WO2015083373A1 - 電力制御システム、電力制御装置及び電力制御システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
電力制御システム、電力制御装置及び電力制御システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015083373A1 WO2015083373A1 PCT/JP2014/006025 JP2014006025W WO2015083373A1 WO 2015083373 A1 WO2015083373 A1 WO 2015083373A1 JP 2014006025 W JP2014006025 W JP 2014006025W WO 2015083373 A1 WO2015083373 A1 WO 2015083373A1
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- power generation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/388—Islanding, i.e. disconnection of local power supply from the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
- H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
- Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
- Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
- Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power control system, a power control apparatus, and a control method for the power control system.
- a power generation conditioner for a power generation system equipped with power generation equipment such as a solar panel the system is connected to a commercial power system (hereinafter abbreviated as system as appropriate) and outputs AC power.
- system a commercial power system
- AC power there are known ones that enable independent operation that outputs alternating current power (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- a power control system it is required to centrally manage and operate a plurality of distributed power sources such as a solar cell, a storage battery, a fuel cell, and a gas generator.
- a system capable of managing efficient operation control among a plurality of distributed power sources without destroying the versatility on the distributed power source side.
- an object of the present invention made in view of the problems as described above is to provide a power control system capable of managing efficient operation control among a plurality of distributed power sources without destroying the versatility on the distributed power source side,
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power control apparatus and a control method for a power control system.
- a power control system includes: A power control system having a power generation device that generates power while a current sensor detects a forward power flow, A power control device having an output unit capable of outputting power from the other distributed power source in a state where the power generation device and the other distributed power source are disconnected from the system; A pseudo output system capable of supplying a pseudo current that can be detected by the current sensor as a current in the same direction as a forward power flow by an output from at least one of the output unit and the power generation device; A self-sustaining operation switch that is arranged between the power generation device and the other distributed power source, and is turned off during a grid operation, and is turned on during a self-sustaining operation by the distributed power source; It further includes a synchronous switch that synchronizes with the self-sustained operation switch, and causes the pseudo current to flow when the self-sustained operation switch is turned on.
- the distributed power source includes a storage battery,
- the pseudo output system for supplying the pseudo current is configured to select and supply at least a binary pseudo current, When the storage battery is fully charged, it is preferable that a small current value is selected from the at least two pseudo-currents.
- a large current value i 1 [A] is i 1 > X / (Vg) with a predetermined value X [W] specified by the characteristics of the power generation device.
- Vg is the output voltage [V] from the power generator
- the small current value i 2 [A] is in the relationship of i 2 ⁇ X / (Vg) with the predetermined value X [W]. It is preferable to satisfy.
- the supply of the pseudo current to the current sensor is performed by winding a wire to which the pseudo current in the pseudo output system is supplied to the current sensor by a predetermined number of turns n [times],
- a large current value i 1 [A] is i 1 > X / (n ⁇ Vg) with a predetermined value X [W] specified by the characteristics of the power generator.
- Vg is the output voltage [V] from the power generator
- the small current value i 2 [A] is i 2 ⁇ X / (n ⁇ Vg) between the predetermined value X [W]. It is preferable to satisfy the relationship.
- the pseudo output system is formed by connecting two or more combinations of a series connection of a resistor and a switch in parallel.
- the at least binary pseudo-current has a ternary pseudo-current, and the largest current value i 3 [A] among the ternary pseudo-currents is specified by the power generation start current value of the power generator. Satisfying the relationship of i 3 > Y / (Vg) (Vg is the output voltage [V] from the power generator), and the second largest current value i 1 [A] is Between the predetermined value X [W] and the predetermined value Y [W] specified by the characteristics of the power generator, the relationship of i 1 > X / (Vg) and i 1 ⁇ Y / (Vg) is satisfied, The smallest current value i 2 [A] preferably satisfies the relationship i 2 ⁇ X / (Vg) with the predetermined value X [W].
- the at least binary pseudo-current has a ternary pseudo-current; Among the ternary pseudo currents, the largest current value i 3 [A] is i 3 > Y / (n) with a predetermined value Y [W] specified by the power generation start current value of the power generator.
- Vg Vg is the output voltage [V] from the power generator
- the second largest current value i 1 [A] is a predetermined value X [W] specified by the characteristics of the power generator and Satisfying the relationship of i 1 > X / (n ⁇ Vg) and i 1 ⁇ Y / (n ⁇ Vg) with the predetermined value Y [W], the smallest current value i 2 [A] is It is preferable to satisfy the relationship of i 2 ⁇ X / (n ⁇ Vg) with the predetermined value X [W].
- a power control device used in a power control system having a power generation device that generates power while a current sensor detects a forward power flow and another distributed power source, In a state where the power generation device and the other distributed power supply are disconnected from the system, an output unit capable of outputting electric power from the other distributed power supply is provided, By an output from at least one of the output unit and the power generation device, a pseudo current that is a current in the same direction as a forward current can be supplied to the current sensor, A self-sustained operation switch that is turned off at the time of grid operation and turned on at the time of self-sustained operation by the distributed power source, the self-sustained operation switch is arranged between the power generation device and the other distributed power source, In synchronization with the self-sustained operation switch, a control unit that performs control for causing a pseudo current to flow when the self-supporting operation switch is turned on is provided.
- a control method of the power control system includes: A control method of a power control system having a power generation device that generates power while a current sensor detects a forward power flow and another distributed power source, Outputting power from the other distributed power source in a state where the power generation device and the other distributed power source are disconnected from the grid; and Supplying a pseudo current which is a current in the same direction as a forward current to the current sensor by an output from at least one of the power generation device and the other distributed power source; A step of turning off a self-sustained operation switch disposed between the power generation device and the other distributed power source at the time of grid operation; Turning on the self-sustaining operation switch during self-sustaining operation; And a step of turning on a synchronous switch for allowing a pseudo current to flow when the self-sustaining operation switch is turned on.
- efficient operation control among a plurality of distributed power supplies can be managed without destroying the versatility on the distributed power supply side. Is possible.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a power control system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the wiring regarding the pseudo output system of the electric power control system which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the wiring of a current sensor, a system
- the power control system according to the present embodiment includes a distributed power source that supplies power that can be sold and / or a distributed power source that supplies power that cannot be sold, in addition to the power supplied from the system (commercial power system).
- a distributed power source that supplies power that can be sold is a system that supplies power by, for example, solar power generation.
- a distributed power source that supplies electric power that cannot be sold is generated by, for example, a storage battery system that can charge and discharge electric power, a fuel cell system that includes a fuel cell such as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and gas fuel. Gas power generation system.
