WO2015068463A1 - Method for joining different materials - Google Patents

Method for joining different materials Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015068463A1
WO2015068463A1 PCT/JP2014/073939 JP2014073939W WO2015068463A1 WO 2015068463 A1 WO2015068463 A1 WO 2015068463A1 JP 2014073939 W JP2014073939 W JP 2014073939W WO 2015068463 A1 WO2015068463 A1 WO 2015068463A1
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Prior art keywords
shoulder portion
gap
joining
probe
soft
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PCT/JP2014/073939
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
智行 藤田
利明 安井
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武蔵精密工業株式会社
国立大学法人豊橋技術科学大学
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Publication of WO2015068463A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015068463A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B23K20/227—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer
    • B23K20/2275—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded with ferrous layer the other layer being aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123—Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dissimilar material joining method using a friction stir welding method.
  • a joining method for joining two members As a joining method for joining two members, a wide variety of techniques such as a welding method, a brazing method, and a diffusion joining method have been put into practical use. Various technologies include special welding methods called friction stir welding methods.
  • a joining method for joining aluminum to copper is called a dissimilar material joining method. It is known to apply a friction stir welding method to this dissimilar material joining method (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view for explaining a conventional friction stir welding method disclosed in Patent Document 1, in which a low melting point material 102 is abutted against a high melting point material 101, and a mating surface 103 is joined by a joining tool 110. .
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional friction stir welding method disclosed in Patent Document 1, and a welding tool 110 includes a main body 111 and a probe 112 that protrudes from the main body 111 in the axial direction. Yes.
  • the probe 112 has a smaller diameter than the main body 111.
  • the end surface on the probe 112 side of the main body 111 is an annular surface. This annular surface is called a shoulder portion 113.
  • the main body 111 and the probe 112 are rotated at high speed.
  • the high melting point material 101 and the low melting point material 102 are stationary.
  • frictional heat is generated between the high melting point material 101 and the low melting point material, and the main body 102 and the probe 112. This frictional heat softens and activates part of the high melting point material 101 and the low melting point material 102. It joins from this softening and activation.
  • a gas such as air may be caught in the softened fluid material 104. This gas remains in the fluid material 104 in the form of bubbles when left unattended. Residual gas causes bonding defects.
  • the shoulder portion 113 is configured to rise forward and rearward, and the fluid material 104 is crushed by the shoulder portion 113 that moves forward. By this crushing, the joining portion can be densified while the gas is expelled.
  • the probe 112 and the shoulder portion 113 are in contact with the high melting point material 101 and the low melting point material 102.
  • the high melting point material 101 is an iron-based material
  • the iron-based material is hard, so that a large load torque is applied to the welding tool 110 and a large amount of frictional heat is generated.
  • the life of the joining tool 110 is remarkably shortened, and the procurement cost and replacement work cost of the tool increase.
  • This invention makes it a subject to provide the dissimilar material joining method which can prolong the lifetime of a joining tool and can aim at the soundness of a junction part.
  • a joining tool including a shoulder portion and a probe protruding from the shoulder portion is used, a soft material having a melting point lower than that of the hard material is abutted against the hard material, and friction stir welding is performed.
  • a dissimilar material joining method is provided in which the friction stir welding method is performed in a state where a gap is maintained between the shoulder portion and the hard material and a gap is maintained between the shoulder portion and the soft material.
  • the gap is preferably set in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 mm.
  • a groove for collecting the fluid material interposed in the gap at the center of rotation is formed in the shoulder portion.
  • the hard material is an iron-based material and the soft material is an aluminum-based material.
  • the friction stir welding method is performed in a state where a gap is maintained between the shoulder portion and the soft / hard material.
  • the shoulder portion contacts the fluid material (soft material), but does not contact the material before flowing. Since there is no contact, the load torque applied to the welding tool is reduced, and the life of the welding tool can be greatly extended.
  • the gap is 0.05 to 1.0 mm. If the gap is less than 0.05 mm, the place where the fluid material flows becomes too small, and the load torque applied to the welding tool increases. On the other hand, if the gap exceeds 1.0 mm, the fluid material is less likely to hit the shoulder portion, the stirring action by the shoulder portion is reduced, and gas discharge becomes insufficient. Therefore, the gap is set to 0.05 to 1.0 mm.
