WO2015067840A1 - Procédé et agencement de remontée de pression dans un réservoir de gaz contenant un combustible de gaz liquéfié - Google Patents

Procédé et agencement de remontée de pression dans un réservoir de gaz contenant un combustible de gaz liquéfié Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015067840A1
WO2015067840A1 PCT/FI2013/051061 FI2013051061W WO2015067840A1 WO 2015067840 A1 WO2015067840 A1 WO 2015067840A1 FI 2013051061 W FI2013051061 W FI 2013051061W WO 2015067840 A1 WO2015067840 A1 WO 2015067840A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas tank
gas
heating
fuel
heating element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2013/051061
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sören KARLSSON
Original Assignee
Wärtsilä Finland Oy
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Publication date
Application filed by Wärtsilä Finland Oy filed Critical Wärtsilä Finland Oy
Priority to PCT/FI2013/051061 priority Critical patent/WO2015067840A1/fr
Publication of WO2015067840A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015067840A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0111—Boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0355—Insulation thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/035—High pressure (>10 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/041—Stratification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0107—Propulsion of the fluid by pressurising the ullage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0323—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid in a closed loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0327—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating with recovery of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0372—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0374—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0379—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0408—Level of content in the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
    • F17C2250/0491—Parameters measured at or inside the vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships

Definitions

  • the invention concerns in general the technology of using liquefied gas fuel, for example in sea-going vessels.
  • the invention concerns a way in which a suitable overpressure is maintained in a gas tank to ensure that liquefied fuel flows to the fuel distribution and delivery systems in an appropriate way.
  • Natural gas or in general mixtures of hydrocarbons that are volatile enough to make the mixture appear in gaseous form in room temperature, constitutes an advantageous alternative to fuel oil as the fuel of internal combustion engines.
  • the natural gas is typically stored onboard in liquid form, giving rise to the commonly used acronym LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas).
  • LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
  • Natural gas can be kept in liquid form by maintaining its temperature below a boiling point, which is approximately -162 degrees centigrade (-260 degrees Fahrenheit).
  • Natural gas can be also stored for use as fuel by keeping it compressed to a sufficiently high pressure, in which case the acronym CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) is used.
  • CNG Compressed Natural Gas
  • Fig. 1 illustrates schematically the architecture of a known system onboard an LNG-fuelled vessel.
  • An LNG bunkering station 101 is located on the deck and used to fill up the system with LNG.
  • the LNG fuel storage system comprises one or more thermally insulated gas tanks 102 for storing the LNG in liquid form, and the so-called tank room 103 where the LNG is controllably evaporated and its distribution to the engine(s) is arranged.
  • Evaporation means a phase change from liquid to gaseous phase, for which reason all subsequent stages should leave the L for liquefied out of the acronym and use only NG (Natural Gas) instead.
  • NG Natural Gas
  • the engine or engines of the vessel are located in an engine room (not shown in fig. 1 ). Each engine has its respective engine-specific fuel input subsystem, which in the case of gaseous fuel is in some sources referred to as the GVU (Gas Valve Unit).
  • the tank room 103 of fig. 1 comprises two evaporators, of which the first evaporator 104 is the so-called PBU (Pressure Build-Up) evaporator used to maintain a sufficient pressure inside the gas tank 102.
  • Hydrostatic pressure at the inlet of a main supply line 105 inside the gas tank 102 is the driving force that makes the LNG flow into the second evaporator 106, which is the MGE or Main Gas Evaporator from which the fuel is distributed in gaseous form towards the engines.
  • a mixture of glycol and water is used to transfer heat from an external source (not shown) to the evaporators.
  • the PBU system maintains the internal pressure of the gas tank 102 at or close to a predetermined value, which is typically between 5 and 10 bars.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates schematically some parts of a PBU system in more detail.
  • Maritime classification regulations stipulate that two barriers must always sepa- rate gas fuel from safe areas.
  • the gas tank 102 has a double wall structure, in which the space 201 between the walls is utilized for thermal insulation.
  • the walls 202 of the tank room 103 constitute a second barrier for all piping and installations inside the tank room 103. All gas pipes that go between the gas tank 102 and the tank room 103 must have a double wall structure such as shown schematically in gas pipe 203.
  • a fuel storage and distribution system for a sea-going vessel in which fuel storage and distribution system the risk of liquefied gas unexpectedly occurring at inappropriate locations is small .
  • a fuel storage and distribution system that has advantageous features from the manufacturing point of view.
  • a method for building up pressure inside the gas tank of a gas-fuelled sea-going vessel which method utilizes the advantageous characteristics mentioned above.
  • a heating element such as a heat exchanger, inside the gas tank can be used for this purpose: when a heating medium circulates through a heat exchanger, it donates heat to the gas fuel by condensing and/or cooling down while it is in- side the heat exchanger. Also other types of heating elements can be used.
  • the gas tank will be partly filled with liquefied gas, while a gaseous phase of the same substance fills the remaining upper portion of the gas tank.
  • the effect of a heating element will be different depending on whether it donates heat to the gaseous or liquid phase of the gas inside the gas tank. Con- trolling of the heating may be easier if the construction of the heating element ensures that it always heats both phases, irrespective of the surface level of the liquid phase. This can be achieved by making the heating element comprise an upper part and a lower part, located in the upper and lower portions of the gas tank respectively.
  • a channel that only contains heating medium is inherently safer in case of mechanical failure than a pipe that contains liquefied gas, because the amount of heating medium that circulates in the pressure build-up system is very much smaller than the amount of stored liquefied gas.
  • the pressure build-up circulation may safely contain pipe sections outside the gas tank that are below the surface level of the liquefied gas in the gas tank. If bottom-level lead-throughs in the gas tank wall are to be avoided, the channel for the heating medium can be formed so that it penetrates the gas tank wall always at a relatively high level. Reheating the circulated heating medium may take place in an evaporator or heat exchanger that is located close to the gas tank, for example in the tank room or an associated space.
  • a control system is preferably arranged that monitors the pressure and surface level inside the gas tank and controls the operation of the pressure build-up system so that the pressure remains within the desired range.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a prior art LNG fuel distribution architecture
  • fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary pressure build-up system according to prior art
  • fig. 3 illustrates schematically a pressure build-up system according to an embodiment of the invention
  • fig. 4 illustrates schematically a pressure build-up system according to another embodiment of the invention
  • fig. 5 illustrates schematically a pressure build-up system according to another embodiment of the invention
  • fig. 6 illustrates schematically a pressure build-up system according to another embodiment of the invention
  • fig. 7 illustrates schematically a pressure build-up system according to another embodiment of the invention
  • fig. 8 illustrates schematically a pressure build-up system according to another embodiment of the invention
  • fig. 9 illustrates schematically a pressure build-up system according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • fig. 10 illustrates schematically a pressure build-up system according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • fig. 1 1 illustrates schematically a control architecture of a pressure build-up system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a simplified schematic partial cross section of certain parts of a fuel storage and distribution system for a sea-going vessel.
  • the application envi- ronment being a sea-going vessel has some important consequences: first and foremost, we must then assume that strict maritime classification requirements apply.
  • An example of such maritime classification requirements is constituted by the classification regulations of the Germanischer Lloyd Aktiengesellschaft, which comprise a volume VI, Part 3 (Machinery Installations), Chapter 1 : Guidelines for the Use of Gas as Fuel for Ships, published in 2010.