- a solar cell as a distributed power source that supplies power that can be sold
- a storage battery as a distributed power source that supplies power that cannot be sold
- a power generator that is a fuel cell or a gas generator.
- An example is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a power control system according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the power control system according to the present embodiment includes a solar cell 11, a storage battery 12, a power conditioner 20 (power control device), a distribution board 31, a load 32, a power generation device 33, a current sensor 40, And a pseudo output system 50.
- the power generation device 33 is configured by a fuel cell or a gas generator.
- the power control system normally performs an interconnection operation with the grid, and supplies power supplied from the grid and power from each distributed power source (solar battery 11, storage battery 12, and power generation device 33) to the load 32.
- the power control system performs a self-sustained operation when there is no power supply from the system, such as during a power failure, and supplies power from each distributed power source (solar battery 11, storage battery 12, power generation device 33) to each load (load 32, second power 1 pseudo current load 51 and second pseudo current load 54).
- each distributed power source solar cell 11, storage battery 12, power generation device 33
- each distributed power source is in a state of being disconnected from the system, and when the power control system performs interconnection operation,
- Each distributed power source (solar cell 11, storage battery 12, power generation device 33) is connected to the system in parallel.
- a solid line connecting each functional block represents a wiring through which power flows
- a broken line connecting each functional block represents a flow of a control signal or information to be communicated.
- the communication indicated by the broken line may be wired communication or wireless communication.
- various methods including each layer can be adopted. For example, communication by a short-range communication method such as ZigBee (registered trademark) can be employed.
- various transmission media such as infrared communication and power line communication (PLC) can be used.
- PLC power line communication
- ZigBee SEP2.0 Smart Energy Profile 2.0
- ECHONET Lite registered trademark
- the solar cell 11 converts solar energy into DC power.
- the solar battery 11 is configured such that, for example, power generation units having photoelectric conversion cells are connected in a matrix and output a predetermined short-circuit current (for example, 10 A).
- the type of solar cell 11 is not limited as long as it is capable of photoelectric conversion, such as a silicon-based polycrystalline solar cell, a silicon-based single crystal solar cell, or a thin-film solar cell such as CIGS.
- the storage battery 12 includes a storage battery such as a lithium ion battery or a nickel metal hydride battery.
- the storage battery 12 can supply electric power by discharging the charged electric power.
- the storage battery 12 can be charged with the power supplied from the power generation device 33 as described later.
- the power conditioner 20 (power control device) converts the direct current power supplied from the solar battery 11 and the storage battery 12 and the alternating current power supplied from the grid and the power generation device 33, and performs interconnection operation and independence. Operation switching control is performed.
- the power conditioner 20 includes an inverter 21, interconnection operation switches 22 and 23, a self-sustaining operation switch 24, and a control unit 25 that controls the entire power conditioner 20.
- the power conditioner 20 is provided with the output part 26 (refer FIG. 2) for supplying alternating current power with respect to the pseudo output system 50 mentioned later.
- the interconnection operation switch 23 may be configured to be out of the power conditioner 20.
- the inverter 21 is a bidirectional inverter, converts the DC power supplied from the solar battery 11 and the storage battery 12 into AC power, and converts the AC power supplied from the system and the power generation device 33 into DC power. Convert to A converter that boosts the DC power from the solar battery 11 and the storage battery 12 to a certain voltage may be provided in the previous stage of the inverter 21.
- the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 and the independent operation switch 24 are each configured by a relay, a transistor, and the like, and are on / off controlled. As illustrated, the self-sustaining operation switch 24 is disposed between the power generation device 33 and the storage battery 12.
- the interconnecting operation switches 22 and 23 and the independent operation switch 24 are switched synchronously so that both are not simultaneously turned on (or off). More specifically, when the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 are turned on, the autonomous operation switch 24 is turned off synchronously, and when the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 are turned off, the autonomous operation switch 24 is turned on synchronously. It becomes.
- Synchronous control of the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 and the independent operation switch 24 is realized by hardware by branching the wiring of the control signal to the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 to the independent operation switch 24. It goes without saying that the ON and OFF states for the same control signal can be set separately for each switch. Further, the synchronous control of the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 and the independent operation switch 24 can be realized by software by the control unit 25. However, as an exception to the above control, when the power conditioner is off, only the grid operation switch 23 is turned on, and both the grid operation switch 22 and the independent operation switch 24 are turned off. Only supply power to the electrical panel.
- the control unit 25 is constituted by a microcomputer, for example, and controls the operation of each unit such as the inverter 21, the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23, and the self-sustained operation switch 24 based on a rise in system voltage or a power failure state.
- the control unit 25 switches the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 on and the independent operation switch 24 off during the interconnection operation.
- the control part 25 switches the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 off and the autonomous operation switch 24 on during the independent operation.
- Distribution board 31 divides the power supplied from the grid during grid operation into a plurality of branches and distributes it to load 32.
- the distribution board 31 distributes the power supplied from a plurality of distributed power sources (solar cell 11, storage battery 12, and power generation device 33) to a plurality of branches and distributes them to the load 32 during the independent operation.
- the load 32 is a power load that consumes power.
- various electric appliances such as air conditioners, microwave ovens, and televisions used in homes, air conditioners or lighting fixtures used in commercial and industrial facilities, and the like. Machine, lighting equipment, etc.
- the power generation device 33 is constituted by a fuel cell or a gas generator.
- a fuel cell includes a cell that generates direct-current power by a chemical reaction with oxygen in the air using hydrogen, an inverter that converts the generated direct-current power into 100V or 200V AC power, and other accessories.
- the fuel cell as the power generation device 33 is a system that enables supply of AC power to the load 32 without using the power conditioner 20, and is always designed to be connected to the power conditioner 20.
- the system may be a versatile system.
- the gas generator generates power with a gas engine using a predetermined gas or the like as fuel.
- the power generation device 33 performs power generation while the corresponding current sensor 40 detects a forward power flow (current in the power purchase direction).
- a load following operation that follows the power consumption of the load 32 or a predetermined rated power value is performed.
- the tracking range during load following operation is, for example, 200 to 700 W
- the rated power value during rated operation is, for example, 700 W.
- the power generation device 33 may perform a load following operation that follows the power consumption of the load 32 during the interconnection operation, and may perform a load following operation or a rated operation based on the rated power value during the independent operation.
- the current sensor 40 detects a current flowing between the system and the power generation device 33.
