WO2015067104A1 - 气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***和具有其的汽车 - Google Patents

气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***和具有其的汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015067104A1
WO2015067104A1 PCT/CN2014/087338 CN2014087338W WO2015067104A1 WO 2015067104 A1 WO2015067104 A1 WO 2015067104A1 CN 2014087338 W CN2014087338 W CN 2014087338W WO 2015067104 A1 WO2015067104 A1 WO 2015067104A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
leaf spring
airbag
bracket
suspension system
lifting bridge
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PCT/CN2014/087338
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐锦
Original Assignee
北汽福田汽车股份有限公司
北京智科投资管理有限公司
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Application filed by 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司, 北京智科投资管理有限公司 filed Critical 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司
Publication of WO2015067104A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015067104A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/32—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds
    • B60G11/34—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds including leaf springs
    • B60G11/46—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having springs of different kinds including leaf springs and also fluid springs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/005—Suspension locking arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
    • B60G17/02—Spring characteristics, e.g. mechanical springs and mechanical adjusting means
    • B60G17/027—Mechanical springs regulated by fluid means
    • B60G17/0275—Mechanical springs regulated by fluid means the mechanical spring being a leaf spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G5/00—Resilient suspensions for a set of tandem wheels or axles having interrelated movements
    • B60G5/04—Resilient suspensions for a set of tandem wheels or axles having interrelated movements with two or more pivoted arms, the movements of which are resiliently interrelated, e.g. the arms being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D61/00—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern
    • B62D61/12—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with variable number of ground engaging wheels, e.g. with some wheels arranged higher than others, or with retractable wheels
    • B62D61/125—Motor vehicles or trailers, characterised by the arrangement or number of wheels, not otherwise provided for, e.g. four wheels in diamond pattern with variable number of ground engaging wheels, e.g. with some wheels arranged higher than others, or with retractable wheels the retractable wheel being a part of a set of tandem wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/11—Leaf spring
    • B60G2202/112—Leaf spring longitudinally arranged
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/15—Fluid spring
    • B60G2202/152—Pneumatic spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/47—Means for retracting the suspension

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of automotive technology, and in particular to an airbag lifting bridge structure leaf spring suspension system and a vehicle therewith.
  • the trucks with leaf spring structure, especially the rear axles are two-axle or multi-axle vehicles.
  • the load capacity is particularly large and the loading rate is increased, when these vehicles are unloaded, it is no longer necessary to carry so many axle loads, and
  • the resistance energy consumption generated by the two-axis or multi-axis and the ground increases the fuel consumption rate, and the wheelbase is large, which is unfavorable for steering stability.
  • the use of a leaf-spring structure of the rear axle with only one axle can not meet the requirements of large load.
  • the suspension method is generally adopted to balance the requirements of large load, small fuel consumption rate, and good steering stability.
  • Freight cars usually have three methods: mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic suspension. The main difference is in the way these suspension components are connected to the shaft and the car chassis.
  • mechanical suspension systems it is achieved by a leaf spring with a specific stiffness.
  • the air suspension system is realized by an air spring whose stiffness is determined by the pressure air supplied by the car air compressor or the air tank.
  • the hydraulic suspension system is realized by a hydraulic cylinder, and the stiffness depends on the hydraulic power source.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, it is an object of the present invention to provide an airbag lifting bridge structure leaf spring suspension system which is controllable in rigidity and capable of automatically balancing the distribution axle load during heavy load, thereby lifting the bridge at no load. Improve.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an automobile having the above suspension system.
  • An airbag lifting bridge structure leaf spring suspension system includes: a leaf spring front bracket; a leaf spring The intermediate bracket; the airbag mounting bracket; the leaf spring rear bracket, the leaf spring front bracket, the leaf spring intermediate bracket, the airbag mounting bracket and the leaf spring rear bracket are respectively mounted on the frame in sequence; An airbag upper cover is mounted above the airbag, and an airbag lower cover is mounted under the airbag, the airbag lower cover is connected to the airbag mounting bracket; a balance beam, the balance beam is rotatably mounted on the leaf spring a first leaf spring, one end of the first leaf spring is located below the balance beam and is slidable in contact with the balance beam, and the other end of the first leaf spring is located at the leaf spring a lower portion of the rear bracket and a sliding ground contact with the leaf spring rear bracket, a lifting bridge for mounting the rear wheel is mounted on the first leaf spring, and the lifting bridge is disposed on the airbag upper cover a first thrust rod, one end of the first thrust rod is hinged with the lifting bridge
  • the airbag lifting bridge structure leaf spring suspension system combines the mechanical suspension with the air suspension, so that the suspension system has a simple structure and a controllable rigidity.