  • the shoulder portion is provided with a groove for collecting the fluid material at the rotation center.
  • the hard material is an iron-based material
  • the soft material is an aluminum-based material. It is possible to manufacture a dissimilar material part in which an iron-based material is disposed at a site where strength is required and an aluminum-based material is disposed at a site where strength is not required. This dissimilar material part is suitable for automobile parts.
  • FIG. 2 is a view taken along arrow 2-2 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a view on arrow 4-4 in FIG. 1. It is a figure which shows the example of a change of a shoulder part. It is a top view explaining the conventional friction stir welding method. It is sectional drawing explaining the conventional friction stir welding method.
  • the joining tool 10 includes a columnar main body 11 and a probe 12 protruding from the main body 11.
  • the probe 12 is sufficiently smaller in diameter than the main body 11.
  • An end face on the probe 12 side of the main body 11 is an annular shoulder portion 13. Hence, the probe 12 protrudes from the shoulder portion 13.
  • the soft material 22 is abutted against the hard material 21.
  • the horizontal position of the probe 12 is determined so that the probe 12 bites into the hard material 21 from the mating surface 23 by a distance ⁇ .
  • the height position of the joining tool 10 is determined so that a gap c can be secured between the upper surfaces of the hard material 21 and the soft material 22 and the shoulder portion 13.
  • the distance ⁇ is, for example, 0.05 mm
  • the gap c is, for example, 0.5 mm.
  • the hard material 21 is, for example, an iron-based material.
  • the iron-based material may have any composition as long as the main component is Fe.
  • S45C a carbon steel material for machine structure defined by JIS G 4051
  • the soft material 22 may be of any type as long as it has a lower melting point than the hard material 21.
  • the soft material 22 is, for example, an aluminum material, the main component may be Al, and the composition is arbitrary. Examples of the aluminum-based material include ADC12 (12 types of aluminum alloy die castings defined by JIS H 5302) and A6061 (JIS H 4040 aluminum alloy rod).
  • Vehicle parts are required to have rigidity (strength and the like) that can withstand road surface reaction force and deformation of the vehicle body.
  • rigidity stress and the like
  • the weight reduction of the vehicle is required, and the weight reduction of the vehicle parts is required. Therefore, in a vehicle component, an iron-based material is disposed at a portion where strength is required, and a light aluminum-based material is disposed at a portion where relatively high strength is not required. Thereby, securing of strength and weight reduction can be achieved. Therefore, this invention is suitable for the joining method of vehicle components.
  • the probe 12 made of WC-Co is recommended.
  • the dimensions of the joining tool 10 are determined by the target material. For example, the outer diameter of the main body 11 is set to 20 mm, and the outer diameter of the probe 12 is set to 5 mm.
  • the probe 12 is advanced along the mating surface 23 as indicated by an arrow while rotating at a high speed. As a result, a bead 24 is generated behind the probe 12. As shown in FIG. 3, the probe 12 is advanced at a speed of 220 mm / min while rotating at a speed of 1500 times / min, for example. Frictional heat is generated between the probe 12 and the soft material 22. With this frictional heat, the soft material 22 is heated to a temperature below the melting point.
  • the soft material 22 becomes soft and easily flows. That is, a part of the soft material 22 becomes the fluid material 25. Since the fluid material 25 is pushed by the probe 12, the fluid material 25 swells toward the shoulder portion 13. The upper end of the fluid material 25 comes into contact with the shoulder portion 13 and is fluidly stirred. Even if a gas (such as ambient air) is mixed into the fluid material 25, the gas is discharged by fluid agitation. After the probe 12 passes, the fluid material 25 is cooled and becomes a bead 24.
  • a gas such as ambient air
  • the size of the gap c is examined.
  • the clearance c is less than 0.05 mm, the place where the fluid material flows becomes too small, and the load torque applied to the joining tool increases.
  • the gap c is more than 1.0 mm, the fluid material 25 is sufficiently accommodated in the gap c, but the fluid material 25 is not sufficiently in contact with the shoulder portion 13. Then, there is a concern that fluid agitation becomes insufficient and gas discharge becomes insufficient. Therefore, it is recommended that the gap c be set to 0.05 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less.
