WO2015085388A1 - Process and equipment for drying urban, industrial and medical waste and conversion into fuel for industrial boilers and furnaces - Google Patents

Process and equipment for drying urban, industrial and medical waste and conversion into fuel for industrial boilers and furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015085388A1
WO2015085388A1 PCT/BR2014/050020 BR2014050020W WO2015085388A1 WO 2015085388 A1 WO2015085388 A1 WO 2015085388A1 BR 2014050020 W BR2014050020 W BR 2014050020W WO 2015085388 A1 WO2015085388 A1 WO 2015085388A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
industrial
drying
waste
urban
equipment
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Application number
PCT/BR2014/050020
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French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Merlino PRESTES JUNIOR
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Prestes Junior Merlino
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Publication of WO2015085388A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015085388A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F23G5/0276—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using direct heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
    • F26B11/12—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices
    • F26B11/14—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in stationary drums or other mainly-closed receptacles with moving stirring devices the stirring device moving in a horizontal or slightly-inclined plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
    • F23G2203/801—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone using conveyors
    • F23G2203/8013—Screw conveyors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
    • F23G2204/203—Microwave
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/04—Garbage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/18—Sludges, e.g. sewage, waste, industrial processes, cooling towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drying process of general industrial and health urban wastes into dry or low moisture material or carbonized material which can be used as fuel in industrial boilers. It also describes the microwave reactor type equipment used for drying.
  • the waste goes through a segregation process, where recyclable materials such as metals, glass, PVC, etc. are separated and sent for sale.
  • the calorific material including paper, plastic, wood and food waste, is sent to a Shredder shredder and introduced into the reactor for drying. Inside the reactor, the residue is then irradiated with microwaves until the moisture content of the residue comes out of the desired humidity. After the residence time required for drying, the waste is ready to be taken to the next stage of the process.
  • the dried residue goes to a briquettor, or baler, where it comes out as fuel to be used in the boilers.
  • the gases produced in the process are collected in scrubber systems containing an alkaline and / or acid medium for their retention.
  • the purpose of the drying process and equipment, described in this report, is to produce industrial fuel from urban, industrial, and health waste using some series equipment.
  • the first equipment is a tube with knives for tearing garbage bags to facilitate segregation in the conveyor where materials such as glass, metals, and others that do not burn or have more commercial value in recycling are separated. Can be used for manual collection or automatic sorting. Then it goes to a shredder to even out the size of the waste, and then it is introduced into the microwave reactor. In the reactor will receive the emission of microwaves for the drying process.
  • the waste mixture will remain in the reactor, receiving the microwaves, for a time that depends on the characteristics and moisture content of the waste so that the fuel leaves the desired humidity; A convective air displacement system, or vacuum, will ensure the removal of gases and vapors generated during microwave emission.
  • the waste After the residence time required for drying, the waste is ready to be taken to the next stage of the process.
  • the product After the drying / carbonization process the product goes to a mixer, and in this step, if necessary, can add other oxidizing materials to improve product composition.
  • the compound obtained after the mixer goes to a briquette or baler, forming the final fuel.
  • the final fuel is ready for use in boiler furnaces.
  • the gases produced in the process are collected in scrubber systems containing an alkaline and / or acid medium for their retention.
  • the claimed process is characterized by the inclusion of drying of the processed material in a reactor that uses microwaves as an energy source. It is also characterized by the constructive arrangement of the reactor.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the waste treatment process and shows in sequence the reception process (1), the sorting process (2), the milling process, the drying process (4), the briquetting process (5).
  • FIG 2 is a perspective view of the microwave reactor (40) responsible for the drying step (4). Shows the reaction cavity (400) with the wet residue inlet (401) and the dry residue outlet (402); shows the electric motor driven conveyor thread (403) (404).
  • Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the reaction cavity (400). It shows the motor (404) of the conveyor thread (403), the wet waste inlet (401) and the dry waste outlet (402). Shows exhaust flanges (410) and exits (420).
  • Figure 4 is a schematic top view of the reaction cavity (400).
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of bend (412) containing tube (413).
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of the hoods (421) connected to the reaction cavity (400) by exhaust ports (420).
  • the reaction cavity (400) consists of a stainless steel tube containing a conveyor thread (403) coupled to a gearmotor (404).
