WO2015110713A1 - Method for optimising the yield of electroextraction of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high salt concentration, and device for the implementation thereof - Google Patents

Method for optimising the yield of electroextraction of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high salt concentration, and device for the implementation thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015110713A1
WO2015110713A1 PCT/FR2014/000016 FR2014000016W WO2015110713A1 WO 2015110713 A1 WO2015110713 A1 WO 2015110713A1 FR 2014000016 W FR2014000016 W FR 2014000016W WO 2015110713 A1 WO2015110713 A1 WO 2015110713A1
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Prior art keywords
solution
electrodes
treated
electrolysis
aqueous solution
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PCT/FR2014/000016
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French (fr)
Inventor
Michel BEUGNET
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Beugnet Michel
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Publication date
Application filed by Beugnet Michel filed Critical Beugnet Michel
Priority to CN201480077337.0A priority Critical patent/CN106103350A/en
Priority to EP14708312.5A priority patent/EP3097057A1/en
Priority to RU2016133851A priority patent/RU2016133851A/en
Priority to US15/113,617 priority patent/US20170002472A1/en
Priority to PCT/FR2014/000016 priority patent/WO2015110713A1/en
Priority to JP2016548243A priority patent/JP2017506151A/en
Publication of WO2015110713A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015110713A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • C02F1/46109—Electrodes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/467—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4676—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction
    • C02F1/4678—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis by electrochemical disinfection; by electrooxydation or by electroreduction by electroreduction of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
    • C02F1/62—Heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/46125—Electrical variables
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4612—Controlling or monitoring
    • C02F2201/4615—Time
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions

Definitions

  • an electrolysis process and the device for carrying it out characterized by the addition in the aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts contained in a tank, of an additional electrode designated “mass electrode” of the same material and same texture as the other electrodes (anode and cathode) and independently connected to a mass of the electric power generator.
  • This electrode of mass compared to the usual device of electrolysis, has the effect of limiting or annihilating the consequences of the high concentration of salts present in the aqueous solution, which opposes the circulation of the current in said solution and thus alters the efficiency of the process.
  • the immersion of the said ground electrode which has only one electrical connection function and does not receive heavy metals, unlike the anode and the cathode of the device, makes it possible to obtain the same results as those obtained in the case conventional electrolysis, that is to say with a solution with low salt concentration and this in a similar cycle time.
  • Said patent also claims an electrolysis process and the device for carrying it out, characterized in that an intermittent closed circuit mixing of the solution is operated by means of an activation element, for example a pump, ensuring the emptying and simultaneous filling of the tank of the device.
  • an activation element for example a pump
  • This stirring of the solution to be treated is carried out to avoid that under the effect of the passage of the current the different species present in the solution are organized to obstruct the fixing of heavy metals. It makes it possible to preserve the homogeneity of the solution during the electrolysis operation.
  • the inventor provides in this patent for the addition to the device of the initial patent of an electronic control means able to manage three new actions. It also provides for modifications in the quality, function, destination and operation of certain elements of the device of the invention as well as the addition of a filter at the end of the electroplating operation, whose mission is to optimize the quality of the effluent released by fixing the low electromotive force components driven by the residual ion movements.
  • the electronic control means provided to the device of the initial patent has as a first function the application of successive cuts of the power supply of the device, at a periodicity determined according to the chemical composition of the solution to be treated.
  • the second function of the electronic control means provided to the device of the original patent is to decouple the internal ground electrode provided in the process of the original patent No. 2,733,748 to increase the rate of ionic scouring of the electrodes.
  • This decoupling action of the mass electrode is intended to disorganize the ion system so that the free electrons find the path of their respective electrode and the ions are deposited again where they should.
  • the third function of the electronic control means provided to the device of the initial patent is to maintain and regulate throughout the differential electroplating operation, a constant optimum voltage in the solution to be treated, from sensor arranged in the solution to be treated and between the electrodes of the device. It is known that the resistivity of the assembly varies continuously as a function of the mass deposited on the electrodes. Controlling and maintaining a constant voltage between the electrodes is therefore an essential factor in the process.
  • This electronic control means thus allows all the controls, adjustments and regulation as well as the transmission of the information necessary for the smooth running of the operations and the memorization thereof.
  • the device of this patent provides that the material and the texture of the device's ground electrode are different from the material and the texture of the electrodes or of the anode. and the cathode.
  • the device of this patent also provides that the materials and textures of the electrodes are different.
  • the anode and the cathode can be manufactured in totally different materials and determined according to the chemical and radiochemical composition (radioactive effluents) of the solution to be treated.
  • the device of this patent provides that the sensors placed between the electrodes, to allow control and regulate throughout the differential electrolysis operation the voltage in the solution in treatment, are of chemically neutral texture such as for example that of a referential glass electrode used in chemical measurement.
  • the device of this patent which completes and modifies the characteristics, the composition and the operation of the device of the initial patent, provides that the electrodes charged with pollutants captured during the electrolysis operation at the end of the operation, they are burned or contained (radioactive elements) depending on the type or grade of the polluting effects, the treated effluents being released into the environment or reused industrially, taking into account their quality.
  • the patent of the present invention also provides that the electrodes immersed in the differential plating tank, provided of cylindrical shape and coaxial in the original patent, are of different shape and in particular in the form of plate. In such a case, the initial principle remains unchanged, the electrodes being applied to the opposite faces of neutral plate supports, the differential mass being placed in an insulating tube to avoid any electronic distortion.
  • the patent of the present invention provides that the device allows the use in successive alternating cycles or in continuous operation.
  • the supply of the solution to be treated is operated by the bottom of the tank and at a slow speed and determined according to the chemical composition and the texture of the solution to be treated, the evacuation of the treated solution. being carried out in the upper part of the tank by a pipe provided for this purpose
  • the present patent provides for the addition or replacement at the end of the device.
  • an electro-filtration filter intended primarily to fix the residual electromotive weak elements, still present in the solution at the end of the differential electroplating process.
  • the electro-filtration filter of the present invention aims to exploit this feature to more easily fix said low-force components.
  • electromotive which are driven by the play of weak ionic movements still existing, amplified by the configuration of said electro filtration filter.
  • Said electroplating filter consists mainly of a cylindrical tank for example made of a plastic material compatible with its operation and performance. It is preferably of dimensions (Height / Diameter) compatible with its operation and optimum performance and has two electrodes immersed in a neutral filter material, one of which for example the anode, is preferably plated on the inner peripheral plane of the tray and the other for example the cathode is plated on an axial support tube located in the center of the inner surface of the lower plane of the tray.
  • the electric current passing through the filtering material is regulated according to the chemical composition of the solution leaving the electrolytic treatment tank and adapted to the resistivity of the assembly, knowing that the conductivity of the filtering material varies according to the more or less aqueous liquid. it contains
  • the solution filtered through its passage through the electro-filtration filter of the invention then has an optimum quality allowing its release into the environment or for example its reuse in another manufacturing process.
  • the radioactive elements are almost extracted from the effluent which can then be eliminated in the environment without risk, the radioactive elements being themselves confined according to the known methods.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic central sectional view of the main element of the device of the original patent, consisting of an electrolytic tank, for example cylindrical, equipped with electrodes and means for supplying electrical energy and in solution to be treated.
  • an electrolytic tank for example cylindrical, equipped with electrodes and means for supplying electrical energy and in solution to be treated.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the main element of the device of the initial patent modified according to the technical elements claimed by the present patent.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrofiltration filter of the present invention.
  • the present invention follows a patent filed by the same author in May 1995 and published on November 8, 1996 under the number 2,733,748, concerning a process for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts, by means of electrolysis. This patent is hereinafter referred to as "initial patent".
  • the method and the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claim an electrolysis cell (2) of cylindrical shape and of axis (14) containing an aqueous solution ( 3) with a high concentration of salts, in which at least one pair of electrodes is immersed.
  • three pairs of electrodes are represented, for example, the anode (6) and the cathode (7), the anode (9) and the cathode (8) and the anode (10). and the cathode (11) fed to the corresponding terminals of an electric generator (4) and a ground electrode (22) preferably connected to the ground (M) of said generator (4).
  • the ground electrode (22) is separated from the electrode (11) by a polyamide screen (23) to avoid any electrolytic interaction between these two electrodes.
