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component at the exit position of the optical signal).

以上公式（7 )是第一子部件的横截面半径与光信号的模场半径之间的关系表达式，但本发明实施例也不限于其他关系表达式来体现第一子部件的横截面半径与光信号的模场半径之间的关系。 The above formula (7) is a relational expression between the cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component and the mode field radius of the optical signal, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to other relational expressions to represent the cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component. The relationship between the mode field radius of the optical signal.

实例 2: Example 2:

如图 5所示，为上-下型光信号传输部件的结构示意图，从图 5中可以看出：光信号传输部件包括了第三子部件和第四子部件，所述第三子部件是下层部件，所述第四子部件是上层部件，所述第四子部件在所述第三子部件的光信号出射位置处与所述第三子部件连接。 As shown in FIG. 5, it is a schematic structural diagram of an upper-lower type optical signal transmission component. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the optical signal transmission component includes a third subcomponent and a fourth subcomponent, and the third subcomponent is a lower component, the fourth subcomponent being an upper component, and the fourth subcomponent being coupled to the third subcomponent at an optical signal exiting position of the third subcomponent.

所述第三子部件呈圓柱形，其横截面半径恒定。 The third sub-assembly has a cylindrical shape with a constant cross-sectional radius.

所述第三子部件是折射率渐变的子部件，越靠近中心轴线处的折射率越大，即任一横截面中越靠近圓心的位置折射率越大。 The third sub-component is a sub-component having a graded index of refraction, the closer the refractive index is to the central axis, the greater the refractive index at the position closer to the center of the circle in any cross-section.

所述第四子部件为折射率恒定的子部件，且第四子部件的折射率与所述第三子部件中心轴线处的折射率相同。 The fourth sub-component is a sub-component having a constant refractive index, and the refractive index of the fourth sub-component is the same as the refractive index at the central axis of the third sub-component.

优选地，第四子部件的折射率（即第三子部件中心轴线处的折射率）与光纤包层折射率之差小于阔值，最好是尽可能接近光纤包层折射率，以提高光信号入射至光纤的耦合率。 Preferably, the difference between the refractive index of the fourth sub-component (ie, the refractive index at the central axis of the third sub-assembly) and the refractive index of the cladding of the fiber is less than a threshold, preferably as close as possible to the refractive index of the cladding of the fiber to enhance light. The coupling ratio of the signal incident to the fiber.

第四子部件也呈圓柱形，使得整个光信号传输部件呈圓柱形。当然，本发明实施例并不对第三子部件和第四子部件的形状做具体限定，例如，所述第三子部件和第四子部件呈立方体，使得整个光信号传输部件也呈立方体结构。 The fourth sub-assembly is also cylindrical, such that the entire optical signal transmission member has a cylindrical shape. Of course, the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically define the shapes of the third sub-component and the fourth sub-component. For example, the third sub-component and the fourth sub-component are in a cubic shape such that the entire optical signal transmission component also has a cubic structure.

激光器发射的光信号从第三子部件的底部入射，从第三子部件的顶部出射后进入第四子部件底部，最后从第四子部件的顶部出射进入光纤。为了使第四子部件顶部出射的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径相契合，第三子部件需要具有对入射的光信号进行整形的能力。考虑到所述光信号最终出射时的模场半径与第三子部件的长度有关，第三子部件的长度越长，光信号从第三子部件出射时的模场半径也就越小，亦即从第四子部件出射时的模场半径越小，因此，可根据实际传输过程中釆用的光纤的芯径大小，选择合适第三子部件的长度合适的耦合装置。 The optical signal emitted by the laser is incident from the bottom of the third sub-assembly, exits from the top of the third sub-assembly and enters the bottom of the fourth sub-assembly, and finally exits the fiber from the top of the fourth sub-assembly. In order for the mode field radius of the optical signal emerging from the top of the fourth subassembly to coincide with the core radius of the fiber, the third subcomponent needs to have the ability to shape the incident optical signal. Considering that the mode field radius when the optical signal is finally emitted is related to the length of the third sub-component, the longer the length of the third sub-component, the optical signal The smaller the mode field radius when the third sub-component is emitted, that is, the smaller the mode field radius when exiting from the fourth sub-assembly, therefore, the size of the core diameter of the optical fiber used in the actual transmission process can be selected appropriately. A coupling device of suitable length for the third sub-assembly.

