WO2015085620A1 - 一种基于语义的物联网体系架构模型 - Google Patents

一种基于语义的物联网体系架构模型 Download PDF

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WO2015085620A1
WO2015085620A1 PCT/CN2013/089934 CN2013089934W WO2015085620A1 WO 2015085620 A1 WO2015085620 A1 WO 2015085620A1 CN 2013089934 W CN2013089934 W CN 2013089934W WO 2015085620 A1 WO2015085620 A1 WO 2015085620A1
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layer
data
semantic
application
sensor
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PCT/CN2013/089934
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English (en)
French (fr)
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施昭
曾鹏
刘阳
佟星
于海斌
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中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所
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Priority to US14/778,354 priority Critical patent/US10616342B2/en
Publication of WO2015085620A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015085620A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
    • G05B19/4185—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by the network communication
    • G05B19/41855—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by the network communication by local area network [LAN], network structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/321—Interlayer communication protocols or service data unit [SDU] definitions; Interfaces between layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/327—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the session layer [OSI layer 5]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of architecture of the Internet of Things, in particular to a semantic-based IoT architecture model.
  • the Internet of Things refers to a large ⁇ network formed by combining various information such as objects or processes to be monitored, connected, and interacted with each other through various information sensing devices. Its purpose is to realize the connection between objects and objects, objects and people, all items and networks, and to facilitate identification, management and control.
  • the current architecture of the Internet of Things is mainly three times: the perception layer, the network layer and the application e.
  • the design of the architecture is aimed at the specific domain of each A.
  • the heterogeneity of the sensing devices, data processing, and communication protocols between the domains is difficult, making it difficult to connect the networks between the various FL domains.
  • the effective allocation and sharing makes it difficult for users to find sensor information in the data of the Internet.
  • OGC proposed a new sensor Web architecture standard SWE. It seems that this architecture is based on XML schema.
  • the data lacks semantic attributes and cannot be understood by computers and sensors. Therefore, the operability between sensors is relatively poor. It is also impossible to implement ubiquitous intelligent services.
  • the current sensor body lacks semantic attributes. For example, the data of "30" is obtained from the temperature sensor. Labeling it with the concept of "temperature” in the sensor body indicates that "30" is temperature, but with "30". Relevant time, place, related people, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ [guan ⁇ , collection methods and other information can not be indicated; 53, there is also a lack of semantic relationship between devices, can not determine the correlation between devices, to achieve equipment Collaboration.
  • the purpose of this I is to propose a semantic-based IoT architecture to achieve effective sharing, utilization, integration and access of data, and improve resources. 3 ⁇ 4 operability, intelligent service.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above object is a semantic-based IoT architecture model, including a system operator, an application layer, a service, and a gateway, which further includes a semantic layer, a data layer, a sensing S, and an entity S;
  • the physical layer includes a perceived entity, which is an object that provides awareness and operation for services and applications;
  • the sensing includes a sensing device, a monitoring entity. Collecting data sent by the physical layer and performing preliminary data processing;
  • the gateway ⁇ aggregates the data sent by the sensing S and sends the data to the data layer;
  • the data layer is a database comprising sensor data, sensor information, physical information and other related information, and stores the data information;
  • the service layer retrieves the specific data in the database through the data model built in the semantic layer according to the specific application of the application layer, and processes and generates the service and uploads it to the application.
  • the application layer receives the service uploaded by the service layer, and implements the human-machine interaction of the upper layer application.
  • the sensing device includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an illumination sensor, and a health sensor.
  • the semantic attributes include time, space, theme, performance, collection object, collection method, related person and
  • the classification between the individuals includes the type to which each entity in the entity ⁇ belongs, the perception, the type of each perceptron in the S, and the type to which each gateway in the gateway belongs.
  • the relationship between the individuals includes relationships between entities in the physical layer, relationships between the various perceptrons in the perceptual layer, relationships between gateways in the gateway M, and entities between the entity, the perceptual S, and the gateway. Cross-layer relationship.
  • the system operator includes: a system administrator, a device provider, an application developer, and an if-pass user; the system administrator maintains the normal operation of the entire system, and provides data, usage data, and development applications to other system collaborators. And the permissions to use the app;
  • the device provider provides the sensing device to obtain entity data and gives the application developer permission to use the data;
  • the application developer uses the data for application development and gives the user permission to use the application; the user passes the application provided by the application developer.