  • the method and the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts object of the initial patent claim intermittent mixing in closed circuit during the electrolysis cycle, driven by a pump (not shown) operating the displacement of the solution (3), by emptying the tank (2) of the solution (3) by the suction channel (24) taking the solution at the bottom of the tank and near the bottom (5) of the ci, to reintroduce simultaneously in the same tank (2) and between the electrodes by the channel (28) under the action of a pump outside the tank (2). (See FIG1).
  • the method and the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts object of the initial patent claim the intermittent filtration of the treated solution (3) during the electrolysis operation and by means of a filter (32) (not shown) independent and appended to the tank (2) comprising a filter material, for example clay granules.
  • the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claims a common material and a common texture for the electrodes, for example the anodes (6) (9) 10), the cathodes ( 7) (8) (11) and the ground electrode (22).
  • each electrode has a wall of generally cylindrical and coaxial shape and that the device comprises at least one neutral support, in FIG 1 two neutral supports (16) (17) of cylindrical shape and inert material, having an inner face and an outer face each covered by an electrode, the electrodes covering the faces of the same support belonging to different electrode pairs.
  • the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claims, for example, the presence of at least three pairs of electrodes, the anode (6) and the cathode (7). , the anode (9) and the cathode (8) and the anode (10) and the cathode (11), and at least two inert supports (16) and (17), the electrodes covering the faces of the same support being connected to the same terminal of the electric generator (4).
  • the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the object of the original patent claims the characteristic that at least one electrode of each pair has a continuous axial opening (not shown). extending from one edge to the other of the electrode for example the electrodes (8) and (10) and / or the electrodes (7) and (9).
  • Said device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claims the presence of emptying means (24) for the treatment tank (2) and filling means (28) for said tank (2) communicating in a closed circuit.
  • the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts according to the initial patent claims the presence of at least two filters (not shown), a production filter (32a) and a finishing filter ( 32b) attached to the tank (2) and comprising clay granules.
  • the present invention relates to technical conditions of composition and use, made to the process for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts object of the original patent filed by the inventor in 1995 and published November 8 1996 under the number 2,733,748, for the sole purpose of adapting said process to technical, technological and ecological developments since the filing of said patent and to substantially optimize the results of said process.
  • the inventor provides in this patent for the addition to the device of the initial patent of an electronic control means (MC) able to manage three new actions.
  • MC electronic control means
  • the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts has electronic control means (MC) allowing successive cuts of the power supply of the device (CA), following durations and a periodicity determined according to the chemical composition of the solution to be treated (3) and the texture of the submerged electrodes (6) to (11).
  • MC electronic control means
  • This action is of great importance because the temporary stopping of feed causes an interaction between the elements in the solution (3) and the electrodes (6) to (11), made of an exchange between the ions contained in the solution ( 3) and said electrodes. The consequence is therefore a return to an electronic equilibrium giving back to the electrodes (6) to (11) all their capacity without loss of material deposited before the power failure.
  • the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts has electronic control means (MC) allowing decoupling ( CM) of the ground electrode (22) provided in the method of the original patent No. 2,733,748 to increase the rate of ionic scouring of the electrodes (6) to (11).
  • This decoupling action of the ground electrode (22) is intended to disorganize the ion system so that the free electrons return to the path of their respective electrodes and the ions are deposited again where they should.
  • the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts has electronic control means (MC) allowing the permanent control and the optimum regulation of the voltage in the treated solution (3) and throughout the duration of the treatment, by means of sensitive probes (ST) introduced between the pairs of electrodes (6) (7), (8) (9), (10) (11) of the device.
  • MC electronic control means
  • ST sensitive probes
  • the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts involves a mass electrode (22) of material and / or texture 2014/000016
  • the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts involves electrodes, anodes (6) (9) (10). and Cathode (7) (8) (11) of different materials and texture depending on the chemical and radiochemical composition (radioactive effluents) of the liquid (3) to be treated. (See FIG 2).
  • the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts involves sensitive probes (ST) of chemically neutral texture and for example in glass, to allow control and regulation of the voltage in the solution to be treated (3), throughout the duration of the operation. (See FIG2).
  • ST sensitive probes
  • the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts involves recovery at the end of the cycle, from the electrodes (6) to ( 11) confined (radioactive elements) and / or their elimination according to the fixed polluting elements, by means adapted to its elements and their level of pollutant effect (See FIG2).
  • the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts provides that the electrodes (6) to (11) immersed in the differential plating tank (2), provided of cylindrical shape and coaxial in the original patent, are of different shape and in particular in the form of plate. In such a case, the initial principle remains unchanged, the electrodes being applied to the faces opposing neutral plate supports, the differential mass (22) being placed in an insulating tube to avoid any electronic distortion.
  • the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts provides that the device allows the use in successive alternating cycles or in continuous operation.
  • the supply of the solution to be treated is operated by the bottom (5) of the tank (2) for example by the pipe (24) and at a slow speed and determined according to the chemical composition and the texture (a solution to be treated (3), the evacuation of the treated solution (3) being carried out in the upper part of the tank by a pipe (28) provided for this purpose (see FIG 2).
  • the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts preferably comprises in the circulation circuit of the solution in treatment (3) and of preferably at the end of the circuit, at least one electro-filtration filter (FEF) intended primarily to fix the residual elements with a low electromotive force still present in the solution (3) after the differential electroplating operation (see FIG.
  • FEF electro-filtration filter
  • the electro filtration filter consists mainly of a cylindrical tank (B) for example made of a plastic material compatible with its operation and performance. It is preferably of dimensions (Height / Diameter) compatible with its operation and optimum performance and has two electrodes (EC1) and (EC2) immersed in a neutral filter material (MF), one of which for example the anode, (EC1) is preferably plated on the inner peripheral plane of the tray (B) and the other for example the cathode (EC2) is pressed on an axial support tube (TS) located in the center of the inner surface of the lower plane of the tray, itself provided at a short distance from a grid (GF).
  • B cylindrical tank
  • MF neutral filter material
  • the electric current passing through the filtering material (MF) is regulated according to the chemical composition of the solution (3) leaving the electrolytic treatment tank (2) and adapted to the resistivity of the assembly, knowing that the Conductivity of the filter material (MF) varies depending on the more or less aqueous liquid it contains (see FIG 3).
  • the solution (3) filtered by passing through the electrofiltration filter (FEF) of the invention then has an optimum quality allowing its release into the environment or for example its reuse in another manufacturing process.
  • FEF electrofiltration filter

Abstract

The invention relates to technical conditions of composition and use applied to the existing method and device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution with a high salt concentration, with the single aim of adapting said method to technical, technological and ecological developments that have taken place since the protection thereof, and substantially optimising the results. To this end, the invention of the present patent application adds, to the device of the initial patent, an electronic control means (MC) that can manage three new actions. Disclosed are also modifications in the quality, function, destination and operation of certain elements of the device as well as the addition of a filter at the end of the electroplating operation, the purpose of which is to optimise the quality of the rejected effluent.

Description

PROCEDE D'OPTIMISATION DE RENDEMENT DE L'EXTRACTION PAR ELECTROLYSE DE METAUX LOURDS EN SOLUTION AQUEUSE A FORTE CONCENTRATION DE SELS ET DISPOSITIF POUR SA MISE EN ŒUVRE.  METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE EFFICIENCY OF EXTRACTION BY ELECTROLYSIS OF HEAVY METALS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH HIGH CONCENTRATION OF SALTS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING IT.
On sait que l'isolation des métaux lourds dissous dans une solution aqueuse peut être obtenue au moyen de l'électrolyse, procédé consistant dans l'immersion dans ladite solution aqueuse, de deux électrodes dont l'une est désignée par « anode » et l'autre par « cathode », elles mêmes reliées à l'une ou l'autre des bornes d'un générateur de courant électrique, pour provoquer dans ladite solution aqueuse la circulation des éléments chargés positivement ou négativement et la concentration sur lesdites électrodes des métaux lourds ainsi isolés. It is known that the isolation of heavy metals dissolved in an aqueous solution can be obtained by means of electrolysis, a process consisting in the immersion in said aqueous solution, of two electrodes of which one is designated "anode" and other by "cathode", they themselves connected to one or the other of the terminals of an electric current generator, for causing in said aqueous solution the circulation of the positively or negatively charged elements and the concentration on said electrodes of the metals heavy and isolated.