  • Another consequence concerns the assumed dimensions of the system: as an example, a gas tank sufficiently large to supply the engine(s) of a sea-going vessel with fuel over a reasonable period typically has a net volume of at least dozens of cubic metres, and possibly several hundreds of cubic metres.
  • the gas fuel is natural gas, the vapour pressure of which is 1 bar at about -160 degrees centigrade and 10 bar at about -120 degrees centigrade, we may conclude that the temperature of the liquefied gas fuel is be- low -120 degrees centigrade and may be even in the order of -160 degrees centigrade.
  • the gas tank has a thermally insulating double wall structure that as such conforms to prior art.
  • the pressure inside the gas tank 301 should be maintained within a predetermined range; typically the pressure value to be aimed at is somewhere between 5 and 10 bars.
  • Leading gas fuel out of the gas tank 301 for burning in the engine(s) of the sea-going vessel tends to decrease the pressure inside the gas tank 301 .
  • the pressure build-up system that is used to maintain the pressure within said predetermined range comprises a heating element 302 for heating the gas fuel while it is inside the gas tank 301 .
  • the heating element 302 of fig. 3 comprises a heat exchanger that comprises a channel 303 for circulating heating medium through the heat exchanger.
  • Mechanisms for transferring heat from the heating medium to the gas fuel may comprise condensation of initially gaseous heating medium inside the channel 303 and/or conduction of heat from the warmer heating medium through the structures of the heat exchanger to the colder gas fuel.
  • the heat exchanger comprise an upper part and a lower part.
  • the upper part is located within an upper portion of the gas tank 301 and the lower part is correspondingly located in the lower portion of the gas tank 301 .
  • the terms "upper” and “lower” refer to the position and orientation in which the gas tank 301 would appear during normal use on board the sea-going vessel. In the embodiment of fig.
  • the lower part consists of a pipe 304 extending from the upper part to a lead-through 305 located in a wall (here: the bottom wall) of the lower portion of the gas tank 301 .
  • a lead-through 305 located within the lower portion of the gas tank 301 , it does not constitute a similar flooding risk as in the prior art arrangement of fig. 2.
  • a mechanical failure of the channel would only cause some heating medium to leak out (or, if the mechanical failure was inside the gas tank, some heating medium to mix with some gas fuel inside and/or around the channel depending on the pressure differences). While the amount of liquefied gas fuel in the gas tank 301 may be hundreds of cubic metres, the amount of heating medium must necessarily be several orders of magnitude smaller.
  • Its temperature may, however, be between -160 and -120 degrees centigrade when it has circulated through the whole heating element 302 in- side the gas tank.
  • the exact nature of the arrangement that is used to reheat (and possibly re- evaporate) the heating medium outside the gas tank 301 is not defined in the embodiment of fig. 3.
  • Shown schematically is an external heat exchanger or evaporator 306 that is coupled to the channel 303 for heating and/or evaporating the heating medium while it circulates through the external heat exchanger or evaporator 306.
  • the external heat exchanger or evaporator 306 could also be called a re-boiler.
  • Input and output valves 307 and 308 of the heating element, controlled by respective remotely controlled actuators 309 and 310, can be used to control the flow of the heating medium through the channel 303, which in turn affects the power at which heat is donated to the gas fuel.
  • the device referred to as 306 in fig. 3 is an evaporator or re-boiler.
  • Heating medium is evaporated, which causes it to rise upwards and flow through the input valve 307 to the heating element 302.
  • Condensation of the initially gaseous heating medium within the upper part of the heat exchanger donates heat to the gaseous phase of the gas fuel inside the gas tank 301 .
  • the condensed heating medium flows downwards in the pipe 304 under the effect of the Earth's gravity, donating residual heat on the way by conduction to the surrounding liquid phase of the gas fuel.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a slightly different embodiment that aims at avoiding lead- throughs in the lower portion of the gas tank 301 to the largest extent possible.
  • the two lead-throughs 401 and 402 that are needed for allowing heating medium to flow through the channel 303 to and from the heating element inside the gas tank 301 are located in a wall (here: the side wall) of the upper portion of the gas tank 301 .
  • the heat exchanger that acts as a heating element inside the gas tank 301 has nevertheless a lower part that is located within the lower portion of the gas tank 301 .
  • Said lower part comprises a pipe section 403 that extends from the upper part - located within the upper portion of the gas tank 301 - towards the bottom of the gas tank 301 .
  • said lower part comprises also a pipe section 404 leading upwards.
  • the heating medium inside the channel does not have a continuously descending return path towards the external evaporator 306.
  • the flow resistance experienced by the heating medium may be higher than in the case of fig. 3.
  • the dimensioning of the system should ensure that the surface level of liquid heating medium inside the whole channel is always high enough to allow a well-working siphon effect to draw the returning heating medium out of the heating element.
  • a circulation pump may be used to ensure a sufficient flow of the heating medium.
  • the heating element in the form of a two-part heat exchanger, as illustrated in fig. 5.
  • an upper heat transfer element 501 constructed in such a way that it is effective in transferring heat from a heating medium flowing through the channel to the surrounding gaseous phase of the gas fuel.
  • a lower heat transfer element 502 which in turn is constructed so that it is effective in transferring heat from a heating medium flowing through the channel to the surrounding liquid phase of the gas fuel.
  • a pipe 503 connects the upper heat transfer element 501 to the lower heat transfer element 502, so that the same heating medium will flow through both of them.
  • the pipe 503 may be constructed so that it does not transfer heat very effectively from the heating medium flowing through it to its surroundings.
  • the pipe 503 may even have a thermally insulating jacket, and/or it may go at least partly through the space between the inner and outer shells of the gas tank.
  • Fig. 5 shows there to be a bottom lead-through 504 for the return path of the heating medium, in which sense the solution resembles that of fig. 3. However, the return path could equally well take a route like that shown in fig. 4, with similar consequences concerning the need to ensure sufficient flow of the heating medium.
  • the heating element comprises an upper heat transfer element 601 , a lower heat transfer element 602, and a channel 603 for circulating heating medium through them.
  • the heat transfer elements 601 and 602 are not heat exchangers in the sense that two fluid sub- stances exchanging thermal energy would only be separated by a single barrier.