- the power generation device 33 since the power generated by the power generation device 33 is defined as being unsellable, the power generation device 33 generates power when the current sensor 40 detects a reverse power flow (current in the power selling direction) to the grid side. To stop. While the current sensor 40 detects a forward power flow, the power generation device 33 performs power generation in a load following operation or a rated operation on the assumption that power can be supplied to the load 32 from itself.
- the current sensor 40 is preferably disposed at a location where the current generated by the power generation device 33 does not flow during the self-sustaining operation in the power conditioner 20.
- the power control system has a current (pseudo-current) in the same direction as the pseudo forward flow to the current sensor 40 through the pseudo-output system 50 in a state where the power generation device 33 and the storage battery 12 are disconnected from the grid. ).
- the power generation device 33 can be rated and the power generated by the power generation device 33 can be stored in the storage battery 12.
- power storage by the pseudo current through the pseudo output system 50 will be described in detail.
- the pseudo output system 50 can supply the current sensor 40 with a pseudo current which is a current in the same direction as the forward flow.
- the pseudo output system 50 is a system that receives power supply from the output unit 26 of the power conditioner 20 or the power generation device 33, and includes a first pseudo current load 51, a second pseudo current load 54, a synchronous switch 52, and the like.
- the first pseudo current control switch 53 and the second pseudo current control switch 55 are provided.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing wiring related to the pseudo output system 50.
- the system is a single-phase three-wire of 200V. In this case, one of the voltage lines and the neutral line are connected to the pseudo output system 50 at the output unit 26.
- the connection line to the pseudo output system 50 is wired so as to pass through the current sensors 40 installed on the two voltage lines.
- the pseudo output system 50 may be configured integrally with the power conditioner 20 or may be configured independently of the power conditioner 20.
- the first pseudo current load 51 and the second pseudo current load 54 are loads having different resistance values, which are appropriately provided for current adjustment in the pseudo output system 50. As the first pseudo current load 51 and the second pseudo current load 54, loads outside the pseudo output system 50 may be used.
- the synchronous switch 52 is for supplying a part of the electric power supplied from the power conditioner 20 or the power generator 33 to the pseudo output system 50 to the current sensor 40 as a pseudo current in the same direction as the forward flow.
- the first pseudo current control switch 53 and the second pseudo current control switch 55 are for preventing unnecessary power generation due to the pseudo current.
- the synchronous switch 52, the first pseudo current control switch 53, and the second pseudo current control switch 55 are configured by independent relays, transistors, and the like, and are independently turned on / off by the control unit 25 of the power conditioner 20. Be controlled.
- the first pseudo-current load 51 and the first pseudo-current control switch 53 are connected in series, and both the synchronous switch 52 and the first pseudo-current control switch 53 are turned on. Then, a pseudo current flows through the first pseudo current load 51.
- the second pseudo current load 54 and the second pseudo current control switch 55 are also connected in series. When both the synchronous switch 52 and the second pseudo current control switch 55 are turned on, the second pseudo current load 54 is turned on. A pseudo-current flows through.
- the first pseudo-current load 51 and the second pseudo-current load 54 are loads having different resistance values, and any of the first pseudo-current control switch 53 and the second pseudo-current control switch 55 is used. Depending on whether it is turned on, the two pseudo current values can be switched and set. The binary pseudo-current value is switched according to the power generation state of the power generator as will be described later.
- the synchronous switch 52 is ON / OFF controlled in synchronization with the self-sustaining operation switch 24 of the power conditioner 20. That is, the synchronous switch 52 is turned off during the interconnected operation and is turned on during the autonomous operation, like the autonomous operation switch 24. More specifically, the synchronous switch 52 is a switch that synchronizes the disconnection / parallel switching with the system and the switching timing, and allows a pseudo current to flow at the time of disconnection and does not flow a pseudo current at the time of parallel.
- the synchronous control of the independent operation switch 24 and the synchronous switch 52 is realized by hardware by branching the wiring of the control signal to the independent operation switch 24 to the synchronous switch 52. Synchronous control of the independent operation switch 24 and the synchronous switch 52 can also be realized by software by the control unit 25.
- the output from the power generator 33 can be charged to the storage battery 12 during the self-sustaining operation.
- the pseudo current value is set large by turning on the first pseudo current control switch 53 and turning off the second pseudo current control switch 55.
- the pseudo current value is set small by turning off the first pseudo current control switch 53 and turning on the second pseudo current control switch 55.
- the case where the charging of the storage battery 12 is completed indicates a case where the storage battery 12 is charged with electric power of a predetermined value or more.
- the control unit 25 may be configured to determine whether or not charging is completed through communication with the storage battery 12.
- the first pseudo current control switch 53 When the charging of the storage battery 12 is completed during the self-sustained operation, the first pseudo current control switch 53 is turned off, and the second pseudo current control switch 55 is turned on, the pseudo current flowing through the current sensor 40 is reduced, and the power generator 33 Unnecessary power generation due to can be stopped.
- the power generation device 33 in the power control system of the present embodiment has a rated power value of 700 W, and it is considered that about 35 W, which is 5%, has a power detection error. Therefore, for example, by setting the forward current 35W as the control target current value of the power generation device 33, the power generation device 33 reduces the power supplied from the system as much as possible while maintaining the forward power flow. It works to cover the supply. When the forward current detection value is 35 W or less in terms of output power, the amount of power generated by the power generator is decreased, and finally power generation is stopped.
- the output power conversion value of the pseudo-current detected by the current sensor is set to 35 W, which is a control target value.
- the output power conversion value of the pseudo current detected by the current sensor is made smaller than the control target value of 35 W.
- the power generation device 33 stops power generation because the pseudo-current generated by the current sensor is always below the control target value, but the current sensor detects a slightly forward current. In order to continue, the error of incorrect connection of the current sensor does not occur.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the connection between the current sensor 40 and the system and the pseudo output system 50.
- the system power line 60 from the system passes through the center, and the pseudo output wiring 61 from the pseudo output system 50 is wound by a predetermined number of turns. The more the pseudo output wiring 61 is wound around the current sensor 40, the greater the current in the forward flow direction can be detected with a small pseudo current.
- a method for determining a binary pseudo current value when a large pseudo current value is selected, a pseudo current I 1 corresponding to an output power of 100 W that is larger than 35 W, which is a control target value (predetermined value X), is generated, and a small pseudo current value is selected. In this case, it is considered that a pseudo current I 2 corresponding to an output power of 20 W that is smaller than the control target value of 35 W is generated.
- the output voltage (Vg) of the power generator is AC 200V
- the number of turns (n) of the pseudo output wiring 61 wound around the current sensor is 10, and the pseudo current I 1 to be generated by the pseudo output system 50, I 2 is obtained by the following calculation.