  • the reaction cavity (400) is connected to microwave generators (414), known as magnetrons, installed along the body of the reaction cavity (400), which are the source of the microwaves to promote the drying or oxidation process.
  • thermal The connection between the microwave generators (414) and the reaction cavity (400) is made by microwave guides (41 1), with curves (412) bolted to flanges (410) in the cavity wall (400).
  • the curves 412 are provided with tubes 413 through which dry air is injected to prevent the entry of water vapors and other products as well as gases. This process replaces Teflon sheets, quartz and other materials.
  • Microwave generators (414) are placed interleaved for the purpose of better distributing the waves within the reaction cavity (400), and also to reduce the distance between the microwave generators (414) to minimize the distance between them.
  • the drying of the processed material occurs in the reaction cavity (400) which will receive the emission of the microwaves generated in the microwave generators (414) which uses the energy in the microwave range, 2,450 and 915 MHz. Inside the reactor (40 ), the residue is then irradiated with the microwave. The waste mixture will remain in the reactor (40), receiving the microwaves, for a time that depends on the characteristic and moisture content of the residue so that the fuel exits with the desired humidity.
  • the inlet 401 of the reaction cavity 400 may have sprinklers from which they may be sprayed onto the mass of waste, alkaline liquids, acids, neutrals, or oxidizers which may aid the process; After the residence time required for drying, controlled by the speed of rotation of the conveyor thread (403), the residue is already in a condition to be sent to the next step of the process.
  • the residence time required for drying varies according to the desired residue and humidity after drying.
  • the dry residue may be mixed with other fuels if deemed necessary in a planetary type mixer after the drying / carbonization step.
  • a convective air displacement and exhaust system will ensure the removal of gases and vapors generated during the emission of microwaves, accelerating the drying process.
  • the convective air displacement system comprises the exhaust outlet (420) and the exhaust fans (421). As shown in Figure 6, the outlet pipe 420 has a steep downward slope from the reaction cavity 400 to the hoods 421 so that condensate forming in the pipe does not return to the reaction cavity (400).
  • This ventilation system can be replaced by a vacuum system if necessary according to the characteristics of the waste. These gases and vapors generated in the process will be conducted to a specific washing system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Process and equipment for drying urban, industrial and medical waste and conversion into fuel for industrial boilers and furnaces, describing a process for drying urban, industrial and medical waste, converting same into a dry material or a material with a low moisture content, or carbonized material, for use as a fuel in industrial boilers; equipment, of the microwave reactor type, is used for drying, said reactor comprising a reaction chamber (400) that contains a screw conveyor (403) and is connected to microwave generators (414) for promoting the process of thermal oxidation or drying; and the microwave generators (414) and the reaction chamber (400) are connected by microwave guides (411), with curves (412) screwed onto flanges (410) on the wall of the reaction chamber (400); and the curves (412) are provided with tubes (413) through which dry air is injected, preventing the ingress of water vapour and gases; said equipment also comprises a convective-air-exhaust system, or vacuum, that comprises the exhaust outlet (420) and exhaust devices (421), removing gases and vapours generated during the emission of the microwaves.