例如，根据实验确定第三子部件长度的门限值，所述门限值为临界值，若所述第三子部件的长度大于所述门限值，则所述第三子部件可对光信号进行汇聚，且第三子部件的长度越长，对光信号的汇聚程度越高；若所述第三子部件的长度小于所述门限值，则所述第三子部件可对光信号进行发散，且第三子部件的长度越短，对光信号的发散程度越高。 For example, determining a threshold value of the length of the third sub-component according to an experiment, the threshold value is a critical value, and if the length of the third sub-component is greater than the threshold value, the third sub-component may be opposite to the light The signal is concentrated, and the longer the length of the third sub-component, the higher the degree of convergence of the optical signal; if the length of the third sub-component is less than the threshold, the third sub-component can be optical signal The divergence is performed, and the shorter the length of the third sub-component, the higher the degree of divergence of the optical signal.

所述光信号从第三子部件出射时的模场半径与第三子部件的长度关系可以为：

The relationship between the mode field radius of the optical signal when exiting from the third sub-component and the length of the third sub-component may be:

其中： A为所述第三子部件的长度；为光信号从第三子部件出射时的模场半径； ^为光信号入射至第三子部件时的模场半径（即激光器出射的光信号的模场半径）； a₀ = ^- , 所述所述为用于调制光信号的光源在Where: A is the length of the third sub-component; the mode field radius when the optical signal is emitted from the third sub-component; ^ is the mode field radius when the optical signal is incident on the third sub-component (ie, the optical signal emitted by the laser) Mode field radius); a ₀ = ^- , the said light source for modulating the optical signal

0 n₂ 0 n ₂

真空中的波长； g为聚焦参数，《₂为第四子部件的折射率，即第三子部件中心轴线处的折射率。 The wavelength in the vacuum; g is the focusing parameter, and ₂ is the refractive index of the fourth sub-component, that is, the refractive index at the central axis of the third sub-assembly.

图 5是以对光信号进行汇聚的情况为例进行说明的，激光器入射的光信号经第三子部件整形后聚焦在第四子部件（长度为 L2 ) 的顶部出射，参见图 5中虚线部分。由于第四子部件是折射率恒定的部件，因此，即使没有第四子部件，通过第三子部件对光信号整形后也可直接传输给光纤；考虑到耦合装置合适的尺寸大小以及第三子部件所设计的尺寸，如果为第三子部件设计的尺寸长度较短，则可设计合适长度的第四子部件。 5 is an example of the case where the optical signal is concentrated, and the optical signal incident by the laser is shaped by the third sub-component and then focused on the top of the fourth sub-component (length L2), see the dotted line in FIG. . Since the fourth sub-component is a component having a constant refractive index, even if there is no fourth sub-component, the optical signal can be directly transmitted to the optical fiber after being shaped by the third sub-component; considering the suitable size of the coupling device and the third sub- The size of the component is designed. If the dimension of the third sub-component is designed to be shorter, a fourth sub-component of a suitable length can be designed.

优选地，图 5所示的第三子部件内部也可以按照实例 1所描述的内 -外结构设计。 Preferably, the interior of the third sub-assembly shown in Figure 5 can also be designed in accordance with the inner-outer structure described in Example 1.

需要说明的是，实例 1和实例 2中所涉及的第一子部件、第二子部件、第三子部件和第四子部件中的 "第一"、 "第二"、 "第三" 和 "第四" 是用于区分各子部件的，并不对子部件的实际结构以及尺寸做限定。 It should be noted that the first sub-component and the second sub-component involved in the example 1 and the example 2 The "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" in the third sub-component and the fourth sub-component are used to distinguish each sub-component, and do not limit the actual structure and size of the sub-component. .