  • the present invention enables A-motion discovery of heterogeneous resources.
  • the invention can enhance the expression ability of data and realize effective sharing, utilization, integration and access of data.
  • the present invention can improve resource interoperability and realize intelligent services.
  • Ffl i is the architecture of the invention W
  • FIG. 2 is a class relationship structure diagram of the ontology library of the present invention.
  • Entity Layer This includes all perceived entities, providers of data sources, and objects that provide awareness and operations for services and applications.
  • This layer includes the device that senses the entity, is the acquirer of the data source, is used to monitor the perceived entity, collect the entity data and perform preliminary data processing.
  • the equipment of this layer mainly includes temperature sensor, humidity sensor, illumination sensor, energy sensor and so on.
  • the temperature sensor is used to sense the temperature of the environment, and interoperates with an electric appliance that adjusts the temperature such as an air conditioner;
  • the humidity sensor is used to sense the humidity of the environment, and interacts with the Tongfeng device;
  • the illumination sensor is used to sense the ambient light intensity. Interoperability with lighting equipment; Sensors can be used to sense the energy consumption of equipment, and achieve more intelligent services through the combination of environment and personnel.
  • Gateway layer This layer includes some gateway devices to aggregate the data collected by the sensing device.
  • Data layer Realizes the management of sensor data, and stores and processes the collected sensor data.
  • the system architecture of the present invention separates the physical layer, the sensing layer, and the gateway layer in order to better manage the physical, sensor, and gateway data.
  • the number S library includes data collected by the sensor, metadata of the entity, the sensor, the gateway, information about the system role, information about the service and the application, and the like.
  • Semantic s Through the construction of this library, build a data model of resource description, establish classification and relationship between individuals, and realize effective sharing, utilization, integration and access of data by giving semantic attributes of data; The reasoning of knowledge dynamically generates new knowledge and relationships.
  • the data model of the resource description is a two-relationship described in the form of "resource-attribute-attribute value"; the semantic attributes include time, space, topic, performance, collection object, collection mode, related person and collection meaning Attribute information; reasoning, is to infer new assertions from existing assertions, to ensure the completeness of the ontology library and the convenience of accessing the query, and to provide good decision support through effective reasoning.
  • the time attribute represents the time of data collection
  • the space attribute represents the location of the data collection (or the location of the entity in which the data is reflected)
  • the topic attribute represents the meaning of the data representation; It is the parameter range, precision, error or stability of the data
  • the object of the collection object represents the entity object of the data collection
  • the collection mode attribute represents the way the entity data is acquired (plug-in or non-intrusion, etc.);
  • the collection meaning attribute represents the role of the collection data.
  • Service layer Realize intelligent sensor acquisition, intelligent coordination configuration, A dynamic alarm, intelligent discovery of resources, and data integration across domains.
  • the architecture of the present invention divides the roles of the operators into: system administrators, device providers, application developers, and component users.
  • the system administrator maintains the normal operation of the entire system and manages data, devices, entities, and personnel.
  • the device provider is the provider of the entity data, uploads the collected data to the system platform, and has owned by A.
  • the device and related application developers ⁇ manage; application developers use the underlying data to develop related functions and services; ordinary users are to apply these functions and services.
  • Entity class representing object object, including monitoring entity object, sensor, gateway, person, and monitoring entity entity class Data entity objects and physical entity objects.
  • Attribute class which represents attribute information of an entity object, including property, capability, space, function, constraint, and time.
  • the attribute class represents the attribute information of the physical entity object and some attribute information of the data, including attribute information of the person, physical property information of the physical entity, the sensor, the gateway, and the collection mode of the data, the meaning of the collection, and the like;
  • the performance class represents the data.
  • Performance attribute information including «degree, range of measured S value, delay, error, etc.
  • position class represents attribute information of S between data, further divided into geographic location information, local location information and geometric spatial information
  • functional class represents the subject of data
  • the attribute information is further divided into temperature monitoring, light monitoring, humidity monitoring and energy monitoring
  • condition class indicates the constraints in the data collection, including environmental conditions, deviations, etc.