- the I 1, the resistance value R 1 of the first pseudo current load 51 for generating I 2, and method for determining the resistance value R 2 for the second pseudo current load 54 will be described.
- the resistance values R 1 and R 2 for generating the above I 1 and I 2 are obtained by the following calculations, respectively.
- the pseudo current values I 1 and I 2 and the resistance values R 1 and R 2 obtained by the above calculation are only one embodiment, and as is clear from the equations (1) to (4), the turn of the pseudo output wiring 61 Various parameters can be selected depending on the number, the pseudo current value (equivalent output power value) to be supplied to the current sensor, and the like.
- the pseudo output wiring 61 does not necessarily have to be wound around the current sensor 40 a plurality of times, and the current sensor 40 may detect a current equal to the pseudo current flowing in the pseudo output system 50. In that case, calculation may be performed with the number of turns (n) of the pseudo output wiring 61 being 1 in each equation.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a control example of the power control system during the interconnection operation.
- each switch of the power conditioner 20 is controlled such that the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 are turned on and the independent operation switch 24 is turned off.
- the switches of the pseudo output system 50 are controlled so that the synchronous switch 52 is turned off, and the first pseudo current control switch 53 and the second pseudo current control switch 55 are turned on or off according to the charge amount of the storage battery 12.
- AC 100V (or 200V) is supplied from the system and is supplied to the load 32.
- the power conditioner 20 charges the storage battery 12 by converting AC power from the system into DC power when charging of the storage battery 12 is not completed.
- the power conditioner 20 can convert the generated power of the solar cell 11 into AC power and reversely flow into the system, or sell surplus power.
- the power conditioner 20 has a configuration capable of outputting power from the system and power from the distributed power source (solar battery 11 and storage battery 12) to the pseudo output system 50, but the synchronous switch 52 is off during the interconnection operation. Therefore, the pseudo current is not supplied to the current sensor 40. Since a forward flow (current in the power purchase direction) flows from the system to the current sensor 40, the power generation device 33 generates power and supplies power to the load 32 through the distribution board 31.
- each switch of the power conditioner 20 is controlled such that the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 are turned off and the independent operation switch 24 is turned on.
- Each switch of the pseudo output system 50 is controlled such that the synchronous switch 52 is turned on, the first pseudo current control switch 53 is turned on, and the second pseudo current control switch 55 is turned off.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing power supply by the distributed power source during the independent operation.
- the power conditioner 20 outputs the power of the distributed power supply (solar battery 11 and storage battery 12) to the load 32 and the pseudo output system 50 via the autonomous operation switch 24.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the power generation of the power generation device 33 by the pseudo current during the independent operation.
- the power generation device 33 when the power generation device 33 generates power during the self-sustaining operation, power is supplied to the pseudo output system 50 by the power generation device 33. A part of the power supplied to the pseudo output system 50 is supplied to the current sensor 40 as a pseudo current.
- the power generation device 33 since the current sensor 40 detects a forward power flow (current in the power purchase direction), the power generation device 33 performs power generation in the load following operation or the rated operation.
- the distribution board 31 supplies the power generated by the power generation device 33 to the load 32 and supplies surplus power exceeding the power consumption of the load 32 to the power conditioner 20.
- the surplus power is converted into DC power by the inverter 21 through the self-sustained operation switch 24 in the power conditioner 20 and supplied to the storage battery 12.
- the power conditioner 20 disconnects the power generation device 33 and the other distributed power sources (solar battery 11 and storage battery 12) from the system, and the self-sustained operation switch is turned on.
- a pseudo output system 50 capable of supplying power from the power generation device 33 or another distributed power source is provided, and a pseudo current that is a current in the same direction as the forward current is supplied to the current sensor 40 by the output from the pseudo output system 50. It can be supplied. This makes it possible to manage efficient operation control among a plurality of distributed power sources without destroying the versatility on the distributed power source side. More specifically, it is possible to cause the power generation device 33 to generate power by flowing a pseudo current through the current sensor 40 during the self-sustaining operation.
- the power generation of the power generation device 33 is controlled using the pseudo current to the current sensor 40, it is not necessary to make any special changes to the power generation device 33 itself, and a general-purpose fuel cell system and gas power generation system can be diverted. There are advantages.
- the synchronous switch 52 is a switch that synchronizes switching / parallel switching with the system and switching timing, and allows a pseudo current to flow when disconnected, and does not allow a pseudo current to flow when parallel. Accordingly, a pseudo current flows through the current sensor 40 during the independent operation disconnected from the system, while a pseudo current does not flow through the current sensor 40 during the connected operation parallel to the system, and the power generation device is erroneously generated. No reverse flow from 33 will occur.
- the self-sustained operation switch 24 is turned off during the grid operation, and is turned on during the self-sustained operation by the distributed power source, and the power generator 33 and other distributed power sources (the solar battery 11, Between the storage battery 12).
- the power generated by the power generation device 33 can be supplied to the other distributed power source through the self-sustained operation switch 24 during the self-sustaining operation.
- the storage battery 12 can be charged with electric power from the power generator 33 when the self-sustaining operation switch 24 is turned on. Thereby, it is possible to store in the storage battery 12 surplus power that is generated by the power generation device 33 during the self-sustained operation and exceeds the power consumption of the load 32, for example.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a control example of the power control system during the self-sustaining operation when the charging of the storage battery 12 is completed.
- each switch of the power conditioner 20 is controlled such that the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 are turned off and the independent operation switch 24 is turned on.
- each switch of the pseudo output system 50 is controlled such that the synchronous switch 52 is turned on, the first pseudo current control switch 53 is turned off, and the second pseudo current control switch 55 is turned on.
- the first pseudo current control switch 53 When charging of the storage battery 12 is completed, the first pseudo current control switch 53 is turned off and the second pseudo current control switch 55 is turned on, so that the power conditioner 20 or the power generator 33 is operated during the independent operation.
- the pseudo current generated by the power supplied to the pseudo output system 50 is as low as about 20 W in terms of output power. Therefore, since the current sensor 40 can detect only a forward power flow equal to or less than the control target value (35 W), the power generation device 33 gradually decreases the power generation amount and finally stops power generation. Therefore, no more current than necessary is output to the storage battery 12. However, since the current sensor 40 detects a slight forward flow, the current sensor 40 is not determined to be erroneously connected, and no error occurs.
