WO2015080258A1 - Led drive circuit - Google Patents

Led drive circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015080258A1
WO2015080258A1 PCT/JP2014/081600 JP2014081600W WO2015080258A1 WO 2015080258 A1 WO2015080258 A1 WO 2015080258A1 JP 2014081600 W JP2014081600 W JP 2014081600W WO 2015080258 A1 WO2015080258 A1 WO 2015080258A1
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Prior art keywords
transistor
current
led
base
transistors
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PCT/JP2014/081600
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
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洋治 椋田
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株式会社ステラージアLed
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Priority to JP2015551018A priority Critical patent/JPWO2015080258A1/en
Publication of WO2015080258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015080258A1/en

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/40Details of LED load circuits
    • H05B45/44Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix
    • H05B45/48Details of LED load circuits with an active control inside an LED matrix having LEDs organised in strings and incorporating parallel shunting devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to an LED driving technique for driving an LED array, and more specifically to an LED driving technique for suppressing flicker (flicker).
  • LED lighting using light-emitting diodes is characterized by long life and low power consumption compared to conventional lighting fixtures such as fluorescent lamps and incandescent bulbs. It is expected as a lighting equipment.
  • problems related to reduction of noise radiated as radio waves hereinafter referred to as “noise”
  • harmonics flowing to AC input hereinafter referred to as “harmonics”
  • cost are pointed out.
  • a complex LED peripheral circuit including a power source is required in order that many LED lighting devices currently convert alternating current to direct current and are internally driven by direct current. It is done.
  • a full-wave rectifier DB for full-wave rectifying the commercial AC power supply Vs, a first capacitor C1 connected in parallel to the output terminal of the full-wave rectifier DB, and an input terminal in parallel with the first capacitor C1.
  • a switching power supply circuit unit 1 to be connected; an LED light emitting unit 2 connected to an output end of the switching power supply circuit unit 1; and a second capacitor C2 connected in parallel to the LED light emitting unit 2;
  • the capacitance of C1 is less than 1 ⁇ F
  • the second capacitor C2 is set to a capacitance at which the ripple rate of the current flowing through the LED light emitting unit 2 is less than 1 (Patent Document 1).
  • Patent Document 2 discloses an LED drive circuit that drives an LED unit having a plurality of LEDs connected in series, and includes a rectifier that rectifies an AC input, an operational amplifier, and a voltage dividing resistor connected to the output stage of the operational amplifier.
  • a constant current circuit having a plurality of driving transistors connected to each other, one end on the output side of the rectifier connected to the input side of the LED unit, and one end on the output side of the plurality of transistors, respectively, in the LED unit
  • an LED drive circuit characterized in that a plurality of transistors are selectively driven according to an AC input voltage by connecting to connection points having different numbers of LED stages.
  • JP 2009-134945 A Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-131601
  • an object of the present invention is to provide an LED drive circuit that further suppresses the generation of flicker and harmonics and realizes low power consumption while being configured to be directly driven by an AC input.
  • an LED drive circuit drives an LED unit having a plurality of LEDs connected in series.
  • the LED driving circuit includes a rectifier that rectifies an AC input, an operational amplifier, a plurality of driving transistors connected to an output stage of the operational amplifier, and a current detection provided on each current path of the plurality of driving transistors. And a constant current circuit configured to supply a control signal corresponding to the output of the operational amplifier to each control terminal of the plurality of driving transistors.
  • An output of the rectifier is connected to one end of the LED unit, a first terminal of each of the plurality of driving transistors is connected to a connection point of a different number of LED stages in the LED unit, and each of the plurality of resistors is connected to the first of the corresponding driving transistor. Connected to two terminals.
  • a plurality of driving transistors sequentially generate a constant current according to the AC input voltage to selectively drive the LED unit, and the current flowing through the selectively driven LED unit varies according to the AC input voltage. Configured to do.
  • an LED drive circuit that further suppresses the occurrence of flicker and realizes low power consumption while being configured to be directly driven by an AC input.
  • FIG. 1 shows a configuration of an LED drive circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the LED drive circuit 10 includes a full-wave rectifier FR1, and an AC input from one output terminal (+ side) of the full-wave rectifier FR1 is one end on the input side of the LED array 15. (In the illustrated case, the anode side).
  • a capacitor C is connected to the output side of the full-wave rectifier FR1.
  • the capacitor C is mainly intended to bypass a high frequency component and may be omitted.
  • LED drive circuit 10 includes an operational amplifier OP1, a transistor TR1 ⁇ TR3, and resistor R 10, the emitter resistors R 21, R 22 and R 23, has, as shown in FIG. 1, these Constitutes a constant current driving circuit for driving the LED array 15 at a constant current.
  • a feedback circuit is formed from each emitter of the constant current driving transistors TR1 to TR3 through the resistors R 11 , R 12 and R 13 to the input terminal ( ⁇ side) of the operational amplifier OP1.
  • the reference voltage V ref is applied to the other input terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP1.
  • the LED drive circuit 10 includes a plurality of transistors for driving the LED array 15.
  • the LED array 15 of the LED drive circuit 10 has a total of eight LEDs D1 to D8 connected in series, and the output side (in the illustrated case, the cathode side) of the LED array 15 is connected to the collector of the transistor TR3. It is connected.
  • a collector terminal of a transistor is also referred to as a “first terminal”.
  • the output from D2 of the LED string 15 is connected to the collector of the transistor TR1, and the output from D5 of the LED string 15 is connected to the collector of the transistor TR2.
  • the collector of the transistor TR 1 is connected to the second connection point A of the LED string 15, and the collector of the transistor TR 2 is connected to the fifth connection point B of the LED string 15.
  • the output of the operational amplifier OP1 is voltage dividing resistors R 1, divided by R 2, R 3, by these dividing resistors R 1 ⁇ voltage divided by R 3, the transistors TR1 ⁇ for constant current drive TR3 is driven. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the output voltage of the operational amplifier OP1, via a base resistor R 33 is applied to the base of the transistor TR3, the voltage across resistor R 1 and R 2, the base resistance R 32 through is applied to the base of the transistor TR2, the voltage across the resistor R 2 and R 3, as applied through the base resistor R 31 to the base of the transistor TR1, is connected.
  • the LED drive circuit 10 has resistors R 21 , R 22 , and R 23 as current detectors. That, is connected to one end of a resistor R 11 and R 21 to the emitter of transistor TR1, one end of the emitter resistor R 12 and R 22 of the transistor TR2 is connected, one end of the emitter of the transistor TR3 resistor R 13 and R 23 is Connected. The other ends of these resistors R 11 to R 13 are connected to the input terminal ( ⁇ side) of the operational amplifier OP1. Thus, the resistance R 21, R 22, R 23 functions as a current detector. Note that in this specification, the emitter terminal of a transistor is also referred to as a “second terminal”. The other ends of the resistors R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are connected to the ground connection, that is, to the other output terminal ( ⁇ side) of the full-wave rectifier FR1. Resistors R 3 and resistor R 10 is also similarly grounded.
  • the LED drive circuit 10 includes a resistor constituting a negative feedback circuit and a current detecting resistor, that is, resistors R 11 to R 13 or R 11 to R 1n (described later in FIG. 7), resistors R 21 to R 23 or Resistors R 21 to R 2n (described later in FIG. 7) are independently connected to the emitters of the corresponding transistors.
  • resistors R 11 to R 13 or R 11 to R 1n resistors R 21 to R 23 or Resistors R 21 to R 2n (described later in FIG. 7) are independently connected to the emitters of the corresponding transistors.
  • a constant current circuit is formed by a negative feedback circuit composed of an operational amplifier OP1, a resistor R 1 , a resistor R 2 , a resistor R 31 , a transistor TR1, a resistor R 21 , a resistor R 10 and R 11 , and the LED array 15 is driven. It is. As a result, the transistor TR1 drives the LEDs for two stages D1 to D2.
  • the transistors TR1 to TR3 operate in the reverse order of the state transition described above. That is, when the AC input Vin rises from zero and eventually reaches a constant voltage, the two-stage LEDs (D1, D2) are driven by the transistor TR1. When the AC input Vin further rises, the LEDs (D1 to D5) for five stages are driven by the transistor TR2. When the AC input Vin further increases, the LEDs (D1 to D8) of all stages are driven by the transistor TR3. In this way, the above-described operation is repeated according to the fluctuation cycle of the voltage of the AC input Vin (if it is 50 Hz, the cycle is 100 times per second).
  • the LED drive circuit 10 showing the second characteristic has the following characteristics as parameter characteristics of each element.
  • the characteristics of the transistors TR1, TR2, and TR3 in FIG. 1 are substantially the same.
  • the current flowing through the resistor R 3 and I 0, the base current of the transistor TR1 I B1, the base current of the transistor TR2 I B2, the base current of the transistor TR3 and I B3.
  • Expression (1-1) indicates a state in which the transistor TR1 is operating. Although the transistors TR2 and TR3 are configured to allow current to flow as circuits, the voltage value of the AC input voltage Vin is too low, so that the current through the LED strings TR2 and D1-D5 and the LEDs of TR3 and D1-D8 No current flows through the line. Emitter current I 1 is constant.
  • Expression (1-2) shows a state in which the transistor TR2 is operating. Since the base voltage is low, the transistor TR1 is in an off state in terms of circuit. Although the transistor TR3 is configured to allow current to flow as a circuit, since the voltage value of the AC input voltage Vin is too low, no current flows through TR3 and D1-D8. Emitter current I 2 is constant. Dividing resistor R 2, as the difference between the emitter potential R 22 ⁇ I 2 for R 2 ⁇ I 0 and the transistor TR2 is around or more values of the difference [Delta] V BE2 of the base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR2 Is set.
  • ⁇ V BE2 is a difference in base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR2 when the transistor TR2 is turned off from the on state (in this embodiment, 200 mV).
  • the reference value of 200mV was used as an example, the base-emitter voltage V BE2-OFF when the OFF state from the base-emitter voltage V BE2-ON when the transistor TR2 is turned on The value is subtracted and appropriately corrected depending on conditions such as the characteristics of the element used and the operating temperature.
  • the reference value of 200mV was used as an example, the base-emitter voltage V BE3-OFF when the OFF state from the base-emitter voltage V BE3-ON when the transistor TR3 is turned on
  • the value is subtracted and appropriately corrected depending on conditions such as the characteristics of the element used and the operating temperature.
  • the transistors TR1 to TR3 operate as follows.
  • A When the transistor TR3 operates, all the LEDs D1 to D8 are turned on.
  • B When the transistor TR2 operates, the LEDs D1 to D5 are turned on, and the LEDs D6 to D8 are turned off. Also, if than the resistance R 23 to increase the value of R 22, the current value at which the transistor TR2 is driven than when the operation of the transistor TR3 is reduced.
  • C When the transistor TR1 operates, the LEDs D1 to D2 are turned on, and the LEDs D3 to D8 are turned off.
  • the current value driven by the transistor TR 1 is smaller than that during the operation of the transistor TR 2. That is, the transistors TR1 to TR3 function as constant current circuits that drive different current values, and the drive circuit 10 sequentially generates constant currents having different current values when the operating transistors are switched. This makes it possible to make the current waveform flowing in the LED, that is, the current waveform of the AC input closer to a sine wave, or any other desired waveform without adding an electronic circuit. Means that.
  • FIG. 2 shows voltage and current fluctuations of the LED drive circuit according to one embodiment, and shows how the pulsating voltage waveform fluctuates with time.
  • the number of LED stages to be lit changes with the fluctuation of the pulsating voltage waveform, and the current value for lighting each LED stage number varies. For example, if the current intensity when the LED is 4 stages is 8, the current intensity when the LED is 6 stages is 10, the current intensity is 12 when the LED is 8 stages, and the current intensity is when the LED is 10 stages.
  • the current fluctuates as 14.
  • the power factor during LED driving can be increased as compared with the case where a conventional LED driving circuit is used, and the LED can be lit with high brightness and low power consumption.
  • a control circuit AC control circuit
  • FIG. 3 to 6 show comparative examples of the current waveform controlled by the LED driving circuit according to the present invention and the current waveform controlled by the conventional LED driving circuit.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a current waveform controlled by an LED driving circuit that rectifies alternating current and lights it with a pulsating flow according to a conventional technique.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a current waveform controlled by the LED driving circuit according to the present invention.
  • 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams showing a current waveform flowing in the LED and an AC input current waveform when the LED is turned on using a switching power supply that is widely used at present.
  • the switching type power supply is used for the purpose of solving the problems such as flicker and luminance when the LED is lit, and rectifies the AC input into a pulsating current, smoothes the pulsating current and converts it into a necessary DC voltage.