Les meilleurs résultats de œ procédé connu sont obtenus le plus souvent lorsque la solution aqueuse présente une faible concentration en sels et une forte concentration en métaux à isoler. Lorsque ce rapport est inversé et que la solution à traiter est de forte concentration en sels et de faible concentration en métaux à isoler, le procédé devient beaucoup moins performant et quasiment inapplicable. The best results of the known process are obtained most often when the aqueous solution has a low concentration of salts and a high concentration of metals to be isolated. When this ratio is reversed and the solution to be treated is of high salt concentration and low concentration of metals to be isolated, the process becomes much less efficient and almost inapplicable.
L'auteur de la présente invention, sensibilisé par ces constatations a apporté une première solution à ce problème par le dépôt le 02/05/1995 du brevet français FR 95 05227 publié le 08/11/1996 sous le N° 2 733 748, ci-après désigné par « brevet Initial ». The author of the present invention, sensitized by these findings has provided a first solution to this problem by filing 02/05/1995 French patent FR 95 05227 published on 08/11/1996 under No. 2,733,748, hereinafter referred to as "Initial patent".
Ce brevet initial, français et déposé en 1995, concerne un procédé et le dispositif destiné à le mettre en œuvre, consistant à capter les éléments ionisés ou en suspension d'un effluent radioactif ou non sur des électrodes, par une méthode électrolytique dite « électrodéposition différentielle ».  This initial patent, French and filed in 1995, relates to a method and the device for carrying it out, consisting in capturing the ionized elements or in suspension of a radioactive effluent or not on the electrodes, by an electrolytic method called "electrodeposition differential ".
Il revendique principalement un procédé d'électrolyse et le dispositif pour le mettre en œuvre, caractérisé par l'adjonction dans la solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels contenue dans une cuve, d'une électrode supplémentaire désignée « électrode de masse » de même matériau et même texture que les autres électrodes (anode et cathode) et indépendamment reliée à une masse du générateur de courant électrique. Cette électrode de masse rapportée au dispositif habituel d'électrolyse, a pour effet de limiter ou annihiler les conséquences de la forte concentration de sels présente dans la solution aqueuse, qui s'oppose à la circulation du courant dans ladite solution et altère ainsi l'efficacité du procédé. It mainly claims an electrolysis process and the device for carrying it out, characterized by the addition in the aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts contained in a tank, of an additional electrode designated "mass electrode" of the same material and same texture as the other electrodes (anode and cathode) and independently connected to a mass of the electric power generator. This electrode of mass compared to the usual device of electrolysis, has the effect of limiting or annihilating the consequences of the high concentration of salts present in the aqueous solution, which opposes the circulation of the current in said solution and thus alters the efficiency of the process.
L'immersion de ladite électrode de masse qui n'a qu'une fonction de connexion électrique et ne reçoit pas de métaux lourds contrairement à l'anode et la cathode du dispositif, permet d'obtenir les mêmes résultats que ceux obtenus dans le cas d'une électrolyse classique, c'est-à-dire avec une solution à faible concentration de sels et cela dans une durée de cycle similaire.  The immersion of the said ground electrode which has only one electrical connection function and does not receive heavy metals, unlike the anode and the cathode of the device, makes it possible to obtain the same results as those obtained in the case conventional electrolysis, that is to say with a solution with low salt concentration and this in a similar cycle time.
Ledit brevet revendique également un procédé d'électrolyse et le dispositif pour le mettre en œuvre, caractérisé en ce qu'un brassage intermittent en circuit fermé de la solution est opéré au moyen d'un élément d'activation par exemple un pompe, assurant la vidange et le remplissage simultané de la cuve du dispositif. Ce brassage de la solution à traiter est réalisé pour éviter que sous l'effet du passage du courant les différentes espèces présentes dans la solution s'organisent pour faire obstacle à la fixation des métaux lourds. Il permet de préserver l'homogénéité de la solution pendant l'opération d'électrolyse.  Said patent also claims an electrolysis process and the device for carrying it out, characterized in that an intermittent closed circuit mixing of the solution is operated by means of an activation element, for example a pump, ensuring the emptying and simultaneous filling of the tank of the device. This stirring of the solution to be treated is carried out to avoid that under the effect of the passage of the current the different species present in the solution are organized to obstruct the fixing of heavy metals. It makes it possible to preserve the homogeneity of the solution during the electrolysis operation.
Il revendique également la mise en circulation intermittente pendant l'opération d'électrolyse de la solution à traiter, entre d'une par la cuve d'électrolyse et d'autre part un filtre contenant par exemple des granulés d'argile. Animée préférablement par une pompe cette circulation de la solution entre la cuve d'électrolyse et le filtre permet de filtrer la solution pour retenir par filtration certains produits de fission difficilement isolables par l'électrolyse. En fin d'électrolyse, la solution ainsi traitée et filtrée rejoint une cuve et un dernier filtre de finition qui affine la filtration pour obtenir une extraction d'un maximum de métaux lourds avant rejet  It also claims the intermittent circulation during the electrolysis operation of the solution to be treated, between one by the electrolytic cell and on the other hand a filter containing for example clay granules. Animated preferably by a pump this circulation of the solution between the electrolytic cell and the filter allows to filter the solution to retain by filtration some fission products difficult to isolate by electrolysis. At the end of electrolysis, the solution thus treated and filtered joins a tank and a final finishing filter which refines the filtration to obtain an extraction of a maximum of heavy metals before rejection
Enfin ce brevet revendique également les composants du dispositif, par exemple la forme, la disposition et le matériau de constitution des diverses électrodes, leur connexion etc. Finally, this patent also claims the components of the device, for example the shape, the arrangement and the material of constitution of the various electrodes, their connection, etc.
La mise en œuvre de ce procédé, l'évolution des technologies et les exigences en matière d'écologie ont conduit l'inventeur à faire évoluer le procédé issu du brevet initial précité de manière à l'adapter à ces changements et obtenir ainsi une qualité optimum du liquide rejeté après épuration et une conformité avec les normes actuelles en vigueur par exemple dans les secteurs du nucléaire, du médical, de la métallurgie etc. Dans cet objectif, l'inventeur prévoit dans le présent brevet d'invention l'adjonction au dispositif du brevet initial d'un moyen de commande électronique à même de gérer trois actions nouvelles. Il prévoit également des modifications dans la qualité, la fonction, la destination et le fonctionnement de certains éléments du dispositif de l'invention ainsi que l'adjonction d'un filtre en fin d'opération d'électrodéposition, dont la mission est d'optimiser la qualité de l'effluent rejeté en fixant les composants à faible force électromotrice entraînés par les mouvements ioniques résiduels. Le moyen de commande électronique apporté au dispositif du brevet initial a pour première fonction l'application de coupures successives de l'alimentation électrique du dispositif, suivant une périodicité déterminée selon la composition chimique de la solution à traiter. The implementation of this process, the evolution of the technologies and the requirements in terms of ecology have led the inventor to change the process resulting from the aforementioned initial patent so as to adapt to these changes and thus obtain a quality optimum of the liquid rejected after purification and compliance with the current standards in force for example in the nuclear, medical, metallurgy etc. sectors. For this purpose, the inventor provides in this patent for the addition to the device of the initial patent of an electronic control means able to manage three new actions. It also provides for modifications in the quality, function, destination and operation of certain elements of the device of the invention as well as the addition of a filter at the end of the electroplating operation, whose mission is to optimize the quality of the effluent released by fixing the low electromotive force components driven by the residual ion movements. The electronic control means provided to the device of the initial patent has as a first function the application of successive cuts of the power supply of the device, at a periodicity determined according to the chemical composition of the solution to be treated.
Cette action a une grande importance car l'arrêt temporaire d'alimentation entraîne une interaction entre les éléments dans la solution et les électrodes, faite d'un échange entre les ions contenus dans la solution et les électrodes. La conséquence est donc un retour à un équilibre électronique redonnant aux électrodes toute leur capacité sans perte de matière déposée avant la coupure d'alimentation. La deuxième fonction du moyen de commande électronique apporté au dispositif du brevet initial consiste à découpler l'électrode de masse interne prévue dans le procédé du brevet initial N° 2 733 748 pour augmenter la rapidité du décrassage ionique des électrodes.  This action is of great importance because the temporary stopping of feed causes an interaction between the elements in the solution and the electrodes, made of an exchange between the ions contained in the solution and the electrodes. The consequence is a return to an electronic equilibrium giving the electrodes their full capacity without loss of material deposited before the power failure. The second function of the electronic control means provided to the device of the original patent is to decouple the internal ground electrode provided in the process of the original patent No. 2,733,748 to increase the rate of ionic scouring of the electrodes.
