WO2015062157A1 - 一种利用微藻处理油田污水和固定co2的方法 - Google Patents

一种利用微藻处理油田污水和固定co2的方法 Download PDF

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WO2015062157A1
WO2015062157A1 PCT/CN2014/000327 CN2014000327W WO2015062157A1 WO 2015062157 A1 WO2015062157 A1 WO 2015062157A1 CN 2014000327 W CN2014000327 W CN 2014000327W WO 2015062157 A1 WO2015062157 A1 WO 2015062157A1
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microalgae
sewage
oil
oilfield sewage
oilfield
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PCT/CN2014/000327
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张建
王海峰
丁慧
邓波
孙广领
黄文升
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中石化石油工程设计有限公司
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Publication of WO2015062157A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015062157A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/95—Specific microorganisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
    • C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
    • C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of oilfield sewage treatment and new material energy, and particularly relates to a method for treating oil field sewage and fixing CO 2 by using microalgae.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The greenhouse effect is the biggest environmental problem facing all centuries in the 21st century. Industrial development has led to a large number of (0 2 emissions into the atmosphere, only the maximum absorption of C0 2 can coordinate economic development and environmental issues.
  • C0 2 fixed emission reduction technology can be divided into physical processing, chemical processing and biological fixation three.
  • the method wherein the biological fixation, photosynthesis may microalgae can be synthesized by using a large amount of C0 2 biological substances such as proteins, starch, vitamins, and lipids.
  • microalgae and having a high photosynthetic rate, fast reproduction, environmental adaptation It has strong advantages, high processing efficiency and easy integration with other engineering technologies. It can be applied to (0 2 fixed. In order to realize the industrialized microalgae co 2 fixation, many domestic and foreign enterprises and research institutions have made many beneficial attempts. As early as 199 Q, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan had funded a project called the Earth Research Update Technology Program, which uses microalgae to absorb carbon dioxide from the flue gas of thermal power plants to produce biomass energy. A total of more than 20 private companies and government research institutes participated in the investment of about 2.5 billion US dollars in 10 years. Screening, photosynthetic bioreactor development, microalgae biomass energy production, etc.
  • the system will capture C0 2 from the flue gas emitted by Honeywell's manufacturing facility in Hopewell, Virginia, and then extract biofuel from the cultured microalgae, which is converted to pyrolysis oil. Used for power regeneration; industrial gas giant Linde Group and Algenol Biofuels LLC of the United States also collaborated in 2010 to develop a technology for capturing, storing, transporting and supplying carbon dioxide for Algenol production of third generation (3G) biofuels.
  • 3G third generation
  • the company's patented technology uses biofuels from carbon dioxide, seawater and algae.
  • AlgaeLink NV is one of the leaders in the European alternative fuel industry.
  • the object of the present invention is a method for treating oil field sewage and solid carbon dioxide by using microalgae, combining microalgae carbon-fixing biodiesel with oil field sewage re-injection treatment, and adopting micro-algae cultured by biological de-oil treatment
  • the microfiltration method is used to realize the micro-algae harvesting and the oilfield sewage deep treatment.
  • the method utilizes biological and algae to treat oil field sewage, absorb fixed C 0 2 and prepare biodiesel coupling treatment, and proceeds according to the following steps: a. using dissolved air flotation to the oil field The sewage from the sewage combined station oil field is subjected to biological deoiling pretreatment.
  • the oil field sewage after removing most of the crude oil by air flotation enters the aerobic biological degreasing treatment system to further remove the crude oil, and the N, P nutrient salt is added during the aerobic biological degreasing process.
  • the crude oil contained in the oil field sewage is less than 2mg/L;
  • the oil field sewage grows to a microalgae with a density of 107 ml or more and a grease ratio of 20% or more, further purifying the pollutants; c.
  • the oil field sewage after the step b is treated by the track microalgae culture system
  • the microfiltration system is sent, and the micro-algae is collected by the micro-filtration membrane to filter the sewage while the micro-algae is collected by the micro-filtration membrane.
  • the algae is crushed by a filter press to form a algae cake.
  • the micro-filter produces clean water and is re-injected after sterilization and deoxidation. Drive oil into low-permeability or low-permeability reservoirs.