  • the AC input current waveform is as shown in FIG. 5 when the capacity of the capacitor used for smoothing the pulsating current is large, and as shown in FIG. 6 when the capacity of the capacitor used for smoothing the pulsating current is small. Become.
  • the conventional current waveform has characteristics that the current change is rapid, the lighting time is short, and flicker is likely to occur.
  • the current waveform controlled by the LED drive circuit according to the present invention has a long lighting time as shown in FIG. This is in contrast to a current waveform having a high peak value and a large amount of harmonics, as shown in FIGS. Therefore, according to the LED driving circuit of the present invention, it is easy to understand that a current waveform having a characteristic capable of reducing flicker can be obtained and a current waveform close to a sine wave can be obtained without using a circuit such as a filter. Will.
  • the LED drive circuit 10 can drive the LED array 15 with fewer LED stages than the LED array 15 even when the AC input drops to a voltage that cannot drive the entire LED array. That is, according to the LED drive circuit 10, even when the LED array is driven by AC input, the period during which the LED array is turned off can be shortened as much as possible, so that LED flicker can be controlled and reduced. Is possible. Furthermore, since the electric current which flows into LED can be controlled appropriately according to the value of alternating current input voltage, the power factor which drives LED can be raised, and the brightness
  • the number of LEDs in the LED array 15 of the LED drive circuit 10 shown in FIG. 1 is eight for convenience of explanation, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of LEDs in accordance with the AC input is not limited to this.
  • the number of stages can be designed as appropriate. For example, when the AC input is 100V, the number of LED rows can be about 40, and when the AC input is 200V, the number of LED rows can be about 80.
  • the LED drive circuit 10 of FIG. 1 is configured to drive one LED row, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a circuit configuration for driving a plurality of LED rows can also be realized. Is possible.
  • FIG. 7 shows a configuration of an LED drive circuit 40 for switching and driving an LED array composed of m LEDs connected in series with each other in n stages according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the plurality of drive transistors are composed of n transistors TR1, TR2,..., TRn, the characteristics of the transistors TR1, TR2,.
  • the voltage dividing resistors are R 1 , R 2 ,..., R (n ⁇ 1) , R n, and the resistors as current detectors are R 21 , R 22 ,.
  • the base-emitter voltage of each transistor from the transistor TR1 to the transistor TRn is V BEi (where i is a natural number from 1 to n), and the base resistance is R 31 , R 32 ,..., R 3n .
  • Negative feedback circuit and an operational amplifier OP1 and the transistor TR1 ⁇ TRn is formed, resistance R 10, the resistor R 21 as a current resistor described above, R 22, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , resistors is connected to one end of the R 2n R 11 , R 12 ,..., R1n.
  • ⁇ V BEi is a difference between the base-emitter voltage of the transistor TRi when the transistor TRi changes from the on state to the off state.
  • the negative feedback amplifier circuit constituting the LED drive circuit has been described as using a positive phase amplifier circuit.
  • an inverting amplifier circuit may be used as the negative feedback amplifier circuit, or a differential feedback amplifier circuit may be used. Even if an amplifier circuit is used, the same effect can be obtained.
  • a different voltage is applied to the control terminal (base or gate) of each transistor using a voltage dividing resistor.
  • a control signal corresponding to the output voltage of the operational amplifier may be supplied to each control terminal of the driving transistor by a configuration different from the voltage dividing resistor.
  • the voltage applied to the control terminal of each transistor may be controlled using a level shifter that utilizes the forward drop voltage of the diode or the base-emitter voltage of the transistor.
  • a control signal to each transistor may be adjusted by combining a voltage dividing resistor and a level shifter.

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Abstract

An LED drive circuit is provided with: a rectifier (FR1) for rectifying an alternating-current input; and a constant current circuit having an operational amplifier (OP1), multiple drive transistors (TR1, TR2, TR3) connected to the output stage of the operational amplifier (OP1), and multiple resistors (R21, R22, R23) which are disposed on the current path of the respective drive transistors and which function as current detectors. The output of the rectifier is connected to one end of an LED unit (15), the first terminals of the drive transistors are connected to the connection points on the LED unit (15) at different LED stage numbers, and the resistors (R21, R22, R23) functioning as current detectors are connected to the second terminal of the respective drive transistor (TR1, TR2, TR3). The LED unit (15) is selectively driven as a consequence of the drive transistors operating in accordance with the voltage at the alternating-current input, and the current that flows through the selectively-driven LED unit (15) changes in accordance with the voltage from the alternating-current input.

Description

LED駆動回路LED drive circuit
 本発明は、広くLED列を駆動するためのLED駆動技術に関し、より具体的には、フリッカ(ちらつき)を抑制するLED駆動技術に関する。 The present invention relates generally to an LED driving technique for driving an LED array, and more specifically to an LED driving technique for suppressing flicker (flicker).
 発光ダイオード(LED)を使用したLED照明は、蛍光灯や白熱電球といった従来の照明器具に比べ、長寿命かつ低消費電力であるという特徴を有しており、環境への配慮に優れた次世代の照明機器として期待されている。しかしながら、本願の出願時点において、電波として放射される雑音(以下、「雑音」という。)や交流入力に流れる高調波(以下、「高調波」という。)の低減や、コストに関する課題が指摘されている。これらの課題は、現在多くのLED照明装置が交流を直流に一旦変換し、内部的には直流にて駆動させるために、電源を含む複雑なLED周辺回路が必要となる点が一因として挙げられる。 LED lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is characterized by long life and low power consumption compared to conventional lighting fixtures such as fluorescent lamps and incandescent bulbs. It is expected as a lighting equipment. However, at the time of filing of the present application, problems related to reduction of noise radiated as radio waves (hereinafter referred to as “noise”) and harmonics flowing to AC input (hereinafter referred to as “harmonics”) and cost are pointed out. ing. One of the reasons for these problems is that a complex LED peripheral circuit including a power source is required in order that many LED lighting devices currently convert alternating current to direct current and are internally driven by direct current. It is done.
 例えば、特許文献1には、従来のLED駆動技術が開示されており、入力電流の高調波部分を低減させながら、直流平滑電圧で点灯させた場合と同等の光出力が得られるLED点灯装置が開示されている。 For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a conventional LED driving technology, and an LED lighting device that can obtain a light output equivalent to that when lighting with a DC smoothing voltage while reducing the harmonic portion of the input current. It is disclosed.
 より具体的には、商用交流電源Vsを全波整流する全波整流器DBと、全波整流器DBの出力端に並列接続される第一のコンデンサC1と、第一のコンデンサC1に入力端を並列接続されるスイッチング電源回路部1と、スイッチング電源回路部1の出力端に接続されるLED発光部2と、LED発光部2に並列接続される第二のコンデンサC2とを備え、第一のコンデンサC1の容量が1μF未満であり、第二のコンデンサC2はLED発光部2に流れる電流のリプル率が1未満になる容量に設定したものである(特許文献1)。 More specifically, a full-wave rectifier DB for full-wave rectifying the commercial AC power supply Vs, a first capacitor C1 connected in parallel to the output terminal of the full-wave rectifier DB, and an input terminal in parallel with the first capacitor C1. A switching power supply circuit unit 1 to be connected; an LED light emitting unit 2 connected to an output end of the switching power supply circuit unit 1; and a second capacitor C2 connected in parallel to the LED light emitting unit 2; The capacitance of C1 is less than 1 μF, and the second capacitor C2 is set to a capacitance at which the ripple rate of the current flowing through the LED light emitting unit 2 is less than 1 (Patent Document 1).
 一方で、発明者は、こうした回路の複雑さに起因するコストの問題を解決すべく、またフリッカ発生の問題を解決すべく、AC入力で直接駆動できるような構成でありながらもフリッカの発生が抑制されるように構成されたLED駆動回路を提供した(特許文献2)。 On the other hand, the inventor has the configuration that can be directly driven by an AC input in order to solve the problem of cost caused by the complexity of the circuit and the problem of occurrence of flicker, but the occurrence of flicker is generated. The LED drive circuit comprised so that it might be suppressed was provided (patent document 2).
 すなわち、特許文献2には、直列接続された複数のLEDを有するLEDユニットを駆動するLED駆動回路であって、交流入力を整流する整流器と、オペアンプと該オペアンプの出力段に分圧抵抗を介して接続された複数の駆動用トランジスタとを有する定電流回路と、を備え、整流器の出力側の一端をLEDユニットの入力側に接続し、複数のトランジスタの出力側の一端をそれぞれ、LEDユニットにおける異なるLED段数の接続ポイントに接続することにより、交流入力の電圧に応じて複数のトランジスタが選択的にLEDユニットを駆動するように構成したこと、を特徴とするLED駆動回路が開示されている。 That is, Patent Document 2 discloses an LED drive circuit that drives an LED unit having a plurality of LEDs connected in series, and includes a rectifier that rectifies an AC input, an operational amplifier, and a voltage dividing resistor connected to the output stage of the operational amplifier. A constant current circuit having a plurality of driving transistors connected to each other, one end on the output side of the rectifier connected to the input side of the LED unit, and one end on the output side of the plurality of transistors, respectively, in the LED unit There is disclosed an LED drive circuit characterized in that a plurality of transistors are selectively driven according to an AC input voltage by connecting to connection points having different numbers of LED stages.
特開2009-134945号公報JP 2009-134945 A 特願2011-131601号明細書Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-131601
 しかしながら、発明者によって提供されたLED駆動回路(特許文献2)においても、AC入力で直接駆動できるような回路構成を採用していることから、50HzのAC入力電圧であれば、毎秒100回にも及ぶ電圧の増減が生じる。普及の促進を考慮した結果、このような電圧の増減に対してよりきめ細やかに電流も追従可能となる、改善されたLED駆動回路が望まれる。
 また、特に多段のLED列を駆動する場合には、AC入力電圧の変動によりLED列が点灯しない期間が多く生じ、フリッカを感じやすくなりうる。そこで、点灯しない期間が多く生じることにより発生しうる、人の眼で感知可能なフリッカをさらに抑制できる駆動方式が求められる。
However, the LED drive circuit (Patent Document 2) provided by the inventor also employs a circuit configuration that can be directly driven by an AC input. Therefore, an AC input voltage of 50 Hz is 100 times per second. Voltage increases and decreases. As a result of considering the promotion of the spread, an improved LED driving circuit is desired which can follow the current more finely with respect to the increase and decrease of the voltage.
In particular, when driving a multi-stage LED array, there are many periods in which the LED array is not lit due to fluctuations in the AC input voltage, and flicker can be easily felt. Therefore, there is a need for a driving method that can further suppress flicker that can be detected by the human eye, which can occur due to many non-lighting periods.
 本発明は、以上の点に鑑み、AC入力で直接駆動できるような構成でありながらもフリッカや高調波の発生を更に抑制し、かつ低消費電力を実現するLED駆動回路を提供することを目的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an LED drive circuit that further suppresses the generation of flicker and harmonics and realizes low power consumption while being configured to be directly driven by an AC input. And
 上記課題を解決するために、本発明のある態様のLED駆動回路は、直列接続された複数のLEDを有するLEDユニットを駆動する。このLED駆動回路は、交流入力を整流する整流器と、オペアンプと、該オペアンプの出力段に接続された複数の駆動用トランジスタと、複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの電流経路上に設けられた電流検出器としての複数の抵抗とを有し、複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの制御端子にオペアンプの出力に応じた制御信号が供給されるように構成される定電流回路と、を備える。整流器の出力がLEDユニットの一端に接続され、複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの第1端子がLEDユニットにおける異なるLED段数の接続ポイントに接続され、複数の抵抗のそれぞれが対応する駆動用トランジスタの第2端子に接続される。交流入力の電圧に応じて複数の駆動用トランジスタが順に定電流を生成してLEDユニットを選択的に駆動すると共に、選択的に駆動されるLEDユニットを流れる電流が交流入力の電圧に応じて変動するように構成される。 In order to solve the above problems, an LED drive circuit according to an aspect of the present invention drives an LED unit having a plurality of LEDs connected in series. The LED driving circuit includes a rectifier that rectifies an AC input, an operational amplifier, a plurality of driving transistors connected to an output stage of the operational amplifier, and a current detection provided on each current path of the plurality of driving transistors. And a constant current circuit configured to supply a control signal corresponding to the output of the operational amplifier to each control terminal of the plurality of driving transistors. An output of the rectifier is connected to one end of the LED unit, a first terminal of each of the plurality of driving transistors is connected to a connection point of a different number of LED stages in the LED unit, and each of the plurality of resistors is connected to the first of the corresponding driving transistor. Connected to two terminals. A plurality of driving transistors sequentially generate a constant current according to the AC input voltage to selectively drive the LED unit, and the current flowing through the selectively driven LED unit varies according to the AC input voltage. Configured to do.