  • the shoulder portion 13 may be a flat surface, but it is recommended to provide a groove described below. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, a spiral groove 27 called a scroll groove or a spiral groove is provided in the shoulder portion 13.
  • a spiral groove 27 called a scroll groove or a spiral groove is provided in the shoulder portion 13.
  • the formation of the spiral groove 27 requires a high level of processing technology and increases the processing cost.
  • FIG. 5A a plurality (eight in this example) of curved grooves 29 are formed in the shoulder portion 13. The processing becomes easier than in FIG. 4, and the processing cost can be reduced.
  • FIG. 5B a plurality (four in this example) of oblique grooves 29 are formed in the shoulder portion 13. The processing becomes easier than in FIG. 5A, and the processing cost can be further reduced.
  • the joining method according to the present invention is suitable for manufacturing vehicle parts, but may be applied to different parts other than vehicle parts.
  • the welding tool 10 is arranged vertically so that the shoulder portion 13 is parallel to the upper surface of the hard material 21 or the soft material 22, but the gap is within 0.05 mm to 1.0 mm. It is possible to slightly tilt the axis of the welding tool 10 depending on the conditions.
  • the present invention is suitable for manufacturing vehicle parts made of different materials.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for joining different materials, the method capable of prolonging the life of a joining tool and achieving soundness of a joined portion. This method for joining different materials using a joining tool (10) provided with a shoulder portion (13) and a probe (12) protruding from the shoulder portion is configured to butt a soft material (22) having a lower melting point than a hard material (21) against the hard material, and implement a friction stir joining method while maintaining a gap (c) between the shoulder portion and the hard material and maintaining a gap between the shoulder portion and the soft material.

Description

異材接合方法Dissimilar material joining method
　本発明は、摩擦撹拌接合法を利用した異材接合方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a dissimilar material joining method using a friction stir welding method.
　２つの部材を接合する接合法として、溶接法、ろう付け法、拡散接合法など多種多様の技術が実用に供されている。多様な技術に、摩擦撹拌接合法と呼ばれる特殊な接合法が含まれる。 As a joining method for joining two members, a wide variety of techniques such as a welding method, a brazing method, and a diffusion joining method have been put into practical use. Various technologies include special welding methods called friction stir welding methods.
　また、例えば銅にアルミニウムを接合する接合法は異材接合法と呼ばれる。この異材接合法に摩擦撹拌接合法を適用することが知られている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 Also, for example, a joining method for joining aluminum to copper is called a dissimilar material joining method. It is known to apply a friction stir welding method to this dissimilar material joining method (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
　図６は、特許文献１に開示されている従来の摩擦撹拌接合法を説明する平面図であり、高融点材料１０１に低融点材料１０２が突合わされ、合わせ面１０３が接合ツール１１０で接合される。 FIG. 6 is a plan view for explaining a conventional friction stir welding method disclosed in Patent Document 1, in which a low melting point material 102 is abutted against a high melting point material 101, and a mating surface 103 is joined by a joining tool 110. .
　図７は、特許文献１に開示されている従来の摩擦撹拌接合法を説明する断面図であり、接合ツール１１０は、本体１１１と、この本体１１１から軸方向に突出するプローブ１１２とを備えている。
　このプローブ１１２は、本体１１１より小径である。本体１１１のプローブ１１２側端面が、環状面となっている。この環状面はショルダー部１１３と呼ばれる。 FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a conventional friction stir welding method disclosed in Patent Document 1, and a welding tool 110 includes a main body 111 and a probe 112 that protrudes from the main body 111 in the axial direction. Yes.
The probe 112 has a smaller diameter than the main body 111. The end surface on the probe 112 side of the main body 111 is an annular surface. This annular surface is called a shoulder portion 113.
　本体１１１及びプローブ１１２が高速で回される。高融点材料１０１及び低融点材料１０２は静止している。すると高融点材料１０１及び低融点材料と、１０２本体１１１及びプローブ１１２との間で摩擦熱が発生する。この摩擦熱で高融点材料１０１及び低融点材料１０２の一部が軟化し、活性化する。この軟化、活性化より接合される。 The main body 111 and the probe 112 are rotated at high speed. The high melting point material 101 and the low melting point material 102 are stationary. Then, frictional heat is generated between the high melting point material 101 and the low melting point material, and the main body 102 and the probe 112. This frictional heat softens and activates part of the high melting point material 101 and the low melting point material 102. It joins from this softening and activation.