  • the leaf spring is based on the common hinged manner to achieve the vehicle body load and the shock of the vehicle body. The stress concentration caused by the shearing force and the friction force generated by the hinge is eliminated, and the service life of the leaf spring and the leaf spring bracket is greatly increased.
  • the thrust rod hinged on the leaf spring bracket and the axle bears the longitudinal force (the direction of the car) and the lateral force, and plays a guiding role while ensuring that the leaf spring does not disengage from the leaf spring bracket in the longitudinal and lateral directions.
  • the suspension component is a first U-bolt.
  • the first U-bolt is threadedly coupled to the airbag upper cover.
  • the middle portion of the balance beam is rotatably mounted to the leaf spring intermediate bracket via an intermediate shaft.
  • the leaf spring front bracket and the balance beam are provided with a baffle for restricting axial movement of the second leaf spring along the middle bridge.
  • the balance beam and the leaf spring rear bracket are provided with a baffle for restricting axial movement of the first leaf spring along the lift bridge.
  • a position on the balance beam and the leaf spring rear bracket that is in surface contact with the first leaf spring is provided with a curved surface that is adapted to the end of the first leaf spring.
  • the lifting bridge is fixed to a central portion of the first leaf spring by a second U-bolt.
  • the middle bridge is fixed to the middle of the second leaf spring by a third U-bolt.
  • the airbag lower cover is welded to the airbag mounting bracket.
  • the first leaf spring and the second leaf spring are respectively combined by a plurality of alloy spring steels of unequal length.
  • An automobile according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention comprising the airbag lifting bridge structure leaf spring suspension system according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the first leaf spring, the second leaf spring, the first a thrust rod, the second thrust rod, the leaf spring front bracket, the leaf spring intermediate bracket, the balance beam and the leaf spring rear bracket are respectively disposed in pairs on the body of the automobile side.
  • the automobile according to the embodiment of the invention enables the tire on the lifting bridge to not touch the ground through the expansion of the airbag during the idle operation of the automobile, which is beneficial to saving fuel when the vehicle is empty, reducing the loss of the tire and other components, and improving the economy.
  • the load is allowed to be redistributed on fewer tires, the axle load transfer is realized, the adhesion between the axle and the road surface is improved, and the wheelbase is shortened, which can reduce the turning radius of the vehicle and improve the maneuverability of the vehicle.
  • the airbag when the vehicle is heavily loaded, the airbag is deflated, the tire on the bridge is raised, and the axle load of the rear axle is automatically balanced by the balance beam and the two leaf springs, thereby effectively increasing the cargo load of the vehicle and improving the transportation efficiency. Reduce security risks.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view showing a lifting state of a leaf spring suspension system of an airbag lifting bridge structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a structural view showing an unlifted state of the leaf spring suspension system of the airbag lifting bridge structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the leaf spring suspension system of the airbag lifting bridge structure of the present invention.
  • first U-bolt 1: first U-bolt; 2: airbag upper cover; 3: airbag mounting bracket; 4: airbag; 5: frame; 6: leaf spring rear bracket; 7: airbag lower cover; 8: first leaf spring ;9: rear wheel; 10: lifting bridge; 11: second U-bolt; 12: balance beam; 13: leaf spring intermediate bracket; 14: intermediate shaft; 15: second leaf spring; 16: leaf spring front bracket; 17: first thrust rod; 18: middle wheel; 19: middle bridge; 20: third U-bolt; 21: second thrust rod.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defining “first” and “second” may include one or more of the features either explicitly or implicitly.