 本発明の別の態様もまたLED駆動回路である。このLED駆動回路は、直列接続された複数のLEDを有するLEDユニットを駆動するLED駆動回路であって、交流入力を整流する整流器と、オペアンプと、該オペアンプの出力段に接続された複数の駆動用トランジスタと、複数の駆動用トランジスタの電流経路上に設けられた電流検出器としての複数の抵抗とを有し、複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの制御端子にオペアンプの出力に応じた制御信号が供給されるように構成される定電流回路と、を備える。整流器の出力がLEDユニットの一端に接続され、複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの第1端子がLEDユニットにおける異なるLED段数の接続ポイントに接続される。複数の駆動用トランジスタおよび複数の抵抗は複数のグループに分割され、各グループにおいて、該グループに属する複数の抵抗は直列抵抗を形成し、該グループに属する複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの第2端子は直列抵抗が有する複数の接続点のそれぞれに接続される。交流入力の電圧に応じて複数の駆動用トランジスタが順に定電流を生成してLEDユニットを選択的に駆動すると共に、選択的に駆動されるLEDユニットを流れる電流が交流入力の電圧に応じて変動するように構成される。 Another embodiment of the present invention is also an LED driving circuit. This LED drive circuit is an LED drive circuit that drives an LED unit having a plurality of LEDs connected in series, and includes a rectifier that rectifies an AC input, an operational amplifier, and a plurality of drives connected to an output stage of the operational amplifier. And a plurality of resistors as current detectors provided on the current paths of the plurality of driving transistors, and a control signal corresponding to the output of the operational amplifier is supplied to each control terminal of the plurality of driving transistors. A constant current circuit configured to be supplied. The output of the rectifier is connected to one end of the LED unit, and the first terminals of the plurality of driving transistors are connected to connection points of different LED stages in the LED unit. The plurality of driving transistors and the plurality of resistors are divided into a plurality of groups, and in each group, the plurality of resistors belonging to the group form a series resistance, and each second terminal of the plurality of driving transistors belonging to the group Is connected to each of a plurality of connection points of the series resistor. A plurality of driving transistors sequentially generate a constant current according to the AC input voltage to selectively drive the LED unit, and the current flowing through the selectively driven LED unit varies according to the AC input voltage. Configured to do.
 本発明によれば、AC入力で直接駆動できるような構成でありながらもフリッカの発生をさらに抑制し、かつ、低消費電力を実現するLED駆動回路を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an LED drive circuit that further suppresses the occurrence of flicker and realizes low power consumption while being configured to be directly driven by an AC input.
本発明の一実施形態に係るLED駆動回路の構成を説明する回路図である。It is a circuit diagram explaining the structure of the LED drive circuit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施形態に係るLED駆動回路の電圧及び電流の変動を説明するためのグラフである。It is a graph for demonstrating the fluctuation | variation of the voltage and electric current of the LED drive circuit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. 従来技術のLED駆動回路によって制御された電流波形を説明するグラフである。It is a graph explaining the electric current waveform controlled by the LED drive circuit of a prior art. 本発明に係るLED駆動回路によって制御された電流波形を説明するグラフである。It is a graph explaining the electric current waveform controlled by the LED drive circuit which concerns on this invention. 脈流を平滑化して直流電圧に変換しLEDを点灯させる方法を用いた場合におけるLEDの電流波形と交流入力の電流波形との関係を説明するグラフである。It is a graph explaining the relationship between the current waveform of LED and the current waveform of an alternating current input when the method of smoothing a pulsating flow and converting it into a DC voltage and lighting an LED is used. 脈流を平滑化して直流電圧に変換しLEDを点灯させる方法を用いた場合におけるLEDの電流波形と交流入力の電流波形との関係を説明するグラフである。It is a graph explaining the relationship between the current waveform of LED and the current waveform of an alternating current input when the method of smoothing a pulsating flow and converting it into a DC voltage and lighting an LED is used. 本発明の他の実施形態に係るLED列をn段で切り替え駆動するためのLED駆動回路の構成を説明する回路図である。It is a circuit diagram explaining the structure of the LED drive circuit for switching and driving the LED row which concerns on other embodiment of this invention in n steps. 図7によるLED駆動回路の変形例の構成を説明する回路図である。It is a circuit diagram explaining the structure of the modification of the LED drive circuit by FIG.
 本発明によるLED駆動回路を実施するための形態について、図面を参照しながら詳述する。図1に、本発明の一実施形態に係るLED駆動回路の構成を示す。 DETAILED DESCRIPTION An embodiment for implementing an LED drive circuit according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a configuration of an LED drive circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
 図1に示すように、LED駆動回路10は、全波整流器FR1を有しており、この全波整流器FR1の一側(+側)の出力端子から交流入力がLED列15の入力側の一端(図示の場合、アノード側)に入力される。尚、全波整流器FR1の出力側には、図示の場合、コンデンサCが接続されている。このコンデンサCは、高周波成分のバイパスが主目的であり、省略されてもよい。
 また、LED駆動回路10は、オペアンプOP1と、トランジスタTR1~TR3と、抵抗R10と、エミッタ抵抗R21,R22及びR23と、を有しており、図1に示されるように、これらはLED列15を定電流駆動するための定電流駆動回路を構成する。
 さらに、LED駆動回路10においては、定電流駆動用のトランジスタTR1~TR3の各エミッタからそれぞれ抵抗R11,R12及びR13を通ってオペアンプOP1の入力端子(-側)へ至る帰還回路が構成されている。一方、オペアンプOP1の他方の入力端子(+側)には、基準電圧Vrefが印加される。
As shown in FIG. 1, the LED drive circuit 10 includes a full-wave rectifier FR1, and an AC input from one output terminal (+ side) of the full-wave rectifier FR1 is one end on the input side of the LED array 15. (In the illustrated case, the anode side). In the illustrated case, a capacitor C is connected to the output side of the full-wave rectifier FR1. The capacitor C is mainly intended to bypass a high frequency component and may be omitted.
Moreover, LED drive circuit 10 includes an operational amplifier OP1, a transistor TR1 ~ TR3, and resistor R 10, the emitter resistors R 21, R 22 and R 23, has, as shown in FIG. 1, these Constitutes a constant current driving circuit for driving the LED array 15 at a constant current.
Further, in the LED driving circuit 10, a feedback circuit is formed from each emitter of the constant current driving transistors TR1 to TR3 through the resistors R 11 , R 12 and R 13 to the input terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP1. Has been. On the other hand, the reference voltage V ref is applied to the other input terminal (+ side) of the operational amplifier OP1.
 図1に示されるように、LED駆動回路10は、LED列15を駆動するためのトランジスタを複数個有する。本実施形態では例示的にTR1~TR3の三個を有する場合を示す。LED駆動回路10のLED列15は、D1~D8まで計八個の互いに直列に接続されたLEDを有し、LED列15の出力側(図示の場合、カソード側)は、トランジスタTR3のコレクタに接続されている。なお、本明細書において、トランジスタのコレクタ端子を「第1端子」ともいう。
 他方、LED列15のD2からの出力がトランジスタTR1のコレクタに接続され、またLED列15のD5からの出力がトランジスタTR2のコレクタに接続されている。換言すると、トランジスタTR1のコレクタは、LED列15の2段目の接続ポイントAに接続されており、トランジスタTR2のコレクタは、LED列15の5段目の接続ポイントBに接続されている。
As shown in FIG. 1, the LED drive circuit 10 includes a plurality of transistors for driving the LED array 15. In the present embodiment, a case of having three TR1 to TR3 is shown as an example. The LED array 15 of the LED drive circuit 10 has a total of eight LEDs D1 to D8 connected in series, and the output side (in the illustrated case, the cathode side) of the LED array 15 is connected to the collector of the transistor TR3. It is connected. Note that in this specification, a collector terminal of a transistor is also referred to as a “first terminal”.
On the other hand, the output from D2 of the LED string 15 is connected to the collector of the transistor TR1, and the output from D5 of the LED string 15 is connected to the collector of the transistor TR2. In other words, the collector of the transistor TR 1 is connected to the second connection point A of the LED string 15, and the collector of the transistor TR 2 is connected to the fifth connection point B of the LED string 15.
 また、オペアンプOP1の出力は、分圧抵抗R,R,Rによって分圧され、これらの分圧抵抗R~Rによって分圧された電圧によって、定電流駆動用のトランジスタTR1~TR3が駆動される。具体的には、図1に示されるように、オペアンプOP1の出力電圧が、ベース抵抗R33を介してトランジスタTR3のベースに印加され、抵抗RとR間の電圧が、ベース抵抗R32を介してトランジスタTR2のベースに印加され、抵抗RとR間の電圧が、ベース抵抗R31を介してトランジスタTR1のベースに印加されるように、それぞれ接続される。 The output of the operational amplifier OP1 is voltage dividing resistors R 1, divided by R 2, R 3, by these dividing resistors R 1 ~ voltage divided by R 3, the transistors TR1 ~ for constant current drive TR3 is driven. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the output voltage of the operational amplifier OP1, via a base resistor R 33 is applied to the base of the transistor TR3, the voltage across resistor R 1 and R 2, the base resistance R 32 through is applied to the base of the transistor TR2, the voltage across the resistor R 2 and R 3, as applied through the base resistor R 31 to the base of the transistor TR1, is connected.
 さらに、LED駆動回路10は、電流検出器としての抵抗R21,R22,R23を有している。すなわち、トランジスタTR1のエミッタに抵抗R11及びR21の一端が接続され、トランジスタTR2のエミッタに抵抗R12及びR22の一端が接続され、トランジスタTR3のエミッタに抵抗R13及びR23の一端が接続される。また、これらの抵抗R11~R13の他端が、オペアンプOP1の入力端子(-側)に接続されている。これにより、抵抗R21,R22,R23は電流検出器として機能する。なお、本明細書において、トランジスタのエミッタ端子を「第2端子」ともいう。
 また、抵抗R21,R22及びR23の他端は、それぞれアース接続、すなわち全波整流器FR1の他側の出力端子(-側)に接続されている。抵抗R及び抵抗R10も同様にアース接続されている。
Further, the LED drive circuit 10 has resistors R 21 , R 22 , and R 23 as current detectors. That, is connected to one end of a resistor R 11 and R 21 to the emitter of transistor TR1, one end of the emitter resistor R 12 and R 22 of the transistor TR2 is connected, one end of the emitter of the transistor TR3 resistor R 13 and R 23 is Connected. The other ends of these resistors R 11 to R 13 are connected to the input terminal (− side) of the operational amplifier OP1. Thus, the resistance R 21, R 22, R 23 functions as a current detector. Note that in this specification, the emitter terminal of a transistor is also referred to as a “second terminal”.
The other ends of the resistors R 21 , R 22 and R 23 are connected to the ground connection, that is, to the other output terminal (− side) of the full-wave rectifier FR1. Resistors R 3 and resistor R 10 is also similarly grounded.
 次に、LED駆動回路10の回路動作の概略を説明する。 Next, an outline of the circuit operation of the LED drive circuit 10 will be described.
[第一の特徴]
 LED駆動回路10は、交流入力がLED列15を駆動できる十分に高い電圧である場合には、LED列15の全段数のLED(D1~D8)を点灯させるように動作する。一方、交流入力の電圧がLED列15の全段数を駆動するに十分な電圧よりも低くなっても、トランジスタTR1またはTR2によって、段数の少ない数でLED列15中のLEDを点灯させるように動作する。これが第一の特徴である。この構成により、交流入力の電圧が低くなった場合でもLED列の点灯状態を維持できることとなるので、LED列15のすべてのLEDが消灯する期間を極力短くすることができる。これにより、ヒトの目に感じるフリッカを解消することができる。
[First feature]
The LED drive circuit 10 operates to light up the LEDs (D1 to D8) of all the stages of the LED array 15 when the AC input is a sufficiently high voltage that can drive the LED array 15. On the other hand, even if the voltage of the AC input is lower than a voltage sufficient to drive the entire number of stages of the LED array 15, the transistors TR1 or TR2 operate to light the LEDs in the LED array 15 with a small number of stages. To do. This is the first feature. With this configuration, even when the AC input voltage is low, the lighting state of the LED strings can be maintained, so that the period during which all LEDs in the LED strings 15 are extinguished can be shortened as much as possible. Thereby, flicker felt by human eyes can be eliminated.