  • the screening rate of the bactericide is 5%-25% based on the volume ratio of the microalgae concentrate, and the clean water is 75°/. -95%; that is, the volume ratio microalgae concentrate accounts for 5%-25%, and the clean water accounts for 75%-95%,
  • the “Regulations for the Purification of Fungicides for Oilfield Water Injection Treatment” was carried out by SY/T6007-94, and the evaluation of fungicides was carried out according to the test method specified in “Fungicide Performance Evaluation Method” SY/T5890-93.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method is a method for treating oil field sewage, absorbing fixed co 2 and preparing biodiesel by biological method and algae.
  • Example 1 a. Using the dissolved air flotation method to carry out biological deoiling pretreatment of oilfield sewage in the oilfield sewage combined station, and the oilfield sewage after removing most of the crude oil by air flotation enters the aerobic biological degreasing treatment system to further remove crude oil, aerobic biological degreasing
  • N: P 100: 5: 1 by weight, the addition of ⁇ P nutrient salt, after the aerobic biological treatment, the oil contained in the oil field sewage 4 ⁇ 2mg / L;
  • b a step after treatment
  • the oil field sewage directly flows into the track-type microalgae culture system, and then the flue gas with a C0 2 content of 3% is directly charged into the track-type microalgae culture system through the aeration system to provide a carbon
  • the oil field sewage grows to density. 107ml or more, and containing more than 20% fat rate algal strains; strains of water remaining in the oil by using N, P nutrients and C0 2 in the flue gas for growth, purification and sewage field to achieve a fixed C0 2; C, of b Step by track
  • the oil field sewage treated by the algae culture system is sent to the microfiltration system, using a ceramic microfiltration membrane with a cross-flow microfiltration method with a cross-flow rate of 25% (ie, a volume ratio of 5% of the microalgae concentrate and 95% of the clean water).
  • the microalgae is collected while filtering the sewage.
  • a step of the treated oil field sewage directly into the track-type algae cultivation system, and then the flue gas with a C0 2 content of 15% is directly charged into the track-type microalgae culture system through the aeration system to grow the microalgae
  • a carbon source adding a high-fat, high-resistance algae plant that can grow well in oil field sewage after biological degreasing, and has a seeding density of 10 5 /ml, after 5 Growing in the sky, the oil field sewage grows to a density of 107ml or more, and the oil content contains more than 20% of the algae strain; the algae strain uses the residual N, P nutrient salt in the oil field sewage and C0 2 in the flue gas to grow, realizing oil field sewage purification Fixed with C0 2 ; c.
  • the oil field sewage treated by the track microalgae culture system in step b is sent to the microfiltration system, and the ceramic microfiltration membrane is used at a cross flow rate of 5% (ie, the volume ratio microalgae concentrate accounts for 25°). /., Separate clean water accounted for 75%).
  • the cross-flow microfiltration method collects the microalgae while filtering the sewage.
  • the algae is crushed by a filter press to form a algae cake.
  • the microfiltration produces clean water and is resterilized and deoxygenated.
  • Driving oil into low-permeability or low-permeability reservoirs Example 3:
  • b a step of the treated oil field sewage directly into the track microalgae culture system, and then the flue gas with C0 2 content of 10% is directly charged into the track microalgae through the inflation system.
  • Nutrient system providing carbon source for microalgae growth, adding algae strain which can grow well in oil field sewage after biological degreasing, has high oil content and high resistance, and has a seeding density of 10 5 At /ml, after 10 days of growth, the oil field sewage grows to a density of 107ml or more, and the oil content is more than 20% of the algae strain; the algae strain utilizes residual N, P nutrient salts in the oil field sewage and C0 2 in the flue gas Carrying out growth, realizing oil field sewage purification and C0 2 fixation; c, sending the oil field sewage treated by the track microalgae culture system to the microfiltration system, using a ceramic microfiltration membrane with a cross flow rate of 15% (ie volume ratio) Microalgae concentrate accounts
  • Example 4 a. Using the dissolved air flotation method to carry out biological deoiling pretreatment of the oilfield sewage in the oilfield sewage combined station, and the oilfield sewage after removing most of the crude oil by air flotation enters the aerobic biological degreasing treatment system to further remove the crude oil.