Cette action de découplage de l'électrode de masse a pour but de désorganiser le système ionique de manière à ce que les électrons libres retrouvent le chemin de leur électrode respective et que les ions se déposent à nouveau où ils doivent.  This decoupling action of the mass electrode is intended to disorganize the ion system so that the free electrons find the path of their respective electrode and the ions are deposited again where they should.
La troisième fonction du moyen de commande électronique apporté au dispositif du brevet initial consiste à maintenir et réguler pendant toute l'opération d'électrodéposition différentielle, une tension optimum constante dans la solution à traiter, à partir de senseur disposés dans la solution à traiter et entre les électrodes du dispositif. On sait que la résistivité de l'ensemble varie continuellement en fonction de la masse qui se dépose sur les électrodes. Le contrôle et le maintien d'une tension constante entre les électrodes est donc un facteur essentiel dans le procédé. The third function of the electronic control means provided to the device of the initial patent is to maintain and regulate throughout the differential electroplating operation, a constant optimum voltage in the solution to be treated, from sensor arranged in the solution to be treated and between the electrodes of the device. It is known that the resistivity of the assembly varies continuously as a function of the mass deposited on the electrodes. Controlling and maintaining a constant voltage between the electrodes is therefore an essential factor in the process.
Ces actions particulières appliquées au fonctionnement du dispositif du brevet initial par un moyen de commande électronique rapporté, renforcent l'efficacité du procédé d'extraction de métaux lourds, pour mieux l'adapter aux évolutions technologiques et nouvelles exigences techniques et écologiques. These particular actions applied to the operation of the device of the initial patent by a reported electronic control means, reinforce the efficiency of the process of extraction of heavy metals, to better adapt to technological developments and new technical and ecological requirements.
Ce moyen de commande électronique permet ainsi tous les contrôles, réglages et régulation ainsi que la transmission des informations nécessaires au bon déroulement des opérations et la mémorisation de celles-ci. This electronic control means thus allows all the controls, adjustments and regulation as well as the transmission of the information necessary for the smooth running of the operations and the memorization thereof.
Toujours dans le souci d'améliorer les performances du dispositif du brevet initial, le dispositif du présent brevet prévoit que le matériau et la texture de l'électrode de masse du dispositif soient différents du matériau et de la texture des électrodes soit de l'anode et de la cathode. Still with the aim of improving the performance of the device of the original patent, the device of this patent provides that the material and the texture of the device's ground electrode are different from the material and the texture of the electrodes or of the anode. and the cathode.
Le dispositif du présent brevet prévoit également que les matériaux et textures des électrodes soient différents. Ainsi l'anode et la Cathode peuvent être fabriqués dans des matériaux totalement différents et déterminés selon la composition chimique et radiochimique (Effluents radioactifs) de la solution à traiter. The device of this patent also provides that the materials and textures of the electrodes are different. Thus the anode and the cathode can be manufactured in totally different materials and determined according to the chemical and radiochemical composition (radioactive effluents) of the solution to be treated.
Dans les caractéristiques apportées au dispositif du brevet initial pour en améliorer les performances et le rendement, le dispositif de présent brevet prévoit que les senseurs placés entre les électrodes, pour permettre de contrôler et réguler tout au long de l'opération d'électrolyse différentielle la tension dans la solution en traitement, soient de texture chimiquement neutre telle que par exemple celle d'une électrode de verre référentielle utilisée en mesure chimique. In the features provided to the device of the original patent to improve performance and efficiency, the device of this patent provides that the sensors placed between the electrodes, to allow control and regulate throughout the differential electrolysis operation the voltage in the solution in treatment, are of chemically neutral texture such as for example that of a referential glass electrode used in chemical measurement.
Le dispositif du présent brevet qui complète et modifie les caractéristiques, la composition et le fonctionnement du dispositif du brevet initial, prévoit que les électrodes chargées d'éléments polluants capturés au cours de l'opération d'électrolyse soient au terme de l'opération brûlées ou confinées (éléments radioactifs) selon le type ou grade des effets polluants, les effluents traités étant rejetés dans l'environnement ou réutilisés industriellement compte tenu de leur qualité. The device of this patent which completes and modifies the characteristics, the composition and the operation of the device of the initial patent, provides that the electrodes charged with pollutants captured during the electrolysis operation at the end of the operation, they are burned or contained (radioactive elements) depending on the type or grade of the polluting effects, the treated effluents being released into the environment or reused industrially, taking into account their quality.
Le brevet de la présente invention, prévoit également que les électrodes plongées dans la cuve d'électrodéposition différentielle, prévues de forme cylindrique et coaxiales dans le brevet initial, soient de forme différente et notamment sous la forme de plaque. Dans un tel cas, le principe initial reste inchangé, les électrodes étant appliquées sur les faces opposées de supports neutres en plaques, la masse différentielle étant placée dans un tube isolant pour éviter toute distorsion électronique. The patent of the present invention also provides that the electrodes immersed in the differential plating tank, provided of cylindrical shape and coaxial in the original patent, are of different shape and in particular in the form of plate. In such a case, the initial principle remains unchanged, the electrodes being applied to the opposite faces of neutral plate supports, the differential mass being placed in an insulating tube to avoid any electronic distortion.
Le brevet de la présente invention prévoit que le dispositif permette l'utilisation en cycles successifs alternatifs ou en fonctionnement continu. Dans ce dernier cas, l'alimentation de la solution à traiter est opérée par le bas de la cuve et à vitesse lente et déterminée en fonction de la composition chimique et de la texture de la solution à traiter, l'évacuation de la solution traitée étant réalisée en partie haute de la cuve par une canalisation prévue à cet effet Dans le souci d'obtenir en fin d'opération un effluent rejeté le plus épuré possible, le présent brevet prévoit , l'adjonction ou le remplacement en fin de dispositif d'un filtre d'électro filtration destiné principalement à fixer les éléments résiduels à faible force électromotrice, présents encore dans la solution au terme du procédé d'électrodéposition différentielle. The patent of the present invention provides that the device allows the use in successive alternating cycles or in continuous operation. In the latter case, the supply of the solution to be treated is operated by the bottom of the tank and at a slow speed and determined according to the chemical composition and the texture of the solution to be treated, the evacuation of the treated solution. being carried out in the upper part of the tank by a pipe provided for this purpose In order to obtain at the end of the operation a rejected effluent as refined as possible, the present patent provides for the addition or replacement at the end of the device. an electro-filtration filter intended primarily to fix the residual electromotive weak elements, still present in the solution at the end of the differential electroplating process.
En effet, il a été constaté que les éléments ionisés contenus dans l'effluent dont la force électromotrice est très faible ou nulle, traversent le filtre primaire et le bain de traitement électrolytique sans être captés ou seulement en infime proportion. Ces éléments se fixent alors aisément sur les filtres secondaires. Indeed, it has been found that the ionized elements contained in the effluent whose electromotive force is very low or zero, pass through the primary filter and the electrolytic treatment bath without being captured or only in a small proportion. These elements are then easily attached to the secondary filters.
Cet état de fait est semble-t-il du au fait que l'effluent quittant l'électrolyse n'a pas encore atteint sa stabilité ionique provoquant la formation de colloïdes se fixant sur la matière filtrante.  This state of affairs is apparently due to the fact that the effluent leaving the electrolysis has not yet reached its ionic stability, causing the formation of colloids which bind to the filtering material.
Le filtre d'électro filtration de la présente invention a pour but d'exploiter cette caractéristique pour fixer plus facilement lesdits composants à faible force électromotrice, qui sont entraînés par le jeu des mouvements ioniques faibles encore existants, amplifié par la configuration dudit filtre d'électro filtration. The electro-filtration filter of the present invention aims to exploit this feature to more easily fix said low-force components. electromotive, which are driven by the play of weak ionic movements still existing, amplified by the configuration of said electro filtration filter.