[第二の特徴]
 さらに、LED駆動回路10は、電流検出器としての抵抗R21,R22,R23を有している。つまり、各トランジスタTR1~TR3のそれぞれに接続される電流検出器としての抵抗値を独立に設定し、各トランジスタTR1~TR3が駆動する電流量を個別に設定できる。これが第二の特徴である。この構成により、交流入力の電圧周期に伴ってLED列15にかかる電圧が低下し、駆動するトランジスタが切り替わる場合に、各トランジスタが駆動する電流量を適切に制御することができる。交流入力の電圧周期に応じて電流制御をすることで、高効率にLED列15を発光させることができ、一層の高輝度低消費電力を達成できる。さらに、交流入力の電流に含まれる高調波成分を一層低減できる。
[Second feature]
Further, the LED drive circuit 10 has resistors R 21 , R 22 , and R 23 as current detectors. That is, the resistance value as a current detector connected to each of the transistors TR1 to TR3 can be set independently, and the amount of current driven by each transistor TR1 to TR3 can be set individually. This is the second feature. With this configuration, when the voltage applied to the LED array 15 decreases with the AC input voltage period and the transistors to be driven are switched, the amount of current that each transistor drives can be appropriately controlled. By controlling the current according to the voltage cycle of the AC input, it is possible to cause the LED array 15 to emit light with high efficiency and to achieve further high brightness and low power consumption. Furthermore, harmonic components contained in the AC input current can be further reduced.
[第三の特徴]
 また、LED駆動回路10は、負帰還回路を構成する抵抗及び電流検出用の抵抗、即ち抵抗R11~R13またはR11~R1n(図7にて後述),抵抗R21~R23または抵抗R21~R2n(図7にて後述)がそれぞれ対応するトランジスタのエミッタに独立的に接続される。これが第三の特徴である。この構成により、いずれかの抵抗R11~R13またはR11~R1n,抵抗R21~R23または抵抗R21~R2nが損傷したとしても、当該損傷した抵抗が関連するトランジスタによる駆動制御ができなくなるだけで、他のトランジスタによる駆動制御は可能となる。
 これに対して、部品点数削減等の理由により、各トランジスタのエミッタ間に電流検出用の抵抗を接続した場合には、電流検出用の抵抗が互いに直列に接続されるため、いずれかの抵抗が損傷した場合には、損傷した抵抗に後続する抵抗に関連する全てのトランジスタによる駆動制御が不可能となってしまう。
[Third feature]
Further, the LED drive circuit 10 includes a resistor constituting a negative feedback circuit and a current detecting resistor, that is, resistors R 11 to R 13 or R 11 to R 1n (described later in FIG. 7), resistors R 21 to R 23 or Resistors R 21 to R 2n (described later in FIG. 7) are independently connected to the emitters of the corresponding transistors. This is the third feature. With this configuration, even if any of the resistors R 11 to R 13 or R 11 to R 1n , the resistors R 21 to R 23, or the resistors R 21 to R 2n is damaged, the drive control by the transistor to which the damaged resistor is related The drive control by other transistors becomes possible only by becoming impossible.
On the other hand, when a resistance for current detection is connected between the emitters of each transistor for reasons such as reduction in the number of parts, the resistance for current detection is connected in series with each other. In the case of damage, drive control by all the transistors related to the resistance following the damaged resistance becomes impossible.
 まず、上述の第一の特徴を示す回路動作の側面について具体的に説明する。交流入力Vinが十分に高い状態にあり、LED列15のすべてのLED(D1~D8)を駆動できる場合、トランジスタTR3のベース・エミッタ間のみがオン状態となり、トランジスタTR3がLED列15を駆動する。すなわち、オペアンプOP1,抵抗R33,トランジスタTR3,抵抗R23,抵抗R10及び抵抗R13より成る負帰還回路によって、定電流回路が形成され、LED列15の駆動が行なわれる。 First, the aspect of the circuit operation showing the first feature described above will be specifically described. When the AC input Vin is in a sufficiently high state and all the LEDs (D1 to D8) of the LED string 15 can be driven, only the base-emitter of the transistor TR3 is turned on, and the transistor TR3 drives the LED string 15 . In other words, a constant current circuit is formed by the negative feedback circuit composed of the operational amplifier OP1, the resistor R 33 , the transistor TR3, the resistor R 23 , the resistor R 10 and the resistor R 13 , and the LED row 15 is driven.
 次に、交流入力Vinが次第に低下し、LED列15の全段数のLEDを駆動できる電圧よりも低くなると、トランジスタTR3のコレクタ・エミッタ間の電圧が低下し、トランジスタTR3のコレクタ・エミッタ間に電流が流れない状態となる。そうすると、定電流駆動しようとするオペアンプOP1の働きにより、オペアンプOP1の出力電圧が上昇し、トランジスタTR2のベース・エミッタ間がオン状態となって、トランジスタTR2がLED列15を駆動する。すなわち、オペアンプOP1,抵抗R及び抵抗R32,トランジスタTR2,抵抗R22,抵抗R10及びR12より成る負帰還回路によって定電流回路が形成され、LED列15の駆動が行なわれる。これにより、トランジスタTR2は、D1~D5の5段分のLEDを駆動する。 Next, when the AC input Vin gradually decreases and becomes lower than the voltage that can drive the LEDs of all the stages of the LED array 15, the voltage between the collector and the emitter of the transistor TR3 decreases, and a current flows between the collector and the emitter of the transistor TR3. Will not flow. Then, the output voltage of the operational amplifier OP1 rises due to the operation of the operational amplifier OP1 to be driven at a constant current, the base-emitter between the transistors TR2 is turned on, and the transistor TR2 drives the LED array 15. That is, the operational amplifier OP1, resistors R 1 and R 32, the transistor TR2, the resistor R 22, a constant current circuit is formed by the negative feedback circuit composed of a resistor R 10 and R 12, the driving of the LED array 15 is performed. As a result, the transistor TR2 drives the LEDs of five stages D1 to D5.
 次に、交流入力Vinがさらに低下し、LED列15のD1~D5の5段分のLEDを駆動できる電圧よりも低くなると、トランジスタTR2のコレクタ・エミッタ間の電圧が低下し、トランジスタTR2のコレクタ・エミッタ間に電流が流れない状態となる。そうすると、定電流駆動しようとするオペアンプOP1の働きにより、オペアンプOP1の出力電圧はさらに上昇し、トランジスタTR1のベース・エミッタ間がオン状態となって、トランジスタTR1がLED列15を駆動し始める。すなわち、オペアンプOP1,抵抗R,抵抗R,抵抗R31,トランジスタTR1,抵抗R21,抵抗R10及びR11より成る負帰還回路によって定電流回路が形成され、LED列15の駆動が行なわれる。これにより、トランジスタTR1は、D1~D2の2段分のLEDを駆動する。 Next, when the AC input Vin further decreases and becomes lower than the voltage that can drive the LEDs of five stages D1 to D5 of the LED string 15, the voltage between the collector and the emitter of the transistor TR2 decreases, and the collector of the transistor TR2・ No current flows between the emitters. Then, the output voltage of the operational amplifier OP1 further rises due to the operation of the operational amplifier OP1 to be driven with constant current, the base-emitter between the transistors TR1 is turned on, and the transistor TR1 starts to drive the LED array 15. That is, a constant current circuit is formed by a negative feedback circuit composed of an operational amplifier OP1, a resistor R 1 , a resistor R 2 , a resistor R 31 , a transistor TR1, a resistor R 21 , a resistor R 10 and R 11 , and the LED array 15 is driven. It is. As a result, the transistor TR1 drives the LEDs for two stages D1 to D2.
 そして、交流入力Vinが、LED列15のD1,D2の2段分のLEDを駆動できる電圧よりも低くなると、トランジスタTR1もLED列15を駆動できない状態となり、LED列15は消灯する。 Then, when the AC input Vin becomes lower than the voltage that can drive the LEDs of two stages D1 and D2 of the LED string 15, the transistor TR1 also cannot drive the LED string 15, and the LED string 15 is turned off.
 一方、交流入力Vinが上昇する周期に入った場合には、上述の状態遷移と逆の順番で各トランジスタTR1~TR3が動作することになる。すなわち、交流入力Vinがゼロから上昇し、やがて一定電圧に到達するとトランジスタTR1により2段分のLED(D1,D2)が駆動される。さらに交流入力Vinが上昇すると、トランジスタTR2により5段分のLED(D1~D5)が駆動される。さらに交流入力Vinが上昇すると、トランジスタTR3により全段数のLED(D1~D8)が駆動される。
 このようにして、交流入力Vinの電圧の変動周期(50Hzであれば、毎秒100回の周期)により、上述の動作が繰り返される。
On the other hand, when the AC input Vin starts to rise, the transistors TR1 to TR3 operate in the reverse order of the state transition described above. That is, when the AC input Vin rises from zero and eventually reaches a constant voltage, the two-stage LEDs (D1, D2) are driven by the transistor TR1. When the AC input Vin further rises, the LEDs (D1 to D5) for five stages are driven by the transistor TR2. When the AC input Vin further increases, the LEDs (D1 to D8) of all stages are driven by the transistor TR3.
In this way, the above-described operation is repeated according to the fluctuation cycle of the voltage of the AC input Vin (if it is 50 Hz, the cycle is 100 times per second).
 次に、上述の第二の特徴を示す回路動作の側面をさらに具体的に説明する。第二の特徴を示すLED駆動回路10は、各素子のパラメータ特性として次の通りの特性を有する。第二の特徴を示す駆動回路10は、図1において、トランジスタTR1,TR2,TR3の特性が略同一である。トランジスタTR1のベース・エミッタ間電圧をVBE1とし、トランジスタTR2のベース・エミッタ間電圧をVBE2とし、トランジスタTR3のベース・エミッタ間電圧をVBE3とする。抵抗Rに流れる電流をIとし、トランジスタTR1のベース電流をIB1,トランジスタTR2のベース電流をIB2,トランジスタTR3のベース電流をIB3とする。トランジスタTR1のエミッタ電流をIとし、トランジスタTR2のエミッタ電流をIとし、トランジスタTR3のエミッタ電流をIとする。さらに、ベース抵抗R31,R32,R33及びトランジスタTR1,TR2,TR3は、I≫IB1,I≫IB2,I≫IB3となる(すなわち、ベース電流IB1~IB3が電流Iに影響を及ぼさない程度に小さくなる)ように設計される。このとき、第二の特徴を示す駆動回路は、以下の式(1-1)~式(1-3)を満たすように、分圧抵抗R,R,Rの値が調整される。 Next, the aspect of the circuit operation showing the second feature described above will be described more specifically. The LED drive circuit 10 showing the second characteristic has the following characteristics as parameter characteristics of each element. In the drive circuit 10 showing the second feature, the characteristics of the transistors TR1, TR2, and TR3 in FIG. 1 are substantially the same. The base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR1 and V BE1, the base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR2 and V BE2, the base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR3 and V BE3. The current flowing through the resistor R 3 and I 0, the base current of the transistor TR1 I B1, the base current of the transistor TR2 I B2, the base current of the transistor TR3 and I B3. The emitter current of the transistor TR1 and I 1, the emitter current of the transistor TR2 and I 2, the emitter current of the transistor TR3 and I 3. Furthermore, base resistance R 31, R 32, R 33 and transistors TR1, TR2, TR3 becomes I 0 »I B1, I 0 »I B2, I 0 »I B3 ( i.e., the base current I B1 ~ I B3 Is so small that it does not affect the current I 0 ). At this time, the values of the voltage dividing resistors R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are adjusted so that the drive circuit showing the second feature satisfies the following formulas (1-1) to (1-3): .
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000007
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000007
 式(1-1)は、トランジスタTR1が作動している状態を示す。トランジスタTR2,トランジスタTR3も、回路として電流が流れうる構成ではあるが、交流入力電圧Vinの電圧値が低すぎるため、TR2とD1-D5のLED列を経由した電流及びTR3とD1-D8のLED列を経由した電流は流れない。エミッタ電流Iは一定である。 Expression (1-1) indicates a state in which the transistor TR1 is operating. Although the transistors TR2 and TR3 are configured to allow current to flow as circuits, the voltage value of the AC input voltage Vin is too low, so that the current through the LED strings TR2 and D1-D5 and the LEDs of TR3 and D1-D8 No current flows through the line. Emitter current I 1 is constant.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000008
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000008
 式(1-2)は、トランジスタTR2が作動している状態を示す。トランジスタTR1は、ベース電圧が低いため、回路的にオフ状態となっている。トランジスタTR3は、回路として電流が流れうる構成ではあるが、交流入力電圧Vinの電圧値が低すぎるため、TR3とD1-D8を経由した電流は流れない。エミッタ電流Iは一定である。
 分圧抵抗Rは、R・IとトランジスタTR2のエミッタ電位R22・Iとの差がトランジスタTR2のベース・エミッタ間電圧の差ΔVBE2の近辺あるいはそれ以上の値となるように設定される。なお、ΔVBE2は、トランジスタTR2がオン状態からオフ状態となるときのトランジスタTR2のベース・エミッタ間電圧の差(本実施形態では、200mVとした。)である。ここで、例として用いた200mVという基準値は、トランジスタTR2がオン状態となったときのベース・エミッタ間電圧VBE2-ONからオフ状態となったときのベース・エミッタ間電圧VBE2-OFFを減算したもので、使用する素子の特性や動作温度等の条件によって適宜修正される。
Expression (1-2) shows a state in which the transistor TR2 is operating. Since the base voltage is low, the transistor TR1 is in an off state in terms of circuit. Although the transistor TR3 is configured to allow current to flow as a circuit, since the voltage value of the AC input voltage Vin is too low, no current flows through TR3 and D1-D8. Emitter current I 2 is constant.