  • an airbag lifting bridge structure leaf spring suspension system includes: an airbag 4, a balance beam 12, a first leaf spring 8, a second leaf spring 15, a first thrust rod 17, and a first
  • the two thrust rods 21 and the leaf spring front bracket 16, the leaf spring intermediate bracket 13, the airbag mounting bracket 3, and the leaf spring rear bracket 6, respectively, are sequentially mounted on the frame 5.
  • the airbag upper cover 2 is mounted on the airbag 4, and the airbag lower cover 7 is installed under the airbag 4.
  • the airbag upper cover 2 and the airbag lower cover 7 are respectively connected with the airbag 4, which can be regarded as one body, and the airbag upper cover is integrated. 2 and the airbag lower cover 7 plays a role of fixing, sealing and limiting the airbag.
  • the airbag lower cover 7 is connected (preferably welded) to the airbag mounting bracket 3, and the airbag mounting bracket 3 is mounted on the cross member of the frame 5, which is located above the lifting bridge 10; the middle portion of the balance beam 12 is rotatable through the intermediate shaft 14
  • the ground is mounted on the leaf spring intermediate bracket 13.
  • the leaf spring is generally composed of a plurality of alloy spring steels of unequal length, which are similar to an equal-strength spring beam.
  • first leaf spring 8 is located below the balance beam 12 (on the side close to the leaf spring rear bracket 6) and is slidably in contact with the balance beam 12, and the other end of the first leaf spring 8 is located at the rear bracket 6 of the leaf spring. Below and with the leaf spring rear bracket 6 can slide relative to the ground.
  • the relative sliding ground contact mentioned in the present invention means that the two parts are in surface contact, and the two parts can slide relative to each other.
  • the central portion of the first leaf spring 8 is downwardly recessed and the two ends are upwardly lifted, and the two ends of the lifted spring support the load of the vehicle body while the deformation of the leaf spring acts to buffer the shock.
  • the lifting bridge 10 for mounting the rear wheel 9 is fixedly mounted to the middle of the first leaf spring 8 by the second U-bolt 11, and the axial direction of the lifting bridge 10 is substantially perpendicular to the advancing direction (ie, the longitudinal direction) of the automobile, the first leaf spring
  • the length direction of 8 is substantially parallel to the direction of advancement of the car.
  • the balance beam 12 and the leaf spring rear bracket 6 are provided with a curved surface adapted to the end of the first leaf spring 8 at a position in surface contact with the first leaf spring 8, facilitating the sliding of the first leaf spring 8, and increasing contact. Area, reduce pressure.
  • the surface contact makes the leaf spring eliminate the stress concentration caused by the shearing force and friction caused by the hinge on the basis of the vehicle body load and the vibration of the buffer body, which greatly increases the service life of the leaf spring and the leaf spring bracket.
  • the lifting bridge 10 is erected on the suspension component connected to the airbag upper cover 2.
  • the airbag When the car is unloaded, the airbag is inflated, and the suspension component moves upward with the upper cover 2, and is lifted on the airbag upper cover 2
  • the bridge 10 also moves upwards until the rear wheel 9 is lifted and suspended; as shown in FIG. 2, when the vehicle is heavily loaded, the airbag is deflated, and the suspension components are Move down to disengage from the lifting bridge 10, and the rear wheel 9 is in full contact with the ground.
  • the suspension member is preferably a pair of first U-shaped bolts 1 , and the first U-shaped bolt 1 is disposed upright (ie, the U-shaped bolt is concave in the middle and the both ends are upturned), and the upper end thereof is screwed to the airbag upper cover 2 ,
  • the lifting bridge 10 is mounted on the concave portion of the pair of first U-shaped bolts 1, so that it is easier to maintain the horizontal state when the lifting bridge 10 is lifted.
  • the suspension system of the present invention is provided with a first thrust rod 17, and one end of the first thrust rod 17 is hinged to the lifting bridge 10 and The other end is hinged to the leaf spring intermediate bracket 13 so that the first thrust rod 17 serves as a guide while ensuring that the first leaf spring 8 does not disengage from the balance beam 12 and the leaf spring rear bracket 6 in the longitudinal and lateral directions.