　軟化した流動材料１０４に、空気などのガスが巻き込まれることがある。このガスは放置すると気泡の形態で流動材料１０４に残留する。残留ガスは接合欠陥の原因となる。
　特許文献１では、ショルダー部１１３が前上がり、後下がりの形態とされ、前進するショルダー部１１３で流動材料１０４を押し潰す。この押し潰しにより、ガスを追い出しつつ接合部の緻密化を図ることができる。 A gas such as air may be caught in the softened fluid material 104. This gas remains in the fluid material 104 in the form of bubbles when left unattended. Residual gas causes bonding defects.
In Patent Document 1, the shoulder portion 113 is configured to rise forward and rearward, and the fluid material 104 is crushed by the shoulder portion 113 that moves forward. By this crushing, the joining portion can be densified while the gas is expelled.
　ところで、高融点材料１０１や低融点材料１０２に、プローブ１１２やショルダー部１１３が接触する。高融点材料１０１が鉄系材料であれば、鉄系材料は硬いため接合ツール１１０に大きな負荷トルクが加わると共に多量の摩擦熱が発生する。
　結果、接合ツール１１０の寿命が著しく短くなり、工具の調達費用及び交換工事費用が嵩む。 Incidentally, the probe 112 and the shoulder portion 113 are in contact with the high melting point material 101 and the low melting point material 102. If the high melting point material 101 is an iron-based material, the iron-based material is hard, so that a large load torque is applied to the welding tool 110 and a large amount of frictional heat is generated.
As a result, the life of the joining tool 110 is remarkably shortened, and the procurement cost and replacement work cost of the tool increase.
特開２００２－６６７６５公報JP 2002-66765 A
　本発明は、接合ツールの寿命を延ばすことができると共に接合部の健全化を図ることができる異材接合方法を提供することを課題とする。 This invention makes it a subject to provide the dissimilar material joining method which can prolong the lifetime of a joining tool and can aim at the soundness of a junction part.
　請求項１に係る発明によれば、ショルダー部を備えると共にこのショルダー部から突出するプローブを備える接合ツールを用い、硬質材に該硬質材よりも融点が低い軟質材を突合わせて、摩擦撹拌接合法により接合する異材接合方法において、
　前記ショルダー部と前記硬質材の間に隙間を保つと共に前記ショルダー部と前記軟質材の間に隙間を保った状態で前記摩擦撹拌接合法を実施する異材接合方法が提供される。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, a joining tool including a shoulder portion and a probe protruding from the shoulder portion is used, a soft material having a melting point lower than that of the hard material is abutted against the hard material, and friction stir welding is performed. In dissimilar material joining method that joins by law,
A dissimilar material joining method is provided in which the friction stir welding method is performed in a state where a gap is maintained between the shoulder portion and the hard material and a gap is maintained between the shoulder portion and the soft material.
　請求項２に係る発明では、好ましくは、隙間を、０．０５～１．０ｍｍの範囲に設定する。 In the invention according to claim 2, the gap is preferably set in the range of 0.05 to 1.0 mm.
　請求項３に係る発明では、好ましくは、隙間に介在する流動材料を回転中心に集める溝が、ショルダー部に形成されている。 In the invention according to claim 3, preferably, a groove for collecting the fluid material interposed in the gap at the center of rotation is formed in the shoulder portion.
　請求項４に係る発明では、好ましくは、硬質材は鉄系材料であり、軟質材はアルミニウム系材料である。 In the invention according to claim 4, preferably, the hard material is an iron-based material and the soft material is an aluminum-based material.