  • the nutrient salt is added, and the crude oil contained in the oil field sewage after aerobic biological treatment is at 2 mg/L; b, a step
  • the treated oil field sewage directly flows into the track-type microalgae culture system, and then the flue gas with a C0 2 content of 9% is directly charged into the track-type microalgae culture system through the inflation system to provide a carbon source for the microalgae growth.
  • the channel type microalgae culture system is added with an algae strain which can grow well in oil field sewage after biological degreasing, and has high oil content and high resistance.
  • the inoculation density is 10 5 /ml
  • oil field sewage It grows to a density of 107ml or more and has a grease ratio of 20°/.
  • the b-stage oil field sewage treated by the track microalgae culture system is sent to the microfiltration system, using ceramics
  • the microfiltration membrane collects microalgae while collecting the micro-algae at a cross-flow microfiltration method with a cross-flow rate of 15% (ie, 15% by volume of microalgae concentrate and 85% of clean water).
  • the algae is pressed by a filter press. After being filtered, the algae cake is prepared, and the micro-filter produces clean water, which is sterilized, deoxidized, and then injected back into the low-permeability or medium-low permeability reservoir to drive the oil.
  • the embodiment realizes the comprehensive utilization of oil field sewage treatment, C0 2 fixation and biodiesel coupling, and the social and economic benefits are more prominent.

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Abstract

本发明提供一种利用微藻处理油田污水和固定CO2的方法，该方法按如下步骤进行：a、利用溶气气浮对油田污水联合站油田污水进行生物除油预处理，经气浮去除大部分原油后的油田污水进入好氧生物除油处理***进一步去除原油，好氧生物除油过程中加入N、P营养盐，好氧生物处理后油田污水中含有的原油低于2mg/L；b、a步骤经处理后的油田污水中直接流入赛道式微藻培养***，然后通入CO2含量为3%-15%的烟道气，赛道式微藻培养***中加入微藻藻种，经过5-15天生长；c、将b步骤经赛道式微藻培养***处理后的油田污水送微滤***，采用陶瓷微滤膜以错流微滤方式收集微藻的同时过滤污水，藻泥用压滤机压滤后制成藻饼，微滤产干净水经杀菌、脱氧后回注到低渗透或中低渗透油藏地层驱油。