Description

PROCESSO E EQUIPAMENTO PARA SECAGEM DE RESÍDUOS URBANOS, INDUSTRIAIS E DE SAÚDE E TRANSFORMAÇÃO EM COMBUSTÍVEL PARA CALDEIRAS E FORNALHAS INDUSTRIAIS  PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR DRYING URBAN, INDUSTRIAL AND HEALTH WASTE AND FUEL TRANSFORMATION FOR INDUSTRIAL BOILERS AND OVEN
A presente invenção diz respeito a um processo secagem de resíduos urbanos industriais e de saúde em geral, transformando-os em material seco ou com baixo teor de umidade, ou material carbonizado, podendo ser usado como combustível em caldeiras industriais. Descreve ainda o equipamento, tipo reator de micro-ondas, utilizado para secagem. O resíduo passa por um processo de segregação, onde são separados materiais recicláveis tipo metais, vidros, PVC, etc, que são encaminhados para venda. Após a segregação, o material com poder calorífico, incluindo papel, plástico, madeira e restos de alimentos, é encaminhado a um triturador tipo Shredder, e introduzido no reator para secagem. Dentro do reator, o resíduo é então irradiado com as microondas até que o teor de umidade, do resíduo, saia com a umidade desejada. Após o tempo de residência necessário para secagem, o resíduo já está em condições de ser encaminhado para a etapa seguinte do processo. Após, o resíduo seco segue para um briquetador, ou prensa enfardadora, de onde sai como combustível para ser usado nas caldeiras. Os gases produzidos no processo são coletados em sistemas lavadores contendo um meio alcalino e/ou ácido, para a sua retenção.  The present invention relates to a drying process of general industrial and health urban wastes into dry or low moisture material or carbonized material which can be used as fuel in industrial boilers. It also describes the microwave reactor type equipment used for drying. The waste goes through a segregation process, where recyclable materials such as metals, glass, PVC, etc. are separated and sent for sale. After segregation, the calorific material, including paper, plastic, wood and food waste, is sent to a Shredder shredder and introduced into the reactor for drying. Inside the reactor, the residue is then irradiated with microwaves until the moisture content of the residue comes out of the desired humidity. After the residence time required for drying, the waste is ready to be taken to the next stage of the process. Afterwards, the dried residue goes to a briquettor, or baler, where it comes out as fuel to be used in the boilers. The gases produced in the process are collected in scrubber systems containing an alkaline and / or acid medium for their retention.
Estado da Técnica  State of the Art
Os processos tradicionais de destruição de resíduos utilizam os diversos tipos de incineradores e gaseificadores, e recentemente, através do processo de co- processamento em indústria de cimento, plasma, foto-oxidação, e outros. Muitos resíduos são simplesmente levados a depósitos controlados (aterro), onde permanecerão por dezenas de anos indefinidamente. Algumas empresas que gerenciam aterros misturam o resíduo com terra, cal e cimento para conseguir trabalhar melhor o material. Com o tempo, há a possibilidade de muitos destes resíduos voltarem a reagir e desestabilizar a massa formada. Nestes processos, não ocorre a retirada da umidade, fato este que prejudica o uso dos referidos resíduos como combustível. Traditional waste disposal processes utilize the various types of incinerators and gasifiers, and recently through the co-processing process in the cement, plasma, photo-oxidation, and other industries. Many wastes are simply taken to controlled deposits (landfill), where they will remain for tens of years indefinitely. Some landfill companies mix the waste with soil, lime and cement to better work the material. Over time, there is a possibility that many of these residues will react and destabilize the formed mass. In these processes, the removal of moisture does not occur, a fact that impairs the use of such residues as fuel.
Existem vários processos de aproveitamento de resíduos urbanos, industriais e de saúde para uso como combustível, porém sem a etapa de secagem com a utilização de micro-ondas. Entre os processos identificados no atual estado da técnica, citam-se os documentos abaixo que descrevem processos afins: CN203227544 microwave drying grinder  There are several processes of utilization of urban, industrial and health waste for use as fuel, but without the drying step with the use of microwaves. Processes identified in the current state of the art include the following documents describing related processes: CN203227544 microwave drying grinder
TW20071 1759 microwave drying process for wetting recycling optical-plastic assembly  TW20071 1759 microwave drying process for wetting recycling optical-plastic assembly
US5205417 sanitary trash recycling apparatus  US5205417 sanitary trash recycling apparatus
US4030670 garbage recycling apparatus US4030670 garbage recycling apparatus
JP2001300472 garbage crushing and microwave drying device  JP2001300472 garbage crushing and microwave drying device
TW200503853 microwave drying process for recycling optical recording médium TW200503853 microwave drying process for recycling optical recording medium
Breve descrição da Invenção  Brief Description of the Invention
O processo, descrito neste relatório, está baseado no conhecimento de que o material contido no lixo urbano, e alguns resíduos industriais e de saúde possuem um alto poder calorífico, mas que seu uso como combustível em fornalhas industriais, substituindo combustível como lenha, é inviável devido ao teor de umidade. Com este processo, pode-se transformar o lixo urbano, resíduos industriais e de saúde, em combustível com alto poder calorífico, com valores acima de 4.000 Kcal/Kg. Este valor pode variar em função da qualidade do lixo, podendo partir de valores como 1 .000 Kcal/kg. Em relação à disposição em aterros, este processo oferece como vantagens: a minimização da geração de gases que ajudam a provocar o efeito estufa, a não geração de chorume, evita o uso de enormes áreas para aterros, e a proliferação de vetores contagiosos. O produto obtido neste processo é um substituto de lenha e outros combustíveis convencionais para as indústrias. The process described in this report is based on the knowledge that the material contained in urban waste, and some industrial and health waste has a high calorific value, but that its use as fuel in industrial furnaces, replacing fuel as firewood, is not feasible. due to moisture content. With this process, urban waste, industrial and health waste can be transformed into high calorific fuel values above 4,000 Kcal / Kg. This value may vary depending on the quality of the waste and may start at values such as 1,000 Kcal / kg. Compared to landfill disposal, this process offers the advantages of minimizing the generation of greenhouse gas emissions, avoiding leachate, avoiding the use of large landfill sites, and the proliferation of contagious vectors. The product obtained in this process is a substitute for firewood and other conventional fuels for industries.