- the first pseudo-current control switch 53 and the second pseudo-current control switch 55 are configured so that, when the storage battery 12 is fully charged, the pseudo-current that is equal to or less than a threshold that can be generated by the power generation device 33. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the power generation device 33 from generating more power than necessary.
- the current sensor 40 is preferably arranged in the power conditioner 20 at a location where current generated by the power generation device 33 does not flow during the self-sustaining operation. This is because, if the current sensor 40 is arranged at a location where a current generated by the power generation device 33 flows, it is necessary to output a pseudo current for generating the power generation device 33 with power exceeding the current generated by the power generation. This is because power consumption increases. That is, by disposing the current sensor 40 at a location where the current generated by the power generation device 33 does not flow during the self-sustained operation in the power conditioner 20, it is possible to reduce the power consumption related to the pseudo current.
- the two pseudo current control switches are exclusively controlled so that only one of them is turned on, but the present invention is not limited to this form.
- the third pseudo current may be set by simultaneously turning on both pseudo current control switches.
- the second embodiment of the present invention assumes a case in which the power generation device 33 starts power generation for the first time at a power larger than the above-described control target value (35 W: predetermined value X), for example, 200 W (predetermined value Y) or more. To do. That is, when a fuel cell is assumed as the power generation device 33, the fuel cell has low power generation efficiency at the time of low output, and therefore the threshold value for starting power generation is increased to about 200W. Such a case can be dealt with by adding another set of series connection of the pseudo current load and the pseudo current control switch and providing a third pseudo current value in FIGS. .
- both the pseudo current control switches 53 and 55 are turned off and the third pseudo current control switch is turned on to supply a pseudo current of, for example, 300 W of 200 W (predetermined value Y) or more.
- a pseudo current for example, 300 W of 200 W (predetermined value Y) or more.
- the third pseudo current control switch is turned off and the second pseudo current control switch 55 is turned on, thereby moving to the same operation as in the first embodiment.
- the operation after full charge is the same as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a power control system according to another embodiment.
- the power control system according to another embodiment includes a solar cell 11, a storage battery 12, a power conditioner 120 (power control device), a distribution board 31, a load 32, a power generation device 33, and a current sensor 40. And a pseudo output system 150.
- This embodiment is different from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the current sensor 40 is disposed between the grid operation switch 23 and the distribution board 31, and the second pseudo current load 54 and the second pseudo current load 54. Since only the point that the pseudo current control switch 55 is not used is different, the description of the common part with FIG. 1 is omitted in the following description.
- a current in the same direction as the pseudo forward flow is supplied to the current sensor 40 through the pseudo output system 150.
- the power generation device 33 can be rated and the power generated by the power generation device 33 can be stored in the storage battery 12.
- the pseudo output system 150 is capable of supplying a pseudo current that is a current in the same direction as the forward power flow to the current sensor 40.
- the pseudo output system 150 is a system that receives power supply from the output unit 26 of the power conditioner 120 or the power generation device 33, and includes a pseudo current load 51, a synchronous switch 52, and a pseudo current control switch 53.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing wiring relating to the pseudo output system 150.
- the power line from the distributed power source is a 200V single-phase three-wire. In this case, one of the voltage lines and the neutral line are connected to the pseudo output system 150.
- the connection line to the pseudo output system 150 is wired so as to pass through the current sensors 40 installed in the two voltage lines.
- the pseudo output system 150 may be configured integrally with the power conditioner 120 or may be configured independently of the power conditioner 120.
- the pseudo current load 51 is a load that is appropriately provided for current adjustment in the pseudo output system 150.
- the pseudo current load 51 a load outside the pseudo output system 150 may be used.
- the synchronous switch 52 is for supplying a part of the electric power supplied from the power conditioner 120 or the power generator 33 to the pseudo output system 150 to the current sensor 40 as a pseudo current in the same direction as the forward flow.
- the pseudo current control switch 53 is for preventing unnecessary power generation due to the pseudo current.
- the synchronous switch 52 and the pseudo current control switch 53 are configured by independent relays, transistors, and the like, and are independently controlled on / off by the control unit 25 of the power conditioner 120.
- the pseudo current load 51 and the pseudo current control switch 53 are connected in series, and when both the synchronous switch 52 and the pseudo current control switch 53 are turned on, the pseudo current load 51 A pseudo current flows.
- the synchronous switch 52 is ON / OFF controlled in synchronization with the self-sustaining operation switch 24 of the power conditioner 120. That is, the synchronous switch 52 is turned off during the interconnected operation and is turned on during the independent operation, like the autonomous operation switch 24. More specifically, the synchronous switch 52 is a switch that synchronizes the disconnection / parallel switching with the system and the switching timing. The synchronous switch 52 allows a pseudo current to flow when disconnected, and does not allow a pseudo current to flow when parallel.
- the synchronous control of the independent operation switch 24 and the synchronous switch 52 is realized by hardware by branching the wiring of the control signal to the independent operation switch 24 to the synchronous switch 52. Synchronous control of the independent operation switch 24 and the synchronous switch 52 can also be realized by software by the control unit 25.
- the output from the power generator 33 can be charged to the storage battery 12 during the self-sustaining operation.
- the pseudo current control switch 53 is turned on so that a predetermined pseudo current flows.
- the pseudo current control switch 53 is turned off so that the pseudo current does not flow.
- the control unit 25 may be configured to determine whether or not charging is completed through communication with the storage battery 12.
- the power generator 33 in the power control system of the present embodiment has a rated power value of 700W.
- the current sensor 40 detects a reverse power flow corresponding to the output power of 700 W.
- power is supplied from the power conditioner 120 or the power generation device 33 to the pseudo output system 150, and a pseudo current for canceling the reverse flow detected by the current sensor 40 is supplied. That is, it is configured to generate a pseudo current corresponding to an output power of 735 W or more so that the detection result of the current sensor is a forward power flow detection of 35 W or more in terms of output power.
- a case is considered in which a pseudo current greater than 735 W and corresponding to an output power of 800 W is generated.
- the pseudo current I 3 to be generated in the pseudo output system is obtained by the following calculation. .
- the resistance value R 3 of the pseudo current load 51 for generating I 3 is obtained by the following calculation.
- the pseudo current value I 3 and the resistance value R 3 obtained by the above calculation are only one embodiment, and depend on the number of turns of the pseudo output wiring 61, the pseudo current value (equivalent output power value) to be supplied to the current sensor, and the like. Various parameters can be selected.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a control example of the power control system during the interconnection operation.
- each switch of the power conditioner 120 is controlled such that the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 are turned on and the independent operation switch 24 is turned off.