实施例二： Embodiment 2:

基于实施例一所描述的激光器和光纤的耦合装置，本发明实施例二描述了一种光信号的传输***，如图 6所示，所述传输***包括所述激光器和光纤的耦合装置、激光器和光纤，其中： Based on the coupling device of the laser and the optical fiber described in the first embodiment, the second embodiment of the present invention describes a transmission system for an optical signal. As shown in FIG. 6, the transmission system includes a coupling device and a laser for the laser and the optical fiber. And fiber, where:

所述激光器和光纤分别通过所述耦合装置中的激光器固定部件和光纤固定部件与所述耦合装置耦合，激光器发出的光信号经所述耦合装置中的折射率渐变的光信号传输对所述光信号进行汇聚或发散后 , 出射的光信号进入所述光纤。 The laser and the optical fiber are respectively coupled to the coupling device through a laser fixing member and a fiber fixing member in the coupling device, and an optical signal emitted by the laser is transmitted to the light via a refractive index-graded optical signal in the coupling device After the signal is concentrated or diverged, the outgoing optical signal enters the fiber.

当然，根据光纤的芯径半径大小，可根据实例 1或实例 2的描述，选择合适结构以及尺寸的耦合装置，使得经耦合装置整形后出射的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径之差小于设定门限值，即出射的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径相契合。 Of course, according to the core radius of the optical fiber, the coupling device of the appropriate structure and size can be selected according to the description of the example 1 or the example 2, so that the mode field radius of the optical signal emitted by the coupling device and the core radius of the optical fiber are The difference is less than the set threshold, that is, the mode field radius of the outgoing optical signal is matched with the core radius of the fiber.

例如，若所述耦合装置釆用实例 1 的结构，通过缩小所述第一子部件在光信号出射位置的横截面半径可对光信号进行汇聚，或者通过增大所述第一子部件在光信号出射位置的横截面半径可对光信号进行发散，使得经所述耦合装置后出射的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径之差小于设定门限值；或者 For example, if the coupling device uses the structure of Example 1, the optical signal can be concentrated by reducing the cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component at the exit position of the optical signal, or by increasing the first sub-component in the light. The cross-sectional radius of the signal exiting position may diverge the optical signal such that a difference between a mode field radius of the optical signal exiting the coupling device and a core radius of the optical fiber is less than a set threshold; or

若所述耦合装置釆用实例 2 的结构，通过增大所述第三子部件的长度来汇聚所述光信号，或通过减小所述第三子部件的长度来发散所述光信号，使得经所述耦合装置后出射的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径之差小于设定门限值。 If the coupling device uses the structure of Example 2, concentrating the optical signal by increasing the length of the third sub-component, or diverging the optical signal by reducing the length of the third sub-component, such that The difference between the mode field radius of the optical signal emitted by the coupling device and the core radius of the optical fiber is less than a set threshold.

结合图 6示意的情况，激光器通过插槽、挂钩（即激光器固定部件）等与耦合装置固定在一起，光信号垂直入射至的耦合装置；呈圓柱状的光纤尾端通过胶水平固定在耦合装置的凹槽（即光纤固定部件）内。此时，从耦合装置出射的是垂直方向的光信号，而光纤的芯径方向是水平方向，为了使光信号进入光纤的芯径，可将光纤尾端设计成呈设定角度（如 0角度）的切面，使得从光纤包层穿过之后的光信号入射到光纤尾端呈 0角度的切面上，在所述切面上发生反射，使光信号的传输方向发生改变，光信号在光纤中能够沿光纤的芯径传输。 In conjunction with the case illustrated in FIG. 6, the laser is fixed to the coupling device by a slot, a hook (ie, a laser fixing member), and the like, and the optical signal is incident perpendicularly to the coupling device; the cylindrical fiber end is fixed to the coupling device by the glue horizontally. Inside the groove (ie the fiber fixing part). At this time, the light signal emitted from the coupling device is a vertical direction, and the core diameter direction of the optical fiber is a horizontal direction, in order to make the light The signal enters the core diameter of the fiber, and the tail end of the fiber can be designed to be a cut surface at a set angle (such as 0 angle), so that the optical signal after passing through the fiber cladding is incident on the cut surface of the fiber end at a 0 angle. Reflection occurs on the tangential surface to change the direction of transmission of the optical signal, and the optical signal can be transmitted along the core diameter of the optical fiber in the optical fiber.