O objetivo do processo e equipamento de secagem, descrito neste relatório, é produzir combustível industrial a partir de resíduos urbanos, industriais, e de saúde, utilizando alguns equipamentos em série. O primeiro equipamento é um tubo dotado de facas para rasgar os sacos de lixo para facilitar a segregação na esteira onde são separados materiais como vidro, metais, e outros que não queimam ou tem mais valor comercial na reciclagem. Pode ser usada esteira para coleta manual ou esteira de separação automática. A seguir segue para um triturador a fim de uniformizar o tamanho dos resíduos, e então é introduzido no reator de micro-ondas. No reator receberá a emissão das micro-ondas para o processo de secagem. A mistura de resíduos permanecerá no reator, recebendo as micro-ondas, por um tempo que depende da característica e teor de umidade do resíduo para que a combustível saia com a umidade desejada; um sistema de deslocamento de ar convectivo, ou vácuo, garantirá a retirada dos gases e vapores gerados durante a emissão das micro-ondas. Após o tempo de residência necessário para secagem, o resíduo já está em condições de ser encaminhado para a etapa seguinte do processo. Após o processo de secagem/carbonização o produto segue para um misturador, podendo nesta etapa, se necessário, agregar outros materiais comburentes para melhorar a composição do produto. O composto obtido após o misturador segue para um briquetador ou enfardadeira, dando forma ao combustível final. O combustível final está pronto para ser usado nas fornalhas de caldeiras. Os gases produzidos no processo são coletados em sistemas lavadores contendo um meio alcalino e/ou ácido, para a sua retenção. The purpose of the drying process and equipment, described in this report, is to produce industrial fuel from urban, industrial, and health waste using some series equipment. The first equipment is a tube with knives for tearing garbage bags to facilitate segregation in the conveyor where materials such as glass, metals, and others that do not burn or have more commercial value in recycling are separated. Can be used for manual collection or automatic sorting. Then it goes to a shredder to even out the size of the waste, and then it is introduced into the microwave reactor. In the reactor will receive the emission of microwaves for the drying process. The waste mixture will remain in the reactor, receiving the microwaves, for a time that depends on the characteristics and moisture content of the waste so that the fuel leaves the desired humidity; A convective air displacement system, or vacuum, will ensure the removal of gases and vapors generated during microwave emission. After the residence time required for drying, the waste is ready to be taken to the next stage of the process. After the drying / carbonization process the product goes to a mixer, and in this step, if necessary, can add other oxidizing materials to improve product composition. The compound obtained after the mixer goes to a briquette or baler, forming the final fuel. The final fuel is ready for use in boiler furnaces. The gases produced in the process are collected in scrubber systems containing an alkaline and / or acid medium for their retention.
O processo reivindicado se caracteriza pela inclusão da secagem do material processado, em reator que utiliza micro-ondas como fonte de energia. Caracteriza-se ainda, pela disposição construtiva do reator.  The claimed process is characterized by the inclusion of drying of the processed material in a reactor that uses microwaves as an energy source. It is also characterized by the constructive arrangement of the reactor.