Ledit filtre d'électrodéposition est principalement constitué d'un bac cylindrique par exemple fabriqué dans une matière plastique compatible avec son fonctionnement et ses performances. Il est préférablement de dimensions (Hauteur / Diamètre) compatibles avec son fonctionnement et ses performances optimum et dispose de deux électrodes plongées dans une matière filtrante neutre, dont l'une par exemple l'anode, est préférablement plaquée sur le plan périphérique intérieur du bac et l'autre par exemple la cathode est plaquée sur un tube support axial situé au centre de la surface interne du plan inférieur du bac. Said electroplating filter consists mainly of a cylindrical tank for example made of a plastic material compatible with its operation and performance. It is preferably of dimensions (Height / Diameter) compatible with its operation and optimum performance and has two electrodes immersed in a neutral filter material, one of which for example the anode, is preferably plated on the inner peripheral plane of the tray and the other for example the cathode is plated on an axial support tube located in the center of the inner surface of the lower plane of the tray.
Le courant électrique passant au travers de la matière filtrante est régulé selon la composition chimique de la solution sortant du bac de traitement électrolytique et adapté à la résistivité de l'ensemble sachant que la conductibilité de la matière filtrante varie selon le liquide plus ou moins aqueux qu'elle contient  The electric current passing through the filtering material is regulated according to the chemical composition of the solution leaving the electrolytic treatment tank and adapted to the resistivity of the assembly, knowing that the conductivity of the filtering material varies according to the more or less aqueous liquid. it contains
La solution filtrée par son passage au sein du filtre d'électro filtration de l'invention dispose alors d'une qualité optimum permettant son rejet dans l'environnement ou par exemple sa réutilisation dans un autre procédé de fabrication.  The solution filtered through its passage through the electro-filtration filter of the invention then has an optimum quality allowing its release into the environment or for example its reuse in another manufacturing process.
Dans une application nucléaire, les éléments radioactifs sont quasiment extraits de l'effluent qui peut alors être éliminé dans l'environnement sans risque, les éléments radioactifs étant quant à eux confinés suivant les méthodes connues. In a nuclear application, the radioactive elements are almost extracted from the effluent which can then be eliminated in the environment without risk, the radioactive elements being themselves confined according to the known methods.
La description suivante en regard des dessins annexés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, permettra de comprendre comment l'invention peut être mise en pratique. The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of non-limiting examples will make it possible to understand how the invention can be put into practice.
La figure 1 est une vue en coupe schématique médiane de l'élément principal du dispositif du brevet initial, constitué par une cuve d'électrolyse par exemple cylindrique, équipée des électrodes et moyens d'alimentation en énergie électrique et en solution à traiter. Figure 1 is a schematic central sectional view of the main element of the device of the original patent, consisting of an electrolytic tank, for example cylindrical, equipped with electrodes and means for supplying electrical energy and in solution to be treated.
La figure 2 est une vue en coupe schématique de l'élément principal du dispositif du brevet initial modifié selon les éléments techniques revendiqués par le présent brevet La figure 3 est une vue en coupe schématique médiane du filtre d'électro filtration de la présente invention. La présente invention fait suite à un brevet déposé par le même auteur en mai 1995 et publiée le 8 novembre 1996 sous le numéro 2 733 748, concernant un procédé d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration de sels, au moyen de l'électrolyse. Ce brevet est désigné ci-après par la mention « brevet initial ». FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic sectional view of the main element of the device of the initial patent modified according to the technical elements claimed by the present patent. Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the electrofiltration filter of the present invention. The present invention follows a patent filed by the same author in May 1995 and published on November 8, 1996 under the number 2,733,748, concerning a process for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts, by means of electrolysis. This patent is hereinafter referred to as "initial patent".
Pour une meilleure compréhension de la présente demande de brevet, il est repris ci- dessous les éléments déterminants des principales revendications dudit brevet initial en référence avec la figure 1 du présent brevet For a better understanding of the present patent application, the essential elements of the main claims of said initial patent are given below with reference to FIG. 1 of this patent.
Le procédé et le dispositif d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration en sels objet du brevet initial revendiquent une cuve d'électrolyse (2) de forme cylindrique et d'axe (14) contenant une solution aqueuse (3) à forte concentration de sels, dans laquelle est plongée au moins un couple d'électrodes. Sur le schéma FIG 1 du présent brevet, trois couples d'électrodes sont représentés par exemple l'anode (6) et la cathode (7), l'anode (9) et la cathode (8) et l'anode (10) et la cathode (11), alimentées aux bornes correspondantes d'un générateur électrique (4) et une électrode de masse (22) reliée de préférence à la masse (M) dudit générateur (4). L'électrode de masse (22) est séparée de l'électrode (11) par un écran en polyamide (23) afin d'éviter toute interaction électrolytique entre ces deux électrodes. Le procédé et le dispositif d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration en sels objet du brevet initial revendiquent un brassage intermittent en circuit fermé au cours du cycle d'électrolyse, animé par une pompe (non représentée) opérant le déplacement de la solution (3), en vidangeant la cuve (2) de la solution (3) par le canal d'aspiration (24) prélevant la solution en partie basse de la cuve et près du fond (5) de celle-ci, pour la réintroduire simultanément dans la même cuve (2) et entre les électrodes par le canal (28) sous l'action d'une pompe extérieure à la cuve (2) . (Voir FIG1). Le procédé et le dispositif d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration en sels objet du brevet initial revendiquent la filtration par intermittence de la solution traitée (3), durant l'opération d'électrolyse et au moyen d'un filtre (32) (non représenté) indépendant et annexé à la cuve (2) comprenant une matière filtrante, par exemple des granulés d'argile. The method and the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claim an electrolysis cell (2) of cylindrical shape and of axis (14) containing an aqueous solution ( 3) with a high concentration of salts, in which at least one pair of electrodes is immersed. In the FIG. 1 diagram of this patent, three pairs of electrodes are represented, for example, the anode (6) and the cathode (7), the anode (9) and the cathode (8) and the anode (10). and the cathode (11) fed to the corresponding terminals of an electric generator (4) and a ground electrode (22) preferably connected to the ground (M) of said generator (4). The ground electrode (22) is separated from the electrode (11) by a polyamide screen (23) to avoid any electrolytic interaction between these two electrodes. The method and the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts object of the initial patent claim intermittent mixing in closed circuit during the electrolysis cycle, driven by a pump (not shown) operating the displacement of the solution (3), by emptying the tank (2) of the solution (3) by the suction channel (24) taking the solution at the bottom of the tank and near the bottom (5) of the ci, to reintroduce simultaneously in the same tank (2) and between the electrodes by the channel (28) under the action of a pump outside the tank (2). (See FIG1). The method and the device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts object of the initial patent claim the intermittent filtration of the treated solution (3) during the electrolysis operation and by means of a filter (32) (not shown) independent and appended to the tank (2) comprising a filter material, for example clay granules.
Le dispositif d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration en sels objet du brevet initial revendique un matériau commun et une texture commune pour les électrodes par exemples les anodes (6) (9) 10), les cathodes (7) (8) (11) et l'électrode de masse (22). The device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claims a common material and a common texture for the electrodes, for example the anodes (6) (9) 10), the cathodes ( 7) (8) (11) and the ground electrode (22).
Le dispositif d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration en sels objet du brevet initial revendique les caractéristiques de forme et de position des électrodes (6) (9) (10) (7) (8) (11), à savoir : que chaque électrode a une paroi de forme générale cylindrique et coaxiale et que le dispositif comprend au moins un support neutre, sur la FIG 1 deux supports neutres (16) (17) de forme cylindrique et en matériau inerte, présentant une face interne et une face externe recouvertes chacune par une électrode, les électrodes recouvrant les faces d'un même support appartenant à des couples d'électrodes différents. The device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts according to the original patent claims the shape and position characteristics of the electrodes (6) (9) (10) (7) (8) (11). ), namely: that each electrode has a wall of generally cylindrical and coaxial shape and that the device comprises at least one neutral support, in FIG 1 two neutral supports (16) (17) of cylindrical shape and inert material, having an inner face and an outer face each covered by an electrode, the electrodes covering the faces of the same support belonging to different electrode pairs.
Le dispositif d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration en sels objet du brevet initial, revendique par exemple la présence d'au moins trois couples d'électrodes l'anode (6) et la cathode (7), l'anode (9) et la cathode (8) et l'anode (10) et la cathode (11), et au moins deux supports inertes (16) et (17), les électrodes recouvrant les faces d'un même support étant reliées à la même borne du générateur électrique (4). The device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claims, for example, the presence of at least three pairs of electrodes, the anode (6) and the cathode (7). , the anode (9) and the cathode (8) and the anode (10) and the cathode (11), and at least two inert supports (16) and (17), the electrodes covering the faces of the same support being connected to the same terminal of the electric generator (4).