Dividing resistor R 2, as the difference between the emitter potential R 22 · I 2 for R 2 · I 0 and the transistor TR2 is around or more values of the difference [Delta] V BE2 of the base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR2 Is set. Note that ΔV BE2 is a difference in base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR2 when the transistor TR2 is turned off from the on state (in this embodiment, 200 mV). Here, the reference value of 200mV was used as an example, the base-emitter voltage V BE2-OFF when the OFF state from the base-emitter voltage V BE2-ON when the transistor TR2 is turned on The value is subtracted and appropriately corrected depending on conditions such as the characteristics of the element used and the operating temperature.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000009
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000009
 式(1-3)は、トランジスタTR3が作動している状態を示す。トランジスタTR1,TR2は、ベース電圧が低いため、共に回路的にオフ状態である。エミッタ電流Iは一定である。
 分圧抵抗Rは、R・IとトランジスタTR3のエミッタ電位R23・Iとの差がトランジスタTR3のベース・エミッタ間電圧の差ΔVBE3の近辺あるいはそれ以上の値となるように設定される。なお、ΔVBE3は、トランジスタTR3がオン状態からオフ状態となるときのトランジスタTR3のベース・エミッタ間電圧の差(本実施形態では、200mVとした。)である。ここで、例として用いた200mVという基準値は、トランジスタTR3がオン状態となったときのベース・エミッタ間電圧VBE3-ONからオフ状態となったときのベース・エミッタ間電圧VBE3-OFFを減算したもので、使用する素子の特性や動作温度等の条件によって適宜修正される。
Expression (1-3) shows a state in which the transistor TR3 is operating. Since the transistors TR1 and TR2 have a low base voltage, both are off in terms of circuit. Emitter current I 3 is constant.
Dividing resistor R 1, as the difference between R 1 · I 0 and the emitter potential R 23 - I 3 of the transistor TR3 is around or more values of the difference [Delta] V BE3 of the base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR3 Is set. Note that ΔV BE3 is a difference in base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR3 when the transistor TR3 is turned off (in this embodiment, 200 mV). Here, the reference value of 200mV was used as an example, the base-emitter voltage V BE3-OFF when the OFF state from the base-emitter voltage V BE3-ON when the transistor TR3 is turned on The value is subtracted and appropriately corrected depending on conditions such as the characteristics of the element used and the operating temperature.
 上記式(1-1)~式(1-3)において、オペアンプOP1の出力電圧は、トランジスタTR1のエミッタ電圧がVref・(R10+R1x)/R10(ここで、1/R1x=(1/R11)+(1/R12)+(1/R13)とする)となるように制御される。そのため、式(1-1)~式(1-3)におけるIの値は、トランジスタTR1~TR3の動作状態によって異なる値をとる。しかしながら、分圧抵抗R,Rの値は、上記式(1-1)~式(1-3)を順次求めていくことで、それぞれ最適な値を決定できる。 In the above equations (1-1) to (1-3), the output voltage of the operational amplifier OP1 is such that the emitter voltage of the transistor TR1 is V ref · (R 10 + R 1x ) / R 10 (where 1 / R 1x = (1 / R 11 ) + (1 / R 12 ) + (1 / R 13 )). Therefore, the value of I 0 in the equations (1-1) to (1-3) varies depending on the operating states of the transistors TR1 to TR3. However, the values of the voltage dividing resistors R 2 and R 3 can be determined optimally by sequentially obtaining the above equations (1-1) to (1-3).
 駆動回路10が上記式(1-1)~式(1-3)を満たす場合、トランジスタTR1~TR3は以下のように動作する。(A)トランジスタTR3が動作する場合には、D1~D8までのすべてのLEDがオンとなる。(B)トランジスタTR2が動作する場合には、D1~D5までのLEDがオンとなり、D6~D8までのLEDはオフとなる。また、抵抗R23よりR22の値を大きくした場合には、トランジスタTR3の動作時よりもトランジスタTR2が駆動する電流値が減少する。(C)トランジスタTR1が動作する場合には、D1~D2までのLEDがオンとなり、D3~D8までのLEDはオフとなる。また、抵抗R22よりR21の値を大きくした場合には、トランジスタTR2動作時よりもトランジスタTR1が駆動する電流値が減少する。
 つまり、トランジスタTR1~TR3は、それぞれ異なる電流値を駆動する定電流回路として機能し、駆動回路10は、動作するトランジスタが切り替わることで電流値の異なる定電流を順に生成する。このことは、特別に電子回路を付加することなく、LEDに流れる電流波形、すなわち交流入力の電流波形を正弦波により近い波形とすること、あるいはそれ以外の望みの波形とすることを可能となることを意味する。
When the drive circuit 10 satisfies the above equations (1-1) to (1-3), the transistors TR1 to TR3 operate as follows. (A) When the transistor TR3 operates, all the LEDs D1 to D8 are turned on. (B) When the transistor TR2 operates, the LEDs D1 to D5 are turned on, and the LEDs D6 to D8 are turned off. Also, if than the resistance R 23 to increase the value of R 22, the current value at which the transistor TR2 is driven than when the operation of the transistor TR3 is reduced. (C) When the transistor TR1 operates, the LEDs D1 to D2 are turned on, and the LEDs D3 to D8 are turned off. Further, when the value of R 21 is made larger than that of the resistor R 22, the current value driven by the transistor TR 1 is smaller than that during the operation of the transistor TR 2.
That is, the transistors TR1 to TR3 function as constant current circuits that drive different current values, and the drive circuit 10 sequentially generates constant currents having different current values when the operating transistors are switched. This makes it possible to make the current waveform flowing in the LED, that is, the current waveform of the AC input closer to a sine wave, or any other desired waveform without adding an electronic circuit. Means that.
 図2に、一実施形態に係るLED駆動回路の電圧及び電流変動を示し、脈流電圧波形が時間経過とともに変動する様子が示されている。上述した特性を有するLED駆動回路においては、図2に示すように、脈流電圧波形の変動とともに点灯させるLEDの段数が変化し、それぞれのLED段数を点灯させるための電流値が変動する。例えば、LED4段のときの電流の強さを8とすると、LED6段のときの電流の強さは10、LED8段のときの電流の強さは12、LED10段のときの電流の強さは14というように電流が変動する。これによって、従来型のLED駆動回路を用いた場合よりもLED駆動時の力率を高めることができ、高輝度かつ低消費電力でLEDを点灯させることができる。また、電流波形を正弦波により近い波形とすることで、フリッカを低減するとともに、交流入力の電流に含まれる高調波を低減できるという有利な効果を奏する制御回路(交流制御回路)が実現できる。 FIG. 2 shows voltage and current fluctuations of the LED drive circuit according to one embodiment, and shows how the pulsating voltage waveform fluctuates with time. In the LED driving circuit having the above-described characteristics, as shown in FIG. 2, the number of LED stages to be lit changes with the fluctuation of the pulsating voltage waveform, and the current value for lighting each LED stage number varies. For example, if the current intensity when the LED is 4 stages is 8, the current intensity when the LED is 6 stages is 10, the current intensity is 12 when the LED is 8 stages, and the current intensity is when the LED is 10 stages. The current fluctuates as 14. As a result, the power factor during LED driving can be increased as compared with the case where a conventional LED driving circuit is used, and the LED can be lit with high brightness and low power consumption. In addition, by making the current waveform closer to a sine wave, it is possible to realize a control circuit (AC control circuit) that has an advantageous effect of reducing flicker and reducing harmonics contained in the AC input current.
 また、図3~図6に、本発明に係るLED駆動回路によって制御された電流波形と従来技術のLED駆動回路によって制御された電流波形との比較例を示す。図3は、従来技術により交流を整流して脈流で点灯させるLED駆動回路によって制御された電流波形を示す模式図である。図4は、本発明に係るLED駆動回路によって制御された電流波形を示す模式図である。図5及び図6は、現在多用されているスイッチング電源を用いてLEDを点灯させる場合のLEDに流れる電流波形と交流入力の電流波形を示す模式図である。スイッチング方式の電源は、LED点灯時のフリッカや輝度等の問題を解消する目的で用いられ、交流入力を整流して脈流とし、脈流を平滑化して必要とする直流電圧に変換する。交流入力の電流波形は、脈流の平滑に用いるコンデンサの容量が大きいと図5に示すような電流波形となり、脈流の平滑に用いるコンデンサの容量が小さいと図6に示すような電流波形となる。 3 to 6 show comparative examples of the current waveform controlled by the LED driving circuit according to the present invention and the current waveform controlled by the conventional LED driving circuit. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a current waveform controlled by an LED driving circuit that rectifies alternating current and lights it with a pulsating flow according to a conventional technique. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a current waveform controlled by the LED driving circuit according to the present invention. 5 and 6 are schematic diagrams showing a current waveform flowing in the LED and an AC input current waveform when the LED is turned on using a switching power supply that is widely used at present. The switching type power supply is used for the purpose of solving the problems such as flicker and luminance when the LED is lit, and rectifies the AC input into a pulsating current, smoothes the pulsating current and converts it into a necessary DC voltage. The AC input current waveform is as shown in FIG. 5 when the capacity of the capacitor used for smoothing the pulsating current is large, and as shown in FIG. 6 when the capacity of the capacitor used for smoothing the pulsating current is small. Become.
 従来の電流波形は、図3に示すように電流変化が急激であり点灯時間も短くフリッカの原因となりやすい特性を有する。それに対し、本発明に係るLED駆動回路によって制御された電流波形は、図4に示すように点灯時間が長く、正弦波に近い形で緩やかに変化する。これは、図5や図6に示されるように、尖頭値が高く高調波を多量に含む電流波形とは対照的である。したがって、本発明に係るLED駆動回路によれば、フリッカを低減しうる特性を有する電流波形が得られ、フィルタ等の回路を用いずとも正弦波に近い電流波形が得られることが容易に理解できるであろう。 As shown in FIG. 3, the conventional current waveform has characteristics that the current change is rapid, the lighting time is short, and flicker is likely to occur. On the other hand, the current waveform controlled by the LED drive circuit according to the present invention has a long lighting time as shown in FIG. This is in contrast to a current waveform having a high peak value and a large amount of harmonics, as shown in FIGS. Therefore, according to the LED driving circuit of the present invention, it is easy to understand that a current waveform having a characteristic capable of reducing flicker can be obtained and a current waveform close to a sine wave can be obtained without using a circuit such as a filter. Will.
 以上説明した通り、LED駆動回路10は、交流入力がLED列の全段数を駆動できない電圧に低下しても、LED列15の全段数よりも少ないLEDの段数でLED列15を駆動できる。つまり、LED駆動回路10によれば、交流入力でLED列を駆動する場合であっても、LED列が消灯状態となる期間を極力短くすることができるため、LEDのフリッカを制御し低減することが可能である。さらに、交流入力電圧の値に応じて、LEDに流れる電流を適切に制御できるため、LEDを駆動させる力率を高めることができ、LED照明装置としての輝度を一層高くできる。 As described above, the LED drive circuit 10 can drive the LED array 15 with fewer LED stages than the LED array 15 even when the AC input drops to a voltage that cannot drive the entire LED array. That is, according to the LED drive circuit 10, even when the LED array is driven by AC input, the period during which the LED array is turned off can be shortened as much as possible, so that LED flicker can be controlled and reduced. Is possible. Furthermore, since the electric current which flows into LED can be controlled appropriately according to the value of alternating current input voltage, the power factor which drives LED can be raised, and the brightness | luminance as a LED lighting apparatus can be made still higher.
 なお、図1で示したLED駆動回路10のLED列15のLEDの段数は、説明の便宜上、8段としたが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、交流入力に応じてLEDの段数を適宜設計することができる。例えば、交流入力が100Vである場合にはLED列の段数は約40段とし、交流入力が200Vである場合にはLED列の段数は約80段とすることができる。 The number of LEDs in the LED array 15 of the LED drive circuit 10 shown in FIG. 1 is eight for convenience of explanation, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of LEDs in accordance with the AC input is not limited to this. The number of stages can be designed as appropriate. For example, when the AC input is 100V, the number of LED rows can be about 40, and when the AC input is 200V, the number of LED rows can be about 80.