Description

一种利用微藻处理油田污水和固定 C02的方法
技术领域: 本发明属于油田污水处理与新生物质能源领域， 特别涉及一种 利用微藻处理油田污水和固定 C02的方法。 背景技术： 温室效应是 21 世纪全人类所面临的最大环境问题。 工业发展 导致大量（：02排放到大气中， 只有最大限度的吸收转化 C02才能协调 好经济发展与环境间问题。 目前 C02的固定减排技术可以分为物理 处理、 化学处理及生物固定三类。 其中生物固定方法中， 微藻可在 光合作用下， 可利用 C02合成大量的生物物质， 如蛋白质、 淀粉、 维 生素及脂质。 且微藻具有光合速率高、 繁殖快、 环境适应性强、 处 理效率高以及易与其它工程技术集成等优点， 可应用于（02的固定。 为了实现产业化的微藻 co2固定，国内外众多企业和研究机构进 行了许多有益的尝试。 早在 199 Q年， 日本国际贸易和工业部就曾资 助一项名为 "地球研究更新技术计划" 的项目， 利用微藻吸收火力 发电厂烟气中的二氧化碳来生产生物质能源。 该项计划共有大约 20 多个私人公司和政府的研究机构参与， 10年间共投资约 25亿美元， 在减排藻种筛选、 光合生物反应器开发、 微藻生物质能源生产等方 面的工作都卓有成效； 美国绿色燃料技术公司 （GreenFuel)和亚利桑 那公共服务公司于 2007年 12月在西班牙西南部开展的微藻减排项 目，利用水泥厂工业废气中的 C02进行微藻培养并开发高附加值的食 品、 饲料和燃料， 目前已建立 100m2的培养温室以垂直薄膜光生物反 应器进行微藻培养，并计划扩大到 1000m2规模；美国 U0P公司于 2010 年 3月获美国能源部 150万美元的资助， 开展通过微藻生长捕集 C02 及用于生产生物燃料和能源的***验证， 该***将从霍尼韦尔公司 位于弗吉尼亚州 Hopewell 的制造装置排放的烟气中捕集 C02， 然后 从培养的微藻中提取生物燃料， 微藻残渣则转化成热解油用于电力 再生； 工业气体巨头德国林德集团与美国 Algenol Biofuels LLC 公司也于 2010年合作发展一种捕获、 存储、 运输及供给二氧化碳的 技术， 应用于 Algenol生产第三代（3G)生物燃料。 该公司所拥有的 这项专利技术是利用二氧化碳、 海水以及藻类生物中提取生物燃料。 AlgaeLink NV公司是欧洲可替代燃料业界的领头羊之一， 2007年底， 宣布开发出世界上第一个不用预制管制造、 而是用特制 UV防护透明 薄片做成的专利海藻光生物反应器*** ( photobioreactor systems for algae ) 。 此光反应***可以 4艮容易地自动折叠收入一个坚固耐 用、 直径为 64cm的圆形管中， 这个管子能自动将水封紧。 应用这一 技术， 运费成本将减少 90%。 AlgaeLink NV公司在开发此项技术的 三年中， 在藻类科学的研究、 微藻生产***设计操作等方面也都取 得了极大的进展。 利用微藻进行 C02气体固定减排虽然在理论上已日趋成熟，也有 众多企业和机构也都进行了有益的尝试， 但要真正实现规模化应用 仍有不少困难， 原因之一在于成本太高。 所以微藻 C02气体固定减排 技术的发展趋势是微藻 C02气体固定减排和生物柴油、废水处理等其 他技术偶合起来进行综合利用， 在获得其他高附加值产品的同时减 少成本。 发明内容: 本发明的目的是一种利用微藻处理油田污水和固二氧化碳的方 法， 把微藻固碳制生物柴油与油田污水回注处理结合起来， 通过利 用生物除油处理后的污水养殖微藻， 通过采用微滤方法实现微藻的 采收和油田污水深度处理， 再经杀菌、 脱氧后为低渗透和中低渗透 油藏驱油提供合格的回注水， 实现油田污水处理、 co2固定和制取生 物柴油耦合综合利用。 本发明的目的可通过如下技术措施来实现： 该方法利用生物和 1藻处理油田污水、吸收固定 C 02和制取生物 柴油耦合处理， 按如下步驟进行： a、 利用溶气气浮对油田污水联合站油田污水进行生物除油预处 理， 经气浮去除大部分原油后的油田污水进入好氧生物除油处理系 统进一步去除原油， 好氧生物除油过程中加入 N、 P营养盐， 好氧生 物处理后油田污水中含有的原油低于 2mg/L;