在图 6所示的情况下，出射的光信号的传输方向与光纤芯径方向呈 90度，则可设计所述 ^角度为 45度，可恰好将垂直方向的光信号反射为水平方向。当然，如果光纤芯径方向与出射的光信号的传输方向之间的角度变化时，所述 0角度也会发生相应变化，例如，当光纤尾端垂直固定在耦合装置的凹槽内时（即光纤芯径方向与出射的光信号的传输方向之间的角度为 0度），则所述 0角度为 0度。 In the case shown in Fig. 6, the direction of transmission of the emitted optical signal is 90 degrees to the core diameter of the optical fiber, and the angle of 45 can be designed to reflect the optical signal in the vertical direction. Of course, if the angle between the direction of the core diameter of the optical fiber and the direction of transmission of the outgoing optical signal changes, the 0 angle also changes correspondingly, for example, when the tail end of the optical fiber is vertically fixed in the recess of the coupling device (ie, The angle between the direction of the core of the optical fiber and the direction of transmission of the outgoing optical signal is 0 degrees, and the angle of 0 is 0 degrees.

优选地，还可在光纤尾端的切面覆盖反射层，可以是金属反射层，也可以釆用其他材质的反射层，既可以是单层反射层，也可以是多层膜组成的布拉格反射镜，或是端面刻蚀反射光栅等。所述反射层用于减小凹槽表面处发生的光信号泄露，使尽可能多的光信号反射进光纤的芯径中，提高光信号的耦合率。 Preferably, the reflective layer may be covered on the cut surface of the fiber end, and may be a metal reflective layer or a reflective layer of other materials, which may be a single reflective layer or a Bragg mirror composed of a multilayer film. Or an end face etched reflective grating. The reflective layer is used to reduce the leakage of optical signals occurring at the surface of the groove, so that as many optical signals as possible are reflected into the core diameter of the optical fiber to improve the coupling ratio of the optical signal.

本发明实施例二所涉及的光纤可以标准的接收用单模光纤，也可以是其他类型的光纤。所述标准单模光纤包括但不限于国际电工委员会（IEC )和国际电信联盟远程通信标准化组织（ ITU-T )等组织所规定的 G.652、G.653、G.654、 G.655、 G.656和 Bl.l、 B1.2、 B1.3和 B2、 B4等单模光纤，光纤的制作材质包括但不限于二氧化硅以及相应的聚合物等。 The optical fiber according to the second embodiment of the present invention may be a standard single-mode optical fiber for receiving, or may be another type of optical fiber. The standard single mode fiber includes, but is not limited to, G.652, G.653, G.654, G.655 as defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Organization (ITU-T). G.656 and Bl.l, B1.2, B1.3 and B2, B4 and other single-mode fibers, the material of the fiber is made of, but not limited to, silicon dioxide and the corresponding polymer.

本发明实施例二所涉及的激光器根据出射光波波长不同，划分为 850nm 波长、 1310nm波长、 1550nm波长等。 The laser according to the second embodiment of the present invention is divided into a wavelength of 850 nm, a wavelength of 1310 nm, a wavelength of 1550 nm, and the like according to the wavelength of the emitted light.