Os desenhos em anexo e a descrição detalhada que segue são meramente apresentadas a título de exemplo, pois o dito objeto pode ser concebido por outras soluções de engenharia conhecidas. Portanto, detalhes estruturais e funcionais específicos aqui divulgados não devem ser interpretados como uma limitação, mas apenas como uma base para as reivindicações; atua como uma base representativa para o ensino de um perito na arte de empregar e colocar em prática o desenvolvimento do objeto descrito neste relatório, com base na disposição construtiva doravante detalhada.  The accompanying drawings and the following detailed description are merely given by way of example, as said object may be designed by other known engineering solutions. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be construed as a limitation, but only as a basis for the claims; It acts as a representative basis for teaching an expert in the art of employing and putting into practice the development of the object described in this report, based on the detailed constructive provision hereafter.
A figura 1 é uma vista esquemática do processo de tratamento de resíduos e mostra na sequencia o processo de recepção(1 ), o processo de triagem(2), o processo de trituração, o processo de secagem(4), o processo de briquetagem(5).  Figure 1 is a schematic view of the waste treatment process and shows in sequence the reception process (1), the sorting process (2), the milling process, the drying process (4), the briquetting process (5).
A figura 2 é uma vista em perspectiva do reator(40) de micro-ondas responsável pela etapa de secagem(4). Mostra a cavidade(400) reacional com a entrada(401 ) de resíduos úmido e a saída(402) de resíduo seco; mostra a rosca transportadora(403) acionada por motor(404) elétrico. A figura 3 é uma vista esquemática lateral da cavidade(400) reacional. Mostra o motor(404) da rosca transportadora(403), a entrada(401 ) de resíduos úmido e a saída(402) de resíduo seco. Mostra os flanges(410) e as saídas(420) de exaustão. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the microwave reactor (40) responsible for the drying step (4). Shows the reaction cavity (400) with the wet residue inlet (401) and the dry residue outlet (402); shows the electric motor driven conveyor thread (403) (404). Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the reaction cavity (400). It shows the motor (404) of the conveyor thread (403), the wet waste inlet (401) and the dry waste outlet (402). Shows exhaust flanges (410) and exits (420).
A figura 4 é uma vista esquemática superior da cavidade(400) reacional. Figure 4 is a schematic top view of the reaction cavity (400).
Mostra a rosca transportadora(403), com o motor(404); mostra os geradores de micro-ondas(414) ligados na cavidade(400) reacional por guias(41 1 ) e curvas(412). Mostra os exaustores(421 ) ligados na cavidade(400) reacional por saídas(420) de exaustão. Shows the conveyor thread (403) with the motor (404); shows the microwave generators (414) connected in the reaction cavity (400) by guides (41 1) and curves (412). Shows the hoods (421) connected in the reaction cavity (400) by exhaust ports (420).
A figura 5 é uma vista esquemática da curva(412) que contém tubo(413). Figure 5 is a schematic view of bend (412) containing tube (413).
A figura 6 uma vista esquemática dos exaustores(421 ) ligados na cavidade(400) reacional por saídas(420) de exaustão. Figure 6 is a schematic view of the hoods (421) connected to the reaction cavity (400) by exhaust ports (420).
A cavidade(400) reacional consiste em um tubo de aço inoxidável, que contém uma rosca transportadora(403) acoplada a um moto-redutor(404). A cavidade(400) reacional está conectada à geradores de micro-ondas(414), conhecidos por magnetrons, instalados ao longo do corpo da cavidade(400) reacional, que são a fonte das micro-ondas para promover o processo de secagem ou oxidação térmica. A conexão entre os geradores de micro- ondas(414) e a cavidade(400) reacional é feita por guias(41 1 ) de micro-ondas, com curvas(412) parafusadas em flanges(410) na parede da cavidade(400) reacional; as curvas(412) são dotadas de tubos(413) por onde é injetado ar seco, com a finalidade de impedir a entrada de vapores de água e outros produtos, bem como de gases. Este processo substitui chapas de teflon, quartzo e outros materiais. Os geradores de micro-ondas(414) são colocados intercalados com a finalidade de melhor distribuir as ondas dentro da cavidade(400) reacional, e também diminuir a distância entre os geradores de micro-ondas(414), de forma a minimizar a distância entre eles. The reaction cavity (400) consists of a stainless steel tube containing a conveyor thread (403) coupled to a gearmotor (404). The reaction cavity (400) is connected to microwave generators (414), known as magnetrons, installed along the body of the reaction cavity (400), which are the source of the microwaves to promote the drying or oxidation process. thermal The connection between the microwave generators (414) and the reaction cavity (400) is made by microwave guides (41 1), with curves (412) bolted to flanges (410) in the cavity wall (400). reactionary; the curves 412 are provided with tubes 413 through which dry air is injected to prevent the entry of water vapors and other products as well as gases. This process replaces Teflon sheets, quartz and other materials. Microwave generators (414) are placed interleaved for the purpose of better distributing the waves within the reaction cavity (400), and also to reduce the distance between the microwave generators (414) to minimize the distance between them.