  • time class represents the time attribute of the data. Further divided into time zone information, duration information, and acquisition time point information.

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Abstract

　本发明涉及物联网的体系架构领域，具体是一种基于语义的物联网体系架构模型。本发明在语义 Web、传感器网络、传感器 Web等框架的研究基础上，提出了基于语义的物联网体系架构，该架构分为7层：实体层，感知层，网关层，数据层，语义层，服务层和应用层。通过对传感器数据的语义化处理和传感器本体的构建，本架构可以实现异构资源的自动发现，增强数据的表达能力，实现数据的有效共享、重用、整合和访问，提高资源的互操作性，实现智能化的服务。

Description

一种基于语义的物联网体系架物模型 技术领域
本发明涉及物联网的体系架构领域，具体说是一种基于语义的物联网体系架构模 型。
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物联网是指通过各种信息传感设备， 实时釆集任何 要监控、连接、互动的物体 或过程等各种需要的信息，与互联网结合形成的一个 β大网络。其目的是实现物与物、 物与人，所有的物品与网络的连接，方便识別、管理和控制。当前物联网的体系架构 主要有三个 s次： 感知层， 网络层和应用 e。而体系架构的设计， 都是针对各 A的特 定领域， 不 w领域间的传感设备、数据处理、通信协议存在异构性， 使得各 fl领域间 的网络很难 联在一起，难以实现资源的有效分配和共享，使用户难以在互联网大 a 的数据中发现传感器信息。 2005年， OGC提出了一种新型的传感器 Web架构标准 SWE, 似是这种架构是基于 XML模式设计的， 数据缺乏语义属性， 不能被计算机和 传感器理解， 进而传感器之间的 操作性比较差，也无法实现泛在的智能化服务。而 目前的传感器本体， 语义属性比较缺乏， 例如从温度传感器中获得 " 30"这个数据， 用传感器本体中的 "温度"这一概念标注它， 则表明 "30"是温度， 但与 "30"相关 的时间、 地点、 相关人、 对.应的 Γ [关人 ^、 采集的方式等信息都不能被表明； 53外， 设备间也缺乏语义关系， 无法确定设备间的相关性， 实现设备间的协作。 为了解决现有架构中数据缺乏语义属性、设备缺乏语义关系的问题，本发 I的目 的在于提出一种基于语义的物联网体系架构， 实现数据的有效共享、茧用、整合和访 问， 提高资源的¾操作性， 实现智能化的服务。
本发明为实现上述目的所采用的技术方案是 - 一种基于语义的物联网体系架构模型，包括***操作者、应用层、服务^、 网关 还包括语义层、 数据层、 感知 S和实体 S;
所述实体层包括被感知的实体， 是为服务和应用提供感知和操作的对象； 所述感知. 包括感知设备，监测实体. 采集实体层发送的数据并进行初步的数 据处现；
所述网关 Μ汇聚感知 S发送的数据， 并发送到数据层；
所述数据层为包括传感器数据、传感器信息、实物信息和其他相关信息组成的数 据库， 对数据信息进行存储；
所述语义, )3，通过本体库的构建，搭建资源描述的数据模型，建立个体之间的分 类和关系； 通过赋予数据的语义化属性， 实现数据的有效共享、 ：¾用、 整合和访问； 通过知识的推理， 动态产牛新的知识和关系；
所述服务层根据应用层的具体应用，通过语义层中搭建的数据模型调取数据库中 的具体数据， 经过处理生成服务并上传到应用. S；
所述应用层接收服务层上传的服务， 实现上层应用的人-机交互 =
所述感知设备包括温度传感器、 湿度传感器、 光照传感器和屯能传感器。
所述语义化属性包括时间、空间、 主题、性能、采集对象、采集方式、相关人和 所述个体之间的分类 括实体 ^中各个实体所属的类型、感知. S中各个感知器所 属的类型、 网关 中各个网关所属的类型
所述个体之间的关系包括实体层中各个实体之间的关系，感知层中各个感知器之 间的关系， 网关 M中各个网关之间的关系， 以及实体 、感知 S和网关 中实体间的 跨层关系。