实施例三： Embodiment 3:

本发明实施例三描述了一种基于实施例二所述的传输***的光信号传输方法，如图 7所示，包括以下步骤： The third embodiment of the present invention describes an optical signal transmission method based on the transmission system according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, the method includes the following steps:

步骤 101 : 驱动与耦合装置耦合的激光器芯片，激光器芯片出射包含有调制信息的光信号，光信号进入所述耦合装置中折射率渐变的光信号传输部件。步骤 102: 光信号在所述光信号传输部件内传输时，光信号受到汇聚或发散。 Step 101: Driving a laser chip coupled to the coupling device, the laser chip emitting an optical signal containing modulation information, and the optical signal enters an optical signal transmission component having a refractive index gradient in the coupling device. Step 102: When the optical signal is transmitted in the optical signal transmission unit, the optical signal is concentrated or diverged.

步骤 103: 汇聚或发散后的光信号传输到耦合装置与光纤的交界面时，出射进入光纤包层。 Step 103: When the concentrated or diverged optical signal is transmitted to the interface between the coupling device and the optical fiber, it is emitted into the optical fiber cladding.

步骤 104: 光信号穿过光纤包层后经光纤尾端呈 0角度的切面反射（切面上覆盖有反射层）后，光信号的传输方向发生改变，进入光纤的芯径，沿芯径传输，从而完成了光信号的传输过程。 Step 104: After the optical signal passes through the fiber cladding layer and is reflected by the 0-angle of the fiber end (the tangential surface is covered with the reflective layer), the transmission direction of the optical signal changes, and enters the core diameter of the optical fiber and transmits along the core diameter. Thereby the transmission process of the optical signal is completed.

以图 8所示的场景为例，假设 4路 10G 电信号通过激光器驱动记载在 VCSEL激光器上，以直调的形式调制并输出光信号，通过耦合装置对光信号模场半径整形后，出射进入光纤中，随即在光纤链路中进行传输。当传输了一定距离后，光信号被探测器接收，输出的电流经过放大等后续处理，分离出电信号，从而完成整个电 -光-电的转换传输过程。 Taking the scene shown in FIG. 8 as an example, it is assumed that four 10G electrical signals are recorded on the VCSEL laser by laser driving, and the optical signals are modulated and outputted in a straight modulation manner, and the mode radius of the optical signal is shaped by the coupling device, and then exited. In the fiber, it is transmitted in the fiber link. When a certain distance is transmitted, the optical signal is received by the detector, and the output current is subjected to subsequent processing such as amplification to separate the electrical signal, thereby completing the entire electro-optical-electrical conversion transmission process.

通过本发明实施例的方案，设计的耦合装置釆用折射率渐变的结构，对入射的光信号模场进行整形（包括汇聚或发散），最终出射的光信号模场半径整形为与光纤芯径相契合的尺寸，避免了激光器出射的光信号模场半径与光纤芯径尺寸差别太大带来了模场严重失配问题，使得光信号能够高效耦合进光纤中；以图 2所示的情况为例， VCSEL的出射光直接与单模光纤的芯径直径差别很大，两者之间存在严重的模场失配，通过本发明实施例的方案，可对 VCSEL的出射光进行汇聚，使得从耦合装置出射的光信号直径与单模光纤的芯径直径相契合， VCSEL出射的光信号可以高效地耦合进单模光纤中。 Through the solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the designed coupling device uses a structure with a gradient of the refractive index to shape the mode field of the incident optical signal (including convergence or divergence), and the mode field radius of the finally exited optical signal is shaped to be the core diameter of the optical fiber. The size of the matching avoids the difference between the mode field radius of the optical signal emitted by the laser and the core diameter of the optical fiber, which causes a serious mismatch in the mode field, so that the optical signal can be efficiently coupled into the optical fiber; For example, the exiting light of the VCSEL is directly different from the core diameter of the single-mode optical fiber, and there is a serious mode mismatch between the two. The solution of the VCSEL can be concentrated by using the solution of the embodiment of the present invention. The diameter of the optical signal emitted from the coupling device is matched with the diameter of the core of the single-mode fiber, and the optical signal emitted by the VCSEL can be efficiently coupled into the single-mode fiber.