- Each switch of the pseudo output system 150 is controlled so that the synchronous switch 52 is turned off and the pseudo current control switch 53 is turned on or off according to the charge amount of the storage battery 12.
- the power conditioner 120 charges the storage battery 12 by converting AC power from the system into DC power.
- the power conditioner 120 can convert the power generated by the solar battery 11 into AC power and reversely flow into the system, or can sell surplus power.
- the power conditioner 120 has a configuration capable of outputting power from the system and power from the distributed power source (solar battery 11 and storage battery 12) to the pseudo output system 150, but the synchronous switch 52 is off during the interconnection operation. Therefore, the pseudo current is not supplied to the current sensor 40. Since a forward flow (current in the power purchase direction) flows from the system to the current sensor 40, the power generation device 33 generates power and supplies power to the load 32 through the distribution board 31.
- each switch of the power conditioner 120 is controlled such that the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 are turned off and the independent operation switch 24 is turned on.
- Each switch of the pseudo output system 150 is controlled such that the synchronous switch 52 is turned on and the pseudo current control switch 53 is turned on.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing power supply by the distributed power source during the independent operation.
- the power conditioner 120 outputs the power of the distributed power source (solar battery 11 and storage battery 12) to the load 32 and the pseudo output system 150 via the autonomous operation switch 24.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the power generation of the power generation device 33 by the pseudo current during the independent operation.
- the power generation device 33 when the power generation device 33 generates power during the self-sustaining operation, power is supplied to the pseudo output system 150 by the power generation device 33. A part of the power supplied to the pseudo output system 150 is supplied to the current sensor 40 as a pseudo current.
- the current sensor 40 detects a forward power flow (current in the power purchase direction) that cancels the reverse power flow from the power generation device 33 by the pseudo current, the power generation device 33 executes power generation in the load following operation or the rated operation. .
- the distribution board 31 supplies the power generated by the power generation apparatus 33 to the load 32 and supplies surplus power exceeding the power consumption of the load 32 to the power conditioner 120. The surplus power is converted into DC power by the inverter 21 through the self-sustaining operation switch 24 in the power conditioner 120, and is supplied to the storage battery 12.
- the power conditioner 120 disconnects the power generation device 33 and the other distributed power sources (solar battery 11 and storage battery 12) from the system and turns on the self-sustaining operation switch. , Having a pseudo output system 150 capable of supplying power from the power generation device 33 or another distributed power source, and generating a pseudo current for canceling a reverse power flow from the power generation device 33 detected by the current sensor 40 and detecting a forward power flow. It can be supplied from the pseudo output system 150. This makes it possible to manage efficient operation control among a plurality of distributed power sources without destroying the versatility on the distributed power source side. More specifically, it is possible to cause the power generation device 33 to generate power by flowing a pseudo current through the current sensor 40 during the self-sustaining operation.
- the power generation of the power generation device 33 is controlled using the pseudo current to the current sensor 40, it is not necessary to make any special changes to the power generation device 33 itself, and a general-purpose fuel cell system and gas power generation system can be diverted. There are advantages.
- the synchronous switch 52 is a switch that synchronizes switching / parallel switching with the system and switching timing, and allows a pseudo current to flow when disconnected, and does not allow a pseudo current to flow when parallel.
- a pseudo current flows through the current sensor 40 during the self-sustained operation disconnected from the grid, while a pseudo current does not flow through the current sensor 40 during the linked operation parallel to the grid. There will be no reverse power flow from.
- the self-sustained operation switch 24 is turned off during the grid operation, and is turned on during the self-sustained operation by the distributed power source, and the power generator 33 and other distributed power sources (the solar battery 11, Between the storage battery 12).
- the power generated by the power generation device 33 can be supplied to the other distributed power source through the self-sustained operation switch 24 during the self-sustaining operation.
- the storage battery 12 can be charged with electric power from the power generator 33 when the self-sustaining operation switch 24 is turned on. Thereby, it is possible to store in the storage battery 12 surplus power that is generated by the power generation device 33 during the self-sustained operation and exceeds the power consumption of the load 32, for example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating a control example of the power control system during the autonomous operation when the storage battery 12 is fully charged.
- each switch of the power conditioner 120 is controlled such that the interconnection operation switches 22 and 23 are turned off and the independent operation switch 24 is turned on.
- the switches of the pseudo output system are controlled so that the synchronous switch 52 is turned on and the pseudo current control switch 53 is turned off.
- the pseudo current control switch 53 When the charging of the storage battery 12 is completed, the pseudo current control switch 53 is turned off, so that part of the electric power supplied from the power conditioner 120 to the pseudo output system 150 during the self-sustained operation becomes a current as a pseudo current.
- the sensor 40 is not supplied.
- neither the forward power flow nor the pseudo current from the system is detected by the current sensor 40, and the power generation device 33 stops power generation. Therefore, no more current than necessary is output to the storage battery 12.
- the pseudo current control switch 53 stops the pseudo current when the charging of the storage battery 12 is completed, so that it is possible to prevent the power generation apparatus 33 from generating more power than necessary.
- each member, each means, each step, etc. can be rearranged so as not to be logically contradictory, and a plurality of means, steps, etc. can be combined into one or divided. Is possible.
- Computer systems and other hardware include, for example, general-purpose computers, PCs (personal computers), dedicated computers, workstations, PCS (Personal Communications System, personal mobile communication systems), RFID receivers, electronic notepads, laptop computers, A GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver or other programmable data processing device is included.
- the various operations are performed by dedicated circuitry implemented with program instructions (software) (e.g., individual logic gates interconnected to perform a specific function) or one or more processors.
- program is executed by a logic block, a program module, or the like.
- processors that execute logic blocks, program modules, etc.
- microprocessors include, for example, one or more microprocessors, CPU (Central Processing Unit), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), DSP (Digital Signal Processor), PLD (Programmable Logic Device), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), processor, controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, electronic device, other devices designed to perform the functions described herein, and / or any combination thereof Is included.
- the embodiment shown here is implemented by, for example, hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof.
- the instructions may be program code or code segments for performing necessary tasks.
- the instructions can then be stored on a machine-readable non-transitory storage medium or other medium.
- a code segment may represent any combination of procedures, functions, subprograms, programs, routines, subroutines, modules, software packages, classes or instructions, data structures or program statements.
- a code segment transmits and / or receives information, data arguments, variables or stored contents with other code segments or hardware circuits, thereby connecting the code segments with other code segments or hardware circuits .
- the network used here is the Internet, ad hoc network, LAN (Local Area Network), cellular network, WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network), or other network, or any combination thereof.