  • the mounting principles of the second leaf spring 15 and the second thrust rod 21 refer to the first leaf spring 8 and the first thrust rod 17, respectively.
  • One end of the second leaf spring 15 is located below the leaf spring front bracket 16 and is slidable in contact with the leaf spring front bracket 16, and the other end of the second leaf spring 15 is located on the balance beam 12 (near the side of the leaf spring front bracket 16).
  • the middle bridge 19 for mounting the middle wheel 18 is fixedly mounted to the middle of the second leaf spring 15 by the third U-bolt 20; the second thrust rod 21 is at one end and the middle The bridge 19 is hinged and the other end is hinged to the leaf spring front bracket 16.
  • the middle bridge 19 is connected in the same manner as the lift bridge 10 except that the middle bridge 19 is a drive axle, and the lift bridge 10 is a non-drive axle, which is hooked by the first U-bolt 1 under the action of the airbag 4 inflation lifting force.
  • the lifting bridge 10 is lifted up to balance the lifting force of the airbag 4 with the reaction force of the first leaf spring 8.
  • the first leaf spring 8 and the second leaf spring 15 are slidably in contact with the two ends of the balance beam 12, respectively, and the middle portion of the balance beam 12 is rotatably mounted on the leaf spring intermediate bracket 13 through the intermediate shaft 14, so that the first The load received by the leaf spring 8 and the second leaf spring 15 is automatically balanced.
  • the leaf spring front bracket 16 and the balance beam 12 are provided with two parallel baffles for restricting the axial movement of the second leaf spring 15 along the middle bridge 19.
  • the balance beam 12 and the leaf spring rear bracket 6 are provided with two parallel baffles for restricting the axial movement of the first leaf spring 8 along the lifting bridge 10, and the baffle acts as a limit, friction and lateral force, and the thrust
  • the rod is mainly responsible for the longitudinal force.
  • the axle is moved downward to cause the first leaf spring 8 and the leaf spring rear bracket 6, the first leaf spring 8 and the balance beam 12, and the second leaf spring.
  • 15 is separated from the balance beam 12 or the second leaf spring 15 and the leaf spring front bracket 16, and the lengths of the first leaf spring 8 and the second leaf spring 15 are appropriately extended, so that the front and rear of the first leaf spring 8 respectively exceed the balance beam 12 and
  • the curved surface of the leaf spring rear bracket 6 for surface contact with the first leaf spring 8 has a certain length.
  • the front and rear of the second leaf spring 15 respectively exceed the leaf spring front bracket 16 and the balance beam 12 for the second board.
  • the arc surface of the spring 15 is in contact with a certain length to prevent the first leaf spring 8 and the second leaf spring 15 from being displaced from the corresponding arc surface when the middle wheel 18 or the lift wheel 9 is reset.
  • An automobile according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention includes the above-described airbag lifting bridge structure leaf spring suspension system, such as As shown in FIG. 3, the first leaf spring 8, the second leaf spring 15, the first thrust rod 17, the second thrust rod 21, the leaf spring front bracket 16, the leaf spring intermediate bracket 13, the balance beam 12, and the leaf spring rear bracket 6 They are respectively disposed in pairs on the two sides of the vehicle body, specifically on both sides of two parallel frames 5, the lifting bridge 9 is mounted on the pair of first leaf springs 8, and the middle bridge 15 is installed in pairs The two leaf springs 15 are disposed, and the air bag 4 is disposed between the two first leaf springs 8.
  • the airbag 4 When the idling is empty, the airbag 4 is inflated, and the first U-shaped bolt 1 is slowly lifted.
  • the lifting bridge 10 When the lower end of the first U-shaped bolt 1 is in contact with the lifting bridge 10, the lifting bridge 10 is also slowly lifted up, and at the same time, the first leaf spring 8 is subjected to the lifting force, the first leaf spring 8 starts to bear the anti-bow force, and as the anti-bow deformation of the first leaf spring 8 is larger, the reaction of the first leaf spring 8 is larger, when the first leaf spring 8 is When the anti-bow force is relatively balanced with the lifting force of the airbag 4, the lifting bridge 10 is no longer lifted to a standstill.