  • the heat transfer elements 601 and 602 are located between the inner and outer shells of the gas tank 301 , so they could be characterised as constituting heated portions of the inner shell of the gas tank 301 . Good thermal conduction should be ensured between the heat transfer elements 601 and 602 and the inner shell of the gas tank 301 . For example if a vacuum between the inner and outer shells is used as a thermal insulator of the gas tank 301 , the heat transfer elements 601 and 602 must be attached to the inner shell of the gas tank with suitable heat-conducting medium Similar heated portions could be located at various heights in the walls of the gas tank 301 . Maintaining tank pressure would basically be possible even with only one of the heat transfer elements 501 or 502, or 601 or 602 respectively.
  • Figs. 7, 8, and 10 illustrate the fact that the number of heating elements, as well as the number of heat sources that are used to power the heating elements, are not limited by the invention.
  • the fuel storage and distribution system comprises a first heating element 701 and a second heating element 702, so that the first and second heating elements 701 and 702 are located at different heights inside the gas tank 301 .
  • Each heating element 701 and 702 has its own external heat exchanger 703 and 704 respectively, but it would also be possible to branch the channels to two or more heating elements from a common external heat exchanger like the one illustrated as 801 in fig. 8.
  • Branches that lead to and from the individual heating elements are most advantageously equipped with independently controllable valves 802, 803, 804, and 805 in order to be able to optimally distribute the heat to be transferred to the different phases of the gas fuel.
  • independently controllable valves 802, 803, 804, and 805 in order to be able to optimally distribute the heat to be transferred to the different phases of the gas fuel.
  • all embodiments of the invention may comprise as many heating elements driven by as many heat sources as is considered convenient.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the fact that one possible implementation of the heating element inside the gas tank 301 is a heat exchanger 901 that forms a continuous element between the top and bottom of the gas tank 301 .
  • Fig. 10 illustrates an embodiment of the invention where two heating elements are used, one of them being a heat exchanger 1001 that forms a continuous element between the top and bottom of the gas tank 301 , while the other is a heat exchanger 1002 that is located in the lower part of the gas tank 301 , so that most of the time it only donates heat to the liquid phase.
  • a tank room means a gas-tight space surrounding the parts of the bunker tank containing all tank connections and all tank valves.
  • the tank room can be characterised as the gastight enclosure in which there is located the evaporator that is used to vaporize liquid gas for delivery to at least one gas-fuelled engine of the sea-going vessel.
  • the tank room constitutes a gas- tight enclosure that is either partly limited by an outer wall of the gas tank (if the tank room walls have been welded to the outer shell of the gas tank) or coupled to the gas tank through (double-walled) pipelines.
  • the heat exchanger or evaporator which is used to re-heat and/or re-evaporate the heating medium while it circulates through the heat exchanger or evaporator, may be located in the tank room.
  • Fig. 1 1 illustrates schematically an arrangement for controlling the pressure build-up operation.
  • the central element in such controlling is a controller 1 101 , which may be for example a microprocessor.
  • Computer-readable instructions are stored in a non-volatile memory 1 102 and, when executed by the controller 1 101 , cause the implementation of a method according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the method comprises heating both a gaseous phase portion and a liquid phase portion of the gas fuel while it is inside the gas tank. Said heating is controlled to maintain a pressure inside the gas tank at a predetermined value that is preferably between 5 and 10 bars.
  • the pressures and temperatures that prevail at various locations in the gas fuel storage and distribution arrangement can be measured with a number of suitably located pressure (P) and temperature (T) sensors 1 103.
  • Typical action to be taken to physically control the pressure would involve opening and/or closing some valves that control the flows of gaseous and liquid media, for which purpose there are a number of appropriately placed actuators 1 104.
  • the system comprises an additional heater 1 105 that is used to control the temperature of some critical part of the arrangement.
  • the pressure and temperature sensors 1 103, the actuators 1 104 and the possible additional heater 1 105 may be commonly designated as the physical action devices.
  • An input and output unit (I/O unit) 1 106 serves as an interface between the controller 1 101 and the physical action devices. It exchanges infor- mation in digital form with the controller 1 101 , receives measurement signals in the form of voltages and/or currents from the pressure and temperature sensors 1 103, and transmits commands in the form of voltages and/or currents to the actuators 1 104 and the possible additional heater 1 105.
  • the input and output unit 1 106 also makes the necessary conversions between the digital rep- resentations it uses in communicating with the controller 1 101 and the (typically, but not necessarily) analog voltage and/or current levels it uses in controlling the physical action devices.
  • a bus connection 1 107 links the controller 1 101 with one or more user interfaces 1 108, which may be located for example in an engine control room and/or on the bridge of the sea-going vessel.
  • a user interface typically comprises one or more displays and some user input means, such as a touch- sensitive display, a keyboard, a joystick, a roller mouse, or the like.
  • the display part of the user interface is used to display to a human user information about the state and operation of the gas fuel storage and distribution arrangement.
  • the input means of the user interface are available for the user to give commands that control the operation of the gas fuel storage and distribution arrangement.
  • a power source arrangement 1 109 derives and distributes the necessary operating voltages for the various electrically operated parts of the control arrangement.
  • heating elements may have their own external heat sources for reheat- ing, or two or more such heating elements may share a common external heat source.
  • Heating elements need not be ones where fluid heating medium flows through a channel, but for example electric heaters (heating resistors, and/or radiation heaters) could be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de stockage et de distribution de combustible dans une embarcation maritime comportant un réservoir de gaz permettant de stocker du combustible de gaz liquéfié. Un élément chauffant est mis en œuvre pour chauffer ledit combustible de gaz quand il est à l'intérieur dudit réservoir de gaz. Ledit élément chauffant comporte une partie supérieure et une partie inférieure, dont ladite partie supérieure est située à l'intérieur d'une section supérieure dudit réservoir de gaz et ladite partie inférieure est située à l'intérieur d'une section inférieure dudit réservoir de gaz.
PCT/FI2013/051061 2013-11-11 2013-11-11 Procédé et agencement de remontée de pression dans un réservoir de gaz contenant un combustible de gaz liquéfié WO2015067840A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PCT/FI2013/051061 WO2015067840A1 (fr) 2013-11-11 2013-11-11 Procédé et agencement de remontée de pression dans un réservoir de gaz contenant un combustible de gaz liquéfié