同时，耦合装置的中心轴线处的折射率和与光纤交界面处的折射率与光纤包层的折射率接近，使得界面处的反射被减少到最小，进一步提高了耦合效率；另外，在光纤尾端上覆盖的反射层可几乎将全部入射光信号反射进光纤的芯径中，再次提高了耦合率。除此以外，激光器和光纤与耦合装置耦合在一起，减少了设备多次安装带来的误差，还降低了封装难度和集成成本。 At the same time, the refractive index at the central axis of the coupling device and the refractive index at the interface with the fiber are close to the refractive index of the fiber cladding, so that the reflection at the interface is minimized, further improving the coupling efficiency; The reflective layer covered on the end can reflect almost all of the incident light signal into the core diameter of the fiber, again increasing the coupling ratio. In addition, the laser and fiber are coupled to the coupling device, reducing the error caused by multiple installations of the device and reducing packaging difficulty and integration costs.

尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例做出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。 While the preferred embodiment of the present application has been described, those skilled in the art can make further changes and modifications to these embodiments once they are aware of the basic inventive concept. Therefore, the right to attach The requirements are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of the present invention.

Claims

权利要求 Rights request

1、一种激光器和光纤的耦合装置，其特征在于，包括： 1. A coupling device between a laser and an optical fiber, which is characterized in that it includes:

光信号传输部件，所述光信号传输部件两端分别包含用于与激光器耦合的激光器固定部件和用于与光纤耦合的光纤固定部件； Optical signal transmission component, the two ends of the optical signal transmission component respectively include a laser fixing component for coupling with the laser and an optical fiber fixing component for coupling with the optical fiber;

所述光信号传输部件的折射率渐变，越靠近中心轴线处的折射率越大，用于对耦合在所述激光器固定部件上的激光器入射的光信号进行汇聚或发散后，出射进入耦合在所述光纤固定部件上的光纤。 The refractive index gradient of the optical signal transmission component, the closer the refractive index is to the central axis, is greater, and is used to converge or diverge the incident optical signal of the laser coupled to the laser fixing component, and then emit it into the optical signal coupled to the laser fixing component. The optical fiber on the optical fiber fixing part.

2、如权利要求 1所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述光纤固定部件外表面的折射率与用于包裹光纤的光纤包层的折射率之差小于阔值。 2. The coupling device according to claim 1, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the outer surface of the optical fiber fixing component and the refractive index of the optical fiber cladding used to wrap the optical fiber is less than a threshold value.

3、如权利要求 1或 2所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述光信号传输部件包括：第一子部件和第二子部件，其中： 3. The coupling device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the optical signal transmission component includes: a first sub-component and a second sub-component, wherein:

所述第一子部件被包裹在所述第二子部件内； The first subcomponent is enclosed within the second subcomponent;

所述第一子部件的横截面半径逐渐变化，且任一横截面中越靠近圓心的位置折射率越大；所述第二子部件的折射率恒定。 The cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component gradually changes, and the refractive index is greater closer to the center of the circle in any cross-section; the refractive index of the second sub-component is constant.

4、如权利要求 3所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，当所述第一子部件在光信号传输方向上的横截面半径逐渐变小，则所述第一子部件用于对光信号进行汇聚； 4. The coupling device according to claim 3, wherein when the cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component in the optical signal transmission direction gradually becomes smaller, the first sub-component is used to process the optical signal. gather; gather

当所述第一子部件在光信号传输方向上的横截面半径逐渐变大，则所述第一子部件用于对光信号进行发散。 When the cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component in the optical signal transmission direction gradually becomes larger, the first sub-component is used to diverge the optical signal.