Le dispositif d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration en sels objet du brevet initial, revendique la caractéristique consistant en ce qu'au moins une électrode de chaque couple présente une ouverture axiale continue (non représentées) s'étendant d'un bord à l'autre de l'électrode par exemple les électrodes (8) et (10) et/ou les électrodes (7) et (9). Ledit dispositif d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration en sels objet du brevet initial revendique la présence de moyens de vidange (24) de la cuve (2) de traitement et de moyens de remplissage (28) de ladite cuve (2) communiquant en circuit fermé. The device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the object of the original patent claims the characteristic that at least one electrode of each pair has a continuous axial opening (not shown). extending from one edge to the other of the electrode for example the electrodes (8) and (10) and / or the electrodes (7) and (9). Said device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts which is the subject of the initial patent claims the presence of emptying means (24) for the treatment tank (2) and filling means (28) for said tank (2) communicating in a closed circuit.
Le dispositif d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration en sels objet du brevet initial revendique la présence d'au moins deux filtres (non représentés), un filtre de production (32a) et un filtre de finition (32b) annexés à la cuve (2) et comprenant des granulés d'argile. The device for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts according to the initial patent claims the presence of at least two filters (not shown), a production filter (32a) and a finishing filter ( 32b) attached to the tank (2) and comprising clay granules.
La présente invention concerne des conditions techniques de composition et d'utilisation, apportées au procédé d'extraction de métaux lourds d'une solution aqueuse présentant une forte concentration de sels objet du brevet initial déposé par l'inventeur en 1995 et publié le 8 novembre 1996 sous le numéro 2 733 748, dans le but unique d'adapter ledit procédé aux évolutions techniques, technologiques et écologiques intervenues depuis le dépôt dudit brevet et d'optimiser sensiblement les résultats dudit procédé. Dans cet objectif, l'inventeur prévoit dans le présent brevet d'invention l'adjonction au dispositif du brevet initial d'un moyen de commande électronique (MC) à même de gérer trois actions nouvelles. Il prévoit également des modifications dans la qualité, la fonction, la destination et le fonctionnement de certains éléments du dispositif de l'invention ainsi que l'adjonction d'un filtre électronique particulier en fin d'opération d 'électrodéposition, dont la mission est d'optimiser la qualité de l'effluent rejeté en fixant les composants à faible force électromotrice entraînés par les mouvements ioniques résiduels. (Voir FIG 2). The present invention relates to technical conditions of composition and use, made to the process for extracting heavy metals from an aqueous solution having a high concentration of salts object of the original patent filed by the inventor in 1995 and published November 8 1996 under the number 2,733,748, for the sole purpose of adapting said process to technical, technological and ecological developments since the filing of said patent and to substantially optimize the results of said process. For this purpose, the inventor provides in this patent for the addition to the device of the initial patent of an electronic control means (MC) able to manage three new actions. It also provides for modifications in the quality, function, destination and operation of certain elements of the device of the invention as well as the addition of a particular electronic filter at the end of the electroplating operation, the mission of which is to optimize the quality of the effluent released by fixing the low electromotive force components driven by the residual ion movements. (See FIG 2).
Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'optimisation de rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels, dispose de moyens électroniques de commande (MC) permettant des coupures successives de l'alimentation électrique du dispositif (CA), suivant des durées et une périodicité déterminées selon la composition chimique de la solution à traiter(3) et la texture des électrodes immergées(6) à (11). Cette action a une grande importance car l'arrêt temporaire d'alimentation entraîne une interaction entre les éléments dans la solution (3) et les électrodes (6) à (11), faite d'un échange entre les ions contenus dans la solution (3) et lesdites électrodes. La conséquence est donc un retour à un équilibre électronique redonnant aux électrodes (6) à (11) toute leur capacité sans perte de matière déposée avant la coupure d'alimentation. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts, has electronic control means (MC) allowing successive cuts of the power supply of the device (CA), following durations and a periodicity determined according to the chemical composition of the solution to be treated (3) and the texture of the submerged electrodes (6) to (11). This action is of great importance because the temporary stopping of feed causes an interaction between the elements in the solution (3) and the electrodes (6) to (11), made of an exchange between the ions contained in the solution ( 3) and said electrodes. The consequence is therefore a return to an electronic equilibrium giving back to the electrodes (6) to (11) all their capacity without loss of material deposited before the power failure.
Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'optimisation de rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels, dispose de moyens électroniques de commande (MC)) permettant des découplages (CM) de l'électrode de masse (22) prévue dans le procédé du brevet initial N° 2 733 748 pour augmenter la rapidité du décrassage ionique des électrodes (6) à (11). According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts, has electronic control means (MC) allowing decoupling ( CM) of the ground electrode (22) provided in the method of the original patent No. 2,733,748 to increase the rate of ionic scouring of the electrodes (6) to (11).
Cette action de découplage de l'électrode de masse (22) a pour but de désorganiser le système ionique de manière à ce que les électrons libres retrouvent le chemin de leur électrode respective et que les ions se déposent à nouveau où ils se doivent.  This decoupling action of the ground electrode (22) is intended to disorganize the ion system so that the free electrons return to the path of their respective electrodes and the ions are deposited again where they should.
Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'optimisation de rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels, dispose de moyens électroniques de commande (MC) permettant le contrôle permanent et la régulation optimum de la tension dans la solution traitée (3) et pendant toute la durée du traitement, au moyen de sondes sensibles (ST) introduites entre les couples d'électrodes (6)(7), (8)(9), (10)(11) du dispositif. Ces moyens permettent également toutes les fonctions de contrôle, régulation et communication des informations permettant la bonne gestion du dispositif. (Voir FIG2) According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts, has electronic control means (MC) allowing the permanent control and the optimum regulation of the voltage in the treated solution (3) and throughout the duration of the treatment, by means of sensitive probes (ST) introduced between the pairs of electrodes (6) (7), (8) (9), (10) (11) of the device. These means also allow all functions of control, regulation and communication of information for the proper management of the device. (See FIG2)
Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'optimisation de rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels implique une électrode de masse (22) de matériau et/ou texture 2014/000016 According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts involves a mass electrode (22) of material and / or texture 2014/000016
différents de ceux des autres électrodes anode (6) (9) (10) et cathode (7) (8) (11). La masse constituée par l'électrode de masse (22) devant rester unique dans le système, tous les autres constituants du dispositif en contact avec le liquide (3) et par exemple cuve, filtres, tubes, tuyaux, pompes, etc. ne sont en aucun cas conducteur de l'électricité et par conséquent fabriqués dans les matériaux isolants adéquats.(Voir FI6 2) different from those of the other anode electrodes (6) (9) (10) and cathode (7) (8) (11). The mass constituted by the ground electrode (22) to remain unique in the system, all other components of the device in contact with the liquid (3) and for example tank, filters, tubes, pipes, pumps, etc. are in no way electrically conductive and therefore made of suitable insulating materials (see FI6 2)
Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'optimisation de rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels, implique des électrodes, anodes (6)(9)(10) et Cathode(7)(8)(ll) de matériaux et texture différents selon la composition chimique et radiochimique (effluents radioactifs) du liquide (3) à traiter. (Voir FIG 2). According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts, involves electrodes, anodes (6) (9) (10). and Cathode (7) (8) (11) of different materials and texture depending on the chemical and radiochemical composition (radioactive effluents) of the liquid (3) to be treated. (See FIG 2).
Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'optimisation de rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels, implique des sondes sensibles (ST) de texture chimiquement neutre et par exemple en verre, pour permettre le contrôle et la régulation de la tension dans la solution à traiter (3), pendant toute la durée de l'opération. (Voir FIG2). Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'optimisation de rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels implique la récupération en fin de cycle, des électrodes (6) à (11) confinées (éléments radioactifs) et/ou leur élimination selon les éléments polluants fixés, par des moyens adaptés à ses éléments et à leur niveau d'effet polluant (Voir FIG2). According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts, involves sensitive probes (ST) of chemically neutral texture and for example in glass, to allow control and regulation of the voltage in the solution to be treated (3), throughout the duration of the operation. (See FIG2). According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts involves recovery at the end of the cycle, from the electrodes (6) to ( 11) confined (radioactive elements) and / or their elimination according to the fixed polluting elements, by means adapted to its elements and their level of pollutant effect (See FIG2).
Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'optimisation de rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels, prévoit que les électrodes(6) à (11) plongées dans la cuve d'électrodéposition différentielle (2), prévues de forme cylindrique et coaxiales dans le brevet initial, soient de forme différente et notamment sous la forme de plaque. Dans un tel cas, le principe initial reste inchangé, les électrodes étant appliquées sur les faces opposées de supports neutres en plaques, la masse différentielle (22) étant placée dans un tube isolant pour éviter toute distorsion électronique. Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'optimisation de rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels, prévoit que le dispositif permette l'utilisation en cycles successifs alternatifs ou en fonctionnement continu. Dans ce dernier cas, l'alimentation de la solution à traiter est opérée par le bas (5) de la cuve (2) par exemple par la canalisation (24) et à vitesse lente et déterminée en fonction de la composition chimique et de la texture de (a solution à traiter (3), l'évacuation de la solution traitée (3) étant réalisée en partie haute de la cuve par une canalisation (28) prévue à cet effet. (Voir FIG 2). Selon le mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le dispositif d'optimisation de rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels, comprend de préférence dans le circuit de circulation de la solution en traitement (3) et de préférence en fin de circuit, au moins un filtre d'électro filtration (FEF) destiné principalement à fixer les éléments résiduels à faible force élèctromotrice encore présents dans la solution (3) après l'opération d'électrodéposition différentielle. (Voir FIG 3) According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts, provides that the electrodes (6) to (11) immersed in the differential plating tank (2), provided of cylindrical shape and coaxial in the original patent, are of different shape and in particular in the form of plate. In such a case, the initial principle remains unchanged, the electrodes being applied to the faces opposing neutral plate supports, the differential mass (22) being placed in an insulating tube to avoid any electronic distortion. According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts, provides that the device allows the use in successive alternating cycles or in continuous operation. In the latter case, the supply of the solution to be treated is operated by the bottom (5) of the tank (2) for example by the pipe (24) and at a slow speed and determined according to the chemical composition and the texture (a solution to be treated (3), the evacuation of the treated solution (3) being carried out in the upper part of the tank by a pipe (28) provided for this purpose (see FIG 2). preferred embodiment of the invention, the device for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high concentration of salts, preferably comprises in the circulation circuit of the solution in treatment (3) and of preferably at the end of the circuit, at least one electro-filtration filter (FEF) intended primarily to fix the residual elements with a low electromotive force still present in the solution (3) after the differential electroplating operation (see FIG.
Le filtre d'électro filtration (FEF) est principalement constitué d'un bac cylindrique (B) par exemple fabriqué dans une matière plastique compatible avec son fonctionnement et ses performances. Il est préférablemeht de dimensions (Hauteur / Diamètre) compatibles avec son fonctionnement et ses performances optimum et dispose de deux électrodes (EC1) et (EC2) plongées dans une matière filtrante neutre (MF), dont l'une par exemple l'anode, (EC1) est préférablement plaquée sur le plan périphérique intérieur du bac (B) et l'autre par exemple la cathode (EC2) est plaquée sur un tube support (TS) axial situé au centre de la surface interne du plan inférieur du bac, elle-même munie à faible distance d'une grille (GF). Le courant électrique passant au travers de la matière filtrante (MF) est régulé selon la composition chimique de la solution (3) sortant du bac de traitement électrolytique (2) et adapté à la résistivité de l'ensemble sachant que la conductibilité de la matière filtrante (MF) varie selon le liquide plus ou moins aqueux qu'elle contient (Voir FIG 3). The electro filtration filter (FEF) consists mainly of a cylindrical tank (B) for example made of a plastic material compatible with its operation and performance. It is preferably of dimensions (Height / Diameter) compatible with its operation and optimum performance and has two electrodes (EC1) and (EC2) immersed in a neutral filter material (MF), one of which for example the anode, (EC1) is preferably plated on the inner peripheral plane of the tray (B) and the other for example the cathode (EC2) is pressed on an axial support tube (TS) located in the center of the inner surface of the lower plane of the tray, itself provided at a short distance from a grid (GF). The electric current passing through the filtering material (MF) is regulated according to the chemical composition of the solution (3) leaving the electrolytic treatment tank (2) and adapted to the resistivity of the assembly, knowing that the Conductivity of the filter material (MF) varies depending on the more or less aqueous liquid it contains (see FIG 3).
La solution (3) filtrée par son passage au sein du filtre d'électro filtration (FEF) de l'invention dispose alors d'une qualité optimum permettant son rejet dans l'environnement ou par exemple sa réutilisation dans un autre procédé de fabrication. Dans une application nucléaire, les éléments radioactifs sont quasiment extraits de Peffluent (3) qui peut alors être éliminé dans l'environnement sans risque, les éléments radioactifs étant quant à eux confinés suivant les méthodes connues.  The solution (3) filtered by passing through the electrofiltration filter (FEF) of the invention then has an optimum quality allowing its release into the environment or for example its reuse in another manufacturing process. In a nuclear application, the radioactive elements are almost extracted from Peffluent (3) which can then be eliminated in the environment without risk, the radioactive elements being themselves confined according to the known methods.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS. CLAIMS.
1.- Procédé destiné à optimiser le rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels, caractérisé en ce qu'il associe pour sa mise en œuvre : 1. A process for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts, characterized in that it combines for its implementation:
a) La gestion, le contrôle et la régulation des opérations liées à l'extraction des métaux lourds par électrolyse en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels. b) Une nouvelle définition technique des éléments actifs tels que les électrodes (6) à (11), (22) et les sondes sensibles (ST).  a) The management, control and regulation of operations related to the extraction of heavy metals by electrolysis in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts. b) A new technical definition of active elements such as electrodes (6) to (11), (22) and sensitive probes (ST).
c) Une nouvelle gamme d'opérations.  c) A new range of operations.
d) Des moyens supplémentaires de filtration (FEF) de la solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels traitée.  d) Additional means of filtration (FEF) of the aqueous solution with high concentration of salts treated.
2.- Procédé destiné à optimiser le rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que les moyens électroniques de commande (MC) en charge d'assurer la gestion, le contrôle et la régulation des opérations, commandent l'interruption de l'alimentation électrique (CA) du dispositif d'électrolyse pour des durées limitées successives et une périodicité déterminées selon la composition chimique de la solution à traiter (3) et la texture des électrodes utilisées (6) à (11) (22). 2. A process for optimizing the efficiency of the electrolysis extraction of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high salt concentration according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic control means (MC) in charge of managing , the control and regulation of operations, control the interruption of the power supply (AC) of the electrolysis device for successive limited periods and a periodicity determined according to the chemical composition of the solution to be treated (3) and the texture electrodes used (6) to (11) (22).
3. - Procédé destiné à optimiser le rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels selon les revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens électroniques de commande (MC) en charge d'assurer la gestion, le contrôle et la régulation des opérations, commandent indépendamment de l'alimentation des électrodes (6) à (11) du dispositif, le découplage de l'électrode de masse (22) pour des durées successives et une périodicité déterminées selon les différents facteurs liés au procédé. 3. - Process for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic control means (MC) in charge of the management the control and regulation of the operations independently control the supply of the electrodes (6) to (11) of the device, the decoupling of the ground electrode (22) for successive periods and a periodicity determined according to the different factors related to the process.
4. - Procédé destiné à optimiser le rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens électroniques de commande (MC) en charge d'assurer la gestion, le contrôle et la régulation des opérations, commandent le contrôle et la régulation de la tension optimum et constante présente dans la solution (3) à traiter, pendant toute l'opération d'électrodéposition et sur information des sondes sensibles (ST) introduites dans la solution (3) à traiter, entre les couples d'électrodes (6)(7), (8)(9) et (10)(11). 4. - Process for optimizing the efficiency of the extraction by electrolysis of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electronic control means (MC) in charge of ensure the management, control and regulation of operations, control the control and regulation of the optimum and constant voltage present in the solution (3) to be treated, during the entire electroplating operation and on the information of the sensitive probes (ST) introduced into the solution (3) to be treated, between the pairs of electrodes (6) (7), (8) (9) and (10) (11).
5.- Procédé destiné à optimiser le rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse â forte concentration de sels selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (6)(9)(10) (7)(8)(11) sont confinées lorsque les éléments polluants fixés sont de nature radioactive et/ou éliminées par des moyens adaptés aux éléments polluants fixés et à leur niveau d'effet polluant. 5. A process for optimizing the efficiency of the electrolysis extraction of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrodes (6) (9) (10) (7) (8) (11) are confined when the fixed polluting elements are of radioactive nature and / or eliminated by means adapted to the polluting elements fixed and their level of pollutant effect.