b、 a步骤经处理后的油田污水中直接流入赛道式微藻培养***， 然后通入 C02含量为 3%-15%的烟道气， 赛道式微藻培养***中加入 微藻藻种， 经过 5-15天生长， 油田污水中长到密度 107ml以上、 且含油脂率 20%以上的微藻， 进一步净化污染物； ； c、将 b步骤经赛道式微藻培养***处理后的油田污水送微滤系 统， 采用陶瓷微滤膜以错流微滤方式收集微藻的同时过滤污水， 藻 泥用压滤机压滤后制成藻饼， 微滤产干净水经杀菌、 脱氧后回注到 低渗透或中低渗透油藏地层驱油。 杀菌剂的筛选根据即体积比微藻浓缩液占 5%-25%， 分离干净水 占 75°/。-95%；即体积比微藻浓缩液占 5%-25%,分离干净水占 75%-95%、 《油田注水水质处理用杀菌剂采购规定》 SY/T6007- 94进行， 杀菌 剂的评价根据 《杀菌剂性能评价方法》 SY/T5890-93中规定的试验 方法进行。 按照 《油田注水脱氧设计规范标准》 S/T0 46-1999的规 定进行脱氧处理。 。 本发明的目的还可通过如下技术措施来实现： 上述 c步骤所述的错流率为 5%- 25%, 即体积比微藻浓缩液占 5%-25%, 分离干净水占 75%- 95%; a步骤所述的生物除油过程中按 TOC: N: P = 100: 5-10 ： 1重量份配比加入 ^ P营养盐； 当 a步骤 所述的生物除油过程中按 TOC: N: P = 100: 7-8 ： 1重量份配比加入 N、 P营养盐， 效果更好， 更经济。 本发明把 藻固碳制生物柴油与油田污水回注处理有机的结合 起来， 通过利用生物除油处理后的污水养殖微藻， 通过采用微滤方 法实现微藻的采收和油田污水深度处理， 再经杀菌、 脱氧后为低渗 透和中低渗透油藏驱油提供合格的回注水， 实现油田污水处理、 C02 固定和制取生物柴油耦合综合利用， 具有很好的社会效益和经济效 益。 附图说明： 图 1为本发明实施例的流程示意图。 具体实施方式： 该方法是利用生物法和敖藻处理油田污水、吸收固定 co2和制取 生物柴油耦合处理的方法。 实施例 1: a、 利用溶气气浮法对油田污水联合站油田污水进行生物除油预 处理， 经气浮去除大部分原油后的油田污水进入好氧生物除油处理 ***进一步去除原油， 好氧生物除油过程中按 TOC: N: P = 100: 5： 1 重量份配比加入 ^ P营养盐， 好氧生物处理后油田污水中含有的原 油 4氐于 2mg/L; b、 a步骤经处理后的油田污水中直接流入赛道式微藻培养***， 然后将 C02含量为 3%的烟道气通过充气***直接充入赛道式微藻培 养***， 为微藻生长提供碳源， 在赛道式微藻培养***中加入能够 在生物除油后油田污水中生长良好， 具有高含油脂、 高抗逆性的藻 株， 接种密度为 105个 /ml 时， 经过 15天生长， 油田污水中长到密 度 107ml 以上、 且含油脂率 20%以上的藻株； 藻株利用油田污水中 残余的 N、 P营养盐和烟道气中 C02进行生长， 实现油田污水净化与 C02固定; c、 将 b步骤经赛道式微藻培养***处理后的油田污水送微滤系 统， 采用陶瓷微滤膜以错流率为 25% (即体积比微藻浓缩液占 5%, 分离干净水占 95% ) 的错流微滤方式收集微藻的同时过滤污水， 藻 泥用压滤机压滤后制成藻饼， 敖滤产干净水经杀菌、 脱氧后回注到 低渗透或中低渗透油藏地层驱油。 实施例 2： a、 利用溶气气浮法对油田污水联合站油田污水进行生物除油预 处理， 经气浮去除大部分原油后的油田污水进入好氧生物除油处理 ***进一步去除原油， 好氧生物除油过程中按 TOC: N: P = 100: 10 ： 1重量份配比加入 ^ P营养盐， 好氧生物处理后油田污水中含有的 原油低于 2mg/L;
b、 a步骤经处理后的油田污水中直接流入赛道式 ^藻培养***， 然后将 C02含量为 15%的烟道气通过充气***直接充入赛道式微藻培 养***， 为微藻生长提供碳源， 在赛道式微藻培养***中加入能够 在生物除油后油田污水中生长良好， 具有高含油脂、 高抗逆性的藻 株， 接种密度为 105个 /ml 时， 经过 5天生长， 油田污水中长到密度 107ml以上、 且含油脂率 20%以上的藻株； 藻株利用油田污水中残 余的 N、 P营养盐和烟道气中 C02进行生长， 实现油田污水净化与 C02 固定； c、 将 b步骤经赛道式微藻培养***处理后的油田污水送微滤系 统， 采用陶瓷微滤膜以错流率为 5% (即体积比微藻浓缩液占 25°/。， 分离干净水占 75% ) 的错流微滤方式收集微藻的同时过滤污水， 藻 泥用压滤机压滤后制成藻饼， 微滤产干净水经杀菌、 脱氧后回注到 低渗透或中低渗透油藏地层驱油。 实施例 3:
a、 利用溶气气浮法对油田污水联合站油田污水进行生物除油预 处理， 经气浮去除大部分原油后的油田污水进入好氧生物除油处理 ***进一步去除原油， 好氧生物除油过程中按 TOC: N: P = 100: 8: 1 重量份配比加入 ^ P营养盐， 好氧生物处理后油田污水中含有的原 油 氐于 2mg/L;
b、 a步骤经处理后的油田污水中直接流入赛道式微藻培养***， 然后将 C02含量为 10%的烟道气通过充气***直接充入赛道式微藻培 养***， 为微藻生长提供碳源， 在赛道式微藻培养***中加入能够 在生物除油后油田污水中生长良好， 具有高含油脂、 高抗逆性的藻 株， 接种密度为 105个 /ml 时， 经过 10天生长， 油田污水中长到密 度 107ml 以上、 且含油脂率 20%以上的藻株； 藻株利用油田污水中 残余的 N、 P营养盐和烟道气中 C02进行生长， 实现油田污水净化与 C02固定； c、 将 b步骤经赛道式微藻培养***处理后的油田污水送微滤系 统， 采用陶瓷微滤膜以错流率为 15% (即体积比微藻浓缩液占 15%， 分离干净水占 85% ) 的错流微滤方式收集微藻的同时过滤污水， 藻 泥用压滤机压滤后制成藻饼， 微滤产干净水经杀菌、 脱氧后回注到 低渗透或中低渗透油藏地层驱油。 实施例 4: a、 利用溶气气浮法对油田污水联合站油田污水进行生物除油预 处理， 经气浮去除大部分原油后的油田污水进入好氧生物除油处理 ***进一步去除原油， 好氧生物除油过程中按 TOC: N: P = 100: 7: 1 重量份配比加入 ^ P营养盐， 好氧生物处理后油田污水中含有的原 油 氐于 2mg/L; b、 a步骤经处理后的油田污水中直接流入赛道式微藻培养***， 然后将 C02含量为 9%的烟道气通过充气***直接充入赛道式微藻培 养***， 为微藻生长提供碳源， 在赛道式微藻培养***中加入能够 在生物除油后油田污水中生长良好， 具有高含油脂、 高抗逆性的藻 株， 接种密度为 105个 /ml 时， 经过 10天生长， 油田污水中长到密 度 107ml 以上、 且含油脂率 20°/。以上的藻株； 藻株利用油田污水中 残余的 N、 P营养盐和烟道气中 C02进行生长， 实现油田污水净化与 C02固定； c、 将 b步骤经赛道式微藻培养***处理后的油田污水送微滤系 统， 采用陶瓷微滤膜以错流率为 15% (即体积比微藻浓缩液占 15%， 分离干净水占 85% ) 的错流微滤方式收集微藻的同时过滤污水， 藻 泥用压滤机压滤后制成藻饼， 微滤产干净水经杀菌、 脱氧后回注到 低渗透或中低渗透油藏地层驱油。 该实施例在实现油田污水处理、 C02固定和制取生物柴油耦合综 合利用发明， 社会效益和经济效益更突出。

Claims

WO 2015/062157 权 利 要 求 书 PCT/CN2014/000327
1、 一种利用微藻处理油田污水和固定（02的方法， 其特征在于 该方法按如下步骤进行： a、 利用溶气气浮对油田污水联合站油田污水进行生物除油预处 理， 经气浮去除大部分原油后的油田污水进入好氧生物除油处理系 统进一步去除原油， 好氧生物除油过程中加入 N、 P营养盐， 好氧生 物处理后油田污水中含有的原油低于 2mg/L; b、 a步骤经处理后的油田污水中直接流入赛道式 :藻培养***， 然后通入 C02含量为 3%-15°/。的烟道气， 赛道式微藻培养***中加入 微藻藻种， 经过 5- 15 天生长， 油田污水中长到密度 107/ml 以上、 且含油脂率 20%以上的微藻； c、将 b步骤经赛道式微藻培养***处理后的油田污水送微滤系 统， 采用陶瓷微滤膜以错流微滤方式收集微藻的同时过滤污水， 藻 泥用压滤机压滤后制成藻饼， 微滤产干净水经杀菌、 脱氧后回注到 低渗透或中^ ί氐渗透油藏地层驱油。
2、 根据权利 1所述的一种利用微藻处理油田污水和固定 C02的 方法， 其特征在于 c步骤所述的错流率为 5%- 25°/。。
3、 根据权利 1所述的一种利用微藻处理油田污水和固定 C02的 方法， 其特征在于 a步骤所述的生物除油过程中按 TOC: N: P = 100: 5-10 ： 1重量份配比加入 ^ P营养盐。
4、 根据权利 1所述的一种利用微藻处理油田污水和固定 C02的 方法， 其特征在于 a步驟所述的生物除油过程中按 TOC: N: P = 100: 7-8 ： 1重量份配比加入 P营养盐。
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