  • the tire on the lifting bridge does not contact the ground by the expansion of the airbag, which is beneficial to saving fuel when the vehicle is empty, reducing the loss of tires and other components, and improving economy.
  • the load is allowed to be redistributed on fewer tires, achieving axle load transfer, improving the adhesion of the axle tire to the road surface, and shortening the wheelbase, which can reduce the turning radius of the car and improve the maneuverability of the vehicle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

一种气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***和具有其的汽车，气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***包括：气囊（4）、平衡梁（12）、第一板簧（8）、第二板簧（15）、第一推力杆（17）、第二推力杆（21）以及分别依次安装于车架（5）上的板簧前支架（16）、板簧中间支架（13）、气囊安装支架（3）和板簧后支架（6）。

Description

气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***和具有其的汽车 技术领域
本发明涉及汽车技术领域，尤其是涉及一种气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***和具有其的汽车。
背景技术
目前板簧结构的载货汽车，特别是后轴是两轴或者多轴的汽车，虽然承载量特别大，提高了装载率，但是当这些汽车空载时，不再需要这么多轴承载，而且两轴或者多轴与地面的产生的阻力能量消耗，增大了燃油消耗率，而且轴距较大，对操纵稳定性不利。但是采用后轴只有一轴的板簧结构的载货汽车，又满足不了大承载的要求。现有技术中通常采用悬挂方式来兼顾大载重、小燃油消耗率和好的操纵稳定性等要求。
货运汽车通常有机械、气动或液压悬挂三种方式。主要区别是在于这些悬挂组件与轴和汽车底盘连接方式。对于机械式悬挂***是通过带有特定刚度的板簧来实现。对于空气式悬挂***是通过空气弹簧来实现，其刚度由汽车空压力机或储气罐提供的压力空气决定。对于液压式悬挂***是通过液压油缸来实现，刚度取决于油压动力源。
目前在机械式悬挂***中的轴提升技术，熟知的是使用液压或机械装置。液压装置行之有效，但有一些弊端。通常这些***非常复杂，汽车必须有可用的液压动力源或另外加装的动力源。而用机械式悬挂***来提升桥是特别困难的，板簧必须尽可能地变形来提起轴(桥)，但是板簧刚度难以控制，其无法通过消减某些能源来抵消，另外，被提升的轴固定在正上方某一位置，需通过链条或锚索等连接到汽车底盘，结构较为复杂。另外，采取悬挂方式虽有利于减小燃油消耗，但会使重载时两轴或多轴的载荷分布不均匀而造成货物运输安全事故。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提供一种气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，该悬架***刚度可控，且能在重载时自动平衡分配轴荷，从而在空载时对提升桥进行提升。
本发明的另一个目的在于提出一种具有上述悬架***的汽车。
根据本发明第一方面实施例的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，包括：板簧前支架；板簧 中间支架；气囊安装支架；板簧后支架，所述板簧前支架、所述板簧中间支架、所述气囊安装支架和所述板簧后支架分别依次安装在车架上；气囊，所述气囊上方安装有气囊上盖板，所述气囊下方安装有气囊下盖板，所述气囊下盖板与所述气囊安装支架连接；平衡梁，所述平衡梁可旋转地安装在所述板簧中间支架上；第一板簧，所述第一板簧的一端位于所述平衡梁的下方且与所述平衡梁可相对滑动地面接触，所述第一板簧的另一端位于所述板簧后支架的下方且与所述板簧后支架可相对滑动地面接触，用于安装后轮的提升桥安装在所述第一板簧上，且所述提升桥架设在与所述气囊上盖板连接的悬挂部件上；第一推力杆，所述第一推力杆一端与所述提升桥铰接且另一端与所述板簧中间支架铰接；第二板簧，所述第二板簧的一端位于所述板簧前支架的下方且与所述板簧前支架可相对滑动地面接触，所述第二板簧的另一端位于所述平衡梁的下方且与所述平衡梁可相对滑动地面接触，用于安装中轮的中桥安装在所述第二板簧上；第二推力杆，所述第二推力杆一端与所述中桥铰接且另一端与所述板簧前支架铰接。