 また、トランジスタTR1,TR2のコレクタに接続するLEDの段数についても、様々な段数を採用することができる。図1のLED駆動回路10では、例示的に計三個の駆動用のトランジスタ(TR1~TR3)を用いて、LED列の三つの接続ポイントをそれぞれ駆動するように構成したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、駆動用のトランジスタの数(すなわち、LED列への接続ポイントの数)は、二個、四個等様々な構成を採用することができる。 Also, various stages can be adopted as the number of stages of LEDs connected to the collectors of the transistors TR1 and TR2. The LED drive circuit 10 of FIG. 1 is configured to drive three connection points of the LED array using, for example, a total of three drive transistors (TR1 to TR3). The number of transistors for driving (that is, the number of connection points to the LED array) can be various configurations such as two or four.
 また、図1のLED駆動回路10は、一列のLED列を駆動するように構成したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、複数のLED列を駆動する回路構成も実現することが可能である。 Further, the LED drive circuit 10 of FIG. 1 is configured to drive one LED row, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a circuit configuration for driving a plurality of LED rows can also be realized. Is possible.
[LED列をn段で切り替える構成]
 さらに、図1のLED駆動回路10は、三個のトランジスタTR1~TR3を用いてLED列を三段切り替えする構成としたが、LED列をn段で切り替える場合の構成を以下に説明する。
[Configuration for switching LED rows in n stages]
Further, although the LED drive circuit 10 of FIG. 1 is configured to switch the LED string in three stages using the three transistors TR1 to TR3, the configuration when the LED string is switched in n stages will be described below.
 図7は、本発明の他の実施形態に係るm個の互いに直列接続されたLEDから成るLED列をn段で切り替え駆動するためのLED駆動回路40の構成を示している。
 図7に示したLED駆動回路40において、複数の駆動用トランジスタがTR1,TR2,・・・,TRnのn個で構成された場合において、トランジスタTR1,TR2,・・・,TRnの特性を略同一のものとする。分圧抵抗をR,R,・・・,R(n-1),Rとし、電流検出器としての抵抗をR21,R22,・・・,R2nとする。トランジスタTR1からトランジスタTRnまでの各トランジスタのベース・エミッタ間電圧をVBEi(ただし、i=1~nまでの自然数)とし、ベース抵抗をR31,R32,・・・,R3nとする。オペアンプOP1とトランジスタTR1~TRnとが形成する負帰還回路は、抵抗R10と、前述の電流抵抗器としての抵抗R21,R22,・・・,R2nの一端に接続されている抵抗R11,R12,・・・,R1nで構成される。分圧抵抗Rに流れる電流をIとし、トランジスタTR1からトランジスタTRnまでの各トランジスタのベース電流をIBi(ただし、i=1~nまでの自然数)とする。トランジスタTR1からトランジスタTRnの各トランジスタのエミッタ電流をI(ただし、i=1~nまでの自然数)とする。さらにベース抵抗R31,R32,・・・,R3n、トランジスタTR1,TR2,TR3,・・・,TRnは、I≫IBi(ただし、i=1~nまでの自然数)となる(すなわち、ベース電流IBiが電流Iに影響を及ぼさない程度に小さくなる)ように設計される。このとき、以下の式(2-1)~式(2-n)を満たすように分圧抵抗R,R,・・・,Rが調整される。
FIG. 7 shows a configuration of an LED drive circuit 40 for switching and driving an LED array composed of m LEDs connected in series with each other in n stages according to another embodiment of the present invention.
In the LED drive circuit 40 shown in FIG. 7, when the plurality of drive transistors are composed of n transistors TR1, TR2,..., TRn, the characteristics of the transistors TR1, TR2,. The same thing. The voltage dividing resistors are R 1 , R 2 ,..., R (n−1) , R n, and the resistors as current detectors are R 21 , R 22 ,. The base-emitter voltage of each transistor from the transistor TR1 to the transistor TRn is V BEi (where i is a natural number from 1 to n), and the base resistance is R 31 , R 32 ,..., R 3n . Negative feedback circuit and an operational amplifier OP1 and the transistor TR1 ~ TRn is formed, resistance R 10, the resistor R 21 as a current resistor described above, R 22, · · ·, resistors is connected to one end of the R 2n R 11 , R 12 ,..., R1n. The current flowing through the voltage dividing resistor R n is I 0, and the base current of each transistor from the transistor TR 1 to the transistor TRn is I Bi (where i = 1 to n is a natural number). The emitter current of each of the transistors TR1 to TRn is assumed to be I i (where i = 1 to n is a natural number). Further base resistance R 31, R 32, ···, R 3n, transistors TR1, TR2, TR3, · · ·, TRn is, I 0 »I Bi (however, a natural number up to i = 1 ~ n) become ( That is, the base current I Bi is designed to be small enough not to affect the current I 0 ). At this time, the voltage dividing resistors R 1 , R 2 ,..., R n are adjusted so as to satisfy the following expressions (2-1) to (2-n).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000010
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000010
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000011
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000011
 なお、式(2-3)~式(2-(n-1))までは、式(2-1),式(2-2)に基づいて規則的に導けることが明らかであるので、省略する。 Since it is clear that the expressions (2-3) to (2- (n-1)) can be regularly derived based on the expressions (2-1) and (2-2), the description is omitted. To do.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000012
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000012
 なお、分圧抵抗R(n+1-i)(ただし、i=2~nまでの自然数)は、トランジスタTRiがオン状態からオフ状態となるときにR(n+1-i)・I-R2i・I≧ΔVBEiを満たすように設定されるものとする。ここで、ΔVBEiは、トランジスタTRiがオン状態からオフ状態となるときのトランジスタTRiのベース・エミッタ間電圧の差である。 Note that the voltage dividing resistor R (n + 1−i) (where i = 2 to n is a natural number) is R (n + 1−i) · I 0 −R 2i · when the transistor TRi is turned off. It is assumed that I i ≧ ΔV BEi is set. Here, ΔV BEi is a difference between the base-emitter voltage of the transistor TRi when the transistor TRi changes from the on state to the off state.
 図7に示したLED列のn段切り替え動作時の抵抗値の算出手順について、改めて以下に説明する。 The procedure for calculating the resistance value during the n-stage switching operation of the LED array shown in FIG. 7 will be described below again.
 まず、LED列へ供給する脈流の電圧が0Vから上昇し、トランジスタTR1に接続されたLED列のL1段に電流Iが流れ始めたときを考える。このとき、以下の式を満たすように分圧抵抗Rを定めることとする。なお、VBE1は、トランジスタTR1のベース・エミッタ間電圧である。
 R・I=VBE1+R21・I
     =VBE1+Vref・(R10+R1x)/R10
 (但し1/R1x=(1/R11)+(1/R12)+・・・(1/R1n)とする。)
 さらにトランジスタTR1のベースに流入する電流値IB1がIに影響を及ぼさず、またR31・IB1≪R・I、かつ、R31・IB1≪VBE1となるようにベース抵抗R31の値を定める。なお、このとき、Iは、駆動素子(ここではトランジスタTR1)の容量成分とベース抵抗R31及び分圧抵抗R~Rで決まる時定数がオペアンプOP1周辺の動作に影響を及ぼさないように考慮する必要がある。
First, consider the case where the voltage of the pulsating current supplied to the LED string rises from 0 V, and the current I 1 starts to flow through the L1 stage of the LED string connected to the transistor TR1. At this time, the voltage dividing resistor Rn is determined so as to satisfy the following expression. V BE1 is a base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR1.
R n · I 0 = V BE1 + R 21 · I 1
= V BE1 + V ref · (R 10 + R 1x ) / R 10
(However, 1 / R 1x = (1 / R 11 ) + (1 / R 12 ) +... (1 / R 1n ))
Further current I B1 which flows into the base of the transistor TR1 is no effect on I 0, also R 31 · I B1 «R n · I 0 and, base such that R 31 · I B1 «V BE1 resistance determine the value of R 31. At this time, I 0 is such that the capacitance component and the base resistor R 31 and voltage dividing resistors R 1 ~ time constant determined by R n of the drive element (the transistor TR1 in this case) does not affect the operation of the peripheral amplifier OP1 Need to be considered.
 次に、LED列へ供給する脈流の電圧がさらに上昇すると、トランジスタTR2に接続されたLEDのL2段にエミッタ電流Iが流れ始めるとともに、トランジスタTR1のエミッタ電流は減少しゼロとなる。このとき、以下の式を満たすように分圧抵抗R(n-1)および電流Iを定めることとする。
 (R(n-1)+R)・I
      =VBE1+R(n-1)・I=VBE2+R22・I
      =VBE2+Vref・(R10+R1x)/R10
 (但し1/R1x=(1/R11)+(1/R12)+・・・(1/R1n)とする。)
 ここで、トランジスタTR2のベース・エミッタ間電圧VBE2の定義ならびに電流Iの決定時に考慮すべき事項は、上記のトランジスタTR1について定めた事項と同様である。また、トランジスタTR2のベースに流入する電流値IB2がIに影響を及ぼさないようにベース抵抗R32の値を定める事も前述の説明と同様である。
Then, when the voltage of the supplied pulsating current to the LED string is further increased, with the emitter current I 2 starts to flow through the L2 stages of the LED connected to the transistor TR2, the emitter current of the transistor TR1 becomes reduced to zero. At this time, the voltage dividing resistor R (n−1) and the current I 0 are determined so as to satisfy the following expression.
(R (n-1) + R n ) · I 0
= V BE1 + R (n-1) · I 0 = V BE2 + R 22 · I 2
= V BE2 + V ref · (R 10 + R 1x ) / R 10
(However, 1 / R 1x = (1 / R 11 ) + (1 / R 12 ) +... (1 / R 1n ))
Here, the definition of the base-emitter voltage V BE2 of the transistor TR2 and the items to be considered when determining the current I 0 are the same as the items set for the transistor TR1. Further, it is also the same as the foregoing description that the current value I B2 flowing into the base of the transistor TR2 defines the value of the base resistor R 32 so as not to affect the I 0.
 次に、同様の手順でLED列へ供給する脈流の電圧がさらに上昇しLEDのL3段に電流Iが流れ始めたときの分圧抵抗R(n-2)とベース抵抗R33を決定する。以降も同様にして、分圧抵抗R(n-3)~R,ベース抵抗R34~R3nの値を順次決定することができる。 Next, the voltage dividing resistance R (n−2) and the base resistance R 33 when the voltage of the pulsating current supplied to the LED array rises in the same procedure and the current I 3 begins to flow to the L3 stage of the LED are determined. To do. Thereafter, similarly, the values of the voltage dividing resistors R (n-3) to R 1 and the base resistors R 34 to R 3n can be sequentially determined.
 図8は、図7に示したLED駆動回路40の変形例である。本変形例は、図7に示したLED駆動回路40とほぼ同じ構成であるので、同じ構成要素には同じ符号を付して、その説明を省略する。
 図8において、LED駆動回路50は、図7に示したLED駆動回路40とは、各トランジスタTR1~TRnのエミッタに接続される抵抗の配置が異なる。尚、LED駆動回路50においては、トランジスタの個数nは便宜的に偶数とする。
FIG. 8 shows a modification of the LED drive circuit 40 shown in FIG. Since this modification has almost the same configuration as the LED drive circuit 40 shown in FIG. 7, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
In FIG. 8, the LED drive circuit 50 is different from the LED drive circuit 40 shown in FIG. 7 in the arrangement of resistors connected to the emitters of the transistors TR1 to TRn. In the LED drive circuit 50, the number n of transistors is an even number for convenience.
 図7のLED駆動回路40においては、各トランジスタTR1~TRnに対して、それぞれ抵抗R11~R1n及び抵抗R21~R2nが一つずつ独立的に接続されていた。これに対し、図8のLED駆動回路50においては、所定数、この場合二個のトランジスタから成るグループに属するトランジスタのエミッタ端子間に電流検出用の抵抗R4xが接続されている。 In the LED drive circuit 40 of FIG. 7, resistors R 11 to R 1n and resistors R 21 to R 2n are independently connected to the transistors TR1 to TRn, respectively. On the other hand, in the LED drive circuit 50 of FIG. 8, a resistor R 4x for current detection is connected between the emitter terminals of the transistors belonging to a predetermined number, in this case, a group of two transistors.
 図8のLED駆動回路において、複数のトランジスタTR1~TRnは、二つのトランジスタ毎にグループ化される。具体的には、トランジスタTR1,TR2が第1グループに属し、トランジスタTR3,TR4が第2グループに属するようにして、各トランジスタTR1~TRnは複数のグループに分割される。したがって、トランジスタTR(n-1),TRnは、同じグループに属する。 In the LED drive circuit of FIG. 8, the plurality of transistors TR1 to TRn are grouped every two transistors. Specifically, the transistors TR1 to TRn are divided into a plurality of groups so that the transistors TR1 and TR2 belong to the first group and the transistors TR3 and TR4 belong to the second group. Therefore, the transistors TR (n−1) and TRn belong to the same group.