A secagem do material processado ocorre na cavidade(400) reacional que receberá a emissão das micro-ondas, geradas nos geradores de micro- ondas(414) que utiliza a energia na faixa das microondas, 2.450 e 915 MHz. Dentro do reator(40), o resíduo é então irradiado com as micro-ondas. A mistura de resíduos permanecerá no reator(40), recebendo as micro-ondas, por um tempo que depende da característica e teor de umidade do resíduo para que a combustível saia com a umidade desejada. A entrada(401) da cavidade(400) reacional pode possuir aspersores de onde podem ser aspergidos na massa de resíduos, líquidos alcalinos, ácidos, neutros, ou oxidantes, que podem ajudar o processo; Após o tempo de residência necessário para secagem, controlado pela velocidade de rotação da rosca transportadora(403), o resíduo já está em condições de ser encaminhado para a etapa seguinte do processo. O tempo de residência necessário para secagem é variável de acordo com o resíduo e umidade desejada após a secagem. A mistura do resíduo seco com outros combustíveis pode ser feita, caso julgue-se necessário, num misturador tipo planetário, após a etapa de secagem/carbonização.  The drying of the processed material occurs in the reaction cavity (400) which will receive the emission of the microwaves generated in the microwave generators (414) which uses the energy in the microwave range, 2,450 and 915 MHz. Inside the reactor (40 ), the residue is then irradiated with the microwave. The waste mixture will remain in the reactor (40), receiving the microwaves, for a time that depends on the characteristic and moisture content of the residue so that the fuel exits with the desired humidity. The inlet 401 of the reaction cavity 400 may have sprinklers from which they may be sprayed onto the mass of waste, alkaline liquids, acids, neutrals, or oxidizers which may aid the process; After the residence time required for drying, controlled by the speed of rotation of the conveyor thread (403), the residue is already in a condition to be sent to the next step of the process. The residence time required for drying varies according to the desired residue and humidity after drying. The dry residue may be mixed with other fuels if deemed necessary in a planetary type mixer after the drying / carbonization step.
Um sistema de deslocamento e exaustão de ar convectivo, ou vácuo, garantirá a retirada dos gases e vapores gerados durante a emissão das microondas, acelerando o processo de secagem. O sistema de deslocamento de ar convectivo compreende a saída(420) de exaustão e os exaustores(421 ). Conforme mostrado na figura 6, a tubulação de saída(420) possui acentuada inclinação descendente desde a cavidade(400) reacional até os exaustores(421 ) para que o condensado que se forma na tubulação não retorne para o interior da cavidade(400) reacional. Este sistema de ventilação pode ser substituído por um sistema de vácuo caso se verifique a necessidade, de acordo com as características dos resíduos. Estes gases e vapores gerados no processo serão conduzidos a um sistema de lavação específico. A convective air displacement and exhaust system, or vacuum, will ensure the removal of gases and vapors generated during the emission of microwaves, accelerating the drying process. The convective air displacement system comprises the exhaust outlet (420) and the exhaust fans (421). As shown in Figure 6, the outlet pipe 420 has a steep downward slope from the reaction cavity 400 to the hoods 421 so that condensate forming in the pipe does not return to the reaction cavity (400). This ventilation system can be replaced by a vacuum system if necessary according to the characteristics of the waste. These gases and vapors generated in the process will be conducted to a specific washing system.