根据本发明实施例的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，将机械式悬挂与空气式悬挂结合，使悬架***结构简单且刚度可控。另外，当将上述悬架***应用于汽车上时，由于板簧与板簧支架为可滑动地面接触，相对于常用的铰接方式，板簧在实现承受车体载荷和缓冲车体震动的基础上，消除了铰接产生的剪力和摩擦力所带来的应力集中，大大增加了板簧与板簧支架的使用寿命。同时，铰接于板簧支架与车桥上的推力杆承受纵向力(汽车前进方向)、横向力，起到导向作用的同时保证板簧不会在纵向和横向脱离板簧支架。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述悬挂部件为第一U型螺栓。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述第一U型螺栓与所述气囊上盖板螺纹连接。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述平衡梁的中部通过中间轴可旋转地安装于所述板簧中间支架上。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述板簧前支架和所述平衡梁上设有用于限制所述第二板簧沿所述中桥轴向移动的挡板。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述平衡梁和所述板簧后支架上设有用于限制所述第一板簧沿所述提升桥轴向移动的挡板。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述平衡梁和所述板簧后支架上的与所述第一板簧面接触的位置设有与所述第一板簧端部适配的弧面。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述提升桥通过第二U型螺栓固定于所述第一板簧的中部。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述中桥通过第三U型螺栓固定于所述第二板簧的中部。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述气囊下盖板与所述气囊安装支架焊接。
根据本发明的一个示例，所述第一板簧和所述第二板簧分别由若干片不等长的合金弹簧钢组合而成。
根据本发明第二方面实施例的汽车，包括根据本发明上述第一方面实施例的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其中所述第一板簧、所述第二板簧、所述第一推力杆、所述第二推力杆、所述板簧前支架、所述板簧中间支架、所述平衡梁和所述板簧后支架均分别成对地设于所述汽车的车体两侧。
根据本发明实施例的汽车，使汽车空载行使过程中，通过气囊膨胀来实现提升桥上的轮胎不接触地面，有利于汽车空载时节约燃油，减少轮胎和其他元件损耗，提高了经济性，在这个条件下，负载允许重新分配在更少的轮胎上，实现轴荷转移，改善驱动桥轮胎与路面的附着性能，同时轴距缩短，可缩小汽车的转弯半径从而提高整车机动性能。
另外，汽车重载时气囊放气，提升桥上的轮胎落地，通过平衡梁与两个板簧的配合而自动平衡分配中后桥的轴荷，有效增加汽车的载货量，提高运输效率，减少安全隐患。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***提升状态的结构图；
图2是本发明气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***未提升状态的结构图；
图3是本发明气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***的俯视图。
附图标记：
1：第一U型螺栓；2：气囊上盖板；3：气囊安装支架；4：气囊；5：车架；6：板簧后支架；7：气囊下盖板；8：第一板簧；9：后轮；10：提升桥；11：第二U型螺栓；12：平衡梁；13：板簧中间支架；14：中间轴；15：第二板簧；16：板簧前支架；17：第一推力杆；18：中轮；19：中桥；20：第三U型螺栓；21：第二推力杆。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
需要说明的是，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。