5、如权利要求 4所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述第一子部件在光信号出射位置的横截面半径与光信号从第一子部件出射时的模场半径之间的关系为：

5. The coupling device according to claim 4, wherein the relationship between the cross-sectional radius of the first sub-component at the optical signal emission position and the mode field radius when the optical signal is emitted from the first sub-component is: :

其中：《为第一子部件中任一横截面半径；为光信号在所述《对应的横截面处的模场半径；，所述 1。为用于调制光信号的光源在真空中的波长；为所述第一子部件中心轴线处的折射率； Δ = ¾^，所述《₂为所述第二子部件的折射率。 where: « is the radius of any cross-section in the first subcomponent; is the optical signal in the corresponding cross-section Mode field radius at the cross section; , as stated in 1. is the wavelength in vacuum of the light source used to modulate the optical signal; is the refractive index at the central axis of the first sub-component; Δ = ¾, and _{≤ 2} is the refractive index of the second sub-component.

6、如权利要求 1或 2所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述光信号传输部件包括：第三子部件和第四子部件，其中： 6. The coupling device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the optical signal transmission component includes: a third sub-component and a fourth sub-component, wherein:

所述第四子部件在所述第三子部件的光信号出射位置处与所述第三子部件连接； The fourth subcomponent is connected to the third subcomponent at the optical signal emission position of the third subcomponent;

所述第三子部件任一横截面中越靠近圓心的位置折射率越大，所述第四子部件的折射率恒定，且所述第四子部件的折射率与所述第三子部件中心轴线处的折射率相同。 The refractive index of any cross section of the third subcomponent is greater closer to the center of the circle, the refractive index of the fourth subcomponent is constant, and the refractive index of the fourth subcomponent is consistent with the central axis of the third subcomponent. The refractive index is the same.

7、如权利要求 6所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，若所述第三子部件的长度大于门限值，则所述第三子部件用于对光信号进行汇聚，且第三子部件的长度越长，对光信号的汇聚程度越高； 7. The coupling device according to claim 6, wherein if the length of the third subcomponent is greater than a threshold value, the third subcomponent is used to converge optical signals, and the third subcomponent The longer the length, the higher the degree of convergence of optical signals;

若所述第三子部件的长度小于所述门限值，则所述第三子部件用于对光信号进行发散，且第三子部件的长度越短，对光信号的发散程度越高。 If the length of the third sub-component is less than the threshold value, the third sub-component is used to diverge the optical signal, and the shorter the length of the third sub-component, the higher the degree of divergence of the optical signal.

8、如权利要求 7所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述第三子部件的长度与光信号从第四子部件出射时的模场半径之间的关系为： 8. The coupling device according to claim 7, wherein the relationship between the length of the third subcomponent and the mode field radius when the optical signal is emitted from the fourth subcomponent is:

^[sin²(^ ) + (— )² cos²(^A)]^/2 其中， A为所述第三子部件的长度；为光信号从第四子部件出射时的模场半径； ^为光信号入射至第三子部件时的模场半径；《。= ^ ,所述 = ^ ,^[sin ² (^ ) + (— ) ² cos ² (^A)] ^/2where , A is the length of the third subcomponent; is the mode field radius when the optical signal is emitted from the fourth subcomponent; ^ is the mode field radius when the optical signal is incident on the third sub-component; ". = ^ , said = ^ ,

0 n₂ 所述 1。为用于调制光信号的光源在真空中的波长， n₂为所述第三子部件中心轴线处的折射率； g为聚焦参数。 0 n ₂ of 1. is the wavelength of the light source used to modulate the optical signal in vacuum, n ₂ is the refractive index at the central axis of the third sub-component; g is the focusing parameter.

9、一种光信号的传输***，其特征在于，所述***包括激光器、光纤和如权利要求 1至权利要求 8任一所述的激光器和光纤的耦合装置；所述激光器和光纤分别通过所述耦合装置中的激光器固定部件和光纤固定部件与所述耦合装置耦合； 9. An optical signal transmission system, characterized in that the system includes a laser, an optical fiber and The coupling device between a laser and an optical fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 8; the laser and the optical fiber are coupled to the coupling device respectively through the laser fixing part and the optical fiber fixing part in the coupling device;

激光器发出的光信号经所述耦合装置中的折射率渐变的光信号传输部件对所述光信号进行汇聚或发散后，出射的光信号进入所述光纤。 After the optical signal emitted by the laser is converged or diverged by the optical signal transmission component with a gradient refractive index in the coupling device, the emitted optical signal enters the optical fiber.