O processo funcionará em modo contínuo, onde o tempo de emissão de micro-ondas no resíduo será definido em função das características do próprio resíduo. O processo é adicionalmente explicado por meio do exemplo, a seguir: Exemplo:  The process will work in a continuous mode, where the microwave emission time in the waste will be defined according to the characteristics of the waste itself. The process is further explained by the following example: Example:
Para demonstração do processo, foi coletada uma quantidade de lixo residencial urbano, e separou-se metais e vidros da matéria orgânica, plásticos e papéis. Esta porção (matéria orgânica, plásticos e papéis) de aproximadamente um quilo foi triturada e introduzida na cavidade(400) reacional, do reator(40) tubular. A cavidade(400) reacional é dotada de uma rosca-sem-fim(403) e geradores de micro-ondas(414) na faixa de 2,45 GHz, um sistema de ventilação e exaustão de ar. O resíduo triturado permaneceu sob emissão de microondas por um período de 5 min e sob um fluxo de ar convectivo produzido por soprador de ar. O produto coletado após a passagem pelo reator(40) foi comprimido em uma prensa hidráulica manual de 30 ton, obtendo-se um tablete. O tablete obtido foi encaminhado para análise de poder calorífico pelo método ASTM-240-87, obtendo-se valores entre 4.200 e 4.573 Kcal/Kg.  To demonstrate the process, a quantity of urban residential waste was collected, and metals and glass were separated from organic matter, plastics and paper. This approximately one kilogram (organic matter, plastics and paper) portion was ground and introduced into the reaction cavity (400) of the tubular reactor (40). The reaction cavity (400) is provided with a worm thread (403) and microwave generators (414) in the 2.45 GHz range, a ventilation and exhaust system. The crushed residue remained under microwave emission for a period of 5 min and under a convective air flow produced by air blower. The product collected after passage through the reactor (40) was compressed in a 30 ton manual hydraulic press, obtaining a tablet. The obtained tablet was sent for calorific analysis by the method ASTM-240-87, obtaining values between 4,200 and 4,573 Kcal / Kg.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES
1. PROCESSO E EQUIPAMENTO PARA SECAGEM DE RESÍDUOS URBANOS, INDUSTRIAIS E DE SAÚDE E TRANSFORMAÇÃO EM COMBUSTÍVEL PARA CALDEIRAS E FORNALHAS INDUSTRIAIS que transforma resíduos urbanos, industriais e de saúde em geral, em material combustível, utilizando processos de recepção, triagem, trituração e briquetagem, caracterizado pela inclusão do processo de secagem dos resíduos urbanos, industriais e de saúde em geral, através de equipamento reator(40) que utiliza micro-ondas como fonte de energia;  1. PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT FOR DRYING URBAN, INDUSTRIAL AND HEALTH WASTE AND FUEL TRANSFORMATION FOR INDUSTRIAL BOILERS AND FURNACE that transforms municipal, industrial and general health waste into combustible material using reception, sorting, crushing and briquetting processes , characterized by the inclusion of the drying process of urban, industrial and general health waste through reactor equipment (40) that uses microwaves as a source of energy;
2. PROCESSO PARA SECAGEM DE RESÍDUOS URBANOS, INDUSTRIAIS E DE SAÚDE E TRANSFORMAÇÃO EM COMBUSTÍVEL PARA CALDEIRAS E FORNALHAS INDUSTRIAIS, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo processo de secagem dos resíduos ocorrer após o processo de trituração.  Process for drying of urban, industrial and health waste and fuel processing for boilers and industrial furnaces according to claim 1, characterized in that the process of drying the waste takes place after the grinding process.
3. PROCESSO PARA SECAGEM DE RESÍDUOS URBANOS, INDUSTRIAIS E DE SAÚDE E TRANSFORMAÇÃO EM COMBUSTÍVEL PARA CALDEIRAS E FORNALHAS INDUSTRIAIS, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pela possibilidade de adição, através de misturadores, de outros combustíveis, após o processo de secagem.  Process for drying of urban, industrial and health waste and fuel processing for boilers and industrial furnaces according to Claim 1, characterized in that other fuels may be added via mixers after the drying process.