 つづいて、トランジスタTR(n-1),TRnが構成するグループに含まれる抵抗について述べる。トランジスタTR(n-1)及びTRnに関しては、トランジスタTRnのエミッタとアース間に抵抗R2nが接続されると共に、トランジスタTR(n-1)及びTRnのエミッタ間に抵抗R4(n-1)が接続される。さらにトランジスタTR(n-1)のエミッタとオペアンプOP1の-側入力端子の間に抵抗R1(n-1)が接続されている。このようにして、トランジスタTR(n-1)及びTRnと、抵抗R2n,抵抗R4(n-1),及び抵抗R1(n-1)により一つのグループが形成される。 Next, resistors included in the group formed by the transistors TR (n−1) and TRn will be described. As for the transistors TR (n−1) and TRn, a resistor R 2n is connected between the emitter of the transistor TRn and the ground, and a resistor R 4 (n−1) is connected between the emitters of the transistors TR (n−1) and TRn. Is connected. Further, a resistor R1 (n-1) is connected between the emitter of the transistor TR (n-1) and the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier OP1. In this way, one group is formed by the transistors TR (n−1) and TRn, the resistor R 2n , the resistor R 4 (n−1) , and the resistor R 1 (n−1) .
 このグループにおいて、トランジスタTRnのエミッタ電流は、抵抗R2nを介してアースに流れ、またトランジスタTR(n-1)のエミッタ電流は、抵抗R4(n-1)及び抵抗R2nを介してアースに流れる。したがって、トランジスタTRn,TR(n-1)が属するグループでは、抵抗R2n及び抵抗R4(n-1)が電流検出器として機能する。また、抵抗R2nと抵抗R4(n-1)は直列抵抗を形成し、トランジスタTR(n-1)及びTRnは、この直列抵抗の異なる接続点にそれぞれ接続されているとも言える。したがって、各トランジスタTR(n-1),TRnには、互いに異なる抵抗値の電流検出器が接続されていると言える。これにより、同じグループに属するトランジスタTR(n-1)及びTRnは、それぞれ異なる電流値で駆動する定電流回路を形成する。 In this group, the emitter current of the transistor TRn flows to the ground via the resistor R 2n , and the emitter current of the transistor TR (n−1) is grounded via the resistor R 4 (n−1) and the resistor R 2n. Flowing into. Therefore, in the group to which the transistors TRn and TR (n−1) belong, the resistor R 2n and the resistor R 4 (n−1) function as a current detector. In addition, it can be said that the resistor R 2n and the resistor R 4 (n−1) form a series resistor, and the transistors TR (n−1) and TRn are respectively connected to different connection points of the series resistor. Therefore, it can be said that current detectors having different resistance values are connected to the transistors TR (n−1) and TRn. Thus, the transistors TR (n−1) and TRn belonging to the same group form constant current circuits that are driven with different current values.
 ここで、一つのグループに属する直列抵抗を形成する抵抗R2n及び抵抗R4(n-1)は、二つのトランジスタTRn及びTR(n-1)に対して、一つずつ設けられている。したがって、LED駆動回路50全体では、これらの抵抗は、それぞれトランジスタTR1~TRnの個数の半分の個数を使用すればよい。即ち、各トランジスタTR1~TRnをグループ化することにより、抵抗R11,R13,R15,・・・,R1(n-3),R1(n-1)、抵抗R22,R24,R26,・・・,R2(n-2),R2n及び抵抗R41,R43,R45,・・・,R4(n-3),R4(n-1)を設ければよいこととなる。これにより、上述の図7に示す駆動回路40と比べて、必要な抵抗数を減らすことができる。 Here, one resistor R 2n and one resistor R 4 (n−1) that form a series resistor belonging to one group are provided for each of the two transistors TRn and TR (n−1). Therefore, in the LED driving circuit 50 as a whole, these resistors may be used as half of the number of transistors TR1 to TRn. In other words, by grouping the respective transistors TR1 ~ TRn, resistors R 11, R 13, R 15 , ···, R 1 (n-3), R 1 (n-1), resistors R 22, R 24 , R 26 ,..., R 2 (n-2) , R 2n and resistors R 41 , R 43 , R 45 ,..., R 4 (n-3) , R 4 (n−1) are provided. It will do. Thereby, the required number of resistors can be reduced as compared with the drive circuit 40 shown in FIG.
 このようにして、LED駆動回路50によれば、トランジスタTR1~TRnに接続する抵抗の個数を、LED駆動回路40より低減することができる。また、いずれかの抵抗R11~R1(n-1)と、抵抗R22~R2n及び抵抗R41~R4(n-1)が損傷したとしても、当該損傷した抵抗が関連するトランジスタ対を構成するトランジスタによる駆動制御ができなくなるだけで、他のトランジスタによる駆動制御は可能である。 Thus, according to the LED drive circuit 50, the number of resistors connected to the transistors TR1 to TRn can be reduced as compared with the LED drive circuit 40. Even if any of the resistors R 11 to R 1 (n−1) , the resistors R 22 to R 2n and the resistors R 41 to R 4 (n−1) are damaged, the transistor to which the damaged resistors are related The drive control by other transistors is possible only by the drive control by the transistors constituting the pair becoming impossible.
[その他の構成例]
 図1のLED駆動回路10では、オペアンプOP1の基準電圧用のバッテリーが設けられているが、交流入力の整流回路から基準電圧を生成する構成としても良い。この場合、基準電圧用のバッテリーを設ける必要がないというメリットがある。
[Other configuration examples]
In the LED drive circuit 10 of FIG. 1, a battery for the reference voltage of the operational amplifier OP1 is provided. However, a configuration in which a reference voltage is generated from an AC input rectifier circuit may be used. In this case, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to provide a reference voltage battery.
 図1のLED駆動回路10では、バイポーラトランジスタを用いる構成となっているが、電界効果トランジスタ(MOSトランジスタ等)を用いてもよい。この場合、トランジスタの第1端子であるコレクタ端子の代わりにMOSトランジスタのドレイン端子を接続し、トランジスタの第2端子であるエミッタ端子の代わりにMOSトランジスタのソース端子を接続し、トランジスタの制御端子であるベース端子の代わりにMOSトランジスタのゲート端子を接続すればよい。また、MOSトランジスタを用いたLED駆動回路における各抵抗値を算出するためには、各トランジスタの電圧VBEをゲート-ソース電圧VGSとして数値を計算すればよい。図1のLED駆動回路10において、MOSトランジスタを用いる場合には、ベース抵抗R31~R33は省略されても良い。 In the LED driving circuit 10 of FIG. 1, a bipolar transistor is used, but a field effect transistor (such as a MOS transistor) may be used. In this case, the drain terminal of the MOS transistor is connected instead of the collector terminal which is the first terminal of the transistor, the source terminal of the MOS transistor is connected instead of the emitter terminal which is the second terminal of the transistor, and the control terminal of the transistor What is necessary is just to connect the gate terminal of a MOS transistor instead of a certain base terminal. Further, in order to calculate each resistance value in the LED drive circuit using the MOS transistor, a numerical value may be calculated with the voltage V BE of each transistor as the gate-source voltage V GS . In the LED drive circuit 10 of FIG. 1, when MOS transistors are used, the base resistors R 31 to R 33 may be omitted.
 図8のLED駆動回路50では、二つのトランジスタ毎に、それぞれ抵抗R11~R1(n-1),抵抗R22~R2n及び抵抗R41~R4(n-1)、(nは偶数)を設けているが、これに限らず、例えば三個等の所定数のトランジスタ毎にこれらの抵抗を設けるようにしてもよい。つまり、さらなる変形例においては、一つのグループに含まれるトランジスタ数が三個以上であってもよい。この場合、各グループにおいて、グループに属するトランジスタ数と同数の抵抗からなる直列抵抗が用意され、その直列抵抗が有する複数の接続点のそれぞれに各トランジスタのエミッタ端子が接続される。なお、一つのLED駆動回路に含まれる複数のグループは、それぞれのグループに属するトランジスタ数が同数となるようにグループを形成してもよいし、それぞれのグループ属するトランジスタ数が異なる数となるようにグループを形成してもよい。また、図7の抵抗R21~R2nとR11~R1nの接続方法を組み合わせても良い。 In the LED drive circuit 50 shown in FIG. 8, resistors R 11 to R 1 (n−1) , resistors R 22 to R 2n and resistors R 41 to R 4 (n−1) , (n However, the present invention is not limited to this, and these resistors may be provided for every predetermined number of transistors such as three. That is, in a further modification, the number of transistors included in one group may be three or more. In this case, in each group, a series resistor having the same number of resistors as the number of transistors belonging to the group is prepared, and an emitter terminal of each transistor is connected to each of a plurality of connection points of the series resistor. A plurality of groups included in one LED drive circuit may be formed so that the number of transistors belonging to each group is the same, or the number of transistors belonging to each group may be different. Groups may be formed. Further, the connection methods of the resistors R 21 to R 2n and R 11 to R 1n in FIG. 7 may be combined.
 また、上述の実施の形態では、LED駆動回路を構成する負帰還増幅回路に正相増幅回路を用いるものとして説明を行なったが、負帰還増幅回路に反転増幅回路を用いても、あるいは差動増幅回路を用いても同様の効果を得ることができる。 In the above-described embodiment, the negative feedback amplifier circuit constituting the LED drive circuit has been described as using a positive phase amplifier circuit. However, an inverting amplifier circuit may be used as the negative feedback amplifier circuit, or a differential feedback amplifier circuit may be used. Even if an amplifier circuit is used, the same effect can be obtained.
 上述の実施の形態では、分圧抵抗を用いて各トランジスタの制御端子(ベースまたはゲート)に異なる電圧を印加することとした。さらなる変形例においては、分圧抵抗とは異なる構成により、駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの制御端子にオペアンプの出力電圧に応じた制御信号が供給されるようにしてもよい。例えば、ダイオードの順方向降下電圧やトランジスタのベース・エミッタ間電圧を利用したレベルシフタを用いて、各トランジスタの制御端子にかかる電圧を制御してもよい。また、分圧抵抗とレベルシフタを組み合わせることにより、各トランジスタへの制御信号を調整してもよい。 In the above-described embodiment, a different voltage is applied to the control terminal (base or gate) of each transistor using a voltage dividing resistor. In a further modification, a control signal corresponding to the output voltage of the operational amplifier may be supplied to each control terminal of the driving transistor by a configuration different from the voltage dividing resistor. For example, the voltage applied to the control terminal of each transistor may be controlled using a level shifter that utilizes the forward drop voltage of the diode or the base-emitter voltage of the transistor. Further, a control signal to each transistor may be adjusted by combining a voltage dividing resistor and a level shifter.
 10,40,50  LED駆動回路
 FR1 全波整流器
 15  LED列
 TR1~TRn トランジスタ
 R~R   分圧抵抗
 R10 抵抗
 R21~R2n 電流検出器(抵抗)
 R31~R3n ベース抵抗
 R41~R4(n-1) 電流検出器(抵抗)
 OP1  オペアンプ
 Vref 基準電圧
10, 40, 50 LED driving circuit FR1 full-wave rectifier 15 LED rows TR1 ~ TRn transistors R 1 ~ R n dividing resistor R 10 resistors R 21 ~ R 2n current detector (resistance)
R 31 to R 3n base resistance R 41 to R 4 (n-1) current detector (resistance)
OP1 operational amplifier V ref reference voltage

Claims (8)

  1.  直列接続された複数のLEDを有するLEDユニットを駆動するLED駆動回路であって、
     交流入力を整流する整流器と、
     オペアンプと、該オペアンプの出力段に接続された複数の駆動用トランジスタと、前記複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの電流経路上に設けられた電流検出器としての複数の抵抗とを有し、前記複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの制御端子に前記オペアンプの出力に応じた制御信号が供給されるように構成される定電流回路と、を備え、
     前記整流器の出力が前記LEDユニットの一端に接続され、前記複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの第1端子が前記LEDユニットにおける異なるLED段数の接続ポイントに接続され、前記複数の抵抗のそれぞれが対応する駆動用トランジスタの第2端子に接続されており、
     前記交流入力の電圧に応じて前記複数の駆動用トランジスタが順に定電流を生成して前記LEDユニットを選択的に駆動すると共に、選択的に駆動される前記LEDユニットを流れる電流が前記交流入力の電圧に応じて変動するように構成される、ことを特徴とするLED駆動回路。
    An LED driving circuit for driving an LED unit having a plurality of LEDs connected in series,
    A rectifier that rectifies the AC input;
    An operational amplifier, a plurality of driving transistors connected to an output stage of the operational amplifier, and a plurality of resistors as current detectors provided on respective current paths of the plurality of driving transistors. A constant current circuit configured such that a control signal corresponding to the output of the operational amplifier is supplied to each control terminal of the driving transistor.