　請求項１に係る発明では、ショルダー部と軟・硬質材の間に隙間を保った状態で摩擦撹拌接合法を実施する。ショルダー部は流動材料（軟質材）とは接触するものの、流動前の材料には接触しない。接触しないので、接合ツールに加わる負荷トルクは小さくなり、接合ツールの寿命を大幅に延ばすことができる。また、ショルダー部と硬質材との間に隙間がある。ショルダー部直下では、軟質材が隙間を通って流動する。軟質材は硬質材に遮られることなく流動するため、軟質材の撹拌量が大きくなり、健全な接合部が得られる。 In the invention according to claim 1, the friction stir welding method is performed in a state where a gap is maintained between the shoulder portion and the soft / hard material. The shoulder portion contacts the fluid material (soft material), but does not contact the material before flowing. Since there is no contact, the load torque applied to the welding tool is reduced, and the life of the welding tool can be greatly extended. There is a gap between the shoulder portion and the hard material. Just below the shoulder, the soft material flows through the gap. Since the soft material flows without being blocked by the hard material, the amount of stirring of the soft material is increased, and a sound joint portion is obtained.
　請求項２に係る発明では、隙間は、０．０５～１．０ｍｍである。
　隙間が０．０５ｍｍ未満では流動材料の流れる場所が過小になり、接合ツールに加わる負荷トルクが増大する。また、隙間が１．０ｍｍを超えると、流動材料がショルダー部に当たりにくくなり、ショルダー部による撹拌作用が低下し、ガスの排出も不十分になる。よって、隙間は、０．０５～１．０ｍｍとする。 In the invention according to claim 2, the gap is 0.05 to 1.0 mm.
If the gap is less than 0.05 mm, the place where the fluid material flows becomes too small, and the load torque applied to the welding tool increases. On the other hand, if the gap exceeds 1.0 mm, the fluid material is less likely to hit the shoulder portion, the stirring action by the shoulder portion is reduced, and gas discharge becomes insufficient. Therefore, the gap is set to 0.05 to 1.0 mm.
　請求項３に係る発明では、ショルダー部に、流動材料を回転中心に集める溝が設けられている。流動材料を中央に集める形状にすることで、攪拌作用が増加し、ガスの排出が促される。加えて接合界面及びその付近に大きな流動を造りだし、接合界面の酸化膜を破壊することができる。酸化膜が破壊されると新生面が現れる。結果、酸化物が含まれない健全な接合状態が得られる。 In the invention according to claim 3, the shoulder portion is provided with a groove for collecting the fluid material at the rotation center. By making the fluid material into a shape that collects it in the center, the agitation action is increased and gas discharge is promoted. In addition, a large flow can be created at and near the bonding interface, and the oxide film at the bonding interface can be destroyed. When the oxide film is destroyed, a new surface appears. As a result, a healthy bonded state containing no oxide is obtained.
　請求項４に係る発明では、硬質材は鉄系材料であり、軟質材はアルミニウム系材料である。強度が要求される部位に鉄系材料を配置し、強度が要求されない部位にアルミニウム系材料を配置した異材部品を製造することができる。この異材部品は自動車部品に好適である。 In the invention according to claim 4, the hard material is an iron-based material, and the soft material is an aluminum-based material. It is possible to manufacture a dissimilar material part in which an iron-based material is disposed at a site where strength is required and an aluminum-based material is disposed at a site where strength is not required. This dissimilar material part is suitable for automobile parts.
本発明に係る接合ツールの形状を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the shape of the joining tool which concerns on this invention. 図１の２－２矢視図である。FIG. 2 is a view taken along arrow 2-2 in FIG. 1. 図２の３－３線断面図である。FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 3-3 in FIG. 2. 図１の４－４矢視図である。FIG. 4 is a view on arrow 4-4 in FIG. 1. ショルダー部の変更例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of a change of a shoulder part. 従来の摩擦撹拌接合法を説明する平面図である。It is a top view explaining the conventional friction stir welding method. 従来の摩擦撹拌接合法を説明する断面図である。It is sectional drawing explaining the conventional friction stir welding method.
　以下、本発明の好ましい実施例を、添付図面を参照して詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
　図１に示されるように、接合ツール１０は、円柱状の本体１１と、この本体１１から突出するプローブ１２とを備えている。プローブ１２は本体１１より十分に小径である。本体１１のプローブ１２側の端面が、円環状のショルダー部１３となっている。見かけ上、ショルダー部１３からプローブ１２が突出している。 As shown in FIG. 1, the joining tool 10 includes a columnar main body 11 and a probe 12 protruding from the main body 11. The probe 12 is sufficiently smaller in diameter than the main body 11. An end face on the probe 12 side of the main body 11 is an annular shoulder portion 13. Apparently, the probe 12 protrudes from the shoulder portion 13.