6.- Procédé destiné à optimiser le rendement de l'extraction par électrolyse de métaux lourds en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le fonctionnement peut être opéré par cycles successifs alternatifs ou en continu, dans ce dernier cas, l'alimentation de la solution (3) à traiter est réalisée par le bas de la cuve d'électrolyse (2) par exemple par la canalisation (24) et à vitesse lente déterminée en fonction de la composition chimique de la solution (3) à traiter et la texture des électrodes (6) à (11) du dispositif, l'évacuation de la solution traitée étant réalisée en partie haute de ladite cuve d'électrodéposition (2) au moyen d'une canalisation (28) prévue à cet effet. 6. A process for optimizing the efficiency of the electrolysis extraction of heavy metals in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the operation can be operated by successive alternating cycles or in continuously, in the latter case, the feed of the solution (3) to be treated is performed by the bottom of the electrolysis cell (2) for example by the pipe (24) and at a slow speed determined according to the composition chemical solution (3) to be treated and the texture of the electrodes (6) to (11) of the device, the evacuation of the treated solution being carried out in the upper part of said plating tank (2) by means of a pipe (28) provided for this purpose.
7.- Dispositif pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : a) Des moyens électroniques de commande (MC) de gestion, de contrôle et de régulation des opérations liées à l'extraction des métaux lourds par électrolyse en solution aqueuse à forte concentration de sels. b) Des électrodes immergées (6) à (11) constituées des anodes (6) (9) (10) et des cathodes (7) (8) (11). b) Une électrode de masse (22) pour être introduite dans la solution à traiter (3) et augmenter la rapidité du décrassage ionique des électrodes (6) à (11). c) Des sondes sensibles (ST) pour être introduites dans la solution à traiter (3) entre les couples d'électrodes (6)(7), (8)(9) et (10)(11) d) Au moins un filtre d'électrofiltration (FEF) pour fixer les éléments résiduels à faible force électromotrice encore présent dans la solution (3) après l'opération d'électrodéposition différentielle. 7. A device for implementing the method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises: a) electronic control means (MC) for managing, controlling and regulating operations related to the extraction of heavy metals by electrolysis in aqueous solution with high concentration of salts. b) Immersed electrodes (6) to (11) consisting of anodes (6) (9) (10) and cathodes (7) (8) (11). b) A ground electrode (22) to be introduced into the solution to be treated (3) and increase the rate of ionic scouring of the electrodes (6) to (11). c) Sensitive probes (ST) to be introduced into the solution to be treated (3) between the pairs of electrodes (6) (7), (8) (9) and (10) (11) d) At least one electrofiltration filter (FEF) for fixing the residual electromotive elements still present in the solution (3) after the differential electroplating operation.
8. - Dispositif pour la mise en uvre du procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes immergées anodes (6) (9) (10) sont de matériau et texture différents de ceux des électrodes immergées cathodes (7) (8) (11), selon la composition chimique et radiochimique de la solution (3) à traiter et sont constituées préférablement sous la forme de plaques, de composition, matériau, configuration et disposition compatibles avec le fonctionnement et les performances du dispositif. 8. - Device for implementing the method according to claim 7, characterized in that the anode submerged electrodes (6) (9) (10) are of different material and texture than those of the submerged electrodes cathodes (7) (8). ) (11), depending on the chemical and radiochemical composition of the solution (3) to be treated and are preferably in the form of plates, composition, material, configuration and arrangement compatible with the operation and performance of the device.
9. - Dispositif pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon les revendications 7 et 8, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode de masse (22) introduite dans la solution à traiter (3) à l'intérieur d'un tube isolant pour éviter toute distorsion électronique et reliée à la masse (M) du générateur électrique (4), est de matériau et texture différents de ceux des autres électrodes telles que les anodes (6) (9) (10) et les cathodes (7) (8) (11). 9. - Device for implementing the method according to claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the ground electrode (22) introduced into the solution to be treated (3) inside an insulating tube to avoid any electronic and ground-connected distortion (M) of the electric generator (4) is of different material and texture than the other electrodes such as the anodes (6) (9) (10) and the cathodes (7) (8). ) (11).
10.- Dispositif pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les sondes sensibles (ST) introduites dans la solution (3) à traiter, entre les couples d'électrodes (6) (7), (8) (9) et (10) (11), sont de texture chimiquement neutre et par exemple en verre. 10.- Device for implementing the method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the sensitive probes (ST) introduced into the solution (3) to be treated between the pairs of electrodes (6). ) (7), (8) (9) and (10) (11) are of chemically neutral texture and for example glass.
1 .- Dispositif pour la mise en œuvre du procédé selon la revendications 7, caractérisé en ce que le filtre d'électrofiltration (FEF) indépendant et associé à la cuve d'électrolyse (2) pour fixer les éléments résiduels à faible force électromotrice encore présent dans la solution (3) après l'opération d'électrodéposition différentielle, est principalement constitué d'un bac cylindrique (B) contenant une matière filtrante neutre (MF) dans lequel sont plongées deux électrodes (EC), dont l'une par exemple l'anode (EC1) est préférablement plaquée sur le plan périphérique intérieur du bac (B) et l'autre par exemple la cathode (EC2) est plaquée sur un tube support (TS) axial situé au centre de la surface interne du plan inférieur du bac (B), le courant électrique passant au travers de la matière filtrante (MF) étant régulé selon la composition chimique de la solution sortant du bac de traitement électrolytique et adapté à la résistivité de l'ensemble sachant que la conductibilité de la matière filtrante (MF) varie selon le liquide plus ou moins aqueux qu'elle contient, la solution filtrée par son passage au sein du filtre d'électrofiltration (FEF) disposant alors d'une qualité optimum permettant son rejet dans l'environnement ou par exemple sa réutilisation dans un autre procédé de fabrication. 1 .- Device for implementing the method according to claim 7, characterized in that the electrofiltration filter (FEF) independent and associated with the electrolytic cell (2) for fixing the residual elements low electromotive force still present in the solution (3) after the differential electroplating operation, consists mainly of a cylindrical tank (B) containing a neutral filter material (MF) in which two electrodes (EC) are immersed, one of which for example, the anode (EC1) is preferably plated on the inner peripheral plane of the tray (B) and the other, for example, the cathode (EC2) is pressed onto an axial support tube (TS) located in the center of the inner surface of the plane lower part of the tank (B), the electric current passing through the filtering material (MF) being regulated according to the chemical composition of the solution leaving the electrolytic treatment tank and adapted to the resistivity of the assembly. knowing that the conductivity of the filter material (MF) varies depending on the more or less aqueous liquid it contains, the filtered solution passing through the electrofiltration filter (FEF) then having an optimum quality allowing its release into the environment or for example its reuse in another manufacturing process.
PCT/FR2014/000016 2014-01-22 2014-01-22 Method for optimising the yield of electroextraction of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high salt concentration, and device for the implementation thereof WO2015110713A1 (en)

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CN201480077337.0A CN106103350A (en) 2014-01-22 2014-01-22 For optimizing electroextraction, there is the method for yield of heavy metal in the aqueous solution of high salt concentration and the device of enforcement the method
EP14708312.5A EP3097057A1 (en) 2014-01-22 2014-01-22 Method for optimising the yield of electroextraction of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high salt concentration, and device for the implementation thereof
RU2016133851A RU2016133851A (en) 2014-01-22 2014-01-22 METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING EXIT OF THE PROCESS OF ELECTRIC SUPPLY OF HEAVY METALS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION WITH HIGH CONCENTRATION OF SALTS AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
US15/113,617 US20170002472A1 (en) 2014-01-22 2014-01-22 Method for optimizing the yield of electroextraction of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high salt concentration, and device for the implementation thereof
PCT/FR2014/000016 WO2015110713A1 (en) 2014-01-22 2014-01-22 Method for optimising the yield of electroextraction of heavy metals in aqueous solution with a high salt concentration, and device for the implementation thereof
JP2016548243A JP2017506151A (en) 2014-01-22 2014-01-22 Yield optimization method for electrolytic extraction of heavy metals in high salt concentration aqueous solution and apparatus for carrying it out

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