- the components of the wireless network include, for example, an access point (for example, Wi-Fi access point), a femto cell, and the like.
- the wireless communication device includes Wi-Fi, Bluetooth (registered trademark), cellular communication technology (for example, CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access), OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Frequency). It is possible to connect to a wireless network using Division (Multiple Access), SC-FDMA (Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) or other wireless technologies and / or technical standards.
- the machine-readable non-transitory storage medium used herein can be further configured as a computer readable tangible carrier (medium) comprised of solid state memory, magnetic disk and optical disk categories, and so on.
- the medium stores an appropriate set of computer instructions such as a program module for causing a processor to execute the technology disclosed herein, and a data structure.
- Computer readable media include electrical connections with one or more wires, magnetic disk storage media, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, and other magnetic and optical storage devices (eg, CD (Compact Disk), laser disks ( (Registered trademark), DVD (registered trademark) (Digital Versatile Disc), floppy (registered trademark) disk and Blu-ray disc (registered trademark)), portable computer disk, RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read-Only Memory), It includes a rewritable and programmable ROM such as EPROM, EEPROM or flash memory or other tangible storage medium capable of storing information or any combination thereof.
- the memory can be provided inside and / or outside the processor / processing unit.
- the term “memory” means any type of long-term storage, short-term storage, volatile, non-volatile, or other memory in which a particular type or number of memories or storage is stored. The type of medium is not limited.
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2013年12月2日に出願された日本国特許出願第2013-249687号に基づく優先権を主張するものであり、これらの特許出願の明細書全体を参照によって本願明細書に引用する。
電流センサが順潮流を検出する間に発電を行う発電装置を有する電力制御システムであって、
前記発電装置と他の分散電源とを系統から解列した状態で、前記他の分散電源からの電力を出力可能な出力部を有する電力制御装置と、
前記出力部及び前記発電装置の少なくとも一方からの出力により、前記電流センサによって順潮流と同方向の電流として検出可能な擬似電流を供給可能な擬似出力系とを備え、
前記発電装置と前記他の分散電源との間に配され、連系運転時にオフになり、前記分散電源による自立運転時にオンになる自立運転スイッチと、
前記自立運転スイッチと同期し、前記自立運転スイッチがオンにされている時に前記擬似電流を流す同期スイッチとをさらに有することを特徴とする。
前記擬似電流を供給する擬似出力系は少なくとも2値の擬似電流を選択して供給可能に構成され、
前記蓄電池が満充電の場合は、前記少なくとも2値の擬似電流のうち、小さい電流値が選択されることが好ましい。
前記少なくとも2値の擬似電流のうち、大きい電流値i1[A]は、前記発電装置の特性によって特定される所定値X[W]との間で、i1>X/(n・Vg)(Vgは発電装置からの出力電圧[V])の関係を満たし、小さい電流値i2[A]は、前記所定値X[W]との間で、i2<X/(n・Vg)の関係を満たすことが好ましい。
前記少なくとも2値の擬似電流は3値の擬似電流を有し、
前記3値の擬似電流のうち、最も大きい電流値i3[A]は、前記発電装置の発電開始電流値によって特定される所定値Y[W]との間で、i3>Y/(n・Vg)(Vgは発電装置からの出力電圧[V])の関係を満たし、2番目に大きい電流値i1[A]は、前記発電装置の特性によって特定される所定値X[W]及び前記所定値Y[W]との間で、i1>X/(n・Vg)且つi1<Y/(n・Vg)の関係を満たし、最も小さい電流値i2[A]は、前記所定値X[W]との間で、i2<X/(n・Vg)の関係を満たすことが好ましい。
電流センサが順潮流を検出する間に発電を行う発電装置と他の分散電源とを有する電力制御システムで用いられる電力制御装置であって、
前記発電装置と前記他の分散電源とを系統から解列した状態で、前記他の分散電源からの電力を出力可能な出力部を備え、
前記出力部及び前記発電装置の少なくとも一方からの出力により、前記電流センサに対して順潮流と同方向の電流である擬似電流を供給可能であり、
連系運転時にオフになり、前記分散電源による自立運転時にオンになる自立運転スイッチを備え、当該自立運転スイッチは、前記発電装置と前記他の分散電源との間に配され、
前記自立運転スイッチと同期して、前記自立運転スイッチがオンにされている時に擬似電流を流すための制御を行う制御部を有することを特徴とする。
電流センサが順潮流を検出する間に発電を行う発電装置と他の分散電源とを有する電力制御システムの制御方法であって、
前記発電装置と前記他の分散電源とを系統から解列した状態で、前記他の分散電源からの電力を出力するステップと、
前記発電装置及び前記他の分散電源の少なくとも一方からの出力により、前記電流センサに対して順潮流と同方向の電流である擬似電流を供給するステップと、
前記発電装置と前記他の分散電源との間に配された自立運転スイッチを、連系運転時にオフにするステップと、
前記自立運転スイッチを自立運転時にオンにするステップと、