　硬質材２１に軟質材２２を突合わせる。プローブ１２は、合わせ面２３から硬質材２１へ距離δだけ食い込むように、水平位置が定められている。
　また、硬質材２１及び軟質材２２の上面とショルダー部１３との間に隙間ｃが確保できるように、接合ツール１０の高さ位置が定められている。距離δは例えば０．０５ｍｍであり、隙間ｃは例えば０．５ｍｍである。 The soft material 22 is abutted against the hard material 21. The horizontal position of the probe 12 is determined so that the probe 12 bites into the hard material 21 from the mating surface 23 by a distance δ.
Further, the height position of the joining tool 10 is determined so that a gap c can be secured between the upper surfaces of the hard material 21 and the soft material 22 and the shoulder portion 13. The distance δ is, for example, 0.05 mm, and the gap c is, for example, 0.5 mm.
　硬質材２１は、例えば、鉄系材料である。鉄系材料は、主成分がＦｅであればよく、組成は任意である。鉄系材料の一例として、Ｓ４５Ｃ（ＪＩＳ　Ｇ　４０５１で規定される機械構造用炭素鋼鋼材）が挙げられる。
　軟質材２２は、硬質材２１より融点が低い材料であれば、種類は問わない。軟質材２２は、例えば、アルミニウム系材料であり、主成分がＡｌであればよく、組成は任意である。アルミニウム系材料の例として、ＡＤＣ１２（ＪＩＳ　Ｈ　５３０２で規定されるアルミニウム合金ダイカスト１２種）、Ａ６０６１（ＪＩＳ　Ｈ　４０４０アルミニウム合金棒）が挙げられる。 The hard material 21 is, for example, an iron-based material. The iron-based material may have any composition as long as the main component is Fe. As an example of the iron-based material, S45C (a carbon steel material for machine structure defined by JIS G 4051) can be given.
The soft material 22 may be of any type as long as it has a lower melting point than the hard material 21. The soft material 22 is, for example, an aluminum material, the main component may be Al, and the composition is arbitrary. Examples of the aluminum-based material include ADC12 (12 types of aluminum alloy die castings defined by JIS H 5302) and A6061 (JIS H 4040 aluminum alloy rod).
　車両部品は、路面反力や車体の変形に耐えるような剛性（強度など）が要求される。一方、省エネルギーの観点から車両の軽量化が求められ、車両部品の軽量化が求められる。
　そこで、車両部品において、強度が要求される部位に鉄系材料を配置し、比較的強度が要求されない部位に軽量なアルミニウム系材料を配置する。これにより、強度確保と軽量化とが達成できる。よって、本発明は、車両部品の接合方法に好適である。 Vehicle parts are required to have rigidity (strength and the like) that can withstand road surface reaction force and deformation of the vehicle body. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of energy saving, the weight reduction of the vehicle is required, and the weight reduction of the vehicle parts is required.
Therefore, in a vehicle component, an iron-based material is disposed at a portion where strength is required, and a light aluminum-based material is disposed at a portion where relatively high strength is not required. Thereby, securing of strength and weight reduction can be achieved. Therefore, this invention is suitable for the joining method of vehicle components.
　硬質材２１がＳ４５Ｃで、軟質材２２がＡ６０６１又はＡＤＣ１２の場合、ＷＣ－Ｃｏ製のプローブ１２が推奨される。接合ツール１０の寸法は、対象材料により決定されるが、例えば本体１１の外径が２０ｍｍで、プローブ１２の外径が５ｍｍに設定される。 When the hard material 21 is S45C and the soft material 22 is A6061 or ADC12, the probe 12 made of WC-Co is recommended. The dimensions of the joining tool 10 are determined by the target material. For example, the outer diameter of the main body 11 is set to 20 mm, and the outer diameter of the probe 12 is set to 5 mm.