所述***操作者包括： ***管理员、 设备提供者、 应用开发者和 if通用户； 所述***管理员， 维护整个***的正常运行， 并赋予其他***搡作者提供数据、 使用数据、 开发应用和使用应用的权限；
所述设备提供者，提供感知设备获取实体数据，并赋予应用开发者使用数据的权 限；
所述应用开发者， 使用数据进行应用开发， 并赋予 通用户使用应用的权限； 所述件通用户， 使用应用开发者提供的应用。
本发明具有以下优点-
1. 本发明能够实现异构资源的 A动发现。
2. 本发明能够增强数据的表达能力， 实现数据的有效共享、茧用、整合和访问。
3. 本发明能够提高资源的互操作性， 实现智能化的服务。
ΜΜΜΆ
ffl i为本发明的体系架构 W;
2为本发明的本体库的类关系结构图。
具体实施方式
下而结合附 W对本发明做进一步的详细说曰 J1。
如图1所示，通过对数据的语义化处 a，增强数据的表达能力， 实现数据的有效 共享、 茧用、整合和访问， 提高资源的互操作性， 实现智能化的服务。具体架构层次 如下：
实体层： 该 包括所有被感知的实体， 是数据来源的提供者，用来为服务和应用 提供感知和操作的对象。
感知 ·: 该层包括感知实体的设备， 是数据来源的获取者， 用来監测感知实体， 采集实体数据并进行初步的数据处扉.。该层的设备主要包括温度传感器、湿度传感器、 光照传感器、 屯能传感器等。其中，温度传感器用来感知环境的温度， 与空调等调节 温度的电器设备进行互操作；湿度传感器用来感知环境的湿度，与通凤设备进行互搡 作；光照传感器用来感知环境的光照强度， 与照明设备进行互操作； 能传感器用来 感知用 设备的能耗情况，通过与环境和人员的情况的结合，实现更加智能化的服务。
网关层： 该层包括一些网关设备， 用来汇聚感知设备采集的数据。
数据层： 实现对传感器数据的管理，对采集到的传感器数据迸行存储和处理。本 发明的***架构将实体层、感知层和网关层分开设计， 就是为了对实体、传感器和网 关的 ¾数据进行更好的管理。 其中， 数 S库包括传感器采集的数据， 实体、 传感器、 网关的元数据， ***角色的相关信息， 服务和应用的相关信息等。
语义 s: 通过本 库的构建，搭建资源描述的数据模型， 建立个体之间的分类和 关系 ·， 通过赋予数据的语义化属性， 实现数据的有效共享、茧用、整合和访问； 通过 知识的推理， 动态产生新的知识和关系。 其中， 资源描述的数据模型， 是以 "资源- 属性 -属性值"形式进行描述的一种二 关系； 语义化属性包括时间、 空间、 主题、 性能、采集对象、采集方式、相关人和采集意义等属性信息； 推理， 是从已存在的断 言中， 推理出新的断言， 保证本体库的完备性和访问査询的方便， 通过有效的推理， 可 提供 好的决策支持。
在语义化属性中，时间属性表示的是数据采集的时间；空间属性表示的是数据采 集的位置 （或数据反应的实体所在的位置）； 主题属性表示的是数据表示的意义； 性 能属性表示的是数据的取值范围、精度、误差或稳定性等参数； 采集对象属性表示的 是数据采集的实体对象；采集方式属性表示实体数据获取的方式（***式或非***式 等)； 相关人属性表示釆集的实体对象 Π关的人； 采集意义属性表示的是釆集数据的 作用。 例如， 对房间 308进行火灾预警的监测， 上午 10点的监测温度是 25.0度， 则 该数据 "25.0度"的时间属性是 "上午 10点"， 空间属性是 "房间 308" (或其它位 置表示）， 主题.滅性是 "温度"， 性能属性是 "误差正负 0.2" (或 "精度 0.1")， 釆集 对象属性是 "房间 308", 采集方式是 "非***式"， 相关人属性是在房间 308中的每 一个人， 采集意义属性是 "预警"。
服务层： 实现传感器智能采集、智能协调配置、 A动报警， 资源的智能发现， 跨 领域的数据整合等功能。
应用 ·:通过传感器应用工具以及第三方插件的开发，实现用户与传感器***交 及其它的一些上层应用。
另外， 本发明的体系架构将操作者的角色分为： ***管理员， 设备提供者， 应用 开发者和件通用户。***管理员是维护整个***的正常运行，并对数据、设备、实体、 人员进行管理;设备提供者是实体数据的提供者,将采集到的数据上传到***平台中， 并对 A已拥有的设备和相关的应用开发人 ^进行管理； 应用开发者是利用底层的数 据， 开发相关的功能和服务； 普通用户是应用这些功能和服务。