    An output of the rectifier is connected to one end of the LED unit, a first terminal of each of the plurality of driving transistors is connected to a connection point of a different number of LED stages in the LED unit, and each of the plurality of resistors corresponds. Connected to the second terminal of the driving transistor;
    The plurality of driving transistors sequentially generate a constant current according to the voltage of the AC input to selectively drive the LED unit, and a current flowing through the LED unit that is selectively driven is a current of the AC input. An LED driving circuit configured to vary according to a voltage.
  2.  直列接続された複数のLEDを有するLEDユニットを駆動するLED駆動回路であって、
     交流入力を整流する整流器と、
     オペアンプと、該オペアンプの出力段に接続された複数の駆動用トランジスタと、前記複数の駆動用トランジスタの電流経路上に設けられた電流検出器としての複数の抵抗とを有し、前記複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの制御端子に前記オペアンプの出力に応じた制御信号が供給されるように構成される定電流回路と、を備え、
     前記整流器の出力が前記LEDユニットの一端に接続され、前記複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの第1端子が前記LEDユニットにおける異なるLED段数の接続ポイントに接続されており、
     前記複数の駆動用トランジスタおよび前記複数の抵抗は複数のグループに分割され、各グループにおいて、該グループに属する複数の抵抗は直列抵抗を形成し、該グループに属する複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの第2端子は前記直列抵抗が有する複数の接続点のそれぞれに接続されており、
     前記交流入力の電圧に応じて前記複数の駆動用トランジスタが順に定電流を生成して前記LEDユニットを選択的に駆動すると共に、選択的に駆動される前記LEDユニットを流れる電流が前記交流入力の電圧に応じて変動するように構成される、ことを特徴とするLED駆動回路。
    An LED driving circuit for driving an LED unit having a plurality of LEDs connected in series,
    A rectifier that rectifies the AC input;
    An operational amplifier; a plurality of driving transistors connected to an output stage of the operational amplifier; and a plurality of resistors as current detectors provided on a current path of the plurality of driving transistors. A constant current circuit configured to supply a control signal according to the output of the operational amplifier to each control terminal of the transistor for operation,
    An output of the rectifier is connected to one end of the LED unit, and a first terminal of each of the plurality of driving transistors is connected to a connection point of a different number of LED stages in the LED unit;
    The plurality of driving transistors and the plurality of resistors are divided into a plurality of groups, and in each group, the plurality of resistors belonging to the group form a series resistor, and each of the plurality of driving transistors belonging to the group Two terminals are connected to each of a plurality of connection points of the series resistor,
    The plurality of driving transistors sequentially generate a constant current according to the voltage of the AC input to selectively drive the LED unit, and a current flowing through the LED unit that is selectively driven is a current of the AC input. An LED driving circuit configured to vary according to a voltage.
  3.  前記複数の駆動用トランジスタの各々はバイポーラトランジスタであり、前記第1端子は前記バイポーラトランジスタのコレクタ端子であり、前記第2端子は前記バイポーラトランジスタのエミッタ端子である、ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のLED駆動回路。 2. Each of the plurality of driving transistors is a bipolar transistor, the first terminal is a collector terminal of the bipolar transistor, and the second terminal is an emitter terminal of the bipolar transistor. Or the LED drive circuit of 2.
  4.  前記制御端子は前記バイポーラトランジスタのベース端子であり、前記複数のバイポーラトランジスタのそれぞれのベース端子にベース抵抗が配置される、ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のLED駆動回路。 4. The LED drive circuit according to claim 3, wherein the control terminal is a base terminal of the bipolar transistor, and a base resistor is disposed at each base terminal of the plurality of bipolar transistors.
  5.  前記複数の駆動用トランジスタのそれぞれの制御端子は、分圧抵抗を介して前記オペアンプの出力段に接続されることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のLED駆動回路。 5. The LED driving circuit according to claim 1, wherein each control terminal of the plurality of driving transistors is connected to an output stage of the operational amplifier via a voltage dividing resistor. 6. .
  6.  前記複数の駆動用トランジスタがTR1,TR2,TR3の3個で構成された場合において、
     トランジスタTR1,TR2,TR3の特性を略同一のものとし、前記分圧抵抗をR,R,Rとし、前記電流検出器としての抵抗をR21,R22,R23とし、前記トランジスタTR1のベース・エミッタ間電圧をVBE1とし、前記トランジスタTR2のベース・エミッタ間電圧をVBE2とし、前記トランジスタTR3のベース・エミッタ間電圧をVBE3とし、前記トランジスタがオン状態となるときのベース・エミッタ間電圧とオフ状態となるときのベース・エミッタ間電圧との電圧差をΔVBEとし、ベース抵抗をR31,R32,R33とし、前記オペアンプOP1と前記トランジスタTR1~TR3とが形成する負帰還回路は、抵抗R10,R11~R13より成り、前記分圧抵抗Rに流れる電流をIとし、前記トランジスタTR1のベース電流をIB1、前記トランジスタTR2のベース電流をIB2、前記トランジスタTR3のベース電流をIB3とし、前記トランジスタTR1のエミッタ電流をI、前記トランジスタTR2のエミッタ電流をI、前記トランジスタTR3のエミッタ電流をIとしたとき、さらに前記ベース抵抗R31,R32,R33、前記トランジスタTR1,TR2,TR3は、I≫IB1,I≫IB2,I≫IB3となる(すなわち、ベース電流IB1,IB2,IB3及びベース抵抗とベース電流の積R31・IB1,R32・IB2,R33・IB3が電流Iに影響を及ぼさない程度に小さくなる)ように設計されるものとして、以下の式(1-1)~式(1-3)を満たすように前記分圧抵抗R,R,Rが調整される、ことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のLED駆動回路。
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000002
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000003
     なお、前記分圧抵抗Rは、前記トランジスタTR2がオン状態からオフ状態となるときにR・I-R22・I・≧ΔVBEを満たすように設定され、前記分圧抵抗Rは、前記トランジスタTR3がオン状態からオフ状態となるときにR・I-R23・I≧ΔVBEを満たすように設定されるものとする。
    In the case where the plurality of driving transistors are composed of three transistors TR1, TR2 and TR3,
    Transistors TR1, TR2, TR3 of characteristic assumes substantially the same, the dividing resistors and R 1, R 2, R 3 , the resistance as the current detector and R 21, R 22, R 23 , said transistor the base-emitter voltage of TR1 and V BE1, the base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR2 and V BE2, the base-emitter voltage of the transistor TR3 and V BE3, based upon the transistor is turned on The voltage difference between the emitter-to-emitter voltage and the base-emitter voltage when the transistor is turned off is ΔV BE , the base resistances are R 31 , R 32 , and R 33 , and the operational amplifier OP1 and the transistors TR1 to TR3 are formed. negative feedback circuit which is composed of resistors R 10, R 11 ~ R 13 , current flowing through the dividing resistor R 3 And I 0, the base current of the transistor TR1 I B1, the base current of the transistor TR2 and I B2, the base current of the transistor TR3 and I B3, the emitter current I 1 of the transistor TR1, the emitter of the transistor TR2 When the current is I 2 and the emitter current of the transistor TR3 is I 3 , the base resistances R 31 , R 32 , R 33 and the transistors TR1, TR2, TR3 are further expressed as I 0 >> I B1 , I 0 >> I B2 , I 0 >> I B3 (that is, the base currents I B1 , I B2 , I B3 and the products of the base resistance and the base current R 31 · I B1 , R 32 · I B2 , R 33 · I B3 become the current I as the degree to decrease) as those designed not to affect the 0, the following equation (1-1) to formula Said to meet 1-3) dividing resistors R 1, R 2, R 3 are adjusted, LED drive circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that.
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000002
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000003
    The voltage dividing resistor R 2 is set so as to satisfy R 2 · I 0 -R 22 · I 2 · ≧ ΔV BE when the transistor TR2 is turned off. 1 is set so as to satisfy R 1 · I 0 −R 23 · I 3 ≧ ΔV BE when the transistor TR3 is turned off.
  7.  前記複数の駆動用トランジスタがTR1,TR2,TR3,・・・,TRnのn個で構成された場合において、
     トランジスタTR1,TR2,TR3,・・・,TRnの特性を略同一のものとし、前記分圧抵抗をR1,R2,R3,・・・,Rnとし、前記電流検出器としての抵抗をR21,R22,・・・,R2nとし、前記トランジスタTR1から前記トランジスタTRnまでの各トランジスタのベース・エミッタ間電圧をVBEi(ただし、i=1~nまでの自然数)とし、各トランジスタについて該トランジスタがオン状態となるときのベース・エミッタ間電圧とオフ状態となるときのベース・エミッタ間電圧との電圧差をΔVBEiとし、ベース抵抗をR31,R32,・・・,R3nとし、前記オペアンプOP1と前記トランジスタTR1~TRnとが形成する負帰還回路は、抵抗R10とR11~R1nで構成され、前記分圧抵抗Rに流れる電流をIとし、前記トランジスタTR1から前記トランジスタTRnまでの各トランジスタのベース電流をIBi(ただし、i=1~nまでの自然数)とし、前記トランジスタTR1から前記トランジスタTRnまでの各トランジスタのエミッタ電流をI(ただし、i=1~nまでの自然数)としたとき、さらに前記ベース抵抗R31,R32,・・・,R3n、前記トランジスタTR1,TR2,TR3,・・・,TRnは、I≫IBi(ただし、i=1~nまでの自然数)となる(すなわち、ベース電流IBiとベース抵抗及びベース電流の積R3i・IBiが共にIに影響を及ぼさない程度に小さくなる)ように設計されるものとして、次の式(2-1)~式(2-n)を満たすように前記分圧抵抗R,R,R,・・・,Rが調整されたことを特徴とする請求項5に記載のLED駆動回路。
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000004
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000005
       ・
       ・
       ・
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000006
     なお、前記分圧抵抗R(n+1-i)(ただし、i=2~nまでの自然数)は、前記トランジスタTRiがオン状態からオフ状態となるときにR(n+1-i)・I-R2i・I≧ΔVBEiを満たすように設定されるものとする。
    In the case where the plurality of driving transistors are composed of n transistors TR1, TR2, TR3,.
    Transistors TR1, TR2, TR3,..., TRn have substantially the same characteristics, the voltage dividing resistors are R1, R2, R3,..., Rn, and the resistance as the current detector is R 21 , R 22 ,..., R 2n, and the base-emitter voltage of each transistor from the transistor TR1 to the transistor TRn is V BEi (where i is a natural number from 1 to n). The voltage difference between the base-emitter voltage when the transistor is turned on and the base-emitter voltage when the transistor is turned off is ΔV BEi , and the base resistances are R 31 , R 32 ,..., R 3n , negative feedback circuit and said operational amplifier OP1 and the transistor TR1 ~ TRn form is composed of a resistor R 10 and R 11 ~ R 1n, the partial pressure The current flowing through the resistor R n is I 0 , the base current of each transistor from the transistor TR1 to the transistor TRn is I Bi (where i = 1 to n is a natural number), and the transistor TR1 to the transistor TRn the emitter current of the transistor I i (however, i = 1 a natural number up to ~ n) when the further the base resistance R 31, R 32, ···, R 3n, the transistors TR1, TR2, TR3, .., TRn satisfy I i >> I Bi (where i = 1 to n is a natural number) (that is, the products R 3i and I Bi of the base current I Bi and the base resistance and the base current are both I 0. Is designed to satisfy the following expressions (2-1) to (2-n). Resistors R 1, R 2, R 3 , ···, LED drive circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that R n is adjusted.
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000004
    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000005



    Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000006
    The voltage dividing resistor R (n + 1-i) (where i = 2 to n is a natural number) is R (n + 1-i) · I 0 -R when the transistor TRi is turned off. 2i · I i ≧ ΔV BEi is set to be satisfied.
  8.  前記複数の駆動用トランジスタの各々は電界効果トランジスタであり、前記第1端子は前記電界効果トランジスタのドレイン端子であり、前記第2端子は前記電界効果トランジスタのソース端子であり、前記制御端子は前記電界効果トランジスタのゲート端子である、ことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のLED駆動回路。 Each of the plurality of driving transistors is a field effect transistor, the first terminal is a drain terminal of the field effect transistor, the second terminal is a source terminal of the field effect transistor, and the control terminal is the The LED drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein the LED drive circuit is a gate terminal of a field effect transistor.
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