前記自立運転スイッチがオンにされている時に、擬似電流を流すための同期スイッチをオンにするステップとを含むことを特徴とする。
まず、本発明の第1の実施形態に係る電力制御システムについて説明する。本実施形態に係る電力制御システムは、系統(商用電源系統)から供給される電力の他に、売電可能な電力を供給する分散電源及び/又は売電不可能な電力を供給する分散電源を備える。売電可能な電力を供給する分散電源は、例えば太陽光発電などによって電力を供給するシステムである。一方、売電不可能な電力を供給する分散電源は、例えば電力を充放電することができる蓄電池システム、SOFC(Solid Oxide Fuel Cell)などの燃料電池を含む燃料電池システム、及びガス燃料により発電するガス発電システムなどである。本実施の形態においては、売電可能な電力を供給する分散電源としての太陽電池及び売電不可能な電力を供給する分散電源としての蓄電池と、燃料電池又はガス発電機である発電装置とを備える例を示す。
I2=20/200/10=0.01[A] 式(2)
R2=100/0.01=1.0×104[Ω] 式(4)
本発明第2の実施の形態は、発電装置33が、上述の制御目標値(35W:所定値X)よりも大きい、例えば200W(所定値Y)以上で初めて発電を開始するような場合を想定する。すなわち、発電装置33として燃料電池を想定した場合は、燃料電池は低出力時は発電効率が低いため、発電を開始する閾値を200W程度まで引き上げるということが行われる。このような場合には、図1,2,3-7において、擬似電流負荷と擬似電流制御スイッチの直列接続をもう1組追加し、第3の擬似電流値を設けることによって対応することができる。
図8は、他の実施形態に係る電力制御システムの概略構成を示すブロック図である。他の実施形態に係る電力制御システムは、太陽電池11と、蓄電池12と、パワーコンディショナ120(電力制御装置)と、分電盤31と、負荷32と、発電装置33と、電流センサ40と、擬似出力系150とを備える。この実施形態は、図1に示す実施形態と比較すると、電流センサ40が連系運転スイッチ23と分電盤31の間に配置されている点、並びに第2の擬似電流負荷54及び第2の擬似電流制御スイッチ55が用いられない点のみが異なるため、以下の説明において図1との共通部分の説明は省略する。
12 蓄電池
20,120 パワーコンディショナ(電力制御装置)
21 インバータ
22、23 連系運転スイッチ
24 自立運転スイッチ
25 制御部
26 出力部
31 分電盤
32 負荷
33 発電装置
40 電流センサ
50、150 擬似出力系
51 (第1の)擬似電流負荷
52 同期スイッチ
53 (第1の)擬似電流制御スイッチ
54 第2の擬似電流負荷
55 第2の擬似電流制御スイッチ
60 系統電力線
61 擬似出力配線
Claims (9)
- 電流センサが順潮流を検出する間に発電を行う発電装置を有する電力制御システムであって、
前記発電装置と他の分散電源とを系統から解列した状態で、前記他の分散電源からの電力を出力可能な出力部を有する電力制御装置と、
前記出力部及び前記発電装置の少なくとも一方からの出力により、前記電流センサによって順潮流と同方向の電流として検出可能な擬似電流を供給可能な擬似出力系とを備え、
前記発電装置と前記他の分散電源との間に配され、連系運転時にオフになり、前記分散電源による自立運転時にオンになる自立運転スイッチと、
前記自立運転スイッチと同期し、前記自立運転スイッチがオンにされている時に前記擬似電流を流す同期スイッチとをさらに有することを特徴とする電力制御システム。 - 前記分散電源は、蓄電池を含み、
前記擬似電流を供給する擬似出力系は少なくとも2値の擬似電流を選択して供給可能に構成され、
前記蓄電池が満充電の場合は、前記少なくとも2値の擬似電流のうち、小さい電流値が選択されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電力制御システム。 - 前記少なくとも2値の擬似電流のうち、
大きい電流値i1[A]は、前記発電装置の特性によって特定される所定値X[W]との間で、i1>X/(Vg)(Vgは発電装置からの出力電圧[V])の関係を満たし、
小さい電流値i2[A]は、前記所定値X[W]との間で、i2<X/(Vg)の関係を満たす、請求項2に記載の電力制御システム。 - 前記電流センサに対する前記擬似電流の供給は、前記擬似出力系における前記擬似電流が供給される配線を前記電流センサに対して所定巻数n[回]巻回することにより行われ、
前記少なくとも2値の擬似電流のうち、大きい電流値i1[A]は、前記発電装置の特性によって特定される所定値X[W]との間で、i1>X/(n・Vg)(Vgは発電装置からの出力電圧[V])の関係を満たし、
小さい電流値i2[A]は、前記所定値X[W]との間で、i2<X/(n・Vg)の関係を満たす、請求項2に記載の電力制御システム。 - 前記擬似出力系は、抵抗とスイッチとの直列接続の組合せを2つ以上並列接続してなる、請求項2から4のいずれか一項に記載の電力制御システム。
- 前記少なくとも2値の擬似電流は3値の擬似電流を有し、
前記3値の擬似電流のうち、
最も大きい電流値i3[A]は、前記発電装置の発電開始電流値によって特定される所定値Y[W]との間で、i3>Y/(Vg)(Vgは発電装置からの出力電圧[V])の関係を満たし、
2番目に大きい電流値i1[A]は、前記発電装置の特性によって特定される所定値X[W]及び前記所定値Y[W]との間で、i1>X/(Vg)且つi1<Y/(Vg)の関係を満たし、
最も小さい電流値i2[A]は、前記所定値X[W]との間で、i2<X/(Vg)の関係を満たす、請求項2に記載の電力制御システム。 - 前記電流センサに対する前記擬似電流の供給は、前記擬似出力系における前記擬似電流が供給される配線を前記電流センサに対して所定巻数n[回]巻回することにより行われ、
前記少なくとも2値の擬似電流は3値の擬似電流を有し、
前記3値の擬似電流のうち、
最も大きい電流値i3[A]は、前記発電装置の発電開始電流値によって特定される所定値Y[W]との間で、i3>Y/(n・Vg)(Vgは発電装置からの出力電圧[V])の関係を満たし、
2番目に大きい電流値i1[A]は、前記発電装置の特性によって特定される所定値X[W]及び前記所定値Y[W]との間で、i1>X/(n・Vg)且つi1<Y/(n・Vg)の関係を満たし、
最も小さい電流値i2[A]は、前記所定値X[W]との間で、i2<X/(n・Vg)の関係を満たす、請求項6に記載の電力制御システム。 - 電流センサが順潮流を検出する間に発電を行う発電装置と他の分散電源とを有する電力制御システムで用いられる電力制御装置であって、
前記発電装置と前記他の分散電源とを系統から解列した状態で、前記他の分散電源からの電力を出力可能な出力部を備え、
前記出力部及び前記発電装置の少なくとも一方からの出力により、前記電流センサに対して順潮流と同方向の電流である擬似電流を供給可能であり、
連系運転時にオフになり、前記分散電源による自立運転時にオンになる自立運転スイッチを備え、当該自立運転スイッチは、前記発電装置と前記他の分散電源との間に配され、
前記自立運転スイッチと同期して、前記自立運転スイッチがオンにされている時に擬似電流を流すための制御を行う制御部を有することを特徴とする電力制御装置。 - 電流センサが順潮流を検出する間に発電を行う発電装置と他の分散電源とを有する電力制御システムの制御方法であって、
前記発電装置と前記他の分散電源とを系統から解列した状態で、前記他の分散電源からの電力を出力するステップと、
前記発電装置及び前記他の分散電源の少なくとも一方からの出力により、前記電流センサに対して順潮流と同方向の電流である擬似電流を供給するステップと、
前記発電装置と前記他の分散電源との間に配された自立運転スイッチを、連系運転時にオフにするステップと、
前記自立運転スイッチを自立運転時にオンにするステップと、
前記自立運転スイッチがオンにされている時に、擬似電流を流すための同期スイッチをオンにするステップと、を含むことを特徴とする制御方法。
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