10、如权利要求 9 所述的***，其特征在于，所述光纤尾端通过胶固定在光纤固定部件内。 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the optical fiber tail end is fixed in the optical fiber fixing component through glue.

11、如权利要求 9或 10所述的***，其特征在于，光纤尾端为呈设定角度的切面，使得进入光纤的光信号经所述切面反射后，光信号在光纤中沿光纤的芯径传输。 11. The system according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the end of the optical fiber is a section at a set angle, so that after the optical signal entering the optical fiber is reflected by the section, the optical signal travels along the core of the optical fiber in the optical fiber. path transmission.

12、如权利要求 11所述的***，其特征在于，所述光纤尾端的切面覆盖有用于减小光信号泄露的反射层。 12. The system according to claim 11, wherein the cut surface of the optical fiber tail end is covered with a reflective layer for reducing optical signal leakage.

13、如权利要求 9 所述的***，其特征在于，在所述耦合装置中的光信号传输部件包括第一子部件和包裹所述第一子部件的第二子部件，且所述第一子部件的横截面半径逐渐变化，任一横截面中越靠近圓心的位置折射率越大，所述第二子部件的折射率恒定时，通过缩小所述第一子部件在光信号出射位置的横截面半径来汇聚所述光信号，使得经所述耦合装置后出射的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径之差小于设定门限值；或者 13. The system of claim 9, wherein the optical signal transmission component in the coupling device includes a first subcomponent and a second subcomponent wrapping the first subcomponent, and the first subcomponent The cross-sectional radius of the sub-component gradually changes, and the refractive index is greater closer to the center of the circle in any cross-section. When the refractive index of the second sub-component is constant, by reducing the cross-section of the first sub-component at the optical signal emission position, The cross-sectional radius is used to converge the optical signal so that the difference between the mode field radius of the optical signal emitted after passing through the coupling device and the core radius of the optical fiber is less than the set threshold; or

在所述耦合装置中的光信号传输部件包括第三子部件和在所述第三子部件的光信号出射位置处与所述第三子部件耦合的第四子部件，且所述第三子部件任一横截面中越靠近圓心的位置折射率越大，所述第四子部件的折射率恒定，所述第四子部件的折射率与所述第三子部件中心轴线处的折射率相同时，通过增大所述第三子部件的长度来汇聚所述光信号，使得经所述耦合装置后出射的光信号的模场半径与光纤的芯径半径之差小于设定门限值。 The optical signal transmission component in the coupling device includes a third subcomponent and a fourth subcomponent coupled with the third subcomponent at an optical signal exit position of the third subcomponent, and the third subcomponent The refractive index is greater closer to the center of the circle in any cross section of the component. The refractive index of the fourth sub-component is constant. When the refractive index of the fourth sub-component is the same as the refractive index at the central axis of the third sub-component. , converging the optical signals by increasing the length of the third subcomponent, so that the difference between the mode field radius of the optical signal emitted after passing through the coupling device and the core diameter of the optical fiber is less than the set threshold value.

14、一种基于权利要求 9至权利要求 13任一所述的传输***进行光信号传输的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括： 14. A method for optical signal transmission based on the transmission system of any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the method includes:

与激光器和光纤的耦合装置进行耦合的激光器出射的光信号进入所述耦合装置； The optical signal emitted by the laser coupled to the coupling device of the laser and the optical fiber enters the coupling device. combination device;

光信号在所述耦合装置中的折射率渐变的光信号传输部件内传输时，光信号受到汇聚或发散； When the optical signal is transmitted within the optical signal transmission component with a gradient refractive index in the coupling device, the optical signal is converged or diverged;

汇聚或发散后的光信号从所述耦合装置出射至与所述耦合装置进行耦合的光纤中。 The converged or diverged optical signals are emitted from the coupling device into the optical fiber coupled to the coupling device.