　図２に示されるように、プローブ１２を高速で回しながら、矢印のように合わせ面２３に沿って前進させる。結果、プローブ１２の後方にビード２４が生成される。
　図３に示されるように、プローブ１２を、例えば毎分１５００回の速度で回転させつつ、毎分２２０ｍｍの速度で前進させる。プローブ１２と軟質材２２との間で摩擦熱が発生する。この摩擦熱で軟質材２２は融点未満の温度まで加熱される。 As shown in FIG. 2, the probe 12 is advanced along the mating surface 23 as indicated by an arrow while rotating at a high speed. As a result, a bead 24 is generated behind the probe 12.
As shown in FIG. 3, the probe 12 is advanced at a speed of 220 mm / min while rotating at a speed of 1500 times / min, for example. Frictional heat is generated between the probe 12 and the soft material 22. With this frictional heat, the soft material 22 is heated to a temperature below the melting point.
　すると、軟質材２２が軟らかくなり、流動し易くなる。すなわち軟質材２２の一部が流動材料２５となる。この流動材料２５がプローブ１２で押されるため、流動材料２５はショルダー部１３側へ盛り上がる。
　流動材料２５の上端がショルダー部１３に接触し、流動撹拌される。仮に、流動材料２５にガス（周囲の空気など）が混入されたとしてもこのガスは流動撹拌により排出される。流動材料２５はプローブ１２が通過した後は、冷却されてビード２４となる。 Then, the soft material 22 becomes soft and easily flows. That is, a part of the soft material 22 becomes the fluid material 25. Since the fluid material 25 is pushed by the probe 12, the fluid material 25 swells toward the shoulder portion 13.
The upper end of the fluid material 25 comes into contact with the shoulder portion 13 and is fluidly stirred. Even if a gas (such as ambient air) is mixed into the fluid material 25, the gas is discharged by fluid agitation. After the probe 12 passes, the fluid material 25 is cooled and becomes a bead 24.
　ここで隙間ｃの大きさを検討する。
　隙間ｃを０．０５ｍｍ未満にすると、流動材料の流れる場所が過小になり、接合ツールに加わる負荷トルクが増大する。
　また、隙間ｃを１．０ｍｍ超にすると、流動材料２５が隙間ｃに十分に収まるものの、流動材料２５が十分にショルダー部１３に接触しなくなる。すると、流動撹拌が不十分となり、ガスの排出が不十分になる心配がある。
　よって、隙間ｃは、０．０５ｍｍ以上で１．０ｍｍ以下に設定することが推奨される。 Here, the size of the gap c is examined.
When the clearance c is less than 0.05 mm, the place where the fluid material flows becomes too small, and the load torque applied to the joining tool increases.
Further, when the gap c is more than 1.0 mm, the fluid material 25 is sufficiently accommodated in the gap c, but the fluid material 25 is not sufficiently in contact with the shoulder portion 13. Then, there is a concern that fluid agitation becomes insufficient and gas discharge becomes insufficient.
Therefore, it is recommended that the gap c be set to 0.05 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less.
　ショルダー部１３は平坦面であっても差し支えないが、次に説明する溝を設けることが推奨される。
　すなわち、図４に示されるように、ショルダー部１３に、スクロール溝やスパイラル溝と呼ばれる渦巻き溝２７を設ける。ショルダー部１３を、図面で反時計回りに回転させると、流動材料が渦巻き溝２７に案内されて中央に集まる。流動材料を中央に集める形状にすることで、接合界面及びその付近に大きな流動を造りだし、接合界面の酸化膜を破壊することができる。酸化膜が破壊されると新生面が現れる。結果、酸化物が含まれない健全な接合状態が得られる。 The shoulder portion 13 may be a flat surface, but it is recommended to provide a groove described below.
That is, as shown in FIG. 4, a spiral groove 27 called a scroll groove or a spiral groove is provided in the shoulder portion 13. When the shoulder portion 13 is rotated counterclockwise in the drawing, the fluid material is guided by the spiral groove 27 and collected in the center. By forming the fluid material into a shape that collects it at the center, a large flow can be created at and near the bonding interface, and the oxide film at the bonding interface can be destroyed. When the oxide film is destroyed, a new surface appears. As a result, a healthy bonded state containing no oxide is obtained.