罔 2给出了本体库的类关系结构 ， 类的设定主要分为两种： 实体类和属性类。 实体类， 表示物现实体对象， 包括监测实体对象（Object), 传感器（Sensors), 网关（Gateway), 人（Persons); 监测实体对象类对被监测实体的类型进行了进一步 的划分， 分为数据实体对象和物理实体对象。
属性类， 表示实体对象的属性信息， 包括属性 （Property), 性能 （Capability), 位置（Spaces) , 功能（Function), 约朿条件 （Constraint), 时间 （Time)。 属性类表 示物理实体对象的属性信息及数据的一些属性信息， 包括人的属性信息， 物理实体、 传感器、 网关的一些物理属性信息和数据的采集方式、采集意义等属性信息； 性能类 表示数据的性能属性信息， 包括 «度， 测 S值范围， 延迟， 误差等； 位置类表示数据 的 S间属性信息，进一歩划分为地理位置信息、本地位置信息和几何空间信息； 功能 类表示数据的主题属性信息，进一步划分为温度监测、光照监测、湿度监测和屯能监 测； 约朿条件类表示的是数据采集中的约束条件， 包括环境条件， 偏差等信息； 时间 类表示的是数据的时间属性，进一步划分为时区信息、持续时间信息和采集时间点信 息。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种基于语义的物联网体系架钩模型， 包括***操作者、 应用 ·、 服务层、 Β关^, 其特征在于， 还包括语义层、 数据层、 感知层和实体层；
所述实体层包括被感知的实体， 是为服务和应用捣供感知和操作的对象； 所述感知层包括感知设备，监测实体层，采集实体 S发送的数据并进行初步的数 据处理；
所述网关层汇聚感知层发送的数据， 并发送到数据层；
所述数据层为包括传感器数据、传感器信息、实物信息和其他相关信息组成的数 据库， 对数据信息进行存储；
所述语义层，通过本体库的构建， 搭建资源描述的数 *模型，建立个体之间的分 类和关系； 通过赋予数据的语义化属性， 实现数据的有效共享、 ¾用、 整合和访问； 通过知识的推理， 动态产生新的知识和关系；
所述服务层根据应用层的具体应用，通过语义层中搭建的数据模型调取数据库中 的具体数据， 经过处理生成服务并上传到应用层；
所述应用层接收服务层上传的服务， 实现上层应用的人-机交互。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于语义的物联网体系架构模型， 其特征在于， 所述感知设备包括温度传感器、 湿度传感器、 光照传感器和屯能传感器。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于语义的物联网体系架构模型， 其特征在于， 所述语义化属性包括时间、空间、 主题、性能、 采集对象、采集方式、相关人和采集 意义。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于语义的物联网体系架构模型， 其特征在于， 所述个体之间的分类包括实体层中各个实体所属的类型、感知层中各个感知器所属的 类型、 网关 中各个网关所属的类型。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种 Ϊ于语义的物联 W体系架构模型， 其特征在于， 所述个体之间的关系包括实体层中各个实体之间的关系，感知 S中各个感知器之间的 关系， 网关 a中各个网关之间的关系， 以及实体层、感知. s和网关层中实体间的跨层 关系。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的一种基于语义的物联网体系架构模型， 其特征在于， 所述***操作者包括： ***管理员、 设备捣供者、 应用开发者和普通用户；
所述***管理员， 維护整个***的正常运行， 并赋予其他***操作者提供数据、 使用数 *、 开发应用和使用应用的权限；
所述设备提供者，提供感知设备获取实体数据，并赋予应用开发者使用数据的权 限；
所述应用开发者， 使用数据进行应用开发， 并赋予普通用户使用应用的权限； 所述件通用户， 使用应用开发者提供的应用。
PCT/CN2013/089934 2013-12-10 2013-12-19 一种基于语义的物联网体系架构模型 WO2015085620A1 (zh)

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