4. EQUIPAMENTO PARA SECAGEM DE RESÍDUOS URBANOS, INDUSTRIAIS E DE SAÚDE E TRANSFORMAÇÃO EM COMBUSTÍVEL PARA CALDEIRAS E FORNALHAS INDUSTRIAIS que realiza o processo de secagem descrito na reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pelo equipamento reator(40), que utiliza micro-ondas como fonte de energia, compreender uma cavidade(400) reacional que contém em seu interior uma rosca transportadora(403) acoplada a um moto-redutor(404) e possuir geradores de micro-ondas(414), instalados ao longo da superfície da cavidade(400) reacional, e os geradores de micro-ondas(414) serem conectados ao interior da cavidade(400) reacional através de guias de onda(41 1 ) e curva(412) acopladas na parede da cavidade(400) reacional, e as curvas(412) possuírem tubos(413) ligados ao meio externo; e da cavidade(400) reacional possuir junto a uma da extremidades um entrada(401 ) de resíduos úmido e possuir na extremidade oposta uma saída(402) de resíduo seco; e da cavidade(400) reacional possuir, ao longo de sua superfície, saídas(420) de exaustão ligadas em exaustores(421 ). 4. EQUIPMENT FOR DRYING URBAN, INDUSTRIAL AND HEALTH WASTE AND FUEL TRANSFORMATION FOR BOILERS AND INDUSTRIAL FURNACE that performs the drying process described in claim 1, characterized by the reactor equipment (40), which uses microwaves as a power source comprise a reaction cavity (400) which contains a thread inside conveyor (403) coupled to a gearmotor (404) and have microwave generators (414) installed along the surface of the reaction cavity (400), and microwave generators (414) being connected to the interior. the reaction cavity (400) via waveguides (41 1) and bend (412) coupled to the wall of the reaction cavity (400), and the bends (412) have tubes (413) connected to the external medium; and the reaction cavity (400) has at one end a wet waste inlet (401) and a dry waste outlet (402) at the opposite end; and the reaction cavity (400) has, along its surface, exhaust outlets (420) connected to exhaust fans (421).
5. EQUIPAMENTO PARA SECAGEM DE RESÍDUOS URBANOS, INDUSTRIAIS E DE SAÚDE E TRANSFORMAÇÃO EM COMBUSTÍVEL PARA CALDEIRAS E FORNALHAS INDUSTRIAIS de acordo com a reivindicação 4, caracterizado pela entrada(401 ) da cavidade(400) reacional possuir aspersores de líquidos.  5. EQUIPMENT FOR DRYING URBAN, INDUSTRIAL AND HEALTH WASTE AND FUEL TRANSFORMATION FOR BOILERS AND INDUSTRIAL FURNACES according to claim 4, characterized in that the inlet (401) of the reaction cavity (400) has liquid sprinklers.
6. EQUIPAMENTO PARA SECAGEM DE RESÍDUOS URBANOS, INDUSTRIAIS E DE SAÚDE E TRANSFORMAÇÃO EM COMBUSTÍVEL PARA CALDEIRAS E FORNALHAS INDUSTRIAIS de acordo com a reivindicação 4, caracterizado pela cavidade(400) reacional possuir um sistema de fluxo de ar convectivo que compreende as saídas(420) de exaustão e os exaustores(421 ) e os dutos de exaustão terem acentuado caimento em direção aos exaustores.  6. EQUIPMENT FOR DRYING URBAN, INDUSTRIAL AND HEALTH WASTE AND FUEL TRANSFORMATION FOR INDUSTRIAL BOILERS AND FURNESSES according to Claim 4, characterized in that the reaction cavity (400) has a convective airflow system comprising the outlets (420 ) and the hoods (421) and the exhaust ducts have accentuated trim towards the hoods.
7. EQUIPAMENTO PARA SECAGEM DE RESÍDUOS URBANOS, INDUSTRIAIS E DE SAÚDE E TRANSFORMAÇÃO EM COMBUSTÍVEL PARA CALDEIRAS E FORNALHAS INDUSTRIAIS de acordo com a reivindicação 4, caracterizado pelos geradores de micro-ondas(414) utilizarem energia na faixa das micro-ondas, 2.450 e 915 MHz. 7. EQUIPMENT FOR DRYING URBAN, INDUSTRIAL AND HEALTH WASTE AND FUEL TRANSFORMATION FOR INDUSTRIAL BOILERS AND OVEN claim 4, characterized in that the microwave generators (414) use energy in the microwave range, 2,450 and 915 MHz.
PCT/BR2014/050020 2013-12-10 2014-11-24 Process and equipment for drying urban, industrial and medical waste and conversion into fuel for industrial boilers and furnaces WO2015085388A1 (en)

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