如图1所示，根据本发明实施例的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，包括：气囊4、平衡梁12、第一板簧8、第二板簧15、第一推力杆17、第二推力杆21以及分别依次安装于车架5上的板簧前支架16、板簧中间支架13、气囊安装支架3和板簧后支架6。
其中，气囊4上方安装有气囊上盖板2，气囊4下方安装有气囊下盖板7，气囊上盖板2与气囊下盖板7分别与气囊4连接，可视为一体，气囊上盖板2与气囊下盖板7起着固定、密封、限位气囊作用。气囊下盖板7与气囊安装支架3连接(优选为焊接)，气囊安装支架3安装在车架5的横梁上，此横梁位于提升桥10的上方；平衡梁12的中部通过中间轴14可旋转地安装于板簧中间支架13上。板簧一般是由若干片不等长的合金弹簧钢组合而成一组近似于等强度弹簧梁。
第一板簧8的一端位于平衡梁12(靠近板簧后支架6的一侧)的下方且与平衡梁12可相对滑动地面接触，第一板簧8的另一端位于板簧后支架6的下方且与板簧后支架6可相对滑动地面接触。其中，本发明中提到的相对滑动地面接触均指，两部件面接触，且两部件可相对滑动。第一板簧8中部向下凹陷而两端向上翘起，依靠翘起的两端支撑车体负载而同时通过板簧的变形起到缓冲震动的作用。用于安装后轮9的提升桥10通过第二U型螺栓11固定安装于第一板簧8的中部，提升桥10的轴向与汽车的前进方向(即纵向)基本垂直，第一板簧8的长度方向与汽车的前进方向基本平行。平衡梁12和板簧后支架6上，与第一板簧8面接触的位置设有与第一板簧8端部适配的弧面，便于第一板簧8的滑动，并且能增加接触面积，减小压强。面接触使板簧在实现承受车体载荷和缓冲车体震动的基础上，消除了铰接产生的剪力和摩擦力所带来的应力集中，大大增加了板簧与板簧支架的使用寿命。
还有，提升桥10架设在与气囊上盖板2连接的悬挂部件上，当汽车空载时，气囊充气，悬挂部件随着上盖板2向上移动，架设在气囊上盖板2上的提升桥10也随着向上移动，直至后轮9被提升悬空；如图2所示，当汽车重载时，气囊放气，悬挂部件向 下移动至与提升桥10脱离，后轮9与地面充分接触。其中，悬挂部件优选为一对第一U型螺栓1，第一U型螺栓1正立设置(即U型螺栓中部下凹而两端上翘)，其上端与气囊上盖板2螺纹连接，提升桥10架设于这一对第一U型螺栓1的下凹部分上，使提升桥10被提起时更容易保持水平状态。
另外，为了使牵引力由车轮传递到车架、货箱、车身，也就是传递给整车，本发明的悬架***设有第一推力杆17，第一推力杆17一端与提升桥10铰接且另一端与板簧中间支架13铰接，如此设置，第一推力杆17起到导向作用，同时可保证第一板簧8不会在纵向和横向脱离平衡梁12和板簧后支架6。
同理，第二板簧15、第二推力杆21的安装原理分别参照第一板簧8、第一推力杆17。第二板簧15的一端位于板簧前支架16的下方且与板簧前支架16可相对滑动地面接触，第二板簧15的另一端位于平衡梁12(靠近板簧前支架16的一侧)的下方且与平衡梁12可相对滑动地面接触，用于安装中轮18的中桥19通过第三U型螺栓20固定安装于第二板簧15的中部；第二推力杆21一端与中桥19铰接且另一端与板簧前支架16铰接。中桥19跟提升桥10的连接形式一样，只不过中桥19是驱动桥，而提升桥10为非驱动桥，其用第一U型螺栓1钩住，在气囊4充气提升力作用下，提升桥10被提起，当气囊4提升力与第一板簧8的反作用力下保持平衡。
第一板簧8和第二板簧15分别与平衡梁12的两端部可滑动地面接触，平衡梁12中部通过中间轴14可旋转地安装于板簧中间支架13上，从而可对第一板簧8和第二板簧15承受的载荷自动进行平衡分配。
进一步地，板簧前支架16和平衡梁12上设有用于限制第二板簧15沿中桥19轴向移动的两块平行挡板。平衡梁12和板簧后支架6上设有用于限制第一板簧8沿提升桥10轴向移动的两块平行挡板，挡板起限位、耐摩擦、承受横向力的作用，而推力杆主要是承受纵向力的作用。
考虑到中轮18或者提升轮9有可能陷入路面凹陷处，使车桥往下移动而导致第一板簧8与板簧后支架6、第一板簧8与平衡梁12、第二板簧15与平衡梁12或者第二板簧15与板簧前支架16脱离，将第一板簧8和第二板簧15的长度适当延长，使第一板簧8的前后分别超出平衡梁12和板簧后支架6的用于与第一板簧8面接触的弧面一定长度，同理，第二板簧15的前后分别超出板簧前支架16和平衡梁12的用于与第二板簧15面接触的弧面一定长度，来防止中轮18或者提升轮9复位时，第一板簧8和第二板簧15与相应的弧面错位。
根据本发明第二方面实施例的汽车，包括上述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，如 图3所示，第一板簧8、第二板簧15、第一推力杆17、第二推力杆21、板簧前支架16、板簧中间支架13、平衡梁12、板簧后支架6均分别成对地设于车体两侧，具体地设于两平行的车架5的两侧，提升桥9安装于成对的第一板簧8上，中桥15安装于成对的第二板簧15上，而气囊4设于两第一板簧8之间。