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/FI2013/051061 WO2015067840A1 (fr) 2013-11-11 2013-11-11 Procédé et agencement de remontée de pression dans un réservoir de gaz contenant un combustible de gaz liquéfié

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017011395A1 (fr) * 2015-07-10 2017-01-19 Taylor-Wharton Cryogenics Llp Réservoir cryogénique avec échangeur de chaleur interne et soupape normalement fermée
EP3875836A1 (fr) * 2020-03-02 2021-09-08 Chart Inc. Réservoir de distribution doté de caractéristiques de réduction de pression, de désaturation et de saturation

Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB815012A (en) * 1956-11-13 1959-06-17 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Improvements in revaporizing liquefied gases
US2903860A (en) * 1955-09-13 1959-09-15 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Apparatus for unloading cold low temperature boiling liquids from storage reservoir
US4608831A (en) * 1984-10-24 1986-09-02 Gustafson Keith W Self-pressurizing container for cryogenic fluids
US20040089335A1 (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-05-13 Bingham Dennis N. Method and apparatus for pressurizing a liquefied gas
WO2012032219A1 (fr) 2010-09-10 2012-03-15 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Agencement pour le raccordement d'une conduite à un réservoir de gaz naturel liquéfié
WO2013128063A1 (fr) 2012-02-29 2013-09-06 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Réservoir de gnl

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2903860A (en) * 1955-09-13 1959-09-15 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Apparatus for unloading cold low temperature boiling liquids from storage reservoir
GB815012A (en) * 1956-11-13 1959-06-17 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Improvements in revaporizing liquefied gases
US4608831A (en) * 1984-10-24 1986-09-02 Gustafson Keith W Self-pressurizing container for cryogenic fluids
US20040089335A1 (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-05-13 Bingham Dennis N. Method and apparatus for pressurizing a liquefied gas
WO2012032219A1 (fr) 2010-09-10 2012-03-15 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Agencement pour le raccordement d'une conduite à un réservoir de gaz naturel liquéfié
WO2013128063A1 (fr) 2012-02-29 2013-09-06 Wärtsilä Finland Oy Réservoir de gnl

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2017011395A1 (fr) * 2015-07-10 2017-01-19 Taylor-Wharton Cryogenics Llp Réservoir cryogénique avec échangeur de chaleur interne et soupape normalement fermée
US20170097119A1 (en) * 2015-07-10 2017-04-06 Taylor-Wharton Cryogenics Llc Cryogenic tank with internal heat exchanger and fail-closed valve
EP3875836A1 (fr) * 2020-03-02 2021-09-08 Chart Inc. Réservoir de distribution doté de caractéristiques de réduction de pression, de désaturation et de saturation
US11906111B2 (en) 2020-03-02 2024-02-20 Chart Inc. Delivery tank with pressure reduction, saturation and desaturation features

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