　ただし、渦巻き溝２７の形成には高度な加工技術が要求され、加工費が嵩む。加工が比較的容易な別の例を図５で説明する。
　図５（ａ）に示されるように、複数（この例では８本）の湾曲溝２９をショルダー部１３に形成する。図４よりは加工が容易になり、加工費用の低減が図れる。
　また、図５（ｂ）に示されるように、複数（この例では４本）の斜め溝２９をショルダー部１３に形成する。図５（ａ）よりは加工が容易になり、加工費用のさらなる低減が図れる。 However, the formation of the spiral groove 27 requires a high level of processing technology and increases the processing cost. Another example that is relatively easy to process will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 5A, a plurality (eight in this example) of curved grooves 29 are formed in the shoulder portion 13. The processing becomes easier than in FIG. 4, and the processing cost can be reduced.
Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, a plurality (four in this example) of oblique grooves 29 are formed in the shoulder portion 13. The processing becomes easier than in FIG. 5A, and the processing cost can be further reduced.
　尚、本発明に係る接合方法は、車両部品の製造に好適であるが、車両部品以外の異材部品に適用することは差し支えない。 The joining method according to the present invention is suitable for manufacturing vehicle parts, but may be applied to different parts other than vehicle parts.
　また、ショルダー部１３が硬質材２１や軟質材２２の上面に平行になるように、接合ツール１０を鉛直に配置することを原則とするが、隙間が０．０５ｍｍ～１．０ｍｍに収まることを条件に接合ツール１０の軸を若干傾けることは差し支えない。 Further, in principle, the welding tool 10 is arranged vertically so that the shoulder portion 13 is parallel to the upper surface of the hard material 21 or the soft material 22, but the gap is within 0.05 mm to 1.0 mm. It is possible to slightly tilt the axis of the welding tool 10 depending on the conditions.
　本発明は、異材からなる車両部品の製造に好適である。 The present invention is suitable for manufacturing vehicle parts made of different materials.
　１０…接合ツール、１１…本体、１２…プローブ、１３…ショルダー部、２１…硬質材、２２…軟質材、２３…合わせ面、２４…ビード、２５…流動材料、２７…中心に集める溝（渦巻き溝）、２８…中心に集める溝（湾曲溝）、２９…中心に集める溝（斜め溝）、ｃ…隙間、δ…距離。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Joining tool, 11 ... Main body, 12 ... Probe, 13 ... Shoulder part, 21 ... Hard material, 22 ... Soft material, 23 ... Mating surface, 24 ... Bead, 25 ... Fluid material, 27 ... Groove collected in the center (vortex) Groove), 28... Groove collected at the center (curved groove), 29... Groove collected at the center (oblique groove), c.

Claims (4)

  1. 　ショルダー部を備えると共にこのショルダー部から突出するプローブを備える接合ツールを用い、硬質材に該硬質材よりも融点が低い軟質材を突合わせて、摩擦撹拌接合法により接合する異材接合方法において、
    　前記ショルダー部と前記硬質材の間に隙間を保つと共に前記ショルダー部と前記軟質材の間に隙間を保った状態で前記摩擦撹拌接合法を実施する異材接合方法。     In a dissimilar material joining method in which a soft material having a melting point lower than that of a hard material is abutted with a hard material using a joining tool including a shoulder portion and a probe protruding from the shoulder portion, and joined by a friction stir welding method,
    The dissimilar material joining method which implements the said friction stir welding method in the state which maintained the clearance gap between the said shoulder part and the said soft material while maintaining the clearance gap between the said shoulder part and the said hard material.
  2. 　前記隙間は、０．０５～１．０ｍｍの範囲に設定する請求項１記載の異材接合方法。 The dissimilar material joining method according to claim 1, wherein the gap is set in a range of 0.05 to 1.0 mm.
  3. 　前記隙間に介在する流動材料を回転中心に集める溝が、前記ショルダー部に形成されている請求項１記載の異材接合方法。 The dissimilar material joining method according to claim 1, wherein a groove for collecting the fluid material interposed in the gap at the center of rotation is formed in the shoulder portion.
  4. 　前記硬質材は鉄系材料であり、前記軟質材はアルミニウム系材料である請求項１記載の異材接合方法。 The dissimilar material joining method according to claim 1, wherein the hard material is an iron-based material and the soft material is an aluminum-based material.
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