当空载时，气囊4充气，第一U型螺栓1慢慢提升，当第一U型螺栓1下端与提升桥10接触后，提升桥10也慢慢被提升起来，同时，第一板簧8受到提升力的作用，第一板簧8开始反弓受力，而且随着第一板簧8反弓变形越大，第一板簧8的反作用就越大，当第一板簧8的反弓力与气囊4的提升力相对平衡时，提升桥10不再被提升处于静止状态。
根据本发明实施例的汽车，汽车空载行使过程中，通过气囊膨胀来实现提升桥上的轮胎不接触地面，有利于汽车空载时节约燃油，减少轮胎和其他元件损耗，提高的经济性，在这个条件下，负载允许重新分配在更少的轮胎上，实现轴荷转移，改善驱动桥轮胎与路面的附着性能，同时轴距缩短，可缩小汽车的转弯半径从而提高整车机动性能。
另一方面，汽车重载时气囊4放气，提升桥10上的轮胎落地，通过平衡梁12与两个板簧的配合而自动平衡分配中后桥的轴荷，有效增加汽车的载货量，提高运输效率，减少安全隐患。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示意性实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，包括：
    板簧前支架；
    板簧中间支架；
    气囊安装支架；
    板簧后支架，所述板簧前支架、所述板簧中间支架、所述气囊安装支架和所述板簧后支架分别依次安装在车架上；
    气囊，所述气囊上方安装有气囊上盖板，所述气囊下方安装有气囊下盖板，所述气囊下盖板与所述气囊安装支架连接；
    平衡梁，所述平衡梁可旋转地安装在所述板簧中间支架上；
    第一板簧，所述第一板簧的一端位于所述平衡梁的下方且与所述平衡梁可相对滑动地面接触，所述第一板簧的另一端位于所述板簧后支架的下方且与所述板簧后支架可相对滑动地面接触，用于安装后轮的提升桥安装在所述第一板簧上，且所述提升桥架设在与所述气囊上盖板连接的悬挂部件上；
    第一推力杆，所述第一推力杆一端与所述提升桥铰接且另一端与所述板簧中间支架铰接；
    第二板簧，所述第二板簧的一端位于所述板簧前支架的下方且与所述板簧前支架可相对滑动地面接触，所述第二板簧的另一端位于所述平衡梁的下方且与所述平衡梁可相对滑动地面接触，用于安装中轮的中桥安装在所述第二板簧上；
    第二推力杆，所述第二推力杆一端与所述中桥铰接且另一端与所述板簧前支架铰接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，所述悬挂部件为第一U型螺栓。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，所述第一U型螺栓与所述气囊上盖板螺纹连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，所述平衡梁的中部通过中间轴可旋转地安装在所述板簧中间支架上。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，所述板簧前支架和所述平衡梁上设有用于限制所述第二板簧沿所述中桥轴向移动的挡板。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，所 述平衡梁和所述板簧后支架上设有用于限制所述第一板簧沿所述提升桥轴向移动的挡板。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，所述平衡梁和所述板簧后支架上的与所述第一板簧面接触的位置设有与所述第一板簧端部适配的弧面。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，所述提升桥通过第二U型螺栓固定于所述第一板簧的中部。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8中任一项所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，所述中桥通过第三U型螺栓固定于所述第二板簧的中部。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，所述气囊下盖板与所述气囊安装支架焊接。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其特征在于，所述第一板簧和所述第二板簧分别由若干片不等长的合金弹簧钢组合而成。
  12. 一种汽车，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的气囊提升桥结构板簧悬架***，其中所述第一板簧、所述第二板簧、所述第一推力杆、所述第二推力杆、所述板簧前支架、所述板簧中间支架、所述平衡梁和所述板簧后支架分别成对地设在所述汽车的车体两侧。
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